WO2016107487A1 - 采样装置和气帘引导体 - Google Patents

采样装置和气帘引导体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016107487A1
WO2016107487A1 PCT/CN2015/098691 CN2015098691W WO2016107487A1 WO 2016107487 A1 WO2016107487 A1 WO 2016107487A1 CN 2015098691 W CN2015098691 W CN 2015098691W WO 2016107487 A1 WO2016107487 A1 WO 2016107487A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sampling device
air
chamber
inlet
sample
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2015/098691
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张清军
李元景
陈志强
何会绍
马秋峰
赵自然
刘以农
刘耀红
朱伟平
邹湘
常建平
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuctech Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nuctech Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuctech Co Ltd filed Critical Nuctech Co Ltd
Priority to JP2016548634A priority Critical patent/JP6333989B2/ja
Priority to EP15875165.1A priority patent/EP3242122B1/en
Publication of WO2016107487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107487A1/zh
Priority to US15/238,598 priority patent/US10151671B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/24—Suction devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2211—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with cyclones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
    • G01N30/28—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
    • G01N30/30—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inspection system, and in particular to a tornado sampling device and an air curtain guide having an enlarged collection function for an airborne substance.
  • GC-IMS gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
  • the sample is detected by rapid GC-IMS.
  • the sample first passes through the sampling device.
  • the sampling, sampling device and method not only affect the application range of GC-IMS but also affect its sensitivity to the test substance. Rapid sampling and injection techniques are among the key technologies that determine fast GC-IMS performance.
  • the injection mode has been invented for individual ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) techniques, which are divided into wiping sampling and direct inhalation.
  • the prior art of direct inhalation of IMS usually places the inlet of the IMS close to the sample, and directly extracts the gas path structure of the sample molecules by using a gas pump, and directly analyzes the ion mobility spectrum of the air.
  • the prior art of IMS wiping sampling usually uses a high-temperature resistant wiping paper with a certain degree of flexibility, wipes the substance to be inspected, and then puts the sampling paper into a card slot of the thermal analysis injector, and thermally analyzes the substance adhered on the sampling paper by heating. come out.
  • prior art sampling methods have undesirable aspects, such as low sampling efficiency, low sensitivity of direct air inhalation, or some methods are only suitable for sampling substances contaminated on the surface, and are not suitable for sampling trace gases.
  • the sampling device of the invention adopts a truncated conical tornado generator, which produces a funnel-shaped tornado similar to that in nature.
  • the tornado cyclone center has a gas pressure nearly 10 times lower than the surrounding air pressure, and has a strong sucking effect, which can realize airborne substances. Zoom in to collect.
  • IMS ion transport
  • GC gas chromatography
  • GC-IMS injector fast GC-IMS injector
  • a sampling apparatus comprising: a cavity having a sampling inlet of a suction sample at a first end of the cavity and a second end opposite the first end of the cavity The sample exit of the discharged sample.
  • the chamber further includes an inflation inlet and an exhaust port located within the wall of the cavity, the inflation inlet configured to blow a gas flow into the cavity, the exhaust port being configured to exhaust gas to form a tornado flow in the cavity together with the inflation inlet, The tornado airflow is helically advanced from a first end to a second end of the cavity.
  • the inner wall of the partial cavity is formed in a frustoconical shape, the small-diameter circular end of the frustoconical inner wall is close to the sampling inlet of the cavity, and the large-diameter circular shape of the frustoconical inner wall The end is near the sample outlet.
  • the inflation inlet is configured such that an axial intake direction of the inflation inlet is nearly tangent to an inner surface of the inner wall of the chamber, and an axial intake direction of the inflation inlet is inclined toward the sample outlet side.
  • the exhaust port is configured to exhaust a peripheral gas of a tornado flow formed in the cavity.
  • the opening direction of the exhaust port is close to the reverse direction of the velocity direction of the airflow at the exhaust port.
  • the sampling device further includes a mixing chamber portion disposed at the second end of the chamber, the sample being fed into the mixing chamber portion and fed to the detection system through the inlet.
  • the mixing chamber portion is separated from the rest of the chamber by a semipermeable membrane open.
  • the mixing chamber portion is provided with a carrier gas passage to inject a carrier gas into the mixing chamber portion for mixing with the sample.
  • the sampling device further comprises a filter screen at the first end for blocking large particulate matter from entering the sampling inlet, the filter mesh comprising a coarse filter mesh and a filter microparticle having rigid filtered large particles Fine filter mesh.
  • the sampling device further includes a temperature control system for controlling the temperature within the chamber, including a heater for temperature rise disposed within the wall of the chamber and a temperature sensor for measuring temperature.
  • a temperature control system for controlling the temperature within the chamber, including a heater for temperature rise disposed within the wall of the chamber and a temperature sensor for measuring temperature.
  • the sampling device further includes an insulating layer surrounding the wall of the cavity.
  • the sampling device further includes an air pump in communication with the inflation inlet and an exhaust pump in communication with the exhaust port, wherein the exhaust pump flow rate is 10 times or more of the air pump.
  • a sampling device comprising: an air guiding chamber having a cylindrical inner wall surface; an end cap configured to seal a first end of the sampling device, the end cap having a sample inlet for drawing a sample .
  • the sampling device further includes a curtain guide body disposed adjacent to the sample inlet of the first end of the sampling device and coupled to the air guiding chamber, the air curtain guiding body being provided with an inflation inlet for blowing air into the sampling device for the air curtain guiding body A tornado flow is formed in the interior space of the air guiding chamber.
  • the air curtain guide has a frustoconical inner wall
  • the sampling inlet of the sampling device is located near the smaller diameter round end of the frustoconical inner wall, and the larger diameter circle of the frustoconical inner wall The end is away from the sample inlet.
  • the air curtain guide body has a plurality of swirl holes, the axial direction of each of the swirl holes is nearly tangent to the inner surface of the inner wall of the air curtain guide body, and the axial air intake of each of the swirl holes The direction is inclined away from the sample inlet side.
  • the air guiding chamber further includes an exhaust port disposed in the wall of the air guiding chamber away from the first end to discharge a peripheral gas of the tornado flow formed in the air guiding chamber.
  • the opening direction of the exhaust port is close to the reverse direction of the velocity direction of the airflow at the exhaust port.
  • the sampling device further includes a first device disposed at the sampling device The mixing chamber portion of the opposite end of the end, the sample is sent to the mixing chamber portion and fed to the detection system through the inlet.
  • the mixing chamber portion is separated from the rest of the chamber by a semi-permeable membrane.
  • the mixing chamber portion is provided with a carrier gas passage to inject a carrier gas into the mixing chamber portion for mixing with the sample.
  • the sampling device further comprises a filter screen at the first end for blocking large particulate matter from entering the sampling inlet, the filter mesh comprising a coarse filter mesh and a filter microparticle having rigid filtered large particles Fine filter mesh.
  • the sampling device further includes a temperature control system for controlling the temperature within the chamber, including a heater for temperature rise disposed within the wall of the chamber and a temperature sensor for measuring temperature.
  • a temperature control system for controlling the temperature within the chamber, including a heater for temperature rise disposed within the wall of the chamber and a temperature sensor for measuring temperature.
  • the sampling device further includes an insulating layer surrounding the wall of the cavity.
  • the sampling device further includes an air pump in communication with the inflation inlet and an exhaust pump in communication with the exhaust port, wherein the exhaust pump flow rate is 10 times or more of the air pump.
  • the air curtain guide body defines an annular space configured to contain a gas to form air pressure in the annular space and to charge the inner space of the sampling device through the inflation inlet.
  • an air curtain guide for a sampling device is provided.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sampling device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an air curtain guide body in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the bottom end face of the outer cover of the sampling device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a tornado sampling device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a tornado real-time sampling device having an enlarged collecting function for airborne materials, comprising: an end cap 1 having a hole; and a pressure ring 2 disposed on the end cap 1 , the pressure ring 2
  • the coarse screen 3 and the microfilter 4 are mounted above the opening of the end cap 1 to block large particulate matter from entering the interior of the sampling device.
  • the coarse filter not only filters large particles, but also has strong rigidity, which can prevent pressure from the external environment and impact of large particles.
  • Microfilters are used to filter fine solid particles or microparticles.
  • an integral end cap 1 can be used, wherein the integral end cap has an opening, or sampling inlet, and the sampling inlet is arranged with a porous element 3 or 4 in order to block large particulate matter from passing through the end cap 1.
  • the sampling device further comprises an air curtain guiding body 5, which can be capped on the top of the rotary air curtain guiding body 5 by means of an O-ring 8 in order to seal the upper annular surface of the air curtain guiding body 5.
  • the rotary air curtain guide body 5 has a cylindrical outer side wall and may have an inner side wall having a funnel shape in cross section as shown.
  • the air curtain guide 5 can be a combination of a cylinder and a funnel inner side wall therein.
  • the air curtain guide 5 may be a single piece that is integrally formed.
  • the angle between the funnel inner side wall and the cylindrical outer side wall may be between 20 and 30 degrees, however other angles are also optional.
  • the diameter of the lower end surface of the funnel-shaped inner side wall of the air curtain guide body 5 is at least twice the diameter of the upper end surface. In other words, the diameter of the lower opening formed by the funnel-shaped inner side wall is at least twice the diameter of the upper opening.
  • This funnel-shaped design is used to simulate the formation of a tornado.
  • the inner side surface of the funnel-shaped inner side wall of the air curtain guide body 5 defines an inner space, that is, an internal space between the inner side walls as shown in the sectional view shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the side wall of the air curtain guide body 5 along A-A.
  • a plurality of swirl holes 6 are evenly arranged at the upper end of the funnel-shaped inner side wall of the air curtain guide body 5.
  • the axial direction of these swirl holes 6 is close to the inner side wall of the funnel, and the axis of the swirl hole 6
  • the angle with the vertical direction is between 45° and 90°.
  • the swirl hole is tangential to the funnel-shaped inner side wall of the air curtain guide body 5 and is directed downward (in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 1) so that the gas flows out from the swirl hole and is tangent along the funnel inner side wall. The direction of the flow down.
  • the cylindrical outer side wall of the air curtain guide body 5 there is an inflation inlet 7.
  • the cylindrical outer side wall of the rotating air curtain guide body 5, the funnel inner side wall and the end cover 1 enclose an annular space. Gas can enter the annular space from the inflation inlet 7, and then the air in the annular space is blown into the funnel-shaped internal space of the air curtain guide body 5 along the swirl hole 6 on the funnel inner side wall to form the swirling air curtain 30.
  • the sample is sucked from the upper end and discharged from the lower end, and the inflation gas flow is spirally flowed from the top to the bottom.
  • the sampling device is placed horizontally against the object to be detected, for example, when the sampling inlet is opposed to the object to be detected located on the left side of the sampling device, the small opening side of the air curtain guiding body 5 faces the object to be detected on the left side.
  • the funnel-shaped inner wall 9 is in a horizontal arrangement, and the sample advances from left to right.
  • the air curtain guide 5 may include an inflation tube passage 18.
  • Figure 1 shows an arrangement in which one end of the inflation tube passage 18 is in communication with the inflation inlet 7 and the other end is in communication with an air pump 28 for inflation.
  • the air pump 28 for inflating feeds the air wind along the inflation tube passage 18 through the inflation inlet 7 into the annular space, and the air wind in the annular space is blown into the funnel-shaped inner space along the swirl hole 6 on the funnel inner side wall to form the swirling air curtain 30. .
  • the sampling device also includes an air guiding chamber 9 having a cylindrical inner wall.
  • the air guiding chamber 9 is nested under the air curtain guiding body 5 by an O-ring.
  • the air guiding chamber 9 and the air curtain guiding body 5 can be joined in other forms as long as it does not affect the formation of a tornado air flow in the air guiding chamber.
  • the tornado flow is known to those skilled in the art, that is, the gas at the periphery of the gas stream rotates at a high speed or at least rapidly, i.e., in a transverse section (in the cross section of the air guiding chamber in this embodiment), while rotating There is a speed in the longitudinal direction that moves forward (in one embodiment from one end of the sampling inlet to one end of the sample outlet); at the same time, the gas at the center of the gas flow or at the center of the shaft is drawn forward in the longitudinal direction.
  • the air guiding chamber 9 is used to maintain the tornado cyclone and guide the airborne material sucked by the tornado shaft into the subsequent detecting device.
  • the swirling air curtain 30 is advanced downwardly into the air guiding chamber 9 to form a swirling airflow 31.
  • the tornado-type swirling airflow 32 flows along the air guiding chamber 9, and is exhausted from the exhaust pump port 23 and through the exhaust port 27 via the cyclone outlet 10 on the side wall of the lower end of the air guiding chamber 9.
  • the sampling device further includes a funnel-shaped bottom cover 13 that seals the lower end surface of the air guiding chamber 9 through an O-ring 8.
  • a semi-permeable membrane 11 is disposed between the bottom cover 13 and the lower port of the air guiding chamber 9.
  • the semi-permeable membrane 11 can block the inhalation of water molecules, ammonia molecules and other impurity contaminants in the airborne material from entering and contaminating the back end of the column or migration. tube.
  • the semi-permeable membrane 11 also restricts the formation of clusters, thereby increasing the resolution of the instrument.
  • two pieces of mesh metal 12 may be provided to sandwich and protect the semipermeable membrane 11 from the airflow.
  • the funnel-shaped bottom cover 13 can serve as a mixing zone or mixing chamber for the carrier gas and the sample.
  • the funnel-shaped bottom cover 13 may include a carrier gas passage 21 for injecting a carrier gas, and the incoming carrier gas is thoroughly mixed with the sample in the funnel.
  • the funnel-shaped bottom cover 13 may also include an injection port 20 through which the collected sample and carrier gas are discharged, for example, after mixing and preheating. In some cases, the sample and carrier gas can be directly mixed without heat and discharged.
  • the sampling device further includes a heat insulating sleeve 14 disposed on the air guiding chamber 9, a heating rod 16 disposed in the air guiding chamber 9, and a temperature sensor 17, thereby forming a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of the air guiding chamber 9. For example, heating and heating.
  • the temperature control system can control the temperature in the chamber to 50 °C-250 °C.
  • the high temperature helps the high-boiling airborne material to rapidly vaporize and pass through the semi-permeable membrane, and is beneficial to vaporize the sample and from the funnel side wall.
  • the carrier gas entering the carrier gas channel 21 is thoroughly mixed in the funnel, which can effectively improve the detection limit of the instrument for high-boiling substances.
  • the collected sample is mixed with the carrier gas and preheated and carried by the carrier gas into the inlet 20.
  • the rotating air curtain guiding body 5, the air guiding chamber 9, and the bottom cover 13 can be made of a metal material having good thermal properties, and the outer heat insulating sleeve 13 can be made of aerogel or glass or ceramic wool of about 10 mm thick. Alternatively, a Teflon cover 15 may be placed over the insulation layer 13.
  • FIG. 3 shows the bottom end surface of the outer cover 15, which includes an air pump interface 22, an exhaust pump interface 23, a GC column/ion transfer tube interface 24, a heater rod lead line 25, a temperature sensor lead line 26, an exhaust vent 27, and a carrier gas tube. Interface 36.
  • the air pump interface 22 and the exhaust pump port 23 may be respectively connected to a gas pump 28 for continuously providing gas pressure to form a tornado flow inside the sampling device.
  • the exhaust pump interface 23 is desirably arranged such that the air resistance is as small as possible so that the opening of the exhaust pump interface within the air guiding chamber is desirably facing the direction of the air flow such that the air flow easily flows into the exhaust pump interface.
  • the exhaust pump port 23 can also be used directly as an exhaust vent without the air pump 28.
  • the GC column/ion transfer tube interface 24 can be connected to the GC column or directly to the ion transfer tube.
  • the carrier gas line interface 36 is connected to the molecular sieve 35 to purify the carrier gas.
  • the power of the air pump 28 as shown can be adjusted as needed. Since the tornado has a gas collection and amplification function, the flow rate of the exhaust pump is more than 10 times that of the air pump.
  • the air source collected by the air pump can be as far as possible from the sampling target 33, such as a flexible catheter that can be used for telescopic steering.
  • the air pump and the sampling end hole are opened apart, and on the other hand, the air entering the air pump can be filtered and purified to avoid gas cross-contamination and improve the sensitivity of the sampling and sampling of the sampling instrument.
  • a sampling and injection process of a tornado sampling device having an amplification collecting function for a gas according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
  • the front end hole of the sampling device of the present invention is aligned with the sampling target 33 at a position of 5 to 10 cm while the gas and exhaust gas pump 28 is turned on.
  • the inflated gas stream 29 is charged into the annular space of the air curtain guiding body 5 along the inflation tube through the inflation inlet 7, and a gas pressure is generated in the annular space under the continuous wind pressure of the air pump 28, and the air is guided along the air curtain guiding body 5 under the action of the air pressure.
  • the swirl hole 6 is blown into the inner space of the funnel, and due to the specific configuration of the swirl hole 6, air is blown into the inner space in a specific direction, thereby forming a funnel-shaped rotary air curtain 30.
  • the continuously formed rotary air curtain 30 moves along the inner wall of the air guiding chamber 9, that is, rapidly rotates around the central axis 32 of the air guiding chamber 9 and simultaneously moves downward to form a tornado airflow. 31. Due to the centrifugal force generated by the rotation, the center air pressure of the tornado airflow is significantly reduced. For example, the air pressure of the central axis 32 is about 10 times lower than the ambient air pressure, thereby generating a large amount at the central axis of the air guiding chamber 9. Suction force.
  • the suction force is such that the airborne material in the vicinity of the sampled target 33 is drawn into the vicinity of the center of the wind guide chamber 9 from the front end hole of the air guiding chamber 9, and forms a sample gas column along the central axis of the tornado flow. 32 moves downward and the final sample reaches the injection semipermeable membrane 11. This process is similar to the tornado-style "dragon water” in nature.
  • the collected sample enters the funnel-shaped cavity of the bottom cover 13 through the semipermeable membrane 11, and is rapidly vaporized in the case of preheating and the carrier gas flow from the carrier gas passage 21 in the side wall of the bottom cover 13 37 is thoroughly mixed, after which the carrier gas carries the sample into the injection interface 20.
  • the torso-type airflow 31 forms a cyclone to move along the side wall of the air guiding chamber 9.
  • the peripheral cyclone gas enters the outlet 10, and this part of the gas forms the cyclone airflow 34 to be discharged through the air outlet 27.
  • the outlet 10 is arranged in the direction of the air flow towards the cyclone, in the orientation shown in Figure 1, the outlet 10 may be inclined upwards, and the outlet may not be towards the center of the cavity but rather in a tangential direction towards the inner wall, so that the opening direction of the outlet is closer to the ground Towards the direction of velocity of the airflow at the exit.
  • the opening direction of the outlet 10 is not strictly opposite to the direction of the velocity of the airflow at the outlet, the opening direction of the outlet 10 approaches the reversal of the velocity direction of the airflow at the outlet so that the gas enters the outlet 10 more easily. It is discharged.
  • the sampling device continuously draws the sample molecules, thus achieving an amplified acquisition of the airborne material.
  • the tornado real-time sampling device with gas amplification and collection function can be directly used as an injector for an analytical instrument such as IMS, GC, MS, GC-IMS, GC-MS, and will not be described here.
  • the sampling device includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end.
  • the sampling device comprises a cavity 9, a portion 5 of which is funnel-shaped or frustoconical.
  • the cavity includes a sampling inlet for the inhaled sample near the first end and a sample outlet 20 for discharging the sample near the second end.
  • the sampling inlet of the cavity 9 is located near the smaller diameter circular end of the frustoconical inner wall 9, and the larger diameter circular end of the frustoconical inner wall is closer to the sample outlet.
  • the small-diameter end of the funnel-shaped inner wall 9 serves to face the sample, while the large-diameter end faces the sample outlet from which the sample is discharged.
  • the orientation of the cavity shown in the figure is the sampling inlet, the sample outlet of the discharged sample is below, and thus the funnel-shaped inner wall 9 is in the form of an inverted funnel arrangement.
  • the sampling device is placed horizontally against the object to be inspected, for example, when the sampling inlet is opposed to the object to be detected located on the left side of the sampling device, the small side of the funnel-shaped inner wall 9 faces the object to be detected on the left side. At this time, the funnel-shaped inner wall 9 is in a lateral arrangement.
  • the chamber is also provided with an inflation inlet 6 configured to blow airflow into the chamber to create a tornado flow within the chamber.
  • the cavity is also provided with an exhaust port 10, and the exhaust port is configured The exhaust gas is exhausted to form a tornado flow in the cavity together with the inflated inlet 6.
  • the inflation inlet 6 is configured such that the axial intake direction of the inflation inlet 6 is nearly tangential to the inner surface of the inner wall of the chamber, and the axial intake direction of the inflation inlet 6 is inclined toward the sample outlet, as schematically illustrated in FIG. Shown.
  • the air curtain guiding body 5 may not be separately provided, however, it is also possible to achieve the similarity to the air curtain guiding body 5 by providing the inflation inlet 6 and the corresponding air inlet passage as described above near the sample inlet of the inner wall of the chamber. Effect. Further, an annular space of the air curtain guiding body as described in the above embodiment may be formed in the interior of the cavity, the annular space being configured to accommodate gas to form air pressure in the annular space, and to charge the internal space of the sampling device through the inflation inlet .
  • the vent 10 is located within the wall of the cavity and may be provided in a form similar to the vent of the previous embodiment of the present invention, the vent 10 being directed against the tornado-type spiral advancing air from the inflation inlet 6, such that The air flow enters the exhaust port 10 as much as possible with less resistance.
  • the exhaust port 10 discharges the peripheral gas of the tornado flow formed in the cavity.
  • the peripheral gas is not limited to air, and may contain a small amount of sample.
  • the opening direction of the exhaust port is close to the reverse direction of the velocity direction of the airflow at the exhaust port.
  • the sampling device may further comprise a filter screen at a first end on one side of the sampling inlet for blocking large particulate matter from entering the sampling inlet, the filter mesh comprising a coarse filter screen having rigid filtered large particles and filtering microparticles Fine filter.
  • the sampling device may further comprise a temperature control system for controlling the temperature within the chamber, comprising a heater for temperature rise disposed within the wall of the chamber and a temperature sensor for measuring temperature.
  • the sampling device may further comprise an insulating layer surrounding the wall of the cavity.
  • the cavity may be an integrally formed cavity, or may be a cavity formed by joining a plurality of components together by, for example, welding, riveting, etc., and the formation manner is not the cavity for the technical solution of the present invention.
  • the internal airflow has a substantial impact.
  • the cavity in this embodiment may also be provided with the same end caps 1, screens 3, 4, gas and exhaust gas pump 28, injection semipermeable membrane 11, temperature control system, insulation layer and the like as in the above embodiment.
  • the chamber in this embodiment may also include a mixing zone for carrier gas and sample mixing. That is, in the lower portion of the cavity, the cavity has a mixing zone which is spaced apart from the portion of the cavity used to form the tornado flow, for example, can be isolated using the semipermeable membrane 11.
  • Two pieces of mesh metal 12 may be provided to clamp the semipermeable membrane 11 to prevent the semipermeable membrane 12 from being broken by the air flow.
  • the lower portion 13 of the chamber may include a carrier gas passage 21 for injecting a carrier gas, and the incoming carrier gas is thoroughly mixed with the sample in the funnel.
  • the lower portion 13 of the chamber may also include an injection port 20 through which the collected sample and carrier gas are discharged, for example, after mixing and preheating.
  • the bottom end face of the cavity can be the same as the previous embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
  • the bottom end surface of the chamber includes an air pump interface 22, an exhaust pump port 23, a GC column/ion transfer tube port 24, a heater rod lead line 25, a temperature sensor lead line 26, an air vent 27, and a carrier gas port 36.
  • the air pump interface 22 and the exhaust pump port 23 may be respectively connected to a gas pump 28, such as an air pump and an exhaust pump, for continuously providing gas pressure to form a tornado flow inside the sampling device, wherein the exhaust pump flow rate is 10 times that of the air pump or higher.
  • the exhaust pump interface 23 is desirably arranged such that the air resistance is as small as possible so that the opening of the exhaust pump interface within the air guiding chamber is desirably facing the direction of the air flow such that the air flow easily flows into the exhaust pump interface.
  • the exhaust pump port 23 can also be used directly as an exhaust vent without the air pump 28.
  • several air outlets 27 can be designed.
  • the GC column/ion transfer tube interface 24 can be connected to the GC column or directly to the ion transfer tube.
  • the carrier gas line interface 36 is connected to the molecular sieve 35 to purify the carrier gas.
  • the frustoconical inner wall of a portion of the cavity in the present invention may not be strictly frustoconical, but may be a part of a sphere. That is to say, the inner wall of a part of the cavity is a curved surface, as long as the diameter of the inner wall of the cavity on the side of the sample is small, the diameter of the inner wall of the cavity on the side of the sample is large to form a tornado flow inside the cavity. .

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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种采样装置和气帘引导体（5）。采样装置包括：腔体（9），具有位于腔体（9）的第一端的吸入样品的采样入口和位于腔体（9）的与第一端相对的第二端附近的排出样品的样品出口（20）。腔体（9）还包括位于腔体（9）的壁内的充气入口（7）和排气口，充气入口（7）配置成向腔体（9）内吹入旋转气流，排气口配置成排出气体，以便与充气入口（7）一起在腔体（9）内形成龙卷风式气流，龙卷风式气流沿从腔体（9）的第一端至第二端螺旋式前进。此外，给腔体（9）设计加热温控系统，能使进入腔体（9）内的难挥发性物质快速气化进样。

Description

采样装置和气帘引导体 技术领域
本发明涉及检查系统，具体地，涉及一种对气载物质具有放大收集功能的龙卷风采样装置和气帘引导体。
背景技术
近年来气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)联用技术得到了迅猛发展，并在小型化、便携式、分析速度快等方面体现出了独特的优势，快速GC-IMS将是未来安全检测技术的重要发展方向。采用快速GC-IMS对样品进行检测，样品首先要通过采样装置，采样、进样装置和方法的好坏不仅会影响GC-IMS的应用范围而且还会影响其对被检物质的响应灵敏度，因此快速采样、进样技术是决定快速GC-IMS性能的关键技术之一。对于单独的离子迁移谱(IMS)技术目前已经发明了进样方式分为擦拭采样和直接吸入法。
IMS直接吸入的现有技术通常将IMS的进样口靠近样品，采用气泵直接抽取样品分子的气路结构，直接空气吸入离子迁移谱进行分析。IMS擦拭采样的现有技术通常采用一定柔韧度的耐高温擦拭纸，擦拭待检物质，然后将采样纸放进热解析进样器卡槽内，通过加热将采样纸上沾附的物质热解析出来。然而现有技术的采样方法存在不理想的方面，例如采样效率低，直接空气吸入的灵敏度不高，或者，有些方法仅适合对表面沾染的物质进行取样，不适合对痕量气体采样等。
本发明的采样装置采用截头圆锥形龙卷风发生器，产生类似于自然界中的漏斗形龙卷风，龙卷风气旋中心的气压比周围气压低近10倍，具有强大的吸吮作用，能实现对气载物质的放大收集。比现有的直接吸气采样技术的效率大大提高，因此可作为离子迁移(IMS)、气相色谱(GC)、快速GC-IMS的进样器，能实现不需开包在现场对携带的易挥发性、半挥发性及表面沾染的痕量物质进行集采样、进样。 这种一站式的检测技术既提高了检测速度又能避免安检中的隐私纷争，工作原理像嗅探犬，非常适合于机场、海关等的现场快速检测需求
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种采样装置和气帘引导体，克服上述现有技术中的部分缺点。
本发明的目的是提供一种对例如包裹中的挥发性、半挥发性物质、包裹表面沾染物的气载物质进行放大收集，从而免拆包的快速、高效的采样装置和气帘引导体。
根据本发明的一方面，本发明提供了一种采样装置，包括：腔体，具有位于腔体的第一端的吸入样品的采样入口和位于腔体的与第一端相对的第二端附近的排出样品的样品出口。腔体还包括位于腔体的壁内的充气入口和排气口，充气入口配置成向腔体内吹入气流，排气口配置成排出气体，以便与充气入口一起在腔体内形成龙卷风式气流，所述龙卷风式气流沿从腔体的第一端至第二端螺旋式前进。
根据本发明的一方面，部分腔体的内壁被形成为截头圆锥形形状，截头圆锥形内壁的小直径圆形端靠近腔体的采样入口，并且截头圆锥形内壁的大直径圆形端靠近样品出口。
根据本发明的一方面，充气入口配置成使得充气入口的轴向进气方向与腔体内壁的内表面接近相切，并且充气入口的轴向进气方向向样品出口侧倾斜。
根据本发明的一方面，排气口配置成排出在腔体内形成的龙卷风式气流的外围气体。
根据本发明的一方面，排气口的开口方向接近排气口处的气流的速度方向的反向。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括设置在腔体的第二端的混合腔部分，样品被送入混合腔部分通过进样口送入检测系统。
根据本发明的一方面，混合腔部分通过半透膜与腔体其他部分隔 开。
根据本发明的一方面，混合腔部分设置载气通道以向混合腔部分注入载气以便与样品混合。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括位于第一端的过滤网，过滤网用于阻挡大颗粒物质进入采样入口，所述过滤网包括具有刚性的过滤大颗粒的粗滤网和过滤微颗粒的细滤网。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括用于控制腔体内温度的控温系统，包括设置在腔体的壁内的用于升温的加热器和用于测量温度的温度传感器。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括包围腔体的壁的保温层。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括与充气入口连通的充气泵和与排气口连通的排气泵，其中排气泵流速是充气泵的10倍或更高。
根据本发明的另一实施例，提供一种采样装置，包括：导风腔，具有圆柱形内壁表面；端盖，配置成密封采样装置的第一端，端盖具有用于吸入样品的样品入口。采样装置还包括气帘引导体，设置在采样装置的第一端的样品入口附近并且与导风腔接合在一起，气帘引导体设置有充气入口用于向采样装置内吹入空气以便在气帘引导体和导风腔的内部空间内形成龙卷风式气流。
根据本发明的一方面，气帘引导体具有截头圆锥形内壁，采样装置的采样入口位于截头圆锥形内壁的较小直径的圆形端附近，并且截头圆锥形内壁的较大直径圆形端远离样品入口。
根据本发明的一方面，气帘引导体具有多个旋流孔，每个旋流孔的轴向方向与气帘引导体的内壁的内表面接近相切，并且每个旋流孔的轴向进气方向向远离样品入口侧倾斜。
根据本发明的一方面，导风腔还包括排气口，排气口配置在远离第一端的导风腔壁内以排出在导风腔内形成的龙卷风式气流的外围气体。
根据本发明的一方面，排气口的开口方向接近排气口处的气流的速度方向的反向。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括设置在采样装置的与第一 端相对的第二端的混合腔部分，样品被送入混合腔部分通过进样口送入检测系统。
根据本发明的一方面，混合腔部分通过半透膜与腔体其他部分隔开。
根据本发明的一方面，混合腔部分设置载气通道以向混合腔部分注入载气以便与样品混合。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括位于第一端的过滤网，过滤网用于阻挡大颗粒物质进入采样入口，所述过滤网包括具有刚性的过滤大颗粒的粗滤网和过滤微颗粒的细滤网。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括用于控制腔体内温度的控温系统，包括设置在腔体的壁内的用于升温的加热器和用于测量温度的温度传感器。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括包围腔体的壁的保温层。
根据本发明的一方面，采样装置还包括与充气入口连通的充气泵和与排气口连通的排气泵，其中排气泵流速是充气泵的10倍或更高。
根据本发明的一方面，气帘引导体限定环形空间，环形空间配置成容纳气体以在环形空间内形成气压，并通过充气入口向采样装置的内部空间充入气体。
根据本发明的另一实施例，提供一种用于根据上述的采样装置的气帘引导体。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的采样装置的截面图；
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的气帘引导体的截面图；
图3示出根据本发明的实施例的采样装置的外罩的底端面。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明容许各种修改和可替换的形式，但是它的具体的实施 例通过例子的方式在附图中示出，并且将详细地在本文中描述。然而，应该理解，随附的附图和详细的描述不是为了将本发明限制到公开的具体形式，而是相反，是为了覆盖落入由随附的权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围中的所有的修改、等同形式和替换形式。附图是为了示意，因而不是按比例地绘制的。
下面根据附图说明根据本发明的多个实施例。
图1是根据本发明的一个优选的实施例的龙卷风式采样装置的纵剖面示意图。如图1所示，一种对气载物质具有放大的收集功能的龙卷风式实时采样装置，包括：端盖1，具有孔；和，布置在端盖1上的压环2，压环2将粗滤网3和微滤网4安装在端盖1的开孔上面，以阻挡大颗粒物质进入采样装置内部。粗滤网不但可以过滤大的颗粒，而且具有较强的刚性，可以阻止来自外部环境的压力以及大颗粒的撞击。微滤网用于过滤细小的固体微粒或微颗粒。备选地，可以使用一体的端盖1，其中一体的端盖具有开口，或称为采样入口，并且采样入口布置有多孔元件3或4，以便阻挡大颗粒物质通过该端盖1。
根据本发明的采样装置还包括气帘引导体5，端盖1可以通过O型密封圈8封盖在旋转式的气帘引导体5的上面，以便将气帘引导体5的上环面密封。旋转式气帘引导体5具有圆筒式外侧壁，并且可以具有如图所示的截面呈漏斗形的内侧壁。换句话说，气帘引导体5可以是一个圆筒及其内一个漏斗式内侧壁的组合。备选地，气帘引导体5可以是一体形成的单件。漏斗式内侧壁与圆筒式外侧壁的夹角可以在20°～30°之间，然而其他夹角也是可选的。气帘引导体5的漏斗式内侧壁的下端面的直径至少是上端面直径的两倍。换句话说，漏斗式内侧壁形成的下开口的直径至少是上开口的直径的两倍。这种漏斗形的设计用于模拟形成龙卷风。气帘引导体5的漏斗式内侧壁的内侧面限定内部空间，即如图1所示的截面图中，两个如图所示的内侧壁之间的内部空间。
图2示出气帘引导体5的侧壁沿A-A的横截面示意图。如图2所示，气帘引导体5的漏斗式内侧壁的上端均匀布置多个旋流孔6，这些旋流孔6的轴向方向与漏斗的内侧壁接近相切，旋流孔6的轴线 与竖直方向的夹角在45°～90°之间。由此，旋流孔沿与气帘引导体5的漏斗式内侧壁相切并且向下(沿图1中示出的箭头方向)朝向，使得气体从旋流孔流出且沿漏斗式内侧壁相切的方向向下流动。
在气帘引导体5的圆筒式外侧壁上有充气入口7。旋转气帘引导体5的圆筒式外侧壁、漏斗式内侧壁以及端盖1包围一个环形空间。气体可以从充气入口7进入环形空间，然后环形空间的空气沿漏斗式内侧壁上的旋流孔6吹进气帘引导体5的漏斗形内部空间内，形成旋流气帘30。
在本实施例中，示出的是样品从上端吸入，从下端排出，充气气体气流从上向下螺旋流动。然而，这只是一个示例，当采样装置水平放置对着被检测物体时，例如采样入口对着位于采样装置左边的被检测物体时，气帘引导体5的小口一侧对着左侧被检测物体，此时漏斗形内壁9是横置的布置形式，样品从左向右前进。
根据本发明的实施例，气帘引导体5可以包括充气管通18。图1示出一种布置方式，充气管通18一端与充气入口7连通，另一端与充气用的气泵28连通。充气用的气泵28将空气风沿充气管通18过充气入口7送进环形空间，环形空间的空气风沿漏斗式内侧壁上的旋流孔6吹进漏斗形内部空间内形成旋流气帘30。
采样装置还包括导风腔9，导风腔具有圆柱形内壁。导风腔9通过O型密封圈嵌套在气帘引导体5下面。导风腔9与气帘引导体5可以以其他形式接合，只要不影响在导风腔中形成龙卷风式气流即可。龙卷风式气流是本领域技术人员已知的，即在气流的外围气体高速或至少快速地螺旋地旋转，即在横向截面上(在本实施例中导风腔的截面上)是旋转运动，同时在纵向方向上具有向前(在本实施例中从采样入口的一端至样品出口一端)运动的速度；同时气流中心或轴心处气体沿纵向方向向前被抽吸。导风腔9用于维持龙卷风式气旋并引导龙卷风式轴心吸吮的气载物质进入后续检测器件。如图1所示，旋流气帘30向下推进，进入导风腔9形成旋流气流31。龙卷风式旋转气流32沿着导风腔9流动，经导风腔9下端侧壁上的旋风出口10从排气泵接口23以及经排风口27排出。
采样装置还包括漏斗形底盖13，其通过O型密封圈8将导风腔9下端面口盖封。底盖13和导风腔9下端口之间设有半透膜11，半透膜11可以阻止吸入气载物质中的水分子、氨分子以及其他杂质污染物进入并污染后端的色谱柱或迁移管。此外，半透膜11还有限制团簇的形成，进而提高仪器的分辨率。
根据本发明的实施例，可以设置两片网状金属12，以便对半透膜11进行夹持保护，使半透膜12免受气流冲破。
漏斗形底盖13可以作为载气和样品的混合区或混合腔。漏斗形底盖13可以包括载气通道21，用于注入载气，进来的载气在漏斗中与样品充分混合。漏斗形底盖13还可以包括进样口20，采集的样品与载气例如在混合预热后通过进样口20排出。在某些情况下，样品和载气可以直接混合不需要加热而排出。
采样装置还包括设置在导风腔9上的保温套14，设置在导风腔9内的加热棒16以及温度传感器17，由此它们构成温控系统，可以对导风腔9进行控温，例如加热升温。温控系统可将腔体内的温度控制在50℃-250℃，高温有助于高沸点的气载物质快速气化并顺利通过半透膜，并且有利于气化样品和从漏斗式侧壁上的载气通道21进来的载气在漏斗中充分混合，能有效提高仪器对高沸点物质的检测极限。采集的样品与载气混合预热后被载气携带进入进样口20。旋转气帘引导体5、导风腔9、底盖13可采用热性能好的金属材料，其外保温套13可采用大约10mm厚的气凝胶或玻璃或陶瓷棉。可选地，可以采用聚四氟乙烯外罩15套罩在保温层13外。
图3示出外罩15的底端面，其包括充气泵接口22、排气泵接口23、GC柱/离子迁移管接口24、加热棒引出线25、温度传感器引出线26、排风口27以及载气管接口36。其中，充气泵接口22和排气泵接口23可以分别接一个气泵28，用于持续提供气体压力以便在采样装置内部形成龙卷风式气流。排气泵接口23期望布置成使得气阻尽可能小，因而排气泵接口在导风腔内的开口期望迎着气流的方向，使得气流容易地流入排气泵接口。排气泵接口23也可以不接气泵28直接用作排风口。为了使龙卷风式吸引放大的气流排出，可以多设计 几个排风口27。GC柱/离子迁移管接口24可以接GC柱也可以直接接离子迁移管。载气管接口36接分子筛35以便使得载气得到净化。
如图所示的气泵28的功率可按需调节。由于龙卷风式具有气体收集放大功能，排气泵的流速是充气泵的10倍以上。
为了避免充气泵28充入的空气流对从采样目标33上吸吮的目标成分造成干扰，一方面可以将充气泵采集的空气源距离采样目标33尽可能远，如可用能伸缩转向的软导管将气泵和采样端孔拉开距离，另一方面可以对进入充气泵的空气进行过滤净化，避免气体交叉污染，提高采样仪器的定位采样的灵敏性。
以下说明根据本发明的实施例的对气体具有放大收集功能的龙卷风式采样装置的采样、进样过程。
将本发明的采样装置的前端孔在5～10cm的地方对准采样目标33，同时打开充气和排气气泵28。充气气流29沿充气管通过充气入口7充入气帘引导体5的环形空间内，在气泵28的持续的风压下在环形空间内产生气体压力，在气压作用下，空气沿气帘引导体5上的旋流孔6吹进漏斗内部空间内，由于旋流孔6的特定构造，空气沿特定方向吹入内部空间中，由此形成漏斗形旋转气帘30。在气泵28的不断吹入空气的情况下，不断形成的旋转气帘30沿着导风腔9内壁移动，即，绕导风腔9的中心轴线32快速旋转并同时向下移动，形成龙卷风式气流31。由于旋转形成的离心力的作用，龙卷风式气流的中心气压显著地减小，例如，中心轴线32的气压比周围气压低大约10倍，由此在导风腔9的中心轴线处将产生很大的抽吸力。抽吸力可使得被采样的目标33附近内的气载物质从导风腔9的前端孔周围被吸入导风腔9的风轴中心附近，并形成样品气柱，沿龙卷风式气流的中心轴线32向下移动，最终样品到达进样半透膜11。这个过程类似于自然界中龙卷风式的“龙取水”。
一方面，采集的样品经半透膜11进入底盖13的漏斗形的腔内，在预热的情况快速气化并与从底盖13的侧壁中的载气通道21进来的载气气流37充分混合，之后载气携带样品进入进样接口20。
另一方面，对于龙卷风式气流31的旋转中心的外围的气体，在 龙卷风式气流31外围形成气旋沿导风腔9侧壁运动，在导风腔底部时，外围气旋的气体进入出口10，这部分气体形成旋风出气流34经排风口27排出。出口10设置成朝向气旋的气流方向，在图1中示出的方位中，出口10可以斜向上，并且出口可以不是朝向腔体中心而是偏向内壁的切线方向，以便出口的开口方向更接近地朝向气流在出口处的速度方向。也就是说，虽然出口10的开口方向并没有严格与气流在出口处的速度方向相反，但是出口10的开口方向接近气流在出口处的速度方向的反向，以便气体更容易地进入出口10中被排出。
通过这个过程，采样装置持续地抽吸样品分子，如此实现对气载物质的放大采集。
这种具有气体放大收集功能的龙卷风式实时采样装置可直接用作IMS，GC，MS，GC-IMS，GC-MS等分析仪器的进样器，在此不再赘述。
下面说明书根据本发明的另一实施例。本实施例与以上所述的实施例类似，为了清楚下面仅描述其中不同的部分。
在根据本发明的实施例中，采样装置包括第一端和与第一端相对的第二端。采样装置包括腔体9，腔体的一部分5为漏斗形或截头圆锥形。具体地，腔体包括位于第一端附近的吸入样品的采样入口和位于第二端附近的排出样品的样品出口20。腔体9的采样入口位于截头圆锥形的内壁9的较小直径的圆形端部附近，并且截头圆锥形的内壁的较大直径圆形端部较靠近样品出口。
换句话说，漏斗形内壁9的小口径端用于对着样品，而大口径端朝向排出样品的样品出口。值得注意的是，在图中示出的腔体的方位是采样入口在上，排出样品的样品出口在下，因而漏斗形内壁9是倒置的漏斗布置形式。然而，这只是一种示例，当采样装置水平放置对着被检测物体时，例如采样入口对着位于采样装置左边的被检测物体时，漏斗形内壁9的小口一侧对着左侧被检测物体，此时漏斗形内壁9是横置的布置形式。
腔体还设有充气入口6，充气入口6配置成向腔体内吹入气流以便在腔体内产生龙卷风式气流。腔体还设有排气口10，排气口配置 成排出气体以便与充气入口6一起在腔体内形成龙卷风式气流。具体地，充气入口6配置成使得充气入口6的轴向进气方向沿与腔体内壁的内表面接近相切，并且充气入口6的轴向进气方向朝向样品出口倾斜，如图2示意地示出的。
在本实施例中可以不单独设置气帘引导体5，然而，通过在腔体内壁的靠近样品入口附近设置如上所述的充气入口6以及相应的进气通道也可以实现与上述气帘引导体5类似的效果。进一步，可以在腔体内部中形成如上述实施例中描述的气帘引导体的环形空间，环形空间配置成容纳气体以在环形空间内形成气压，并通过充气入口向采样装置的内部空间充入气体。
排气口10位于腔体的壁内，其设置形式可以与本发明的前面的实施例中的排气口类似，排气口10对着来自充气入口6的龙卷风式的螺旋前进的气流，使得气流尽可能地在较小阻力下进入排气口10。排气口10排出在腔体内形成的龙卷风式气流的外围气体。外围气体并不限定为空气，其中可能含有少量的样品。排气口的开口方向接近排气口处的气流的速度方向的反向。
采样装置可以还包括位于采样入口一侧的第一端的过滤网，过滤网用于阻挡大颗粒物质进入采样入口，所述过滤网包括具有刚性的过滤大颗粒的粗滤网和过滤微颗粒的细滤网。
采样装置可以还包括用于控制腔体内温度的控温系统，包括设置在腔体的壁内的用于升温的加热器和用于测量温度的温度传感器。采样装置可以还包括包围腔体的壁的保温层。在本实施例中腔体可以是一体形成的腔体，也可以是通过例如焊接、铆接等方式将多个部件接合在一起形成的腔体，对于本发明的技术方案这些形成方式并不对腔体内部的气流产生实质的影响。
本实施例中的腔体也可以设置与以上实施例相同的例如端盖1、滤网3、4、充气和排气气泵28、进样半透膜11、温控系统、保温层等。本实施例中的腔体还可以包括用于载气和样品混合的混合区。即，在腔体的下部，腔体具有混合区，混合区与腔体用于形成龙卷风式气流的部分隔开，例如可以使用半透膜11进行隔离。根据本实施例， 可以设置两片网状金属12，以便对半透膜11进行夹持保护，使半透膜12免受气流冲破。腔体的下部13可以包括载气通道21，用于注入载气，进来的载气在漏斗中与样品充分混合。腔体的下部13还可以包括进样口20，采集的样品与载气例如在混合预热后通过进样口20排出。类似地，腔体的底端面可以与本发明前面的实施例相同，如图3所示。腔体的底端面包括充气泵接口22、排气泵接口23、GC柱/离子迁移管接口24、加热棒引出线25、温度传感器引出线26、排风口27以及载气管接口36。充气泵接口22和排气泵接口23可以分别接一个气泵28，例如充气泵和排气泵，用于持续提供气体压力以便在采样装置内部形成龙卷风式气流，其中排气泵流速是充气泵的10倍或更高。排气泵接口23期望布置成使得气阻尽可能小，因而排气泵接口在导风腔内的开口期望迎着气流的方向，使得气流容易地流入排气泵接口。排气泵接口23也可以不接气泵28直接用作排风口。为了使龙卷风式吸引放大的气流排出，可以多设计几个排风口27。GC柱/离子迁移管接口24可以接GC柱也可以直接接离子迁移管。载气管接口36接分子筛35以便使得载气得到净化。
此外，根据本发明的又一实施例，本发明中的腔体的一部分的截头圆锥形内壁可以不是严格的截头圆锥形，而可以是球形的一部分。也就是说，腔体的一部分的内壁是弧面，只要样品进入一侧的腔体内壁的直径较小，排出样品一侧的腔体内壁直径较大以便在腔体内部形成龙卷风式气流即可。
虽然本总体专利构思的一些实施例已被显示和说明，本领域普通技术人员将理解，在不背离本总体专利构思的原则和精神的情况下，可对这些实施例做出改变，本发明的范围以权利要求和它们的等同物限定。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种采样装置，包括：腔体，具有位于腔体的第一端的吸入样品的采样入口和位于腔体的与第一端相对的第二端附近的排出样品的样品出口，其特征在于，
    腔体还包括位于腔体的壁内的充气入口和排气口，充气入口配置成向腔体内吹入选择气流，排气口配置成排出气体，以便与充气入口一起在腔体内形成龙卷风式气流，所述龙卷风式气流沿从腔体的第一端至第二端螺旋式前进。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    部分腔体的内壁被形成为截头圆锥形形状，截头圆锥形内壁的小直径圆形端靠近腔体的采样入口，并且截头圆锥形内壁的大直径圆形端靠近样品出口。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    充气入口配置成使得充气入口的轴向进气方向与腔体内壁的内表面接近相切，并且充气入口的轴向进气方向向样品出口侧倾斜。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    排气口配置成排出在腔体内形成的龙卷风式气流的外围气体。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    排气口的开口方向接近排气口处的气流的速度方向的反向。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括设置在腔体的第二端的混合腔部分，样品被送入混合腔部分通过进样口送入检测系统。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    混合腔部分通过半透膜与腔体其他部分隔开。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    混合腔部分设置载气通道以向混合腔部分注入载气以便与样品混合。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括位于第一端的过滤网，过滤网用于阻挡大颗粒物质进入采样入口，所述过滤网包括具有刚性的过滤大颗粒的粗滤网和 过滤微颗粒的细滤网。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括用于控制腔体内温度的控温系统，包括设置在腔体的壁内的用于升温的加热器和用于测量温度的温度传感器。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括包围腔体的壁的保温层。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括与充气入口连通的充气泵和与排气口连通的排气泵，其中排气泵流速是充气泵的10倍或更高。
  13. 一种采样装置，包括：
    导风腔，具有圆柱形内壁表面；
    端盖，配置成密封采样装置的第一端，端盖具有用于吸入样品的样品入口，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括气帘引导体，设置在采样装置的第一端的样品入口附近并且与导风腔接合在一起，气帘引导体设置有充气入口用于向采样装置内吹入空气以便在气帘引导体和导风腔的内部空间内形成龙卷风式气流。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    气帘引导体具有截头圆锥形内壁，采样装置的采样入口位于截头圆锥形内壁的较小直径的圆形端附近，并且截头圆锥形内壁的较大直径圆形端远离样品入口。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    气帘引导体具有多个旋流孔，每个旋流孔的轴向方向与气帘引导体的内壁的内表面接近相切，并且每个旋流孔的轴向进气方向向远离样品入口侧倾斜。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    导风腔还包括排气口，排气口配置在远离第一端的导风腔壁内以排出在导风腔内形成的龙卷风式气流的外围气体。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    排气口的开口方向接近排气口处的气流的速度方向的反向。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括设置在采样装置的与第一端相对的第二端的混合腔部分，样品被送入混合腔部分通过进样口送入检测系统。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    混合腔部分通过半透膜与腔体其他部分隔开。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    混合腔部分设置载气通道以向混合腔部分注入载气以便与样品混合。
  21. 根据权利要求13所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括位于第一端的过滤网，过滤网用于阻挡大颗粒物质进入采样入口，所述过滤网包括具有刚性的过滤大颗粒的粗滤网和过滤微颗粒的细滤网。
  22. 根据权利要求13所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括用于控制腔体内温度的控温系统，包括设置在腔体的壁内的用于升温的加热器和用于测量温度的温度传感器。
  23. 根据权利要求13所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括包围腔体的壁的保温层。
  24. 根据权利要求13所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    采样装置还包括与充气入口连通的充气泵和与排气口连通的排气泵，其中排气泵流速是充气泵的10倍或更高。
  25. 根据权利要求13所述的采样装置，其特征在于，
    气帘引导体限定环形空间，环形空间配置成容纳气体以在环形空间内形成气压，并通过充气入口向采样装置的内部空间充入气体。
  26. 一种用于根据权利要求13-25中任一项所述的采样装置的气帘引导体。
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