WO2016155405A1 - 指纹识别系统和方法 - Google Patents

指纹识别系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016155405A1
WO2016155405A1 PCT/CN2016/071064 CN2016071064W WO2016155405A1 WO 2016155405 A1 WO2016155405 A1 WO 2016155405A1 CN 2016071064 W CN2016071064 W CN 2016071064W WO 2016155405 A1 WO2016155405 A1 WO 2016155405A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
detecting
detecting electrode
fingerprint
fingerprint recognition
threshold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/071064
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张均军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Goodix Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Huiding Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Huiding Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Huiding Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP16771160.5A priority Critical patent/EP3190545A4/en
Priority to KR1020177009509A priority patent/KR101857933B1/ko
Publication of WO2016155405A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016155405A1/zh
Priority to US15/479,336 priority patent/US10296771B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1306—Sensors therefor non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
    • H03K2217/960735—Capacitive touch switches characterised by circuit details
    • H03K2217/96074—Switched capacitor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fingerprint detection technologies, and in particular, to a fingerprint identification system and method.
  • the fingerprint identification device scans the fingerprint of the user, extracts the feature of the scanned fingerprint, and encrypts and transmits the fingerprint information, and then compares the obtained fingerprint information with the pre-stored fingerprint information, thereby completing the fingerprint of the user. Certification.
  • the fingerprint recognition device needs to scan a large finger area every time the fingerprint scanning is performed, and it is necessary to scan at a pixel density of more than 500 dpi (dots per inch), the precision is sufficiently high. Fingerprint information, therefore, it is usually necessary to turn on a signal processing module such as a low noise amplifier, an analog to digital converter, and a central processing unit to extract fingerprint information, resulting in a large power consumption when the fingerprint recognition device performs fingerprint recognition.
  • a signal processing module such as a low noise amplifier, an analog to digital converter, and a central processing unit to extract fingerprint information, resulting in a large power consumption when the fingerprint recognition device performs fingerprint recognition.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
  • a first object of the present invention is to propose a fingerprint recognition system.
  • the fingerprint identification system keeps most of the functional modules of the fingerprint recognition device in a sleep state when the finger touch fingerprint recognition device is not detected, and then activates the fingerprint recognition device to perform fingerprint recognition when detecting that the finger touches the fingerprint recognition device, thereby being reliable and effective While identifying the user's fingerprint, the power consumption of the fingerprint recognition device is greatly reduced.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a fingerprint recognition method.
  • a third object of the invention is to propose an apparatus.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a computer storage medium.
  • a fingerprint identification system includes: a fingerprint recognition device; a detection electrode; and a contact detection device.
  • the contact detecting device includes: an analog-to-digital converter, configured to charge and discharge the detecting electrode, and detect a capacitance value on the detecting electrode; and a determining module, configured to determine, according to the capacitance value, No finger touches the detecting electrode; when it is determined that a finger touches the detecting electrode, finger touch information is generated to start the fingerprint identifying device to perform fingerprint recognition.
  • the fingerprint identification system of the embodiment of the present invention determines whether a finger touches the fingerprint recognition device according to the change of the capacitance value on the detection electrode, and keeps most of the functional modules of the fingerprint recognition device in a sleep state when the finger touch fingerprint recognition device is not detected.
  • the fingerprint recognition device is further activated for fingerprint recognition, thereby reliably reducing the power consumption of the fingerprint recognition device while reliably and effectively identifying the user fingerprint.
  • the fingerprint recognition method of the second aspect of the present invention includes: the contact detecting device charges and discharges the detecting electrode, and detects a capacitance value on the detecting electrode; the contact detecting device is configured according to the capacitance value Determining whether a finger touches the detecting electrode; and when determining that the finger touches the detecting electrode, the contact detecting device generates finger touch information to activate the fingerprint identifying device to perform fingerprint recognition.
  • the fingerprint identification method of the embodiment of the present invention determines whether a finger touches the fingerprint recognition device according to the change of the capacitance value on the detection electrode, and keeps most of the functional modules of the fingerprint recognition device in a sleep state when the finger touch fingerprint recognition device is not detected.
  • the fingerprint recognition device is further activated for fingerprint recognition, thereby reliably reducing the power consumption of the fingerprint recognition device while reliably and effectively identifying the user fingerprint.
  • an apparatus of a third aspect of the present invention includes: one or more processors; a memory; one or more programs, the one or more programs being stored in the memory when The fingerprint recognition method of the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention is executed when one or more processors are executed.
  • the device of the embodiment of the present invention determines whether a finger touches the fingerprint recognition device according to the change of the capacitance value on the detection electrode, and keeps most of the function modules of the fingerprint recognition device in a sleep state when the finger touch detection device is not detected.
  • the fingerprint recognition device is activated to perform fingerprint recognition, thereby reliably reducing the power consumption of the fingerprint recognition device while reliably and effectively identifying the user fingerprint.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a nonvolatile computer storage medium storing one or more programs when the one or more programs are executed by a device.
  • the apparatus is caused to perform the fingerprint identification method of the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the computer storage medium determines whether a finger touches the fingerprint recognition device according to a change in the capacitance value on the detection electrode, and maintains most of the function modules of the fingerprint recognition device in a sleep state when the finger touch fingerprint recognition device is not detected.
  • the fingerprint recognition device is further activated for fingerprint recognition, thereby reliably reducing the power consumption of the fingerprint recognition device while reliably and effectively identifying the user fingerprint.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fingerprint identification device in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fingerprint identification system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fingerprint identification system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4(a)-(e) are schematic diagrams of charge and discharge waveforms on the detecting electrode 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a fingerprint identification system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the waveform of the detecting electrode 200 and the count value of the counting unit 314 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a fingerprint identification method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the existing fingerprint identification device generally includes a fingerprint scanning module, a feature extraction module, an encryption and transmission module, and a fingerprint comparison module.
  • the fingerprint scanning module is configured to scan the fingerprint of the user
  • the feature extraction module is configured to perform feature extraction on the scanned fingerprint
  • the encryption and transmission module is configured to encrypt and transmit the extracted fingerprint information
  • the fingerprint comparison module is used to obtain The fingerprint information is compared with the pre-stored fingerprint information, thereby completing the authentication of the user fingerprint.
  • the detecting electrode and the contact detecting device are added to the existing fingerprint identifying device to detect whether the user's finger touches the fingerprint identifying device.
  • the fingerprint recognition device After detecting that the user's finger touches the fingerprint recognition device, the fingerprint recognition device is activated to perform fingerprint recognition, and the contact with the fingerprint recognition device can be distinguished reliably and effectively. Whether it is a user's finger or something else, the fingerprint recognition device is prevented from being activated when fingerprint recognition is not required, and the standby power consumption of the entire fingerprint recognition device is reduced.
  • the fingerprint identification device in the embodiment of the present invention can adopt the existing fingerprint identification device, and is not re-invented here in order to avoid redundancy.
  • the fingerprint recognition system includes a fingerprint recognition device 100, a detection electrode 200, and a contact detection device 300.
  • the detecting electrode 200 may be separately provided independently of the fingerprint identifying device 100, and may also use an electrode in the fingerprint identifying device 100.
  • the detecting electrode 200 may be a metal ring disposed on the surface of the fingerprint identifying device 100 and shared with the driving signal of the fingerprint identifying device 100, that is, the detecting electrode 200 may share the fingerprint identifying device 100 in the fingerprint.
  • the metal detection ring that drives the signal during the process can be identified, thereby saving the module production cost of the fingerprint identification system.
  • the shape of the metal ring may include, but is not limited to, a rectangle, a square, or a circle. It should be understood that the use of a metal ring as the detecting electrode 200 in the present invention is merely exemplary, and the material and shape of the detecting electrode 200 are not limited.
  • the detecting electrode 200 may also be composed of other materials and shapes.
  • the detecting electrode 200 may also be a metal layer provided on the surface of the contact detecting device 300, or a detecting film provided on the contact detecting device 300 and under the covering. That is, the contact detecting device 300 may be a chip integrated in the fingerprint recognition system, and the detecting electrode 200 may be a metal layer integrated on a surface of the chip serving as the contact detecting device 300 to form an overlapping region when touched by a user's finger, so that the user The detecting electrode 200 that the finger can directly contact. Alternatively, the detecting electrode 200 may be disposed under the cover such as a glass panel, and the detecting film of the user's finger is separated by the cover during the fingerprint recognition process, so that the user's finger can touch the detecting electrode 200 through the covering.
  • the fingerprint recognition system of the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below by detecting the fact that the electrode 200 and the fingerprint recognition device share the electrode.
  • the detecting electrode 200 detects, as the contact detecting device 300, whether the user's finger touches the input end of the fingerprint recognizing device 100. When the user's finger touches or approaches the detecting electrode 200, the capacitance value of the detecting electrode 200 relative to the system ground in the contact detecting device 300 may occur. Variety. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to determine whether the user's finger touches the detecting electrode 200 based on the change in the capacitance value of the detecting electrode 200 and the system ground.
  • the touch detection device 300 When the touch detection device 300 does not detect the finger touch detection electrode 200, most of the functional modules in the fingerprint recognition device 100 remain in a sleep state, for example, the fingerprint scanning module, the feature extraction module, the encryption and the transmission module, etc., all maintain low power consumption. Sleep state.
  • the contact detecting device 300 detects the capacitance value of the detecting electrode 200 and the system ground, that is, the external capacitance value has a significant change, each functional module of the fingerprint identifying device is controlled to start collecting and comparing the user fingerprint. Therefore, the power consumption of the fingerprint recognition apparatus 100 can be greatly reduced while the fingerprint recognition apparatus 100 reliably recognizes the user's fingerprint.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of a fingerprint recognition system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the contact detecting device 300 specifically includes an analog to digital converter 310, a determining module 320, and a filtering module 330.
  • the analog-to-digital converter 310 includes a timing control unit 311, a charge and discharge unit 312, a comparison unit 313, and a counting unit 314 for charging and discharging the detection electrode 200, and detecting a capacitance value on the detection electrode 200.
  • the determining module 320 includes a first threshold comparing unit 321 , a second threshold comparing unit 322 , and a generating unit 323 for determining whether a finger touches the detecting electrode 200 according to the capacitance value on the detecting electrode 200, and determining that a finger touches the detecting electrode At 200 o'clock, finger touch information is generated to activate the fingerprint recognition device 100 for fingerprint recognition. Specifically, in the present invention, whether or not the user's finger touches the detecting electrode 200 is detected by charging and discharging the detecting electrode 200 with a constant current.
  • the capacitance value existing between the detecting electrode 200 and the system ground of the contact detecting device 300 wherein the capacitance value between the detecting electrode 200 and the system ground is generally the same as the detecting electrode 200 and the contact detecting The material and structure of device 300 are associated.
  • the capacitance value between the detecting electrode 200 and the system ground becomes the capacitance value of the user's finger and the system ground and the user's finger.
  • the sum of the capacitance values of the earth ie +.
  • the capacitance value between the user's finger and the earth is related to the degree of dryness of the user's finger, the contact force, and the degree of coupling between the system and the ground, and the size thereof should vary between the pF level and the nF level.
  • the counting clock frequency is the output of the analog-to-digital converter 310 when the user's finger does not touch the detecting electrode 200.
  • the value should be .
  • the output value + of the analog-to-digital converter 310 should be . Therefore, it can be obtained that, that is, by continuously detecting the change in the capacitance value on the detecting electrode 200, it can be determined whether the user's finger touches the detecting electrode 200, thereby judging whether the user's finger touches the fingerprint identifying apparatus 100.
  • the contact detecting device 300 is integrated in the fingerprint identification device 100 of a portable electronic device (for example, a mobile phone or a tablet computer), the switching power supply of the electronic device and the high current switching related to the radio frequency communication may cause electromagnetic interference (EMI). , Electromagnetic Interference), especially when the electronic device is in the charging state, the switching current of the charger will cause serious electromagnetic interference. Therefore, the system of the contact detecting device 300 can be coupled to the common mode signals of various frequencies, that is, to generate common mode interference. For example, when users and electronic devices are exposed to various electromagnetic environments, they may be affected by electromagnetic fields, such as 50 Hz power frequency interference, in which case common mode interference may occur.
  • EMI electromagnetic interference
  • Electromagnetic Interference Electromagnetic Interference
  • FIG. 4 includes charging and discharging of the detecting electrode 200 in the absence of common mode interference and the presence of common mode interference. Waveform.
  • FIG. 4(a) when the user's finger does not touch the detecting electrode 200, since the capacitance value of the detecting electrode 200 is also stable, the charging and discharging waveform of the detecting electrode 200 at this time is also very stable.
  • FIG. 4(b) when the user's finger touches the detecting electrode 200, if there is no common mode interference, the capacitance value of the detecting electrode 200 increases at this time, and the current charging and discharging becomes gentle.
  • FIG. 4(c)-(e) when the user's finger touches the detecting electrode 200, if there is common mode interference, the capacitance value of the detecting electrode 200 changes at this time, as shown in FIG. 4(c).
  • the capacitance value of the detecting electrode 200 may become suddenly large and small.
  • FIG. 4(d) shows a case where the charging speed is too fast and the performance is too small, and the charging is shown in FIG. 4(e). The speed is too slow, similar to the performance of the capacitor value is too large.
  • the contact detecting device 300 may first turn on the internal switch, so that the detecting electrode 200 discharges the system through the user's finger, thereby attenuating the common mode interference and There is a residual charge on the user's finger.
  • the abnormal fluctuation of the charge/discharge waveform of the detecting electrode 200 under the common mode interference can also be used as one of the effective flags for determining that the user's finger touches the detecting electrode 200.
  • the analog to digital converter 310 includes a timing control unit 311, a charge and discharge unit 312, a comparison unit 313, and a counting unit 314.
  • the timing control unit 311 is configured to generate a clock signal ADC_CLK and a sampling clock signal Sample_CLK.
  • the charge and discharge unit 312 is configured to charge and discharge the detecting electrode 200 according to the sampling clock signal Sample_CLK.
  • the comparison unit 313 is configured to compare the voltage value V of the detection electrode 200 with the voltage setting value V ref during the charging and discharging of the detection electrode 200 according to the sampling clock signal Sample_CLK.
  • the counting unit 314 is configured to count according to the clock signal ADC_CLK, and stop counting when the voltage value V of the detecting electrode 200 reaches the voltage setting value V ref , and output the count value ADC_DATA.
  • the timing control unit 311 generates a sampling clock signal Sample CLK .
  • the charging and discharging unit 312 charges and discharges the detecting electrode 200, and the timing control unit 311 scans the change in the voltage value V on the detecting electrode 200, and inputs the voltage value V on the detecting electrode 200 into the comparing unit 313.
  • the timing control unit 311 inputs the voltage value V of the detecting electrode 200 to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparing unit 313, and the inverting input terminal of the comparing unit 313 inputs the voltage setting value V ref .
  • the comparison unit 313 compares the voltage value V of the detection electrode 200 with the voltage set value V ref , and inputs the comparison result to the counting unit 314 .
  • the timing control unit 311 also generates a clock signal ADC_CLK.
  • the counting unit 314 starts counting when the charging and discharging unit 312 starts charging the detecting electrode 200.
  • the counting unit 314 stops counting and outputs the count value ADC_DATA. At this time, the count value ADC_DATA output by the counting unit 314 can be used as the capacitance value on the detecting electrode 200.
  • the counting is stopped when the counting unit 314 is full, and the count value is output. That is, when the voltage value V of the detecting electrode 200 does not reach the voltage set value V ref , if the counting unit 314 counts full, the counting unit 314 stops counting and outputs the count value ADC_DATA.
  • the determining module 320 includes a first threshold comparing unit 321, a second threshold comparing unit 322, and a generating unit 323.
  • the first threshold comparison unit 321 is configured to compare whether the count value is smaller than the first threshold.
  • the second threshold comparison unit 322 is configured to compare whether the count value is greater than a second threshold, and the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.
  • the generating unit 323 determines that the user's finger touches the detecting electrode when the count value is smaller than the first threshold (indicating that the capacitance value on the detecting electrode 200 is too small) or the count value is greater than the second threshold (indicating that the capacitance value on the detecting electrode 200 is excessive) 200, generating a finger touch information.
  • the determining module 320 may include two threshold comparing units. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the first threshold comparing unit 321 has a first threshold ADC_THL, and the second threshold comparing unit 322 has a second threshold ADC_THH. The second threshold ADC_THH is greater than the first threshold ADC_THL, and the first threshold ADC_THL and the second threshold ADC_THH may be adjusted according to the structure of the fingerprint detecting device.
  • the first threshold comparison unit 321 and the second threshold comparison unit 322 respectively compare the count value ADC_DATA output by the counting unit 314 with the first threshold and the second threshold, thereby determining whether there is common mode interference, and further determining whether the finger touches The electrode 200 is detected.
  • the generating unit 323 After determining that the user's finger touches the detecting electrode 200, the generating unit 323 generates finger touch information to control the fingerprint identification device 100 (not shown) to be activated, and the user's finger is passed through the fingerprint scanning module, the feature extraction module, the encrypted transmission module, and the like. Fingerprints are collected and compared.
  • the contact detecting device 300 further includes a filtering module 330.
  • the filtering module 330 is configured to count a plurality of finger touch information generated by the determining module 320 within a preset time period, and output a finger touch flag bit according to a preset rule to activate the fingerprint identifying device 100 (not shown). Specifically, in the preset time period, after the determining module 320 periodically determines that the user's finger touches the detecting electrode 200, the filtering module 330 may further count the count value output by the counting unit 314, that is, according to the change of the capacitance value, the capacitance value. Perform glitch filtering and multiple accumulations. If the preset rule is met (such as determining that a finger touch reaches 5 times, etc.), the touch flag of the finger FTD_FLAG is finally output.
  • the entire fingerprint recognition system can be fabricated into a chip, and the fingerprint recognition system can be used as a system on chip.
  • the fingerprint identification system of the embodiment of the present invention determines whether a finger touches the fingerprint recognition device according to the change of the capacitance value on the detection electrode, and keeps most of the functional modules of the fingerprint recognition device in a sleep state when the finger touch fingerprint recognition device is not detected.
  • the fingerprint recognition device is further activated for fingerprint recognition, While reliably and effectively identifying the user's fingerprint, the power consumption of the fingerprint recognition device is greatly reduced.
  • the complex filtering of common mode interference and the computational requirements of the micro control unit MCU are reduced, so that the circuit structure of the fingerprint identification system is simple, and the manufacturing cost of the detection device is reduced.
  • the present invention also proposes a fingerprint recognition method.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a finger touch according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the detecting method includes:
  • the contact detecting device charges and discharges the detecting electrode, and detects a capacitance value on the detecting electrode.
  • the detecting electrode comprises a metal ring disposed on the surface of the fingerprint identifying device and shared with the driving signal metal ring of the fingerprint identifying device; or the detecting electrode comprises a metal layer disposed on the surface of the contact detecting device; Or the detecting electrode includes a detecting film disposed on the contact detecting device and covering the covering.
  • the contact detecting device charges and discharges the detecting electrode, and detecting the capacitance value on the detecting electrode specifically includes: generating a clock signal and a sampling clock signal; charging and discharging the detecting electrode according to the sampling clock signal; In the process of charging and discharging the detecting electrode, comparing the voltage value of the detecting electrode with the voltage setting value; counting according to the clock signal, and stopping counting when the voltage value of the detecting electrode reaches the voltage setting value, and outputting the counting value.
  • the contact detecting device determines, according to the capacitance value, whether a finger touches the detecting electrode.
  • the determining, by the contact detecting device, whether the finger touches the detecting electrode according to the capacitance value comprises: comparing whether the count value is smaller than the first threshold; comparing whether the count value is greater than a second threshold; and When a threshold or a count value is greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the finger touches the detecting electrode.
  • the contact detecting device When it is determined that the finger touches the detecting electrode, the contact detecting device generates the finger touch information to activate the fingerprint identifying device to perform fingerprint recognition.
  • the method further includes: counting a plurality of the finger touch information in a preset time period, and outputting a finger touch flag bit according to a preset rule to start the fingerprint Identification device.
  • the fingerprint recognition device remains in a sleep state when it is determined that the finger has not touched the detection electrode.
  • the fingerprint identification method of the embodiment of the present invention determines whether a finger touches the fingerprint recognition device according to the change of the capacitance value on the detection electrode, and keeps most of the functional modules of the fingerprint recognition device in a sleep state when the finger touch fingerprint recognition device is not detected.
  • the fingerprint recognition device is further activated for fingerprint recognition, thereby reliably reducing the power consumption of the fingerprint recognition device while reliably and effectively identifying the user fingerprint.
  • portions of the invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof.
  • multiple steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • a suitable instruction execution system For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or combination of the following techniques well known in the art: having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals. Discrete logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, and the like are to be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integral; may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication of two elements or an interaction relationship of two elements unless explicitly defined otherwise.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

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Abstract

一种指纹识别系统和方法，其中，该指纹识别系统包括：指纹识别装置（100）；检测电极（200）；以及接触检测装置（300），其中，接触检测装置（300）包括：模数转换器（310），用于对检测电极（200）进行充放电，并检测该检测电极（200）上的电容值；判断模块（320），用于根据电容值判断是否有手指触摸到检测电极（200），在判断有手指触摸到检测电极（200）时生成手指触摸信息，以启动指纹识别装置（100）进行指纹识别。指纹识别系统在未检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置（100）时保持指纹识别装置（100）的大部分功能模块处于休眠状态，在检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置（100）时再启动指纹识别装置（100）进行指纹识别，从而在可靠、有效地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大降低了指纹识别装置（100）的功耗。

Description

指纹识别系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司于2015年3月27日提交的、发明名称为“指纹识别系统和方法”的、中国专利申请号“201510139829.4”的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及指纹检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种指纹识别系统和方法。
背景技术
目前，电容感应式的指纹识别装置已经开始应用在新一代的便携式电子设备中。指纹识别装置通过对用户的指纹进行扫描，并对扫描到的指纹进行的特征提取以及对指纹信息进行加密传输，然后将得到的指纹信息与预存的指纹信息进行对比，从而可以完成对用户指纹的认证。
然而，由于指纹识别装置每次进行指纹扫描时需要扫描较大的手指面积，并且需要在大于500dpi(dots per inch，每英寸所打印的点数)的像素密度条件下进行扫描才能获得精度足够高的指纹信息，因此通常需要开启低噪声放大器、模数转换器等信号处理模块以及中央处理器来提取指纹信息，导致指纹识别装置进行指纹识别时的功耗较大。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本发明的第一个目的在于提出一种指纹识别系统。该指纹识别系统在未检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时保持指纹识别装置的大部分功能模块处于休眠状态，在检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时再启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别，从而在可靠、有效地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大降低了指纹识别装置的功耗。
本发明的第二个目的在于提出一种指纹识别方法。
本发明的第三个目的在于提出一种设备。
本发明的第四个目的在于提出一种计算机存储介质。
为达上述目的，本发明第一方面实施例的指纹识别系统包括：指纹识别装置；检测电极；以及接触检测装置。其中，所述接触检测装置包括：模数转换器，用于对所述检测电极进行充放电，并检测所述检测电极上的电容值；判断模块，用于根据所述电容值判断是 否有手指触摸到所述检测电极；在判断有手指触摸到所述检测电极时生成手指触摸信息，以启动所述指纹识别装置进行指纹识别。
本发明实施例的指纹识别系统，根据检测电极上电容值的变化来判断是否有手指触摸指纹识别装置，在未检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时保持指纹识别装置的大部分功能模块处于休眠状态，在检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时再启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别，从而在可靠、有效地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大降低了指纹识别装置的功耗。
为达上述目的，本发明第二方面实施例的指纹识别方法，包括：接触检测装置对检测电极进行充放电，并检测所述检测电极上的电容值；所述接触检测装置根据所述电容值判断是否有手指触摸到所述检测电极；以及在判断手指触摸到所述检测电极时，所述接触检测装置生成手指触摸信息，以启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别。
本发明实施例的指纹识别方法，根据检测电极上电容值的变化来判断是否有手指触摸指纹识别装置，在未检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时保持指纹识别装置的大部分功能模块处于休眠状态，在检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时再启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别，从而在可靠、有效地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大降低了指纹识别装置的功耗。
是否本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
为达上述目的，本发明第三方面实施例的设备，包括：一个或者多个处理器；存储器；一个或者多个程序，所述一个或者多个程序存储在所述存储器中，当被所述一个或者多个处理器执行时，执行本发明第二方面实施例的指纹识别方法。
本发明实施例的设备，根据检测电极上电容值的变化来判断是否有手指触摸指纹识别装置，在未检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时保持指纹识别装置的大部分功能模块处于休眠状态，在检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时再启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别，从而在可靠、有效地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大降低了指纹识别装置的功耗。
为达上述目的，本发明第四方面实施例提出了一种非易失性计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质存储有一个或者多个程序，当所述一个或者多个程序被一个设备执行时，使得所述设备执行本发明第二方面实施例的指纹识别方法。
本发明实施例的计算机存储介质，根据检测电极上电容值的变化来判断是否有手指触摸指纹识别装置，在未检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时保持指纹识别装置的大部分功能模块处于休眠状态，在检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时再启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别，从而在可靠、有效地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大降低了指纹识别装置的功耗。
附图说明
本发明上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是现有技术中指纹识别装置的结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的指纹识别系统的结构示意图；
图3是根据本发明一个具体实施例的指纹识别系统的结构示意图；
图4(a)-(e)是根据本发明一个实施例的检测电极200上的充放电波形的示意图；
图5是根据本发明一个实施例的指纹识别系统的示意图；
图6是根据本发明一个实施例的检测电极200的波形与计数单元314的计数值的示意图；以及
图7是本发明一个实施例的指纹识别方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本发明的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本发明的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
下面参考附图描述根据本发明实施例的指纹识别系统和方法。
如图1所示，现有的指纹识别装置通常包括指纹扫描模块、特征提取模块、加密及传输模块和指纹比对模块。指纹扫描模块用于对用户的指纹进行扫描，特征提取模块用于对扫描到的指纹进行特征提取，加密及传输模块用于对提取得到的指纹信息进行加密传输，指纹比对模块用于将得到的指纹信息与预存的指纹信息进行对比，由此可以完成对用户指纹的认证。本发明的实施例中，对现有的指纹识别装置增加了检测电极和接触检测装置，对用户手指是否触摸到指纹识别装置进行检测。在检测到用户手指触摸指纹识别装置之后，才启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别，并且可以可靠、有效地区别出接触到指纹识别装置的 是用户手指还是其他东西，避免了指纹识别装置在不需要进行指纹识别时的启动，降低了指纹识别装置整体的待机功耗。
本发明实施例中的指纹识别装置可采用现有的指纹识别装置，为了避免冗余，此处不再复赘。
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的指纹识别系统的结构示意图。该指纹识别系统包括指纹识别装置100、检测电极200和接触检测装置300。
检测电极200的设置方式可以有多种选择。其中，检测电极200可以是独立于指纹识别装置100单独设置，也可以利用指纹识别装置100中的电极。
在本发明的一个实施例中，检测电极200可以是设置在指纹识别装置100表面上，且与指纹识别装置100的驱动信号共用的金属环，即，检测电极200可以共用指纹识别装置100在指纹识别过程中驱动信号的金属探测环，从而可以节省指纹识别系统的模组生产成本。其中，金属环的形状可以包括但不限于矩形、正方形或者圆形。应当理解的是，本发明中采用金属环作为检测电极200仅仅是示例性的，并非对检测电极200的材料和形状进行限定，检测电极200还可以由其他材料和形状构成。
检测电极200还可以是设置在接触检测装置300表面上的金属层，或者是设置在接触检测装置300上，且在覆盖物下的检测薄膜。也就是说，接触检测装置300可以是芯片集成在指纹识别系统中，检测电极200可以是集成在用作接触检测装置300的芯片的表面，与用户手指触摸时形成重叠区域的金属层，使得用户手指可以直接接触到的检测电极200。或者，检测电极200还可以是设置在玻璃面板等覆盖物下方，在指纹识别过程中用户手指隔着覆盖物的探测薄膜，使得用户手指隔着覆盖物也可以触摸到检测电极200。
下面通过检测电极200与指纹识别装置共用电极的情况对本发明实施例的指纹识别系统进行详细说明。
检测电极200作为接触检测装置300检测用户手指是否触摸到指纹识别装置100的输入端，当用户手指触摸或者靠近检测电极200时，检测电极200相对于接触检测装置300中系统地的电容值会发生变化。因此，本发明中可以根据检测电极200与系统地的电容值变化来判断用户手指是否触摸到检测电极200。
在接触检测装置300未检测到手指触摸检测电极200时，指纹识别装置100中的大部分功能模块均保持睡眠状态，例如，指纹扫描模块、特征提取模块、加密及传输模块等均保持低功耗的睡眠状态。当接触检测装置300检测到检测电极200与系统地的电容值，即外部电容值具有显著的变化时，才控制指纹识别装置的各个功能模块启动进行用户指纹的采集和对比。因此，可以在指纹识别装置100可靠地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大减少了指纹识别装置100的功耗。
图3是根据本发明一个具体实施例的指纹识别系统的结构示意图。
在本发明的实施例中，接触检测装置300具体包括模数转换器310、判断模块320和滤波模块330。
其中，模数转换器310包括时序控制单元311、充放电单元312、比较单元313和计数单元314，用于对检测电极200进行充放电，并检测该检测电极200上的电容值。
判断模块320包括第一阈值比较单元321、第二阈值比较单元322和生成单元323，用于根据检测电极200上的电容值判断是否有手指触摸到检测电极200，在判断有手指触摸到检测电极200时生成手指触摸信息，以启动指纹识别装置100进行指纹识别。具体而言，本发明中采用恒流对检测电极200进行充放电的方式来检测用户手指是否触摸到检测电极200。当用户手指未触摸到检测电极200时，检测电极200与接触检测装置300的系统地之间存在的电容值为，其中，检测电极200与系统地之间电容值通常与检测电极200和接触检测装置300的材料和结构相关联。当用户手指触摸到检测电极200时，由于手指与大地之间还存在一个电容值，此时，检测电极200与系统地之间的电容值会变为用户手指与系统地的电容值以及用户手指与大地的电容值之和，即+。其中，用户手指与大地之间的电容值与用户手指的干燥程度、接触力度、系统地与大地之间的耦合程度相关，其大小应当在pF级到nF级之间变化。
假设检测电极200上的充电电流和放电电流大小相等，记录为，充电时的终止电压为Vref，计数时钟频率为，那么在用户手指未接触到检测电极200时，模数转换器310的输出值应当为。当用户手指接触到检测电极200时，模数转换器310的输出值+应当为。因此，可以得出＝，也就是说，通过连续检测在检测电极200上电容值的变化，可以判断出用户手指是否触摸到检测电极200，从而判断出用户手指是否触摸到指纹识别装置100。
进一步而言，由于接触检测装置300集成在便携式电子设备(例如，手机、平板电脑)的指纹识别装置100中，该电子设备的开关电源以及射频通信相关的大电流切换，会造成电磁干扰(EMI，Electromagnetic Interference)，特别是当电子设备在充电状态时，充电器的开关电流切换会造成严重的电磁干扰。因此，会导致接触检测装置300的系统地耦合各种频率的共模信号，即产生共模干扰。例如，当用户和电子设备暴露在各种电磁环境中，会受到电磁场的影响，例如50Hz的工频干扰，此时则会出现共模干扰的情况。
当用户手指触摸到检测电极200时，接触检测装置300的系统地与大地之间存在电势差，如果存在共模干扰，则系统地与大地之间的电势差会发生波动，从而导致检测电极200与用户手指之间出现电荷流动，影响了接触检测装置300检测到的检测电极200上的充放电的波形。换言之，由于存在共模干扰会导致模数转换器310输出值的变化。
例如，图4中包括不存在共模干扰和存在共模干扰几种情况下检测电极200的充放电 波形。如图4(a)所示，当用户手指未接触到检测电极200时，由于检测电极200的电容值也是稳定的，此时检测电极200的充放电波形也是非常稳定的。如图4(b)所示，当用户手指接触到检测电极200时，如果不存在共模干扰，此时检测电极200的电容值会增大，电流充放电会变得平缓。如图4(c)-(e)所示，当用户手指接触到检测电极200时，如果存在共模干扰，此时检测电极200的电容值会发生变化，图4(c)中示出了检测电极200电容值会变得忽大忽小的情况，图4(d)中示出了充电速度过快，与电容值过小的表现相似的情况，图4(e)中示出了充电速度过慢，与电容值过大的表现相似的情况。
因此，在本发明的一个实施例中，接触检测装置300在对检测电极200进行充放电之前，可以先开启内部开关，使得检测电极200通过用户手指对系统地放电，从而可以衰减共模干扰以及用户手指上存在残留电荷的影响。
应当理解的是，当用户手指接触到检测电极200时，接触检测装置300的系统地与大地之间的电势差才会反映到对检测电极200进行充放电的波形上。因此，在共模干扰下检测电极200充放电波形的异常变动，也可以作为判断用户手指触摸到检测电极200的有效标志之一。
在本发明的一个实施例中，模数转换器310包括时序控制单元311、充放电单元312、比较单元313和计数单元314。其中，如图5所示，时序控制单元311用于生成时钟信号ADC_CLK和采样时钟信号Sample_CLK。
充放电单元312用于根据采样时钟信号Sample_CLK对检测电极200进行充放电。
比较单元313用于在充放电单元312根据采样时钟信号Sample_CLK对检测电极200进行充放电的过程中，将检测电极200的电压值V与电压设定值Vref进行比较。
计数单元314用于根据时钟信号ADC_CLK进行计数，并在检测电极200的电压值V达到电压设定值Vref时停止计数，以及输出计数值ADC_DATA。
具体而言，如图5和图6所示，时序控制单元311生成采样时钟信号SampleCLK，在每个采样时钟信号SampleCLK内，充放电单元312对检测电极200进行充电和放电，时序控制单元311扫描检测电极200上的电压值V的变化，并将检测电极200上的电压值V输入到比较单元313中。其中，时序控制单元311将检测电极200的电压值V输入到比较单元313的正相输入端，比较单元313的反相输入端输入电压设定值Vref。比较单元313将检测电极200的电压值V与电压设定值Vref进行比较，并将比较结果输入到计数单元314。时序控制单元311同时还生成时钟信号ADC_CLK，计数单元314在充放电单元312对检测电极200开始充电时开始计数，当比较单元313比较检测电极200的电压值V达到电压 设定值Vref时，计数单元314停止计数，并输出计数值ADC_DATA。此时，计数单元314输出的计数值ADC_DATA可以作为检测电极200上的电容值。
在本发明的一个实施例中，在计数单元314计满数时停止计数，并输出计数值。也就是说，当检测电极200的电压值V未达到电压设定值Vref时，如果计数单元314计数满，则计数单元314停止计数并输出计数值ADC_DATA。
在本发明的一个实施例中，判断模块320包括第一阈值比较单元321、第二阈值比较单元322和生成单元323。第一阈值比较单元321用于比较计数值是否小于第一阈值。第二阈值比较单元322用于比较计数值是否大于第二阈值，第二阈值大于第一阈值。生成单元323在计数值小于第一阈值(表示检测电极200上的电容值过小)或者计数值大于第二阈值(表示检测电极200上的电容值过大)时，判断用户手指触摸到检测电极200，生成手指触摸信息。
具体而言，判断模块320可以包括两个阈值比较单元，如图3和图5所示，第一阈值比较单元321具有第一阈值ADC_THL，第二阈值比较单元322具有第二阈值ADC_THH，其中，第二阈值ADC_THH大于第一阈值ADC_THL，且第一阈值ADC_THL与第二阈值ADC_THH可根据指纹检测装置的结构进行调整。第一阈值比较单元321和第二阈值比较单元322分别将计数单元314输出的计数值ADC_DATA与第一阈值和第二阈值进行比较，从而判断出是否存在共模干扰，进而判断出手指是否触摸到检测电极200。
在判断用户手指触摸检测电极200之后，生成单元323生成手指触摸信息，以控制指纹识别装置100(图中未示出)启动，通过指纹扫描模块、特征提取模块、加密传输模块等对用户手指的指纹进行采集和对比。
由于仅根据一次判断来确定是否有手指触摸检测电极200，容易产生误判。在本发明一个实施例中，接触检测装置300还包括滤波模块330。滤波模块330用于在预设时间段内统计多个由判断模块320产生的手指触摸信息，并按预设规则输出手指触摸标志位，以启动指纹识别装置100(图中未示出)。具体而言，预设时间段内，在判断模块320周期性判断用户手指触摸到检测电极200之后，滤波模块330还可以统计计数单元314输出的计数值，即根据电容值的变化，对电容值进行毛刺过滤和多次累加，若满足预设规则(如判断有手指触摸达到5次等)，最终输出手指的触摸标志位FTD_FLAG。
应当理解的是，本发明中可以将整个指纹识别系统制作成芯片，将指纹识别系统作为片上系统(System on Chip)。
本发明实施例的指纹识别系统，根据检测电极上电容值的变化来判断是否有手指触摸指纹识别装置，在未检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时保持指纹识别装置的大部分功能模块处于休眠状态，在检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时再启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别，从 而在可靠、有效地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大降低了指纹识别装置的功耗。此外，减少了共模干扰的复杂滤波以及微控制单元MCU的计算需求，使得指纹识别系统的电路结构简单，降低了检测装置的制造成本。
为了实现上述实施例，本发明还提出一种指纹识别方法。
图7是本发明一个实施例的用于检测手指触摸的检测方法的流程图，如图7所示，该检测方法包括：
S701：接触检测装置对检测电极进行充放电，并检测该检测电极上的电容值。
在本发明的一个实施例中，检测电极包括设置在指纹识别装置表面上，且与指纹识别装置的驱动信号金属环共用的金属环；或者检测电极包括设置在接触检测装置表面上的金属层；或者检测电极包括设置在接触检测装置上，且覆盖在覆盖物下的检测薄膜。
在本发明的一个实施例中，接触检测装置对检测电极进行充放电，并检测检测电极上的电容值具体包括：生成时钟信号和采样时钟信号；根据采样时钟信号对检测电极进行充放电；在对检测电极进行充放电的过程中，将检测电极的电压值与电压设定值进行比较；以及根据时钟信号进行计数，并在检测电极的电压值达到电压设定值时停止计数，以及输出计数值。
S702：接触检测装置根据电容值判断是否有手指触摸到检测电极。
在本发明的一个实施例中，接触检测装置根据电容值判断是否有手指触摸到检测电极具体包括：比较计数值是否小于第一阈值；比较计数值是否大于第二阈值；以及在计数值小于第一阈值或者计数值大于第二阈值时，判断手指触摸到检测电极。
S703：在判断手指触摸到检测电极时，接触检测装置生产手指触摸信息，以启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别。
在本发明的一个实施例中，在判断手指触摸到检测电极之后，还包括：在预设时间段内统计多个所述手指触摸信息，并按预设规则输出手指触摸标志位，以启动指纹识别装置。
在本发明的一个实施例中，在判断手指未触摸到检测电极时，指纹识别装置保持睡眠状态。
本发明实施例的指纹识别方法，根据检测电极上电容值的变化来判断是否有手指触摸指纹识别装置，在未检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时保持指纹识别装置的大部分功能模块处于休眠状态，在检测到手指触摸指纹识别装置时再启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别，从而在可靠、有效地识别出用户指纹的同时，大大降低了指纹识别装置的功耗。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例的指纹识别方法的具体实现方式与本发明实施例的指纹识别系统部分的具体实现方式类似，具体请参见指纹识别系统的描述，为了减少冗余，此处不做赘述。
应当理解，本发明的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种指纹识别系统，其特征在于，包括：
    指纹识别装置；
    检测电极；以及
    接触检测装置，所述接触检测装置包括：
    模数转换器，用于对所述检测电极进行充放电，并检测所述检测电极上的电容值；
    判断模块，用于根据所述电容值判断是否有手指触摸到所述检测电极，在判断有手指触摸到所述检测电极时生成手指触摸信息，以启动所述指纹识别装置进行指纹识别。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的指纹识别系统，其特征在于，所述模数转换器具体包括：
    时序控制单元，用于生成时钟信号和采样时钟信号；
    充放电单元，用于根据所述采样时钟信号对所述检测电极进行充放电；
    比较单元，用于在所述充放电单元对所述检测电极进行充放电的过程中，将所述检测电极的电压值与电压设定值进行比较；以及
    计数单元，用于根据所述时钟信号进行计数，并在所述检测电极的电压值达到所述电压设定值时停止计数，以及输出计数值。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的指纹识别系统，其特征在于，所述判断模块具体包括：
    第一阈值比较单元，用于比较所述计数值是否小于第一阈值；
    第二阈值比较单元，用于比较所述计数值是否大于第二阈值，所述第二阈值大于所述第一阈值；以及
    生成单元，用于在所述计数值小于所述第一阈值或者所述计数值大于所述第二阈值时，判断手指触摸到所述检测电极，生成手指触摸信息。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的指纹识别系统，其特征在于，所述接触检测装置还包括：
    滤波模块，用于在预设时间段内统计多个所述手指触摸信息，并按预设规则输出手指触摸标志位，以启动所述指纹识别装置。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的指纹识别系统，其特征在于，所述检测电极包括设置在所述指纹识别装置表面上且与所述指纹识别装置的驱动信号共用的金属环、设置在所述接触检测装置表面上的金属层或者设置在所述接触检测装置上且在覆盖物下的检测薄膜。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的指纹识别系统，其特征在于，在判断手指未触摸到所述检测电极时，所述指纹识别装置保持睡眠状态。
  7. 一种指纹识别方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接触检测装置对检测电极进行充放电，并检测所述检测电极上的电容值；
    所述接触检测装置根据所述电容值判断是否有手指触摸到所述检测电极；以及
    在判断手指触摸到所述检测电极时，所述接触检测装置生成手指触摸信息，以启动指纹识别装置进行指纹识别。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的指纹识别方法，其特征在于，所述接触检测装置对检测电极进行充放电，并检测所述检测电极上的电容值具体包括：
    生成时钟信号和采样时钟信号；
    根据所述采样时钟信号对检测电极进行充放电；
    在对所述检测电极进行充放电的过程中，将所述检测电极的电压值与电压设定值进行比较；以及
    根据所述时钟信号进行计数，并在所述检测电极的电压值达到所述电压设定值时停止计数，以及输出计数值。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的指纹识别方法，其特征在于，所述接触检测装置根据所述电容值判断是否有手指触摸到所述检测电极具体包括：
    比较所述计数值是否小于第一阈值；
    比较所述计数值是否大于第二阈值，所述第二阈值大于所述第一阈值；以及
    在所述计数值小于所述第一阈值或者所述计数值大于所述第二阈值时，判断手指触摸到所述检测电极，生成手指触摸信息。
  10. 如权利要求7-9任一项所述的指纹识别方法，其特征在于，在所述生成手指触摸信息之后，还包括：
    在预设时间段内统计多个所述手指触摸信息，并按预设规则输出手指触摸标志位，以启动所述指纹识别装置。
  11. 如权利要求7-10任一项所述的指纹识别方法，其特征在于，所述检测电极包括设置在所述指纹识别装置表面上且与所述指纹识别装置的驱动信号共用的金属环、设置在所述接触检测装置表面上的金属层或者设置在所述接触检测装置上且在覆盖物下的检测薄膜。
  12. 如权利要求7-11任一项所述的指纹识别方法，其特征在于，在判断手指未触摸到所述检测电极时，所述指纹识别装置保持睡眠状态。
  13. 一种设备，其特征在于，包括：
    一个或者多个处理器；
    存储器；
    一个或者多个程序，所述一个或者多个程序存储在所述存储器中，当被所述一个或者 多个处理器执行时，执行如权利要求7-12任一项所述的指纹识别方法。
  14. 一种非易失性计算机存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机存储介质存储有一个或者多个程序，当所述一个或者多个程序被一个设备执行时，使得所述设备执行如权利要求7-12任一项所述的指纹识别方法。
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