WO2016183830A1 - 一种无源光网络成帧的方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种无源光网络成帧的方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016183830A1
WO2016183830A1 PCT/CN2015/079415 CN2015079415W WO2016183830A1 WO 2016183830 A1 WO2016183830 A1 WO 2016183830A1 CN 2015079415 W CN2015079415 W CN 2015079415W WO 2016183830 A1 WO2016183830 A1 WO 2016183830A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
module
encoding
downlink
gbps
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2015/079415
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶飞
赵殿博
彭桂开
林华枫
程宁
张晓风
唐大江
王振平
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to MX2017014837A priority Critical patent/MX378822B/es
Priority to PCT/CN2015/079415 priority patent/WO2016183830A1/zh
Priority to KR1020207021610A priority patent/KR102171132B1/ko
Priority to KR1020177036224A priority patent/KR20180008696A/ko
Priority to AU2015395021A priority patent/AU2015395021B2/en
Priority to EP19185622.8A priority patent/EP3654554B1/en
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP15892209.6A priority patent/EP3288201B1/en
Priority to CN201910295177.1A priority patent/CN110086541B/zh
Priority to CN201580014392.XA priority patent/CN106576010B/zh
Publication of WO2016183830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016183830A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US15/818,108 priority patent/US10667025B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/27—Arrangements for networking
    • H04B10/272—Star-type networks or tree-type networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0003—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057—Block codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0066—Provisions for optical burst or packet networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
    • H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
    • H04J2203/0089—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling, SONET
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0037—Operation
    • H04Q2011/0049—Crosstalk reduction; Noise; Power budget
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0088—Signalling aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13168—Error Correction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13216—Code signals, frame structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for framing a passive optical network, and a method, apparatus and system for deframing a passive optical network.
  • the PON is composed of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) 110 on the central office, an Optical Network Unit (ONU) on the user side, or an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) 120 and optical
  • the optical distribution network (ODN) 130 is composed of an allocation network.
  • the passive optical network generally adopts a tree topology.
  • the typical PON architecture is shown in Figure 1. The following is an example of the architecture.
  • the OLT 110 provides a network side interface to the PON system, connecting one or more ODNs 130.
  • the ONU 120 provides a user side interface to the PON system and is connected to the ODN 130. If the ONU 120 directly provides a user port function, such as an Ethernet user port for PC Internet access, it is called ONT 120. Unless otherwise stated, the ONU 120 mentioned below refers to the ONU and the ONT.
  • the ODN 130 is a network of optical fibers and passive optical splitting devices for connecting OLT 110 devices and ONU 120 devices for distributing or multiplexing data signals between the OLT 110 and the ONUs 120.
  • the OLT 110 to the ONU 120 is referred to as a downlink; conversely, the ONU 120 to the OLT 110 is an uplink.
  • the downlink transmission rate is based on the existing ITU G.984 series of standards, which is generally 2.488 Gbits per second (G-bits per-second, referred to as Gpbs). There is only one downlink transmission in the whole system operation. rate.
  • optical power budget a total optical power loss budget is required, which is called an optical power budget.
  • the loss allowed by the optical power budget is defined as the optical loss S/R and R/S between the reference points (S represents the optical transmission reference point and R represents the optical reception reference point), expressed in dB.
  • This loss includes the losses introduced by the fiber and passive optical components.
  • Existing ODN networks may have an increase in optical link loss resulting in insufficient optical power budget. Therefore, how to improve the optical power budget of the PON system is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for framing in a PON system and a method and apparatus for deframing, which can improve the optical power budget of the PON system.
  • a method for framing a passive optical network includes: generating a first transmission aggregate TC frame and a second TC frame, where a downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 gigabits per second Gbps or 10 Gbps, the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than 1; Performing bit mapping on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit mapping refers to identifying each bit of the second TC frame by using N bits; and the first TC frame and The third TC frame is sent to the optical network unit ONU.
  • the method further includes performing first coding on a second TC frame, where the first code is a code RS (255, 239), or an RS (248, 216), or low density parity check code LDPC encoding, or one of cascaded FEC encoding.
  • the first code is a code RS (255, 239), or an RS (248, 216), or low density parity check code LDPC encoding, or one of cascaded FEC encoding.
  • the method further includes scrambling the second TC frame.
  • the method further includes inserting a pseudo GEM frame header into the third TC frame.
  • the implementation manner can make the original ONU (the original ONU refers to an ONU with a receiving rate of 2.488 Gbps in the GPON system, or an ONU with a receiving rate of 10 Gbps in the XGPON) does not generate GEM frame loss when receiving the third TC frame. Alarm.
  • the inserting a pseudo-passive optical network encapsulation method GEM frame header into the third TC frame includes: Inserting a placeholder for the third TC frame; scrambling the third TC frame after the insertion of the placeholder; filling the placeholder with the pseudo GEM frame header.
  • the method further includes: a first TC frame and the third TC after the insertion of the pseudo GEM frame header
  • the frame performs a second encoding, which is a code RS (255, 239), or an RS (248, 216), or a low density parity check code LDPC.
  • a code, or a type of cascaded FEC code may enable the original ONU to not generate an FEC alarm when receiving the third TC frame.
  • the third scrambling code is performed on the first encoded first TC frame and the third TC frame.
  • the physical control block PCB field of the first TC frame is used to indicate the second TC The field of the frame frame length.
  • the frame length of the first TC frame is an integer multiple of 239 bytes.
  • the FEC encoding process of the first TC frame can be simplified, so that the ONU with the receiving rate of 2.488 Gbps is processed and processed during FEC decoding. There are technical solutions to be consistent.
  • the frame length of the first TC frame is 248 bytes Integer multiple.
  • the FEC encoding process of the first TC frame can be simplified, so that the ONU receiving the receiving rate of 10 Gbps is processing the FEC decoding. It is consistent with the prior art solutions.
  • a second aspect provides a method for deframing a passive optical network, where the method includes: receiving a downlink data stream, where the downlink data stream includes a first transmission convergence TC frame and a second TC frame, where The downlink rate of the TC frame is 2.488 gigabits per second Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, and the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125. Microseconds, N is an integer greater than one; synchronized with the first TC frame; parsing the first GTC frame.
  • the method further includes: descrambling the first TC frame.
  • the method further includes discarding the second TC frame.
  • the method further includes: decoding the first TC frame.
  • the discarding the second TC frame specifically includes: identifying a port according to a port of the pseudo GEM frame The -ID field discards the second GTC frame.
  • the second GTC frame is discarded according to the port identifier Port-ID field of the pseudo GEM frame, specifically The method includes: when it is confirmed that the port ID is different from the port identifier recorded by the ONU of the optical network unit, discarding the pseudo GEM frame carrying the PortID and the second TC frame after the pseudo GEM frame.
  • a third aspect provides a method for de-framing a passive optical network, where the method includes receiving a downlink data stream, where the downlink data stream includes a first transmission convergence TC frame and a second TC frame, where the first TC frame is The downlink rate is 2.488 Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, and the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is greater than 1.
  • An integer of the second TC frame performing bit map restoration on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit map mapping is to restore each N bits in the second TC frame to 1 Bits; parse the third TC frame.
  • the method further includes descrambling the second TC frame.
  • the method further includes decoding the second TC frame.
  • the acquiring the second TC frame includes: performing downlink physical control according to the second TC frame The frame length information of the second TC frame indicated by the Alen field in the block PCBd field, the pseudo GEM frame is removed from the received second TC frame, and the second TC frame is obtained.
  • an apparatus for framing comprising: a generating module, configured to respectively generate a first gigabit passive optical network transmission convergence TC frame and a second TC frame, where The downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 gigabits per second Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, and the first TC frame and the second TC frame are long.
  • the sum is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the mapping module is configured to perform bit mapping on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit mapping refers to the second TC frame. Each bit is identified by N bits; a transmitting module is configured to send the first TC frame and the third TC frame to the optical network unit ONU.
  • the apparatus further includes an encoding module, configured to encode a second TC frame, where the first code is a code RS (255, 239) , or RS (248, 216), or low density parity check code LDPC encoding, or a type of cascaded FEC encoding.
  • the first code is a code RS (255, 239) , or RS (248, 216), or low density parity check code LDPC encoding, or a type of cascaded FEC encoding.
  • the device further includes a scrambling code module, where the scrambling code module is configured to The second TC frame is scrambled.
  • the device further includes: a processing module, configured to insert a pseudo GEM into the third TC frame Frame header.
  • the processing module is specifically configured to insert a placeholder for the third TC frame;
  • the third TC frame is scrambled;
  • the placeholder is filled with a pseudo GEM frame header.
  • the coding module is further configured to: after the first TC frame and the third after the insertion of the pseudo GEM frame
  • the TC frame performs a second encoding, which is a code RS (255, 239), or RS (248, 216), or a low density parity check LDPC code, or a cascading FEC code.
  • the scrambling code module is further configured to use the second encoded first TC frame and the third TC The frame is scrambled.
  • the physical control block PCB of the second TC frame includes a field for indicating the frame length of the second TC frame.
  • the frame length of the first TC frame is an integer multiple of 239 bytes.
  • the frame length of the first TC frame is 239. An integer multiple of the byte.
  • a fifth aspect provides an apparatus for deframing, the apparatus comprising: a receiving module, configured to receive a downlink data stream, where the downlink data stream includes a first transmission aggregate TC frame and a second TC frame, where The downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 gigabits per second Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, and the first TC frame and the second TC frame frame are long. The sum is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the synchronization module is configured to synchronize with the first TC frame
  • the parsing module is configured to parse the first TC frame.
  • the apparatus further includes a descrambling module, configured to descramble the first TC frame.
  • the apparatus further includes: a decoding module, configured to decode the first TC frame.
  • the apparatus further includes a discarding module, configured to discard the second TC frame.
  • the discarding module is specifically configured to: according to a port identification port ID field of a GEM frame of a pseudo passive optical network encapsulation method, The second TC performs discarding.
  • the discarding module is specifically configured to discard the second TC according to a port identifier Port-ID field of the pseudo GEM frame Specifically, when the port ID is not the same as the port ID recorded by the ONU of the optical network unit, the pseudo GEM frame carrying the port-ID and the second TC frame after the pseudo GEM frame are discarded.
  • a sixth aspect provides an apparatus for deframing, including: the method includes: a receiving module, configured to receive a downlink data stream, where the downlink data stream includes a first transmission aggregate TC frame and a second TC frame, where a downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 gigabits per second Gbps or 10 Gbps, The downlink rate of the two TC frames is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, and the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the acquiring module is configured to obtain a second TC frame; a restoration module, configured to perform bit map restoration on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit map restoration refers to restoring each N bits in the second TC frame to 1 bit; a parsing module, configured to perform parsing processing on the third TC frame.
  • the apparatus further includes a descrambling module, configured to perform descrambling on the second TC frame.
  • the device further includes a decoding module, configured to decode the second TC frame .
  • the acquiring module is specifically configured to: according to the Alen field in the PCBd of the second TC frame The frame length information of the identified second TC frame is discarded, and the pseudo GEM frame is discarded to obtain the second TC frame.
  • the parsing module is configured to perform bit mapping restoration on the second TC frame.
  • the bit map restoration refers to reducing each N bits to 1 bit; and parsing the restored second TC frame.
  • a passive optical network system including an optical line terminal OLT and an optical network unit, where the OLT is connected to the ONU through an optical distribution network ODN, where the optical line terminal is the fourth aspect and the fourth aspect.
  • an apparatus for framing includes a processor and a memory, the processor is connected to the memory through a bus, and the executable instruction is stored in the memory And when the processor executes the executable instruction, causing the processor to perform the following steps: respectively generating a first transmission aggregate TC frame and a second a TC frame, where the downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 gigabits per second Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, the first TC frame The sum of the frame lengths of the second TC frames is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than 1. Bit mapping is performed on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit mapping refers to the second Each bit of the TC frame is identified by N bits; the first TC frame and the third TC frame are transmitted to the optical network unit ONU.
  • the processor is further configured to: perform a first coding on the second TC frame, where the first code is a code RS (255, 239) ), or RS (248, 216), or low density parity check code LDPC encoding, or one of cascaded FEC encoding.
  • the first code is a code RS (255, 239) ), or RS (248, 216), or low density parity check code LDPC encoding, or one of cascaded FEC encoding.
  • the processor is further configured to: insert a pseudo passive optical network package into the third TC frame Method GEM frame header.
  • the method for inserting a pseudo-passive optical network encapsulation method GEM frame header into the third TC frame includes: Inserting a placeholder for the third TC frame; scrambling the third TC frame after the insertion of the placeholder; filling the placeholder with a pseudo GEM frame header.
  • the processor is further configured to: perform a first TC frame and the third after the insertion of the pseudo GEM frame
  • the TC frame performs a second encoding, which is one of the RS (255, 239), or RS (248, 216), or the low density parity check LDPC encoding, or the cascading FEC encoding.
  • the processor is further configured to: perform a second encoded first TC frame and a third TC frame Perform scrambling code.
  • the downlink physical control block PCBd field of the second TC frame includes The field of the TC frame length.
  • the frame length of the first TC frame is 239. An integer multiple of the byte.
  • the frame length of the first TC frame is 248 characters An integer multiple of the section.
  • an apparatus for deframing wherein the apparatus for deframing includes a processor and a memory, the processor is connected to the memory through a bus, and the executable instruction is stored in the memory And when the processor executes the executable instruction, causing the processor to perform the step of: receiving a downlink data stream, which is synchronized with a first transmission aggregation TC frame in the downlink data stream, where the downlink data stream includes The first TC frame and the second TC frame, the downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, the first TC frame and the second The sum of the frame lengths of the TC frames is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than one; the first TC frame is acquired and the first TC frame is parsed.
  • the processor further performs: descrambling the first TC frame.
  • the processor further performs: discarding the second TC frame.
  • the processor is further configured to: decode the first TC frame.
  • the processor is further configured to perform the discarding the second TC frame, specifically, including: identifying the port ID according to the port of the pseudo GEM frame Field, discarding the second TC frame.
  • the port ID when the port ID is not the same as the port identifier recorded by the ONU of the optical network unit, the port ID is discarded.
  • a tenth aspect provides an apparatus for deframing, wherein the apparatus for deframing includes a processor and a memory, and the processor is connected to the memory through a bus. Executing instructions in the memory, when the processor executes the executable instructions, causing the processor to perform the steps of: receiving a downlink data stream, wherein the downlink data stream includes a first TC frame and a The second TC frame, wherein the downlink rate of the first TC frame follows the standard, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, and the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, the frame header interval of the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the second TC frame is obtained, and the second TC frame is bitmap-restored to generate a third TC frame.
  • the bit map restoration refers to restoring every N bits in the second TC frame to 1 bit;
  • the processor further performs descrambling the second TC frame.
  • the processor further performs decoding the second TC frame.
  • the processor is configured to perform acquiring the second TC frame, specifically, according to the foregoing
  • the frame length information of the second TC frame indicated by the Alen field in the downlink physical control block PCBd field of the TC frame is removed from the received second TC frame to obtain the second TC frame.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a framing method on the transmitting side, where the line rate corresponding to the second TC frame in the framing method is lower than the line rate of the first TC frame, thereby reducing the receiver rate on the receiving side. And the bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, which reduces the optical link loss, thereby increasing the optical power budget.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a GPON network provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-rate coexistence PON network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2B is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-rate coexistence PON network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for framing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic structural diagram of a GTC frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic structural diagram of a PHY frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 4C is a schematic structural diagram of an Ident field of a GTC frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4D is a schematic structural diagram of a data flow composed of multiple GTC frames according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4E is a schematic structural diagram of a GEM frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4F is a schematic structural diagram of a Plend field of a GTC frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a first TC frame and a second TC frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a first TC frame and a second TC frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pseudo GEM frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of framing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic flowchart of still another method for framing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for deframing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of still another method for de-framing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for framing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for framing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for deframing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for deframing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for deframing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for deframing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • GPON technology follows the G.984.3 series of passive optical integrated access standards developed by the International Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), with high bandwidth, high efficiency, large coverage and rich user interfaces.
  • ITU-T International Telecommunication Standardization Sector
  • GPON technology has multiple transmission rates. Among them, 1.24416 Gbps uplink and 2.48832 Gbps downlink are currently the most commonly used GPON transmission rates, hereinafter referred to as uplink 1.244 Gbps and downlink 2.488 Gbps.
  • the GPON Transmission Convergence (GTC) frame length is 125 microseconds (microsecond, the unit is us), that is, the GTC downlink frame contains 38,880 bytes, and the uplink frame length is 125 microseconds, or 19,440 bytes.
  • a GPON Transmission Convergence is defined in the standard G.984.3.
  • the GTC layer can be used as a general transmission platform to carry various customer signals, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). ), GPON Encapsulation Method (GEM).
  • the GTC layer further includes a framing sublayer and an adaptation sublayer, wherein the framing sublayer is used to implement GTC frame encapsulation, final ODN transmission required, and PON specific functions (such as ranging, bandwidth allocation, etc.)
  • the adaptation sublayer mainly provides an interface between a protocol data unit (PDU) and a high-level entity.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • the ATM and GEM information completes the conversion of Service Data Unit (SDU) and PDU at the respective adaptation sublayers.
  • XG-PON (also known as 10G-GPON) is a PON system that represents the next generation of GPON and has a downlink rate of 10 Gbps.
  • 10G-GPON belongs to the next generation of passive optical network (Next Generation PON, NG-PON1 for short), and the corresponding standard is G.987 series.
  • asymmetric system (asymmetric system refers to uplink) The rate is 2.5 Gbps
  • the downlink rate is 10 Gbps
  • XG-PON1 the symmetric system
  • the symmetric system (which refers to the uplink rate of 10 Gbps and the downlink rate of 10 Gbps) is called XG-PON2.
  • the downlink XG-PON frame transmitted at the transmission convergence layer is called a physical frame PHY frame
  • the frame length of the PHY frame is 125 microseconds, that is, the PHY downlink frame contains a total of 155520 bytes, which is 4 times the GTC frame in GPON.
  • XG-PON1 also has a transmission aggregation TC layer, which is referred to as an XGTC layer.
  • the TC layer of XG-PON1 is divided into a service adaptation sublayer, a framing sublayer, and a physical layer adaptation sublayer.
  • the service adaptation sublayer mainly covers functions such as XGEM frame encapsulation and XGEM-ID allocation filtering, and supports segmentation and reassembly of data units and delimitation of XGEM frames.
  • the framing sublayer includes XGTC frames or burst data frame encapsulation and parsing. , Operational Administration and Maintenance (OAM), Physical Layer Operations (Administration and Maintenance, PLOAM) and Alloc-ID filtering; physical adaptation sublayer It implements forward error code (FEC) function, line coding and burst data overhead.
  • OFEC forward error code
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of a PON network with multi-rate coexistence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the PON system is a GPON system, including an OLT and at least two ONUs, wherein an ONU has a downlink receiving rate of 2.488 Gbps, which is based on the standard G.984.3, and an ONU has a downlink receiving rate of 2.488.
  • 1/N of Gbps, N is an integer greater than 1. For example, in a specific implementation, it may be 1244 Mbps or 622 Mbps.
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexing
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic structural diagram of another multi-rate coexisting PON network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the PON system is an XG-PON system, including an OLT and at least two ONUs, wherein an ONU has a downlink receiving rate of 10 Gbps, which is based on the standard G.987.3; (strictly speaking, it is 2.488) 4 times of Gbps is 9.95328 Gbps, but those skilled in the art usually refer to 10 Gbps), the downlink receiving rate of one ONU is 1 Gbps of 10 Gbps, and M is an integer greater than 1, such as 2.488 Gbps, which can be 4.97664 Gbps. .
  • the embodiment of the present invention is based on the invention of the network structure described in Figs. 2A and 2B.
  • the general idea of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a multi-rate coexistence network structure, and the multi-rate coexistence network structure can be implemented by the existing network transformation.
  • the ONU of the GPON of the existing network has a downlink receiving rate of 2.488 Gbps.
  • the ONUs of the network have at least two rates.
  • the specific frame is logically divided into two parts, which are respectively referred to as a first frame and a second frame, wherein the structure of the first frame corresponds to the provisions of the existing standard, and the second frame
  • the structure adopts a specific structure, so that when the ONU side receives the specific frame, the existing ONU of the GPON (ie, the ONU with a downlink receiving rate of 2.488 Gbps) identifies the first frame and parses the first by the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the new ONU ie, the ONU of the downlink receiving rate of 2.488 Gbps
  • the second frame is parsed, so that the existing method does not affect the existing
  • the optical power budget of the entire system is increased.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for framing according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method is applied to a network structure as shown in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B. Referring to FIG. 3, the method includes :
  • Step 301 Generate a first TC frame and a second TC frame respectively, where the downlink rate of the first TC frame is in accordance with the standard G.984.3 or G.987.3, that is, 2.488 Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the second TC frame
  • the downlink rate is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, and the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • Step 302 Perform bit mapping on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit mapping refers to identifying each bit of the second TC frame by using N bits.
  • Step 303 Send the first TC frame and the third TC frame to the optical network unit ONU.
  • the value of N is one of 2, 4, 8.
  • the frame header interval of the second TC frame is also 125 microseconds.
  • the first TC frame structure and the GTC frame defined by the existing standard G.984.3 The structure is similar, including the downlink physical control block PCBd and the payload field, but the total number of bytes is different.
  • the first TC frame structure is similar to the PHY frame structure defined by the existing standard G.987.3, including the PCBd and payload fields, but the total number of bytes is different.
  • the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with a GPON system and an XG-PON system, respectively.
  • the GTC frame structure is composed of a Physical Control Block downstream (PCBd) and a GTC Payload (GTC Payload).
  • PCBd Physical Control Block downstream (PCBd)
  • GTC Payload GTC Payload
  • PCBd consists of the following fields (or domains):
  • Psync Physical synchronization, physical synchronization field, a total of 4 bytes, at the beginning of each PCBd, for frame synchronization, that is, the ONU determines the starting position of the downstream frame according to Psync.
  • the Ident field which is a total of 4 bytes, is used to identify the frame structure. For details, refer to FIG. 4B.
  • the highest 1 bit is used to indicate the downlink FEC state, and the lower 30 bits are the multiframe counter.
  • PLOAMd Physical Layer Operations Administration and Maintenance
  • ONU activation a total of 13 bytes, used to carry downlink PLOAM messages, complete management functions such as ONU activation, encryption configuration, key management, and alarm notification.
  • G.984.3 a standard G.984.3 for the specific structure of the message, which will not be repeated here.
  • BIP Bit Interleaved Parity
  • the inter-bit parity information covers all transmitted bytes, but does not include the FEC check bits (if there is an FEC check).
  • FEC error correction is completed (if there is FEC check)
  • the receiving end shall calculate the interleave parity value of all received bytes after the previous BIP field, but shall not cover the FEC check bit and receive The BIP values obtained are compared to estimate the number of errors on the link.
  • Plend Payload Length Downstream
  • a total of 8 bytes in order to ensure robustness, the Plend domain is transmitted twice.
  • the specific structure is shown in FIG. 4E, which mainly includes a Bandwidth Length (Blen) field and an Alen field, a Blen field indicates the number of BWmap bytes, and an Alen field is used to specify the length of the ATM block, due to the GPON standard. Not used in G.984, all bits in the Alen field default to 0.
  • the Upstream BWmap (Bandwidth Map) field has a variable length, and has a Blen field indicating its number information.
  • Each BWmap has a length of 8 bytes.
  • the GTC load consists of several GEM frames.
  • the GEM frame consists of a header and a payload, as shown in Figure 4D.
  • FIG. 4E show specific contents of each field of the GTC frame.
  • the GTC frame refers to the description of the standard G.984.3, and details are not described herein again.
  • the specific structures of the first TC frame and the second TC frame are similar to the foregoing GTC frame, and both include a PCBd and a payload field, but the present invention
  • the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and the number of bytes of the first TC frame or the second TC frame is smaller than that of the GTC frame, that is, in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the length of the payload field of the first TC frame or the second TC frame is less than the length of the payload field of the GTC frame.
  • the Alen field in the Plend field of the first TC frame remains the same as that in the prior art, and the default is 0.
  • the Alen field of the second TC frame is used to indicate the frame length of the second TC frame.
  • the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and the downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 Gbps, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 2.488. 1/N of Gbps, for example, 622Mbps.
  • the byte of the first TC frame and the byte of the second TC frame can be calculated by calculating the frame length of the two frames, for example, the first TC frame length is 60.7 microseconds, and the second TC frame length is 64.3.
  • the first TC frame is 18880 bytes long and the second TC frame is 5000 bytes.
  • the first TC frame length and the second TC frame length may be specified by the OLT, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the PCBd occupies the same number of bytes as the existing GTC frame, except that the payload portion of the first TC frame occupies less than the standard number of bytes. The number of payload bytes of the specified GTC frame.
  • the framing sublayer of the TC layer is responsible for generating the first TC frame and the second TC frame.
  • the frame structure of the first TC frame or the second TC frame is similar to the PHY frame structure defined by the existing standard G.987.3.
  • the PHY frame structure is as shown in FIG. 4F, and the downlink PHY frame is composed of a downlink physical control block PCBd and a PHY frame payload portion Payload.
  • PCBd consists of the following fields:
  • Psync field which occupies 8 bytes and has a total of 64 bits.
  • the ONU determines the starting position of the downstream frame according to Psync, and the value of this field is set to 0xC5E51840FD59BB49.
  • SuperFrame Counter (SFC) field which occupies 8 bytes and has a total of 64 bits. Includes a 51-bit superframe count and a 13-bit HEC field. The value of the SFC of each PHY frame is increased relative to the previous PHY frame. When the value of the SFC of a certain PHY frame reaches the maximum value, the SFC of the next PHY frame is calculated from 0. The details are not described here, please refer to the description of the standard G.987.3.
  • the PON-ID field includes a 51-bit PON identification information and a 13-bit HEC field.
  • the PON-ID is set by the OLT and its default value is 51 zeros.
  • the payload portion of the PHY frame is used to carry an XGTC frame, wherein the XGTC frame is composed of the XGTC frame header Header and the XGTC payload Payload.
  • the XGTC frame header header includes three subfields, which are Hlend, BWmap, and PLOAMd in sequence; the payload Payload portion of the XGTC frame carries multiple XGEM frames, and the XGEM frame is composed of an XGEM frame header and an XGEM frame payload.
  • the XGEM frame header includes six fields, which are PLI, Key index, Port-ID, options, LF, and HEC. The meaning of each field will not be described here, please refer to the description of standard G.987.3.
  • the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and the frame header interval of the second TC frame is 125 microseconds.
  • the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds
  • the downlink rate of the first TC frame is 10 Gbps
  • the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 2.488 Gbps.
  • the byte of the first TC frame and the byte of the second TC frame can be calculated by calculating the frame length of the two frames, for example, the first TC frame length is 60.7 microseconds, and the second TC frame length is 64.3.
  • the first TC frame length is 75520 bytes and the second TC frame is 20000 bytes.
  • the first TC frame length and the second TC frame length may be specified by the OLT, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the number of bytes occupied by the PCBd is the same as that of the existing PHY frame, except that the number of bytes occupied by the payload portion of the first TC frame is lower than the standard.
  • the number of payload bytes of the specified PHY frame it should be noted that, in the framing process, the OLT multiplexes the existing logic in the TC adaptation layer, generates the first TC frame and the second TC frame in the framing sublayer, and calculates the values of the BIP domain respectively.
  • the calculation range of the first BIP is The data of the frame header of the two TC frames to the data before the BIP field
  • the calculation range of the remaining BIPs is the data of the second TC frame after the BIP field of the previous second TC frame and the BIP field of the current second TC frame.
  • the BIP field is data that protects the entire TC frame (including the first TC frame and the second TC frame), that is, the data after the first TC frame and the second TC frame are mapped to the 2.488 Gbps rate.
  • the value of the BIP field of the Nth first TC frame is generated according to the BIP calculation method by the following three parts: a portion after the BIP field of the N-1th first TC frame, and an N-1th second TC frame, The portion before the BIP field of the Nth first TC frame.
  • the BIP value of the second first TC frame is based on the portion of the first second TC frame and the second first TC frame before the BIP field after the BIP field of the first first TC frame. And so on.
  • the second TC frame corresponds to a rate of 1/N of 2.488 Gbps, and the line rate of the second TC frame is 622 Mbps.
  • the bit width of the second TC frame is N times of the first GTC frame, such as As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the rate of the second TC frame is 622 Mbps, and the total number of bytes is 5000 bytes (based on the assumption that the first frame length is 60.7 microseconds, and the second frame length is 64.7 microseconds) .
  • the second TC frame needs to map the downlink frame with the downlink rate of 622 Mbps to the downlink frame with the rate of 2.488 Gbps, that is, the third TC frame.
  • bit width of the second TC frame is an integer multiple of the first TC frame, such as 8 times, 2 times.
  • bit mapping is to use 8 bits to identify a bit, such as bit “1” mapped to "11110000”, bit “0” mapped to "00001111”; or 2 bits to identify a bit For example, mapping bit “1” to "11", bit “0” Map to "00".
  • the third TC frame and the first TC frame are a total of 38880 bytes, and the 38880 bytes are transmitted as a whole by the MAC module of the OLT to the optical transmitter. Transmitted to the plurality of ONUs by an optical transmitter.
  • bit mapping is performed on the second TC frame, and the principle and process thereof are the same as those described above for the GPON system, and those skilled in the art can perform on the basis of no creative work. According to the above introduction to GPON, understand how the XGPON system performs bit mapping.
  • the third TC frame and the first TC frame are a total of 155520 bytes, and the 155520 bytes are transmitted as a whole by the MAC module of the OLT to the optical transmitter, and transmitted to the optical transmitter through the optical transmitter.
  • the plurality of ONUs are a total of 155520 bytes, and the 155520 bytes are transmitted as a whole by the MAC module of the OLT to the optical transmitter, and transmitted to the optical transmitter through the optical transmitter.
  • the frame length of the first TC frame is an integer multiple of 239 bytes.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can simplify the FEC encoding process of the first TC frame, so that the ONU with the receiving rate of 2.488 Gbps is processing the FEC decoding. It is consistent with the prior art solutions.
  • the first TC frame length is an integer multiple of 248 bytes.
  • the frame length of the first TC frame is an integral multiple of 248 bytes.
  • the present invention can simplify the FEC encoding process of the first TC frame, so that the ONU with the receiving rate of 10 Gbps is consistent with the prior art solution when processing the FEC decoding.
  • the method further includes:
  • S301a Perform scrambling on the second TC frame.
  • the scrambling pattern (Scramble Pattern, SP for short) used in the current second TC frame is calculated by using the value of the Alen field in the previous second TC frame, where the Alen field is used to indicate the frame of the second TC frame. long.
  • the method further includes:
  • S301b Perform first coding on the second TC frame.
  • the first code can use Reed-solomon codes (RS).
  • RS 255, 239) encoding, or RS (248, 216) encoding, or Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC) encoding, or Cascading Forward Error Code (FEC)
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check Code
  • FEC Cascading Forward Error Code
  • the method further includes:
  • S301c Insert a pseudo GEM frame header into the third TC frame.
  • the beneficial effect of this step is that the original ONU (the original ONU refers to an ONU with a receiving rate of 2.488 Gbps in the GPON system or an ONU with a receiving rate of 10 Gbps in the XGPON) does not generate a GEM when receiving the third TC frame. Loss of GEM channel delineation (abbreviated as LCDG) alarm.
  • LCDG Loss of GEM channel delineation
  • step S301c specifically includes:
  • S301c1 inserts a placeholder for the third TC frame.
  • a placeholder is a place where you first occupy a specific location and then add specific content to that particular location.
  • an ONU with a nominal receive rate of 2.488 Gbps is the original ONU, and an ONU with a lower than 2.488 Gbps is a new ONU.
  • a pseudo GEM (Pseudo GEM, PGEM for short) frame header is inserted in the third TC frame according to a specific rule.
  • the frame structure of the pseudo GEM frame is as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the pseudo GEM is a 5-byte GEM header plus X-byte padding (X is an integer greater than or equal to 0, which can be freely set by the OLT), and the pseudo GEM frame payload is L bytes long.
  • the value of the PLI (Payload Length Indicator) field in the pseudo GEM frame header is L+X bytes.
  • the GEM Port-ID of the pseudo GEM frame header to be inserted is set to a specific ID, so that the original ONU cannot discriminate the port-ID after receiving the pseudo GEM frame header carrying the specific port-ID, and directly discards the pseudo-
  • the GEM frame header is not parsed; after receiving the third GTC frame with the pseudo GEM frame header added, the new ONU can discard the pseudo GEM frame header and retain the content of the third GTC frame.
  • a placeholder of the first pseudo GEM frame header is inserted after the first TC frame and before the third TC frame, a first pseudo GEM frame is constructed, and then a second pseudo GEM frame is constructed by analogy.
  • the value of L needs to be satisfied: the maximum value of the PLI field in the pseudo GEM frame header,
  • the third TC frame that is not encapsulated in the pseudo GEM frame takes a smaller value between the frame lengths estimated by the first FEC encoding, and requires the value of the entire pseudo GEM frame length, that is, L+X+5, to be the first FEC encoding.
  • An integer multiple of the length of the codeword An integer multiple of the length of the codeword.
  • the entire pseudo GEM frame includes an inserted pseudo GEM frame header, a bit mapped third TC frame segment, and a first FEC encoded parity bit.
  • the third TC frame segment is to slice the third TC frame according to the data payload length of the first FEC codeword, and the last slice may be less than one codeword payload length, and the FEC may refer to the existing shortened codeword processing. .
  • S301c3 Fill the placeholder with a pseudo GEM frame header.
  • the pseudo GEM frame header is used instead of its placeholder, and the pseudo GEM frame header and the scrambled third TC frame fragment are subjected to BIP calculation, and the result is used for BIP value calculation of the next first TC frame.
  • the method further includes:
  • step S301d Perform second coding on the first TC frame and the third TC frame after inserting the pseudo GEM frame header, where the second code is the inner code RS (255, 239), or RS (248, 216), or the low density parity check Code LDPC coding, or a type of cascaded FEC coding.
  • the beneficial effect of the step S301d is that the original ONU does not generate an FEC alarm when receiving the third TC frame.
  • the method further includes:
  • S301e Perform a third scrambling process on the second encoded first TC frame and the third TC frame.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a framing method on the transmitting side, where the line rate corresponding to the second TC frame in the framing method is lower than the line rate of the first TC frame, thereby reducing the receiver rate on the receiving side. And the bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, which reduces the optical link loss, thereby increasing the optical power budget.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 for framing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 700 includes:
  • the first coding may use RS (255, 239), or may use other coding methods, such as RS (255, 151) coding, RS (248, 216) coding, LDPC coding, concatenated FEC coding, or other FEC coding existing in the prior art. , no longer repeat them here.
  • Step 703 scrambling the second TC frame.
  • the processing of the scrambling code is the same as the processing of the prior art, that is, the scrambling pattern (Scramble Pattern, referred to as SP) used in the current second TC frame is calculated by the value of the Alen field in the previous second TC frame.
  • the scrambling pattern Scramble Pattern, referred to as SP
  • Step 704 Perform bit mapping on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit mapping refers to identifying each bit of the second TC frame by using N bits.
  • the second TC frame corresponds to a rate of 1/N of 2.488 Gbps.
  • the line rate of the second TC frame is 622 Mbps.
  • the bit width of the second TC frame is N times that of the first TC frame.
  • the rate of the second TC frame is 622 Mbps
  • the total number of bytes is 5000 bytes (based on the assumption that the first frame length is 60.7 microseconds
  • the second frame length is 64.3 microseconds).
  • the downlink processing rate of the transmitter of the existing OLT is 2.488 Gbps
  • a downlink frame with a rate of 622 Mbps is mapped to a downlink frame with a rate of 2.488 Gbps.
  • Step 705 inserting a placeholder for the third TC frame.
  • Step 706 Perform a second scrambling on the third TC frame after the placeholder is inserted.
  • step 707 the corresponding placeholder is filled with a pseudo GEM frame header.
  • Step 708 Perform second encoding on the first TC frame and the third TC frame after inserting the pseudo GEM frame header, where the second encoding may use RS (255, 239), or may use other encoding methods, such as RS (255, 151). Coding, RS (248, 216) coding, LDPC coding, concatenated FEC coding, or other FEC coding existing in the prior art, will not be repeated here.
  • steps 705 to 708 please refer to the description of the first embodiment, and here is not Let me repeat.
  • Step 709 scrambling the first TC frame and the third TC frame after the second encoding.
  • Step 710 Send the scrambled first TC frame and the third TC frame as a whole to the ONU.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a framing method on the transmitting side, where the line rate corresponding to the second TC frame in the framing method is lower than the line rate of the first TC frame, thereby reducing the receiver rate on the receiving side. And the bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, which reduces the optical link loss, thereby increasing the optical power budget.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method 800 for deframing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 800 can be applied to a GPON or an XG-PON.
  • the receiving rate is used. It is executed for 2.488 Gbps ONUs; when applied in XG-PON systems, it is executed by ONUs with a receiving rate of 10 Gbps.
  • the method 800 includes:
  • the value of N is one of 2, 4, and 8.
  • the frame header interval of the second TC frame is also 125 microseconds.
  • the method 800 further includes:
  • the method 800 further includes:
  • the method 800 further includes:
  • the synchronizing with the first TC frame includes:
  • the first TC frame is synchronized; how to synchronize with the first TC frame according to the Psync, please refer to the description of the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the optical receiver of the ONU receives the data stream sent by the OLT from the line, and transmits the data stream to the MAC module of the ONU for processing.
  • the method for deframing provided by the embodiment of the present invention is specifically determined by The MAC module of the ONU performs processing.
  • a method for deframing and a method for framing provided by another embodiment of the present invention are corresponding to the receiving side and the transmitting side.
  • the scrambling code is performed on the transmitting side
  • the descrambling code is to be performed on the receiving side, wherein the descrambling code and the scrambling code are mutually reciprocal operations.
  • the specific technology of the scrambling code or the descrambling code refer to the prior art. The description is not repeated here.
  • a method for deframing according to an embodiment of the present invention and a method for framing according to another embodiment of the present invention are corresponding receiving side and transmitting side. If the encoding is performed on the transmitting side, the decoding process is performed on the receiving side accordingly, and the decoding and encoding are mutually reciprocal operations.
  • the discarding the second TC frame specifically includes:
  • the second TC frame is discarded according to the port identifier Port-ID field of the pseudo GEM frame header.
  • the MAC module reads the GEM according to the port ID of the port in the GEM frame header. Since the port ID in the pseudo GEM frame does not belong to any ONU, the ONU cannot parse and directly discards. Specifically, when the MAC module of the ONU confirms that the Port-ID is different from the Port-ID recorded locally by the ONU, the pseudo GEM frame header and the second TC frame after the pseudo GEM frame header are discarded.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for de-framing on the transmitting side, where the line rate of the second TC frame in the method of de-frame is lower than the line rate of the first TC frame, so the receiving side is compared with the prior art.
  • the receiver rate is reduced and the bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, which in turn reduces the optical link loss, thereby increasing the optical power budget.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of another method 900 for deframing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 900 can be applied to a GPON or an XG-PON.
  • receiving 1/N ONU running at 2.488 Gbps when applied in In the XG-PON system, it is executed by an ONU that receives a 1/N rate of 10 Gbps.
  • the method 900 includes:
  • the downlink data stream includes a first TC frame and a second TC frame, where the downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1 of the downlink rate of the first TC frame.
  • /N the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than one.
  • the method 900 further includes:
  • the method 900 further includes:
  • the optical receiver of the ONU receives the downlink data stream, and transmits the downlink data stream to the MAC module of the ONU for processing, and the MAC module receives the downlink data stream and parses the data stream.
  • the Psync field in the PCBd field of the second TC frame is identified, synchronization with the second TC frame is performed.
  • the acquiring the second TC frame includes: removing the pseudo GEM frame header from the received second TC frame according to the frame length information of the second TC frame indicated by the Alen field in the PCBd field of the second TC frame, and acquiring The second TC frame.
  • bit mapping and the bit mapping restoration are mutually reciprocal operations.
  • a method for deframing according to an embodiment of the present invention and a method for framing according to another embodiment of the present invention are corresponding to the receiving side and the transmitting side.
  • the scrambling code is performed on the transmitting side, and the descrambling code is to be performed on the receiving side.
  • the descrambling code and the scrambling code are mutually reciprocal operations. For details of the scrambling code or descrambling code, refer to the description of the prior art. , no longer repeat them here.
  • a method for deframing a frame provided by an embodiment of the present invention and a person skilled in the art should understand
  • a framing method provided by another embodiment of the present invention is a corresponding receiving side and a transmitting side. If the encoding is performed on the transmitting side, the decoding process is performed on the receiving side accordingly, and the decoding and encoding are mutually reciprocal operations.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for de-framing on the receiving side, where the line rate of the second TC frame in the method of de-frame is lower than the line rate of the first TC frame, and therefore, the receiver rate on the receiving side is reduced and The bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, which in turn reduces the optical link loss, thereby increasing the optical power budget.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for framing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device 1000 includes:
  • the generating module 1010 is configured to generate a first TC frame and a second TC frame respectively, where a downlink rate of the first TC frame follows a standard G.984.3 or G.987.3, and a downlink rate of the second TC frame is a 1/N of the downlink rate of a TC frame, the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than one;
  • the mapping module 1020 is configured to perform bit mapping on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit mapping refers to identifying each bit of the second TC frame by using N bits;
  • the sending module 1030 is configured to send the first TC frame and the third TC frame to the optical network unit ONU.
  • the apparatus 1000 further includes a scrambling code module 1040, where the scrambling code module 1040 is configured to scramble the second TC frame.
  • the apparatus 1000 further includes an encoding module 1050, where the encoding module 1050 is configured to perform first encoding on a second TC frame, where the first encoding is a code RS (255, 239), or an RS (248, 216) , or low density parity check code LDPC coding, or a type of cascaded FEC coding.
  • the encoding module 1050 is configured to perform first encoding on a second TC frame, where the first encoding is a code RS (255, 239), or an RS (248, 216) , or low density parity check code LDPC coding, or a type of cascaded FEC coding.
  • the apparatus 1000 further includes a processing module 1060, configured to insert a pseudo GEM frame header into the third TC frame.
  • processing module 1060 is specifically configured to:
  • a placeholder is inserted for the third TC frame.
  • the third TC frame after the placeholder is inserted is scrambled.
  • the placeholder is filled with a pseudo GEM frame header.
  • the encoding module 1050 is further configured to perform second encoding on the first TC frame and the third TC frame after inserting the pseudo GEM frame header, where the second encoding is a code RS (255, 239). Or RS (248, 216), or low density parity check code LDPC coding, or a type of cascaded FEC coding.
  • the scrambling code module 1040 is further configured to scramble the first encoded TC frame and the third TC frame.
  • the line rate corresponding to the second TC frame generated by the device is lower than the line rate of the first TC frame, and the receiving side is received compared with the prior art.
  • the machine speed is reduced and the bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, which in turn reduces the optical link loss, thereby increasing the optical power budget.
  • the framing device may be a MAC processing module of the OLT.
  • the MAC processing module may use a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or a dedicated integrated chip (Application Specific). Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or System on Chip (SoC), or Central Processor Unit (CPU), or Network Processor (NP) Or use a digital signal processing circuit (Digital Signal Processor, referred to as DSP), or use a microcontroller (Micro Controller Unit, MCU for short), or use a programmable controller (Programmable Logic Device, PLD for short) or other integration chip.
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • ASIC Application Specific
  • SoC System on Chip
  • CPU Central Processor Unit
  • NP Network Processor
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • MCU Micro Controller Unit
  • PLD programmable Logic Device
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a framing apparatus 1100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1100 includes a processor 1110, a memory 1120, a communication bus 1130, and a communication interface 1140.
  • the processor 1110, the memory 1120, and the communication interface 1140 are connected by a communication bus 1140 and complete communication with each other.
  • the bus 4013 may be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. Wait.
  • ISA Industry Standard Architecture
  • PCI Peripheral Component
  • EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
  • the bus 4013 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like.
  • the processor 1110 may be a single-core or multi-core central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or configured to implement the embodiments of the present invention.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the memory 1120 can be a read only memory ROM or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory RAM or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, or can be electrically erasable.
  • Memory 1120 is used by a computer to execute instructions. Specifically, the program code may be included in the computer execution instruction.
  • the processor 1110 runs a computer to execute instructions. Specifically, the processor 1110 is configured to perform the method steps as described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
  • the framing device is a MAC processing module of the OLT.
  • the MAC processing module may adopt a field programmable gate array, or adopt a dedicated integrated chip, or adopt a system chip, or adopt a central processing unit, or adopt a network.
  • the processor either with a digital signal processing circuit, or with a microcontroller, or with a programmable controller or other integrated chip.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for deframing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1200 includes:
  • the receiving module 1210 is configured to receive a downlink data stream, where the downlink data stream includes a first TC frame and a second TC frame, where a downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 Gbps or 10 Gbps, and the second TC frame
  • the downlink rate is 1/N of the downlink rate of the first TC frame, and the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the synchronization module 1220 is configured to synchronize with the first TC frame.
  • the parsing module 1230 is configured to parse the first TC frame.
  • the apparatus 1200 further includes a descrambling module 1240, the descrambling module 1240 is configured to descramble the first TC frame.
  • the apparatus 1200 further includes a decoding module 1250, configured to use the first TC The frame is first decoded.
  • the apparatus 1200 further includes a discarding module 1260, configured to discard the second TC frame.
  • the synchronizing with the first TC frame includes:
  • the discarding module 1260 is specifically configured to:
  • the second TC frame is discarded according to the port identifier Port-ID field of the pseudo GEM frame. More specifically, when it is confirmed that the port ID is different from the port identifier recorded by the ONU, the pseudo GEM frame carrying the port-ID and the second TC frame after the pseudo GEM frame are discarded.
  • the optical receiver of the ONU receives the data stream sent by the OLT from the line, and transmits the data stream to the MAC module of the ONU for processing.
  • the method for deframing provided by the embodiment of the present invention is specifically determined by The MAC module of the ONU performs processing.
  • a device for deframing and a device for framing provided by another embodiment of the present invention are corresponding to the receiving side and the transmitting side.
  • the scrambling code is performed on the transmitting side
  • the descrambling code is performed on the receiving side, wherein the descrambling code and the scrambling code are mutually reciprocal operations.
  • the specific technology of the scrambling code or the descrambling code refer to the prior art. Description, no more details here.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus 1300 for deframing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1300 includes a processor 1310, a memory 1320, a communication bus 1330, and a communication interface 1340.
  • the processor 1310, the memory 1320, and the communication interface 1340 are connected by a communication bus 1330 and complete communication with each other.
  • Processor 1310 may be a single core or multi-core central processing unit, or a particular integrated circuit, or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention.
  • the memory 1320 may be a high speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory or at least one disk memory.
  • Memory 1320 is used by a computer to execute instructions. Specifically, the program code may be included in the computer execution instruction.
  • the processor 1310 runs a computer to execute instructions, specifically, the The processor 1310 is configured to perform the method steps as described in the method embodiment 3.
  • the deframed device may be a field programmable gate array, or a dedicated integrated chip, or a system chip, or a central processing unit, or a network processor, or a digital signal processing circuit. Either use a microcontroller or use a programmable controller or other integrated chip.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for deframing on the receiving side, where the line rate of the second TC frame in the downlink data stream received by the device is lower than the line rate of the first TC frame, and therefore, compared with the prior art.
  • the receiver rate of the receiving side is reduced, the bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, and the optical link loss is reduced, so that the optical power budget can be increased.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus 1400 for de-framing a passive optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1400 can be applied to a GPON or an XG-PON.
  • the ONU When applied in a GPON system, the ONU is 2.488 Gbps.
  • MAC module when applied in an XG-PON system, by a 10Gbps ONU MAC module.
  • the apparatus 1400 includes:
  • the receiving module 1410 is configured to receive a downlink data stream.
  • the downlink data stream includes a first TC frame and a second TC frame, where a downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 Gbps or 10 Gbps, and a downlink rate of the second TC frame is 1 of a downlink rate of the first TC frame.
  • /N the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than one.
  • the obtaining module 1420 is configured to acquire a second TC frame.
  • the restoration module 1430 is configured to perform bit map restoration on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bitmap restoration is to restore each N bits in the second TC frame to 1 bit.
  • the parsing module 1440 is configured to parse the third TC frame.
  • the apparatus further includes a descrambling module 1450, the descrambling module 1450 is configured to descramble the second TC frame.
  • the apparatus further includes a decoding module 1460, where the decoding module 1460 is further configured to decode the second TC frame.
  • the optical receiver of the ONU receives the downlink data stream, and transmits the downlink data stream to the MAC module of the ONU for processing, and the receiving module 1410 receives the downlink data stream, and then performs Identifying the Psync field in the PCBd field of the second TC frame Synchronizing with the second TC frame.
  • the obtaining module 1430 is specifically configured to: remove the pseudo GEM frame, the FEC check data, and the first TC frame according to the frame length information of the second TC frame identified by the Alen field in the PCBd of the second TC frame, and obtain The second TC frame.
  • bit mapping and the bit mapping restoration are mutually reciprocal operations.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus 1500 for deframing provided by the implementation of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1500 includes a processor 1510, a memory 1520, a communication bus 1530, and a communication interface 1540.
  • the processor 1510, the memory 1520, and the communication interface 1540 are connected by a communication bus 1530 and complete communication with each other.
  • Processor 1510 may be a single core or multi-core central processing unit, or a particular integrated circuit, or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention.
  • the memory 1520 may be a high speed RAM memory or a nonvolatile memory such as a flash memory or at least one disk memory.
  • Memory 1520 is used by a computer to execute instructions. Specifically, the program code may be included in the computer execution instruction.
  • the processor 1510 runs a computer to execute instructions. Specifically, the processor 1510 is configured to perform the method steps as described in the third embodiment.
  • the deframed device may be a field programmable gate array, or a dedicated integrated chip, or a system chip, or a central processing unit, or a network processor, or a digital signal processing circuit. Either use a microcontroller or use a programmable controller or other integrated chip.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for deframing on the receiving side, where the line rate of the second TC frame in the downlink data stream received by the device is lower than the line rate of the first TC frame, and therefore, compared with the prior art.
  • the receiver rate of the receiving side is reduced, the bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, and the optical link loss is reduced, so that the optical power budget can be increased.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a PON system of a passive optical network, where the PON system includes an OLT and a first ONU and a second ONU, and the OLT is connected to the first ONU and the second ONU through an ODN, as shown in FIG. 2 or 3.
  • the system specifically includes:
  • the OLT is configured to generate a first TC frame and a second TC frame respectively, where a downlink rate of the first TC frame is 2.488 Gbps or 10 Gbps, and a downlink rate of the second TC frame is a downlink rate of the first TC frame.
  • 1/N the sum of the frame lengths of the first TC frame and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds, and N is an integer greater than one; performing bit mapping on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit mapping refers to Each bit of the second TC frame is identified by N bits; the first TC frame and the third TC frame are sent to the first ONU and the second ONU.
  • the first ONU is configured to receive the first TC frame and the third TC frame, and synchronize with the first TC frame; parse the first TC frame.
  • the second ONU is configured to receive the first TC frame and the third TC frame, obtain a third TC frame, perform bit mapping restoration on the third TC frame, generate a second TC frame, and parse the second TC frame.
  • the eighth embodiment of the present invention is a system type embodiment with respect to the foregoing first to seventh embodiments.
  • the descriptions of the first to seventh embodiments are of course applicable to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the description of 1 to 7 will not be repeated here.
  • system and “network” are used interchangeably herein.
  • the term “and/or” in this context is merely an association describing the associated object, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which may indicate that A exists separately, and both A and B exist, respectively. B these three situations.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual object is an "or" relationship.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B from A does not mean that B is only determined based on A, and that B can also be determined based on A and/or other information.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, or an electrical, mechanical or other form of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention contributes in essence or to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium.
  • a number of instructions are included to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无源光网络成帧的方法、装置及系统。所述方法包括分别生成第一吉比特无源光网络传输汇聚GTC帧和第二GTC帧，其中，所述第一GTC帧和第二GTC帧帧长之和为125微秒，所述第二GTC帧的帧头间隔为125微秒；对所述第二GTC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特都采用N个比特来标识；将所述第一GTC帧和所述第二GTC帧发送至光网络单元。由于该成帧的方法中的第二GTC帧对应线路速率低于2.488Gbps，因此接收侧的接收机速率降低以及接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。

Description

一种无源光网络成帧的方法、装置及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种无源光网络成帧的方法、装置以及一种无源光网络解帧的方法、装置和系统。
背景技术
随着光通信技术的迅速发展，无源光网络(Passive Optical Network，简称为PON)系统在光通信技术中的应用越来越广。PON由局侧的光线路终端(Optical Line Terminal,简称为OLT)110、用户侧的光网络单元(Optical Network Unit，简称为ONU)或者光网络终端(Optical Network Terminal，简称为ONT)120以及光分配网络(Optical Distribution Network，简称为ODN)130组成。无源光网络一般采用树型的拓扑结构，典型的PON架构如图1所示，下面以该架构为例进行说明。
OLT 110为PON系统提供网络侧接口，连接一个或多个ODN 130。ONU 120为PON系统提供用户侧接口，与ODN 130相连。如果ONU 120直接提供用户端口功能，如PC上网用的以太网用户端口，则称为ONT 120。无特殊说明，下文提到的ONU 120统指ONU和ONT。ODN 130是由光纤和无源分光器件组成的网络，用于连接OLT 110设备和ONU 120设备，用于分发或复用OLT 110和ONU 120之间的数据信号。
在PON系统中，从OLT 110到ONU 120称为下行；反之，从ONU 120到OLT 110为上行。在GPON中，下行传输速率是基于现有ITU G.984系列标准的规定，一般为2.488吉比特每秒(G-bits per-second，简称为Gpbs)，整个系统运行中只存在一种下行传输速率。
一般地，在光网络设计中，为保证各式各样的光传输段达到需要的性能水平，需要对总的光功率损耗进行预算，称为光功率预算。光功率预算所容许的损耗定义为参考点之间的光损耗S/R和R/S(S表示光发信参考点，R表示光收信参考点)，以dB表示。这一损耗包括了光纤和无源光元件所引入的损耗。现有ODN网络可能存在光链路损耗增大而导致光功率预算不足的情况。因此，如何提高PON系统的光功率预算是当前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的实施例提供一种PON系统中成帧的方法和装置以及解帧的方法和装置，能够提高PON系统的光功率预算。
第一方面，提供一种无源光网络成帧的方法，包括分别生成第一传输汇聚TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps或者10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，所述第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，其中，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识；将所述第一TC帧和所述第三TC帧发送至光网络单元ONU。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括对第二TC帧进行第一编码，所述第一编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括对所述第二TC帧进行扰码。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括对第三TC帧插入伪GEM帧头。该种实现方式可以使得原ONU(原ONU指的是在GPON系统中的接收速率为2.488Gbps的ONU，或者在XGPON中接收速率为10Gbps的ONU)在接收第三TC帧时不产生GEM帧丢失告警。
结合第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述对第三TC帧插入伪无源光网络封装方法GEM帧头，具体包括：对第三TC帧插入占位符；对所述插入占位符后的第三TC帧进行扰码；采用所述伪GEM帧头填充所述占位符。
结合第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括对第一TC帧和所述插入伪GEM帧头后的第三TC帧进行第二编码，所述第二编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编 码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。该实现方式可以使得原ONU在接收第三TC帧时不产生FEC告警。
结合第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，对经过第二编码后的第一TC帧和第三TC帧进行第三扰码。
结合第一方面以及第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述第一TC帧的物理控制块PCB字段包括用于指示第二TC帧帧长的字段。
结合第一方面以及第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，所述第一TC帧的帧长为239字节的整数倍。此种实现方式使得在GPON系统中，如果第一TC帧长为239字节的整数倍，可以简化第一TC帧的FEC编码流程，使得接收速率为2.488Gbps的ONU在处理FEC解码时与现有技术方案保持一致。
结合第一方面以及第一方面的第一种至第七种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式中，所述第一TC帧的帧长为248字节的整数倍。此种实现方式使得在XG-PON系统中，如果第一TC帧的帧长为248字节的整数倍，可以简化第一TC帧的FEC编码流程，使得接收速率为10Gbps的ONU在处理FEC解码时与现有技术方案保持一致。
第二方面，提供一种无源光网络解帧的方法，所述方法包括：接收下行数据流，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一传输汇聚TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps或者10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；与所述第一TC帧同步；解析所述第一GTC帧。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：解扰码所述第一TC帧。
结合第二方面或者第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括丢弃所述第二TC 帧。
结合第二方面或第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括解码所述第一TC帧。
结合第二方面或第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述丢弃所述第二TC帧具体包括根据伪GEM帧的端口标识Port-ID字段，对第二GTC帧进行丢弃。
结合第二方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述根据伪GEM帧的端口标识Port-ID字段，对第二GTC帧进行丢弃，具体包括：当确认所述PortID与光网络单元ONU记录的端口标识不相同时，丢弃携带该PortID的伪GEM帧以及伪GEM帧后的第二TC帧。
第三方面，提供一种无源光网络解帧的方法，所述方法包括接收下行数据流，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一传输汇聚TC帧和第二TC帧，第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；获取第二TC帧；对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射还原，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射还原是指将所述第二TC帧中的每N个比特还原为1个比特；解析所述第三TC帧。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括解扰码所述第二TC帧。
结合第三方面或者第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，述方法还包括对所述第二TC帧进行解码。
结合第三方面或者第三方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述所述获取第二TC帧，具体包括根据所述第二TC帧的下行物理控制块PCBd字段中的Alen字段指示的第二TC帧的帧长信息，从接收的第二TC帧中移除伪GEM帧，获取第二TC帧。
第四方面，提供一种用于成帧的装置，包括：生成模块，用于分别生成第一吉比特无源光网络传输汇聚TC帧和第二TC帧，其中， 所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps或者10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；映射模块，用于对第二TC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，其中，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识；发射模块，用于对所述第一TC帧和第三TC帧发送至光网络单元ONU。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括编码模块，用于对第二TC帧进行编码，所述第一编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
结合第四方面或第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括扰码模块，所述扰码模块用于对所述第二TC帧进行扰码。
结合第四方面以及第四方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括：处理模块，用于对第三TC帧插入伪GEM帧头。
结合第四方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述处理模块具体用于对第三TC帧插入占位符；对插入占位符后的第三TC帧进行扰码；采用伪GEM帧头填充所述占位符。
结合第四方面的第五种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述编码模块还用于对第一TC帧和所述插入伪GEM帧后的第三TC帧进行第二编码，所述第二编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
结合第四方面的第六种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述扰码模块还用于对经过第二编码后的第一TC帧和第三TC帧进行扰码。
结合第四方面或第四方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，所述第二TC帧的物理控制块PCB 字段包括用于指示第二TC帧帧长的字段。
结合第四方面或第四方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第九种可能的实现方式中，所述第一TC帧的帧长为239字节的整数倍。
结合第四方面或第四方面的第一种至第八种的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第十种可能的实现方式中，所述第一TC帧的帧长为239字节的整数倍。
第五方面，提供一种用于解帧的装置，所述装置包括：接收模块，用于接收下行数据流，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一传输汇聚TC帧和第二TC帧，所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；同步模块，用于与所述第一TC帧同步；解析模块，用于对所述第一TC帧进行解析。
结合第五方面，在第五方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括解扰模块，用于解扰码所述第一TC帧。
结合第五方面或第五方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第五方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括解码模块用于对所述第一TC帧进行解码。
结合第五方面或第五方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第五方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括丢弃模块，用于丢弃所述第二TC帧。
结合第五方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述丢弃模块具体用于：根据伪无源光网络封装方法GEM帧的端口标识PortID字段，对所述第二TC进行丢弃。
结合第五方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述丢弃模块具体用于根据伪GEM帧的端口标识Port-ID字段，对所述第二TC进行丢弃，具体包括：当确认所述Port-ID与光网络单元ONU本地记录的端口标识不相同时，丢弃携带所述Port-ID的伪GEM帧以及伪GEM帧后的第二TC帧。
第六方面，提供一种用于解帧的装置，包括：所述方法包括： 接收模块，用于接收下行数据流，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一传输汇聚TC帧和第二TC帧，所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；获取模块，用于获取第二TC帧；还原模块，用于对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射还原，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射还原是指将所述第二TC帧中的每N个比特还原为1个比特；解析模块，用于对所述第三TC帧进行解析处理。
结合第六方面，在第六方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括解扰模块，用于对所述第二TC帧进行解扰码。
结合第六方面或第六方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第六方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括解码模块，用于对所述第二TC帧进行解码。
结合第六方面或者第六方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第六方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述获取模块具体用于：根据第二TC帧的PCBd中的Alen字段标识的第二TC帧的帧长信息，丢掉伪GEM帧获取第二TC帧。
结合第六方面或者第六方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第六方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述解析模块，具体用于对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射还原，所述比特映射还原是指将每N个比特还原为1个比特；解析所述还原后的第二TC帧。
第七方面，提供一种无源光网络系统，包括光线路终端OLT和光网络单元，所述OLT通过光配线网络ODN与所述ONU相连，所述光线路终端是第四方面以及第四方面任意一项所述的成帧的装置，所述ONU是第六方面以及第六方面任意一项所述的解帧的装置。
第八方面，提供一种用于成帧的装置，其特征在于，所述成帧的装置包括处理器和内存，所述处理器与所述内存通过总线连接，所述内存中存储可执行指令，当所述处理器执行所述可执行指令时，使得所述处理器执行如下步骤：分别生成第一传输汇聚TC帧和第二 TC帧，其中，所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps或者10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，所述第一TC帧和第二TC帧的帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识；将所述第一TC帧和所述第三TC帧发送到光网络单元ONU。
结合第八方面，在第八方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行：对所述第二TC帧进行第一编码，所述第一编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
结合第八方面或第八方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第八方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行：对第三TC帧插入伪无源光网络封装方法GEM帧头。
结合第八方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第八方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述对第三TC帧插入伪无源光网络封装方法GEM帧头，具体包括：对第三TC帧插入占位符；对所述插入占位符后的第三TC帧进行扰码；采用伪GEM帧头填充所述占位符。
结合第八方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第八方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行：对第一TC帧和所述插入伪GEM帧后的第三TC帧进行第二编码，所述第二编码是是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
结合第八方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第八方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行：对经过第二编码后的第一TC帧和第三TC帧进行扰码。
结合第八方面以及第八方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第八方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述第二TC帧的下行物理控制块PCBd字段包括用于指示第二TC帧帧长的字段。
结合第八方面以及第八方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第八方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述第一TC帧的帧长为239 字节的整数倍。
结合第八方面以及第八方面的第一种至第六种任意一种可能的实现方式，在第八方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，所述第一TC帧的帧长为248字节的整数倍。
第九方面，提供一种用于解帧的装置，其特征在于，所述解帧的装置包括处理器和内存，所述处理器与所述内存通过总线连接，所述内存中存储可执行指令，当所述处理器执行所述可执行指令时，使得所述处理器执行如下步骤：接收下行数据流，与下行数据流中的第一传输汇聚TC帧同步，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一TC帧和第二TC帧，第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps或者10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧的帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；获取第一TC帧并解析所述第一TC帧。
结合第九方面，在第九方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行：解扰第一TC帧。
结合第九方面或第九方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第九方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行：丢弃第二TC帧。
结合第九方面或第九方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第九方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行：解码所述第一TC帧。
结合第九方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第九方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行丢弃第二TC帧，具体包括：根据伪GEM帧的端口标识PortID字段，丢弃所述第二TC帧。
结合第九方面的第四种可能的实现方式，在第九方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，当确认所述PortID与光网络单元ONU本地记录的端口标识不相同时，丢弃携带该PortID的伪GEM帧以及伪GEM帧后的字节。
第十方面，提供一种用于解帧的装置，其特征在于，所述解帧的装置包括处理器和内存，所述处理器与所述内存通过总线连接， 所述内存中存储可执行指令，当所述处理器执行所述可执行指令时，使得所述处理器执行如下步骤：接收下行数据流，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，第一TC帧的下行速率遵循标准，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，所述第二TC帧的帧头间隔为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；获取第二TC帧，对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射还原，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射还原是指将所述第二TC帧中的每N个比特还原为1个比特；解析第三TC帧。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行解扰所述第二TC帧。
结合第十方面或第十方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第十方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器还执行解码所述第二TC帧。
结合第十方面以及第十方面的任意一种可能的实现方式，在第十方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器用于执行获取第二TC帧，具体包括：根据所述第二TC帧的下行物理控制块PCBd字段中的Alen字段指示的第二TC帧的帧长信息，从接收的第二TC帧中移除伪GEM帧字段，获取第二TC帧。
本发明实施例通过在发送侧提供一种成帧的方法，该成帧的方法中的第二TC帧对应线路速率低于第一TC帧的线路速率，因此，使得接收侧的接收机速率降低以及接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术提供的一种GPON网络结构示意图；
图2A为本发明实施例提供的一种多速率共存的PON网络结构示意图；
图2B为本发明实施例提供的另一种多速率共存的PON网络结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种无源光网络成帧的方法流程示意图；
图4A为本发明实施例提供的一种GTC帧结构示意图；
图4B为本发明实施例提供的一种PHY帧结构示意图；
图4C本发明实施例提供的一种GTC帧的Ident字段的结构示意图；
图4D为本发明实施例提供的一种为多个GTC帧组成的数据流的结构示意图；
图4E为本发明实施例提供的一种GEM帧的结构示意图；
图4F为本发明实施例提供的一种GTC帧的Plend字段的结构示意图；
图5A为本发明实施例提供的一种第一TC帧和第二TC帧的示意图；
图5B为本发明实施例提供的一种第一TC帧和第二TC帧具体结构的示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种伪GEM帧的结构示意图；
图7A为本发明实施例提供的一种无源光网络成帧的示意图；
图7B为本发明实施例提供的又一种无源光网络成帧的方法流程示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种无源光网络解帧的方法流程示意图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的又一种无源光网络解帧的方法流程示意图；
图10为本发明实施例提供的又一种无源光网络成帧的装置结构示意图；
图11为为本发明实施例提供的又一种无源光网络成帧的装置结构示意图；
图12为本发明实施例提供的一种用于解帧的装置的结构示意图；
图13为本发明实施例提供的又一种用于解帧的装置的结构示意图；
图14为本发明实施例提供的又一种用于解帧的装置的结构示意图；
图15为本发明实施例提供的又一种用于解帧的装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进 行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
GPON技术遵循国际电信联盟远程通信标准化组织(International Telecommunication Standardization Sector，ITU-T)制订的无源光综合接入标准—G.984.3系列，具有高带宽、高效率、大覆盖范围和用户接口丰富等特点。当前GPON技术有多种传输速率，其中，1.24416Gbps上行和2.48832Gbps下行是目前最常用的GPON传输速率，下文将简称为上行1.244Gbps和下行2.488Gbps。根据现有G.984.3标准规定，下行GPON传输汇聚(GPON Transmitting Convergence，简称为GTC)帧长为125微秒(microsecond，单位为us)，即GTC下行帧共包含38880字节，上行帧长为125微秒，即19440字节。
标准G.984.3中定义了一个传输汇聚层(GPON Transmission Convergence，简称为GTC)，该GTC层可以作为通用的传输平台来承载各种客户信号，比如异步传输模式信号(Asynchronous Transfer Mode，简称为ATM)、GPON封装方法信号(GPON Encapsulation Method，简称为GEM)。GTC层又进一步包括成帧子层和适配子层，其中，成帧子层用于实现GTC帧的封装、终结所要求的ODN传输功能、PON的特定功能(如测距、宽带分配等)；适配子层主要提供协议数据单元(Protocol Data Unit，简称为PDU)与高层实体的接口。ATM和GEM信息在各自的适配子层完成业务数据单元(Service data Unit，简称为SDU)与PDU的转换。
XG-PON(也可称为10G-GPON)是代表下一代GPON、下行速率达到10Gbps的PON系统。通常来讲，10G-GPON属于下一代无源光网络第一阶段(Next Generation PON,简称为NG-PON1)，对应的标准为G.987系列，其中，非对称系统(非对称系统是指上行速率2.5Gbps，下行速率10Gbps)称为XG-PON1，对称系统(是指上行速率10Gbps，下行速率10Gbps)称为XG-PON2。根据现有标准G.987的规定，在传输汇聚层传输的下行XG-PON帧称为物理帧PHY帧，该PHY帧的帧长为125微秒，即PHY下行帧共包含155520字节，是GPON中GTC帧的4倍。
目前ITU-T在XG-PON1取得了实质性进展，XG-PON2的标准化正在进行中。同样地，XG-PON1也有一个传输汇聚TC层，简称为XGTC层，XG-PON1的TC层共分为业务适配子层、成帧子层和物理层适配子层。业务适配子层主要涵盖了XGEM帧封装以及XGEM-ID分配过滤等功能，支持数据单元的分段重组和XGEM帧的定界功能；成帧子层包括XGTC帧或者突发数据帧封装和解析，嵌入式操作管理消息(Operation Administration and Maintenance，简称为OAM)功能、物理层操作管理维护(Physical Layer Operations,Administration and Maintenance，简称为PLOAM)功能以及Alloc-ID过滤等；物理适配子层用于实现前向纠错编码(Forward Error Code,简称为FEC)功能、线路编码以及突发数据开销功能。
图2A示出了本发明实施例提供的一种多速率共存的PON网络结构示意图。如图2A所示，该PON系统是GPON系统，包括OLT以及至少两个ONU，其中，一个ONU的下行接收速率为2.488Gbps，是基于标准G.984.3的规定，一个ONU的下行接收速率为2.488Gbps的1/N，N为大于1的整数。比如，一种具体的实施方式中，可以为1244Mbps，或者622Mbps。本领域普通技术人员应理解，在该GPON系统中，下行存在不同的传输速率以时分方式共存，上行通过时分复用(Time Division Multiplexing,简称为TDM)共享上行带宽，该网络结构的益处之一是运营商在提升系统光功率预算时，可以兼容现有的GPON网络，即在已有的GPON网络上进行改造，降低改造成本。
图2B示出了本发明实施例提供的另一种多速率共存的PON网络结构示意图。如图2B所示，该PON系统为XG-PON系统，包括OLT以及至少两个ONU，其中，一个ONU的下行接收速率为10Gbps，是基于标准G.987.3的规定；(严格说来，是2.488Gbps的4倍，为9.95328Gbps，但是本领域技术人员通常称为10Gbps)，一个ONU的下行接收速率为10Gbps的1/M，M为大于1的整数，比如可以为2.488Gbps，可以为4.97664Gbps。本领域普通技术人员应理解，在该XG-PON系统中，下行存在不同的传输速率以时分方式共存，上行通过TDM共享上行带宽，该网络结构的益处之一是运营商在采用本发明实施例提供的方法来提升光功率预算时，可以兼容已布置的XG-PON网络，即在已有的XG-PON网络上进行改造，降低 改造成本。
本发明实施例是基于图2A和图2B所述的网络结构上的发明。为方便理解，本发明实施例的总体思想是通过提供一种多速率共存的网络结构，且该多速率共存的网络结构可以通过现网改造实现。比如，现网的GPON的ONU都是下行接收速率为2.488Gbps，通过在OLT下布放一些接收速率为2.488Gbps的1/N的ONU，使得该网络有至少两种速率的ONU存在。在OLT侧生成一种特定的帧，该特定的帧在逻辑上分为两个部分，分别称为第一帧和第二帧，其中第一帧的结构对应现有标准的规定，第二帧的结构采用特定结构，使得当ONU侧接收到该特定的帧时，GPON现有的ONU(即下行接收速率为2.488Gbps的ONU)通过本发明实施例提供的方法识别第一帧并解析第一帧；而新加入的ONU(即下行接收速率为2.488Gbps的1/N的ONU)通过本发明实施例提供的方法识别第二帧并解析第二帧，从而通过这种方法在不影响现有网络系统的情况下，提高整个系统的光功率预算。关于本发明的具体内容，请参阅各个具体实施例。
实施例一
图3示出了本发明的实施例提供的一种成帧的方法的示意性流程图，该方法应用于如图2A或图2B所示的网络结构中，参照图3所示，该方法包括：
步骤301、分别生成第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，所述第一TC帧的下行速率遵循标准G.984.3或者G.987.3的规定，即为2.488Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数。
步骤302、对第二TC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识。
步骤303、将所述第一TC帧和所述第三TC帧发送到光网络单元ONU。
优选地，N的取值为2、4、8之一。
优选地，所述第二TC帧的帧头间隔也为125微秒。
在本发明实施例中，具体而言，所述第一TC帧和第二TC帧如果应用在GPON系统中，第一TC帧结构与现有的标准G.984.3定义的GTC帧 结构类似，均包括下行物理控制块PCBd和净荷字段，但是总的字节数不同，具体请参照下方介绍。如果应用在XG-PON系统中，第一TC帧结构与现有标准G.987.3定义的PHY帧结构类似，均包括PCBd和净荷字段，但是总的字节数不同，具体请参照下方介绍。下面分别以GPON系统和XG-PON系统来进一步详细说明本发明实施例。
GTC帧结构如图4A～4E所示，由下行物理控制块(Physical Control Block downstream，简称为PCBd)和GTC净荷部分(GTC Payload)组成。其中，PCBd由以下字段(或称为域)组成：
Psync(Physical synchronization，物理同步)字段，共4字节，在每个PCBd的开始位置，用于帧同步，即ONU根据Psync来确定下行帧的起始位置。
Ident字段，共4字节，用于标识帧结构的指示信息，其具体结构请参考图4B，最高的1比特用于指示下行FEC状态，低30比特为复帧计数器。
PLOAMd(Physical Layer Operations Administration and Maintenance downstream，下行物理层运行与维护)字段，共13字节，用于携带下行PLOAM消息，完成ONU激活、加密配置、密钥管理和告警通知等管理功能，关于PLOAM消息的具体结构请具体参考标准G.984.3的规定，这里不再赘述。
BIP(Bit-Interleaved Parity，比特交织校验)字段，共1字节，用于对上一个GTC帧的BIP字段之后的所有字节(FEC校验字段除外)进行比特交织校验，其携带的比特间插奇偶校验信息覆盖了所有传输字节，但不包括FEC校验位(假如有FEC校验的话)。在完成FEC纠错后(假如有FEC校验的话)，接收端应计算前一个BIP字段之后所有接收到字节的比特间插奇偶校验值，但不应覆盖FEC校验位，并与接收到的BIP值进行比较，从而估算链路上的差错数量。
Plend(Payload Length downstream，下行净荷长度)字段，共8字节，为了保证健壮性，Plend域传送两次。具体结构如图4E所示，主要包括宽带映射长度(Bandwidth Length，简称为Blen)字段和Alen字段，Blen字段指示BWmap字节的个数，Alen字段用于指定ATM块的长度，由于在GPON标准G.984中未使用，Alen域所有比特默认为0。
Upstream BWmap(Bandwidth Map，带宽位图)字段，长度可变，有Blen字段指示其个数信息，每个BWmap的长度为8字节。
其中，GTC负载由若干个GEM帧组成。GEM帧由帧头(Header)和负载(Payload)组成，如图4D所示。
图4B～图4E示出了GTC帧各个字段的具体内容，关于GTC帧的具体定义请参照标准G.984.3的记载，这里不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例一中，当应用于GPON系统时，第一TC帧与第二TC帧的具体结构同上述GTC帧相似，均包括PCBd和净荷字段，但是由于本发明实施例中第一TC帧和第二TC帧的帧长之和为125微秒，所述第一TC帧或第二TC帧的字节数均比GTC帧要少，即本发明实施例中第一TC帧或第二TC帧的净荷字段的长度是少于GTC帧的净荷字段的长度。
还需要说明的是，在本发明实施例一中，第一TC帧的Plend字段中的Alen字段，保持同现有技术的规定，默认为0。但是第二TC帧的Alen字段，用于指示第二TC帧的帧长。
以GPON举例说明，本发明实施例中第一TC帧和第二TC帧的帧长之和为125微秒，且第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps的1/N，比如为622Mbps。具体地，第一TC帧的字节和第二TC帧的字节可以通过计算两个帧的帧长计算得出，比如假设第一TC帧长为60.7微秒，第二TC帧长为64.3微秒，那么第一TC帧长为18880字节，第二TC帧为5000字节。当然地，第一TC帧长和第二TC帧长可以由OLT规定，本发明实施例对此不作任何限定。
应理解，以第一TC帧长为18880字节为例，其PCBd所占有的字节数同现有GTC帧相同，只是该第一TC帧的净荷部分所占有的字节数低于标准规定的GTC帧的净荷字节数。
对于XG-PON系统来说，由TC层的成帧子层负责生成上述第一TC帧和第二TC帧。其中，第一TC帧或第二TC帧的帧结构与现有标准G.987.3定义的PHY帧结构类似，具体请参照下方介绍。PHY帧结构如图4F所示，下行PHY帧由下行物理控制块PCBd和PHY帧净荷部分Payload组成。其中，PCBd由以下字段组成：
Psync字段，占8个字节，共64比特。在每个PCBd的开始位置，用于帧同步，即ONU根据Psync来确定下行帧的起始位置，该字段的值设置为0xC5E51840FD59BB49。
超帧计数器(SuperFrame Counter，简称为SFC)字段，占8个字节，共64比特。包括一个51比特超帧计数和一个13比特HEC字段。每个PHY帧的SFC的值相对于上一个PHY帧都是增长的，当某一个PHY帧的SFC的值达到最大值时，下一个PHY帧的SFC从0开始计算。具体内容不再赘述，请参照标准G.987.3的记载。
PON-ID字段，包括一个51比特的PON标识信息和一个13比特的HEC字段。PON-ID是由OLT设置的，它的默认值是51个0。
PHY帧的净荷部分用于承载一个XGTC帧，其中，XGTC帧由XGTC帧头Header和XGTC的净荷Payload组成。XGTC帧头Header包括三个子字段，依次为Hlend、BWmap、PLOAMd；XGTC帧的净荷Payload部分承载多个XGEM帧，XGEM帧由XGEM帧头和XGEM帧净荷组成。XGEM帧头包括6个字段，依次为PLI、Key index、Port-ID、options、LF、HEC。关于各个字段的含义，这里不再赘述，请参照标准G.987.3的记载。
如图5A或图5B所示，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，并且第二TC帧的帧头间隔为125微秒。以XGPON举例说明，本发明实施例中第一TC帧和第二TC帧的帧长之和为125微秒，且第一TC帧的下行速率为10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps。具体地，第一TC帧的字节和第二TC帧的字节可以通过计算两个帧的帧长计算得出，比如假设第一TC帧长为60.7微秒，第二TC帧长为64.3微秒，那么第一TC帧长为75520字节，第二TC帧为20000字节。当然地，第一TC帧长和第二TC帧长可以由OLT规定，本发明实施例对此不作任何限定。
应理解，以第一TC帧长为75520字节为例，其PCBd所占有的字节数同现有PHY帧相同，只是该第一TC帧的净荷部分所占有的字节数低于标准规定的PHY帧的净荷字节数。需要说明的是，在成帧过程中，OLT在TC适配层复用现有逻辑，在成帧子层分别生成第一TC帧、第二TC帧，并分别计算其BIP域的值。
需要说明的是，对于第二TC帧来说，其第一个BIP的计算范围为第 二TC帧的帧头到BIP字段之前的数据，其余BIP的计算范围为前一个第二TC帧的BIP字段之后和当前第二TC帧的BIP字段之前的第二TC帧的数据。
对于第一TC帧来说，BIP字段是保护整个TC帧(包括第一TC帧和第二TC帧)的数据，即第一TC帧和第二TC帧映射到2.488Gbps速率后的数据。第N个第一TC帧的BIP字段的值是由以下三部分根据BIP计算方法而生产：第N-1个第一TC帧的BIP字段之后的部分、第N-1个第二TC帧、第N个第一TC帧的BIP字段之前的部分。
举例说明，第2个第一TC帧的BIP值基于第1个第一TC帧的BIP字段之后，第1个第二TC帧、第2个第一TC帧BIP字段之前的部分。依次类推。
关于步骤302的具体内容，以GPON为例进行详细说明。第二TC帧对应于2.488Gbps的1/N的速率，以第二TC帧为622Mbps的线路速率为例，为了准确定时，第二TC帧的比特位宽是第一GTC帧的N倍，如本发明实施例所示的，第二TC帧的速率为622Mbps，共占字节数为5000字节(基于假设第一帧长为60.7微秒，第二帧长为64.7微秒计算得出)。由于现有的OLT的发射机的下行处理速率为2.488Gbps，因此第二TC帧在发射前需要将下行速率为622Mbps的下行帧映射为速率为2.488Gbps的下行帧，即第三TC帧。第三TC帧长为5000*4＝20000字节，使得第一TC帧和第三TC帧的总字节数为18880+20000＝38880字节，正好为现有技术GPON的GTC帧所占字节数。
进一步地，采用4个比特来标识1个比特的一种具体的实现方法如下：如比特“1”映射为“1100”，比特“0”映射为“0011”。当然地，也可以采用其他映射方法，比如将比特“1”映射为“1111”，比特“0”映射为“0000”。只要将0或1映射后的四个比特代表的数值不同即可。当然地，如果第二TC帧对应于311Mbps、1244Mbps或其他低于2.488Gbps的速率时，第二TC帧的比特位宽是第一TC帧的整数倍，比如8倍、2倍。对应地，比特映射的具体实现方式是采用8个比特来标识一个比特，如比特“1”映射为“11110000”，将比特“0”映射为“00001111”；或者用2个比特来标识一个比特，比如将比特“1”映射为“11”，将比特“0” 映射为“00”。
在本发明实施例中，具体而言，对于GPON来说，第三TC帧和第一TC帧长共38880字节，将该38880字节作为一个整体由OLT的MAC模块传输至光发射机，通过光发射机发射到所述多个ONU。
本领域普通技术人员应理解，对XGPON系统来说，对第二TC帧进行比特映射，其原理及过程同上述对GPON系统的介绍，本领域普通技术人员在不经过创造性的劳动基础上，可以根据上述对GPON的介绍，了解XGPON系统是如何进行比特映射的。
应理解，对于XG-PON来说，第三TC帧和第一TC帧长共155520字节，将该155520字节作为一个整体由OLT的MAC模块传输至光发射机，通过光发射机发射到所述多个ONU。
在本发明实施例中，优选地，所述第一TC帧的帧长为239字节的整数倍。具体而言，在GPON系统中，如果第一TC帧长为239字节的整数倍，本发明实施例可以简化第一TC帧的FEC编码流程，使得接收速率为2.488Gbps的ONU在处理FEC解码时与现有技术方案保持一致。
在本发明实施例中，优选地，所述第一TC帧长为248字节的整数倍。具体而言，在XG-PON系统中，如果第一TC帧的帧长为248字节的整数倍。本发明可以简化第一TC帧的FEC编码流程，使得接收速率为10Gbps的ONU在处理FEC解码时与现有技术方案保持一致。
优选地，在步骤302之前，所述方法还包括：
S301a、对所述第二TC帧进行扰码。
具体地，通过上一个第二TC帧中的Alen字段的值，计算当前第二TC帧所采用的扰码模式(Scramble Pattern，简称为SP)，其中Alen字段用于指示第二TC帧的帧长。具体扰码的方法，可以参照现有技术存在的扰码技术，这里不再赘述。
优选地，在步骤302之前，所述方法还包括：
S301b、对第二TC帧进行第一编码。
具体地，该第一编码可以使用里所码(Reed-solomon codes，RS) RS(255,239)编码，或者RS(248,216)编码、或者低密度奇偶校验码(Low Density Parity Check Code，简称为LDPC)编码、或者级联前向纠错编码(Forward Error Code，简称为FEC)编码，或者其他现有技术记载的FEC编码，如果采用高阶的编码方式，可以带来编码增益，这里不再赘述。
优选地，在步骤303之前，所述方法还包括：
S301c、对第三TC帧插入伪GEM帧帧头。该步骤的有益效果是可以使得原ONU(原ONU指的是在GPON系统中的接收速率为2.488Gbps的ONU，或者在XGPON中接收速率为10Gbps的ONU)在接收第三TC帧时不产生GEM帧丢失(Loss of GEM channel delineation，简称为LCDG)告警。
具体地，步骤S301c具体包括：
S301c1、对第三TC帧插入占位符。
所谓占位符是指先占住某特定的位置，然后再往该特定位置上添加具体的内容。为说明方便，对于GPON系统而言，命名接收速率为2.488Gbps的ONU为原ONU，接收低于2.488Gbps的ONU为新ONU。在第三TC帧中按照特定规则插入伪GEM(Pseudo GEM，简称为PGEM)帧帧头。
其中，该伪GEM帧的帧结构如图6所示。伪GEM为5字节的GEM帧头加上X字节的填充(X为大于或等于0的整数，可以由OLT自由设置)，伪GEM帧负载的长度为L字节。伪GEM帧头中PLI(PayloadLength Indicator，帧长度指示符)字段的值为L+X字节。待插入的伪GEM帧头的GEM Port-ID设置为一特定ID，以使得原ONU在接收到携带该特定Port-ID的伪GEM帧头后，不能识别该Port-ID，而直接丢弃该伪GEM帧头而不去解析；新ONU在接收到添加伪GEM帧头的第三GTC帧后，能够丢弃伪GEM帧头而保留第三GTC帧的内容。
具体地，在第一TC帧之后、第三TC帧之前插入第1个伪GEM帧头的占位符，构造第1个伪GEM帧，然后以此类推，构造第2个伪GEM帧。L的取值需满足：在伪GEM帧头内PLI字段的最大值、 未封装到伪GEM帧的第三TC帧按第一FEC编码估算的帧长之间取较小值，并且要求整个伪GEM帧长的取值，即L+X+5，为第一FEC编码的码字长度的整数倍。所述整个伪GEM帧包括插入的伪GEM帧头、比特映射后的第三TC帧片段，第一FEC编码的校验位。所述第三TC帧片段为将第三TC帧按照第一FEC码字的数据净荷长度进行切片，最后一片可能不足一个码字的净荷长度，其FEC可以参考现有缩短码字的处理。
S301c2、对插入占位符后的第三TC帧进行扰码。
S301c3、采用伪GEM帧头填充所述占位符。
使用伪GEM帧头代替其占位符，对伪GEM帧头、加扰的第三TC帧分片进行BIP计算，其结果用于下一个第一TC帧的BIP值计算。
优选地，所述方法还包括：
S301d、对第一TC帧和插入伪GEM帧头后的第三TC帧进行第二编码，所述第二编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。该步骤S301d的有益效果是可以使得原ONU在接收第三TC帧时不产生FEC告警。
优选地，所述方法还包括：
S301e、对经过第二编码后的第一TC帧和第三TC帧做第三次扰码处理。
本发明实施例通过在发送侧提供一种成帧的方法，该成帧的方法中的第二TC帧对应线路速率低于第一TC帧的线路速率，因此，使得接收侧的接收机速率降低以及接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。
实施例二
下面结合图7，对本发明实施例提供的一种无源光网络成帧的方法进行详细描述。如图7所示，图7示出了本发明实施例提供一种成帧的方法700，所述方法700包括：
S701，分别生成第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，所述第一TC帧的下 行速率为2.488Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数。
S702，对第二TC帧进行第一编码。其中，第一编码可以使用RS(255,239)，也可以使用其他编码方式，如RS(255,151)编码、RS(248,216)编码、LDPC编码、级联FEC编码，或者其他现有技术中存在的FEC编码，这里不再赘述。
步骤703，对第二TC帧进行扰码。扰码的处理同现有技术的处理相同，即通过上一个第二TC帧中的Alen域的值，计算当前第二TC帧所采用的扰码模式(Scramble Pattern，简称为SP)。
步骤704，对第二TC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射是指将第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识。具体地，第二TC帧对应于2.488Gbps的1/N的速率。以第二TC帧为622Mbps的线路速率为例，为了准确定时，第二TC帧的比特位宽是第一TC帧的N倍，如本发明实施例所示的，第二TC帧的速率为622Mbps，共占字节数为5000字节(基于假设第一帧长为60.7微秒，第二帧长为64.3微秒计算得出)。由于现有的OLT的发射机的下行处理速率为2.488Gbps，因为第二TC帧在发射前，需要进行比特映射，即将速率为622Mbps的下行帧映射为速率为2.488Gbps的下行帧。映射后的第三TC帧长为5000*4＝20000字节，使得第一TC帧和第三TC帧的总字节数为18880+20000＝38880字节，正好为现有技术GPON的GTC帧所占字节数。
步骤705，对第三TC帧插入占位符。
步骤706，对插入占位符后的第三TC帧进行第二次扰码。
步骤707，用伪GEM帧头填充对应的占位符。
步骤708，对第一TC帧和插入伪GEM帧头后的第三TC帧整体进行第二编码，其中，第二编码可以使用RS(255,239)，也可以使用其他编码方式，如RS(255,151)编码、RS(248,216)编码、LDPC编码、级联FEC编码，或者其他现有技术中存在的FEC编码，这里不再赘述。
关于步骤705～步骤708的具体介绍，请参照实施例一的描述，这里不 再赘述。
步骤709，对进行第二编码后的第一TC帧和第三TC帧进行扰码。
步骤710，将扰码后的第一TC帧和第三TC帧作为一个整体发送至ONU。
还应理解，在本发明的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本发明实施例通过在发送侧提供一种成帧的方法，该成帧的方法中的第二TC帧对应线路速率低于第一TC帧的线路速率，因此，使得接收侧的接收机速率降低以及接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。
实施例三
图8示出了本发明实施例提供的一种无源光网络解帧的方法800示意性流程图，该方法800可以应用在GPON或XG-PON中，当应用在GPON系统中，由接收速率为2.488Gbps的ONU执行；当应用在XG-PON系统中，由接收速率为10Gbps的ONU执行。如图8所示，该方法800包括：
S801、接收下行数据流，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，第一TC帧的下行速率遵循标准G.984.3或G.987的规定，即为2.488Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数。
S802、与第一TC帧进行同步。
S803、解析所述第一TC帧。
优选地，所述N的取值为2、4、8之一。
优选地，所述第二TC帧的帧头间隔也为125微秒。
可选地，所述方法800还包括：
S801a，解扰码所述第一TC帧。
可选地，所述方法800还包括：
S801b、解码所述第一TC帧。
可选地，所述方法800还包括：
S801c，丢弃所述第二TC帧。
在本发明实施例中，具体而言，所述与第一TC帧同步包括：
根据第一TC帧中PCBd中的Psync字段，与所述第一TC帧同步；具体如何根据Psync与第一TC帧进行同步，请参照现有技术的描述，这里不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员应理解，ONU的光接收机从线路上接收到OLT发送的数据流，并将该数据流传输至ONU的MAC模块进行处理，本发明实施例提供的解帧的方法具体由ONU的MAC模块进行处理。
应理解，本发明实施例提供的一种解帧的方法与本发明另一实施例提供的一种成帧的方法为对应的接收侧的和发送侧。当在发送侧进行了扰码，相应地要在接收侧要进行解扰码，其中，解扰码与扰码是互逆的操作，关于扰码或解扰码的具体技术请参照现有技术的描述，这里不再赘述。
应理解，本发明实施例提供的一种解帧的方法与本发明另一实施例提供的一种成帧的方法为对应的接收侧和发送侧。如果在发送侧进行了编码，相应地在接收侧要进行解码处理，解码与编码是互逆操作。
在本发明实施例中，具体而言，所述丢弃第二TC帧具体包括：
根据伪GEM帧帧头的端口标识Port-ID字段，丢弃所述第二TC帧。本领域普通技术人员应理解，MAC模块根据GEM帧帧头中的端口标识Port ID对GEM进行读取，由于伪GEM帧中的Port ID不属于任何ONU，所以ONU不能解析，直接丢弃。具体而言，ONU的MAC模块确认所述Port-ID与ONU本地记录的Port-ID不相同时，丢弃该伪GEM帧头以及伪GEM帧头后的第二TC帧。
本发明实施例通过在发送侧提供一种解帧的方法，该解帧的方法中的第二TC帧对应线路速率低于第一TC帧的线路速率，因此与现有技术相比，接收侧的接收机速率降低以及接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。
实施例四
图9示出了本发明实施例提供的另一个无源光网络解帧的方法900的示意性流程图，该方法900可以应用在GPON或XG-PON中，当应用在GPON系统中，由接收速率为2.488Gbps的1/N的ONU执行；当应用在 XG-PON系统中，由接收速率为10Gbps的1/N的ONU执行。如图9所示，该方法900包括：
S901、接收下行数据流。其中，所述下行数据流包括第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数。
S902、获取第二TC帧。
S903、对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射还原，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射还原是指将所述第二TC帧中的每N个比特还原为1个比特；
S904、解析所述第三TC帧。
可选地，所述方法900还包括：
S902a，解扰码所述第二TC帧。
可选地，所述方法900还包括：
S902b，解码所述第二TC帧。
在本发明实施例中，具体而言，ONU的光接收机接收下行数据流，并将所述下行数据流传输至ONU的MAC模块进行处理，MAC模块接收所述下行数据流后进行解析，当识别到第二TC帧PCBd字段中的Psync字段时，与所述第二TC帧进行同步。
所述获取第二TC帧，具体包括：根据第二TC帧的PCBd字段中的Alen字段指示的第二TC帧的帧长信息，从接收的第二TC帧中移除伪GEM帧头，获取第二TC帧。
本领域普通技术人员应当理解，在发送侧第二TC帧进行比特映射，在接收侧需要还原第二TC帧，即比特映射与比特映射还原是互逆的操作。
本领域普通技术人员应理解，本发明实施例提供的一种解帧的方法与本发明另一实施例提供的一种成帧的方法为对应的接收侧的和发送侧。在发送侧进行了扰码，相应地在接收侧要进行解扰码，其中，解扰码与扰码是互逆的操作，关于扰码或解扰码的具体细节请参照现有技术的描述，这里不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员应理解，本发明实施例提供的一种解帧的方法与 本发明另一实施例提供的一种成帧的方法为对应的接收侧和发送侧。如果在发送侧进行了编码，相应地在接收侧要进行解码处理，解码与编码是互逆操作。
本发明实施例通过在接收侧提供一种解帧的方法，该解帧的方法中的第二TC帧对应线路速率低于第一TC帧的线路速率，因此，接收侧的接收机速率降低以及接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。
实施例五
图10示出了本发明实施例提供的一种无源光网络成帧的装置结构示意图，参照图10，所述装置1000包括：
生成模块1010，用于分别生成第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，所述第一TC帧的下行速率遵循标准G.984.3或者G.987.3的规定，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；
映射模块1020，用于对第二TC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，其中，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识；
发送模块1030，用于将第一TC帧和第三TC帧发送至光网络单元ONU。
可选地，所述装置1000还包括扰码模块1040，所述扰码模块1040用于对所述第二TC帧进行扰码。
可选地，所述装置1000还包括编码模块1050，所述编码模块1050用于对第二TC帧进行第一编码，所述第一编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
可选地，所述装置1000还包括处理模块1060，所述处理模块1060用于对第三TC帧插入伪GEM帧头。
具体而言，所述处理模块1060具体用于：
对第三TC帧插入占位符。
对插入占位符后的第三TC帧进行扰码。
采用伪GEM帧头填充所述占位符。
可选地，所述编码模块1050还用于对第一TC帧和所述插入伪GEM帧头后的第三TC帧进行第二编码，所述第二编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
可选地，所述扰码模块1040还用于对经过第二编码后的第一TC帧和第三TC帧扰码。
需要说明的是,该实施例五中的各个模块执行的具体动作就是上文方法实施例一或二中的各个步骤，达到的效果也一样，具体内容不再赘述。
通过本发明实施例提供的无源光网络成帧的装置，该装置生成的第二TC帧对应的线路速率低于第一TC帧的线路速率，与现有技术相比，使得接收侧的接收机速率降低以及接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。
具体而言，所述成帧的装置可以是OLT的MAC处理模块，比如，MAC处理模块可以采用现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array，简称为FPGA)，或者采用专用集成芯片(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，简称为ASIC)，或者采用系统芯片(System on Chip，简称为SoC)，或者采用中央处理器(Central Processor Unit，简称为CPU)，或者采用网络处理器(Network Processor，简称为NP)，或者采用数字信号处理电路(Digital Signal Processor，简称为DSP)，或者采用微控制器(Micro Controller Unit，简称为MCU)，或者采用可编程控制器(Programmable Logic Device，简称为PLD)或其他集成芯片。
图11示出了本发明实施提供的一种成帧的装置1100结构示意图，参照图11所示，所述装置1100包括处理器1110、存储器1120、通信总线1130和通信接口1140。处理器1110、存储器1120和通信接口1140之间通过通信总线1140连接并完成相互间的通信。该总线4013可以是工业标准体系结构(Industry Standard Architecture，简称为ISA)总线、外部设备互连(Peripheral Component，简称为PCI)总线或扩展工业标准体系结构(Extended Industry Standard Architecture，简称为EISA)总线等。该总线4013可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图11中 仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。其中：处理器1110可能为单核或多核中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，简称为CPU)，或者为特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，简称为ASIC)，或者为被配置成实施本发明实施例的一个或多个集成电路。该存储器1120可以是只读存储器ROM或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器RAM或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器EEPROM、只读光盘CD-ROM或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器1120用于计算机执行指令。具体的，计算机执行指令中可以包括程序代码。
当计算机运行时，处理器1110运行计算机执行指令，具体地，所述处理器1110用于执行如实施例一或实施例二所述的方法步骤。
具体而言，所述成帧的装置是OLT的MAC处理模块，比如，MAC处理模块可以采用现场可编程门阵列，或者采用专用集成芯片，或者采用系统芯片，或者采用中央处理器，或者采用网络处理器，或者采用数字信号处理电路，或者采用微控制器，或者采用可编程控制器或其他集成芯片。
实施例六
图12示出了本发明实施例提供的一种无源光网络解帧的装置结构示意图，参照图12，所述装置1200包括：
接收模块1210，用于接收下行数据流，其中，所述所述下行数据流包括第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数。
同步模块1220，用于与第一TC帧进行同步。
解析模块1230，用于解析所述第一TC帧。
可选地，所述装置1200还包括解扰模块1240，所述解扰模块1240用于解扰码所述第一TC帧。
可选地，所述装置1200还包括解码模块1250，用于对所述第一TC 帧进行第一解码。
可选地，所述装置1200还包括丢弃模块1260，用于丢弃所述第二TC帧。
在本发明实施例中，具体而言，所述与第一TC帧同步包括：
接收所述下行数据流并解析，根据第一TC帧中PCBd中的Psync字段，与所述第一TC帧同步；具体如何根据Psync与第一TC帧进行同步，请参照现有技术的描述，这里不再赘述。
具体而言，所述丢弃模块1260，具体用于：
根据伪GEM帧的端口标识Port-ID字段，对所述第二TC帧进行丢弃。更为具体地，当确认所述Port-ID与ONU本地记录的端口标识不相同时，丢弃携带该Port-ID的伪GEM帧以及伪GEM帧后的第二TC帧。
本领域普通技术人员应理解，ONU的光接收机从线路上接收到OLT发送的数据流，并将该数据流传输至ONU的MAC模块进行处理，本发明实施例提供的解帧的方法具体由ONU的MAC模块进行处理。
应理解，本发明实施例提供的一种解帧的装置与本发明另一实施例提供的一种成帧的装置为对应的接收侧的和发送侧。当在发送侧进行了扰码，相应地在接收侧要进行解扰码，其中，解扰码与扰码是互逆的操作，关于扰码或解扰码的具体技术请参照现有技术的描述，这里不再赘述。
需要说明的是,该实施例六中的各个模块执行的具体动作就是上文方法实施例三中的各个步骤，达到的效果也一样，具体内容不再赘述。
图13示出了本发明实施提供的一种解帧的装置1300结构示意图，参照图13所示，所述装置1300包括处理器1310、存储器1320、通信总线1330和通信接口1340。处理器1310、存储器1320和通信接口1340之间通过通信总线1330连接并完成相互间的通信。处理器1310可能为单核或多核中央处理单元，或者为特定集成电路，或者为被配置成实施本发明实施例的一个或多个集成电路。存储器1320可以为高速RAM存储器，也可以为非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如闪存flash，或至少一个磁盘存储器。存储器1320用于计算机执行指令。具体的，计算机执行指令中可以包括程序代码。
当计算机运行时，处理器1310运行计算机执行指令，具体地，所述 处理器1310用于执行如方法实施例三所述的方法步骤。
具体到物理实体上，所述解帧的装置可以采用现场可编程门阵列，或者采用专用集成芯片，或者采用系统芯片，或者采用中央处理器，或者采用网络处理器，或者采用数字信号处理电路，或者采用微控制器，或者采用可编程控制器或其他集成芯片。
本发明实施例通过在接收侧提供一种解帧的装置，该装置接收的下行数据流中的第二TC帧对应线路速率低于第一TC帧的线路速率，因此，相对于现有技术的下行速率来说，本发明实施例中接收侧的接收机速率降低、接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。
实施例七
图14示出了本发明实施提供的另一个无源光网络解帧的装置1400的结构示意图，该装置1400可以应用在GPON或XG-PON中，当应用在GPON系统中，是2.488Gbps的ONU的MAC模块；当应用在XG-PON系统中，由10Gbps的ONU的MAC模块。如图14所示，该装置1400包括：
接收模块1410，用于接收下行数据流。其中，所述下行数据流包括第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps或者10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数。
获取模块1420，用于获取第二TC帧。
还原模块1430，用于对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射还原，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射还原是指将所述第二TC帧中的每N个比特还原为1个比特。
解析模块1440，用于解析第三TC帧。
可选地，所述装置还包括解扰模块1450，所述解扰模块1450用于对所述第二TC帧进行解扰码。
可选地，所述装置还包括解码模块1460，所述解码模块1460还用于对所述第二TC帧进行解码。
在本发明实施例中，具体而言，ONU的光接收机接收下行数据流，并将所述下行数据流传输至ONU的MAC模块进行处理，接收模块1410接收所述下行数据流后进行，当识别到第二TC帧PCBd字段中的Psync字段 时，与所述第二TC帧进行同步。
具体地，所述获取模块1430具体用于，根据第二TC帧的PCBd中的Alen字段标识的第二TC帧的帧长信息，丢掉伪GEM帧、FEC校验数据和第一TC帧，获取第二TC帧。
本领域普通技术人员应当理解，在发送侧第二TC帧进行比特映射，在接收侧需要还原第二TC帧，即比特映射与比特映射还原是互逆的操作。
需要说明的是,该实施例七中的各个模块执行的具体动作就是上文方法实施例四中的各个步骤，达到的效果也一样，具体内容不再赘述。
图15示出了本发明实施提供的一种解帧的装置1500结构示意图，参照图15所示，所述装置1500包括处理器1510、存储器1520、通信总线1530和通信接口1540。处理器1510、存储器1520和通信接口1540之间通过通信总线1530连接并完成相互间的通信。处理器1510可能为单核或多核中央处理单元，或者为特定集成电路，或者为被配置成实施本发明实施例的一个或多个集成电路。存储器1520可以为高速RAM存储器，也可以为非易失性存储器，例如闪存flash，或至少一个磁盘存储器。存储器1520用于计算机执行指令。具体的，计算机执行指令中可以包括程序代码。
当计算机运行时，处理器1510运行计算机执行指令，具体地，所述处理器1510用于执行如方法实施例三所述的方法步骤。
具体到物理实体上，所述解帧的装置可以采用现场可编程门阵列，或者采用专用集成芯片，或者采用系统芯片，或者采用中央处理器，或者采用网络处理器，或者采用数字信号处理电路，或者采用微控制器，或者采用可编程控制器或其他集成芯片。
本发明实施例通过在接收侧提供一种解帧的装置，该装置接收的下行数据流中的第二TC帧对应线路速率低于第一TC帧的线路速率，因此，相对于现有技术的下行速率来说，本发明实施例中接收侧的接收机速率降低、接收机的带宽变窄，进而降低了光链路损耗，从而可以提高光功率预算。
实施例八
本发明实施例提供一种无源光网络PON系统，其中该PON系统包括OLT和第一ONU和第二ONU，所述OLT与第一ONU、第二ONU通过ODN相连，如图2或3所示，所述系统具体包括：
所述OLT用于分别生成第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；对第二TC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识；将所述第一TC帧和所述第三TC帧发送至所述第一ONU和第二ONU。
所述第一ONU用于接收所述第一TC帧和第三TC帧，与第一TC帧进行同步；解析第一TC帧。
所述第二ONU用于接收所述第一TC帧和第三TC帧，获取第三TC帧；对所述第三TC帧进行比特映射还原，生成第二TC帧，解析第二TC帧。
应理解，本发明实施例八是相对于上述实施例1～7的系统类实施例，对实施例1～7的描述，当然也适用本发明实施例，对于技术细节的描述，请参照实施例1～7的记载，这里不再赘述。
另外，本文中术语“系统”和“网络”在本文中常被可互换使用。本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上 述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本发明实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种无源光网络成帧的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    分别生成第一传输汇聚TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps或者10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，所述第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；
    对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射，生成第三TC帧，其中，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识；
    将所述第一TC帧和所述第三TC帧发送至光网络单元ONU。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    对所述第二TC帧进行第一编码，所述第一编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    对所述第二TC帧进行扰码。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    对所述第三TC帧插入伪无源光网络封装方法GEM帧头。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对第三TC帧插入伪无源光网络封装方法GEM帧头，具体包括：
    对所述第三TC帧插入占位符；
    对所述插入占位符后的第三TC帧进行扰码；
    采用伪GEM帧头填充所述占位符。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    对第一TC帧和所述插入伪GEM帧头后的第三TC帧进行第二编码，所述第二编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    对经过第二编码后的所述第一TC帧和所述第三TC帧进行扰码。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二TC帧的下行物理控制块PCBd字段包括用于指示第二TC帧帧长的字段。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一TC帧的帧长为239字节的整数倍。
  10. 根据权利要求1～8任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一TC帧的帧长为248字节的整数倍。
  11. 一种无源光网络解帧的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    接收下行数据流，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；
    获取第二TC帧；
    对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射还原，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射还原是指将所述第二TC帧中的每N个比特还原为1个比特；
    解析所述第三TC帧。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    解扰码所述第二TC帧。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    解码所述第二TC帧。
  14. 根据权利要求11～13任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取第二TC帧，具体包括：
    根据所述第二TC帧的下行物理控制块PCBd字段指示的第二TC帧的帧长信息，从接收的第二TC帧中移除伪吉比特无源光网络封装方法GEM帧，获取第二TC帧。
  15. 一种用于成帧的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    生成模块，用于分别生成第一吉比特无源光网络传输汇聚TC帧和第二TC帧，其中，所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps 或者10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；
    映射模块，用于对所述第二TC帧中的比特进行映射，生成第三TC帧，其中，所述比特映射是指将所述第二TC帧的每一个比特采用N个比特来标识；
    发射模块，用于对所述第一TC帧和所述第三TC帧发送至光网络单元ONU。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括编码模块，所述编码模块用于对所述第二TC帧进行第一编码，所述第一编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括扰码模块，所述扰码模块用于对所述第二TC帧进行扰码。
  18. 根据权利要求15～17任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    处理模块，用于对所述第三TC帧插入伪吉比特无源光网络封装方法GEM帧头。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块具体用于：
    对第三TC帧插入占位符；
    对插入占位符后的第三TC帧进行扰码；
    采用伪GEM帧头填充所述占位符。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述编码模块还用于对第一TC帧和所述插入伪GEM帧头后的第三TC帧进行第二编码，所述第二编码是里所码RS(255,239)，或者RS(248,216)，或者低密度奇偶校验码LDPC编码，或者级联FEC编码的一种。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的装置，其特征在于，所述扰码模块还用于对经过第二编码后的所述第一TC帧和所述第三TC帧进行扰码。
  22. 根据权利要求15～21任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所 述第二TC帧的物理控制块PCB字段包括用于指示第二TC帧帧长的字段。
  23. 一种用于解帧的装置，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    接收模块，用于接收下行数据流，其中，所述下行数据流包括第一传输所述第一TC帧的下行速率为2.488吉比特每秒Gbps或10Gbps，第二TC帧的下行速率为第一TC帧的下行速率的1/N，第一TC帧和第二TC帧帧长之和为125微秒，N为大于1的整数；
    获取模块，用于获取第二TC帧；
    还原模块，用于对所述第二TC帧进行比特映射还原，生成第三TC帧，所述比特映射还原是指将所述第二TC帧中的每N个比特还原为1个比特；
    解析模块，用于解析所述第三TC帧。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括解扰模块，用于对所述第二TC帧进行解扰码。
  25. 根据权利要求23或24所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括解码模块，用于对所述第二TC帧进行解码。
  26. 根据权利要求23～25任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述获取模块具体用于：根据所述第二TC帧的下行物理控制块PCBd中的Alen字段标识的第二TC帧的帧长信息，丢掉伪GEM帧，获取第二TC帧。
  27. 一种无源光网络系统，包括光线路终端OLT和光网络单元ONU，所述OLT通过光配线网络ODN与所述ONU相连，其特征在于，所述光线路终端为权利要求15～22任意一项所述的装置，所述ONU为权利要求23～26任意一项所述的装置。
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