WO2016139348A1 - Armature de sommet de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil - Google Patents
Armature de sommet de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016139348A1 WO2016139348A1 PCT/EP2016/054665 EP2016054665W WO2016139348A1 WO 2016139348 A1 WO2016139348 A1 WO 2016139348A1 EP 2016054665 W EP2016054665 W EP 2016054665W WO 2016139348 A1 WO2016139348 A1 WO 2016139348A1
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- reinforcement
- equal
- working
- circumferential
- hooping
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
- B60C9/2006—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords consisting of steel cord plies only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/048—Natural or synthetic rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/51—Elastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/552—Fatigue strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2012—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers
- B60C2009/2016—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers comprising cords at an angle of 10 to 30 degrees to the circumferential direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2012—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers
- B60C2009/2019—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers comprising cords at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees to the circumferential direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2048—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by special physical properties of the belt plies
- B60C2009/2051—Modulus of the ply
- B60C2009/2058—Modulus of the ply being different between adjacent plies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2074—Physical properties or dimension of the belt cord
- B60C2009/209—Tensile strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2074—Physical properties or dimension of the belt cord
- B60C2009/2093—Elongation of the reinforcements at break point
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C2200/00—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications
- B60C2200/06—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications for heavy duty vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C2200/00—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications
- B60C2200/06—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications for heavy duty vehicles
- B60C2200/065—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications for heavy duty vehicles for construction vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C9/22—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre
- B60C9/2204—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre obtained by circumferentially narrow strip winding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tire for a heavy vehicle type civil engineering and more particularly, the top of such a tire.
- the invention is more particularly described with reference to a radial tire of large size, intended, for example, to be mounted on a dumper, transport vehicle of materials extracted from quarries or surface mines.
- the nominal diameter of the rim of such a tire within the meaning of the European Tire Standard and Rim Technical Organization or ETRTO, is at least equal to 25 inches.
- a tire having a geometry of revolution with respect to an axis of rotation the tire geometry is generally described in a meridian plane containing the axis of rotation of the tire.
- the radial, axial and circumferential directions respectively designate the directions perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire, parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire and perpendicular to the meridian plane.
- a tire comprises a crown comprising a tread intended to come into contact with the ground via a rolling surface, two beads intended to come into contact with a rim and two flanks connecting the top to the beads.
- a radial tire as generally used for a civil engineering vehicle, more particularly comprises a radial carcass reinforcement and a crown reinforcement, as described, for example, in document WO2014-095957.
- the carcass reinforcement of a radial tire for a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type usually comprises at least one carcass layer comprising reinforcements generally made of metal coated with an elastomeric material called a coating mixture.
- the carcass layer comprises a main portion, connecting the two beads together and wound in each bead, from the inside to the outside of the tire around a generally metallic circumferential reinforcing element called a bead wire, to form a turnaround.
- the metal reinforcements of a carcass layer are substantially parallel to each other and form, with the circumferential direction, an angle of between 85 ° and 95 °.
- the crown reinforcement of a radial tire for a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type comprises a superposition of crown layers arranged circumferentially, radially outside the carcass reinforcement.
- Each crown layer comprises reinforcements generally metallic, parallel to each other and coated with an elastomeric material or coating mixture.
- the crown reinforcement comprises at least one working reinforcement comprising at least two working layers, radially external to the carcass reinforcement and radially inner to the tread. These working layers are superimposed and formed of reinforcements or parallel cables in each layer and crossed from one layer to the next in making with the circumferential direction angles between 10 ° and 45 °. Their respective axial widths are at least equal to two thirds of the maximum axial width of the tire. The maximum axial width of the tire is measured at the sidewalls, the tire being mounted on its rim and slightly inflated, that is to say inflated to a pressure equal to 10% of the nominal pressure as recommended, for example, by the Tire and Rim Association or TRA.
- the working reinforcement comprising at least two working layers, serves to surround the tire and to give rigidity and grip to the tire.
- the reinforcement resumes both mechanical loading of inflation, generated by the inflation pressure of the tire and transmitted by the carcass reinforcement, and mechanical stresses of rolling, generated by the rolling of the tire on a floor and transmitted by the tread. It must also withstand oxidation, shocks and perforations.
- the said working layers, forming the working frame may be radially inner to a protective reinforcement comprising at least one so-called protective layer and formed of reinforcements generally metal and extensible or elastic.
- a protective frame comprising at least one protective layer is advantageous. It essentially protects the working layers from mechanical or physico-chemical aggressions, which can propagate through the tread radially towards the inside of the tire. If the protective layer is unique then it is advantageous that the angle formed by the reinforcements of the protective layer, with the circumferential direction, is identical to that formed by the reinforcements of the most radially outermost working layer.
- the reinforcements are crossed from one layer to the next and the reinforcements of the radially inner protective layer are crossed with the inextensible reinforcements of the radially outer working layer and adjacent to said radially inner protective layer.
- the crown reinforcement may also comprise a layer of inelastic metal reinforcements making with the circumferential direction an angle between 45 ° and 90 °.
- This so-called triangulation layer is radially external to the carcass reinforcement and radially inner to the radially innermost working layer, comprising reinforcements parallel to each other and forming, with the circumferential direction, an angle at most equal to 45 ° in absolute value.
- the triangulation layer forms with at least said working layer a triangulated reinforcement, and its essential role is to take up the transverse compression forces to which the reinforcements are subjected in the area of the crown of the tire.
- This type of vertex architecture comprising triangulation, working and protection layers, implies a flexible top undergoing inflating a significant deformation at the equatorial plane and the shoulders, that is to say at the axial ends of the tread.
- the flexibility at the equatorial plane allows the top to deform without failure when the vehicle is traveling on an obstacle whose size is, for example, the order of magnitude of the tire deflection under its nominal load.
- By arrow means the variation of radius at the mid-point of the tread in the equatorial plane when the tire changes from an unloaded inflated state to a loaded inflated state under its nominal load.
- tires for a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type may comprise one or more narrow reinforcing layers radially external to the carcass reinforcement and radially inner to the frame, centered around the equator. These layers are called shrink thin layers and their function is to limit the radial deformation of the tire to inflation. This limitation makes it possible to reduce the deformation of the top during flattening under the effect of the load and thus the decrease of the temperature allowing an improvement in endurance performance at the top cleavage.
- narrow shrink layers is meant layers whose axial width is less than 0.6 times the axial width of the most radially inner working layer.
- These narrow hooping layers comprise generally metal inextensible reinforcements which form with the circumferential direction angles greater than 6 ° and less than 12 °.
- the respective reinforcements of these narrow hooping layers are crossed from one layer to the next to provide greater rigidity at the top and better endurance resistance at the top cleavage.
- the first disadvantage relates to the manufacture of narrow hooping layers and their laying for tires for heavy vehicles of the large civil engineering type. Indeed, for tires of more than 3 m in diameter and 0.8 m in width, to make a narrow hooping layer whose reinforcements form with the circumferential direction an angle of the order of 8 °, supposes to cut layers narrow hooping over a length of cutting more than 2.5 m in length, out of the range of commercial industrial machines and to achieve the welding of the narrow shrink layer on the tire before baking on the same length, which requires know-how and precision almost double that of laying work or protection layers.
- the second disadvantage is a sensitivity of the tire to shocks related to the presence of large obstacles on the tracks.
- the object of the invention is to improve both the endurance performance cleavage and impact resistance of the top of a heavy vehicle tire type civil engineering.
- a radial carcass reinforcement radially inner to the tread and comprising at least one carcass layer, a crown reinforcement, radially inner to the tread and radially external to the radial carcass reinforcement, and comprising a working reinforcement and a hooping reinforcement
- the working armature comprising at least two working layers, each comprising inelastic metal reinforcements crossed from one working layer to the next and forming, with the circumferential direction, angles at least equal to 15 ° and at most equal to 40 °
- -the shrinking armature being formed by a circumferential winding of a sheet comprising circumferential elastic metal reinforcements making, with the circumferential direction angles at most equal to 2.5 °, said circumferential winding of the sheet extending from a first circumferential end to a second circumferential end radially external to the first circumferential end, so as to form a radial stack of at least two shrink layers
- the hooping reinforcement being radially positioned between the working layers, and the circumferential metal reinforcements of the hooping reinforcement having a breaking force of at least 800 daN.
- such an architecture allows, through the use of circumferential reinforcements, located near the neutral fiber of the summit, to limit the deformation of the crown to the shoulders at a level close to a deformation of the top shoulders obtained in the case of an architecture according to the state of the art, comprising narrow layers of hooping.
- This therefore makes it possible to obtain both the endurance performance at the expected peak cleavage and the impact resistance performance aimed at thanks to a flexible crown at the center that is able to withstand the deformation due to impacts when the vehicle is traveling on obstacles.
- the top of the tire operates as a beam whose neutral fiber is between the working layers according to an imposed deformation mode.
- the hooping frame is formed by a circumferential winding of a sheet.
- the circumferential winding of a sheet is advantageous with respect to the circumferential winding of a reinforcement or of a strip consisting of several reinforcements, for example 10 reinforcements, this type of winding being conventionally used for tires for passenger vehicles or heavy goods vehicles. This conventional winding solution would be prohibitively expensive because of the size of tires for heavy vehicles of the civil engineering type.
- a metal reinforcement is mechanically characterized by a curve representing the tensile force (in N), applied to the metal reinforcement, as a function of the relative elongation (in%) of the metal reinforcement, called the force-elongation curve. From this force-elongation curve are deduced tensile mechanical characteristics, such as the structural elongation A s (in%), the total elongation at break A t (in%), the breaking force F m (load maximum in N) and the breaking strength R m (in MPa), these characteristics being measured according to ISO 6892 of 1984.
- the structural elongation A s results from the relative positioning of the constituent metal wires of the metal reinforcement under a low tensile force.
- the elastic elongation A e results from the elasticity of the metal of the metal wires, constituting the metal reinforcement, taken individually (Hooke's law).
- the plastic elongation A p results from the plasticity (irreversible deformation beyond the limit of elasticity) of the metal of these metal wires taken individually.
- an extension module in GPa which represents the slope of the line tangent to the force-elongation curve at this point.
- elastic module in extension or Young modulus the modulus in extension of the elastic linear part of the force-elongation curve.
- metal reinforcements there are usually used elastic metal reinforcements, such as those generally used in the protective layers, and non-elastic metal reinforcements, such as those generally used in the working layers.
- An elastic metal reinforcement is characterized by a structural elongation A s of at least 1% and a total elongation at break A t of at least 4%.
- an elastic metal reinforcement has an elastic modulus in extension usually between 40 GPa and 150 GPa.
- a non-elastic or inelastic metal reinforcement is characterized by a relative elongation, under a tensile force equal to 10% of the breaking force F m , at most equal to 0.2%. Furthermore, a non-elastic metal reinforcement generally has an elastic modulus in extension usually between 150 GPa and 200 GPa.
- the circumferential reinforcements of the hooping reinforcement are reinforcements which form, with the circumferential direction, angles in the range [-2.5 °, + 2.5 °]. They are elastic to allow the expansion of laying diameter that involves cooking tires in a mold. Indeed, a tire is generally obtained by laying the various elements that constitute it to specific initial diameters.
- the tire is then placed in a baking mold with a diameter greater than the maximum diameter of the tire before firing, in which the elastomeric materials are vulcanized by thermal effect.
- the tire is pressurized in the mold and all the elements that constitute it take a diameter greater than their initial specific diameter.
- this diameter change is made by deformation of the coating mixture of the various reinforcements.
- this circumferential extension is permitted by the reinforcements which are elastic with a structural elongation at least equal to the extension due to molding.
- the circumferential reinforcements of the hooping reinforcement have a breaking force at least equal to 800 daN, to be able to withstand the tensile stresses induced by the passage over obstacles encountered by the tire in use.
- the circumferential metal reinforcements of the hooping reinforcement have a modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation at least equal to 70 GPa and at most equal to
- the circumferential ends of the web constituting the hooping reinforcement make, with the axial direction, angles (A) at least equal to 25 °.
- angles (A) at least equal to 25 °.
- Such an angle makes it possible to avoid having the circumferential ends of the hooping reinforcement contained in a meridian plane and thus to desensitize the surrounding elastomeric materials to cracking.
- each circumferential reinforcing end of the hoop reinforcement is a potential zone of cracking of the surrounding elastomeric materials, these potential areas of cracking must not be concentrated in the same meridian plane in order to avoid the junction of microcracks which may lead to cracking harmful to the endurance of the tire.
- the stress is maximum in the meridian plane corresponding to the maximum deflection.
- This angle thus makes it possible to prevent all the ends of the reinforcements and the elastomeric materials surrounding them from undergoing maximum stresses and deformations in the same meridian plane.
- the angles of each of the circumferential ends of the web constituting the hooping frame with the axial direction are equal and of the same sign.
- the circumferential distance between the first and second circumferential ends of the hooping reinforcement is at least equal to 0.6 m and at most equal to 1.2 m.
- the first and second circumferential ends of the hoop reinforcement are not contained in the same meridian plane and overlap on a circumferential portion of the periphery of the tire, to ensure the presence of the hooping reinforcement over the entire periphery of the tires.
- the circumferential distance between the two circumferential ends of the hooping frame is called the overlap length.
- Per recovery length means the distance circumferential circumferential circumferential circumference of the hooping reinforcement, measured in the equatorial plane, circumferential plane passing through the middle of the tread.
- the overlap length is greater than 0.6 m makes it possible, firstly, to avoid that no area of the tire, under the effect of the diameter change during firing, has a layer of circumferential reinforcements less between the that the number of layers required for use, and second, that each end of a reinforcement being a potential zone of cracking of the surrounding elastomeric materials, these potential areas of cracking are not concentrated in the same meridian plane. even at different rays.
- this length is limited to 1.2 ma consequence of not increasing the raw material cost of the solution, without bringing gain in endurance.
- the average surface of the sheet constituting the hooping reinforcement, in the vicinity of the first circumferential end of the hooping reinforcement makes, with the circumferential direction, an angle, measured in the equatorial plane, at most equal at 45 °.
- one solution consists in arranging, along this end of the hooping frame, a transverse band of elastomeric materials of triangular section. This solution has the effect of reducing the bending stresses in the reinforcement of the hooping reinforcement in the vicinity of the first end of the hooping frame, the most radially inner.
- the average surface of the winding of the hoop reinforcement undergoes a variation in diameter equal to the diameter of the reinforcements of the hooping frame.
- This variation of diameter is done by a bending of the cable that should be limited to preserve the endurance of the top.
- this solution consisting of the laying of a transverse web of elastomeric materials of triangular section fills a cavity which otherwise fills with air before the firing of the tire can generate holes in the elastomeric materials after firing, decreasing the endurance of the tire.
- the average surface of the working layer in the vicinity of the second circumferential end of the hooping reinforcement, makes, with the circumferential direction, an angle, measured in the equatorial plane, at most equal at 45 °.
- the working layer undergoes a variation in diameter equal to the diameter of the reinforcements of the hooping reinforcement, implying a bending of the working layer.
- One solution is to also dispose along this end of a transverse band of elastomeric materials of triangular section to obtain the same technical effects described above, namely the reduction of the bending stresses in the reinforcements of the working layer and the it is impossible to trap air at this point before cooking the tire.
- the preferred solution is such that the axial width of the hooping reinforcement is less than half the axial width of the tire, because, beyond this maximum width, the cycle of the constraints at the wheel turn in the reinforcements of the hooping frame causes significant fatigue reinforcements and a loss of endurance.
- the angle formed by the metal reinforcements of the working layers, with the circumferential direction is at least equal to 28 ° and at most equal to 35 °.
- the hooping frame modifies the rigidities so that the optimum operating is for working layers forming an angle with the circumferential direction of between 28 ° and 35 °. This thus makes it possible to reduce shear at their axial ends and thus improve endurance performance at the top cleavage.
- the two working layers are coupled, in the axial direction, on a coupling portion having an axial width at least equal to 1.5% of the axial width of the tire.
- the axial coupling of the working layers axially outside the axial ends of the reinforcements of the hooping reinforcement, locally allows an increase in the rigidity of the top and therefore a decrease in deformations, hence a decrease in the temperature and an improvement in endurance at the summit cleavage.
- the two working layers are coupled, in the axial direction, on a coupling portion having an axial width at most equal to 5% of the axial width of the tire. Beyond a certain coupling length, the working layers must be decoupled again in order to reduce the shearing of the elastomeric materials in the vicinity of the axial ends of the working layers.
- Another preferred solution is such that the radial distance between the working layer, radially inner to the hooping reinforcement, and the carcass reinforcement, measured at the center of the coupling portion of the two working layers, is at least twice the radial distance between the working layer, radially inner to the hooping reinforcement, and the carcass reinforcement, measured in the equatorial plane.
- one of the possible solutions for coupling the two working layers is to maintain the most radially inner working layer on a laying radius close to its radius at the equator, and to reduce the working layer radially to the coupling radius. outside the hooping frame.
- the differences in radius between the working layers are such that folding the radially outer working layer to the hoop reinforcement generates folds within said layer and molding defects in the zone. coupling.
- the distance from the most radially inner working layer to the highest carcass layer should be increased. radially outside, in the coupling zone, with respect to this same distance to the equator.
- the modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of a first radially inner elastomeric material and in contact with the coupling portion of the working layers is at least equal to the modulus of elasticity.
- the coupling zone of the working layers is an area of greater rigidity than the decoupling zone being axially external to it.
- the modulus of elasticity at 10%> elongation of the first elastomeric material is greater than or equal to the modulus of elasticity at 10%> d elongation of the second material.
- the modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of a first elastomeric material, radially inward and in contact with the coupling portion of the working layers may also be advantageous for the modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of a first elastomeric material, radially inward and in contact with the coupling portion of the working layers, to be at least equal to the modulus of elasticity. at 10%> elongation of an elastomeric material coating the metal reinforcements of the working layer, radially inner to the hooping frame.
- the modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of the first material is equal to the modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of the calendering mixture of the working layer.
- the average surfaces of the working layers are, with the axial direction, angles at most equal to 45 °.
- the working layers are not deformed during the manufacture of the tire so as not to induce bending stresses in their reinforcements
- the average surfaces of the working layers which make with the axial direction an angle close to 0 ° in the axially inner portion at the end of the circumferential reinforcements preferentially join the coupling zone with an angle less than 45 °.
- This geometry can be obtained by laying a strip of an elastomeric material at the axial end of the circumferential reinforcing layers of triangular section.
- the modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of an elastomeric material, axially between each axial end of the shrinking frame and the coupling portion of the working layers is equal to the modulus of elasticity at 10%> elongation of the elastomeric material coating the metal reinforcements of the working layers in order to avoid stress discontinuities related to the changes in stiffness of the elastomeric materials.
- the width of a portion of the working layer, radially inner to the shrinking frame and axially between the outer axial end of the coupling portion and the outer axial end of said working layer at most equal to half the axial width of the hooping frame.
- the axial width of the portion of the working layer, radially external to the shrinking frame and axially between the outer axial end of the coupling portion and the outer axial end of said working layer at most equal to the width of the portion of the working layer, radially inner to the shrinking frame and axially between the outer axial end of the coupling portion and the outer axial end of said working layer; working layer, in order to limit the movements of the axial ends of the working layers in order to improve the endurance at the cleavage of the tire.
- the figures represent only a partial view of a tire which extends symmetrically with respect to the axis XX 'which represents the circumferential median plane, or equatorial plane, of a tire.
- Figure 1 shows a broken perspective view of the top of a tire according to the prior art showing:
- a carcass reinforcement 30 comprising a carcass layer whose reinforcements form an angle close to 90 ° with the circumferential direction XX ',
- a hooping reinforcement 40 comprising two hooping layers 41 and 42 whose reinforcements respectively form angles of 8 ° to 15 ° with the circumferential direction XX ',
- a working frame 50 comprising two working layers 51 and 52, and radially external to the hooping frame 40,
- Figure 2 shows a meridian section of the top of a tire according to the invention having:
- a crown reinforcement 100 comprising a working reinforcement 50 comprising two working layers 51 and 52, a hooping reinforcement 70 comprising a winding of two towers of circumferential reinforcements 71 and 72 having an axial width L1 and a protective reinforcement 60 comprising two protective layers 61 and 62,
- a second elastomeric mixture Z2 radially inner to the radially inner working layer 51 and axially outside the coupling zone of the working layers 51 and 52,
- Figure 3 shows a broken perspective view of the top of a tire according to the invention. It differs essentially from FIG. 1, representing the state of the art, by a hooping reinforcement 70 comprising a winding of two circumferential reinforcing towers 71 and 72, the most radially outermost circumferential end 74 of which is with the axial direction. an angle (A).
- Figure 4 shows a broken perspective and partial view of the top of a tire according to the invention including:
- FIG. 5 represents a circumferential cut, in the equatorial plane, of the circumferential covering portion of the hooping reinforcement 70.
- the hooping reinforcement 70 comprises a radial superposition of two layers 71 and 72
- the hooping frame comprises a radial superposition of three layers.
- the hooping frame 70 makes an angle A2 with the circumferential direction XX '.
- FIG. 6 represents a section of the summit, in a meridian plane, at the axial ends of the hooping layers 71 and 72, where the radially inner and radially outer working layers 52 respectively make angles A4 and A5 with the axial direction YY '.
- Figure 7 shows the displacements in mm of the rolling surface points, located in a meridian plane, during inflation of the tire at the pressure recommended by the manufacturer in the following three cases:
- a tire A of the prior art comprising two narrow hooping layers having the advantage of limiting the rise to the shoulders and thus the risk of cleavage of the working layers, but having the disadvantage of stiffening the center, thus making it sensitive to shocks,
- a tire C of the invention comprising a hooping reinforcement constituted by two layers of circumferential reinforcements radially positioned between the working layers, having both the advantage of limiting the rise to the shoulders and being flexible at the center allowing improved impact resistance.
- the invention was carried out on a tire for civil engineering heavy vehicle of size 40.00R57, of maximum axial width equal to 1115 mm.
- the reference tire according to the state of the art; is composed of a carcass layer with metal reinforcements, two narrow shrinking layers of width equal to 400 mm, having reinforcements forming, with the circumferential direction, an angle equal to 8 °, and crossed from one layer to the following, two working layers of respective widths equal to 740 mm and 680 mm and having reinforcements forming, with the circumferential direction, respective angles equal to 33 ° and 19 °, and two protective layers having reinforcements making, with the circumferential direction, an angle equal to 24 °, and crossed from one layer to the next.
- the tire according to the invention differs from the pneumatic tire of the state of the art by the working reinforcement having two working layers whose respective reinforcements form, with the circumferential direction, an angle equal to 33 °, and by the frettage frame. Between the working layers is arranged the hoop reinforcement constituted by the circumferential winding of two turns of a sheet having an axial width equal to 350 mm and comprising elastic metal circumferential reinforcements having a breaking strength equal to 900 daN and an elastic modulus equal to 90 GPa, these mechanical characteristics being measured on reinforcements extracted from the tire.
- the circumferential ends of the hoop reinforcement of the tire according to the invention form with the axial direction an angle equal to 30 °, and the circumferential covering length of the hooping frame is equal to 1 m.
- At these ends are arranged transverse strips of elastomeric material identical to the mixture coating the reinforcements of the working layers, and of triangular section, having a circumferential width equal to 15 mm and a radial height equal to the diameter of the reinforcements of the hooping frame .
- the two working layers are coupled over an axial width of 25 mm.
- the radial distance between the carcass reinforcement and the most radially inner working layer is equal to 4.6 mm in the equatorial plane, and is equal to 13 mm under the coupling zone of the working layers.
- the elastomeric materials in the different zones around the coupling zone are identical to the elastomeric material coating the reinforcements of the working layers.
- the length of the radially inner working layer to the shrink reinforcement, measured from the outer axial end of the coupling zone to the outer axial end of said working layer, is equal to 107 mm and the length of the working layer radially external to the shrink fitting, measured from the outer axial end of the coupling zone to the outer axial end of said working layer, is equal to 70 mm.
- the tire according to the invention reveals a cleavage damage size 20% lower than for the tire according to the state of the art.
- the tire according to the invention has both an impact resistance at least equal to that of a tire without hoop reinforcement and a peak cleavage gain of 30% with respect to a tire comprising a hooping reinforcement according to the invention. state of the art.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/552,965 US10787035B2 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2016-03-04 | Crown reinforcement for a tire for a heavy-duty civil engineering vehicle |
| CN201680013156.0A CN107438525B (zh) | 2015-03-05 | 2016-03-04 | 用于重型民用工程车辆的轮胎的胎冠增强件 |
| CA2976599A CA2976599A1 (fr) | 2015-03-05 | 2016-03-04 | Armature de sommet de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| AU2016227615A AU2016227615A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2016-03-04 | Crown reinforcement for a tire for a heavy-duty civil engineering vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1551866 | 2015-03-05 | ||
| FR1551866A FR3033287B1 (fr) | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | Armature de sommet de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016139348A1 true WO2016139348A1 (fr) | 2016-09-09 |
Family
ID=53040610
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/054665 Ceased WO2016139348A1 (fr) | 2015-03-05 | 2016-03-04 | Armature de sommet de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10787035B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN107438525B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2016227615A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2976599A1 (fr) |
| CL (1) | CL2017002202A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3033287B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016139348A1 (fr) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018091801A1 (fr) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| WO2018091802A1 (fr) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| WO2019129948A1 (fr) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| WO2020053070A1 (fr) | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage bi-module de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| WO2020053071A1 (fr) | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| WO2021094688A1 (fr) | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de sommet de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de genie civil |
| US20220194132A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-06-23 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Micelin | Tire for Agricultural Vehicle Comprising an Improved Tread |
| FR3140301A1 (fr) * | 2022-10-03 | 2024-04-05 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Procédé de fabrication de pneumatiques de plusieurs dimensions |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10556466B2 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | Bridgestone Corporation | Tire |
| FR3058929A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-25 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Sommet de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| WO2019122720A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Câbles multi-torons à deux couches à très bas, bas et moyen modules |
| CN111989228A (zh) * | 2018-04-17 | 2020-11-24 | 米其林集团总公司 | 用于重型土木工程车辆的轮胎的保护增强件 |
| FR3090494A3 (fr) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | Michelin & Cie | Pneumatique pour véhicule comprenant une structure de rigidification. |
| FR3094272A1 (fr) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-02 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique à couches de travail comprenant une architecture et une sculpture optimisées |
| FR3099087B1 (fr) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-07-02 | Michelin & Cie | Pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil avec une armature sommet simplifiee |
| FR3117409B1 (fr) * | 2020-12-15 | 2026-01-16 | Michelin & Cie | Architecture optimisée d’un pneumatique de type Génie Civil |
| FR3160129B1 (fr) | 2024-03-18 | 2026-03-20 | Michelin & Cie | Bande de roulement et sommet optimisés de pneumatique de génie civil |
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| FR2419182A1 (fr) | 1978-03-10 | 1979-10-05 | Michelin & Cie | Pneumatique a carcasse radiale, notamment pour engins de genie civil |
| US5772810A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1998-06-30 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablisse-Ments Michelin - Michelin & Cie | Radial tire with triangulated crown reinforcement |
| US5843583A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1998-12-01 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Cord with high non-structural elongation |
| FR2770458A1 (fr) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-07 | Michelin & Cie | Armature de sommet pour pneumatique "poids-lours" |
| WO2005014925A1 (fr) | 2003-07-22 | 2005-02-17 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Corde hybride a fort coefficient d'elongation |
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| FR2864556B1 (fr) | 2003-12-24 | 2006-02-24 | Michelin Soc Tech | Cable a couches pour armature de carcasse de pneumatique |
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- 2015-03-05 FR FR1551866A patent/FR3033287B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-03-04 US US15/552,965 patent/US10787035B2/en active Active
- 2016-03-04 WO PCT/EP2016/054665 patent/WO2016139348A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-03-04 CN CN201680013156.0A patent/CN107438525B/zh active Active
- 2016-03-04 CA CA2976599A patent/CA2976599A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2016-03-04 AU AU2016227615A patent/AU2016227615A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2017
- 2017-08-31 CL CL2017002202A patent/CL2017002202A1/es unknown
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| FR2419182A1 (fr) | 1978-03-10 | 1979-10-05 | Michelin & Cie | Pneumatique a carcasse radiale, notamment pour engins de genie civil |
| US5772810A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1998-06-30 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablisse-Ments Michelin - Michelin & Cie | Radial tire with triangulated crown reinforcement |
| US5843583A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1998-12-01 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Cord with high non-structural elongation |
| FR2770458A1 (fr) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-07 | Michelin & Cie | Armature de sommet pour pneumatique "poids-lours" |
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| WO2005014925A1 (fr) | 2003-07-22 | 2005-02-17 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Corde hybride a fort coefficient d'elongation |
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| WO2007090603A1 (fr) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Cable composite elastique pour pneumatique |
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| WO2014048897A1 (fr) | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-03 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109982868B (zh) * | 2016-11-21 | 2021-07-13 | 米其林集团总公司 | 用于重型土木工程车辆的轮胎的环箍增强件 |
| WO2018091802A1 (fr) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| FR3058926A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-25 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| FR3058925A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-25 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| CN109952211A (zh) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-06-28 | 米其林集团总公司 | 用于重型土木工程车辆的轮胎的环箍增强件 |
| WO2018091801A1 (fr) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| CN109982868A (zh) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-07-05 | 米其林集团总公司 | 用于重型土木工程车辆的轮胎的环箍增强件 |
| CN109952211B (zh) * | 2016-11-21 | 2021-04-06 | 米其林集团总公司 | 用于重型土木工程车辆的轮胎的环箍增强件 |
| WO2019129948A1 (fr) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| US11565551B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-01-31 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Hooping reinforcement for a tire of a heavy duty civil engineering vehicle |
| WO2020053070A1 (fr) | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage bi-module de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| WO2020053071A1 (fr) | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de frettage d'un pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de type genie civil |
| US20220194132A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-06-23 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Micelin | Tire for Agricultural Vehicle Comprising an Improved Tread |
| FR3103139A1 (fr) | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-21 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de sommet de pneumatique pour véhicule lourd de génie civil |
| WO2021094688A1 (fr) | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Armature de sommet de pneumatique pour vehicule lourd de genie civil |
| FR3140301A1 (fr) * | 2022-10-03 | 2024-04-05 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Procédé de fabrication de pneumatiques de plusieurs dimensions |
| WO2024074781A1 (fr) * | 2022-10-03 | 2024-04-11 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Procede de fabrication de pneumatiques de plusieurs dimensions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CL2017002202A1 (es) | 2018-04-20 |
| FR3033287B1 (fr) | 2017-03-10 |
| CN107438525A (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
| CA2976599A1 (fr) | 2016-09-09 |
| CN107438525B (zh) | 2019-05-31 |
| US10787035B2 (en) | 2020-09-29 |
| FR3033287A1 (fr) | 2016-09-09 |
| AU2016227615A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| US20180056723A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
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