WO2016140414A1 - 촬영 정보에 기초하여 영상을 압축하는 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
촬영 정보에 기초하여 영상을 압축하는 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016140414A1 WO2016140414A1 PCT/KR2015/009437 KR2015009437W WO2016140414A1 WO 2016140414 A1 WO2016140414 A1 WO 2016140414A1 KR 2015009437 W KR2015009437 W KR 2015009437W WO 2016140414 A1 WO2016140414 A1 WO 2016140414A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/115—Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/162—User input
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/167—Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/172—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
Definitions
- the image encoding method and apparatus may encode the image based on the shooting information obtained when the image is captured.
- Apparatuses for encoding an image perform encoding by compressing the image as a method for efficiently decoding the image, and such compression may include a quantization process.
- quantization image quality deterioration may occur relative to the original image.
- image compression may be efficiently performed by performing compression based on whether the user can recognize image quality degradation significantly.
- a technique for performing high-efficiency compression without subjective image quality deterioration has been proposed by relatively compressing a portion that is difficult to visually recognize by analyzing the image itself.
- the image analysis process required to determine the degree of compression is a method of determining the importance of each region or analyzing the frequency components of the entire image, high complexity is required. If the image analysis process is simplified, the accuracy of the analysis results may be reduced, resulting in deterioration of image quality or difficulty in outputting sufficient compression results.
- a method of encoding an image comprising: obtaining photographing information determined in a process of photographing an image; Generating metadata for determining a compression strength of the image based on the photographing information; Determining a compressive strength of the image based on the metadata; And encoding the image based on the determined compression strength.
- the image encoding method and apparatus may perform the encoding process efficiently by compressing the image based on the shooting information obtained when the image is captured, without further analyzing the captured image itself.
- FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an image encoding apparatus, according to an embodiment.
- 1B is a block diagram of an image decoding apparatus for reproducing an image compressed by an image encoding apparatus.
- 1C is a flowchart of an image encoding method that may be performed by an image encoding apparatus, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2A illustrates a process of acquiring photographing information that is information about a motion of an image encoding apparatus when a motion of the image encoding apparatus occurs in a process of photographing an image.
- 2B illustrates a process of recognizing a face region of a person in a process of capturing an image including a person, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2C illustrates a process of identifying a focus area that is a focused area when the image encoding apparatus photographs an image according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a process of determining photographing information including information on an average brightness value based on a histogram of an image photographed by an image encoding apparatus, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- 4A and 4B illustrate an arrangement for representing a quantization process performed by an image encoding apparatus, according to an embodiment.
- 4C illustrates a luminance quantization table and a color difference quantization table according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a configuration of an image encoding apparatus for encoding a dynamic image, according to an embodiment.
- the image decoding apparatus may perform a decoding process that matches the image compression standard used by the image encoding apparatus to reproduce the compressed image by the image encoding apparatus.
- a method of encoding an image comprising: obtaining photographing information determined in a process of photographing an image; Generating metadata for determining a compression strength of the image based on the photographing information; Determining a compressive strength of the image based on the metadata; And encoding the image based on the determined compression strength.
- the acquiring the shooting information may include acquiring the shooting information including at least one of an exposure value, a shutter speed, an aperture value, and an ISO sensitivity of the image, and generating the metadata.
- the performing may include generating information on an average brightness value of the image based on the obtained photographing information.
- the acquiring of the shooting information may include acquiring the shooting information from a sensor including at least one of an earth magnetic field sensor and an acceleration sensor, which is attached to the apparatus for shooting the image.
- the generating of the metadata may include generating motion information of the image based on the obtained photographing information.
- the acquiring of the shooting information may include acquiring the shooting information including at least one of information on a face recognition area and a focused area in the image.
- the generating may include generating coordinate data related to the photographing information based on the obtained photographing information.
- the determining of the compressive strength may include determining the compressive strength by compressing the region indicated by the photographing information relatively weakly than other regions of the image.
- the determining of the compressive strength may include determining the compressive strength by compressing strongly as the average brightness value is brighter, and weakly compressing by compressing weakly as the average brightness value is dark. It may include.
- determining the compressive strength may include determining the compressive strength by compressing more strongly as the motion information indicates that the device moves faster.
- the acquiring of the photographing information may include obtaining the photographing information including at least one of information on a face recognition region and a focused region based on a preview image associated with the image. It may include.
- the acquiring of the photographing information may include photographing information including at least one of an auto focus function or information on a face area or a focused area of the person determined by the user's selection on the preview screen. It may include the step of obtaining.
- the determining of the compressive strength may include determining a quantization parameter or a quantization table for quantizing the image based on the metadata.
- an apparatus for encoding an image comprising: a photographing information obtaining unit obtaining photographing information in a process of photographing an image; A controller configured to generate metadata for determining a compressive strength of the image based on the photographing information, determine a compressive strength of the image based on the metadata, and encode the image based on the determined compressive strength;
- An image encoding apparatus may be provided.
- the photographing information acquisition unit may acquire the photographing information including at least one of an exposure value, a shutter speed, an aperture value, and an ISO sensitivity of the image, and the controller is configured to obtain the photographing information based on the obtained photographing information.
- Information about an average brightness value of an image may be generated.
- the photographing information acquisition unit is attached to the apparatus for photographing the image, and may acquire photographing information from a sensor including at least one of an earth magnetic field sensor and an acceleration sensor, and the controller photographs the obtained photographing information.
- the motion information of the image may be generated based on the information.
- the photographing information acquisition unit may acquire the photographing information including at least one of information on a face recognition area and a focused area in the image, and the controller may be configured based on the obtained photographing information. Coordinate data related to the photographing information may be generated.
- the controller may determine the compression strength by compressing the region indicated by the photographing information relatively weaker than other regions of the image.
- control unit may determine the compressive strength by compressing strongly as the average brightness value is brighter and weakly compress the weaker as the average brightness value is darker.
- the controller may determine the compressive strength by compressing strongly as the motion information indicates that the device moves fast.
- the image encoding apparatus wherein the photographing information obtaining unit obtains the photographing information including at least one of information on a face recognition region and a focused region based on the preview image associated with the image.
- the photographing information obtaining unit obtains the photographing information including at least one of an auto focus function or information on a face area or a focused area of the person determined by the user's selection on the preview screen. It can be characterized.
- the controller is configured to determine a quantization parameter (Quantization Parameter) or a quantization table (Quantization Table) for quantizing the image based on the metadata.
- a computer-readable recording medium containing a computer program for performing the image encoding method may be provided.
- part refers to a hardware component, such as software, FPGA or ASIC, and “part” plays certain roles. However, “part” is not meant to be limited to software or hardware.
- the “unit” may be configured to be in an addressable storage medium and may be configured to play one or more processors.
- a “part” refers to components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, processes, functions, properties, procedures, Subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays and variables.
- the functionality provided within the components and “parts” may be combined into a smaller number of components and “parts” or further separated into additional components and “parts”.
- the "image” may be a static image such as a still image of a video or may represent a dynamic image such as a video, that is, the video itself.
- sample means data to be processed as data allocated to a sampling position of an image.
- pixel values and transform coefficients on a transform region may be samples in an image of a spatial domain.
- a unit including the at least one sample may be defined as a block.
- FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an image encoding apparatus 10 according to an embodiment.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may include a photographing information acquisition unit 11 and a controller 13.
- the photographing information obtaining unit 11 may acquire the photographing image to process the photographing information necessary for the image processing performed by the image encoding apparatus 10.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may further include an image sensor (not shown) and an optical unit (not shown) capable of capturing an image.
- an image sensor not shown
- an optical unit not shown
- FIG. 1C is a flowchart of an image encoding method that may be performed by the image encoding apparatus 10, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may acquire photographing information in a process of photographing an image.
- the photographing information may correspond to information about a photographing environment that may be acquired by the image encoding apparatus 10 in the process of photographing an image.
- the photographing information may include information about a brightness value obtained from the illuminance sensor when the image is captured.
- the photographing information may include information on at least one of an exposure value, a shutter speed, an aperture value, and an ISO sensitivity set for capturing an image by the image encoding apparatus 10.
- the information on the exposure value, the shutter speed, the aperture value, and the ISO sensitivity may correspond to an element capable of determining the brightness of the image to be processed. Therefore, the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine how much the brightness of the image currently being captured is based on the shooting information acquired through the shooting information acquisition unit 11. That is, the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine the brightness value of the image based only on the photographing information, without further analyzing the image data that is the result of capturing the image, so that an additional image analysis process may be omitted.
- the image capturing information obtaining unit 11 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain information about the movement of the image encoding apparatus 10 as the image capturing information in the process of capturing the image. Movement may occur while the image encoding apparatus 10 captures an image.
- sensors attached to the image encoding apparatus 10 for example, the photographing information acquisition unit 11 may use absolute sensors such as an earth magnetic field sensor, an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, or an absolute position change or acceleration motion. Information about a change in the photographing angle can be obtained.
- FIG. 2A illustrates a process of acquiring photographing information, which is information about a movement of the image encoding apparatus 10, when the movement of the image encoding apparatus 10 occurs while capturing an image.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate a motion while capturing an image. Such movement may occur due to hand shaking during the photographing process of the user, or may be generated as the user intentionally moves the image encoding apparatus 10 for capturing as the subject moves. For example, intentional movement of the image encoding apparatus 10 occurs when capturing through a photographing method for highlighting a moving subject such as a panning shot.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may move together in a direction 22b corresponding to the direction 22a in which the subject moves.
- the motion of the video encoding apparatus 10 may appear in the form of a change in the angle of the image sensor of the video encoding apparatus 10, a change in the position of the video encoding apparatus 10, an acceleration motion of the video encoding apparatus 10, or the like. Can be.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may capture an image while moving at the same speed as the subject 21, or the image sensor of the image encoding apparatus 10 may be the subject 21. You can shoot while changing the angle toward ().
- the image capturing information obtaining unit 11 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain image capturing information including information on the movement of the image encoding apparatus 10 during the process of capturing the image 20.
- the obtained photographing information may include information about a position change, an acceleration motion pattern, and an angle change pattern of the image encoding apparatus 10 obtained from various types of sensors.
- the image capturing information obtaining unit 11 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain information about a face recognition region and a focused region included in the image during the image capturing process.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform a process of recognizing a face of a person when the scene to be photographed includes a person, and the recognized area may correspond to a more important area than other areas. Can be.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform image compression based on the photographing information by obtaining photographing information including information about an area corresponding to the person.
- an area in focus in an image captured by the image encoding apparatus 10 may correspond to an area that is more important than other areas.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform image compression based on the photographing information by acquiring photographing information including information on the focused area.
- FIG. 2B illustrates a process of recognizing a face region of a person in the process of capturing an image 23 including a person, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- At least one person may be included in the image 23 captured by the image encoding apparatus 10, and the image encoding apparatus 10 may distinguish the face region 24 of the person from the image 23.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may display a preview that may be displayed on a display unit (not shown) included in the image encoding apparatus 10 to distinguish the face region 24 of the person from the image 23.
- Video can be used.
- the face region 24 may be detected in real time during the image capturing process by using the preview image which may be displayed on the display unit (not shown) during the capturing process.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may include a photographing information acquisition unit. In operation 11, photographing information including information indicating that the face region 24 that may be distinguished from the image 23 is included may be acquired in the photographing process.
- FIG. 2C illustrates a process of dividing a focus area 27 that is a focused area when the image encoding apparatus 10 captures an image 26 according to an embodiment.
- the image 26 captured by the image encoding apparatus 10 may include a focus region 27, and the image encoding apparatus 10 may distinguish the focus region 27 from the image 26.
- the process of identifying the focused region may be performed in real time in the process of capturing the image 26.
- an area in focus may be detected using a preview image that may be displayed on a display unit (not shown) included in the image encoding apparatus 10.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may display the image 26 through the photographing information acquisition unit 11. Photographing information including information indicating that the distinguishable focus area 27 is included may be acquired during the capturing process.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate metadata for determining the compression strength of the image based on the photographing information obtained in operation S110.
- Meta data is a data type that can be used in the process of encoding the image captured by the image encoding apparatus 10.
- the metadata includes information that can be used to determine a compression parameter for compressing an image. can do.
- the controller 13 may acquire metadata including information on an average brightness value of an image currently captured by using the acquired shooting information.
- the controller 13 may acquire metadata including information on an average of brightness values of the current image by using photographing information including an exposure value obtained from an illuminance sensor.
- the controller 13 may generate metadata including information representing the movement of the image, based on the photographing information including information about how much the photographing apparatus moves in the process of capturing the image. .
- the information representing the motion of the image may include a global motion vector of the image.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may acquire the shooting information including the motion information obtainable by using at least one of an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, and an earth magnetic field sensor through the photographing information obtaining unit 11.
- the controller 13 may generate information on the global motion vector of the captured image, based on the obtained photographing information.
- the controller 13 captures the image by using a sensor capable of measuring a motion such as a geomagnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a gyro sensor.
- a sensor capable of measuring a motion such as a geomagnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a gyro sensor.
- information about the degree of movement of the image encoding apparatus 10 may be obtained, and a global motion vector value related to the captured static image may be determined based on the obtained information.
- the information about the degree of movement may be interpreted as photographing information, and the global motion vector value may be interpreted as meta data.
- the controller 13 may include a sensor capable of measuring movement such as a geomagnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a gyro sensor. Information about the degree of movement of the image encoding apparatus 10 during image capturing may be obtained, and a global motion vector value associated with the captured dynamic image may be determined based on the obtained information. Furthermore, the controller 13 may obtain not only the global motion vector value of the entire dynamic image, but also the motion vector value of the region including the object included in the dynamic image. The motion vector value of such an object may be obtained through comparison between regions including the object in a plurality of frames of the dynamic image.
- the controller 13 may acquire metadata including information on an average brightness value of an image captured based on a shutter speed, an aperture value, information on an ISO sensitivity, and the like related to the image currently captured. have.
- the controller 13 when the image photographed by the image encoding apparatus 10 corresponds to a static image, the controller 13 is shutter speed and aperture value as photographing information related to the static image photographed by the photographing information obtaining unit 11. , Parameters such as information on ISO sensitivity, and the like, and may generate metadata including information on an average brightness value at the moment a static image is captured, based on the obtained photographing information. For example, to determine an average brightness value of a static image, the average brightness of the static image is according to a look-up table for brightness values determined based on information such as shutter speed, aperture value, ISO sensitivity, and the like. A method of determining the value can be used.
- the histogram of a static image captured by the image encoding apparatus 10 may be analyzed to obtain information on an average brightness value.
- the histogram not only relates to the image to be photographed itself, that is, to the uncompressed image data, but also to a representative image such as a preview image that can be displayed on a display unit (not shown) of the image encoding apparatus 10. It may be. Since uncompressed image data generated by capturing the image encoding apparatus 10 is represented in an RGB color space, the histogram obtained in the capturing process may be an RGB histogram. Based on the histogram for each color or the average of the histograms of each color, information about an average brightness value of the photographed static image may be obtained.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain photographing information indicating that the image has a large average brightness value.
- the method of determining the average brightness value is not limited thereto, and information on the average brightness value of the image photographed by various methods may be determined.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a process of determining photographing information including information on an average brightness value based on a histogram of an image captured by the image encoding apparatus 10, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the second histogram Reference numeral 33 may indicate a tendency to be positioned on the right side relative to the first histogram 32. That is, when the photographing information acquired by the photographing information obtaining unit 11 obtains information on the average brightness value based on the second histogram 33, the information on the mean brightness value based on the first histogram 31. It may represent that the average brightness value is relatively brighter than that obtained.
- the controller 13 may capture shutter speed and aperture as photographing information while capturing the dynamic image from the photographing information obtaining unit 11. Parameters such as a value, information on ISO sensitivity, and the like may be obtained for a plurality of frames included in the dynamic image.
- the controller 13 may generate metadata including information on an average brightness value of each of the plurality of frames of the dynamic image based on the obtained photographing information. For example, as a method of determining an average brightness value of a plurality of frames, according to a look-up table for brightness values determined based on information such as shutter speed, aperture value, ISO sensitivity, etc. obtained for the plurality of frames, The method in which the average brightness value of the static image is determined can be used.
- the photographing information obtaining unit 11 may obtain only photographing information of a plurality of frames constituting the dynamic image without obtaining photographing information of all the plurality of frames constituting the dynamic image.
- 13 may generate metadata including information on an average brightness value for frames of the dynamic image based on the photographing information about a portion of the plurality of frames.
- the method of determining the average brightness value is not limited thereto, and information on the average brightness value of the static image may be determined by various methods.
- the histogram of the dynamic image captured by the image encoding apparatus 10 may be analyzed to obtain information about an average brightness value.
- the histogram not only relates to the dynamic image to be photographed, that is, the uncompressed image data, but also to a representative image such as a preview image of a dynamic image that can be displayed on a display unit (not shown) of the image encoding apparatus 10. It may be.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain shooting information indicating that the frame has a large average brightness value of the static image when a histogram having a large brightness value for each color is obtained for each frame constituting the captured dynamic image. have.
- photographing information including information on an average brightness value of all the frames constituting the captured dynamic image may be obtained.
- the method of determining the average brightness value is not limited thereto, and the average of images photographed by various methods may be obtained. Information about the brightness value may be determined.
- the photographing information acquisition unit 11 may acquire photographing information including information on at least one of a face region and a focused region recognized in the photographing process, and the controller 13 may acquire Meta data including coordinate information of the corresponding area may be generated based on the photographing information.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine the compressive strength of the image based on the generated metadata.
- the image photographed by the image encoding apparatus 10 may be encoded using a method matching the current standard.
- the encoding process using a method matching a standard specification may include a compression process for efficient bitstream management for transmitting uncompressed image data (Raw Data) without compressing a captured image to a decoding apparatus.
- Meta data generated by the control unit 13 may correspond to a form that is not available during processing in the standard. Accordingly, in order to implement an efficient compression method of an image according to an embodiment, the controller 13 may convert the metadata into a data form that matches the meaning of the metadata as the meaning represented by the metadata.
- a data type matching the standard may be defined as a compression parameter, and the compression parameter may exist in various forms for each standard.
- standards for reproducing static images e.g., Joint Photographic Coding Experts Group (JPEG), JPEG-2000, JPEG-XR, WebP, etc.
- JPEG Joint Photographic Coding Experts Group
- JPEG-2000 JPEG-2000
- JPEG-XR JPEG-XR
- WebP WebP
- the degree of compression of an image may be determined using a quantization parameter.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may acquire metadata including information on an average brightness value of an image currently captured by using the obtained shooting information.
- the compression parameter may determine the compression degree of the image based on the metadata.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine a compression parameter to compress the image strongly.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine a compression parameter to compress the image weakly.
- the controller 13 may determine the quantization table to indicate that the compression is strongly performed. In order to encode the static image, the controller 13 may perform a discrete cosine transform (DCT), quantization, and entropy encoding on the static image.
- DCT discrete cosine transform
- the image data photographed by the image encoding apparatus 10 may be raw image data that is not initially compressed. Uncompressed image data may be expressed in an RGB color space. Such uncompressed image data may have better image quality than compressed image data during playback, but may be inefficient in a process such as transmission and storage of image data because the amount of data is relatively large.
- the color space may be changed so that the uncompressed image data may be expressed in a YUV space including a luminance component and a chrominance component instead of the RGB color space by performing a color transform process.
- the brightness of the corresponding image may be expressed through the luminance component, and thus, when the image is expressed based only on the luminance component, a black and white image may be provided.
- a user looking at the displayed image may be more sensitive to the luminance component than the chrominance component. That is, the user can more easily recognize the case where the brightness is different than when the color is different.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may efficiently perform image compression based on the user's visual recognition model by strongly setting the compression strength in the case of an image having a poor recognition ability.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform a down-sampling process of uncompressed image data changed into a YUV space for efficient image compression. Furthermore, the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate a sub image including 8x8 blocks of uncompressed image data changed into a YUV space. The image encoding apparatus 10 may divide DCT coefficients into DC and AC components by performing DCT on the divided blocks. For example, the values of the first row and the first column of the matrix including the DCT coefficients output by performing the DCT on the sub-image composed of 8x8 blocks may be DC components, and the remaining values may correspond to AC components.
- the value of the DC component and the values of the AC components positioned around the DC component may have a larger value. That is, the smaller and simpler the complexity of the captured image, the greater the value of the DC component and the value of the AC components located around the DC component. As the complexity of the captured image increases, the user's recognition ability of deterioration of image quality may decrease. Accordingly, the image encoding apparatus 10 may output an efficient compression result by performing strong compression on a large complexity image.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain a DCT transform matrix including DCT coefficients through DCT transform, and the obtained DCT transform matrix may include a DCT transform matrix for a luminance component or a chrominance component. have.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform quantization using a quantization table (or quantization matrix).
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform a quantization process by dividing a DCT transform matrix including DCT coefficients of luminance components or chrominance components into a quantization table.
- 4A and 4B illustrate an arrangement for representing a quantization process performed by the image encoding apparatus 10, according to an embodiment.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate a sub image 40 including 8x8 blocks of luminance components or chrominance components of uncompressed image data generated during a photographing process.
- a sub image matrix 41 representing values for the sub image 40 may be generated.
- the values of the generated sub image matrix 41 may be represented by 8 bits. That is, since the values included in the sub image matrix 41 may have 256 values, the image encoding apparatus 10 converts the values of the sub image matrix 41 to have integer values from -128 to 127.
- the converted sub-image matrix 42 may be generated by zooming.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate the DCT transformation matrix 43a by performing DCT transformation on the transformed sub-image matrix 42.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may use the quantization table 44a for processing the DCT transform matrix 43a.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may use the quantization table for the luminance component or the quantization table for the chrominance component, respectively, as the quantization table 44a.
- a quantization table for luminance components is used for convenience of description.
- the DCT conversion matrix 43a contains coefficients for the DC component and the AC component. Accordingly, the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform quantization by dividing the DC component and the AC component in the quantization process.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate the quantized matrix 45a by dividing the DCT transform matrix 43a into the quantization table 44a.
- quantized matrix 45a may include quantized DC component 45b and quantized AC components 45c.
- quantized matrix 45b may include quantized DC component 45b and quantized AC components 45c.
- the value of the quantized DC component 45b may increase, and quantized among the quantized AC components 45c. The value of the AC components close to the DC component 45b can be large.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may include at least one of a quantization table for luminance components and a quantization table for chrominance components. Quantization may be performed using.
- 4C illustrates a luminance quantization table 46 and a color difference quantization table 47 according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4C, it can be seen that the luminance quantization table 46 and the color difference quantization table 47 include different values. Specifically, the luminance quantization table 46 generally includes a smaller value than the chrominance quantization table 47.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 using the luminance quantization table 46 including a small value compresses an image with a weaker compression intensity for the luminance component than when the color difference component is compressed using the color difference quantization table 47. You can decide. Since the user is less sensitive to the change in the chrominance component than the change in the luminance component, the user may not be aware of the change in the chrominance component even if compression is performed stronger than the luminance component. Accordingly, according to the user's visual recognition model, the image encoding apparatus 10 may compress the color difference component more strongly than the luminance component based on the luminance quantization table 46 and the color difference quantization table 47.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may use a quantization parameter to compress the dynamic image.
- quantization may be performed on a plurality of blocks included in each frame, and the compression strength through quantization may be determined based on the size of the quantization parameter.
- Standard standards for processing the dynamic image captured by the image encoding apparatus 10 may vary.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may encode or decode an image through a process matching a moving image compression standard such as MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) or H. 26X.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate a bitstream by compressing the image data through a prediction step, a transform step, a quantization step, and an encoding step.
- a prediction image of image data to be encoded may be formed by intra prediction using spatial correlation or inter prediction using temporal correlation.
- a prediction image may be formed through inter-layer prediction, which may perform a prediction process between layers by processing image data including a plurality of layers.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 converts error data, which is a difference value between the predicted image and the original image formed in the predicting step, into a transform domain using various transform techniques.
- error data which is a difference value between the predicted image and the original image formed in the predicting step
- various transform techniques For example, in H. 264, a discrete cosine transform (DCT), a Hadamard transform, and the like may be used as examples of representative transformation techniques.
- DCT discrete cosine transform
- Hadamard transform and the like may be used as examples of representative transformation techniques.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 appropriately loss compresses the transform coefficients generated through the transform step according to the size of the target bitstream.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate a plurality of standard image and video codecs based on lossy compression by performing a quantization process according to a quantization step.
- the quantization process obtains a quantized value by dividing an input value by a quantization step and then integerizing it. Since the quantized value is an integer value within the range of (1 / quantization step) from the original range of the input value, the amount of information can be lost and compressed through the quantization process.
- All lossy compression techniques include a quantization step, which makes it impossible to fully recover the original data, but can increase the compression rate.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a configuration of an image encoding apparatus 50 for encoding a dynamic image, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the image encoding apparatus 50 of FIG. 5 may correspond to the image encoding apparatus 10 of FIG. 1A.
- the image encoding apparatus 50 performs operations that the control unit 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 performs in encoding image data in FIG. 1A.
- the inter prediction unit 57b may perform an operation on each of the coding units included in the maximum coding unit. ), Intra predictor 57a, transformer 52a, quantizer 52b, entropy encoder 53, inverse quantizer 54b, inverse transform 54a, deblocking (not shown) and SAO
- the control unit 13 may include an execution unit (not shown).
- the intra predictor 57a performs intra prediction for each coding unit of the intra mode among the current images 51, and the inter predictor 57b performs the current image 51 for each prediction unit with respect to the coding unit of the inter mode.
- inter prediction is performed using the reference image obtained from the reconstructed picture buffer 56.
- the current image 51 may be divided into maximum coding units and then sequentially encoded. In this case, encoding may be performed on the coding unit in which the largest coding unit is to be divided into a tree structure.
- Residual data is generated by subtracting the prediction data of the coding unit of each mode output from the intra prediction unit 57a or the inter prediction unit 57b from the data of the encoding unit of the current image 51.
- the residual data is output as transform coefficients quantized for each transform unit through the transform unit 52a and the quantization unit 52b.
- the quantized transform coefficients are reconstructed into residual data in the spatial domain through the inverse quantization unit 54b and the inverse transform unit 54a.
- the residual data of the reconstructed spatial domain is added to the prediction data of the coding unit of each mode output from the intra predictor 57a or the inter predictor 57b, thereby adding the residual data of the spatial domain to the coding unit of the current image 51.
- the data is restored.
- the filtering unit 55 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may include a deblocking unit (not shown) capable of performing deblocking filtering and an SAO (Inverse Loop Filtering) using sample adaptive offset. It may also include a Sample Adaptive Offset) execution unit (not shown).
- the generated reconstructed image is stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 56.
- the reconstructed images stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 56 may be used as reference images for inter prediction of another image.
- the transform coefficients quantized by the transformer 52a and the quantizer 52b may be output as the bitstream 58 via the entropy encoder 53.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 50 may perform a quantization process corresponding to the features of the quantization unit 52b and perform an inverse quantization process corresponding to the features of the inverse quantization unit 54b.
- the controller 13 may determine the compression strength for determining the degree of compressing the dynamic image based on the quantization parameter.
- the compression intensity may be determined based on the quantization parameters of each of the luminance component and the chrominance component constituting the dynamic image.
- the quantized data with the determined compressive strength may then undergo a reverse process of the quantization unit 52b through the inverse quantization unit 54b to generate a reconstructed image.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine the quantization coefficients based on Equation 1 below.
- Coeff represents the original transform coefficient
- Offset represents the offset
- Q_Step represents the quantization step
- Q_Coeff represents the quantized transform coefficient
- round represents the real value in parentheses ([]) An operation that matches a real value to the nearest integer.
- the sgn (Coeff) function has a value of 1 when the Coeff value in parentheses is greater than 0, and a value of -1 when the Coeff value is less than 0.
- the offset is a real value between 0 and 1, and preferably set to have the same value in the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus.
- the quantization unit 110 performs quantization by dividing a transform coefficient into a predetermined quantization step (Q_Step) to output quantization coefficients.
- the quantization step Q_Step may have a value predetermined by the quantization parameter QP according to the image compression standard.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine a predetermined quantization step Q_Step based on the quantization parameter QP as shown in Table 1 below.
- the quantization parameter QP generally has a proportional relationship with the quantization step Q_Step.
- the quantization step Q_Step is increased by 2 each time the quantization parameter QP is increased by six.
- the quantization unit 52b may perform quantization using a quantization step determined by the quantization parameter QP.
- the quantization coefficients are rearranged in a predetermined order and then entropy encoded by the entropy encoder 53 to generate a bitstream.
- the quantized picture is reconstructed by the inverse quantization unit 54b and the inverse transform unit 54a to obtain a reference picture used for prediction of the B picture or the P picture.
- the reconstructed picture may be stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 56 and then used as a reference picture for the next picture after passing through the filtering unit 55 that may perform deblocking filtering or SAO filtering.
- the intra prediction unit 57a and the inter prediction unit 57b determine a partition mode and a prediction mode of each coding unit among the coding units having a tree structure in consideration of the maximum size and the maximum depth of the current maximum coding unit, and transform The unit 52a may determine whether to split the transform unit according to the quad tree in each coding unit among the coding units having the tree structure.
- the image encoding method performed by the image encoding apparatus 10 is not limited to the encoding method. .
- the control unit 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain metadata based on the photographing information obtained through the photographing government obtaining unit 11, and may compress the based on the obtained metadata.
- Strength can be determined.
- the method of determining the compression strength by the image encoding apparatus 10 may vary according to the characteristics of the image. As described in the above embodiments, the compression strength is related to the compression of the dynamic image and the quantization table related to the compression of the static image. May be determined based on quantization parameters and the like. Furthermore, in the image compression standard for processing a dynamic image, the compression strength may be determined according to the type of a plurality of frames constituting the dynamic image.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform compression on an I frame with a relatively weak strength as compared with compression that performs inter prediction on a B frame or a P frame. This is because the I frame has a relatively higher importance than the B frame or the P frame, and thus it is necessary to reduce the loss due to compression by performing compression with a low degree of compression strength.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may reduce the value of the quantization parameter as in the embodiment to reduce the compression strength for the I frame.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine whether to perform intra prediction or inter prediction in a corresponding frame in order to adjust the compression strength of the dynamic image. . It is associated with which frame of the I frame, B frame or P frame to determine the current frame.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may determine the type of the current frame as an I frame for performing intra prediction, and the current frame corresponds to a frame of low importance.
- the type of the current frame may be determined as a B frame or a P frame for performing inter prediction.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain information about bit rates of a plurality of frames constituting the dynamic image. As the average brightness value of the dynamic image photographed by the image encoding apparatus 10 is larger, the user is less sensitive to deterioration of image quality, and thus the compression intensity for the frames constituting the dynamic image may be increased. In order to increase the compression strength through compression on the image, the image encoding apparatus 10 may reduce the bit rate.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may split the dynamic image into blocks having a predetermined size in the process of encoding the dynamic image.
- the divided block having a predetermined size may include a block having various sizes including a macro block, a coding unit, and the like. That is, the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may separately determine the compression strength for compressing the dynamic image for each block. According to the compression strength set separately, the image encoding apparatus 10 may set the compression strength of the important part on each frame constituting the dynamic image to be weaker than other non-important parts.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may output an image such that the image quality deterioration of the important part is relatively smaller than the image quality deterioration of the non-critical part in the process of encoding the dynamic image. That is, flexible compression strength setting on each frame is possible.
- the block having the predetermined size used to determine the compression strength in the process of encoding the dynamic image by the image encoding apparatus 10 will be described based on the coding unit.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 is not limited to interpreting a block having a predetermined size for determining the compression strength as being a coding unit.
- the photographing information acquisition unit 11 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain photographing information including information on whether a face of a person is recognized in the process of photographing a dynamic image including the person. have.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate coordinates of the face region.
- the image 23 captured by the image encoding apparatus 10 may be a dynamic image, and the dynamic image may include at least one person.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may distinguish the face region 24 of the person from the image 23, and the image encoding apparatus 10 identifying the face region 24 may be assigned to the face region 24 in the encoding process.
- the compressive strength for the corresponding portion can be determined.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may set metadata including information about the coordinates of the face region 24 of the person on each frame of the image 23, which is a dynamic image.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may include at least one coding unit including coordinates for the face region 24 among the plurality of coding units included in the image 23 based on the information about the coordinates ( 25). At least one coding unit 25 related to the face region 24 determined by the controller 13 may be set to compress with a different compression strength from other coding units. For example, since the face area 24 included in the image 23 may correspond to an area important for the user, the compressive strength should be weaker than that of other areas. Therefore, the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may set the compression strength to be weaker than at least one other coding unit with respect to at least one coding unit 25 related to the face region 24.
- the image capturing information acquisition unit 11 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain image capturing information including information on whether a subject is in focus while capturing a dynamic image.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate coordinates of the focused focus area as metadata when the focus is achieved.
- the image 26 captured by the image encoding apparatus 10 may be a dynamic image, and the dynamic image may include a focus area that is a focused area.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may distinguish the focus region 27 from the image 26, and the image encoding apparatus 10 identifying the focus region 27 corresponds to the corresponding focus region 27 in the encoding process.
- the compressive strength for the part can be determined.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may set metadata including information about coordinates of the focus area 27 on each frame of the image 26, which is a dynamic image.
- the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may include at least one coding unit including the coordinates of the focus area 27 among the plurality of coding units included in the image 26 based on the information about the coordinates ( 28). At least one coding unit 28 related to the focus area 27 determined by the controller 13 may be set to compress with a different compression strength from other coding units. For example, since the focus area 27 included in the image 26 may correspond to an area important to the user, the compressive strength should be weaker than that of other areas. Therefore, the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may set the compression strength to be weaker than at least one coding unit for the at least one coding unit 28 associated with the focus area 27.
- the image capturing information obtaining unit 11 of the image encoding apparatus 10 may obtain information about what image capturing mode the image encoding apparatus 10 currently uses to capture an image.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may use a shooting mode such as a night mode, a panning shot mode, a portrait mode, a backlight mode, or the like when capturing an image.
- the controller 13 may weakly determine the compressive strength based on the information indicating that the photographing information acquirer 11 is photographing in a mode for use in a dark environment. In this case, the controller 13 may generate metadata indicating a standard brightness value predetermined for a mode for use in a dark environment.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 when the image capturing mode used by the image encoding apparatus 10 to capture an image is a mode for capturing a moving subject, for example, a panning shot mode, the image encoding apparatus 10 moves to capture an image. Since the image is taken, the global motion vector of the image may be larger than the normal mode. When the global motion vector is large, the user may not recognize the deterioration in image quality, and thus, even if the image is compressed more strongly than in the normal mode, the user may not recognize that the image quality is significantly lower than in the normal mode. Therefore, the image encoding apparatus 10 that obtains photographing information indicating that the current photographing mode is a mode for photographing a subject having a lot of motion may strongly compress the image.
- the controller 13 may strongly determine the compressive strength based on the information indicating that the photographing information obtained by the photographing information obtaining unit 11 is photographing in a mode for photographing a subject having a lot of motion.
- the controller 13 may generate metadata including information on the movement of the image encoding apparatus 10 predetermined for the mode for use in a dark environment. That is, the image encoding apparatus 10 may generate metadata including information about the movement of the image encoding apparatus 10 previously determined by referring to only the photographing mode.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may encode an image based on the compression strength determined in operation S112.
- the method of encoding an image may vary according to whether the image is a static image or a dynamic image, and may vary according to an image compression standard standard used by each image.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may use photographing information that may be obtained during an image capturing process to compress an image.
- photographing information may be obtained during an image capturing process to compress an image.
- FIG. 1B is a block diagram of an image decoding apparatus 15 for reproducing an image compressed by the image encoding apparatus 10.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may receive compressed image data including data about an image encoded by the image encoding apparatus 10 through the compressed image data acquisition unit 16. That is, the compressed video data may include compressed video data encoded by the video encoding apparatus 10 in operation S113. The image decoding apparatus 15 may reproduce the image by reconstructing the image before compression using the received compressed image data.
- the compressed image data obtained by the image decoding apparatus 15 may be encoded in a data form matching a standard.
- the image data may be compressed image data compressed by using a standard for reproducing a static image (for example, a Joint Photographic Coding Experts Group (JPEG), JPEG-2000, JPEG-XR, WebP, etc.).
- the data may be compressed image data encoded using a standard (eg, H. 264, HEVC, etc.) for reproducing a dynamic image.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may reproduce the compressed image data through an inverse quantization step, an inverse transform step, a prediction step, and a reconstruction step of the compressed image data.
- This process of the image decoding apparatus 15 may correspond to a process opposite to the image compression process of the image encoding apparatus 10 according to an embodiment.
- the compressed image data received by the image decoding apparatus 15 may be image data compressed at a compression strength determined based on metadata acquired by the controller 13 of the image encoding apparatus 10.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may compress an image for determining the compression strength of the image based on metadata about the average brightness value, encode the compressed image, and transmit the encoded image to the image decoding apparatus 15. Can be. If the metadata indicates that the average brightness value is bright, the compression parameter may be determined to compress the image strongly. Conversely, if the metadata indicates that the average brightness value is dark, the compression parameter may be determined to weakly compress the image.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may reproduce an image by using the compressed image data quantized according to the compression strength determined through this process.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may obtain compressed image data obtained by compressing an image having a bright average brightness value.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may decode the image using the quantization table determined to indicate strongly compression by the image encoding apparatus 10.
- the controller 15 may perform inverse transformation, inverse quantization, and the like on the static image.
- the image data photographed by the image encoding apparatus 10 may be uncompressed image data that has not been initially compressed. Uncompressed image data may be expressed in an RGB color space.
- Such uncompressed image data may have better image quality than compressed image data during playback, but may be inefficient in a process such as transmission and storage of image data because the amount of data is relatively large. Accordingly, the color space may be changed so that the uncompressed image data may be represented in the YUV space including the luminance component and the chrominance component instead of the RGB color space through the color conversion process.
- the brightness of the corresponding image may be expressed through the luminance component, and thus, when the image is expressed based only on the luminance component, a black and white image may be provided.
- a user looking at the displayed image may be more sensitive to the luminance component than the chrominance component. The user can more easily recognize the case where the brightness is different than when the color is different.
- the image encoding apparatus 10 may perform efficient image compression based on the visual recognition model, and the image decoding apparatus 15 may obtain compressed image data according to the visual recognition model. That is, the compressed image data obtained by the image decoding apparatus 15 may include image data that is efficiently compressed by setting a compression strength strongly in the case of an image having a poor recognition ability, based on the visual recognition model of the user.
- the compressed image data obtained by the image decoding apparatus 15 may be performed by the image encoding apparatus 10 by performing a down sampling process on the uncompressed image data changed into the YUV space.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may divide the compressed image data into 8x8 blocks to restore the image.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may divide DCT coefficients into DC and AC components by performing DCT on the divided blocks.
- the values of the first row and the first column of the matrix including the DCT coefficients output by performing the DCT on the sub-image composed of 8x8 blocks may be DC components, and the remaining values may correspond to AC components.
- the photographed image includes more low frequency components, the value of the DC component and the values of the AC components positioned around the DC component may have a larger value.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may efficiently reconstruct and reproduce a large complexity image having strong compression.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may apply a quantization table and a chrominance component to a luminance component. Inverse quantization may be performed using at least one of the quantization tables.
- 4C illustrates a luminance quantization table 46 and a color difference quantization table 47 according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4C, it can be seen that the luminance quantization table 46 and the color difference quantization table 47 include different values. Specifically, the luminance quantization table 46 generally includes a smaller value than the chrominance quantization table 47.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 compresses the color difference component as the luminance component is compressed using the color difference quantization table 47. It is possible to dequantize a compressed image with a weaker compressive strength than that. Since the user is less sensitive to the change in the chrominance component than the change in the luminance component, the user may not be aware of the change in the chrominance component even if compression is performed stronger than the luminance component.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 performs inverse quantization on the compressed image data more strongly with respect to the chrominance component than the luminance component based on the luminance quantization table 46 and the chrominance quantization table 47. Can be done.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may dequantize the compressed image data for the dynamic image by using the quantization parameter.
- inverse quantization may be performed on a plurality of blocks included in each frame, and the compression strength may be determined based on the size of the quantization parameter.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may inversely quantize the compressed image data in a form for inversely transforming the lossy compressed compressed image data.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may inverse quantize a plurality of standard image and video codecs compressed based on lossy compression according to a quantization step. For example, the dequantization process may be performed in the same manner as described in the image compression standard document.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may perform inverse quantization by inversely performing a quantization process performed by the image encoding apparatus 10 illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may use the quantization table 44a to generate the DCT transform matrix 43a.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may generate the DCT transformation matrix 43a by multiplying the quantized matrix 45a by the quantization table 44a.
- Quantized matrix 45a may include quantized DC component 45b and quantized AC components 45c. Specifically, as the image complexity of the compressed image data acquired by the image decoding apparatus 15 increases, the value of the DC component 45b may increase, and the AC component closer to the DC component 45b among the AC components 45c. Their value can be large.
- Inverse quantization is performed according to the AC quantization value 44c, except for the DC quantization value 44b, which is a value located in the first row and the first column among the values included in the quantization table 44a, so that the DC component 43b and A DCT conversion matrix 43a comprising the AC components 43c can be obtained.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may generate a DCT transformation matrix 43a divided into a DC component and an AC component through an inverse quantization process.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may use the quantization table for the luminance component or the quantization table for the chrominance component, respectively, as the quantization table 44a.
- the quantization table 44a it is assumed that a quantization table for luminance components is used for convenience of description.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may generate the transformed sub-image matrix 42 using the DCT transform matrix 43 generated through inverse quantization.
- the controller 18 of the image decoding apparatus 15 may generate the sub-image matrix 42 by performing an inverse DCT transform on the DCT transform matrix 43.
- the controller 18 of the image decoding apparatus 15 may generate the sub image matrix 41 by inversely converting the converted sub image matrix 42 to have a value corresponding to the original image.
- the inverse transformation process may be a process in which the image encoding apparatus 10 performs a reverse process of converting values of the sub-image matrix 41 to have values from -128 to 127.
- the values of the generated sub image matrix 41 may be represented by 8 bits.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 is based on the sub-image matrix 41, and the sub-image 40 includes 8x8 blocks of luminance components or chrominance components of the uncompressed image data generated by the image encoding apparatus 10. Can be generated.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may perform inverse transformation on the dequantized compressed image data.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 inversely transforms the inverse quantized data using various transformation techniques.
- DCT discrete cosine transform
- Hadamard transform etc. may be used in H.264 as an example of a representative transform technique.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may perform an output of a matrix including DCT coefficients through DCT inverse transform on at least one of a luminance component and a chrominance component.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may perform inverse quantization using a quantization table (or quantization matrix).
- the image decoding apparatus 15 multiplies the quantization table 44a by the quantized matrix 45a to generate a DCT transform matrix 43a including DCT coefficients for the luminance component or the chrominance component. Can be performed.
- the image decoding apparatus 15 may generate the reconstructed image by adding the inverse transformed compressed image data to the predicted image obtained through the prediction process, and the image decoding apparatus 15 may output the image based on the reconstructed image. have.
- FIG. 6 is a detailed block diagram of an image decoding apparatus 60 for reproducing an image included in compressed image data, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the image decoding apparatus 60 may perform a decoding process matching the image compression standard used by the image encoding apparatus 10 to reproduce the image data compressed by the image encoding apparatus 10.
- the entropy decoder 62 may obtain encoded image data that is a decoding target from the bitstream 61 and encoding information necessary for decoding from the bitstream.
- the encoded image data is a quantized transform coefficient
- the inverse quantization unit 63 and the inverse transform unit 64 reconstruct the residual data from the quantized transform coefficients.
- the inverse quantization using the quantization parameter in the inverse quantization unit 63 may be performed by the quantization unit 52b and the inverse quantization unit 54b of the image encoding apparatus 50 with reference to FIG. 5. Since it may correspond to the content corresponding to the content described above, it will be omitted.
- the intra prediction unit 67b performs intra prediction for each prediction unit with respect to the coding unit of the intra mode.
- the inter prediction unit 67a performs inter prediction using the reference image obtained from the reconstructed picture buffer 66 for each coding unit of the inter mode coding unit of the current image.
- the filtering unit 65 of the image decoding apparatus 60 performs a deblocking unit (not shown) capable of performing deblocking filtering and performing SAO capable of performing in-loop filtering using a sample adaptive offset. It may also include a part (not shown).
- the prediction data and the residual data of the coding unit of each mode that have passed through the intra predictor 67b or the inter predictor 67a are added, thereby restoring and restoring the spatial domain data of the coding unit of the current image 405.
- the data of the space may be output as a reconstructed image through a deblocking unit (not shown) and an SAO performing unit (not shown).
- the reconstructed images stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 66 may be output as reference images.
- the control unit 18 may perform an operation performed based on each coding unit among the coding units having a tree structure for each largest coding unit.
- the intra predictor 67b and the inter predictor 67a determine a partition mode and a prediction mode for each coding unit among coding units having a tree structure
- the inverse transformer 64 is a quad tree structure for each coding unit. It is possible to determine whether to divide the conversion unit according to.
- the encoding operation of FIG. 5 and the decoding operation of FIG. 6 respectively describe the video stream encoding operation and the decoding operation in a single layer. Therefore, when the image decoding apparatus 60 encodes streams of two or more layers, a process of encoding an image for each layer may be performed.
- the image decoding method described with reference to FIG. 6 is only an example for describing a feature in which a quantization parameter is used, the image decoding method performed by the image decoding apparatus 60 is not limited to the decoding method. .
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 영상을 부호화 하는 방법에 있어서,영상을 촬영하는 과정에서 결정된 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계;상기 촬영 정보에 기초하여 상기 영상을 압축 강도를 결정하기 위한 메타 데이터를 생성하는 단계;상기 메타 데이터에 기초하여 상기 영상을 압축 강도를 결정하는 단계; 및상기 결정된 압축 강도에 기초하여 상기 영상을 부호화 하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계는 상기 영상의 노출값, 셔터 속도, 조리개 값 및 ISO 감도 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 메타 데이터를 생성하는 단계는 상기 획득된 촬영 정보에 기초하여 상기 영상의 평균 밝기 값에 대한 정보를 생성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계는 상기 영상을 촬영하는 장치에 부착된 것으로서, 지자계 센서 및 가속도 센서 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 센서로부터 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 메타 데이터를 생성하는 단계는 상기 획득된 촬영 정보에 기초하여 상기 영상의 움직임 정보를 생성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계는 상기 영상에서 얼굴 인식 영역 및 초점이 맞은 영역에 대한 정보 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 메타 데이터를 생성하는 단계는 상기 획득한 촬영 정보에 기초하여 상기 촬영 정보와 관련된 좌표 데이터를 생성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 단계는 상기 촬영 정보가 나타내는 영역에 대하여는 상기 영상의 다른 영역 보다 상대적으로 약하게 압축하는 것으로 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 단계는상기 평균 밝기 값이 밝을수록 강하게 압축하는 것으로 상기 압축 강도를 결정하고, 상기 평균 밝기 값이 어두울수록 약하게 압축하는 것으로 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 단계는상기 움직임 정보가 상기 장치가 빠르게 움직이는 것으로 나타낼수록 강하게 압축하는 것으로 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계는상기 영상과 관련된 프리뷰(Preview) 영상에 기초하여 얼굴 인식 영역 및 초점이 맞은 영역에 대한 정보 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 단계는상기 메타 데이터에 기초하여 상기 영상을 양자화 하기 위한 양자화 파라미터(Quantization Parameter) 또는 양자화 테이블(Quantization Table)을 결정하는 단계를 포함하는 영상 부호화 방법.
- 영상을 부호화 하는 장치에 있어서,영상을 촬영하는 과정에서 촬영 정보를 획득하는 촬영 정보 획득부;상기 촬영 정보에 기초하여 상기 영상을 압축 강도를 결정하기 위한 메타 데이터를 생성하고, 상기 메타 데이터에 기초하여 상기 영상을 압축 강도를 결정하고, 상기 결정된 압축 강도에 기초하여 상기 영상을 부호화 하는 제어부를 포함하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 촬영 정보 획득부는 상기 영상의 노출값, 셔터 속도, 조리개 값 및 ISO 감도 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 것을 특징으로 하고,상기 제어부는 상기 획득된 촬영 정보에 기초하여 상기 영상의 평균 밝기 값에 대한 정보를 생성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 촬영 정보 획득부는 상기 영상을 촬영하는 장치에 부착된 것으로서, 지자계 센서 및 가속도 센서 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 센서로부터 촬영 정보를 획득하는 것을 특징으로 하고,상기 제어부는 상기 획득된 촬영 정보에 기초하여 상기 영상의 움직임 정보를 생성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 촬영 정보 획득부는 상기 영상에서 얼굴 인식 영역 및 초점이 맞은 영역에 대한 정보 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 것을 특징으로 하고,상기 제어부는 상기 획득한 촬영 정보에 기초하여 상기 촬영 정보와 관련된 좌표 데이터를 생성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,상기 제어부는 상기 촬영 정보가 나타내는 영역에 대하여는 상기 영상의 다른 영역 보다 상대적으로 약하게 압축하는 것으로 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 제어부는 상기 평균 밝기 값이 밝을수록 강하게 압축하는 것으로 상기 압축 강도를 결정하고, 상기 평균 밝기 값이 어두울수록 약하게 압축하는 것으로 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 제어부는 상기 움직임 정보가 상기 장치가 빠르게 움직이는 것을 나타낼수록 강하게 압축하는 것으로 상기 압축 강도를 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,상기 촬영 정보 획득부는 상기 영상과 관련된 프리뷰 영상에 기초하여 얼굴 인식 영역 및 초점이 맞은 영역에 대한 정보 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 상기 촬영 정보를 획득하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서상기 제어부는 상기 메타 데이터에 기초하여 상기 영상을 양자화 하기 위한 양자화 파라미터(Quantization Parameter) 또는 양자화 테이블(Quantization Table)을 결정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 부호화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 영상 부호화 방법을 수행하는 컴퓨터 프로그램이 수록된 컴퓨터 판독 가능 기록 매체.
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| US15/555,722 US10735724B2 (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2015-09-08 | Method and device for compressing image on basis of photography information |
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| US20180063526A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
| CN107534768B (zh) | 2020-09-29 |
| EP3258689A4 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
| EP3258689A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
| CN107534768A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
| US10735724B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
| KR20170117453A (ko) | 2017-10-23 |
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