WO2016167593A1 - 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로 - Google Patents
자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016167593A1 WO2016167593A1 PCT/KR2016/003932 KR2016003932W WO2016167593A1 WO 2016167593 A1 WO2016167593 A1 WO 2016167593A1 KR 2016003932 W KR2016003932 W KR 2016003932W WO 2016167593 A1 WO2016167593 A1 WO 2016167593A1
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- Prior art keywords
- coolant
- space
- reactor
- heat exchanger
- steam
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an unmanned nuclear reactor for self-diagnosis accidents, and more specifically, to allow passive cooling of excessively generated heat without an operator's operation when a reactor abnormality occurs.
- the present invention relates to a reactor having a cooling system that can be completely passive by changing environmental conditions such as reactor structure and pressure, and has a simpler structure than a conventional reactor safety system.
- a cooling system can realize heat exchange much faster than a conventional heat exchanger, and by using the saturated steam pressure, the heat exchange control can be passively performed easily without any control means. It is about.
- Nuclear power generation is a method of producing electrical energy by turning a turbine using energy generated during nuclear fission
- Figure 1 briefly illustrates the principle of nuclear power generation in general.
- the enormous thermal energy generated by the nuclear fission in the reactor vessel is transferred to the coolant in the reactor vessel, which is circulated in the direction of exiting the reactor vessel and passing through the heat exchanger and back into the reactor vessel as indicated by the dark arrows in FIG. .
- the thermal energy of the coolant passes through the heat exchanger to the steam generator, and the water in the steam generator changes phase into high temperature and high pressure steam by the thermal energy.
- the high temperature and high pressure steam generated as described above is supplied to the turbine as indicated by the light arrow of FIG.
- the reactor is equipped with various safety systems to rapidly cool the reactor in case of damage to the reactor.
- These safety systems consist of supplementary supply of coolant to each part of the reactor and circulation of the coolant along an appropriate flow path to absorb heat from each part of the reactor and ultimately to be disposed in an external heat sink.
- the coolant which has been in direct contact with each part of the reactor, contains radioactive substances that are dangerous to the environment, and therefore, the coolant itself should not be discharged directly to the outside, but should be configured to dissipate only heat.
- a heat exchanger for dissipating heat to an external heat sink in a nuclear reactor safety system is commonly referred to as a heat exchanger for removing residual heat in the reactor technical field.
- Existing heat exchanger for removing residual heat has a form as briefly shown in FIG.
- existing residual heat exchanger as shown in Figure 2, the flow path (1) through which the hot fluid flows is formed in a pool (pool) for receiving a coolant therein (form) provided in the water tank (2) that serves as a heat sink It may be made of.
- the heat exchanger for removing residual heat transfers heat from the high temperature fluid flowing in the flow path 1 to the coolant in the water tank 2, and as a result, the high temperature fluid is cooled.
- heat transfer by convection may occur, and when the temperature of the high temperature fluid is very high, the heat transfer is achieved by boiling the coolant around the flow path 1. It is also built.
- the present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the object of the present invention is to enable the cooling of the excessively generated heat passively without operator's operation in the event of a reactor failure, such safety measures Unmanned nuclear reactor for self-diagnosis accidents, which enables the cooling operation for the system to be completely passive by changing environmental conditions such as reactor structure and pressure without additional control instruction, and has a simpler structure than the existing reactor safety system. In providing.
- the heat exchange is performed by using a two-phase heat transfer mechanism (two-phase heat transfer mechanism), but the optimized flow path is arranged in three dimensions so that the heat exchange by this ideal flow heat transfer is effective
- the present invention provides an unmanned nuclear reactor for self-diagnosis accidents by introducing an injection type heat exchanger having a structure to maximize heat exchange performance, and by using saturated steam pressure to easily perform heat exchange control without a separate control means.
- the self-diagnostic accident response unmanned reactor of the present invention for achieving the above object, the self-diagnosis accident response unmanned reactor, the reactor drive system comprising a reactor vessel, a steam tube and a water supply pipe connected to the reactor core; And an energy release space (ERS) for accommodating a reactor drive system, an energy absorbing space (EAS) communicating with the energy release space by an upper passage formed therein and accommodating a coolant, and the energy emitting space. And a residual heat removal unit connected to the reactor driving system and a circulation path connected to the energy absorption space to transfer the heat emitted from the reactor driving system to the coolant and to be absorbed by the coolant.
- ERS energy release space
- EAS energy absorbing space
- ETS Energy Transfer Spac that delivers energy to the outside e, ETS
- a nuclear reactor safety system wherein the coolant in the nuclear reactor safety system is selectively circulated according to the change in pressure in the nuclear reactor drive system and the thermal hydraulic conditions changed by the coolant leakage.
- Cooling wherein the residual heat removal unit, the heat transfer unit is a heat transfer by a two-phase heat transfer mechanism using a coolant supplied by a flow path connected to the energy absorbing space, the coolant and the inside
- An airtight container portion for accommodating the heat exchanger and having a lower portion thereof open to enable the circulation of the coolant, and an outer cylinder for enclosing the airtight container and accommodating and distributing the coolant, is generated by boiling by the heat exchanger.
- For sealing by the coolant steam Portion may be formed such that within the heat exchange portion is formed having a saturated vapor pressure in the deployed position space.
- the self-diagnostic response unmanned reactor of the present invention including the reactor vessel 152 for accommodating the reactor core 151, the steam generator 154 and the steam generator 153 connected to the water supply pipe 155 A first containment vessel 110 and a first containment vessel 110 for receiving a gas and the reactor drive system in the reactor drive system and the first space V1 therein, the horizontal partition wall 125 therein.
- the inner space is divided into a lower second space (V2) and the upper third space (V3) of the second containment container 120 for receiving a coolant in the second space (V2), one end is It is disposed in the first space (V1) and the other end is in communication with the second space (V2) and the containment pipe pipe 111 is provided with a storage pipe valve 111v, one end is the third space (V3) ) And the other end is in communication with the first space (V1) is provided with a coolant injection valve (112v)
- the coolant injection pipe 112 is provided in the third space (V3) and is connected to the reactor drive system to transfer the heat emitted from the reactor drive system to the coolant and to transfer the heat absorbed by the coolant to the outside Comprising a reactor safety system comprising a 130, wherein the coolant in the reactor safety system is selectively distributed in accordance with the thermal hydraulic conditions that are changed by the pressure change in the reactor drive system and the coolant leakage or not to drive the reactor Cooling system, the residual heat
- the method for operating a self-diagnostic accident response unmanned reactor of the present invention a method for operating a reactor as described above, the step of stopping the reactor drive system; Closing the steam isolation valve 154v provided in the steam pipe 154 and the water supply isolation valve 155v provided in the water supply pipe 155; An isolation step comprising a step of introducing the vapor generated by evaporation of the coolant in the reactor drive system into the primary heat exchanger 131; Steam entering the primary heat exchanger (131) is condensed through the primary heat exchanger (131) to generate a coolant, and the generated coolant is re-introduced into the reactor vessel (152) and circulated; A primary heat exchanger circulating step comprising a step of heating and boiling the heat exchanged with the steam introduced into the primary heat exchanger 131 and the coolant contained in the heat exchanger container 134; Forming a space having a saturated steam pressure by steam generated by boiling the coolant around the primary heat exchanger 131 on the heat exchange vessel 134; Expanding
- the present invention there is a great effect to allow a much faster heat exchange than the conventional heat exchanger.
- the three-dimensional heat exchanger of the present invention unlike the conventional heat exchangers simply performed heat exchange using basic heat transfer principles such as convection and conduction, it is a two-phase heat transfer mechanism (two-phase heat transfer mechanism) Since the heat exchange is carried out by using a heat exchanger, much faster heat exchange can be realized than conventional heat exchangers.
- the flow path in which the hot medium flows / the flow path in the low temperature medium / the flow path in which the coolant is injected is arranged in three dimensions closely
- the present invention not only performs heat exchange using only the ideal flow heat transfer principle, but also introduces a three-dimensional structure to the heat exchanger structure which can improve their efficiency, thereby maximizing heat exchange rate and heat exchange efficiency. will be.
- the heat exchanger using the abnormal flow heat transfer is arranged in an enclosed space filled with coolant, so that steam generated during the heat exchanger operation can be condensed quickly and effectively. Therefore, there is an effect of preventing excessive increase in pressure in the heat exchange space and the space connected thereto by the vapor pressure of the coolant inevitably generated during the abnormal flow heat transfer.
- the structure itself since the structure itself operates and stops the heat exchanger and adjusts the level of the coolant naturally, there is no need to perform separate control for operation and stop, thereby maximizing operational convenience. There is also an effect.
- the heat exchanger of the present invention since the heat exchanger of the present invention has a much higher heat exchange rate and heat exchange efficiency than the heat exchanger used for conventional reactor cooling, the heat exchanger of the present invention has an effect of significantly improving the reactor cooling efficiency. .
- the pressure increase in the heat exchanger accommodating space is prevented as described above, when the heat exchanger of the present invention is applied to the reactor safety system, an effect of suppressing excessive pressure increase in the reactor containment vessel can be obtained.
- the present invention since the safety system is made completely driven, there is an effect of minimizing the risk of an accident by enabling rapid cooling without the need for a separate control instruction when the reactor damage occurs.
- the present invention has a new structure based on the concept of thermal hydraulic operation, which is completely different from the conventional passive reactor safety system, and based on this new structure, various cooling conditions can be appropriately performed according to various accident conditions. Can be.
- the reactor safety system configuration of the present invention since the reactor safety system configuration of the present invention has a dramatically simplified structure compared to the existing reactor safety system configuration, it is possible to lower the difficulty in designing and constructing the reactor compared to the existing, and the completed reactor There is also a huge effect that the ease and convenience in operating the unparalleled improvement. This, of course, is very effective in saving resources such as time, manpower, and cost for design, construction, operation, and control.
- the reactor safety system configuration of the present invention is not only different from the conventional, but also unlike the conventional reactor safety system is configured to absorb the high-temperature energy of the reactor quickly by using an ideal flow heat transfer method to discard to the outside (heat sinks, such as sea water).
- heat sinks such as sea water
- the cooling rate is dramatically increased, and as a result, the absolute cooling ability is also greatly improved.
- the heat absorbed by the coolant acting as the heat sink is disposed once more to the outside, that is, the infinite heat sink, as a result, there is a great effect of extending the residual heat removal time to infinity.
- control means that is substantially active in performing the cooling operation (that is, operated when the operator gives a control instruction from the outside), and the overall structure itself is much simplified, so that the manufacturing and operation of Convenience is much improved.
- the present invention is not only simple in shape but also capable of installation in a space that is much smaller in volume than a conventional nuclear safety reactor (because of excellent cooling capability).
- nuclear reactor operation and construction economics also have a significant effect.
- 111 cylinder pipe for storage
- 111v cylinder pipe for storage
- coolant injection pipe 112v coolant injection valve
- auxiliary water supply pipe 116v auxiliary water supply valve
- auxiliary steam release valve 132a auxiliary secondary heat exchanger
- heat exchanger container 134a coolant flow path
- reactor drive system 151 reactor core
- FIG. 3 illustrates the structural concept of the reactor of the present invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates the principle of operation in the conceptual reactor structure of the present invention as shown in FIG.
- the reactor of the present invention has a nuclear reactor safety system that can perform cooling rapidly and effectively when the reactor drive system is stopped by an accident or the like.
- the reactor driving system may be formed in any form.
- the reactor driving type is generally used in a large reactor, that is, a reactor vessel and a steam generator separately accommodating the reactor core are separated from each other. It may be a system, or may be a type used for a small reactor, that is, a reactor driving system in which a steam generator is accommodated in a reactor vessel to form an integrated unit.
- the reactor drive system basically includes a reactor vessel, a steam pipe and a water supply pipe connected to the reactor core. do.
- the safety system of the nuclear reactor of the present invention includes an energy release space (ERS), an energy absorbing space (ESA), an energy transfer space (EAS), and the like.
- ETS is divided into three.
- the reactor drive system is accommodated in the energy discharge space ERS, and the coolant is accommodated in the energy absorption space EAS.
- the energy absorbing space EAS is formed to communicate with the energy emitting space ERS by a passage formed on the upper side as shown.
- the energy transfer space (ETS) is formed so as to be isolated from the energy discharge space (ERS) and the energy absorption space (EAS), therein is connected to the residual heat removal unit and the energy absorption space connected to the reactor drive system therein.
- the distribution path is provided, so that the heat discharged from the reactor drive system can be transferred to the coolant and the heat absorbed by the coolant can be transferred to the outside.
- the coolant in the nuclear reactor safety system is selectively circulated according to the thermal hydraulic conditions that are changed by the pressure change in the reactor drive system and the coolant leakage whether to cool the reactor drive system. Is done. 4, the operation principle in the configuration of the conceptual reactor of the present invention will be described in more detail.
- FIG. 4 (A) shows the normal state in the conceptual configuration of the reactor of the present invention as shown in FIG. 3, since it is not necessary to cool the reactor additionally when the reactor is operating normally. ) State remains the same. In this case, there is no coolant movement in the energy absorption space EAS and the energy transfer space ETS.
- FIG. 4 (B) shows the coolant movement in a state where the reactor is stopped due to an accident or the like and overheating begins to be released.
- pressurization may be performed only by air in the energy discharge space ERS.
- the coolant leakage may occur in the reactor drive system, and the leaked coolant may be further pressurized by vapor generated by evaporation), and the passage may be formed in the upper side of the energy discharge space ERS.
- the coolant is under pressure. Accordingly, the coolant in the energy absorption space EAS is supplied to the energy transfer space ETS as indicated by the arrow.
- the energy transfer space is provided with a residual heat removal unit and a distribution path as described above.
- the residual heat removal unit is a heat transfer by a two-phase heat transfer mechanism (cooling material) using a coolant supplied by a flow path connected to the energy absorption space, It includes a sealed container portion for receiving the coolant and the heat exchanger therein and the lower portion is opened to enable the circulation of the coolant.
- the heat exchange part is connected to the reactor drive system, the first heat exchanger through which coolant circulated through the reactor drive system is distributed, and is disposed in close proximity to the first heat exchanger and is distributed in the first heat exchanger. And a second heat exchanger to absorb heat from the coolant.
- a space having a saturated steam pressure is formed at a position where the heat exchange part is disposed in the sealed container part by the coolant vapor generated by boiling by the heat exchange part. More specifically, a space having a saturated steam pressure is formed at a position where the heat exchanger is disposed in the sealed container by coolant steam generated by boiling by the first heat exchanger, and the energy absorption space is formed on the space having a saturated steam pressure.
- the coolant supplied by the flow path connected to the gas is injected into the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger so that an abnormal flow heat transfer phenomenon occurs, so that heat transfer by the abnormal flow heat transfer phenomenon can be more effectively performed.
- FIG. 4 (C) shows the coolant movement in a state where overheating is further generated so that only indirect cooling as in FIG. 4 (B) alone cannot achieve sufficient cooling.
- FIG. 4B when the coolant moves from the energy absorption space EAS to the energy transfer space ETS and the cooling of the reactor drive system is continued, the energy transfer space ETS is passed over time.
- the coolant level in) increases continuously, and the coolant level in the energy absorption space (EAS) continues to fall.
- the coolant level in the energy transfer space ETS rises above a certain level, the coolant in the energy transfer space ETS moves to the energy discharge space ERS as shown in FIG. 4 (C).
- the coolant moved to the energy discharge space (ERS) is in direct contact with the reactor drive system, thereby allowing the coolant to directly absorb heat from the reactor drive system. That is, in FIG. 4C, the coolant moves directly from the energy transfer space ETS to the energy discharge space ERS to perform direct cooling of the reactor drive system.
- the coolant in the nuclear reactor safety system depends on the thermal hydraulic conditions such as pressure change in the reactor drive system, coolant leakage, and pressure change in each space that is changed accordingly, coolant level, and the like. By appropriately moving, it is made to perform cooling of the reactor drive system.
- heat transfer is achieved by using a two-phase heat transfer mechanism.
- 5 is a view for explaining the principle of the abnormal flow heat transfer phenomenon used in the reactor of the present invention.
- the basic heat exchange principle of the existing heat exchangers is that the heat exchange medium is formed to pass through in an isolated flow path from the outside, and the heat exchange medium inside the flow path directly exchanges heat with each other. Heat transfer occurs. That is, the most widely used form of air-cooled heat exchanger is configured such that high temperature coolant flows in the flow path and low temperature air flows out of the flow path so that the low temperature air absorbs the heat of the high temperature coolant. do. Or another example, a heterogeneous heat exchanger configured such that a high temperature oil flows on one side and a low temperature coolant flows on the other side so that the low temperature coolant absorbs the heat of the high temperature oil. Air forms are also widely used. However, the heat exchanger in the present invention performs the heat exchange according to a completely different principle.
- the heat exchange unit of the present invention using a two-phase heat transfer mechanism includes a discharge tube (left tube in FIG. 5) through which a high temperature heat exchange medium flows, and a low temperature heat exchange medium.
- a discharge tube left tube in FIG. 5
- a low temperature heat exchange medium Basically, there are three types of nozzles for flowing the absorption tube (the right tube in FIG. 5) and the other heat exchange medium (coolant in FIG. 5, but of course, other liquids).
- a high temperature heat exchange medium flows in the discharge tube, and a low temperature heat exchange medium flows in the absorption tube.
- the two tubes are brought into close contact with each other so that heat is transferred from the high temperature side to the low temperature side through the tube wall surface, but in the heat exchange part of the present invention using an abnormal flow heat transfer phenomenon, the two tubes are not properly spaced. Spaced apart.
- the nozzle is provided on the discharge tube side to inject cooling water into the discharge tube.
- the coolant droplets instantly absorb the heat of the high temperature heat exchange medium in the discharge tube and rapidly evaporate. That is, on the outer surface of the discharge tube, a rapid amount of evaporative heat is absorbed by the coolant droplets (Tube outside: Quenching), and inside the discharge tube, a high-temperature heat exchange medium is used as the evaporative heat of the coolant droplets. The existing heat is taken away, released, cooled and condensed (Tube inside: Condensation).
- the discharge tube and the absorption tube are spaced apart from each other, and a separate heat exchange medium (cooling water in the example of FIG. 5) sprayed from the nozzle is sprayed in the liquid state at the nozzle and close to the discharge tube.
- the heat transfer is carried out in a gas-liquid two-phase manner by evaporation at the gas phase, condensation near the absorption tube and back to the liquid state.
- the present invention is to achieve the heat absorption of the coolant by using such an ideal flow heat transfer method, it is possible to realize much faster and more effective cooling than the conventional reactor safety system.
- Figure 6 illustrates the principle of saturation vapor pressure space formation of the reactor of the present invention.
- the residual heat removing unit illustrated in FIG. 3 is illustrated more schematically.
- the heat exchanger provided in the residual heat removal unit of the present invention may include first, a low temperature fluid in addition to a flow path through which the high temperature fluid is distributed (the first heat exchanger in FIG. 6).
- the flow path (second heat exchanger in FIG. 6) and the flow path are further provided, and secondly, the coolant accommodating structure for accommodating the flow path through which the hot fluid flows is different.
- the spray heat exchanger of the present invention may be operated in a state as shown in FIG. 6 (A).
- 6 (A) state corresponds to the state of FIG. 5 (A), when the high-temperature fluid flows to the first heat exchanger in this state, once the high-temperature fluid, similar to the existing residual heat removal heat exchanger shown in FIG. Heat is transferred to the coolant around the first heat exchanger through which the coolant is boiled, thereby cooling the high temperature fluid.
- the coolant accommodating structure of the present invention includes a sealed container part and a water tank, and a sealed container part in which a first heat exchanger in which a high temperature fluid is distributed is accommodated.
- the lower part is opened and the upper part is formed in a closed shape, and a water tank having an upper part is provided at the lower part of the sealed container part. That is, the sealed container portion is further provided in the water tank of the existing heat exchanger for removing residual heat. At this time, as shown, the sealed container portion is filled with the coolant in the liquid state without an empty space inside the initial state.
- the first heat exchanger in which the hot fluid flows, the second heat exchanger in which the low-temperature fluid flows, and the flow path for injecting the coolant are accommodated in the space where the vapor formed by the evaporation of the coolant has a saturated vapor pressure is filled.
- the heat transfer from the hot fluid in the first heat exchanger to the cold fluid in the second heat exchanger may be achieved by a two-phase heat transfer mechanism.
- the first heat exchanger (high temperature fluid flow) in FIG. 6 corresponds to the discharge tube in FIG. 5, and the second heat exchanger in FIG. 6 ( Low temperature fluid flow) corresponds to the absorption tube in FIG. 5, and the flow path in FIG. 6 corresponds to the nozzle in FIG. 5. That is, in the structure as shown in FIG. 6, heat transfer from the high temperature fluid to the low temperature fluid according to the ideal flow heat transfer principle as described above may be performed smoothly.
- the abnormal flow heat transfer uses heat of evaporation and condensation of the coolant as described above, heat transfer takes place, and thus, efficiency is significantly higher than heat transfer in general fluid, that is, convective heat transfer.
- the ideal flow heat transfer method can realize heat transfer much faster and more effectively than conventional heat transfer methods.
- the coolant injected from the flow path is the first heat exchanger (corresponding to the discharge tube in Fig. 5).
- Heat transfer is achieved by evaporating around and condensing around the second heat exchanger (corresponding to the absorption tube in FIG. 5), whereby there is as much coolant vapor as possible around the first and second heat exchangers. The more advantageous it is.
- the higher the ratio of non-condensable gases, such as air, around the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger the lower the ideal flow heat transfer efficiency.
- the coolant vapor is filled in the upper space of the sealed container, thereby forming a space filled with the coolant vapor having a saturated steam pressure as shown in FIG.
- the high-temperature fluid is cooled by the abnormal flow heat transfer between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.
- the lower part of the first heat exchanger may be immersed in the coolant in the liquid state, in which the cooling of the hot fluid by boiling of the coolant is performed on the same principle as in FIG. 6 (A).
- the portion of the coolant in the liquid state still uses the boiling of the coolant and is exposed to steam. In the case of cooling by using ideal flow heat transfer, much improved cooling efficiency and speed can be realized.
- the non-condensable gas air, etc.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 The conceptual configuration and principle of the reactor of the present invention has been described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 (see item I. ), and the ideal flow heat transfer principle and saturated steam pressure which are the main principles used in the reactor of the present invention are described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the principle of space formation has been described (see section II. ).
- the nuclear reactor of the present invention will be described as more specific and detailed embodiments. 7 is an embodiment of the reactor of the present invention, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the reactor of the present invention also comprises a reactor drive system and a reactor safety system.
- the reactor drive system includes a reactor vessel 152 for accommodating the reactor core 151, a steam generator 154, and a steam generator 153 connected to the water supply pipe 155.
- the reactor driving system is not limited to the one shown, but may be in any other form, such as an integral form provided or a form in which a steam generator is provided outside the reactor vessel. The operation of each part of the reactor drive system will be described in detail as follows.
- the nuclear reactor core 151 is a central portion of a nuclear reactor, in which a nuclear nucleus of nuclear fuel is combined with a neutron, causing nuclear fission to be split into two and thermal energy is generated. That is, the reactor core 151 generally refers to a bundle of fuel rods that are nuclear fuel of a nuclear reactor. Also, the reactor core 151 is generally provided with a reactor output control rod. The reactor output control rod is inserted into the reactor core 151 so as to be movable upward and downward, thereby adjusting the degree of nuclear fission of the fuel according to the insertion degree. As it serves to control the output itself of the reactor (100).
- the reactor vessel 152 is formed to be sealed to the outside to accommodate the reactor core 151.
- the reactor output control rod is to be controlled to move up and down, the upper end portion is generally provided to be exposed to the outside of the reactor vessel 152.
- the reactor core 151 naturally has the reactor vessel. 152 is disposed below.
- the coolant is accommodated in the reactor vessel 152 so that the heat energy generated in the reactor core 151 is absorbed by the coolant.
- the coolant not only serves to cool the reactor core 151 by absorbing heat energy generated from the reactor core 151, but also serves as a coolant to ultimately generate power by transferring heat absorbed by the coolant to the outside. This will be described in more detail below in the steam generator 153 section.
- Coolant or water
- heat exchange media circulating in each part may be mixed, such as a circulation passage, which is normally closed when the reactor safety system is operated, may be opened. Therefore, it is common that all of the heat exchange medium or coolant used in each part of the reactor is consistently used as cooling water.
- the steam generator 153 is formed in the form of a heat exchanger and is provided inside the reactor vessel 152.
- the coolant operating as a heat exchange medium is distributed inside the steam generator 153, and receives heat from the coolant in the reactor vessel 152 around the steam generator 153. Accordingly, the coolant circulated in the steam generator 153 absorbs heat to cause evaporation, and the coolant that is in a gaseous state of high temperature and high pressure is discharged to the steam pipe 154 to operate a turbine. After operating the turbine, the condensed coolant is circulated again by being supplied to the steam generator 153 through the water supply pipe 155.
- the steam pipe 154 and the water supply pipe 155 are provided with a steam pipe isolation valve 154v and a water supply pipe isolation valve 155v, respectively, so as to block the outside in an emergency.
- the coolant inside the reactor vessel 152 naturally performs circulation convection. More specifically, it is as follows.
- the heat energy generated in the reactor core 151 is absorbed into the coolant, the coolant that has become high temperature rises.
- the coolant in the steam generator 153 and the high temperature coolant cause heat exchange. That is, the coolant in the steam generator 153 absorbs heat from the high temperature coolant. Therefore, the coolant of the high temperature falls while passing the steam generator 153 is made to fall.
- the lowered coolant again absorbs the heat energy generated from the reactor core 151, and thus, natural circulation convection is achieved.
- the driving system of the reactor described above is common to existing large or small (integrated) reactors.
- the drive system configured as described above operates to produce power in the reactor, and in normal operation, the drive system alone does not have a problem in operation.
- the reactor vessel 152 if damage occurs in the reactor vessel 152 and the coolant in the reactor vessel 152 leaks, the thermal energy generated in the reactor core 151 may not be absorbed by a sufficient amount of coolant, thus the reactor core ( 151)
- the reactor core ( 151) There is a risk that excessive damage to the parts, such as melting of the components due to excessive temperature rise.
- safety is most important because the impact on the environment such as radioactive leakage is very large. Therefore, when the damage occurs to the reactor vessel 152 and leakage of coolant occurs, the reactor vessel 152 and the like are removed. It is essential to have a safety system that provides rapid cooling.
- the conventional passive safety systems are considerably bulky and therefore have high construction or economic constraints, and a considerable amount of time, manpower, and the like have been consumed to design to overcome them.
- the conventional passive safety system when the conventional passive safety system is applied, sufficient cooling efficiency cannot be obtained, thereby increasing the difficulty of design.
- the space, materials, and costs are not only wasted in the process of constructing the actual reactor, but also resources, such as time, manpower, and cost, can be further wasted during the operation of the constructed reactor. There was no.
- the reactor of the present invention in order to solve such a problem, not only can one system properly cope with various reactor accident occurrence situations, but also a safety system (ie, devices for cooling the reactor) is completely driven, No separate control instructions are required to ensure rapid cooling in the event of reactor damage.
- the reactor of the present invention unlike the conventional, performs the cooling mainly by using an ideal flow heat transfer method, and also to ensure that the cooling is performed in the process of properly moving the coolant in the containment vessel divided into several spaces in the event of an accident, Compared to this, much faster and more effective cooling can be achieved.
- the configuration of the present invention is much simpler than the conventional passive safety system, and as a result, the reactor volume can be significantly reduced, and therefore, it is also very suitable for application to small reactors whose demand is gradually expanding recently.
- the nuclear reactor safety system includes a first containment vessel 110 and a second containment vessel 120 at most, the containment pipe passage 111 for cooling of the coolant therein, and cooling.
- the re-injection pipe 112 is provided, and the residual heat removal device 130 for removing residual heat is provided.
- the first containment vessel 110 accommodates gas and the reactor drive system in a first space V1 therein. That is, the space in the first containment vessel 110, that is, the first space V1, corresponds to the energy discharge space ERS in the conceptual structure (see FIG. 3, item I ) of the reactor of the present invention described above. .
- the second containment vessel 120 is disposed closely to the first containment vessel 110 and has a horizontal partition wall 125 provided therein such that an inner space is formed in a lower second space V2 and an upper third space ( It is divided into V3) to accommodate the coolant in the second space (V2).
- the second space V2 below the second containment vessel 120 corresponds to the energy absorption space EAS in the conceptual structure (see FIG. 3, item I ) of the reactor of the present invention described above.
- the third space V3 above the second containment vessel 120 corresponds to the energy transfer space ETS in the conceptual structure (see FIG. 3, I. ) of the reactor of the present invention described above.
- the first containment vessel 110 and the second containment vessel 120 constituting the nuclear reactor safety system include an energy discharge space ERS, an energy absorption space EAS, and an energy transfer space ETS.
- the coolant in the reactor safety system is selectively circulated to cool the reactor drive system in accordance with the thermal hydraulic conditions changed by the pressure change in the reactor drive system and the coolant leakage.
- a plurality of passages are provided to allow the coolant in the nuclear reactor safety system to be smoothly distributed to the respective spaces, and most basically, the containment pipe passage 111 and the coolant injection pipe 112 are provided.
- the containment pipe through-hole 111 one end is disposed in the first space (V1) and the other end is in communication with the second space (V2) is made of a containment pipe valve 111v is provided.
- the containment pipe passage 111 corresponds to a passage in the conceptual structure (see Fig. 3, item I. ) of the reactor of the present invention described above.
- the coolant injection pipe 112 one end is disposed in the third space (V3) and the other end is in communication with the first space (V1) is provided with a coolant injection valve 112v.
- Movement of the coolant or steam between the first space V1-the second space V2 by the containment pipe passage 111 is performed by the coolant injection pipe 112 in the third space V3.
- the coolant or steam is moved between the first spaces V1. (Which will be described in more detail later, but the coolant movement between the second space (V2)-the third space (V3) is made by the coolant injection pipe 133.)
- the state (liquid / gas phase), pressure difference, water head difference, etc. of the coolant in the 1, 2, 3 space (V1) (V2) (V3) it is made naturally without requiring any active operation of a separate control device. That is, the coolant in the nuclear reactor safety system is selectively distributed in accordance with the heat hydraulic conditions changed by the pressure change in the reactor drive system and the coolant leakage, thereby naturally realizing the operation of cooling the reactor drive system.
- the residual heat removing apparatus 130 is provided in the third space V3 and connected to the reactor driving system to transfer heat emitted from the reactor driving system to the coolant and to transfer heat absorbed by the coolant to the outside.
- the residual heat removal device 130 includes a primary heat exchanger 131, a secondary heat exchanger 132, a coolant injection pipe 133, and a coolant flow path. It comprises a heat exchange container 134 having a (134a), a heat exchange container outer cylinder (135).
- the primary heat exchanger 131 is connected to the reactor drive system and distributes heat by circulating coolant in the reactor drive system. At this time, the primary heat exchanger 131, the conceptual structure of the reactor of the present invention described above (see Fig. 3, 4, I. ) and the main principles of the present invention (see Fig. 5, 6, II. ) Corresponds to the first heat exchanger or discharge tube in.
- the secondary heat exchanger 132 is disposed closely to the primary heat exchanger 131 and distributes residual coolant for absorbing heat to absorb heat. At this time, the secondary heat exchanger 132, the conceptual structure of the reactor of the present invention described above (see Fig. 3, 4, I. ) and the main principles of the present invention (see Fig. 5, 6, II. ) Corresponds to the second heat exchanger or absorption tube in.
- the coolant injection pipe 133 injects coolant supplied in connection with the second space V2 to the primary heat exchanger 131.
- the coolant injection pipe 133 in the above-described conceptual structure of the reactor of the present invention (see Fig. 3, 4, I. ) and the main principles of the present invention (see Fig. 5, 6, II. Corresponds to the flow path or nozzle of the.
- the heat exchange container 134 is formed in a sealed container in which a coolant is accommodated therein, and the primary heat exchanger 131 and the secondary heat exchanger 132 are accommodated in an upper portion thereof, and the second space V2 is disposed below. ) Is formed to communicate with the coolant flow path (134a) through which the coolant flows. At this time, the coolant injection pipe 133 is sealed in the conceptual structure of the reactor of the present invention (see Fig. 3, 4, I. ) and the main principles (see Fig. 6, II. ) Of the present invention . Corresponds to the container.
- the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 is provided to surround the heat exchange vessel 134 so that the lower end of the coolant flow passage 134a secures the coolant level contained in the coolant so that the coolant is received and distributed.
- the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 corresponds to a water tank in the main principles (see Fig. 6, II. ) Of the present invention described above.
- the water tank shown in Figure 6 merely serves to accommodate the coolant
- the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 has the effect of making the water level control of the coolant more smoothly due to its shape characteristics have.
- the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 is basically formed in a shape corresponding to the heat exchange vessel 134 is formed to surround the heat exchange vessel 134. More specifically, the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 is formed larger than the heat exchange vessel 134 so that the interval between the inner wall of the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 and the outer wall of the heat exchange vessel 134 is maintained at a constant interval. Is placed. In addition, the heat exchange container outer cylinder 135 is formed so that the upper portion is open and the lower portion is closed to allow the circulation of the coolant to the upper portion.
- the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 surrounds the heat exchange vessel 134, so that the coolant discharged from the heat exchange vessel 134 is an outer wall of the heat exchange vessel 134 and an inner wall of the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135.
- the space between them is filled first.
- the coolant does not escape from the space until the level of the coolant filled in the space rises to the open upper portion of the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135. That is, as the saturated steam pressure space is formed in the heat exchange vessel 134, the coolant discharged from the heat exchange vessel 134 is filled in the space between the outer wall of the heat exchange vessel 134 and the inner wall of the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135.
- an appropriate coolant level can be secured, which can be formed so that the water head difference with the coolant level in the heat exchange vessel 134 is not so large.
- the coolant discharged from the heat exchange vessel 134 is spread into the third space V3, and thus, the coolant level is not very high.
- a structure such as a vertical bulkhead may be erected to partially partition the space in the third space V3 below the heat exchange container 134.
- the heat exchange container is considered when considering the volume of the third space V3. Since the absolute amount of the coolant discharged from 134 itself is not enough, it is self-evident that the water head difference between the level of the coolant flowing into the third space V3 and the level of the coolant in the heat exchange vessel 134 will be formed significantly. Do.
- the coolant discharged from the heat exchange vessel 134 is preferentially filled in the space between the heat exchange vessel 134-the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135, and this space is Since the volume itself is not so large (relative to the case where the coolant is discharged into the third space V3), a much higher water level can be easily achieved even with a much smaller amount of coolant. That is, the coolant level in the heat exchange vessel 134 and the coolant level in the space between the heat exchange vessel 134 and the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 may be balanced with a relatively much smaller head head. Therefore, the saturated steam pressure space and the coolant discharge in the heat exchange vessel 134 can be made more stable and smooth.
- the coolant supplied by the coolant injection pipe 133 is injected into the primary heat exchanger 131 and the secondary heat exchanger 132 in a space having a saturated steam pressure so that an abnormal flow heat transfer phenomenon occurs.
- the ideal flow heat transfer principle not only realizes much faster and more effective cooling than the conventional reactor safety system, but also makes the ideal flow heat transfer phenomenon always occur in a saturated steam pressure space.
- the heat transfer efficiency can be maximized to the maximum.
- FIG. 8 illustrates step by step a method of operating a reactor of the present invention according to the embodiment of FIG.
- Fig. 8A shows the state when the reactor is operating normally. That is, since no overheating occurs in the reactor drive system, all of the heat generated in the reactor core 151 is used to evaporate the coolant in the steam generator 153 that has been supplied to the water supply pipe 155. In addition, all the steam in the steam generator 153 is discharged through the steam pipe 154, it is used to generate power by rotating an external generator. In this case, the reactor safety system does not operate and maintains an initial state.
- the initial state of the reactor safety system of the present invention includes a coolant filled in the third space V3 and the residual heat removal unit 130. The coolant is filled in the heat exchange vessel 134 without any empty space.
- the start of the reactor safety system means that the reactor drive system has been intentionally shut down or the reactor drive system has malfunctioned due to an accident. That is, whenever the operation of the reactor safety system is started, the reactor drive system is stopped; Closing the steam isolation valve 154v provided in the steam pipe 154 and the water supply isolation valve 155v provided in the water supply pipe 155;
- the containment step including the
- FIG. 8B illustrates a state in which the cooling of the reactor is performed by moving the coolant in the nuclear reactor safety system due to the pressure change in the nuclear reactor drive system as described above.
- the operation of the reactor safety system in the state as shown in FIG. 8B includes a primary heat exchanger circulation step, a saturated steam pressure space formation step, an abnormal flow heat transfer step, and residual heat removal step.
- the primary heat exchanger circulation step is performed in the following order. First, steam generated by evaporation of the coolant in the reactor driving system is introduced into the primary heat exchanger 131. Next, the steam introduced into the primary heat exchanger 131 is condensed through the primary heat exchanger 131 to generate a coolant, and the generated coolant is re-introduced into the reactor vessel 152 to circulate. Will be done.
- the primary heat exchanger 131 is shown to be connected to the steam generator 153 of the reactor drive system, that is, in this case the primary heat exchanger 131 as the steam generator ( 153) The steam will enter.
- a flow passage communicating with the reactor vessel 152 or the first space V1 may be provided in the flow passage connected to the primary heat exchanger 131.
- the steam in the steam generator 153 but also the steam in the reactor vessel 152 or the steam in the first space V1 may be distributed and cooled as the primary heat exchanger 131.
- the steam When a high temperature steam flows into the first heat exchanger 131, the steam is primarily cooled by heat exchange between the coolant around the first heat exchanger 131 and the high temperature steam. This corresponds to the cooling method in the existing residual heat removal heat exchanger as shown in FIG.
- the present invention uses the ideal flow heat transfer principle to cool the steam (ideal flow heat transfer step).
- the apparatus is made to form a saturated steam pressure space to maximize the ideal flow heat transfer efficiency (saturated steam pressure space forming step).
- the saturated steam pressure space forming step is performed in the following order.
- the saturated steam pressure space in which the bubbles are collected expands to the position where the primary heat exchanger 131 and the secondary heat exchanger 132 are disposed.
- the primary heat exchanger 131 and the secondary heat exchanger 132 are in a state where the coolant vapor is saturated, that is, the primary heat exchanger 131 and the secondary There is no non-condensable gas in the space around the heat exchanger 132.
- the abnormal flow heat transfer step is performed in the following order.
- the coolant supplied by the coolant injection pipe 133 is first sprayed onto the outer surface of the primary heat exchanger 131 to be in contact with each other. 5, II.
- the coolant injection pipe 133 corresponds to the nozzle of FIG. 5
- the primary heat exchanger 131 corresponds to the discharge tube of FIG. 5.
- the coolant in contact with the outer surface of the primary heat exchanger 131 absorbs heat from the vapor in the primary heat exchanger 131 and evaporates, and the vapor in the primary heat exchanger 131 condenses to generate a coolant. do.
- the vapor generated by evaporation from the outer surface of the primary heat exchanger 131 is in contact with the outer surface of the secondary heat exchanger 132.
- the secondary heat exchanger 132 corresponds to the absorption tube of FIG. 5. Steam contacting the outer surface of the secondary heat exchanger 132 releases heat to the coolant in the secondary heat exchanger 132 and condenses it into the coolant, and the coolant in the secondary heat exchanger 132 evaporates to generate steam. do.
- the present invention has the following advantages.
- the higher the ratio of the non-condensable gas in the space the lower the heat transfer efficiency.
- the primary heat exchanger 131 and the secondary heat exchanger 132 are saturated steam pressure. This ideal flow heat transfer efficiency is maximized because it is disposed in a space saturated with coolant vapor naturally produced by the forming step (that is, a saturated steam pressure space).
- Residual heat removal step is performed in the following order.
- the coolant in the secondary heat exchanger 132 absorbs heat and becomes steam by performing heat exchange based on the ideal flow heat transfer principle with the steam passing through the primary heat exchanger 132.
- the residual heat is finally removed by discarding the heat of this steam to the outside.
- the steam in the secondary heat exchanger 132 is discharged to the outside or introduced into a separate heat exchanger, and then an external coolant is introduced into the secondary heat exchanger 132 or an external separate Residual heat removal may be performed by reflowing and circulating coolant generated by condensation in the heat exchanger.
- the secondary secondary heat exchanger 132a provided in the third space V3 is further provided on the flow path through which the coolant discharged from the secondary heat exchanger 132 flows, which will be described in detail below. In the safety system driving process, some cooling may be performed before exiting to the outside by the coolant filled in the third space V3.
- the reactor of the present invention is shown to be formed such that the first containment vessel 110 and the second containment vessel 120 are arranged under the water surface. That is, the reactor of the present invention can be installed directly in a heat sink having a heat capacity close to infinity, such as seawater or a reservoir.
- the inlet and outlet of the secondary heat exchanger 132 may be directly opened into a space filled with seawater or reservoir water. Then, the steam in the secondary heat exchanger 132 can be conveniently discarded by being discharged in the form of bubbles through the discharge end, and the steam through the inlet end as much as the steam is discharged from the secondary heat exchanger 132.
- new heat exchange may be performed.
- the secondary heat exchanger 132 may be connected to an external separate heat exchanger.
- an external separate heat exchanger is provided in a heat sink such as seawater or a reservoir.
- the steam in the secondary heat exchanger 132 is introduced into the external heat exchanger through the discharge end, and the steam is cooled by condensing heat into the heat sink by the separate heat exchanger to condense into the coolant in the liquid phase.
- Refrigerant is re-introduced through the secondary heat exchanger 132 inlet and circulated to remove residual heat.
- an auxiliary water supply pipe 116 may be further provided in the nuclear reactor safety system to further perform a coolant auxiliary water supply step. More specifically, the auxiliary water supply pipe 116 is formed so that one end is in communication with the lower portion of the second space (V2) and the other end is in communication with the steam generator 153, the auxiliary water supply on the auxiliary water supply pipe 116 The valve 116v is provided. At this time, in the coolant auxiliary water supply step, when the pressure in the second space (V2) is higher than the pressure in the steam generator 153, the auxiliary water supply valve 116v is opened, the inside of the second space (V2) Coolant is made of a process that is supplied to the steam generator (153).
- the secondary safety valve (131v) is further provided in the nuclear reactor safety system may be further provided with a saturated steam pressure space auxiliary steam supply step.
- the auxiliary steam discharge valve 131v is provided at an upper portion of the primary heat exchanger 131 to auxiliary supply steam to a space having a saturated steam pressure in the heat exchange vessel 134.
- the saturated steam pressure space auxiliary steam supplying step when the coolant auxiliary supplied to the steam generator 153 is evaporated to generate steam by the coolant auxiliary water supplying step, the auxiliary steam discharge valve 131v is opened to open the steam.
- the steam in the steam generator 153 is supplied into the heat exchanger container 134 to form a space having a saturated steam pressure.
- the abnormal flow heat transfer between the primary heat exchanger 131 and the secondary heat exchanger 132 may be more efficiently performed.
- the reactor of the present invention the first heat exchange by the injection of the coolant supplied through the coolant injection pipe 133 is introduced into the primary heat exchanger 131, the steam due to overheating generated in the reactor drive system
- the coolant supplied through the coolant injection pipe 133 may be, of course, a coolant separately supplied from the outside.
- the reactor safety system may further comprise a steam bypass pipe 114 and the reactor vessel safety valve 157.
- the steam bypass pipe 114 one end is connected to the flow path for introducing the coolant from the steam generator 153 in the reactor drive system to the primary heat exchanger 131, the other end is the containment engine It is provided connected to the clearance 111, the steam bypass pipe 114 is provided with a steam bypass valve (114v). Without the steam bypass tube 114, all the coolant vapor in the steam generator 153 will be distributed to the primary heat exchanger 131 for use in cooling, but in case of abnormal operation of the reactor, the temperature inside the reactor becomes very sharp. Since the evaporation rate and the amount of steam generated by the coolant in the steam generator 153 also increase rapidly, the pressure in the steam generator 153 and the primary heat exchanger 131 may be too high.
- the reactor vessel safety valve 157 is provided in the reactor vessel 152, as shown, to discharge the steam in the reactor vessel 152 to the first space (V1) or the containment pipe pipe 111. It plays a role.
- the coolant pressurized injection step in which the coolant is supplied to the coolant injection pipe 133 by the change of the thermal hydraulic conditions will be described in detail.
- the coolant pressurized injection step may be performed more smoothly, but the steam bypass pipe 114 and the Even when there is no nuclear reactor safety valve 157, there is no big problem in realizing the coolant pressurizing injection step to be described below. That is, the steam bypass pipe 114 and the reactor safety valve 157 are better if provided, but there is no big problem in performing the coolant pressure injection step even if not provided.
- the coolant pressure injection step is performed in the following order.
- at least one of steam generated in the reactor drive system is selected from opening of the containment engine valve 111v, opening of the steam bypass valve 114v, or opening of the reactor vessel safety valve 157. It is introduced into the containment pipe through the operation (111). That is, even when the steam bypass pipe 114 or the reactor safety valve 157 is not provided, when the coolant leaks from the reactor vessel 152 into the first space V1, the first space V1 is leaked. ), The coolant leaked rapidly) rapidly increases the pressure in the first space (V1), so that the containment pipe valve 111v is naturally opened by the pressure, through the containment pipe pipe 111.
- the containment cylinder valve 111v is preferably in the form of a check valve that allows only the flow from the first space (V1) to the second space (V2).
- the reactor safety valve 157 is configured to discharge steam to the first space V1 or to the containment pipe passage 111 as shown in the drawing, steam is discharged to the first space ( When discharged to V1) and flows to the second space (V2) through the containment pipe passage 111 in the same principle as when the coolant leaks, the steam is discharged to the containment pipe passage 111 Also naturally flows to the second space (V2).
- the coolant in the second space V2 is introduced into the coolant injection pipe 133 by pressurization due to the steam introduced through the containment pipe tube 111.
- the coolant injection valve 133v is opened by the pressure, and the coolant is supplied to the primary heat exchanger 131 and the coolant injection pipe 133 by the pressure. Injection is made to the secondary heat exchanger 132, and the above-described abnormal flow heat transfer step is performed.
- the coolant supplied to the coolant injection pipe 133 is not necessarily a coolant housed somewhere in the reactor safety system, and the coolant supply operation may be performed according to a separate control instruction.
- the coolant supplied to the coolant injection pipe 133 is a coolant accommodated in the second space V2, and this supply operation is caused to overheat the reactor. This is caused by pressure changes in the reactor drive system.
- a separate coolant supply or active control instruction is unnecessary, and thus the convenience of operation and the sensitivity to immediate situation handling are much improved.
- the state as shown in FIG. 8 (A) is normally maintained and then changed to the state as shown in FIG. 8 (B) when the reactor is overheated. Cooling of the reactor drive system takes place through the movement of. More specifically, the coolant moves to the residual heat removal device 130 in the third space V3 in a vapor state, thereby discarding the heat of the first space V1, and the coolant in the second space V2 is the third space. By moving to V3, the heat transfer is performed smoothly.
- the coolant direct cooling step is performed in the following order.
- the coolant generated by condensation on the surface of the secondary heat exchanger 132 by the abnormal flow heat transfer step is discharged into the third space V3 through the coolant flow passage 134a to be accommodated (of course, the saturated steam pressure).
- the coolant flow passage 134a to be accommodated (of course, the saturated steam pressure).
- the coolant pushed by the volume is also discharged through the coolant flow path 134a). That is, the coolant introduced into the heat exchange vessel 134 through the coolant injection pipe 133 is used for abnormal flow heat transfer while evaporating and condensing, and finally condensed to form the third space (V3). ) Will be filled.
- the pressure of the empty space in the third space V3 is gradually increased. That is, in the early stage of reactor overheating, the pressure of the first space V1 is the highest and the pressure of the third space V3 is relatively low, but as the reactor cools to some extent as time passes, the first space ( The pressure in V1) gradually decreases, and the pressure in the third space V3 gradually increases due to an increase in the coolant level in the third space V3.
- one end may further include a vapor discharge pipe 113 is in communication with the upper portion of the first space (V1) and the other end is in communication with the upper portion of the third space.
- the steam discharge pipe 113 is provided with a steam discharge valve 113v, and when the steam discharge valve 113v is opened, pressurizes the pressure in the third space (V3) in the first space (V1). Steam is passed through the third space (V3). That is, when the pressure in the first space V1 increases, the steam discharge valve 113v is opened. Then, a part of the steam in the first space V1 flows directly into the third space V3. It lowers the pressure in the first space (V1) and at the same time increases the pressure in the third space (V3). If such a process continues, the pressure in the first space V1 and the third space V3 is balanced when a critical time point is reached.
- the third space is located at a relatively higher position than the first space V1, which is now at a relatively low position.
- the head head difference of the coolant in V3 becomes an operation generating factor. That is, in this state, the coolant injection valve 112v is opened by the water head difference between the first space V1 and the third space V3, and the coolant contained in the third space V3 is injected into the coolant. It is introduced into the inlet 112. As such, the coolant introduced into the first space V1 through the coolant injection pipe 112 directly contacts the reactor vessel 152 to perform cooling as illustrated in FIG. 8C.
- the reactor safety system discharges the coolant filled in the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 to allow the heat exchange vessel outer cylinder 135 to act as a siphon, and a heat exchange vessel outer valve 135v at the bottom.
- the coolant level control step it is preferable to make the coolant level control step further made.
- the coolant level control step may be made in the following order.
- the coolant direct cooling step the coolant is filled in the heat exchanger container outer cylinder 135 to raise the water level.
- the heat exchanger container cylinder valve 135c is opened, the heat exchanger container cylinder 135 is based on the siphon principle until the water level between the third space V3 and the heat exchanger container cylinder 135 is the same. Coolant filled in is discharged into the third space (V3). Accordingly, the coolant may be further filled in the third space V3, and thus the third space-first space head difference inducing the coolant direct cooling step may be further increased.
- the coolant direct cooling step can be made more smoothly by the coolant level control step.
- the coolant in the reactor drive system moves to the residual heat removal device 130, discards the heat by the abnormal flow heat transfer and returns to the reactor drive system to circulate indirect cooling
- the coolant is brought into direct contact with the outer surface of the reactor vessel 152 by being in a state as illustrated in FIG. 8C.
- the coolant When the coolant is in direct contact with the outer surface of the reactor vessel 152, the coolant absorbs heat from the reactor vessel 152 and evaporates. As the steam is filled in the first space V1, the first space ( V1) the pressure rises again. As described above, when the pressure is balanced in the first space V1 and the third space V3, the coolant filled in the third space V3 flows into the first space V1. When the coolant in the third space V3 flows into the first space V1, the head difference decreases and the pressure in the first space V1 increases again, thereby directly stopping the coolant direct cooling step. . In addition, the coolant filled in the second space V2 in this process is sequentially moved to the third space V3 (in the indirect cooling process) to the first space V1 (in the direct cooling process), and eventually.
- the coolant level is lowered, while the coolant level in the first space V1 is increased. Therefore, when a certain time passes, the coolant in the first space V1 is transferred through the containment pipe through 111 by the coolant head difference in the first space V1 and the second space V2. It flows into 2 space V2, and the 2nd space V2 is filled to some extent again.
- the reactor safety system may further include a containment vessel pressure reducing tube 115.
- the containment vessel pressure reducing member 115 one end is communicated with the lower portion of the first space (V1), the other end is provided so as to communicate with the coolant injection pipe 112, and also the containment vessel pressure reducing valve 115v It is provided.
- the containment vessel decompression tube 115 serves to distribute the steam in the first space V1 to the coolant injection pipe 112 so as to reduce the pressure in the first space V1.
- the operation method may further comprise a containment vessel depressurization step.
- the containment vessel depressurization step is performed in the following order. First, after the coolant direct cooling step, the coolant introduced into the first space V1 and directly contacting the reactor vessel 152 absorbs heat from the reactor vessel 152 and evaporates to generate steam. Vapor generated by absorbing heat from the reactor vessel 152 is filled in the first space (V1) to increase the pressure in the first space (V1). Then, the containment vessel pressure reducing valve 115v is opened by the pressure, and the steam in the first space V1 flows into the coolant injection pipe 112 through the containment vessel reducing tube 115, thereby providing the first space. Overpressure in V1 can be suppressed.
- the containment vessel pressure reducing tube 115 may be further provided with a containment vessel pressure reducing tube heat exchanger (115a).
- the steam in the first space V1 may be cooled in advance while passing through the containment vessel pressure reducing tube heat exchanger 115a to be introduced into the coolant injection pipe 112.
- the coolant in the coolant injection pipe 112 is flowed back into the first space (V1) as a result and in direct contact with the lower portion of the reactor vessel (152) to perform direct cooling, thus the containment vessel pressure reducing pipe ( It is more preferable to cool the steam in advance by providing the containment vessel pressure reducing tube heat exchanger (115a) on (115).
- the reactor vessel 152 may be further provided with a coolant supplement pipe 156 to replenish the coolant.
- the coolant in the reactor vessel 152 circulates various devices in the reactor safety system for cooling operation after leaking from the reactor vessel 152, that is, the reactor vessel 152 The coolant in the tank will only shrink.
- the coolant supplement pipe 156 is connected to the reactor vessel 152 and receives coolant from the outside to replenish the coolant into the reactor vessel 152. That is, when the coolant supplement tube 156 is provided, a coolant supplement step may be performed in which coolant supplied from the outside through the coolant supplement tube 156 is replenished into the reactor vessel 152.
- the reactor drive system further includes a first circulation valve 136v1 and a second circulation valve 136v2, and further supplies coolant to the steam generator 153 to smoothly circulate in the reactor. It can be done.
- the first circulation valve 136v1 and the second circulation valve 136v2 are provided on the flow path under the primary heat exchanger 131, wherein the first circulation valve 136v1 is It is disposed inside the heat exchange vessel 134, the second circulation valve 136v2 is disposed outside the heat exchange vessel 134.
- a coolant steam generator replenishment step for replenishing the supplied coolant with the steam generator 153 may be performed, and thus the circulation of the coolant in the reactor may be more smoothly performed.
- the effect of saving resources such as time, manpower, cost, etc. for design, construction, operation, control, etc. is very large, and the operation and construction economics of nuclear reactors can be further improved.
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Abstract
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Claims (24)
- 원자로노심을 수용하는 원자로용기, 증기관 및 급수관이 연결된 증기발생기를 포함하여 이루어지는 원자로 구동계통 및원자로 구동계통을 수용하는 에너지 방출공간(Energy Release Space, ERS), 상측에 형성된 통로에 의하여 상기 에너지 방출공간과 연통되며 냉각재를 수용하는 에너지 흡수공간(Energy Absorbing Space, EAS), 상기 에너지 방출공간 및 상기 에너지 흡수공간과 격리되도록 형성되되, 상기 원자로 구동계통과 연결되는 잔열제거부 및 상기 에너지 흡수공간과 연결되는 유통로가 구비되어 상기 원자로 구동계통에서 방출되는 열을 냉각재로 전달하고 냉각재에 흡수된 열을 외부로 전달하여 버리는 에너지 전달공간(Energy Transfer Space, ETS)으로 나뉘어져 이루어지는 원자로 안전계통을 포함하여 이루어져,상기 잔열제거부는, 상기 에너지 흡수공간과 연결되는 유통로에 의하여 공급되는 냉각재를 이용하는 이상유동 열전달 현상(two-phase heat transfer mechanism)에 의하여 열전달이 이루어지는 열교환부, 내부에 냉각재 및 상기 열교환부를 수용하며 하부가 개방되어 냉각재의 유통이 가능하도록 형성되는 밀폐용기부, 상기 밀폐용기부를 둘러싸도록 구비되어 냉각재가 수용 및 유통되는 외통부를 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 열교환부에 의하여 비등되어 발생된 냉각재 증기에 의하여 상기 밀폐용기부 내 상기 열교환부가 배치된 위치에 포화증기압을 가지는 공간이 형성되도록 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 열교환부는,상기 원자로 구동계통과 연결되어 상기 원자로 구동계통 내를 통해 순환하는 냉각재가 유통되는 제1열교환기, 상기 제1열교환기와 밀접 배치되어 상기 제1열교환기 내에 유통되는 냉각재로부터 열을 흡수하는 제2열교환기를 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 제1열교환기에 의하여 비등되어 발생된 냉각재 증기에 의하여 상기 밀폐용기부 내 상기 열교환부가 배치된 위치에 포화증기압을 가지는 공간이 형성되고,포화증기압을 가지는 공간 상에서 상기 에너지 흡수공간과 연결되는 유통로에 의하여 공급되는 냉각재가 상기 제1열교환기 및 상기 제2열교환기에 분사되어 이상유동 열전달 현상이 발생되도록 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 원자로노심(151)을 수용하는 원자로용기(152), 증기관(154) 및 급수관(155)이 연결된 증기발생기(153)를 포함하여 이루어지는 원자로 구동계통 및내부의 제1공간(V1)에 기체 및 상기 원자로 구동계통을 수용하는 제1격납용기(110), 상기 제1격납용기(110)와 밀접 배치되며 내부에 수평격벽(125)이 구비되어 내부 공간이 하부의 제2공간(V2) 및 상부의 제3공간(V3)으로 구분되도록 이루어져 상기 제2공간(V2)에 냉각재를 수용하는 제2격납용기(120), 일측 끝단은 상기 제1공간(V1)에 배치되고 타측 끝단은 상기 제2공간(V2)과 연통되며 격납용기관통밸브(111v)가 구비되는 격납용기관통관(111), 일측 끝단은 상기 제3공간(V3)에 배치되고 타측 끝단은 상기 제1공간(V1)과 연통되며 냉각재주입밸브(112v)가 구비되는 냉각재주입관(112), 상기 제3공간(V3)에 구비되며 상기 원자로 구동계통과 연결되어 상기 원자로 구동계통에서 방출되는 열을 냉각재로 전달하고 냉각재에 흡수된 열을 외부로 전달하는 잔열제거장치(130)를 포함하여 이루어지는 원자로 안전계통을 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 잔열제거장치(130)는, 상기 제2공간(V2)과 연결되는 유통로에 의하여 공급되는 냉각재를 이용하는 이상유동 열전달 현상(two-phase heat transfer mechanism)에 의하여 열전달이 이루어지는 열교환부, 내부에 냉각재 및 상기 열교환부를 수용하며 하부가 개방되어 냉각재의 유통이 가능하도록 형성되는 밀폐용기부, 상기 밀폐용기부를 둘러싸도록 구비되어 냉각재가 수용 및 유통되는 외통부를 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 열교환부에 의하여 비등되어 발생된 냉각재 증기에 의하여 상기 밀폐용기부 내 상기 열교환부가 배치된 위치에 포화증기압을 가지는 공간이 형성되도록 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 3항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 안전계통은,상기 잔열제거장치(130)가, 상기 원자로 구동계통과 연결되어 상기 원자로 구동계통 내의 냉각재를 유통시켜 열을 발산하는 1차열교환기(131), 상기 1차열교환기(131)와 밀접 배치되며 잔열 흡수용 냉각재를 유통시켜 열을 흡수하는 2차열교환기(132), 상기 제2공간(V2)과 연결되어 공급되는 냉각재를 상기 1차열교환기(131)로 분사하는 냉각재분사관(133), 내부에 냉각재가 수용되는 밀폐 용기 형태로 이루어져 상부에 상기 1차열교환기(131) 및 상기 2차열교환기(132)가 수용 배치되며 하부에 상기 제2공간(V2)과 연통되어 냉각재가 유통되는 냉각재유통로(134a)가 형성되는 열교환용기(134), 상기 냉각재유통로(134a) 하부 끝단이 냉각재에 담겨지는 냉각재 수위를 확보하도록 상기 열교환용기(134)를 둘러싸도록 구비되어 냉각재가 수용 및 유통되는 열교환용기외통(135)을 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 1차열교환기(131)에 의하여 비등되어 발생된 냉각재 증기에 의하여 상기 열교환용기(134) 내 상기 1차열교환기(131) 및 상기 2차열교환기(132)가 배치된 위치에 포화증기압을 가지는 공간이 형성되고,포화증기압을 가지는 공간 상에서 상기 냉각재분사관(133)에 의하여 공급되는 냉각재가 상기 1차열교환기(131) 및 상기 2차열교환기(132)에 분사되어 이상유동 열전달 현상이 발생되도록 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 안전계통은,일측 끝단은 상기 제2공간(V2) 하부와 연통되고 타측 끝단은 상기 증기발생기(153)와 연통되어,상기 제2공간(V2)의 압력이 상기 증기발생기(153) 내 압력보다 높을 때, 상기 제2공간(V2) 내 냉각재를 상기 증기발생기(153)로 공급하며, 보조급수밸브(116v)가 구비되는 보조급수관(116)을 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 5항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 안전계통은,상기 1차열교환기(131)의 상부에 구비되어,상기 열교환용기(134) 내 포화증기압을 가지는 공간에 증기를 보조 공급하도록, 상기 보조급수밸브(116v) 개방 시 동시에 개방되어 상기 열교환기용기(134) 내로 증기를 공급하는 보조증기방출밸브(131v)를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 안전계통은,일측 끝단은 상기 제1공간(V1) 상부와 연통되고 타측 끝단은 상기 제3공간(V3) 상부와 연통되어,상기 제3공간(V3) 내 압력을 가압하도록, 상기 제1공간(V1) 내 증기를 상기 제3공간(V3)으로 유통시키며, 증기방출밸브(113v)가 구비되는 증기방출관(113)을 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 안전계통은,일측 끝단이 상기 원자로 구동계통 내 상기 증기발생기(153)에서 상기 1차열교환기(131)로 냉각재를 유입시키는 유로 상에 연결되고, 타측 끝단이 상기 격납용기관통관(111)에 연결되어,상기 제2공간(V2) 내 압력을 가압하도록, 상기 증기발생기(153) 내 증기를 상기 격납용기관통관(111)을 통해 우회시켜 상기 제2공간(V2)으로 유통시키며, 증기우회밸브(114v)가 구비되는 증기우회관(114)을 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 열교환용기외통(135)은,상기 열교환용기(134)에 상응하는 형상이되, 상기 열교환용기외통(135) 내벽 및 상기 열교환용기(134) 외벽 간 간격이 일정 간격을 유지하며 이격되도록 상기 열교환용기(134)보다 크게 형성 및 배치되며,상부가 개방되고 하부가 폐쇄되어 상부로 냉각재의 유통이 가능하도록 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 9항에 있어서, 상기 열교환용기외통(135)은,상기 열교환용기외통(135)에 채워진 냉각재를 방출하여 상기 열교환용기외통(135)이 사이펀(siphon) 역할을 할 수 있도록, 하부에 열교환용기외통밸브(135v)가 구비되는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 안전계통은,일측 끝단이 상기 제1공간(V1) 하부와 연통되고, 타측 끝단이 상기 냉각재주입관(112)과 연통되어,상기 제1공간(V1) 내 압력을 감압하도록, 상기 제1공간(V1) 내 증기를 상기 냉각재주입관(112)으로 유통시키며, 격납용기감압밸브(115v)가 구비되는 격납용기감압관(115)을 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 구동계통은,상기 원자로용기(152)에 연결되어 외부로부터 냉각재를 공급받아 상기 원자로용기(152) 내로 냉각재를 보충 공급하는 냉각재보충관(156)을 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 구동계통은,상기 제3공간(V3) 내 냉각재를 상기 증기발생기(153)로 더 공급하도록, 상기 1차열교환기(131) 하부의 유로 상에 구비되되, 상기 열교환용기(134) 내부에 배치되는 제1순환밸브(136v1) 및 상기 열교환용기(134) 외부에 배치되는 제2순환밸브(136v2)를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 원자로 구동계통은,상기 원자로용기(152)에 구비되어 상기 원자로용기(152) 내 증기를 상기 제1공간(V1) 또는 상기 격납용기관통관(111)으로 배출시키는 원자로용기안전밸브(157)를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 원자로는,상기 제1격납용기(110) 및 상기 제2격납용기(120)가 수면 아래 배치되도록 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로.
- 제 4항에 따른 원자로를 동작하는 방법으로서,상기 원자로 구동계통이 정지되는 단계; 상기 증기관(154)에 구비된 증기관격리밸브(154v) 및 상기 급수관(155)에 구비된 급수관격리밸브(155v)가 폐쇄되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 격리 단계와,상기 원자로 구동계통 내 냉각재가 증발되어 생성된 증기가 상기 1차열교환기(131)로 유입되는 단계; 상기 1차열교환기(131)로 유입된 증기가 상기 1차열교환기(131)를 통과하며 응축되어 냉각재가 생성되고, 생성된 냉각재가 상기 원자로용기(152)로 재유입되어 순환되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 1차열교환기 순환단계와,상기 열교환용기(134) 내에 수용된 냉각재가 상기 1차열교환기(131)로 유입된 증기와 열교환하여 가열 및 비등되는 단계; 상기 1차열교환기(131) 주변에서 냉각재가 비등되어 생성된 증기가 상기 열교환용기(134) 상부에 모여 포화증기압을 가지는 공간을 형성하는 단계; 포화증기압 공간이 상기 1차열교환기(131) 및 상기 2차열교환기(132)가 배치된 위치까지 확장되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 포화증기압공간 형성단계와,상기 냉각재분사관(133)에 의해 공급된 냉각재가 상기 1차열교환기(131) 외면으로 분사되어 접촉되는 단계; 상기 1차열교환기(131) 외면에 접촉된 냉각재가 상기 1차열교환기(131) 내의 증기로부터 열을 흡수하여 증발하고, 상기 1차열교환기(131) 내의 증기가 응축되어 냉각재가 생성되는 단계; 상기 1차열교환기(131) 외면에서 증발되어 생성된 증기가 상기 2차열교환기(132) 외면에 접촉되는 단계; 상기 2차열교환기(132) 외면에 접촉된 증기가 상기 2차열교환기(132) 내의 냉각재로 열을 방출하여 냉각재로 응축되고, 상기 2차열교환기(132) 내의 냉각재가 증발되어 증기가 생성되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 이상유동 열전달단계와,상기 2차열교환기(132) 내 증기가 외부로 방출되거나 또는 외부의 별도 열교환기로 유입되는 단계; 상기 2차열교환기(132)로 외부 냉각재가 유입되거나 또는 외부의 별도 열교환기에서 응축되어 생성된 냉각재가 재유입되어 순환되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 잔열제거단계를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 원자로 안전계통은,일측 끝단은 상기 제2공간(V2) 하부와 연통되고 타측 끝단은 상기 증기발생기(153)와 연통되어, 상기 제2공간(V2)의 압력이 상기 증기발생기(153) 내 압력보다 높을 때, 상기 제2공간(V2) 내 냉각재를 상기 증기발생기(153)로 공급하며, 보조급수밸브(116v)가 구비되는 보조급수관(116)을 더 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 원자로의 작동 방법은,상기 제2공간(V2)의 압력이 상기 증기발생기(153) 내 압력보다 높아지는 단계; 상기 보조급수밸브(116v)가 개방되는 단계; 상기 제2공간(V2) 내 냉각재가 상기 증기발생기(153)로 공급되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 냉각재 보조급수단계를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 원자로 안전계통은,상기 1차열교환기(131)의 상부에 구비되어, 상기 열교환용기(134) 내 포화증기압을 가지는 공간에 증기를 보조 공급하도록, 상기 보조급수밸브(116v) 개방 시 동시에 개방되어 상기 열교환기용기(134) 내로 증기를 공급하는 보조증기방출밸브(131v)를 더 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 원자로의 작동 방법은,상기 냉각재 보조급수단계에 의하여 상기 증기발생기(153)로 보조 공급된 냉각재가 증발되어 증기가 생성되는 단계; 상기 보조증기방출밸브(131v)가 개방되어 상기 증기발생기(153) 내 증기가 상기 열교환기용기(134) 내로 공급되어 포화증기압을 가지는 공간을 더 형성하는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 포화증기압공간 보조증기공급단계를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 원자로 안전계통은일측 끝단이 상기 원자로 구동계통 내 상기 증기발생기(153)에서 상기 1차열교환기(131)로 냉각재를 유입시키는 유로 상에 연결되고, 타측 끝단이 상기 격납용기관통관(111)에 연결되어, 상기 제2공간(V2) 내 압력을 가압하도록, 상기 증기발생기(153) 내 증기를 상기 격납용기관통관(111)을 통해 우회시켜 상기 제2공간(V2)으로 유통시키며, 증기우회밸브(114v)가 구비되는 증기우회관(114),상기 원자로용기(152)에 구비되어 상기 원자로용기(152) 내 증기를 상기 제1공간(V1) 또는 상기 격납용기관통관(111)으로 배출시키는 원자로용기안전밸브(157)중 선택되는 적어도 하나를 더 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 원자로의 작동 방법은상기 원자로 구동계통 내에서 발생된 증기가, 상기 격납용기관통밸브(111v)의 개방, 상기 증기우회밸브(114v)의 개방 또는 상기 원자로용기안전밸브(157)의 개방 중 선택되는 적어도 하나의 동작을 통해 상기 격납용기관통관(111)으로 유입되는 단계; 상기 격납용기관통관(111)을 통해 유입된 증기로 인한 가압에 의하여 상기 제2공간(V2)의 냉각재가 상기 냉각재분사관(133)으로 유입되는 단계; 상기 냉각재분사밸브(133v)가 압력에 의해 개방되어, 냉각재가 상기 냉각재분사관(133)을 통해 상기 1차열교환기(131) 및 상기 2차열교환기(132)로 분사되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 냉각재 가압분사단계를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 원자로 안전계통은일측 끝단은 상기 제1공간(V1) 상부와 연통되고 타측 끝단은 상기 제3공간 상부와 연통되어, 상기 제3공간(V3) 내 압력을 가압하도록, 상기 제1공간(V1) 내 증기를 상기 제3공간(V3)으로 유통시키며, 증기방출밸브(113v)가 구비되는 증기방출관(113)을 더 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 원자로의 작동 방법은상기 이상유동 열전달단계에 의하여 상기 2차열교환기(132) 표면에서 응축되어 생성된 냉각재가 상기 냉각재유통로(134a)를 통하여 상기 제3공간(V3)으로 배출되어 수용되는 단계; 상기 증기방출밸브(113v)가 개방되어 상기 제1공간(V1) 내 증기 일부가 상기 제3공간(V3)으로 유입되거나 또는 상기 제3공간(V3) 내의 냉각재 수위가 상승하여, 상기 제1공간(V1) 및 상기 제3공간(V3) 내의 압력이 균형을 이루게 되는 단계; 상기 냉각재주입밸브(112v)가 상기 제1공간(V1) 및 상기 제3공간(V3) 간의 수두차에 의하여 개방되어, 상기 제3공간(V3)에 수용된 냉각재가 상기 냉각재주입관(112)으로 유입되는 단계; 상기 냉각재주입관(112)을 통해 상기 제1공간(V1)으로 유입된 냉각재가 상기 원자로용기(152)에 직접 접촉하여 냉각을 수행하는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 냉각재 직접냉각단계를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
- 제 20항에 있어서,상기 원자로 안전계통은일측 끝단이 상기 제1공간(V1) 하부와 연통되고, 타측 끝단이 상기 냉각재주입관(112)과 연통되어, 상기 제1공간(V1) 내 압력을 감압하도록, 상기 제1공간(V1) 내 증기를 상기 냉각재주입관(112)으로 유통시키며, 격납용기감압밸브(115v)가 구비되는 격납용기감압관(115)을 더 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 원자로의 작동 방법은상기 냉각재 직접냉각단계 이후에, 상기 제1공간(V1)으로 유입되어 상기 원자로용기(152)에 직접 접촉된 냉각재가 상기 원자로용기(152)로부터 열을 흡수하여 증발되어 증기가 발생되는 단계; 상기 원자로용기(152)로부터 열을 흡수하여 발생된 증기가 상기 제1공간(V1)에 채워져 상기 제1공간(V1) 내 압력이 상승하는 단계; 상기 격납용기감압밸브(115v)가 압력에 의해 개방되어, 제1공간(V1) 내 증기가 상기 격납용기감압관(115)을 통해 상기 냉각재주입관(112)으로 유입되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 격납용기 감압단계를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
- 제 20항에 있어서,상기 원자로 안전계통은상기 열교환용기외통(135)이, 상기 열교환용기(134)에 상응하는 형상이되, 상기 열교환용기외통(135) 내벽 및 상기 열교환용기(134) 외벽 간 간격이 일정 간격을 유지하며 이격되도록 상기 열교환용기(134)보다 크게 형성 및 배치되며, 상부가 개방되고 하부가 폐쇄되어 상부로 냉각재의 유통이 가능하도록 형성되되, 상기 열교환용기외통(135)에 채워진 냉각재를 방출하여 상기 열교환용기외통(135)이 사이펀(siphon) 역할을 할 수 있도록, 하부에 열교환용기외통밸브(135v)가 구비되어 이루어지며,상기 원자로의 작동 방법은,상기 냉각재 직접냉각단계에 의하여, 상기 열교환기용기외통(135)에 냉각재가 채워져 수위가 상승하는 단계; 상기 열교환기용기외통밸브(135c)가 개방되는 단계; 상기 제3공간(V3) 및 상기 열교환기용기외통(135) 간 수위가 동일해질 때까지 사이펀 원리에 의하여 상기 열교환기용기외통(135)에 채워진 냉각재가 상기 제3공간(V3)으로 배출되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 냉각재 수위조절단계를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 원자로 구동계통은상기 원자로용기(152)에 연결되어 외부로부터 냉각재를 공급받아 상기 원자로용기(152) 내로 냉각재를 보충 공급하는 냉각재보충관(156)을 더 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 원자로의 작동 방법은상기 냉각재보충관(156)을 통해 외부로부터 공급된 냉각재가 상기 원자로용기(152) 내로 보충되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 냉각재 보충단계를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 원자로 구동계통은,상기 제3공간(V3) 내 냉각재를 상기 증기발생기(153)로 더 공급하도록, 상기 1차열교환기(131) 하부의 유로 상에 구비되되, 상기 열교환용기(134) 내부에 배치되는 제1순환밸브(136v1) 및 상기 열교환용기(134) 외부에 배치되는 제2순환밸브(136v2)를 더 포함하여 이루어지며,상기 원자로의 작동 방법은상기 제1순환밸브(136v1) 및 상기 제2순환밸브(136v2)를 통해 상기 제3공간(V3)으로부터 공급된 냉각재가 상기 증기발생기(153)로 보충되는 단계; 를 포함하여 이루어지는 냉각재 증기발생기보충단계를 더 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 자가진단 사고대처 무인 원자로의 작동 방법.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN201680022514.4A CN107533870B (zh) | 2015-04-17 | 2016-04-15 | 自我诊断应对事故的无人核反应堆 |
| JP2017552881A JP6633647B2 (ja) | 2015-04-17 | 2016-04-15 | 自己診断事故対処無人原子炉及びその作動方法 |
| EP16780316.2A EP3285262B1 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2016-04-15 | Self-diagnosis and accident-handling unmanned nuclear reactor |
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| CN (1) | CN107533870B (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2016167593A1 (ko) |
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| KR102216695B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-03 | 2021-02-18 | 한국원자력연구원 | 노심 용융물 냉각 장치 |
| KR102274079B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-07-07 | 한국원자력연구원 | 원자로의 피동무한냉각 구조체 및 그 작동방법 |
| KR102363832B1 (ko) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-02-16 | 한국원자력연구원 | 원자로의 격납 용기 냉각 시스템 및 그 냉각 방법 |
| KR102352152B1 (ko) * | 2020-04-29 | 2022-01-19 | 한국원자력연구원 | 밸브 개폐 장치 및 이를 구비한 원자로의 피동무한 냉각 구조체 |
| KR102430312B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-22 | 2022-08-08 | 한국원자력연구원 | 미생물 부착 억제 장치 및 이를 포함하는 원자로의 피동냉각 구조체 |
| KR102364895B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-01 | 2022-02-18 | 한국원자력연구원 | 원자로 냉각 구조체 |
| KR102369045B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-01 | 2022-03-02 | 한국원자력연구원 | 원자로 냉각 구조체 |
| CN111863291B (zh) * | 2020-07-27 | 2025-05-09 | 中山大学 | 一种带辅助动力的自然循环系统及热汽泡驱动模块 |
| KR102381886B1 (ko) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-04-04 | 한국원자력연구원 | 원자로 장기 냉각 계통 |
| CN112216413B (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2023-11-03 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | 非能动余热导出系统、方法和具有该系统的核反应堆 |
| KR102574058B1 (ko) | 2021-03-04 | 2023-09-04 | 한국원자력연구원 | 원자로의 피동무한냉각 구조체 및 그 작동방법 |
| KR102643962B1 (ko) * | 2022-03-10 | 2024-03-05 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | 소형원자로 냉각시스템 및 냉각방법 |
| CN119049744A (zh) * | 2024-08-23 | 2024-11-29 | 杭州大热若寒科技有限责任公司 | 一种热管冷却的小型模块化反应堆安全壳冷却装置及方法 |
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|---|---|
| US20180061514A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
| EP3285262A1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
| CN107533870A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
| CN107533870B (zh) | 2019-11-08 |
| EP3285262A4 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
| US10811148B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 |
| EP3285262B1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
| JP6633647B2 (ja) | 2020-01-22 |
| JP2018513374A (ja) | 2018-05-24 |
| KR101654096B1 (ko) | 2016-09-07 |
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