WO2016132821A1 - セラミックス基複合材の製造方法 - Google Patents
セラミックス基複合材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016132821A1 WO2016132821A1 PCT/JP2016/052024 JP2016052024W WO2016132821A1 WO 2016132821 A1 WO2016132821 A1 WO 2016132821A1 JP 2016052024 W JP2016052024 W JP 2016052024W WO 2016132821 A1 WO2016132821 A1 WO 2016132821A1
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a ceramic matrix composite applied to equipment that requires high-temperature strength, such as an aircraft jet engine.
- Ceramics have extremely high heat resistance, while many ceramics have the disadvantage of being brittle. In order to overcome brittleness, attempts have been made to use ceramic as a base material (matrix) and composite with inorganic fibers such as SiC.
- CVI vapor phase impregnation
- liquid phase impregnation for example, polymer melt impregnation pyrolysis (PIP)
- PPI polymer melt impregnation pyrolysis
- SPI solid phase impregnation
- MI molten metal impregnation
- a ceramic solution is impregnated into a woven fabric made of fibers such as SiC, and this is fired at a high temperature to form a ceramic, whereby the ceramic becomes a matrix and is combined with the fiber.
- the polymer solution is appropriately selected according to the ceramic to be produced. For example, if the solution contains polycarbosilane, a matrix made of SiC is generated.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a related technique.
- a method for producing a ceramic matrix composite includes: an aggregate powder including ceramics; and a binder including at least one selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic resin and a wax, and the aggregate powder and the binder. Kneaded to make a composition comprising, and pressing the composition to form a sheet, alternately laminating a fabric made of reinforcing fibers containing ceramics and the sheet, and forming a laminate of the fabric and the sheet. Pressing to produce a matrix that bonds the reinforcing fibers together.
- the pores between the fibers can be efficiently impregnated with the aggregate powder, so that the pores can be efficiently blocked.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method for producing a ceramic matrix composite according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram schematically illustrating a kneading step in the manufacturing method.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram schematically showing a sheet forming process in the manufacturing method.
- FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate of a reinforced fiber fabric and a ceramic-containing sheet, showing a state before pressing.
- FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate of a reinforcing fiber fabric and a ceramic-containing sheet, showing a pressed state.
- FIG. 4A is an exemplary perspective view of a molded body.
- FIG. 4B is an exemplary perspective view of the final product.
- a preferred application of the ceramic matrix composite according to one embodiment is a mechanical part exposed to a high-temperature environment such as a component of an aircraft jet engine, and examples thereof include a turbine blade, a combustor, and an afterburner. Of course, it can be applied to other uses.
- a ceramic matrix composite according to an embodiment generally includes a woven fabric made of inorganic fibers such as silicon carbide (SiC) and a matrix made of inorganic materials such as SiC and bonding the woven fabric.
- a method for producing such a ceramic matrix composite material is obtained by including an aggregate powder as a matrix raw material in a binder such as a thermoplastic resin to form a sheet, and alternately laminating and pressing the sheet and the fabric. Is impregnated into the fabric.
- MI molten metal impregnation
- CVI gas phase impregnation
- PIP liquid phase impregnation
- SPI solid phase impregnation
- FIG. 1 the manufacturing process of such a ceramic matrix composite will be described below. Although it demonstrates based on the example which combined MI method, it is not necessarily restricted to this.
- the raw material fibers made of SiC can be used for the ceramic matrix composite according to an embodiment.
- a commercially available product can be used for this.
- the raw material fibers can include fibers made of other inorganic materials in addition to silicon carbide (SiC), or can be replaced with SiC.
- the raw fiber can be coated to be covered with the interfacial coating.
- the interface coating include carbon (C) and boron nitride (BN), but are not necessarily limited thereto. BN is superior to C in terms of oxidation resistance.
- BN is superior to C in terms of oxidation resistance.
- any known method such as a gas phase method or a dip method can be used. Further, the coating may be performed before the woven cloth process described later or after the woven cloth process.
- the interfacial coating prevents crack propagation from the matrix to the fibers and increases toughness.
- the term “raw material fiber” means that the raw material fiber covered with the interface coating is included.
- the raw material fibers are woven to form the woven fabric 11 (woven fabric forming step S1).
- the fabric 11 may be a two-dimensional woven fabric or a three-dimensional woven fabric.
- this textile fabric 11 may be shape
- a plurality of fabrics 11 made of raw fibers are formed.
- composition 1 containing aggregate powder and a binder is prepared.
- Ceramics can be used as the aggregate, and an example is SiC.
- the aggregate powder may further contain carbon (C) powder for a later MI method.
- C carbon
- the ratio of C to SiC is arbitrary, and the aggregate powder may be C only or SiC only.
- the particle size of the aggregate powder is not particularly limited, but the smaller the particle size, the easier it is to impregnate fine pores in the fabric, while the larger the particle size, the easier it is to prevent the powder from agglomerating. The particle size can be selected based on such knowledge.
- thermoplastic resin As the binder, one having plasticity at a high temperature and decomposing and disappearing at a higher temperature can be used, and a thermoplastic resin can be exemplified as such a material.
- the thermoplastic resin typically disappears by melting, decomposing and evaporating above 200 ° C.
- examples of the thermoplastic resin include styrene-based, acrylic-based, cellulose-based, polyethylene-based, vinyl-based, nylon-based, and fluorocarbon-based resins.
- the binder may contain additives for various purposes such as the purpose of adjusting viscosity and fluidity and the purpose of adjusting shape stability.
- the additive include polyoxymethylene, polypropylene, fatty acid ester, fatty acid amide, phthalic acid ester, and waxes such as paraffin wax.
- One such additive may be added, or two or more selected from these may be added.
- Such a powder injection molding binder is generally available under the name MRM-1 (trade name of IHI Turbo).
- the mixing ratio of the binder to the aggregate powder can be adjusted appropriately.
- a larger binder mixing ratio is advantageous for maintaining the shape of the composition 1, but a smaller mixing ratio is advantageous for impregnating the fabric 11 with more aggregate powder. Therefore, the mixing ratio of the binder can be, for example, 20 to 80% by volume, and more preferably 30 to 60% by volume with respect to the aggregate powder.
- the composition 1 containing the aggregate powder and the binder is heated to 100 to 150 ° C. and kneaded to give an appropriate viscosity (kneading step S3).
- a twin-screw kneader including a pair of screw shafts 3 can be used for kneading, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- a binder is first introduced into a kneader that has been started in advance, and after confirming that the viscosity is appropriate, the aggregate powder is gradually introduced. The kneading takes, for example, 10 minutes or more, and the bulk powder not suspended in the binder is removed if possible.
- the kneaded composition 1 is taken out and kept warm, or heated again to 100 to 150 ° C., pressurized in a mold, and molded into, for example, a plurality of short cylindrical pellets.
- it may be injected from a kneader as a rod-like or plate-like injection and continuously introduced into the next sheet forming step.
- the pellets or injections are preformed into a shape approximating the sheet.
- the injection or preform 5 is crushed by a pair of rotating rolls 7 similar to a rolling mill.
- the injection or preform 5 is preferably sandwiched between release sheets and introduced into the roll.
- the pressed or preformed product 5 is stretched by the reduction, and is formed into a longer and wider sheet 9 (sheet forming step S5).
- a plurality of sheets 9 each containing an aggregate powder and a binder are molded.
- the woven fabric 11 made of raw material fibers and the sheet 9 including the aggregate powder and the binder are alternately laminated (lamination step S7).
- the number of fabrics 11 and sheets 9 to be laminated is not particularly limited, but is two or more pairs.
- the laminate 13 in a warm temperature of about 100 to 150 ° C., the laminate 13 is pressed by a pair of rotating rolls similar to a rolling mill (pressing step S9). Instead of pressing with a roll, the laminate 13 may be sealed in the mold 15 and pressed, or instead of applying the uniaxial pressure P, multiaxial pressure or hydrostatic pressure may be applied. Further, vacuuming may be performed in an airtight mold. In this step, the aggregate powder enters the pores between the fibers together with the binder, and becomes a matrix raw material.
- the laminate 13 may be molded as the molded body 21 as shown in FIG. 4A.
- Such molding is performed, for example, by heating the laminated body 13 to about 100 to 150 ° C., enclosing it in a mold, and applying pressure. After slowly cooling the molded body 21 so as not to give a thermal shock, the molded body 21 is taken out of the mold. At this time, since the binder is solid, the molded shape is maintained and the aggregate powder is prevented from falling off.
- heat treatment can be performed (degreasing process) to decompose the binder.
- the impregnation and degreasing as described later may be performed simultaneously.
- the degreasing is performed by heating the laminated body 13 or the molded body 21 by heating means such as a carbon heater, for example, in a decompressed furnace or a furnace purged with a non-oxidizing gas. .
- the heating temperature is an appropriate temperature (eg, 350 ° C.) that is at least equal to or higher than the decomposition temperature of the binder (eg, 250 ° C.), and this may be maintained for several hours (eg, 4 to 8 hours).
- the binder is decomposed and dissipated by heating, so that raw material fibers and aggregate powder remain in the laminate 13 or the molded body 21.
- the molten metal is impregnated (impregnation step S11) following the pressing step or the molding step.
- an ingot of silicon (Si) or Si alloy is attached to the laminated body 13 or the molded body 21, and Si is melted and impregnated by heating. If the above-described degreasing step is not performed, degreasing can occur simultaneously in such heating.
- the heating temperature is higher than the temperature at which Si in the ingot melts. Such temperature depends on the composition of the ingot. For example, the melting point of pure Si is 1410 ° C., and can be further lowered by alloying. Further, the melting temperature is preferably + 20 ° C. or higher. If the temperature is too high, the reinforcing fiber or its coating deteriorates, so the heating temperature is, for example, 1500 ° C. or less. Typically, the heating temperature is 1390 ° C.
- impregnation and firing proceed simultaneously (firing step S13). That is, by melting, Si is impregnated into the laminate 13 or the molded body 21 and reacts with C in the aggregate powder to produce SiC, which forms a matrix together with SiC in the aggregate powder.
- the heating time is sufficient for melting and reaction, and is, for example, 10 minutes or more. If the time is too long, the reinforcing fiber or its coating deteriorates, so the heating time is, for example, 1 hour or less. Typically, the heating time is 20 minutes.
- the known CVI method, PIP method, and SPI method may be used instead of the MI method. These two or more methods may be repeated. In these, the impregnation process and the baking process are independent processes performed continuously.
- the obtained ceramic matrix composite is usually subjected to a finishing process, and a final product is obtained as shown in FIG. 4B.
- a coating may be further applied after finishing.
- the aggregate powder can be impregnated in the pores even by the conventional technique, for example, the SPI method, but the efficiency is not necessarily good because the driving force for impregnating is insufficient.
- the binder receives pressure in the pressing process, and the pressure is impregnated into the aggregate powder through the binder, and the aggregate powder is impregnated into the pores between the fibers using the pressure as a driving force. To do.
- pressure can be used as a driving force, the aggregate powder efficiently impregnates the pores between the fibers. Not only is the hole blocking rate increased, it is also possible to reduce the time required for the process.
- this embodiment does not use a solvent, it does not take time for the drying.
- the binder is quickly solidified by cooling and is easily removed by heating. According to the MI method, it is possible to simultaneously remove the binder in the heating process. Compared with the prior art which requires time for drying, the time required for the process is also shortened in this respect.
- This embodiment is also advantageous in terms of ease of processing, ease of molding, and strength.
- the raw fiber Since the raw fiber hardly stretches or contracts, it is not easy to deform the woven fabric without a binder. If the woven fabric is not deformed in accordance with the mold, it tends to wrinkle or forcefully deform, and the fibers tend to be loosened locally. Further, if there is no means for holding the shape, it will easily spring back even if it is deformed, and the shape will not be preserved.
- the raw material fibers are forced to deform in a state where they are constrained by a viscous binder, and thus are easily deformed according to the mold. Therefore, the woven fabric 11 is not wrinkled or loosened.
- the solidified binder also helps to maintain the shape. Further, as already described, the aggregate powder does not fall off during or after the molding.
- ceramic matrix composite materials can exhibit extremely high strength in the direction in which the reinforcing fibers run, but the matrix alone bears stress in a different direction or in a direction in which the reinforcing fibers are not continuous.
- the strength is inferior.
- reinforcing fibers may not be continuous at many parts. According to the example of the stator vane of the gas turbine engine shown in FIG. 4B, if this is cut out from the bulk, even if the reinforcing fibers are continuous in the wing portion 25, the outer band 27 or It is difficult for the reinforcing fiber to continue in the inner band 29.
- the molded body 21 is formed into a shape that approximates the shape of the final product by bending the woven fabric, and the fibers are continuous throughout.
- the final product 23 has been subjected to slight finishing after the molded body 21 is baked, so that the continuity of the fibers is not impaired. That is, in the final product 23, the reinforcing fiber continuously travels from the wing portion 25 to the outer band 27 and from the wing portion 25 to the inner band 29. It is clear that the strength can be secured at any part.
- the shape after molding is a near net shape that approximates the product shape, the burden of finishing processing itself is reduced.
- a method for producing a ceramic matrix composite capable of efficiently closing pores is provided.
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Abstract
セラミックス基複合材の製造方法は、SiC粉末を含む骨材粉末と、熱可塑性樹脂およびワックスよりなる群より選択された一以上を含むバインダとを、骨材粉末とバインダとよりなる組成物にするべく混練し、組成物をシートにするべくプレスし、SiC繊維を含む強化繊維よりなる織物とシートとを交互に積層し、織物とシートとの積層体をプレスし、強化繊維を互いに結合するマトリックスを生成する、ことよりなる。
Description
本開示は、航空機用ジェットエンジン等、高温強度を必要とする機器に適用されるセラミックス基複合材の製造方法に関する。
セラミックスは極めて高い耐熱性を有するが、その一方多くのセラミックスは脆いという欠点がある。脆性を克服すべく、セラミックスを母材(マトリックス)とし、SiC等の無機物の繊維と複合化する試みが、従来からなされている。
複合化のために、気相含浸(CVI)、液相含浸(例えばポリマー溶融含浸熱分解(PIP))、固相含浸(SPI)、溶融金属含浸(MI)等の方法が提案されている。例えばPIP法によれば、SiC等の繊維よりなる織物に、ポリマー溶液を含浸し、これを高温で焼成してセラミックを生ぜしめることにより、かかるセラミックスがマトリックスとなって繊維と複合化する。ポリマー溶液は、生ぜしめたいセラミックスに応じて適宜選択され、例えばポリカルボシランを含む溶液とすれば、SiCよりなるマトリックスが生じる。
これらの方法を組み合わせた技術も提案されている。特許文献1は、関連する技術を開示する。
繊維間に空孔が残存すれば、セラミックス基複合材の強度や靭性には当然に不利である。またかかる空孔を通って高温の空気や水蒸気がセラミックス基複合材に侵入すれば、酸化による劣化が進行する。ところが上述の何れの方法によっても、繊維間の空孔をマトリックスによって完全に閉塞することは容易ではない。それゆえ、含浸を繰り返す工夫がなされている。含浸の度に乾燥と焼成とを繰り返すために、最終製品の製造には1か月以上を要する。
セラミックス基複合材から空孔をどれほど排除しうるか、また空孔をいかに効率的に閉塞するかは、かかる技術分野における永続的な技術課題である。
一局面によれば、セラミックス基複合材の製造方法は、セラミックスを含む骨材粉末と、熱可塑性樹脂およびワックスよりなる群より選択された一以上を含むバインダとを、前記骨材粉末と前記バインダとよりなる組成物にするべく混練し、前記組成物をシートにするべくプレスし、セラミックスを含む強化繊維よりなる織物と前記シートとを交互に積層し、前記織物と前記シートとの積層体をプレスし、前記強化繊維を互いに結合するマトリックスを生成する、ことよりなる。
繊維間の空孔に効率的に骨材粉末を含浸させ、以って空孔を効率的に閉塞することができる。
幾つかの実施形態を添付の図面を参照して以下に説明する。
一実施形態によるセラミックス基複合材の好適な用途は、航空機用ジェットエンジンの構成部品のごとき高温環境に曝される機械部品であって、タービン翼、燃焼器、アフターバーナー等が例示できる。勿論他の用途に適用することもできる。
一実施形態によるセラミックス基複合材は、概して、炭化珪素(SiC)のごとき無機物繊維よりなる織物と、SiCのごとき無機物よりなり前記織物を結合するマトリックスと、を備える。かかるセラミックス基複合材の製造方法は、概して、マトリックスの原料たる骨材粉末を熱可塑性樹脂のごときバインダに含ませてシート化し、かかるシートと織物とを交互に積層し、プレスすることにより骨材を織物に含浸せしめることよりなる。これにさらに溶融金属含浸(MI)、気相含浸(CVI)、液相含浸(例えばポリマー溶融含浸熱分解(PIP))、固相含浸(SPI)の何れか一以上を組み合わせることにより、マトリックスを生成する。
主に図1を参照して、かかるセラミックス基複合材の製造プロセスを以下に説明する。MI法を組み合わせた例に基づいて説明するが、必ずしもこれに限られない。
一実施形態によるセラミックス基複合材には、SiCよりなる原料繊維を利用することができる。これには市販で入手しうるものが利用できる。あるいは原料繊維には、炭化珪素(SiC)の他、他の無機物よりなる繊維を含むことができ、あるいはこれをもってSiCに代えることができる。
界面コーティングにより覆うべく、原料繊維にコーティングを施すことができる。界面コーティングとしては、炭素(C)やボロンナイトライド(BN)を例示することができるが、必ずしもこれらに限られない。耐酸化性の点では、CよりBNのほうが優れている。コーティングの方法としては、気相法やディップ法などの公知の何れかの方法を利用することができる。またコーティングは、後述の織布工程より以前に施してもよいし、織布工程の後に施してもよい。界面コーティングは、マトリックスから繊維への亀裂の伝播を防ぎ、靱性を増大する。以下の説明において、原料繊維と称するときには、界面コーティングにより覆われた原料繊維を含む意味である。
原料繊維を、織布して織物11を成形する(織物成形工程S1)。織物11は2次元織布されていてもよいし、3次元織布されていてもよい。またかかる織物11は、用途に応じて定められる所定の形状に予め成形されていてもよい。原料繊維よりなる複数枚の織物11が成形される。
織物11の成形と並行して、骨材粉末とバインダとを含む組成物1を準備する。
骨材としてはセラミックスが利用でき、その一例はSiCである。骨材粉末は、さらに、後のMI法のために炭素(C)粉末を含んでいてもよい。骨材粉末においてCとSiCの比は任意であり、また骨材粉末はCのみあるいはSiCのみであってもよい。骨材粉末の粒径については特に限定が無いが、粒径が小さいほうが織物中の微細な空孔に含浸し易く、一方、粒径が大きいほうが粉末の凝集を防ぎ易い。かかる知見に基づき粒径を選択することができる。
バインダとしては、高温において可塑性を有し、さらに高温にすることで分解して消失する性質のものを利用することができ、かかる素材としては熱可塑性樹脂を例示することができる。熱可塑性樹脂は、典型的には200℃以上において溶融し、分解し、蒸発することにより、消失する。熱可塑性樹脂としては、スチレン系,アクリル系,セルロース系,ポリエチレン系,ビニル系,ナイロン系,フッ化炭素系樹脂が例示できる。
バインダは、粘度や流動性の調整の目的、また形状安定性の調整の目的等、種々の目的で添加物を含んでいてもよい。添加物としては、例えばポリオキシメチレン、ポリプロピレン、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸アミド、フタル酸エステルや、パラフィンワックス等のワックスが例示できる。かかる添加物は、一のみを添加してもよいし、これらから選択された二以上を添加してもよい。
あるいはこれらを含み適宜に成分調整されて市販されている粉末射出成形用バインダを利用することができる。そのような粉末射出成形用バインダは、MRM-1(IHIターボの商品名)の名称で一般に入手できる。
骨材粉末に対するバインダの混合比は適宜に調整しうる。バインダの混合比は、大きいほうが組成物1の形状を保持するのに有利だが、小さいほうがより多くの骨材粉末を織物11に含浸せしめるに有利である。そこで、バインダの混合比は、例えば骨材粉末に対して20乃至80体積%とすることができ、より好ましくは30乃至60体積%とすることができる。
図1に組み合わせて図2Aを参照するに、骨材粉末とバインダとを含む組成物1は、適宜の粘度を与えるべく、100乃至150℃に加熱され、混練される(混練工程S3)。混練のために例えば一対のスクリューシャフト3を備えた二軸式混練機を利用することができるが、必ずしもこれに限られない。好ましくは、予め始動しておいた混練機に、まずバインダを投入し、粘度が適当になったことを確認した後に、骨材粉末を徐々に投入する。混練は例えば10分以上を費やし、バインダに懸濁されない塊状の粉末は、可能ならば除去される。
混練された組成物1は取り出され、保温されたまま、あるいは再び100乃至150℃に加熱され、モールド中において加圧されて、例えば短い円筒状の複数のペレットに成型される。あるいは、棒状ないし板状の射出物として混練機より射出して、連続的に次のシート化工程に導入されてもよい。好ましくはペレットないし射出物は、シートに近似した形状に予備成型される。
図1に組み合わせて図2Bを参照するに、射出物ないし予備成型物5は、圧延機に似た一対の回転ロール7により押し潰される。ロールに粘着しないよう、好ましくは射出物ないし予備成型物5は離型シート等に挟まれてロールに導入される。圧下により射出物ないし予備成型物5は延伸されて、より長く幅広のシート9に成型される(シート化工程S5)。それぞれ骨材粉末とバインダとを含む複数枚のシート9が成型される。
図1に組み合わせて図3Aを参照するに、原料繊維よりなる織物11と、骨材粉末とバインダとを含むシート9とは、交互に積層される(積層工程S7)。積層される織物11とシート9の数は、特に限られないが、2対以上である。
図1に組み合わせて図3Bを参照するに、100乃至150℃程度の温間において、かかる積層体13は圧延機に似た一対の回転ロールによりプレスされる(プレス工程S9)。ロールにより加圧するのに代えて、積層体13をモールド15に封入して加圧してもよいし、一軸圧Pを印加するのに代えて、多軸圧ないし静水圧を印加してもよい。さらにあるいは気密なモールド中において真空引きしてもよい。この工程において、骨材粉末はバインダとともに繊維間の空孔に侵入し、マトリックスの原料となる。
プレス工程の後に、あるいはこれと同時に、図4Aに示すごとく積層体13を成型して成型体21としてもよい。かかる成型は、例えば積層体13を100乃至150℃程度に加熱し、モールドに封入して加圧することによる。成型体21に熱的ショックを与えないように徐冷した後、モールドから取り出される。このときバインダは固形であるので、成型された形状を保持し、また骨材粉末が脱落することを防止する。
プレス工程あるいは成型工程に続き、バインダを分解するべく熱処理を行う(脱脂工程)ことができる。引き続き溶融金属の含浸を行う場合には、後述することごく含浸と脱脂とを同時に行ってもよい。独立して脱脂を行う場合には、例えば減圧した炉中あるいは非酸化性のガスによりパージした炉中において、カーボンヒータのごとき加熱手段により積層体13あるいは成型体21を加熱することにより脱脂を行う。加熱温度は少なくともバインダの分解温度(例えば250℃)以上の適宜の温度(例えば350℃)であり、これが数時間(例えば4~8時間)保持されてもよい。加熱によりバインダが分解し、散逸し、以って積層体13あるいは成型体21には原料繊維と骨材粉末が残る。
図1に戻って参照するに、プレス工程あるいは成型工程に続き、溶融金属の含浸(含浸工程S11)を行う。例えばシリコン(Si)あるいはSi合金のインゴットを積層体13あるいは成型体21に付着し、加熱することによりSiを溶融せしめて含浸せしめる。上述の脱脂工程がなければ、かかる加熱において同時に脱脂も起こりうる。
加熱の温度はインゴット中のSiが溶融する温度以上である。かかる温度はインゴットの組成によるが、例えば純Siの融点は1410℃であり、合金化によりさらに低温にすることができる。また好ましくは、溶融する温度+20℃以上である。温度が高すぎれば強化繊維あるいはそのコーティングが劣化するので、加熱の温度は例えば1500℃以下である。典型的には、加熱の温度は1390℃である。
MI法によれば含浸と焼成は同時に進行する(焼成工程S13)。すなわち、溶融によりSiは積層体13ないし成型体21に含浸し、骨材粉末中のCと反応してSiCを生じ、これは骨材粉末中のSiCと一体となってマトリックスを構成する。加熱の時間は、溶融と反応とに十分な時間であって、例えば10分以上である。時間が長すぎれば強化繊維あるいはそのコーティングが劣化するので、加熱の時間は例えば1時間以下である。典型的には、加熱時間は20分である。
既に述べた通り、MI法に代えて公知のCVI法、PIP法、SPI法を利用してもよい。またこれらの2以上の方法を繰り返して実施してもよい。これらにおいては、含浸工程と焼成工程とは連続して行われる独立した工程である。
得られたセラミックス基複合材は、通常は仕上げ加工に付され、図4Bに示すごとく最終製品が得られる。防食や耐熱性向上、あるいは外来物質の付着を防止する等の目的で、仕上げ加工後にさらにコーティングを施してもよい。
既に述べた通り、従来技術、たとえばSPI法によっても骨材粉末は空孔に含浸しうるが、含浸せしめるための駆動力に乏しいために、その効率は必ずしも良好ではない。本実施形態によれば、バインダは、プレス工程において圧力を受け、かかる圧力はバインダを媒介として骨材粉末に及び、以ってかかる圧力を駆動力として骨材粉末は繊維間の空孔に含浸する。本実施形態によれば圧力を駆動力として利用することができるので、骨材粉末は繊維間の空孔に効率よく含浸する。空孔の閉塞率が高まるだけでなく、プロセスに要する時間を短縮することも可能である。
また本実施形態は、溶媒を利用しないので、その乾燥のために時間を要することがない。バインダは冷却によって速やかに固化し、また加熱することによって容易に除去される。MI法によれば、その加熱工程においてバインダの除去を同時に進めることができる。乾燥に時間を要する従来技術と比べて、この点でもプロセスに要する時間を短縮している。
本実施形態は、加工の容易さ、成型の容易さ、及び強度の点でも有利である。
原料繊維は殆ど伸び縮みしないために、バインダがなければ織物を変形させることすら容易ではない。織物は型に倣った変形をせずに、皺がよったり、あるいは無理に変形させようとすれば繊維が局所的にほぐれてしまう傾向がある。また形状を保持するための何等かの手段がなければ、変形させても容易にスプリングバックしてしまい、形状は保存されない。ところが本実施形態によれば、原料繊維は粘性を有するバインダにより拘束された状態で変形を強いられるので、型に倣った変形をし易い。従って織物11に皺がよることも、ほぐれてしまうこともない。固化したバインダは、形状を保持するのにも役立つ。また既に述べた通り、成型の途中あるいは成型後において、骨材粉末が脱落することもない。
セラミックス基複合材料は、一般に、強化繊維が走る方向には極めて高い強度を発揮し得るが、これと異なる方向または強化繊維が連続していない方向には、マトリックスのみが応力を負担するので、著しく強度が劣る。例えばバルクの材料を製造し、これを削り出して最終製品形状とした場合には、多くの部位で強化繊維が連続しないことがありうる。図4Bに示したガスタービンエンジンのステータベーンの例によれば、これをバルクから削り出せば、たとえ翼部25において強化繊維が連続しているとしても、ここから略直角に張り出したアウタバンド27やインナバンド29には強化繊維は連続し難い。
本実施形態によれば、図4Aに示すごとく、成型体21は織物を曲げることで最終製品形状に近似した形状に成型されており、その全体に亘り繊維は連続している。図4Bに示すごとく、最終製品23は、かかる成型体21が焼成された後に僅かな仕上げ加工を施したものであるので、繊維の連続性は損なわれない。すなわち、かかる最終製品23において、翼部25からアウタバンド27へ、また翼部25からインナバンド29へ、強化繊維は連続して走行している。いずれの部位においても強度が確保しうることは明らかである。
さらには、成型後の形状が製品形状に近似したニアネットシェイプであるので、仕上げ加工の負担自体も軽減されている。
幾つかの実施形態を説明したが、上記開示内容に基づき、当該技術分野の通常の技術を有する者が、実施形態を修正ないし変形することが可能である。
空孔を効率的に閉塞しうるセラミックス基複合材の製造方法が提供される。
Claims (6)
- セラミックス基複合材の製造方法であって、
セラミックスを含む骨材粉末と、熱可塑性樹脂およびワックスよりなる群より選択された一以上を含むバインダとを、前記骨材粉末と前記バインダとよりなる組成物にするべく混練し、
前記組成物をシートにするべくプレスし、
セラミックスを含む強化繊維よりなる織物と前記シートとを交互に積層し、
前記織物と前記シートとの積層体をプレスし、
前記強化繊維を互いに結合するマトリックスを生成する、
ことを含む製造方法。 - 請求項1の製造方法であって、前記セラミックスはSiCを含む、製造方法。
- 請求項1または2の製造方法であって、前記マトリックスを生成する段階は、溶融金属含浸、気相含浸、液相含浸、および固相含浸よりなる群より選択された一以上を含む、製造方法。
- 請求項1または2の製造方法であって、前記骨材粉末はさらにC粉末を含み、前記マトリックスを生成する段階は、前記積層体に、SiまたはSi合金よりなるインゴットを付着し、前記インゴットが溶融する温度に加熱する、ことを含む、製造方法。
- 請求項1または2の製造方法であって、さらに、
前記プレスする段階と同時に、または以後に、前記積層体をニアネットシェイプ成型する、
ことを含む製造方法。 - 請求項1または2の製造方法であって、さらに、
前記強化繊維をCまたはBNにより被覆する、
ことを含む製造方法。
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| CN201680003217.5A CN107074668A (zh) | 2015-02-18 | 2016-01-25 | 陶瓷基复合材料的制造方法 |
| EP16752210.1A EP3199503A4 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2016-01-25 | Method for manfacturing ceramic-based composite material |
| US15/486,925 US20170217842A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2017-04-13 | Method for producing ceramic matrix composite |
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| EP (1) | EP3199503A4 (ja) |
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| WO2019103145A1 (ja) | 2017-11-27 | 2019-05-31 | 株式会社Ihi | 繊維強化複合材料に利用される耐環境性の被覆強化繊維 |
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| JP6658897B2 (ja) | 2016-08-25 | 2020-03-04 | 株式会社Ihi | セラミックス基複合材料及びその製造方法 |
| CN107734948A (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-23 | 西北工业大学 | 基于频率选择表面和三明治夹层结构设计的宽频带吸波材料及制备方法 |
| CN108640698A (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-10-12 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | 一种陶瓷基复合材料构件共固化成型工艺 |
| US11668198B2 (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2023-06-06 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Fiber-reinforced self-healing environmental barrier coating |
| WO2020210569A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2020-10-15 | Axiom Materials, Inc. | Surface treatments for ceramic coated/impregnated materials |
| FR3116530B1 (fr) * | 2020-11-26 | 2023-03-31 | Safran Ceram | Procédé de fabrication d’une pièce en matériau composite à matrice céramique |
| JP7785275B2 (ja) * | 2021-05-28 | 2025-12-15 | 三菱重工航空エンジン株式会社 | セラミックス基複合材の成形方法 |
| CN116810972B (zh) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-28 | 江苏晋誉达半导体股份有限公司 | 一种碳化硅承片台的成型工艺 |
| CN118957885B (zh) * | 2024-08-26 | 2026-02-24 | 南京工业大学 | 一种弹性陶瓷纳米纤维膜材料的制备方法 |
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| EP3199503A4 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
| JP2016150873A (ja) | 2016-08-22 |
| US20170217842A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
| CN107074668A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
| EP3199503A1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
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