WO2016179962A1 - Oled像素电路、显示装置及控制方法 - Google Patents

Oled像素电路、显示装置及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016179962A1
WO2016179962A1 PCT/CN2015/092198 CN2015092198W WO2016179962A1 WO 2016179962 A1 WO2016179962 A1 WO 2016179962A1 CN 2015092198 W CN2015092198 W CN 2015092198W WO 2016179962 A1 WO2016179962 A1 WO 2016179962A1
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Prior art keywords
driving transistor
reference signal
circuit
voltage
switching unit
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2015/092198
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
永山和由
宋松
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Priority to EP15851606.2A priority Critical patent/EP3296983B1/en
Priority to US15/031,498 priority patent/US10210805B2/en
Publication of WO2016179962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016179962A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
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Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to display technologies, and more particularly to an OLED pixel circuit, a display device, and a control method.
  • the Organic Light-Emitting Diode As for the display device, the Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) has the advantages of self-luminous, high contrast, wide color gamut, and the like, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, low power consumption, and easy realization of flexible display. It has become an important light-emitting element in emerging flat panel display devices.
  • a driving transistor is included in each sub-pixel.
  • the current flowing through the OLED is not only controlled by the data signal Vdata but also by the threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor.
  • the threshold voltage Vth is independent of the effect of eliminating the threshold voltage drift on the uniformity of the luminance organic light emitting diode display device and the brightness constancy.
  • the threshold voltage compensation circuit has a certain compensation range. When the threshold voltage drifts out of the interval, the threshold voltage compensation circuit is no longer active. From a product perspective, in products with multiple OLED pixels, the initial values and variations of the threshold voltage of the drive transistors in each pixel are not the same. Therefore, set the same threshold for each pixel The value voltage compensation circuit may be valid for some pixels and not for other pixels. In this case, it is obvious that the uniformity and brightness constancy of the organic light emitting diode display device are affected.
  • An object of an embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide an OLED pixel circuit, a display device, and a control method, and expand a compensation range of the compensation circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an OLED pixel circuit, including:
  • the drain is connected to the organic light emitting diode
  • a first switching unit connecting a data signal output terminal and a gate of the driving transistor
  • a second switching unit connecting a power signal output terminal and a source of the driving transistor
  • a compensation circuit connected to a gate of the driving transistor for maintaining a gate voltage of the driving transistor in an emission phase such that a current flowing through the OLED is independent of a threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor;
  • the pixel circuit further includes:
  • a reference signal generating module configured to generate, according to a current threshold voltage of the driving transistor, a reference signal used by the compensation circuit, and at least one effective condition between the voltage of the reference signal and the threshold voltage that causes the compensation circuit to be valid.
  • each column of OLED pixels shares a reference signal generating module, and the reference signal generating module specifically includes:
  • a determining unit configured to select a target driving circuit to be used from a driving circuit corresponding to a column of OLEDs
  • a signal generating unit configured to generate, according to a current threshold voltage of a driving transistor of the target driving circuit, a reference signal used by the compensation circuit of the target driving circuit, the voltage of the reference signal generated by the signal generating unit, and the target driving circuit
  • the current threshold voltage of the drive transistor satisfies at least one effective condition that causes the compensation circuit of the target drive circuit to be active.
  • the first pole of the light emitting diode is connected to the driving transistor, and the second pole is connected to the ground voltage connecting end, and the compensation circuit comprises:
  • a first capacitor structure having one end connected to a gate of the driving transistor and the other end connected to a drain of the driving transistor;
  • a second capacitor structure one end is connected to the drain of the driving transistor, and the other end is connected to the second pole of the organic light emitting diode;
  • the first switching unit is turned on, outputting a reference signal to the gate of the driving transistor, and the second switching unit is turned on to output a first power signal to a source of the driving transistor;
  • the first switching unit is turned on, outputting a reference signal to the gate of the driving transistor, the second switching unit is turned on, and outputting a second power signal to the source of the driving transistor; the first power signal The voltage is lower than the voltage of the second power signal;
  • the first switching unit is turned on, outputting a data signal to the gate of the driving transistor, and the second switching unit is turned off;
  • the first switching unit is turned off, the second switching unit is turned on, and a second power signal is output to a source of the driving transistor.
  • A is a voltage value of the reference signal
  • B is a threshold voltage of the driving transistor
  • C is the voltage value of the data signal
  • D is a threshold voltage of the organic light emitting diode
  • E is a voltage value of the first power signal
  • the first switching unit is: a source connected to the data line, a drain connected to the gate of the driving transistor, a gate connected to the first control signal output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the first control signal is active; Control signals are active during the reset, compensation, and write phases;
  • the second switching unit is: a source connected to the power signal output terminal, a drain connected to the source of the driving transistor, a gate connected to the second control signal output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the second control signal is active;
  • the second control signal is active during the reset, compensation, and illumination phases.
  • the above OLED pixel circuit wherein the signal generating unit is specifically configured to:
  • a reference signal used by the compensation circuit of the target driving circuit is generated and output according to a current threshold voltage of the driving transistor of the target driving circuit, and the reference signal generated by the signal generating unit.
  • the voltage and the current threshold voltage of the drive transistor of the target drive circuit satisfy at least one effective condition that causes the compensation circuit of the target drive circuit to be effective.
  • the reference signal generating module further includes:
  • the third switching unit is connected to the signal generating unit and the data line, and outputs a reference signal generated by the signal generating unit to the data line in a reset phase and a compensation phase.
  • the third switching unit is: a source connection signal generating unit, a drain connected to the data line, a gate connected to the third control signal output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the third control signal is valid; the third control signal Valid during the reset phase and compensation phase.
  • the reference signal generating module further includes:
  • a third switching unit that connects the signal generating unit and the data line, and outputs a reference signal generated by the signal generating unit to the data line in a reset phase and a compensation phase;
  • the pixel circuit further includes:
  • the fourth switching unit is connected to the data driving chip and the data line, and outputs a data signal generated by the data driving chip to the data line in a writing phase.
  • the third switching unit is: a source connection signal generating unit, a drain connected to the data line, a gate connected to the third control signal output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the third control signal is valid; the third control signal Valid during the reset phase and the compensation phase;
  • the fourth switching unit is: a source connected to the data driving chip, a drain connected to the data line, a gate connected to the fourth control signal output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the fourth control signal is valid; the fourth control signal Valid during the write phase.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further discloses a display device using the above OLED pixel circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further discloses a control party of an OLED pixel circuit.
  • the OLED pixel circuit includes:
  • a compensation circuit for maintaining a gate voltage of the driving transistor during an emission phase such that a current flowing through the organic light emitting diode is independent of a threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor
  • the control method includes:
  • the reference signal generating step generates a reference signal for use by the compensation circuit according to a current threshold voltage of the driving transistor, and at least one effective condition for causing the compensation circuit to be valid is satisfied between the voltage of the reference signal and the threshold voltage.
  • each column of OLED pixels shares a reference signal generating module, and the step of generating the reference signal specifically includes:
  • the first pole of the light emitting diode is connected to the driving transistor, and the second pole is connected to the ground voltage connecting end, and the compensation circuit comprises:
  • a first capacitor structure having one end connected to a gate of the driving transistor and the other end connected to a drain of the driving transistor;
  • a second capacitor structure one end is connected to the drain of the driving transistor, and the other end is connected to the second pole of the organic light emitting diode;
  • the control method further includes:
  • the voltage of the power signal is lower than the voltage of the second power signal;
  • the first switching unit is controlled to be turned off, the second switching unit is controlled to be turned on, and a second power signal is output to the source of the driving transistor.
  • A is a voltage value of the reference signal
  • B is a threshold voltage of the driving transistor
  • C is the voltage value of the data signal
  • D is a threshold voltage of the organic light emitting diode
  • E is a voltage value of the first power signal
  • a first capacitance structure capacitance value / (first capacitance structure capacitance value + second capacitance structure capacitance value).
  • the reference signal is generated according to the current threshold voltage of the driving transistor, and thus the reference voltage also changes with the threshold voltage. That is to say, the reference voltage can be changed following the change of the threshold voltage, so that the effective condition of the compensation circuit is valid can also be satisfied when the threshold voltage changes, and the compensation range of the compensation circuit is expanded.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLED pixel circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another OLED pixel circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a timing chart showing the signal of the pixel circuit shown in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the signal generating unit and the data line in the structure shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a connection between a signal generating unit and a data driving chip and a data line in the structure shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of still another OLED pixel circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a timing chart showing the signal of the pixel circuit shown in Fig. 6.
  • a reference signal for use by the compensation circuit and enabling the compensation circuit to be effective is generated for each individual case of the drive transistor, and the compensation circuit is expanded. Compensation range.
  • the inventors discovered through creative labor that although various compensation circuits are designed for the threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor, there is no exception. Yes, the normal operation of the above compensation circuit needs to meet one or more constraints. At least some of these constraints are associated with Vth and the reference signal Vref, which precisely limits the compensation range of the compensation circuit.
  • Vref the normal operation of the existing compensation circuit requires Vth and Vref to satisfy a specific relationship.
  • Vref is fixed, and the Vth corresponding to such a fixed Vref is limited. Therefore, the variability of Vth causes the above-mentioned restrictions to no longer be established, which in turn causes the compensation circuit to fail.
  • an OLED pixel circuit of an embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
  • the first switching unit T1 is connected to the data signal output terminal and the gate of the driving transistor Tdriver;
  • a second switching unit T2 connected to the power signal output terminal and the source of the driving transistor Tdriver;
  • a compensation circuit connected to a gate of the driving transistor for maintaining a gate voltage of the driving transistor in an emission phase such that a current flowing through the OLED is independent of a threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor;
  • the pixel circuit further includes:
  • a reference signal generating module configured to generate, according to a current threshold voltage of the driving transistor, a reference signal used by the compensation circuit, and at least one effective condition between the voltage of the reference signal and the threshold voltage that causes the compensation circuit to be valid.
  • the reference signal is generated based on the current threshold voltage of the drive transistor. Therefore, as the threshold voltage is different, the reference voltage also changes. That is to say, the reference voltage can follow the change of the threshold voltage, so that the effective condition of the compensation circuit is valid can also be satisfied when the threshold voltage changes, and the compensation range of the compensation circuit is expanded.
  • the design is designed from the perspective of signal design to solve the problem that the existing compensation circuit has a limited range of validity, which is completely different from the simple circuit design.
  • the reference signal generating module needs to consider a factor to be considered in the generation of the reference signal, and the threshold voltage can be obtained in various manners, and two possible ways are briefly described as follows.
  • a detection circuit is provided in each of the driving circuits for detecting the current threshold voltage of the driving transistor.
  • the detection frequency of the detecting circuit can be designed according to requirements, such as detecting once every startup, and then using this startup to the next startup process.
  • the detection period of the detection circuit such as 1 hour, 2 hours, ...., of course, the above is only an example, the detection period is longer or shorter
  • the detection circuit periodically detects and updates the drive transistor Threshold voltage.
  • a curve or a comparison table of the threshold voltage and the operating time of the driving transistor is obtained in advance, and then the operating time of the driving transistor is recorded at any time.
  • the current threshold voltage of the driving transistor can be obtained according to the operating time of the driving transistor, and then the reference signal is generated according to the current threshold voltage of the driving transistor.
  • the existing OLED display panel includes a plurality of OLED pixels, and the driving transistors of each pixel are different. Therefore, in the specific embodiment of the present disclosure, one reference signal generating module may be disposed for each OLED pixel.
  • the circuit in this way is relatively complicated.
  • whether the above-mentioned reference signal generating module is disposed in the display area or the non-display area may have an adverse effect. If the reference signal generating module is disposed in the display area, it is impossible to avoid reducing the aperture ratio of the OLED pixel, and the reference signal generating module is disposed in the non-display area, which may result in the frame area of the display panel. Increased, not conducive to the realization of narrow borders.
  • the display processing is performed in a row scanning manner. In this manner, in the same column of pixels, the time periods in which different pixels need to use the reference voltage are separated from each other.
  • a reference signal generating module that is, each column of OLEDs, is disposed for one column of OLED pixels.
  • the pixels share a reference signal generating module, and the reference signal generating module can generate and output a reference voltage signal for use by the driving circuit of the corresponding OLED pixel in different time periods.
  • each column of OLED pixels shares a reference signal generating module, and the reference signal generating module specifically includes:
  • a determining unit configured to select a target driving circuit to be used from a driving circuit corresponding to a column of OLEDs
  • a signal generating unit configured to generate a reference signal used by the compensation circuit of the target driving circuit according to a current threshold voltage of the driving transistor of the target driving circuit.
  • the voltage of the reference signal generated by the signal generating unit and the current threshold voltage of the driving transistor of the target driving circuit satisfy at least one effective condition that causes the compensation circuit of the target driving circuit to be valid.
  • the determining unit determines the driving circuit that currently needs the reference signal in real time, and after determining the driving circuit, the threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor in the driving circuit can be determined, and then the corresponding target is generated according to different Vth.
  • the reference signal for which the effective condition of the compensation circuit of the drive circuit is valid is established. Since the driving circuit of one column of OLED pixels does not need the characteristics of the reference signal at the same time, the signal generating unit is multiplexed, so that only one reference signal generating module is needed for one column of OLED pixels, which greatly reduces the number of circuit components. , which reduces the implementation cost.
  • the scheme of sharing one reference signal generating module for each column of OLED pixels can be implemented according to the scheme of setting a reference signal generating module for each OLED pixel. Increase the aperture ratio of OLED pixels.
  • a scheme of setting a reference signal generating module for each OLED pixel can reduce the occupied area and further reduce the occupied area.
  • the reference signals are output to the compensation circuit through independent signal transmission lines under the control of independent transistors.
  • the introduction of such a reference signal has the disadvantages of a large number of transistors and a large number of traces.
  • an OLED pixel circuit in which a reference signal and a data signal are time-divisionally transmitted through a data line, and input control is performed through the same transistor to reduce The number of TFTs and signal transmission lines.
  • the first pole of the light emitting diode is connected to the driving transistor Tdriver, and the second pole is connected to the ground voltage connecting end ELVSS, and the compensation circuit comprises:
  • a first capacitor structure C1 one end N1 is connected to the gate of the driving transistor, and the other end N2 is connected to the drain of the driving transistor;
  • the second capacitor structure C2 has one end connected to the drain of the driving transistor and the other end connected to the second pole of the organic light emitting diode.
  • the ground voltage connection terminal ELVSS is another voltage source different from the power signal output terminal, and is used for driving the OLED to emit light together with the power signal output terminal.
  • the first switching unit T1 is turned on, and outputs a reference signal to the gate of the driving transistor; the second switching unit T2 is turned on, and outputs a first power signal to the driving transistor.
  • the first switching unit T1 is turned on, and outputs a reference signal to the gate of the driving transistor;
  • the second switching unit T2 is turned on, and outputs a second power signal to the source of the driving transistor;
  • the voltage of the power signal is lower than the voltage of the second power signal;
  • the first switching unit T1 is turned on, and outputs a data signal to the gate of the driving transistor; the second switching unit T2 is turned off;
  • the first switching unit T1 is turned off, and the second switching unit T2 is turned on to output a second power signal to the source of the driving transistor.
  • the above 3T2C circuit works mainly in four stages of reset, compensation, writing and illumination, among which:
  • the compensation phase all TFTs are turned on, the power signal changes from low to high, and is gradually written to N2 through T2 and Tdriver. During this process, when the voltage at point N2 is gradually charged to the difference between the reference voltage and Vth(T1), the Tdriver tube is turned off and the compensation process ends.
  • the reference signal is input at the N1 node, and the first voltage signal of the low level is used for clearing at the N2 point.
  • the second power signal is required to be gradually written to N2 through T2 and Tdriver, and the voltage of the N2 point is boosted to the difference between the reference voltage and Vth(T1) by the second power signal.
  • the voltage value of the first power supply signal written to N2 through T2 in the reset phase will be smaller than the voltage value of the second power supply signal written to N2 through T2 in the compensation phase.
  • the signal input by the ELVDD is generally a fixed value.
  • the voltage change of the signal input to the N2 point at different stages is realized by changing the amplitude of the signal input by the ELVDD.
  • T2 is turned off, T1 and Tdriver are turned on, and the data signal Vdata is written to N1 through T1.
  • the N2 point is the floating state, the voltage thereof changes with the voltage of the N1 point, that is, the voltage of the N2 increases with the increase of the N1 voltage during this process.
  • T1 is turned off, T2 and Tdriver are turned on, and the second power supply voltage forms a loop through T2, Tdriver, OLED and ELVSS to drive the OLED to emit light.
  • the N2 point is again connected to ELVDD through T2
  • the voltage changes, and at this time, the N1 point is a floating state, and its voltage rises as the voltage of the N2 point increases, and the amount of the rise is N2.
  • the amount of change in the point voltage is proportional such that the voltage of the N1 point changes to include the threshold voltage of the driving transistor, so that the current flowing through the OLED can be made independent of the threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor.
  • the reference signal is generated by the reference signal generating module according to the effective condition combined with the current threshold voltage of the Tdrive, the voltage of the reference signal and the threshold voltage can always be satisfied to make the compensation circuit effective. condition.
  • the reference signal and the data signal are controlled by the same transistor T1 and transmitted through the same signal transmission line, that is, the data line, thereby reducing the number of signal transmission lines and transistors, simplifying the circuit, and reducing the product cost. .
  • the effective conditions for making the compensation circuit effective may include:
  • A is the voltage value of the reference signal
  • B is the threshold voltage of the driving transistor
  • C is the voltage value of the data signal
  • D is the threshold voltage of the OLED
  • E is the voltage value of the first power signal
  • a is the proportional coefficient and takes the value C1/(C1+C2).
  • the compensation range can be widened by satisfying at least one effective condition between the voltage of the reference signal and the threshold voltage such that the compensation circuit is effective.
  • One possible way is that all of the effective conditions associated with the threshold voltage are met to ensure that the effectiveness of the compensation circuit is guaranteed in the event of any threshold voltage drift.
  • the first switching unit is: the source is connected to the data line, the drain is connected to the gate of the driving transistor, and the gate is connected to the output terminal of the first control signal S1, when the first control signal is valid. a turned-on thin film transistor; the first control signal is active during reset, compensation, and write phases;
  • the second switching unit is: a source connected to the power signal output terminal, a drain connected to the source of the driving transistor, a gate connected to the second control signal S3 output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the second control signal is active;
  • the second control signal is active during the reset, compensation, and illumination phases.
  • the reference signal generating module needs to output a reference signal to the data line.
  • the operation of the reference signal generating module may have multiple working modes, which are described below.
  • the output interface and the data line are directly connected, and the reference signal generating module generates the reference signal only in the reset and compensation phases.
  • the data line transmits the superposition of the reference signal and the data signal
  • the data driving chip outputs the null signal
  • the superposition of the two is also the reference signal, and is written.
  • the reference signal generating module outputs a null signal to the data line, and the superposition of the null signal and the data signal does not change the data signal.
  • S1 is turned off, and any signal transmitted on the data line does not affect the pixel circuit.
  • mode 1 can realize time-sharing transmission of the reference signal of the data signal.
  • the signal generating unit in the first mode, generates and outputs a compensation circuit for the target driving circuit according to the current threshold voltage of the driving transistor of the target driving circuit in the reset and compensation phase corresponding to the target driving circuit.
  • the reference signal, the voltage of the reference signal generated by the signal generating unit and the current threshold voltage of the driving transistor of the target driving circuit satisfy at least one effective condition that makes the compensation circuit of the target driving circuit effective.
  • the above method is simple in structure, but requires the reference signal generating module to generate and output a reference signal in a precise time.
  • mode 2 that is, by adding one or more TFTs, at this time, when the signal generated by the TFT control reference signal generating module is output to the data line. At this time, for one pixel, the added TFT is turned on during the reset and compensation phases, and turned off at other times.
  • the reference signal generating module is as shown in FIG. 4, and further includes:
  • the third switching unit T3 connects the signal generating unit and the data line, and outputs a reference signal generated by the signal generating unit to the data line in the reset phase and the compensation phase.
  • the third switching unit is a T3: source connection signal generating unit, a drain connected to the data line, a gate connected to the third control signal output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the third control signal is valid.
  • the third control signal is active in the reset phase and the compensation phase.
  • the reference signal generating module further includes:
  • a third switching unit T3 connected to the signal generating unit and the data line, and outputting a reference signal generated by the signal generating unit to the data line in a reset phase and a compensation phase;
  • the pixel circuit further includes:
  • the fourth switching unit T4 connects the data driving chip and the data line, and outputs a data signal generated by the data driving chip to the data line in a writing phase.
  • the third switching unit is: a source connection signal generating unit, a drain connected to the data line, a gate connected to the third control signal output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the third control signal is valid;
  • the third control signal is valid in a reset phase and a compensation phase;
  • the fourth switching unit is: a source connected to the data driving chip, a drain connected to the data line, a gate connected to the fourth control signal output terminal, and a thin film transistor turned on when the fourth control signal is valid; the fourth control signal Valid during the write phase.
  • the OLED pixel circuit of the embodiment of the present disclosure has been described above by taking a specific 3T2C pixel circuit as an example.
  • the specific embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the above 3T2C pixel circuit, and can be applied to other types of pixel circuits, for example.
  • the corresponding timing of the 4T2C OLED pixel circuit shown in FIG. 6 is as shown in FIG.
  • the above 4T2C circuit works mainly in four stages of reset, compensation, writing and illumination, among which:
  • Vsus is a low voltage signal, voltage and lower than the voltage of the reference signal written to the N10 point.
  • T10 and T20 are turned on, T30 is turned off, the power signal is gradually written to N20 through T20 and Tdriver, and when the voltage of N20 is charged to the difference between the reference voltage and Vth (T10), the Tdriver tube is turned off, and the compensation process ends.
  • T20 and T30 are turned off, T10 and Tdriver are turned on, and the data signal Vdata is written to N10 through T10.
  • T10 and T30 are turned off, T20 and Tdriver are turned on, and the power signal forms a loop through T20, Tdriver, OLED and ELVSS to drive the OLED to emit light.
  • the N20 point is again connected to ELVDD through T20, the voltage will be generated.
  • the change occurs, and at this time, the N10 point is the floating state, and its voltage rises with the increase of the N20 point voltage, and the amount of increase is proportional to the amount of change of the N20 point voltage, so that the voltage change at the N10 point includes the drive.
  • the threshold voltage of the transistor can thus make the current flowing through the OLED independent of the threshold voltage Vth of the drive transistor.
  • the effective conditions related to the reference voltage may include:
  • A is the voltage value of the reference signal
  • B is the threshold voltage of the driving transistor
  • C is the voltage value of the data signal
  • D is the threshold voltage of the OLED
  • F is the voltage of Vsus
  • a is the proportional coefficient and takes the value C10/(C10+C20).
  • the transistors are all described by taking an N-type transistor as an example, but it should be understood that in the technical solution of the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, each N-type transistor can be changed into an N-type thin film transistor or CMOS tube circuit, and with the corresponding timing design.
  • CMOS tube circuit CMOS tube circuit
  • the driving transistor is replaced, the position of the OLED and the design of the power signal need to be modified accordingly, but these are all well-known means by those skilled in the art, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further discloses a display device using the above OLED pixel circuit.
  • the display device may be any product or component having a display function, such as an electronic paper, an OLED panel, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator, and the like.
  • a display function such as an electronic paper, an OLED panel, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator, and the like.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further discloses a method for controlling an OLED pixel circuit, where the OLED pixel circuit includes:
  • a compensation circuit for maintaining a gate voltage of the driving transistor during an emission phase such that a current flowing through the organic light emitting diode is independent of a threshold voltage Vth of the driving transistor
  • the control method includes:
  • the reference signal generating step generates a reference signal for use by the compensation circuit according to a current threshold voltage of the driving transistor, and at least one effective condition for causing the compensation circuit to be valid is satisfied between the voltage of the reference signal and the threshold voltage.
  • the reference signal generating step specifically includes:
  • the first pole of the light emitting diode is connected to the driving transistor, and the second pole is connected to the ground voltage connection.
  • the compensation circuit comprises: a first capacitor structure, one end connected to the gate of the driving transistor The other end is connected to the drain of the driving transistor; and the second capacitor structure is connected at one end to the drain of the driving transistor and at the other end to the second electrode of the organic light emitting diode;
  • control method further includes:
  • the voltage of the power signal is lower than the voltage of the second power signal;
  • the first switching unit is controlled to be turned off, the second switching unit is controlled to be turned on, and a second power signal is output to the source of the driving transistor.

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Abstract

一种OLED像素电路、显示装置及控制方法。OLED像素电路包括：有机发光二极管（OLED）；驱动晶体管（Tdriver）；第一开关单元（T1），连接数据信号输出端子和驱动晶体管（Tdriver）的栅极；第二开关单元（T2），连接电源信号输出端子和驱动晶体管（Tdriver）的源极；补偿电路，与驱动晶体管（Tdriver）的栅极连接，用于在发光阶段维持驱动晶体管（Tdriver）的栅极电压，使得流过有机发光二极管（OLED）的电流与驱动晶体管（Tdriver）的阈值电压无关；参考信号生成模块，用于根据驱动晶体管（Tdriver）当前的阈值电压，生成供补偿电路使用的参考信号（Vref），参考信号（Vref）的电压和阈值电压之间满足至少一个使得补偿电路生效的生效条件。

Description

OLED像素电路、显示装置及控制方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2015年5月8日在中国提交的中国专利申请号No.201510232424.5的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术，特别是一种OLED像素电路、显示装置及控制方法。
背景技术
就显示装置而言，有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)由于具有能自发光、对比度高，色域广等优点，并且还具有制备工艺简单、功耗低、易于实现柔性显示等优点，成为新兴的平板显示装置中重要的发光元件。
在OLED显示面板的像素结构中，每一个子像素中都包括一驱动晶体管。而有机发光二极管像素电路中，流过OLED的电流不仅受数据信号Vdata的控制，同时也受驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth的影响。
由于多个像素电路中薄膜晶体管(Thin Film Transistor，TFT)的阈值电压和迁移率等特性存在差异，各OLED像素电路的驱动晶体管不可能具备完全一致的性能参数。由此导致流经OLED的电流会随着驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移(Vth Shift)而有所不同，最终导致有机发光二极管显示装置的亮度均匀性与亮度恒定性受影响，影响有机发光二极管显示装置的显示效果。
因此，有必要为像素电路设置一补偿电路，与所述驱动晶体管的栅极连接，用于在发光阶段维持所述驱动晶体管的栅极电压，使得流过所述OLED的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关，以消除阈值电压漂移对亮度有机发光二极管显示装置的均匀性与亮度恒定性的影响。
然而，现有技术中，所有的阈值电压补偿电路都具有一定的补偿范围。当阈值电压漂移到区间之外时，则阈值电压补偿电路不再有效。从产品角度而言，在具有多个OLED像素的产品中，由于每一个像素中的驱动晶体管的阈值电压的初始值及变化量并不相同。因此，针对每一个像素设置相同的阈 值电压补偿电路可能对某些像素有效，而对其他像素无效。而这种情况下很明显会影响有机发光二极管显示装置的均匀性与亮度恒定性。
发明内容
本公开实施例的目的为提供一种用于OLED像素电路、显示装置及控制方法，扩大补偿电路的补偿范围。
为了实现上述目的，本公开实施例提供了一种OLED像素电路，包括：
有机发光二极管；
驱动晶体管，漏极与有机发光二极管连接；
第一开关单元，连接数据信号输出端子和所述驱动晶体管的栅极；
第二开关单元，连接电源信号输出端子和所述驱动晶体管的源极；
补偿电路，与所述驱动晶体管的栅极连接，用于在发光阶段维持所述驱动晶体管的栅极电压，使得流过所述OLED的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关；
所述像素电路还包括：
参考信号生成模块，用于根据所述驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压，生成供所述补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述参考信号的电压和阈值电压之间满足至少一个使得补偿电路生效的生效条件。
上述的OLED像素电路，其中，每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块，所述参考信号生成模块具体包括：
确定单元，用于从一列OLED对应的驱动电路中选择待使用参考信号的目标驱动电路；
信号生成单元，用于根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管的当前的阈值电压，生成供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
上述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述发光二极管的第一极与驱动晶体管连接，第二极与地电压连接端连接，所述补偿电路包括：
第一电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极；和
第二电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极，另一端连接到所述有机发光二极管的第二极；
在复位阶段，所述第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，第二开关单元导通，输出第一电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；
在补偿阶段，所述第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；第一电源信号的电压低于第二电源信号的电压；
在写入阶段，所述第一开关单元导通，输出数据信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，所述第二开关单元关断；
在发光阶段，所述第一开关单元关断，所述第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极。
上述的OLED像素电路，其中，
所述生效条件包括：
A-B+a(C-A)＜D；和/或
E＜A-B
其中：
A为所述参考信号的电压值；
B为所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压；
C为数据信号的电压值；
D为有机发光二极管的阈值电压；
E为所述第一电源信号的电压值；
a＝第一电容结构电容值/(第一电容结构电容值+第二电容结构电容值)。上述的OLED像素电路，其中，
所述第一开关单元为：源极连接数据线，漏极连接驱动晶体管的栅极，栅极连接第一控制信号输出端子，在第一控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第一控制信号在复位、补偿和写入阶段有效；
所述第二开关单元为：源极连接电源信号输出端子，漏极连接驱动晶体管的源极，栅极连接第二控制信号输出端子，在第二控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第二控制信号在复位、补偿和发光阶段有效。
上述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述信号生成单元具体用于：
在目标驱动电路对应的复位和补偿阶段，根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管的当前的阈值电压，生成并输出供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
上述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述参考信号生成模块还包括：
第三开关单元，连接信号生成单元和数据线，在复位阶段和补偿阶段输出所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号到所述数据线。
上述的OLED像素电路，其中，
所述第三开关单元为：源极连接信号生成单元，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第三控制信号输出端子，在第三控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第三控制信号在复位阶段和补偿阶段有效。
上述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述参考信号生成模块还包括：
第三开关单元，连接信号生成单元和数据线，在复位阶段和补偿阶段输出所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号到所述数据线；
所述像素电路还包括：
第四开关单元，连接数据驱动芯片和数据线，在写入阶段输出所述数据驱动芯片生成的数据信号到所述数据线。
上述的OLED像素电路，其中，
所述第三开关单元为：源极连接信号生成单元，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第三控制信号输出端子，在第三控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第三控制信号在复位阶段和补偿阶段有效；
所述第四开关单元为：源极连接数据驱动芯片，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第四控制信号输出端子，在第四控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第四控制信号在写入阶段有效。
为实现上述目的，本公开实施例还公开了一种使用上述OLED像素电路的显示装置。
为实现上述目的，本公开实施例还公开了一种OLED像素电路的控制方 法，所述OLED像素电路中包括：
有机发光二极管；
驱动晶体管；和
补偿电路，用于在发光阶段维持所述驱动晶体管的栅极电压，使得流过所述有机发光二极管的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关；
所述控制方法包括：
参考信号生成步骤，根据驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压，生成供所述补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述参考信号的电压和阈值电压之间满足至少一个使得补偿电路生效的生效条件。
上述的控制方法，其中，每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块，所述参考信号生成步骤具体包括：
从一列OLED对应的驱动电路中选择待使用参考信号的目标驱动电路；
根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管的当前的阈值电压，生成供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号，生成的所述参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
上述的控制方法，其中，所述发光二极管的第一极与驱动晶体管连接，第二极与地电压连接端连接，所述补偿电路包括：
第一电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极；和
第二电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极，另一端连接到所述有机发光二极管的第二极；
所述控制方法还包括：
在复位阶段，控制第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制第二开关单元导通，输出第一电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；
在补偿阶段，控制所述第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；第一电源信号的电压低于第二电源信号的电压；
在写入阶段，控制所述第一开关单元导通，输出数据信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制所述第二开关单元关断；
在发光阶段，控制所述第一开关单元关断，控制所述第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极。
上述的控制方法，其中，所述生效条件包括：
A-B+a(C-A)＜D；和/或
E＜A-B
其中：
A为所述参考信号的电压值；
B为所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压；
C为数据信号的电压值；
D为有机发光二极管的阈值电压；
E为所述第一电源信号的电压值；
a＝第一电容结构电容值/(第一电容结构电容值+第二电容结构电容值)。
本公开具体实施例中，参考信号是根据驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压来生成的，因此随着阈值电压的不同，参考电压也随之变化。也就是说，参考电压能够追随阈值电压的变化而变化，使得补偿电路生效的生效条件在阈值电压发生变化时也能够满足，扩大了补偿电路的补偿范围。
附图说明
图1表示本公开实施例的一种OLED像素电路的结构示意图；
图2表示本公开实施例的另一种OLED像素电路的结构示意图；
图3表示图2所示像素电路的信号时序图；
图4表示图2所示结构中信号生成单元与数据线之间的连接示意图；
图5表示图2所示结构中信号生成单元以及数据驱动芯片与数据线之间的连接示意图；
图6表示本公开实施例的再一种OLED像素电路的结构示意图；以及
图7表示图6所示像素电路的信号时序图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公 开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另作定义，此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”或者“一”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也相应地改变。
本公开实施例的OLED像素电路、显示装置及控制方法中，通过针对每一个驱动晶体管的个体情况，来生成供所述补偿电路使用、且能够使得补偿电路生效的参考信号，扩大了补偿电路的补偿范围。
之前提到，现有技术中，所有的阈值电压补偿电路都具有一定的补偿范围。当阈值电压漂移到区间之外时，则阈值电压补偿电路不再有效。从产品角度而言，在具有多个OLED像素的产品中，由于每一个像素中的驱动晶体管的阈值电压的初始值及变化量并不相同。因此，针对每一个像素设置相同的阈值电压补偿电路可能对某些像素有效，而对其他像素无效。而这种情况下很明显会影响有机发光二极管显示装置的均匀性与亮度恒定性。
现有技术中解决上述问题的思路包括两个方案：
1、设计补偿范围更宽的补偿电路；以及
2、采用更加稳定的驱动晶体管。
也就是说，在本技术领域中，为了提高补偿电路的有效性，都是从硬件电路本身出发来解决问题，这已经成为了OLED驱动电路设计技术领域中的常规认识。
发明人在实现本公开实施例的过程中，通过创造性的劳动，发现：虽然针对驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth设计了各种各样的补偿电路，但无一例外的 是，上述的补偿电路的正常工作都需要满足一个或多个的限制条件。而这些限制条件中的至少一部分是和Vth以及参考信号Vref共同相关的，恰好是这些限制条件限制了补偿电路的补偿范围。
也就是说，现有的补偿电路的正常工作需要Vth和Vref满足特定的关系。但现有的驱动电路中，Vref是固定不变的，而这种固定不变的Vref对应的Vth是有限的。因此Vth的可变性会导致上述的限制条件不再成立，进而导致补偿电路失效。
基于以上的认识，本申请另辟蹊径，从信号设计角度出发来解决现有的补偿电路有效性范围有限的问题。如图1所示，本公开实施例的OLED像素电路包括：
有机发光二极管OLED；
驱动晶体管Tdriver，漏极与OLED连接；
第一开关单元T1，连接数据信号输出端子和所述驱动晶体管Tdriver的栅极；
第二开关单元T2，连接电源信号输出端子和所述驱动晶体管Tdriver的源极；
补偿电路，与所述驱动晶体管的栅极连接，用于在发光阶段维持所述驱动晶体管的栅极电压，使得流过所述OLED的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关；
其中，所述像素电路还包括：
参考信号生成模块，用于根据所述驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压，生成供所述补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述参考信号的电压和阈值电压之间满足至少一个使得补偿电路生效的生效条件。
本公开具体实施例中，参考信号是根据驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压来生成的。因此，随着阈值电压的不同，参考电压也随之变化。也就是说参考电压能够追随阈值电压的变化，使得补偿电路生效的生效条件在阈值电压发生变化时也能够满足，扩大了补偿电路的补偿范围。
同时，本公开具体实施例中，是从信号设计的角度出发来设计方案，以解决现有的补偿电路有效性范围有限的问题，完全不同于单纯从电路设计的 角度出发而设计的方案。
本公开具体实施例中，上述的参考信号生成模块生成参考信号需要考虑的因素中包括阈值电压，而该阈值电压的获取可以通过多种方式实现，就其中两种可能的方式简要说明如下。
方式一
在每一个驱动电路中设置一检测电路，该检测电路用于检测驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压。
考虑到驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移在短时间内的变化并不大，因此该检测电路的检测频率可以根据需要设计，如每一次启动时检测一次，则本次启动到下一次启动过程中都使用本次启动时该检测电路检测到的阈值电压。又或者设定检测电路的检测周期(如1小时、2小时、.....，当然以上仅仅是举例，检测周期更长或者更短都可以)，由检测电路周期性检测并更新驱动晶体管的阈值电压。
方式二
预先获取驱动晶体管的阈值电压与工作时间的曲线或对照表，然后随时记录驱动晶体管的已工作时间。
当参考信号生成模块在需要生成参考信号时，则可以根据驱动晶体管的已工作时间得到驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压，进而根据驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压来生成参考信号。
当然，以上仅仅是两种获取驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压的方式的说明，所有可以得到驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压的方式都可以用于本公开实施例，在此不一一举例说明。
现有的OLED显示面板中包括多个OLED像素，而每一个像素的驱动晶体管都不同，因此，在本公开具体实施例中，可以针对每一个OLED像素均设置一个参考信号生成模块。
然而，很明显的是这种方式的电路相对复杂。同时，不管是上述的参考信号生成模块设置于显示区还是非显示区，都会带来不利影响。如上述的参考信号生成模块设置于显示区，则不可能避免的会降低OLED像素的开口率，而上述的参考信号生成模块设置于非显示区，则会导致显示面板的边框区域 加大，不利于窄边框的实现。
现有的显示面板中均以行扫描的方式进行显示处理，这种方式下，同一列像素中，不同的像素需要使用参考电压的时间段是相互隔开的。
因此，为了解决上述的针对每一个OLED像素设置一个参考信号生成模块所存在的成本较高以及其他的问题，本公开具体实施例中，针对一列OLED像素设置一个参考信号生成模块，即每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块，而该参考信号生成模块可以在不同的时间段内生成并输出供对应OLED像素的驱动电路使用的参考电压信号。
上述方式下，每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块，所述参考信号生成模块具体包括：
确定单元，用于从一列OLED对应的驱动电路中选择待使用参考信号的目标驱动电路；
信号生成单元，用于根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管的当前的阈值电压，生成供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号。所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
本公开具体实施例中，由确定单元实时确定当前需要参考信号的驱动电路，在确定驱动电路之后，即可确定驱动电路中的驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth，进而根据不同的Vth生成对应的使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件成立的参考信号。由于本公开实施例利用了一列OLED像素的驱动电路不会同时需要参考信号的特点，对信号生成单元进行了复用，使得一列OLED像素只需要一个参考信号生成模块，大大降低了电路元件的数量，也就降低了实现成本。
同时，由于电路规模的降低，当参考信号生成模块设置于显示区时，相对于每一个OLED像素均设置一个参考信号生成模块的方案而言，每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块的方案能够提高OLED像素的开口率。而当参考信号生成模块设置于非显示区时，相对于每一个OLED像素均设置一个参考信号生成模块的方案而言，每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块的方案能够减小占用区域，更加有利于实现窄边框的显示面板。
在现有技术中，参考信号都是在独立的晶体管的控制下，通过独立的信号传输线输出到补偿电路中。而这种参考信号的引入方式存在晶体管数量较多，走线较多的缺点。
为了降低晶体管以及走线的使用数量，在本公开的具体实施例中，提供一种OLED像素电路，其中，参考信号和数据信号通过数据线分时传输，并通过同一个晶体管进行输入控制，减少了TFT以及信号传输线的数量。
如图2所示，所述发光二极管的第一极与驱动晶体管Tdriver连接，第二极与地电压连接端ELVSS连接，所述补偿电路包括：
第一电容结构C1，一端N1连接到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端N2连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极；和
第二电容结构C2，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极，另一端连接到所述有机发光二极管的第二极。
其中，地电压连接端ELVSS是与电源信号输出端子不同的另一电压源，用于与电源信号输出端子共同驱动OLED发光。
上述的情况下，在复位阶段，所述第一开关单元T1导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极；第二开关单元T2导通，输出第一电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；
在补偿阶段，所述第一开关单元T1导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极；第二开关单元T2导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；第一电源信号的电压低于第二电源信号的电压；
在写入阶段，所述第一开关单元T1导通，输出数据信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极；所述第二开关单元T2关断；
在发光阶段，所述第一开关单元T1关断，所述第二开关单元T2导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极。
其中上述的驱动电路的时序如图3所示。
结合图2和图3对上述电路的工作过程说明如下。
上述的3T2C电路的工作主要有复位、补偿、写入和发光四个阶段，其中：
在复位阶段，所有TFT开启，将参考信号写入N1，清除上一帧的数据 信号，同时，第一电源信号通过T2写入N2。
在补偿阶段，所有TFT开启，电源信号从低电平变为高电平，并通过T2和Tdriver逐渐写入N2。在此过程中，当N2点的电压逐渐充电至参考电压和Vth(T1)的差值时，Tdriver管关闭，补偿过程结束。
也就是说，在上述的复位阶段，需要清除上一帧的数据信号对C1的影响，因此在N1节点输入参考信号，而在N2点利用低电平的第一电压信号进行清除。而在补偿阶段，需要第二电源信号通过T2和Tdriver逐渐写入N2，利用第二电源信号将N2点的电压升压至参考电压和Vth(T1)的差值。
因此，在复位阶段通过T2写入N2的第一电源信号的电压值会小于在补偿阶段通过T2写入N2的第二电源信号的电压值。现有技术中，ELVDD输入的信号一般为固定值，在本公开具体实施例中，为了减少信号传输线，通过改变ELVDD输入的信号的幅值实现了在不同阶段输入到N2点信号的电压变化。
在写入阶段，T2关闭，T1和Tdriver开启，数据信号Vdata通过T1将信号写到N1。此时，由于N2点是Floating状态，其电压会随着N1点电压的变化而变化，即在此过程中N2的电压会随N1电压的升高而升高。
在发光阶段，T1关闭，T2和Tdriver开启，第二电源电压通过T2、Tdriver、OLED与ELVSS形成回路，驱动OLED发光。
在发光阶段，由于N2点再次与ELVDD通过T2相连，因此电压会发生变化，而此时N1点是Floating状态，其电压会随N2点电压的升高而升高，其升高的量与N2点电压变化量成正比，使得N1点的电压变化后包含了驱动晶体管的阈值电压，因此可以使得流过所述OLED的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关。
上述的结构中，由于上述的参考信号是由参考信号生成模块根据生效条件结合Tdriver当前的阈值电压生成的，因此所述参考信号的电压和阈值电压之间总是能够满足使得补偿电路生效的生效条件。
同时，上述的结构中，参考信号和数据信号通过同一个晶体管T1控制，且通过同一条信号传输线，即数据线，进行传输，因此减少了信号传输线和晶体管的数量，能够简化电路，降低产品成本。
下面对上述图2所示的结构中使得补偿电路生效的生效条件具体说明如下。
其中，图2所示的3T2C像素电路中，使得补偿电路生效的生效条件可以包括：
A-B+a(C-A)＜D；和/或
E＜A-B
其中：
A为参考信号的电压值；
B为驱动晶体管的阈值电压；
C为数据信号的电压值；
D为OLED的阈值电压；
E为第一电源信号的电压值；
a为比例系数，取值为C1/(C1+C2)。
应当理解的是，对于补偿电路而言，如果其要实现任意情形下的补偿，需要满足的条件会很多，而每一个条件不满足都会造成其生效范围变窄。因此，每一个生效条件的满足都会扩宽补偿电路的补偿范围。
因此，在本公开具体实施例中，参考信号的电压和阈值电压之间满足至少一个使得补偿电路生效的生效条件，就能够扩宽其补偿范围。一种可能的方式是，所有与阈值电压相关的生效条件都满足，以保证在任何阈值电压漂移的情况下都能够保证补偿电路的有效性。
结合图2和图3所示，所述第一开关单元为：源极连接数据线，漏极连接驱动晶体管的栅极，栅极连接第一控制信号S1输出端子，在第一控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第一控制信号在复位、补偿和写入阶段有效；
所述第二开关单元为：源极连接电源信号输出端子，漏极连接驱动晶体管的源极，栅极连接第二控制信号S3输出端子，在第二控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第二控制信号在复位、补偿和发光阶段有效。
在本方面的具体实施例中，如图2所示，参考信号生成模块需要向数据线输出参考信号，此时参考信号生成模块的工作可以有多种工作方式，说明如下。
方式一，输出接口和数据线直接连接，参考信号生成模块仅在复位和补偿阶段生成参考信号。
结合图3所示，在复位和补偿阶段，数据线传输的是参考信号和数据信号的叠加，而数据驱动芯片输出的是空信号，则二者的叠加还会是参考信号，而在写入阶段，参考信号生成模块输出空信号到数据线，所述空信号和数据信号的叠加不会改变数据信号。而在发光阶段，S1关断，数据线上传输的任何信号都不会对像素电路产生影响。
因此方式一可以实现数据信号的参考信号的分时传输。
也就是说，方式一中，所述信号生成单元在目标驱动电路对应的复位和补偿阶段，根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管的当前的阈值电压，生成并输出供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
上述的方式一结构简单，但需要参考信号生成模块在精确的时间内生成并输出参考信号。
为了降低成本，可以通过方式二来控制，即通过增加一个或多个TFT，此时，由TFT控制参考信号生成模块生成的信号何时输出到数据线。此时，对于一个像素而言，该增加的TFT在复位和补偿阶段导通，其他时间关断即可。
这种方式下，所述参考信号生成模块如图4所示，还包括：
第三开关单元T3，连接信号生成单元和数据线，在复位阶段和补偿阶段输出所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号到所述数据线。
如图4所示，所述第三开关单元为T3：源极连接信号生成单元，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第三控制信号输出端子，在第三控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第三控制信号在复位阶段和补偿阶段有效。
上述的方式下，在复位阶段和补偿阶段，虽然数据驱动芯片输出的空信号，但可能还是存在一定的杂音，因此会对参考信号造成干扰。为了减少这种干扰，在另一种方式中，增加一个TFT，如图5所示，所述参考信号生成模块还包括：
第三开关单元T3，连接信号生成单元和数据线，在复位阶段和补偿阶段输出所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号到所述数据线；
所述像素电路还包括：
第四开关单元T4，连接数据驱动芯片和数据线，在写入阶段输出所述数据驱动芯片生成的数据信号到所述数据线。
如图5所示，所述第三开关单元为：源极连接信号生成单元，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第三控制信号输出端子，在第三控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第三控制信号在复位阶段和补偿阶段有效；
所述第四开关单元为：源极连接数据驱动芯片，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第四控制信号输出端子，在第四控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第四控制信号在写入阶段有效。
以上以一种具体的3T2C像素电路为例说明了本公开实施例的OLED像素电路，但本公开具体实施例并不局限于上述的3T2C像素电路，其也可以应用于其他类型的像素电路，例如图6所示的4T2C的OLED像素电路，其对应的时序如图7所示。
结合图6和图7对4T2C的OLED像素电路的工作过程说明如下。
上述的4T2C电路的工作主要有复位、补偿、写入和发光四个阶段，其中：
在复位阶段，所有TFT开启，将参考信号写入N10，清除上一帧的数据信号，同时，Vsus信号通过T30写入N20。Vsus是一个低电压信号，电压且低于写入N10点的参考信号的电压。
在补偿阶段，T10和T20开启，T30关闭，电源信号通过T20和Tdriver逐渐写入N20，将N20的电压充电至参考电压和Vth(T10)的差值时，Tdriver管关闭，补偿过程结束。
在写入阶段，T20和T30关闭，T10和Tdriver开启，数据信号Vdata通过T10将信号写到N10。
在发光阶段，T10和T30关闭，T20和Tdriver开启，电源信号通过T20、Tdriver、OLED与ELVSS形成回路，驱动OLED发光。
在发光阶段，由于N20点再次与ELVDD通过T20相连，因此电压会发 生变化，而此时N10点是Floating状态，其电压会随N20点电压的升高而升高，其升高的量与N20点电压变化量成正比，使得N10点的电压变化后包含了驱动晶体管的阈值电压，因此可以使得流过所述OLED的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关。
结合以上的描述可以发现，与参考电压相关的生效条件可以包括：
A＞F；以及
A-B+a(C-A)＜D；
其中：
A为参考信号的电压值；
B为驱动晶体管的阈值电压；
C为数据信号的电压值；
D为OLED的阈值电压；
F为Vsus的电压；
a为比例系数，取值为C10/(C10+C20)。
本公开具体实施例中，晶体管都是以N型晶体管为例进行的说明，但应该理解的是，本公开具体实施例的技术方案中，每一个N型晶体管都可以改成N型薄膜晶体管或CMOS管电路，并配合相应的时序设计即可。如将作为开关使用的P型晶体管替换为N型晶体管时，只需要将对应的高、低电平互换即可实现。而将驱动晶体管替换时，则需要相应修改OLED的位置及电源信号的设计，但这些都属于本领域技术人员所熟知的手段，在此不再重复说明。
为实现上述目的，本公开实施例还公开了一种使用上述OLED像素电路的显示装置。
所述显示装置可以为：电子纸、OLED面板、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
本公开实施例还公开了一种OLED像素电路的控制方法，所述OLED像素电路中包括：
有机发光二极管；
驱动晶体管；和
补偿电路，用于在发光阶段维持所述驱动晶体管的栅极电压，使得流过所述有机发光二极管的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关；
所述控制方法包括：
参考信号生成步骤，根据驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压，生成供所述补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述参考信号的电压和阈值电压之间满足至少一个使得补偿电路生效的生效条件。
当每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块，所述参考信号生成步骤具体包括：
从一列OLED对应的驱动电路中选择待使用参考信号的目标驱动电路；
根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管的当前的阈值电压，生成供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号，生成的所述参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
在一个实施例中，所述发光二极管的第一极与驱动晶体管连接，第二极与地电压连接端连接，所述补偿电路包括：第一电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极；和第二电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极，另一端连接到所述有机发光二极管的第二极；
此时，所述控制方法还包括：
在复位阶段，控制第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制第二开关单元导通，输出第一电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；
在补偿阶段，控制所述第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；第一电源信号的电压低于第二电源信号的电压；
在写入阶段，控制所述第一开关单元导通，输出数据信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制所述第二开关单元关断；
在发光阶段，控制所述第一开关单元关断，控制所述第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极。
以上所述为本公开较佳实施例，需要指出的是，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本公开保护范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种OLED像素电路，包括：
    有机发光二极管；
    驱动晶体管，漏极与所述有机发光二极管连接；
    第一开关单元，连接数据信号输出端子和所述驱动晶体管的栅极；
    第二开关单元，连接电源信号输出端子和所述驱动晶体管的源极；
    补偿电路，与所述驱动晶体管的栅极连接，用于在发光阶段维持所述驱动晶体管的栅极电压，使得流过所述有机发光二极管的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关；
    其中，所述像素电路还包括：
    参考信号生成模块，用于根据所述驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压，生成供所述补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述参考信号的电压和阈值电压之间满足至少一个使得补偿电路生效的生效条件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的OLED像素电路，其中，每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块，所述参考信号生成模块具体包括：
    确定单元，用于从一列OLED对应的驱动电路中选择待使用参考信号的目标驱动电路；
    信号生成单元，用于根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管的当前的阈值电压，生成供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述发光二极管的第一极与驱动晶体管连接，第二极与地电压连接端连接，所述补偿电路包括：
    第一电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极；和
    第二电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极，另一端连接到所述有机发光二极管的第二极。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的OLED像素电路，其中，
    在复位阶段，所述第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，第二开关单元导通，输出第一电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；
    在补偿阶段，所述第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；第一电源信号的电压低于第二电源信号的电压；
    在写入阶段，所述第一开关单元导通，输出数据信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，所述第二开关单元关断；
    在发光阶段，所述第一开关单元关断，所述第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述生效条件包括：
    A-B+a(C-A)＜D；和/或
    E＜A-B
    其中：
    A为所述参考信号的电压值；
    B为所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压；
    C为数据信号的电压值；
    D为有机发光二极管的阈值电压；
    E为所述第一电源信号的电压值；
    a＝第一电容结构电容值/(第一电容结构电容值+第二电容结构电容值)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的OLED像素电路，其中：
    所述第一开关单元为：源极连接数据线，漏极连接驱动晶体管的栅极，栅极连接第一控制信号输出端子，在第一控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第一控制信号在复位、补偿和写入阶段有效；
    所述第二开关单元为：源极连接电源信号输出端子，漏极连接驱动晶体管的源极，栅极连接第二控制信号输出端子，在第二控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第二控制信号在复位、补偿和发光阶段有效。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述信号生成单元具体用于：
    在目标驱动电路对应的复位和补偿阶段，根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体 管的当前的阈值电压，生成并输出供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述参考信号生成模块还包括：
    第三开关单元，连接信号生成单元和数据线，在复位阶段和补偿阶段输出所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号到所述数据线。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的OLED像素电路，其中，
    所述第三开关单元为：源极连接信号生成单元，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第三控制信号输出端子，在第三控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第三控制信号在复位阶段和补偿阶段有效。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的OLED像素电路，其中，所述参考信号生成模块还包括：
    第三开关单元，连接信号生成单元和数据线，在复位阶段和补偿阶段输出所述信号生成单元生成的参考信号到所述数据线；
    所述像素电路还包括：
    第四开关单元，连接数据驱动芯片和数据线，在写入阶段输出所述数据驱动芯片生成的数据信号到所述数据线。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的OLED像素电路，其中，
    所述第三开关单元为：源极连接信号生成单元，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第三控制信号输出端子，在第三控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第三控制信号在复位阶段和补偿阶段有效；
    所述第四开关单元为：源极连接数据驱动芯片，漏极连接数据线，栅极连接第四控制信号输出端子，在第四控制信号有效时导通的薄膜晶体管；所述第四控制信号在写入阶段有效。
  12. 一种显示装置，包括如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的OLED像素电路。
  13. 一种OLED像素电路的控制方法，所述OLED像素电路中包括：
    有机发光二极管；
    驱动晶体管；和
    补偿电路，用于在发光阶段维持所述驱动晶体管的栅极电压，使得流过所述有机发光二极管的电流与所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth无关；
    其中，所述控制方法包括：
    参考信号生成步骤，根据所述驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压，生成供所述补偿电路使用的参考信号，所述参考信号的电压和阈值电压之间满足至少一个使得补偿电路生效的生效条件。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其中，每一列OLED像素共用一个参考信号生成模块，所述参考信号生成步骤具体包括：
    从一列OLED对应的驱动电路中选择待使用参考信号的目标驱动电路；
    根据目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管的当前的阈值电压，生成供所述目标驱动电路的补偿电路使用的参考信号，生成的所述参考信号的电压和目标驱动电路的驱动晶体管当前的阈值电压满足至少一个使得目标驱动电路的补偿电路生效的生效条件。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其中，所述发光二极管的第一极与驱动晶体管连接，第二极与地电压连接端连接，所述补偿电路包括：
    第一电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极；和
    第二电容结构，一端连接到所述驱动晶体管的漏极，另一端连接到所述有机发光二极管的第二极；
    所述控制方法还包括：
    在复位阶段，控制第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制第二开关单元导通，输出第一电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；
    在补偿阶段，控制所述第一开关单元导通，输出参考信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极；第一电源信号的电压低于第二电源信号的电压；
    在写入阶段，控制所述第一开关单元导通，输出数据信号到所述驱动晶体管的栅极，控制所述第二开关单元关断；
    在发光阶段，控制所述第一开关单元关断，控制所述第二开关单元导通，输出第二电源信号到所述驱动晶体管的源极。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法，其中，所述生效条件包括：
    A-B+a(C-A)＜D；和/或
    E＜A-B
    其中：
    A为所述参考信号的电压值；
    B为所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压；
    C为数据信号的电压值；
    D为有机发光二极管的阈值电压；
    E为所述第一电源信号的电压值；
    a＝第一电容结构电容值/(第一电容结构电容值+第二电容结构电容值)。
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