WO2016173232A1 - 低损耗少模光纤 - Google Patents

低损耗少模光纤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016173232A1
WO2016173232A1 PCT/CN2015/093674 CN2015093674W WO2016173232A1 WO 2016173232 A1 WO2016173232 A1 WO 2016173232A1 CN 2015093674 W CN2015093674 W CN 2015093674W WO 2016173232 A1 WO2016173232 A1 WO 2016173232A1
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Prior art keywords
fluorine
mode
core layer
doped quartz
optical fiber
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
莫琦
喻煌
陈文�
杜城
余志强
王冬香
蔡冰峰
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Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd
Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications Co Ltd
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Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd
Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications Co Ltd
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Application filed by Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd, Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications Co Ltd filed Critical Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020177001610A priority Critical patent/KR101957612B1/ko
Priority to US15/317,102 priority patent/US9739936B2/en
Priority to JP2017506823A priority patent/JP2017526960A/ja
Priority to CA2954451A priority patent/CA2954451C/en
Priority to ES15890607T priority patent/ES2748902T3/es
Priority to EP15890607.3A priority patent/EP3141938B1/en
Publication of WO2016173232A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016173232A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
    • G02B6/03666—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - + - +
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0288—Multimode fibre, e.g. graded index core for compensating modal dispersion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of optical communication and related sensor components, in particular to a low loss and low mode fiber.
  • DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
  • LP01 basic mode
  • spectral efficiency is used to describe the extreme limitations imposed by a nonlinear effect when the fiber is subjected to a nonlinear effect at a given data rate.
  • the individual wavelengths of the communication destination can be closely spaced.
  • the use of increasingly complex algorithms can increase spectral efficiency, but with reduced bandwidth gains and modest improvements that do not meet the exponentially increasing bandwidth requirements, the spectral efficiency of DWDM in single-mode fibers will approach its theoretical limits.
  • One promising method for increasing the capacity of each fiber is modular multiplexing, in which a corresponding plurality of optical signal modes guided by the fiber are provided. Based on this technology, it has the potential to significantly increase the transmission capacity of each fiber, breaking through the limitations of nonlinearity based on DWDM systems.
  • the world's mode-less fiber technology is mainly optimized for the group delay of optical fibers.
  • the patented Chinese invention patent CN201280019895.2 discloses a graded-index small-mode fiber design for spatial multiplexing.
  • the above technical solution The refractive index distribution of the core region of the optical fiber is adjusted based on the erbium-doped core region.
  • the fiber loss is likely to be high, and in the application scenario of ultra-long-distance large-capacity optical fiber communication, usually The 1550nm attenuation coefficient of ⁇ -doped graded-index low-mode fiber is above 0.19dB, and its attenuation coefficient also changes with the change of ambient temperature conditions.
  • the excessive loss leads to the increase of bit error in communication system and the increase of relay cost.
  • the linear polarization mode that does not need to be transmitted in the optical fiber needs to be quickly lost in the short-distance transmission (such as the application of the fiber jumper), otherwise it will bring the difficulty of signal resolution, how to balance the long-distance transmission.
  • the low loss and the effective attenuation of the unwanted linear polarization modes in short-range transmissions have become difficult.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a low loss mode-less optical fiber.
  • the invention effectively reduces the transmission loss of the linear polarization mode optical signal supported by the mode-less optical fiber, and reduces the error in the communication system. And reduce the cost of the relay; effectively increase the loss of the linear mode optical signal that the mode-less fiber does not support, can quickly filter out the unwanted polarization mode optical signal, is beneficial to the stability of the fiber mode transmission; can adjust the mode-less fiber
  • the differential group delay in is beneficial to the loss of the linear polarization mode optical signal supported by the mode-less optical fiber.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a low-loss mode-less optical fiber, which includes a core layer, a fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer, a fluorine-doped quartz second core layer, and a mixture of the low-mode optical fibers from the inside to the outside.
  • the maximum refractive index difference is 0.3% to 0.9%; the relative refractive index difference of the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding relative to synthetic quartz is -0.3% to -0.5%; fluorine-doped quartz
  • the relative refractive index difference between the two core layer and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding is 0.05% to 0.2%; the relative refractive index difference between the fluorine-doped quartz depressed cladding layer and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer is -0.1% to -0.5%;
  • the relative refractive index difference of the layer with respect to the synthetic quartz is -0.3% to -0.5%.
  • the radius of the core layer is 10 ⁇ m to 17.4 ⁇ m
  • the radius of the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer is 10.5 ⁇ m to 21.4 ⁇ m
  • the radius of the fluorine-doped quartz second core layer is 11 ⁇ m to 22.4 ⁇ m.
  • the radius of the fluoroquartic depressed cladding is 20.5 ⁇ m to 40.0 ⁇ m
  • the radius of the fluorine-doped quartz outer cladding is 40.0 ⁇ m to 100.0 ⁇ m.
  • the core layer has a radius of 15.2 ⁇ m and a distribution power index of 1.98; a maximum relative refractive index difference between the core layer and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer is 0.40%; and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer
  • the radius is 19.2 ⁇ m, and the refractive index difference of the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding relative to the synthetic quartz is -0.30%; the relative refractive index difference between the fluorine-doped quartz second core layer and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding is 0.05%.
  • the distribution index of the core layer is 1.9 to 2.05.
  • the distribution index of the core layer is 1.92 to 1.94.
  • the mode-less optical fiber supports optical signals of four linear polarization modes, LP01, LP02, LP11, and LP21.
  • the optical fiber has an operating wavelength range of 1550 nm ⁇ 25 nm.
  • the transmission loss of the optical signal supported by the mode-mode polarization mode of the mode-less optical fiber is less than 0.180 dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
  • the mode-less optical fiber does not support optical signals of other linear polarization modes except LP01, LP02, LP11, and LP21, and the cutoff wavelength of the optical signal in other linear polarization modes is less than 1500 nm.
  • the optical signal has a loss per metre greater than 20 dB in other linear polarization modes than LP01, LP02, LP11, and LP21.
  • the differential group delay of the mode-less optical fiber is smaller than At 18 ps/km, the fiber dispersion is less than 25 ps/(nm*km).
  • the mode-less optical fiber of the present invention effectively reduces the transmission loss of the linear polarization mode optical signal supported by the mode-less optical fiber by gradually doping the fluorine element in the core layer without being doped with germanium element, thereby reducing the transmission loss in the communication system. Errors and reduced relay costs.
  • the mode-less optical fiber of the present invention increases the loss of the optical fiber of the linear mode by supporting the second core layer of the fluorine-doped quartz in the inner cladding of the fluorine-doped quartz, and can quickly filter out the unwanted polarization.
  • the mode optical signal is beneficial to the stability of fiber mode transmission.
  • the mode-less fiber of the present invention can adjust the differential group delay in the mode-less fiber by adjusting the refractive index distribution of the core layer and adding the fluorine-doped quartz second core layer at the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a low loss mode-less optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a refractive index of a low loss mode-less optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-core layer 2-fluorine-containing quartz inner cladding; 3-fluorine-containing quartz second core layer; 4-fluorine-containing quartz depressed cladding layer; 5-fluoride-containing quartz outer cladding layer.
  • Core layer The central portion of the fiber cross section, which is the main light guiding area of the fiber.
  • Fluorine-doped quartz cladding an annular region in the cross section of the fiber adjacent to the core layer.
  • Inner cladding a cladding region adjacent to the core of the fiber.
  • n i and n 0 are refractive indices of respective corresponding portions and adjacent outer cladding layers at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
  • Power exponential law refractive index profile a refractive index profile that satisfies the power exponential function below, where n 1 is the refractive index of the fiber axis; r is the distance from the fiber axis; a is the fiber core radius; ⁇ is the power of the distribution Index; ⁇ is the core/package relative refractive index difference.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-loss mode-less optical fiber, which includes a core layer, a fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer 2, and a fluorine-doped quartz second core layer 3 in order from the inside to the outside. a fluorine-doped quartz depressed cladding layer 4 and a fluorine-doped quartz outer cladding layer 5.
  • the DGD (Differential Group Delay) of the mode-less optical fiber is less than 18 ps/km, and the fiber dispersion is less than 25 ps/(nm*km).
  • the mode-less optical fiber supports optical signals of four linear polarization modes of LP01, LP02, LP11, and LP21 (see “Fiber Optics” _ Liu Deming, p. 29-32), and the operating wavelength range of the optical fiber is 1550 nm ⁇ 25 nm, and the The transmission loss of the optical signal supported by the linear mode of the mode-mode fiber is less than 0.180 dB/km at the wavelength of 1550 nm, which effectively reduces the transmission loss of the linear polarization mode optical signal supported by the mode-less fiber, and reduces the error in the communication system. Reduced relay costs.
  • the mode-less optical fiber does not support optical signals of other linear polarization modes except LP01, LP02, LP11, and LP21, and the cutoff wavelength of the optical signal in other linear polarization modes is less than 1500 nm, and the optical signal is in addition to LP01.
  • the loss per metre in other linear polarization modes other than LP02, LP11, and LP21 is greater than 20 dB, which effectively increases the loss of the linear mode optical signal that the mode-less fiber does not support, and can quickly filter out unwanted polarization mode optical signals. Conducive to fiber mode transmission stability.
  • the core layer 1 is not doped with germanium element, the refractive index of the core layer 1 is gradually distributed, and the distribution is a power exponential distribution, and the distribution power index ⁇ of the core layer 1 is 1.9 to 2.05. Further, the distribution power index ⁇ of the core layer 1 is 1.92 to 1.94.
  • the relative refractive index difference maximum value ⁇ 1% max of the core layer 1 and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer 2 is 0.3% to 0.9%, and the radius R1 of the core layer 1 is 10 ⁇ m to 17.4 ⁇ m.
  • the radius R1 of the core layer 1 is 15.2 ⁇ m, and the distribution power index ⁇ is 1.98; the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 1% max of the core layer 1 and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer 2 is 0.40%.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ a% of the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding 2 relative to the synthetic quartz is -0.3% to -0.5%; the radius R2 of the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding 2 is 10.5 ⁇ m to 21.4 ⁇ m; preferably, the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding 2
  • the radius R2 is 19.2 ⁇ m, and the refractive index difference ⁇ a% of the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding 2 with respect to the synthetic quartz is -0.30%.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ c% of the fluorine-doped quartz second core layer 3 and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer 2 is 0.05% to 0.2%; and the radius R3 of the fluorine-doped quartz second core layer 3 is 11 ⁇ m to 22.4 ⁇ m.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ c% of the fluorine-doped quartz second core layer 3 and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer 2 is 0.05%.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 2% of the fluorine-doped quartz depressed cladding layer 4 and the fluorine-doped quartz inner cladding layer 2 is -0.1% to -0.5%; and the radius R4 of the fluorine-doped quartz depressed cladding layer 4 is 20.5 ⁇ m to 40.0 ⁇ m.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ b% of the fluorine-doped quartz outer cladding 5 relative to the synthetic quartz is -0.3% to -0.5%.
  • the radius R5 of the fluorine-doped quartz outer cladding layer 5 is 40.0 ⁇ m to 100.0 ⁇ m.
  • the low-loss and low-mode fiber provided by the present invention has a significantly lower attenuation coefficient than the conventional small-mode fiber of the same type (the ordinary mode-mode fiber loss is about 0.2 dB/km), and the fiber pair does not support The linear polarization mode loss performance is better.

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Abstract

一种低损耗少模光纤，涉及光通信及相关传感器件技术领域，少模光纤自内而外依次包括芯层（1）、掺氟石英内包层（2）、掺氟石英第二芯层（3）、掺氟石英下陷包层（4）以及掺氟石英外包层（5）；芯层（1）中未掺杂锗元素，该芯层（1）的折射率呈渐变分布，且分布为幂指数分布；芯层（1）与掺氟石英内包层（2）的相对折射率差最大值为0.3％～0.9％；掺氟石英内包层（2）相对合成石英的相对折射率差为-0.3％～-0.5％；掺氟石英第二芯层（3）与掺氟石英内包层（2）相对折射率差为0.05％～0.2％；掺氟石英下陷包层（4）与掺氟石英内包层（2）的相对折射率差为-0.1％～-0.5％；掺氟石英外包层（5）相对合成石英的相对折射率差为-0.3％～-0.5％。降低了少模光纤所支持线偏振模式光信号的传输损耗及中继成本。

Description

低损耗少模光纤 技术领域
本发明涉及光通信及相关传感器件技术领域，具体来讲是一种低损耗少模光纤。
背景技术
光纤网络之上的数据通信继续按指数速率增长。为了满足这一需要，多路复用技术已经被发展为允许多个分散数据流共用相同的光纤，从而显著地增加每个光纤的通信量。
在光纤行业中当前的研究和发展主要集中在DWDM(Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing，密集波分复用)上，这是一种多路复用技术，其中多个数据通道被分配给某一运转带宽内的相应的波长。数据通道在单模光纤的基本模式(LP01)之上被结合用于传输，并且当它们到达各自目的地时被分别返回进入分离通道之内。
在基于DWDM的传输系统内，给定放大器带宽内的总容量被光谱效率所限制，光谱效率用于描述在给定数据速率下，当光纤受到非线性效应所带来的极端限制时，用于通信目的单个波长可以被间隔的紧密程度。利用日益复杂的算法可以增加光谱效率，但是带来带宽收益递减并且适度的改进不能满足指数增长的带宽需要，单模光纤中的DWDM的光谱效率将会接近它的理论极限。一种用于增加每个光纤容量的有前景的方法是模分复用，其中通过光纤引导的相应的多个光信号模提供。基于该技术具有能够显著地增加每个光纤传输容量的潜能，突破基于DWDM系统的非线性的限制。
目前，世界上的少模光纤技术主要针对光纤的群时延进行优化，如专利中国发明专利CN201280019895.2公开了用于空间多路复用的渐变折射率少模光纤设计，然而，上述技术方案都是基于锗掺杂芯区来调整光纤芯区折射率分布，由于锗掺杂石英散射系数较高，因此容易造成光纤损耗较高，而对于超长距离大容量光纤通信的应用场景中，通常锗掺杂渐变折射率少模光纤1550nm衰减系数都在0.19dB以上，并且其衰减系数还随环境温度条件变化而变化，过高的损耗导致通信系统中误码的增加以及中继成本的增大；另一方面，光纤中不需要传输的线偏振模式在短距离传输中(如光纤跳线的应用中)需要线偏振模式快速损耗掉，否则会带来信号分辨的难点，如何兼顾长距离传输的低损耗以及短距离传输中不需要的线偏振模式的有效衰减成为了难点。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种低损耗少模光纤，本发明有效降低了少模光纤所支持线偏振模式光信号的传输损耗，减少了通信系统中的误码并降低了中继成本；有效增加了少模光纤不支持线偏振模式光信号的损耗，能够快速的过滤掉不需要的偏振模式光信号，有利于光纤模式传输的稳定性；能够调整少模光纤中的差分群时延。
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：一种低损耗少模光纤，所述少模光纤自内而外依次包括芯层、掺氟石英内包层、掺氟石英第二芯层、掺氟石英下陷包层以及掺氟石英外包层；所述芯层中未掺杂锗元素，该芯层的折射率呈渐变分布，且分布为幂指数分布；芯层与掺氟石英内包层的相对折射率差最大值为0.3％～0.9％；掺氟石英内包层相对合成石英的相对折射率差为-0.3％～-0.5％；掺氟石英第 二芯层与掺氟石英内包层相对折射率差为0.05％～0.2％；掺氟石英下陷包层与掺氟石英内包层的相对折射率差为-0.1％～-0.5％；掺氟石英外包层相对合成石英的相对折射率差为-0.3％～-0.5％。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述芯层的半径为10μm～17.4μm，掺氟石英内包层的半径为10.5μm～21.4μm，掺氟石英第二芯层的半径为11μm～22.4μm，掺氟石英下陷包层的半径为20.5μm～40.0μm，掺氟石英外包层的半径为40.0μm～100.0μm。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述芯层的半径为15.2μm，且分布幂指数为1.98；芯层与掺氟石英内包层的相对折射率差最大值为0.40％；掺氟石英内包层的半径为19.2μm，且掺氟石英内包层相对合成石英的折射率差为-0.30％；掺氟石英第二芯层与掺氟石英内包层相对折射率差为0.05％。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述芯层的分布幂指数为1.9～2.05。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述芯层的分布幂指数为1.92～1.94。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述少模光纤支持LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21四种线偏振模式的光信号，光纤的工作波长范围为1550nm±25nm。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述少模光纤所支持线偏振模式的光信号的传输损耗在1550nm波长处小于0.180dB/km。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述少模光纤不支持除LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21外的其它线偏振模式的光信号，且光信号在其它线偏振模式中的截止波长小于1500nm。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述光信号在除LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21外的其它线偏振模式中的每米损耗大于20dB。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述少模光纤的差分群时延小于 18ps/km，光纤色散小于25ps/(nm*km)。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明的少模光纤通过在芯层不掺杂锗元素的同时梯度掺杂氟元素的方式，有效降低了少模光纤所支持线偏振模式光信号的传输损耗，减少了通信系统中的误码并降低了中继成本。
2、本发明的少模光纤通过在掺氟石英内包层处增加掺氟石英第二芯层，有效增加了少模光纤不支持线偏振模式光信号的损耗，能够快速的过滤掉不需要的偏振模式光信号，有利于光纤模式传输的稳定性。
3、本发明的少模光纤通过调整芯层的折射率分布以及在掺氟石英内包层处增加掺氟石英第二芯层，能够调整少模光纤中的差分群时延。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中低损耗少模光纤的纵截面示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中低损耗少模光纤的折射率剖面示意图。
附图标记：
1－芯层；2－掺氟石英内包层；3－掺氟石英第二芯层；4－掺氟石英下陷包层；5－掺氟石英外包层。
具体实施方式
为了方便理解本发明，首先将本发明涉及的专业术语集中定义如下：
芯层：居于光纤横截面的中心部分，是光纤的主要导光的区域。
掺氟石英包层：光纤横截面中紧邻芯层的环形区域。
内包层：紧邻光纤芯层的包层区域。
相对折射率差：
Figure PCTCN2015093674-appb-000001
ni和n0分别为各对应部分和相邻外侧包层在1550nm波长的折射率。
幂指数律折射率分布剖面：满足下面幂指数函数的折射率分布形态，其中，n1为光纤轴心的折射率；r为离开光纤轴心的距离；a为光纤芯半径；α为分布幂指数；Δ为芯/包相对折射率差。
Figure PCTCN2015093674-appb-000002
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
参见图1所示，本发明实施例提供了一种低损耗少模光纤，所述少模光纤自内而外依次包括芯层1、掺氟石英内包层2、掺氟石英第二芯层3、掺氟石英下陷包层4以及掺氟石英外包层5。所述少模光纤的DGD(Differential Group Delay，差分群时延)小于18ps/km，光纤色散小于25ps/(nm*km)。所述少模光纤支持LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21四种线偏振模式(参见《光纤光学》_刘德明第29页-32页)的光信号，光纤的工作波长范围为1550nm±25nm，且所述少模光纤所支持线偏振模式的光信号的传输损耗在1550nm波长处小于0.180dB/km，有效降低了少模光纤所支持线偏振模式光信号的传输损耗，减少了通信系统中的误码并降低了中继成本。另外，所述少模光纤不支持除LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21外的其它线偏振模式的光信号，且光信号在其它线偏振模式中的截止波长小于1500nm，且所述光信号在除LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21外的其它线偏振模式中的每米损耗大于20dB，有效增加了少模光纤不支持线偏振模式光信号的损耗，能够快速的过滤掉不需要的偏振模式光信号，有利于光纤模式传输的 稳定性。
参见图2所示，所述芯层1中未掺杂锗元素，该芯层1的折射率呈渐变分布，且分布为幂指数分布，所述芯层1的分布幂指数α为1.9～2.05，进一步的，所述芯层1的分布幂指数α为1.92～1.94。芯层1与掺氟石英内包层2的相对折射率差最大值Δ1％max为0.3％～0.9％，且芯层1的半径R1为10μm～17.4μm。优选的，所述芯层1的半径R1为15.2μm，且分布幂指数α为1.98；芯层1与掺氟石英内包层2的相对折射率差最大值Δ1％max为0.40％。
掺氟石英内包层2相对合成石英的相对折射率差Δa％为-0.3％～-0.5％；掺氟石英内包层2的半径R2为10.5μm～21.4μm；优选的，掺氟石英内包层2的半径R2为19.2μm，且掺氟石英内包层2相对合成石英的折射率差Δa％为-0.30％。
掺氟石英第二芯层3与掺氟石英内包层2相对折射率差Δc％为0.05％～0.2％；掺氟石英第二芯层3的半径R3为11μm～22.4μm。优选的，掺氟石英第二芯层3与掺氟石英内包层2相对折射率差Δc％为0.05％。
掺氟石英下陷包层4与掺氟石英内包层2的相对折射率差Δ2％为-0.1％～-0.5％；掺氟石英下陷包层4的半径R4为20.5μm～40.0μm。
掺氟石英外包层5相对合成石英的相对折射率差Δb％为-0.3％～-0.5％。掺氟石英外包层5的半径R5为40.0μm～100.0μm。
以下为几种典型的实施例以及检测数据：
Figure PCTCN2015093674-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2015093674-appb-000004
通过上表中的测试，本发明提供的低损耗少模光纤比相同类型的常规少模光纤，其衰减系数大幅降低(普通的少模光纤损耗为0.2dB/km左右)，同时光纤对不支持的线偏振模式损耗性能较好。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：所述少模光纤自内而外依次包括芯层(1)、掺氟石英内包层(2)、掺氟石英第二芯层(3)、掺氟石英下陷包层(4)以及掺氟石英外包层(5)；
    所述芯层(1)中未掺杂锗元素，该芯层(1)的折射率呈渐变分布，且分布为幂指数分布；芯层(1)与掺氟石英内包层(2)的相对折射率差最大值为0.3％～0.9％；
    掺氟石英内包层(2)相对合成石英的相对折射率差为-0.3％～-0.5％；
    掺氟石英第二芯层(3)与掺氟石英内包层(2)相对折射率差为0.05％～0.2％；
    掺氟石英下陷包层(4)与掺氟石英内包层(2)的相对折射率差为-0.1％～-0.5％；
    掺氟石英外包层(5)相对合成石英的相对折射率差为-0.3％～-0.5％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：
    所述芯层(1)的半径为10μm～17.4μm，
    掺氟石英内包层(2)的半径为10.5μm～21.4μm，
    掺氟石英第二芯层(3)的半径为11μm～22.4μm，
    掺氟石英下陷包层(4)的半径为20.5μm～40.0μm，
    掺氟石英外包层(5)的半径为40.0μm～100.0μm。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：
    所述芯层(1)的半径为15.2μm，且分布幂指数为1.98；芯层(1)与掺氟石英内包层(2)的相对折射率差最大值为0.40％；
    掺氟石英内包层(2)的半径为19.2μm，且掺氟石英内包层(2) 相对合成石英的折射率差为-0.30％；
    掺氟石英第二芯层(3)与掺氟石英内包层(2)相对折射率差为0.05％。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：所述芯层(1)的分布幂指数为1.9～2.05。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：所述芯层(1)的分布幂指数为1.92～1.94。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：所述少模光纤支持LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21四种线偏振模式的光信号，光纤的工作波长范围为1550nm±25nm。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：所述少模光纤所支持线偏振模式的光信号的传输损耗在1550nm波长处小于0.180dB/km。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：所述少模光纤不支持除LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21外的其它线偏振模式的光信号，且光信号在其它线偏振模式中的截止波长小于1500nm。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：所述光信号在除LP01、LP02、LP11、LP21外的其它线偏振模式中的每米损耗大于20dB。
  10. 如权利要求1至9任一项所述的低损耗少模光纤，其特征在于：所述少模光纤的差分群时延小于18ps/km，光纤色散小于25ps/(nm*km)。
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