WO2016111245A1 - 測量機 - Google Patents
測量機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016111245A1 WO2016111245A1 PCT/JP2016/000035 JP2016000035W WO2016111245A1 WO 2016111245 A1 WO2016111245 A1 WO 2016111245A1 JP 2016000035 W JP2016000035 W JP 2016000035W WO 2016111245 A1 WO2016111245 A1 WO 2016111245A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- wavelength
- surveying instrument
- surveying
- emitted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/32—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S17/36—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
- G01C3/02—Details
- G01C3/06—Use of electric means to obtain final indication
- G01C3/08—Use of electric radiation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C7/00—Tracing profiles
- G01C7/06—Tracing profiles of cavities, e.g. tunnels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surveying instrument, and more particularly to a surveying instrument used for surveying a curved trajectory such as surveying a tunnel trajectory in tunnel construction.
- a parallel light beam from the laser oscillator of the main unit installed at the entrance of the tunnel is irradiated toward the intermediate prism unit of the sub unit installed in the tunnel.
- Two wedge prisms are mounted in the intermediate prism unit of the slave unit.
- the light beam emitted from the master unit is irradiated to the intermediate prism unit of the next slave unit by appropriately rotating the two wedge prisms to change the traveling direction of light vertically and horizontally.
- Whether the intermediate prism unit is irradiated with light is determined by measuring a signal of a photodetector provided around the wedge prism pair through which the light should pass.
- a plurality of slave units installed in a line along the tunnel repeatedly deflects the light beam between the intermediate prism units, and along the curved path of the tunnel, the light beam is the slave unit at the final target point at the tip of the tunnel.
- the side closer to the parent device is referred to as upstream, and the side far from the parent device is referred to as downstream.
- the trajectory of the tunnel can be obtained from the rotation angle of the wedge prism pair in the intermediate prism unit of each slave unit.
- the position of the slave unit on the downstream side as viewed from the master unit (vertical angle, horizontal angle, distance between the slave units), the light beam It is necessary to know the values of the six parameters of the posture (pitching, rolling, yawing) expressed as the angle formed by the optical axis and the reference line of the surveying instrument.
- the method using the conventional wedge prism only two values of the vertical angle and the horizontal angle can be known.
- distance, pitching and rolling are measured using other surveying methods. Therefore, surveying in the tunnel is time-consuming and reduces the efficiency of surveying.
- there was no measuring means for yawing which was an error factor when the number of slave units was increased.
- the object of the present invention is to provide all or part of the necessary position and orientation parameters in a surveying system in which slave units that relay light beams are arranged in a row, and to improve the surveying efficiency while reducing the error factor and increasing the surveying accuracy. Is to realize the surveying instrument.
- one embodiment of the present invention includes one or more outlets capable of emitting light from a wavelength tunable light source, light emitted from an adjacent surveying instrument, or reflected light.
- a surveying instrument having one or a plurality of light receiving portions for receiving light, wherein the light emitted from the outlet is a fan-shaped pattern, and the emission angle is monotonous in the direction perpendicular to the fan-shaped direction and the wavelength of the light. Relative to the surveying instrument by calculating the wavelength emitted by the adjacent surveying instrument and received by the adjacent surveying instrument or the wavelength received by the surveying instrument that emitted the light reflected by the adjacent surveying instrument. Measuring at least one of a target positional relationship and a posture parameter.
- FIG. 1A is a top view showing an optical wavelength sweeper that generates a fan-shaped sweep light whose emission angle varies as a monotonic function of the wavelength of the light
- FIG. 1B is a side view showing an optical wavelength sweeper that generates a fan-shaped sweep light whose emission angle varies as a monotonic function of the wavelength of the light
- FIG. 2 is a top view showing an optical wavelength sweeper that emits fan-shaped sweep light in front of and behind the surveying instrument
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a light beam relationship between a slave unit (surveying instrument) that emits light and a slave unit adjacent to the front and rear
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing the arrangement of light outlets and light receiving parts of the slave unit, FIG.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing an arrangement of light outlets and light receiving units of the slave unit
- Fig. 5 shows the layout of surveying instruments in tunnel construction.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the light receiving unit of the slave unit that enables distance measurement between surveying instruments by trigonometry
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method for obtaining a light receiving wavelength from a light receiving timing using a wavelength swept light source;
- FIG. 8A is a diagram showing an arrangement of light receiving parts of a slave unit that enables distance measurement between surveying instruments by a time-of-flight method;
- FIG. 8B is a diagram showing the arrangement of the light receiving unit of the slave unit that enables distance measurement between surveying instruments by the time-of-flight method;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an apparatus for modulating the intensity of a wavelength swept light source at a high frequency
- FIG. 10 is a top view showing an optical wavelength sweeper when measuring the distance between surveying instruments by the time-of-flight method
- FIG. 11A is a diagram showing a reflected signal from a retroreflector
- FIG. 11B is a diagram showing a reference signal from the retroreflector
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a sweep light pattern for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation
- FIG. 13A is a top view of the upper layer showing the configuration of the slave unit for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation
- FIG. 13B is a top view of the lower layer showing the configuration of the slave unit for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation
- FIG. 13A is a top view of the upper layer showing the configuration of the slave unit for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation
- FIG. 13B is a top view of the lower layer showing the configuration of the slave unit for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation
- FIG. 13C is a side view showing the configuration of the slave unit for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation
- FIG. 13D is a diagram showing a rear-facing surface of the slave unit for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation
- FIG. 13E is a diagram showing a front-facing surface of the slave unit for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example in the case of one surveying instrument.
- optical wavelength sweeper 1A and 1B show an optical wavelength sweeper that generates a fan-shaped sweep light whose emission angle varies as a monotonic function of the wavelength of light. All or part of the light emitted from the wavelength tunable light source of the master unit is branched and guided into the slave unit using the optical fiber 1. When a part of the light is branched, the remaining light is transmitted to the slave unit further downstream by another optical fiber.
- the optical wavelength sweeper collimates the diffused light emitted from the end of the optical fiber 1 by the collimator lens 2 and then enters the transmissive diffraction grating 3.
- the grating vector of the diffraction grating 3 is in the xz plane in FIG.
- the incident angle with respect to the normal of the plane of the diffraction grating 3 is ⁇
- the grating pitch is ⁇
- the wavelength of light is ⁇
- fan-shaped sweep light 5 is generated by spreading the diffracted light into a fan shape in the xy plane by the cylindrical concave lens 4.
- the fan-shaped sweep light 5 is emitted with its traveling direction changed depending on the wavelength in the direction perpendicular to the fan-shaped spread (y-axis direction) (z-axis direction) and swept.
- the cylindrical concave lens 4 is installed so as to have lens power in the y-axis direction of the xy plane in FIG.
- a cylindrical convex lens may be used instead of the cylindrical concave lens. In this case, the light is once condensed at the focal position, but becomes a fan-shaped emitted light at a distance.
- FIG. 2 shows an optical wavelength sweeper that emits fan-shaped sweep light both in front and behind the surveying instrument.
- a half mirror 6a and a mirror 6b are added, and the light reflected by the half mirror 6a is emitted forward as the front emission light 5a through the cylindrical concave lens 4a.
- the light reflected by the mirror 6b after passing through the half mirror 6a is emitted rearward as the rear emission light 5b through the cylindrical concave lens 4b.
- cylindrical concave lens 4a may be rotated between the grating 3 and the half mirror 6 by rotating 90 ° around the y-axis. Thereby, the cylindrical concave lens 4b can be omitted.
- a cylindrical convex lens is used instead of the cylindrical concave lens.
- FIG. 3 shows a light beam relationship between a slave unit (surveying instrument) that emits light and a slave unit (surveying instrument) adjacent to the front and rear.
- the front (ie, downstream) handset is referred to as handset A
- the rear (ie, upstream) handset is referred to as handset C.
- All slave units must be arranged within the tunnel so that the front and rear slave units can be seen.
- the “viewable range” means a range in which fan-shaped light emitted from an arbitrary slave unit is swept within the wavelength variable range and reaches an adjacent slave unit.
- the front viewing angle is determined by the cylindrical concave lens, and the “beam sweep angle” is determined by the diffraction grating and the variable wavelength range. And is limited by The subunit
- mobile_unit A must be in a front viewing angle. The same applies to the rear line of sight of the child device C from the child device B, and the child device C must be within the rear viewing angle.
- FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show an example of the simplest light outlet and receiver arrangement of the slave (surveying instrument).
- the light emitted from the slave unit B is received by the light receiving unit 12 on the surface 11 facing the rear side of the slave unit A (FIG. 4A) and the light receiving unit 22 on the surface 21 facing the front side of the slave unit C (FIG. 4B). It is.
- the angle of the slave unit A with respect to the slave unit B is And the angle of the subunit
- mobile_unit B can be calculated
- the angle of the slave unit C with respect to the slave unit B can be read as “the attitude of the slave unit B with respect to the slave unit C”.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the arrangement of surveying instruments in tunnel construction.
- a reference machine 53 connected to the main unit 52 by an optical fiber and electric wiring 54 is installed in the ridge 32, and is connected in a daisy chain by an optical fiber and electric wiring 54 in a tunnel 31 formed by digging by an underground excavator 51.
- the slave units (A to D) 55a to 55d thus arranged are arranged.
- Wavelength swept light is supplied from the wavelength swept light source of the main unit 52 to the reference unit 53 and the sub units 55a to 55d via an optical fiber.
- the reference machine 53 placed on the ground 32 determines the reference coordinates for all tunnel construction, and determines the excavation direction based on the survey result on the ground surface 33.
- It may be a surveying instrument in which a master unit 52 having a wavelength swept light source and a control system and a reference unit 53 are integrated, or a surveying instrument in which the most upstream slave unit (D) 55d and the reference unit 53 are integrated. .
- the slave unit 55d receives light emitted from the reference unit 53 toward the slave unit 55d, and knows the wavelength of the received light, whereby the position of the slave unit 55d is obtained in the coordinate system determined by the reference unit 53.
- the reference unit 53 receives the light emitted from the slave unit 55d and knows the wavelength of the received light, whereby the position of the reference unit 53 relative to the slave unit 55d can be obtained.
- the “position of the reference machine with respect to the child machine” is nothing other than “the attitude of the child machine with respect to the reference machine”.
- the position of the slave unit 55d (only the angle that changes according to the wavelength) and the attitude of the slave unit 55d (only the angle that changes according to the wavelength) are determined.
- the slave unit 55c receives light from the slave unit 55d
- the position of the slave unit 55c is known
- the slave unit 55d receives light from the slave unit 55c
- the attitude of the slave unit 55c is known.
- the operations for determining the position and orientation are sequentially repeated from the upstream slave unit to the downstream slave unit, and the position and orientation parameters of each slave unit are obtained.
- the position and orientation parameters of the slave unit can be known only from an angle that changes according to the wavelength.
- the “angle changing according to the wavelength” it is desirable to adopt a direction in which the rotation axis is parallel to gravity (that is, the vertical direction, and the rotation surface of the angle is a horizontal plane).
- the light spreading in a fan shape in the vertical direction is diffracted in the horizontal direction, and the position (angle) in the horizontal plane and the attitude of the slave (yawing) with respect to the optical axis in the horizontal plane can be measured.
- the distance between the slave units can be measured when the slave unit is pushed into the tunnel.
- the height can be measured by placing a pipe inside the road and measuring the hydrostatic pressure at each location.
- pitching and rolling can be replaced with a level that measures an angle with respect to gravity.
- the light receiving unit and the light source are devised, other parameters can be measured, the convenience as a surveying instrument can be improved, and the surveying efficiency as well as the surveying accuracy can be improved. .
- the structure for that is shown below.
- FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of the light receiving units of the slave unit that enables the measurement of the distance between the slave units by trigonometry using a plurality of light receiving units.
- the light beam emitted forward from the upstream slave unit is received by two light receiving portions 62a and 62b provided on the surface 61 facing the rear side of the adjacent slave unit and separated by a distance G in the sweep direction of the light beam.
- a wavelength swept light source whose wavelength reciprocates in a predetermined wavelength range at a constant period is used.
- FIG. 7 shows the wavelength change of the light source and the light reception signal of one light receiving portion of the light receiving side slave unit.
- the wavelength and the angle correspond one-to-one, so that the same wavelength is used twice during the sweep from the short wavelength to the long wavelength and the sweep from the long wavelength to the short wavelength within one period.
- T1 the light reception time at the time of sweeping from the long wavelength to the short wavelength
- T2 ⁇ T1 is a function of the wavelength.
- the wavelength can be obtained. However, it is assumed that the wavelength dependency of the wavelength in the swept light source is obtained.
- a method using a narrow-band bandpass filter that transmits only a specific wavelength ( ⁇ B ) and an optical path length difference L interferometer will be described.
- the master unit apart from most of the light distributed to the slave unit, about 1% of light is input to the photodetector (PD B ) and interferometer via the bandpass filter, and the electrical signals output from each are input.
- the oscilloscope trigger is obtained from the sweep start signal of the wavelength swept light source to distinguish whether the signal on the oscilloscope is a signal when sweeping from a short wavelength to a long wavelength or a signal when sweeping from a long wavelength to a short wavelength.
- the wavelength is ⁇ B
- one period of the periodic signal appearing in Ch2 is a change in the wave number of light of 2 ⁇ / L.
- the wavelength ( ⁇ ) at time t (t> t B ) is
- m is the number of peaks Ch2 between t and t B (0 or a positive integer), xi] remaining period length of the the unit as radians (0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ).
- the sweep speed ( ⁇ / ⁇ t) of the wavelength at each wavelength is obtained from (Equation 2). Therefore, the sweep angular velocity ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the fan beam is obtained from (Equation 1). Use that t) is required.
- the distance between the centers of the two light receiving portions (C, D) 62a and 62b is represented by G.
- Light receiving portion C, lambda respective photosensitive wavelength of D C, ⁇ D, respectively receiving time t C, as t D, at the mean wavelength ⁇ m ( ( ⁇ C + ⁇ D) / 2), the sweep velocity of the fan beam From ( ⁇ m / ⁇ t), the distance between the slave units (L D ) is
- the measurement can be repeated and the number of measurements (N) can be increased. If the average of the measured distances is taken, the standard deviation of the measurement error decreases in inverse proportion to the square root of the number of measurements. Measurement accuracy can be improved.
- FIG. 8A shows the arrangement of the light receiving units of the slave units that enable distance measurement between surveying instruments by the time-of-flight method.
- a retro-reflector R an optical reflecting element that always reflects incident light, such as a corner cube prism
- the light is reflected backward by 72 and received by the light receiving unit 82 adjacent to the vicinity of the light outlet 83 provided on the surface 81 facing the front of the upstream handset (FIG. 8B).
- the intensity of the light source must be modulated in some way.
- FIG. 9 shows an apparatus for modulating the intensity of the wavelength swept light source at a high frequency.
- the light emitted from the wavelength swept light source 91 is incident on an optical amplifier 94 such as a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), and the amplification factor of the optical amplifier 94 is modulated by a high frequency generator 92 via a current amplifier 95.
- SOA semiconductor optical amplifier
- Fig. 10 shows an optical wavelength sweeper for measuring the distance between surveying instruments by the time-of-flight method.
- a photodetector in the optical wavelength sweeper in the upstream handset.
- slightly reflected light or zeroth-order transmitted light is received by the photodetector PD to obtain a reference signal. This reflected light is ideally non-existent, but is actually present because the surface non-reflective coating cannot be perfect.
- a fiber coupler or the like is inserted into the optical fiber 1 in the slave unit to branch a part of the incident light, and the branched light is used as the reference light. May be input to the photodetector PD.
- FIG. 11A shows a reflected signal received from the reflected light from the intensity-modulated retroreflector
- FIG. 11B illustrates a reference signal.
- the reflected signal is not received unless the emitted light is at an angle (wavelength) that irradiates the retroreflector of the adjacent slave unit.
- a reflected signal is generated in a pulse shape only at a specific time as shown in the PD output of FIG.
- the pulsed reflected signal received at the light receiving angle is intensity modulated.
- the reference signal appears as a signal that constantly repeats vibration in the period of intensity modulation.
- intensity-modulated light not only enables distance measurement by the time-of-flight method, but also uses a band-pass filter that extracts only frequency components that are comparable to the light modulation period when determining the light reception angle. Therefore, there is an advantage that noise resistance is increased.
- the unknown value M is obtained from the condition that when the phase difference ( ⁇ 1 ) at another frequency (f 1 ) is obtained, the same expression (Expression 8) as that of (Expression 7) is established with the integer M 1. Can do.
- the reflected signal in order to obtain the phase difference of intensity modulation between the reflected signal and the reference signal, the reflected signal must include a plurality of cycles of intensity modulation as shown in FIG.
- the frequency of intensity modulation needs to be an overwhelmingly large value compared to the frequency of wavelength sweep.
- the trigonometric method can be repeated as many times as given by the frequency sweep frequency x measurement time. If the average of the measured distances is taken, the square root of the number of measurements is obtained. In inverse proportion, measurement error is reduced. In this way, in addition to the position (angle) in the horizontal plane and yawing, the trigonometric method and the time-of-flight measurement method can be applied as a method of measuring the distance between the slave units.
- a vertical position (angle) can be obtained by emitting a light beam with a vertical (longitudinal) light sweep pattern.
- FIG. 12 shows two light sweep patterns for measuring all six parameters of position and orientation.
- a pattern that sweeps light extending in a fan shape in the vertical direction in the horizontal direction and a pattern that sweeps light that fan-shaped in the horizontal direction in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 13A to 13E show the configuration of a surveying instrument (slave unit) capable of surveying all six parameters.
- the light input from the optical fiber connection portion Fin is collimated by a collimator, and then separated into two by a half mirror HM1.
- the light reflected by the half mirror HM1 is diffracted laterally by the transmissive diffraction grating G1 as a lateral sweep, and then separated into two parts by the half mirror HM2.
- the transmitted light of the half mirror HM2 is spread in a fan shape in the vertical direction by a cylindrical concave lens or a cylindrical convex lens having a lens power in the vertical direction, and becomes a laterally swept light emitted forward.
- the reflected light of the half mirror HM2 is further reflected by the mirror M1, spreads in a fan shape in the vertical direction by a cylindrical concave lens or a cylindrical convex lens having a lens power in the vertical direction, and becomes backward laterally swept light emitted backward.
- a cylindrical convex lens it is once condensed at the focal position, and then becomes fan-shaped emission light.
- the transmitted light is swept upward by the mirror M2 as a vertical sweep, and diffracted by the transmissive diffraction grating G2 in the vertical direction as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13D. Is done.
- the diffracted light is separated into two parts by the half mirror HM3.
- the transmitted light of the half mirror HM3 is spread in a fan shape in the horizontal direction by a cylindrical concave lens having a lens power in the horizontal direction, and becomes backward vertical sweep light emitted backward.
- the reflected light of the half mirror HM3 is reflected by the mirror M3, spreads in a fan shape in the horizontal direction by a cylindrical concave lens having a lens power in the horizontal direction, and becomes forward vertical sweep light emitted forward.
- the slave unit that emits light is the slave unit B
- the slave unit in the front is the slave unit A
- the slave unit in the back is the slave unit C
- the front laterally swept light that is emitted forward from the slave unit B is
- the rolling of the slave unit A with respect to the slave unit B can be obtained from the time difference between PD1 and PD2 of the slave unit A.
- the vertical position (angle) of the slave unit A with respect to the slave unit B can be known from the time of the longitudinal vertical sweep light of the slave unit B received by the PD 1 of the slave unit A.
- the attitude (pitching) of the slave unit B with respect to the slave unit C can be known from the time when the PD 5 of the slave unit C receives the backward vertical sweep light emitted backward from the slave unit B.
- the lateral angle and yawing can be obtained using the lateral sweep light.
- the distance can also be obtained from the time difference at which the laterally swept light is received by PD1 and PD3 by applying distance measurement by trigonometry. It is also possible to use distance measurement by intensity modulation. In this way, it is possible to realize a surveying instrument that measures the values of all six parameters of position and orientation all at once with high accuracy, and greatly improves the surveying accuracy and surveying efficiency in surveying such as tunnels compared to conventional methods. An improved surveying system can be realized.
- a surveying instrument in tunnel construction, is arranged in the tunnel, and a plurality of parameters such as the relative position and orientation of the surveying instrument are obtained, whereby the trajectory of the tunnel can be obtained.
- the accuracy and efficiency of surveying can be greatly improved.
- a grating of 1200 lines / mm is selected as the transmissive diffraction grating 3.
- a variable wavelength light source whose wavelength can be changed from 1260 nm to 1360 nm is used.
- the light of the wavelength tunable light source can be selected by an optical switch provided in each slave unit to be emitted from the slave unit in which the optical switch is built or supplied to a downstream slave unit.
- an anamorphic prism pair that doubles the beam diameter in the plane is inserted between the collimator lens 2 and the transmissive diffraction grating 3, and an elliptical collimator of 4 ⁇ 8 mm.
- the angle between the normal line of the diffraction grating 3 and the incident light is 55 °.
- the diffraction angle at 1310 m which is the center wavelength, is 48.8 °
- the cross section of the diffracted light is an ellipse of 4 ⁇ 9.2 mm.
- the wavelength is 1260 nm
- the diffraction angle is 43.8 °
- the wavelength is 1360 nm
- the diffraction angle is 54.4 °
- an angle of 10 ° or more can be covered.
- the focal length of the cylindrical concave lens 4 that passes when it is emitted forward and backward is set to ⁇ 55 mm, and the emitted light is spread in a fan shape with a spread angle of ⁇ 2 ° up and down.
- the light receiving part selects the arrangement shown in FIG.
- the cross section of the front and rear facing surfaces is 50 ⁇ 50 mm, and the light receiving portions 62a and 62b are circular with a diameter of 12 mm.
- the light outlet 63 is a rectangle of 5 mm length ⁇ 15 mm width.
- the lateral angle of the slave unit A with respect to the slave unit B is obtained.
- the wavelength is input in the unit of nm.
- the distance (L D ) between handset A and handset B is
- the optical switch is switched, the light passing through the optical fiber from the wavelength variable light source is input to the slave unit A, and the light emitted from the surface facing the rear side of the slave unit A is received on the surface facing the front side of the slave unit B. Receive light at.
- the wavelength at which the light receiving unit receives the maximum light amount is obtained.
- the wavelength is ⁇ 3 , it is measured that the slave unit A is inclined with respect to the slave unit B by sin ⁇ 1 (0.83333 ⁇ 3 -0.81915) in the horizontal plane.
- Example 2 As the light source, a wavelength swept light source that reciprocates a wavelength of 1260 nm to 1360 nm at a frequency of 2 kHz is used.
- the optical system of the slave unit is the same as that of the first embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment is that the same light receiving unit receives the maximum light amount when sweeping from a short wavelength to a long wavelength and the time when the maximum light amount is received when sweeping from a long wavelength to a short wavelength. In other words, the light receiving wavelength is obtained. Since the frequency is 2 kHz, 80,000 times of measurement can be performed in 40 seconds, and the error is reduced to 1/283 by averaging the measured values.
- the diameter of the light receiving portion is 12 mm
- an error of about 1/10 of the diameter, that is, about 1.2 mm is inevitable if the timing of receiving the maximum light amount is converted into a position.
- the error is reduced to about 4.2 ⁇ m by 40 seconds of continuous measurement.
- the error of the distance G between the centers is emphasized by 50 m ⁇ 30 mm, that is, 1666 times.
- the error is 2 m. If the error of the center distance G is 4.2 ⁇ m, the error in the distance measurement of 50 m is reduced to 7 mm.
- the light source is the same as that of the second embodiment, but an SOA is inserted between the light source and the slave unit so that intensity modulation can be applied at 20 MHz or 15 MHz.
- the slave unit uses the light receiving unit shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B.
- the process from the optical fiber in the slave unit to the emission is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the reflected light of the transmissive diffraction grating 3 is received by the photodetector PD.
- a retroreflector R72 having a diameter of 1 inch is disposed on the surface 71 facing the rear of the slave unit. As shown in FIG.
- the three mirrors of the retroreflector R72 are installed so that the mirror boundaries come in the directions of 0 o'clock, 4 o'clock, and 8 o'clock.
- the light emitted from slave unit B is reflected by retroreflector R of slave unit A and is received by a light receiving unit on the surface facing front of slave unit B.
- the method for obtaining the light reception wavelength from the light reception timing is the same as in the second embodiment.
- the lateral angle of the slave unit A with respect to the slave unit B is obtained from the received light wavelength, and the light received from the surface facing the rear side of the slave unit A is received by the light receiver on the surface facing the front side of the slave unit B. Yawing of handset A to machine B is required.
- the trigger delay of the oscilloscope is determined so that light can be received, the sampling rate is 250 MSPS, and 1024 samples are acquired. This corresponds to a data acquisition time of 4 ⁇ s.
- a cross-correlation between a signal (S i : 0 ⁇ i ⁇ 1024) of the light receiving unit installed on the front-facing surface and a signal (R i : 0 ⁇ i ⁇ 1024) of the photodetector in the slave unit is obtained.
- each signal is subjected to discrete Fourier transform, and only the photodetector signal in the slave unit is subjected to complex conjugation, and then multiplied by both to perform inverse Fourier transform.
- quadratic function fitting is performed in the vicinity of the index that gives the maximum value, and the index that gives the maximum value is obtained by a real number instead of an integer.
- a value ( ⁇ ) obtained by multiplying the obtained real number by 2 ⁇ / 1024 is the phase difference in (Expression 7).
- the same operation is performed at a modulation frequency of 15 MHz to obtain ⁇ 1 , and the distance is obtained using (Equation 7) and (Equation 8).
- the amount of light received by the light receiving unit provided on the front-facing surface is much smaller than the amount of light received by the built-in photodetector, and must be amplified by an amplifier. Therefore, since there is a delay due to the amplifier, a delay time (t D ) that is not related to the modulation frequency occurs in S i with respect to R i .
- Delay time because of the individuality of the amplifiers incorporated in the child machine, measures the distance at a known distance, it is necessary to obtain the specific t D for each slave unit.
- Example 4 This is an example of the minimum unit when there is one slave unit. As described above, it may be a surveying instrument that serves as a master unit and a slave unit, or a surveying instrument that serves as a master unit, a reference unit, and a slave unit. A wavelength tunable (sweep) light source may be built in the reference machine.
- FIG. 14 shows an embodiment in the case of one surveying instrument.
- One cordless handset 55 is arranged in the vertical shaft 32 outside the tunnel 31.
- the “front-facing surface 21” shown in FIG. 4B faces in the direction facing the tunnel 31.
- a retro reflector R56 is installed behind the excavator 51 at the top of the tunnel 31.
- the light emitted from the slave unit vibrates at the angle indicated by the “sweep range”.
- the retro-reflector R exists within the sweep angle range, the light directed toward the retro-reflector R is reflected and returns to the slave unit.
- the wavelength corresponding to the position of the retroreflector R and the emission angle thereof are obtained from the time difference between the round trips of the angle sweep of the light by the method described with reference to FIG. Further, intensity modulation is applied to the output light, and the distance from the slave unit to the retro reflector R can be measured according to the second embodiment.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(光波長掃引器)
図1Aおよび図1Bに、出射角度が光の波長の単調な関数として変わる扇状の掃引光を生成する光波長掃引器を示す。親機の波長可変光源から発した光の全部または一部を分岐し、光ファイバー1を用いて子機内に導く。一部の光を分岐した場合は、残りの光を、他の光ファイバーで更に下流の子機へ伝送する。光波長掃引器は、光ファイバー1の端部から発した拡散光を、コリメータレンズ2で平行光にした後、透過型回折格子3に入射する。回折格子3のグレーティングベクトルは図1においてxz平面内にある。
図2に、測量機の前方と後方の両方に扇状掃引光を発出する光波長掃引器を示す。図1Aおよび図1Bで示した回折格子3の後に、ハーフミラー6aとミラー6bを追加し、ハーフミラー6aで反射した光を、シリンドリカル凹レンズ4aを介して、前方射出光5aとして前方に発出する。ハーフミラー6aを透過後にミラー6bで反射した光を、シリンドリカル凹レンズ4bを介して、後方射出光5bとして後方に発出している。ハーフミラー6aを時計回りに90°、ミラー6bを反時計回りに90°回転することで、ハーフミラー6aで反射した光を後方に、ハーフミラー6aを透過後にミラー6bで反射した光を前方に発出してもよい。
図3に、光を発出する子機(測量機)および前後に隣接する子機(測量機)の間の光ビームの関係を示す。図3では、子機Bから前後に光ビームを発出するものとする。前方(すなわち下流)の子機を子機A、後方(すなわち上流)の子機を子機Cと呼ぶことにする。すべての子機は、トンネル内に前後の子機が見渡せる範囲で配置されなければならない。ここで“見渡せる範囲”とは、任意の子機が発出する扇状の光が波長可変範囲内で掃引され、隣接する子機に届く範囲を意味する。図3において、子機Bから子機Aを見る前方視線において、前方視野角はシリンドリカル凹レンズで決定される“ビームの広がり角”と、回折格子と波長可変範囲で決定される“ビーム掃引角”とにより制限される。子機Aは、前方視野角内になければならない。子機Bから子機Cを見る後方視線も同様であり、子機Cは後方視野角内になければならない。
図4Aおよび図4Bに、子機(測量機)の最も簡単な光発出口と受光部の配置の一例を示す。子機Bが発光した光を受光するのは、子機Aの後方を向く面11(図4A)の受光部12、および、子機Cの前方を向く面21(図4B)の受光部22である。親機の波長可変光源の発振波長を変えていったとき、それぞれの受光部の受光量が最大になる波長がわかれば、(式1)を用いて、子機Bに対する子機Aの角度、および、子機Bに対する子機Cの角度を求めることができる。ここで、“子機Bに対する子機Cの角度”は、“子機Cに対する子機Bの姿勢”と読み替えることができる。その理由を、図5を用いて説明する。
図5に、トンネル工事における測量機の配置の一例を示す。親機52と光ファイバーおよび電気配線54により接続された基準機53が立抗32に設置され、地下の掘削機51により掘り進んで作られたトンネル31内に、光ファイバーおよび電気配線54により数珠繋ぎに接続された子機(A~D)55a~55dが配置されている。親機52の波長掃引光源から光ファイバー経由で波長掃引光が基準機53および子機55a~55dに供給されている。立抗32におかれる基準機53は、トンネル工事すべての基準座標を決め、地表33での測量結果に基づき、掘削方向を決定する。波長掃引光源と制御システムとを備えた親機52と基準機53とを統合した測量機としてもよく、更に最も上流の子機(D)55dと基準機53とを統合した測量機としても良い。
上述した方法において、子機の位置と姿勢のパラメータは、波長に応じて変化する角度しかわからない。“波長に応じて変化する角度”は、その回転軸が重力に対して平行な方向(すなわち鉛直方向、角度の回転面は水平面となる)を採用するのが望ましい。鉛直方向に扇状に拡がった光を水平方向に回折させ、水平面内における位置(角度)、および、水平面内になる光軸に対する子機の姿勢(ヨーイング)を測定することができる。
図6に、複数の受光部を用いて三角法による子機間距離測定を可能にする子機の受光部の配置を示す。上流の子機から前方に発出された光ビームを、隣接する子機の後方を向く面61に、光ビームの掃引方向に距離Gだけ離間して設けられた二つの受光部62a,62bで受光する。三角法による距離測定においては、一定周期で所定波長範囲を波長が往復変化する波長掃引光源を使用する。
図8Aに、飛行時間法による測量機間の距離測定を可能とする子機の受光部の配置を示す。上流の子機から前方に発出された光ビームを、隣接する子機の後方を向く面71に設けられたレトロリフレクタR(コーナーキューブプリズムなどの入射光を常に入射方向に反射する光学反射素子)72によって後方に反射し、上流の子機の前方を向く面81に設けられた光発出口83付近に隣接する受光部82で受光させる(図8B)。飛行時間法での距離測定を実施するためには、光源の強度を何らかの方法で変調しなければならない。
水平(横)方向の光掃引に加え、垂直(縦)方向の光掃引パターンで光ビームを発出することにより、鉛直方向の位置(角度)を求めることができる。
以下、本発明の具体的実施例について詳細に説明する。
図2において、透過型回折格子3として、1200本/mmのグレーティングを選択する。光源は、波長を1260nmから1360nmまで変えられる波長可変光源を用いる。波長可変光源の光は、各子機に備えられた光スイッチにより、その光スイッチが内蔵された子機内で発出されるか、下流の子機に供給されるかを選択できるようにする。NA=0.14のシングルモード光ファイバー1からの出射光を、焦点距離13.86mmの非球面レンズであるコリメータレンズ2を用いて4mmφのコリメート光を作成する。図2には表示されていないが、コリメータレンズ2と透過型回折格子3との間に、面内でビーム径を2倍にするアナモルフィックプリズムペアを挿入し、4×8mmの楕円型コリメート光を透過型回折格子に入射する。
光源として、2kHzの周波数で、1260nmから1360nmの波長を往復する、波長掃引光源を用いる。子機の光学系は実施例1と同じである。実施例1との違いは、同一の受光部が、短波長から長波長への掃引時に最大光量を受光する時刻と、長波長から短波長への掃引時に最大光量を受光する時刻との差から、受光波長を求めることである。2kHzの周波数なので、40秒間で80000回の計測が可能であり、測定値を平均することにより、誤差が1/283に低下する。受光部の直径が12mmなので、最大光量を受光するタイミングを位置に変換すると、直径の1/10、即ち1.2mm程度の誤差は避けられない。しかし、40秒の連続計測により、誤差は4.2μm程度に軽減される。
光源は実施例2と同じであるが、光源と子機の間に、SOAを挿入し、20MHz、または、15MHzで強度変調をかけられるようにしておく。子機は、図8Aおよび図8Bに示した受光部を使う。子機内の光ファイバーから発出までは、実施例1と同じである。さらに、図10に示されるように透過型回折格子3の反射光をフォトディテクタPDで受光する。子機の後方を向く面71には直径1インチのレトロリフレクタR72を配置する。レトロリフレクタR72の3枚ミラーは、図8Aに示されるように0時、4時、8時の方向にミラー境界が来るように設置される。子機の前方を向く面81の光発出口83の直上に受光部82があり、光発出口83中心と受光部82中心の距離は12mmである。角度計測時には、SOAの電流変調は不要である。
子機が1台の場合の最小単位の実施例である。前述のように、親機と子機を兼ねた測量機、または親機、基準機および子機を兼ねた測量機としても良い。基準機内に波長可変(掃引)光源を内蔵しても良い。
Claims (7)
- 波長可変光源からの光を発出可能な1ないし複数の発出口と、隣接する測量機から発出された光または反射された光を受光する1ないし複数の受光部を有する測量機であって、
前記発出口からの発出光が扇状のパターンであり、かつ、扇状に拡がる方向と垂直方向に、出射角度が光の波長の単調な関数として変わるように発出され、
隣接する測量機から発出され受光される波長、または、隣接する測量機によって反射された光を発出した測量機自身が受光する波長を求めることで、測量機の相対的位置関係及び姿勢のパラメータの少なくとも一つを測定することを特徴とする、測量機。 - 前記波長可変光源の波長は、所定波長範囲内において所定周期で掃引されており、光を発出した測量機に隣接する測量機、または、光を発出した測量機自身が、波長掃引の一周期中に所定波長を受光する2つの時刻の時間差を測定することで、受光する波長を求めることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の測量機。
- 前記波長可変光源の出力光は、特定の周波数で強度変調されており、
光発出前の光強度変化を参照信号として検出するとともに、
光学反射素子を備えた隣接測量機からの反射光の光強度変化を反射信号として検出し、
両信号の位相差を、少なくとも二つの周波数で求めることにより、
隣接測量機との間の距離を求めることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の測量機。 - 隣接する測量機に、少なくとも二つの受光部を設け、かつ、該二つの受光部は、光を発出する測量機が出射角度を偏向する方向に所定間隔で異なる位置に配置され、
二つの受光部が受光する時間差を測定する事により、
二つの測量機間の距離を求めることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の測量機。 - 前方または後方を向く少なくとも一面から、少なくとも二つの出射角度変更パターンで光を発出し、発出される光の出射角度を変更する方向が、互いに直交していることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の測量機。
- 波長可変光源を有する親機からの波長可変光を光ファイバーにより受信し、一部を分岐して発出口より発出するとともに、残りを光ファイバーで更に下流の測量機へ伝送する請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の測量機を縦続接続してなる測量システム。
- 測量機自身が波長可変光源を有してなり、トンネル先端の掘削機に設けられた光学反射素子からの光を受光する請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の測量機。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016568363A JP6282358B2 (ja) | 2015-01-06 | 2016-01-06 | 測量機 |
| US15/513,632 US10495734B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2016-01-06 | Position locating instrument |
| EP16734986.9A EP3244162B1 (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2016-01-06 | Surveying instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015001062 | 2015-01-06 | ||
| JP2015-001062 | 2015-01-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016111245A1 true WO2016111245A1 (ja) | 2016-07-14 |
Family
ID=56355937
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2016/000035 Ceased WO2016111245A1 (ja) | 2015-01-06 | 2016-01-06 | 測量機 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10495734B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3244162B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6282358B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2016111245A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109031329A (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-12-18 | 昆山丘钛微电子科技有限公司 | 一种飞行时间测距模组及电子设备 |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017110975A (ja) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | 計測装置、システム、計測方法、決定方法及びプログラム |
| CN107135567B (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2020-05-05 | 哈纳姆阿泰克株式会社 | 发光控制系统 |
| US20230400582A1 (en) * | 2022-06-12 | 2023-12-14 | Apple Inc. | Coherent sensing system using a DOE |
| DE102023102055A1 (de) * | 2023-01-27 | 2024-08-01 | VMT GmbH Gesellschaft für Vermessungstechnik | Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Position einer Tunnelbohrmaschine |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002090142A (ja) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-27 | Airec Engineering Corp | 光中継装置並びにこの光中継装置を用いた計測装置及び計測方法 |
| JP2005172586A (ja) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-30 | Airec Engineering Corp | 推進装置先導体の推進方位計測装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3429046B2 (ja) | 1993-12-20 | 2003-07-22 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 位置計測投光装置および投光装置取り付け構造 |
| US6147760A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 2000-11-14 | Geng; Zheng Jason | High speed three dimensional imaging method |
| US5675407A (en) * | 1995-03-02 | 1997-10-07 | Zheng Jason Geng | Color ranging method for high speed low-cost three dimensional surface profile measurement |
| JPH10170239A (ja) * | 1996-10-08 | 1998-06-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 3次元形状計測装置 |
| US7800758B1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2010-09-21 | Faro Laser Trackers, Llc | Laser-based coordinate measuring device and laser-based method for measuring coordinates |
| JP4601798B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-06 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社トプコン | 位置測定設定システム |
| JP2004015476A (ja) | 2002-06-07 | 2004-01-15 | Canon Inc | 光空間通信装置のビーム角度偏向方法 |
| EP1990649A1 (de) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-12 | Leica Geosystems AG | Lagerbestimmungsverfahren, Laserstrahldetektor und Detektor-Reflektorvorrichtung für ein Lagebestimmungssystem |
| JP5727844B2 (ja) | 2010-06-04 | 2015-06-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| JP5653715B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-27 | 2015-01-14 | 株式会社トプコン | レーザ測量機 |
-
2016
- 2016-01-06 EP EP16734986.9A patent/EP3244162B1/en active Active
- 2016-01-06 WO PCT/JP2016/000035 patent/WO2016111245A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-01-06 JP JP2016568363A patent/JP6282358B2/ja active Active
- 2016-01-06 US US15/513,632 patent/US10495734B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002090142A (ja) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-27 | Airec Engineering Corp | 光中継装置並びにこの光中継装置を用いた計測装置及び計測方法 |
| JP2005172586A (ja) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-30 | Airec Engineering Corp | 推進装置先導体の推進方位計測装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP3244162A4 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109031329A (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-12-18 | 昆山丘钛微电子科技有限公司 | 一种飞行时间测距模组及电子设备 |
| CN109031329B (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2024-01-16 | 昆山丘钛微电子科技有限公司 | 一种飞行时间测距模组及电子设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3244162A4 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
| EP3244162A1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| US10495734B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
| EP3244162B1 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
| JP6282358B2 (ja) | 2018-02-21 |
| US20170299698A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
| JPWO2016111245A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6282358B2 (ja) | 測量機 | |
| US10838047B2 (en) | Systems and methods for LIDAR scanning of an environment over a sweep of wavelengths | |
| de Groot | Unusual techniques for absolute distance measurement | |
| US6885438B2 (en) | System and method for measuring velocity using frequency modulation of laser output | |
| CN101506662B (zh) | 速度检测器 | |
| CN102203635B (zh) | 用于确定物体的位置的装置和方法 | |
| US6876441B2 (en) | Optical sensor for distance measurement | |
| US20050046821A1 (en) | Optical device and method for measuring velocity | |
| US7202942B2 (en) | System and method for measuring velocity using frequency modulation of laser output | |
| CN106772315A (zh) | 多光束扫描装置及多光束扫描方法 | |
| JP2004219285A (ja) | 光波距離計 | |
| US7333185B2 (en) | Optical velocimeter, displacement information measurement device and conveying and processing device | |
| Fonseca et al. | Distance measurement systems using lasers and their applications | |
| US12248065B2 (en) | Optical device for determining a distance of a measurement object | |
| JP2014185956A (ja) | 距離測定装置 | |
| US7027162B2 (en) | System and method for three-dimensional measurement | |
| CN105974396A (zh) | 基于双标准具的测速方法及测速系统 | |
| JP2013174456A (ja) | レーザドップラ速度計 | |
| JP4995089B2 (ja) | 絶対距離値を測定する方法及び測定装置 | |
| JP4459961B2 (ja) | レーザ位相差検出装置およびレーザ位相制御装置 | |
| JP2008516246A5 (ja) | ||
| IL286820A (en) | A method and system for mapping and measuring distance | |
| US20240201380A1 (en) | Unambiguous laser scanning data from scanning with two pulse frequencies | |
| ES2232967T3 (es) | Dispositivo de medicion interferometrica para la medicion de la forma en superficies rugosas. | |
| CN108474649B (zh) | 借助干涉长度测量确定物体的空间位置的方法和设备 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016568363 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16734986 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2016734986 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15513632 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 2016734986 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
