WO2016192491A1 - 机器类型通信的方法、终端以及基站 - Google Patents

机器类型通信的方法、终端以及基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016192491A1
WO2016192491A1 PCT/CN2016/080338 CN2016080338W WO2016192491A1 WO 2016192491 A1 WO2016192491 A1 WO 2016192491A1 CN 2016080338 W CN2016080338 W CN 2016080338W WO 2016192491 A1 WO2016192491 A1 WO 2016192491A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
base station
information
polling instruction
resource
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/080338
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐海
曾元清
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Original Assignee
Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd filed Critical Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority to EP16802414.9A priority Critical patent/EP3282775B1/en
Priority to US15/573,140 priority patent/US10455498B2/en
Priority to JP2017560904A priority patent/JP6746616B2/ja
Priority to KR1020177033380A priority patent/KR20180013889A/ko
Publication of WO2016192491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016192491A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US16/565,893 priority patent/US10952138B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/06—Authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W60/00—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/30—Connection release
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/04—Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and, more particularly, to a method, a terminal, and a base station for machine type communication.
  • the traditional mobile communication network is mainly aimed at voice communication between people.
  • MTC Machine Type Communication
  • 5G next-generation mobile communication network
  • 5G next-generation mobile communication network
  • 5G will not only support traditional voice data communication with human-oriented objects, but also include MTC applications in various scenarios, such as industry, agriculture, intelligent transportation, and intelligence.
  • Various intelligent monitoring such as home, smart meter reading and earthquake tsunami fire monitoring.
  • the MTC for large-scale application will present a series of new requirements for wireless communication technology because the application scenario is very different from the traditional mobile communication system.
  • monitoring sensor-type devices are widely deployed and battery-powered, with low-cost, low-power, large-cycle small packet transmission, and insensitive delay; for industrial production, vehicle networking, and intelligent transportation.
  • Machine communication requires extremely low latency, high reliability and high availability to ensure proper operation.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a terminal, and a base station for machine type communication, which can reduce the complexity and power consumption of machine type communication.
  • a method of machine type communication comprising:
  • the terminal receives a polling instruction sent by the base station
  • the terminal registers on the first access resource indicated by the polling instruction
  • the terminal transmits registration information to the base station.
  • a method of machine type communication comprising:
  • the base station sends a polling instruction to the terminal, so that the terminal registers on the first access resource indicated by the polling instruction;
  • the base station receives registration information sent by the terminal.
  • a terminal including:
  • a receiving unit configured to receive a polling instruction sent by the base station
  • a processing unit configured to register on the first access resource indicated by the polling instruction received by the receiving unit
  • a sending unit configured to send registration information to the base station.
  • a base station including:
  • a sending unit configured to send a polling instruction to the terminal, so that the terminal registers on the first access resource indicated by the polling instruction;
  • a receiving unit configured to receive registration information sent by the terminal.
  • a terminal including:
  • a receiver configured to receive a polling instruction sent by the base station
  • a processor configured to register on a first access resource indicated by the polling instruction received by the receiver
  • a transmitter configured to send registration information to the base station.
  • a base station including:
  • a transmitter configured to send a polling instruction to the terminal, so that the terminal registers on the first access resource indicated by the polling instruction;
  • a receiver configured to receive registration information sent by the terminal.
  • the terminal completes registration according to the polling instruction sent by the base station, and the process is simple and consistent, which can reduce the complexity and power consumption of the machine type communication, and further reduce the deployment cost of the MTC system and prolong the use time of the battery powered device. .
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of machine type communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of machine type communication in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of machine type communication in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a terminal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of a terminal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a base station in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a base station in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MTC may also be referred to as Machine to Machine (M2M) communication.
  • M2M Machine to Machine
  • the MTC includes not only inter-machine communication, but also human-computer interaction communication.
  • the base station in the embodiment of the present invention may be any device with a base station function, for example,
  • the NodeB in the third generation mobile communication system (3G) may be an evolved base station (Evolutional Node B, eNB or eNodeB) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the fourth generation mobile communication system (4G). It can be a node with base station function in the future 5G, and so on.
  • the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the terminal in the embodiment of the present invention refers to an MTC terminal, which may also be referred to as an MTC device, and may be, for example, a smart phone, a smart meter, a smart wearable device, or the like.
  • MTC terminal which may also be referred to as an MTC device
  • the invention is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of machine type communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a base station 10, a terminal 20, and a network device 30.
  • the network device 30 may be any one of the following: a radio access network, a user identity data server (such as a Home Location Register (HLR)), an authentication server, and an MTC service subscription server.
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • the method shown in Figure 1 includes:
  • the base station 10 transmits the cell broadcast information in the form of a broadcast.
  • the base station 10 can periodically broadcast the cell broadcast information.
  • the cell broadcast information may include basic parameters of the cell, and the basic parameters of the cell may include at least one of the following: a cell identifier (ID), a cell frequency point, a cell frequency bandwidth, an antenna number, a cell transmission environment type, and a cell resource.
  • ID cell identifier
  • SFN system frame number
  • the type of the cell transmission environment may be one of an indoor, a dense urban, an urban, a sub-urban, and a rural.
  • the system frames can be equal in length or unequal in length.
  • this information can be broadcasted once to i-1 times in system frames numbered R-i to R-1 in order to ensure reliable reception of the terminal.
  • the cell broadcast information may also include multiple weights (also referred to as weighting coefficients).
  • the plurality of weights are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of judgments, and the judgment basis is the basis for the terminal 20 to determine whether to initiate registration.
  • the plurality of weights may be determined by the base station 10 according to factors such as the MTC service characteristics, system resource usage, and the like. Specifically, regarding the weight and the content of the terminal 20 determining whether to initiate registration, refer to the related description in the subsequent S103.
  • the cell broadcast information may be that the base station 10 uses the dedicated frequency that does not carry data. Transmitted below the preset transmit power broadcast.
  • the dedicated frequency here may be a lower frequency band that does not carry data, for example, lower than the lowest frequency used by existing 2/3/4G systems.
  • the pre-set transmit power here may be the maximum transmit power used by the macro base station in the existing 2/3/4G system. This enables deep coverage (which can include indoor scenarios), saves radio resources (which are smaller in coverage) that actually carry data services, and can achieve direct coordination of multiple cells.
  • the cell broadcast information may also be transmitted in a large area including a plurality of communication base stations, such as a macro base station or a system central/area scheduler, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the cell broadcast information may also be sent by the base station 10 on a preset frequency of the operator by using a preset transmit power.
  • the preset frequency is 150M Hz and the preset transmit power is 25W.
  • the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the terminal located in the cell where the base station 10 is located can receive the cell broadcast information, and even the terminal located outside the cell where the base station 10 is located can receive the cell broadcast information.
  • the terminal 20 searches for cell broadcast information after powering on, and the terminal 20 may receive cell broadcast information respectively sent by multiple base stations. Further, the terminal 20 can correctly receive subsequent messages according to the received cell broadcast information.
  • the cell broadcast information may include a transmission location of the polling command such that the terminal 20 may subsequently receive a polling command at the transmitting location.
  • the base station sends a polling command.
  • the base station may transmit the polling instruction in a broadcast form periodically or non-periodically.
  • the polling command may be determined by the base station 10 according to factors such as the usage of the cell resource, the service requirement of the machine type communication, and the like.
  • the usage of the cell resource may include a cell load, a usage of the cell access resource, and the like.
  • the terminal 20 receives the polling instruction at the transmission location.
  • the polling instruction may indicate multiple access resources for use by the unregistered terminal.
  • the access resource may also be referred to as a registered time-frequency resource or a registration window, and refers to a registration window allocated by the base station 10 that can be used by an unregistered terminal. It can be understood that the location of the registration window is also the location of the access resource.
  • the specific location of the registration window and the number of wireless resources available for registration by the terminal within the registration window The type and type are indicated by a polling instruction.
  • the access resources may also be referred to as slots.
  • the base station 10 may allocate slots of different sizes according to the distance of the terminal from the base station, the loss of the wireless signal transmission path, and the like. The size of the slots can be adjusted in time and/or frequency.
  • Each of the plurality of access resources may include location information and number information.
  • the base station 10 may number the access resources according to the type, for example, a larger one is called a long access resource (also called a long slot), and a common access resource is called a normal access resource. For normal slot). That is, the multiple access resources include multiple long access resources and multiple common access resources.
  • the access resources indicated by the polling instruction can be numbered as follows: long slot: 1...L, normal slot: 1...N. Where L is the number of long access resources; N is the number of common access resources.
  • the location information and the number information of the access resource may have a corresponding relationship, for example, the location and the number are associated in some manner, such as being adjacent or spaced in frequency at the same time point; or on the same frequency, temporally consecutive or Interval; or time/frequency is two-dimensionally distributed, such as the so-called staggered method. In this way, information in the time domain and the frequency domain can be determined based on the location information and the number information.
  • the polling instruction may also indicate the number of access resources and resource usage in the last poll.
  • the resource usage may be one of FULL, HIGH, MEDIUM, and LOW, or the percentage of resources used or the percentage of remaining resources.
  • the polling instruction may also indicate a feedback resource for feedback by the terminal that does not register.
  • the polling instruction may indicate a dedicated access resource for access by the high service priority terminal using the dedicated access resource.
  • the terminal 20 registers according to the polling instruction.
  • the terminal 20 If the polling instruction indicates a dedicated access resource, and the terminal 20 is a terminal with a high service priority (determined by the service subscription information of the terminal), the terminal 20 directly registers using the dedicated access resource.
  • the terminal 20 should first select one of the plurality of base stations to register, assuming that the selected one of the base stations is the base station 10.
  • the terminal 20 receives multiple cell broadcast information sent by multiple base stations in S101, and receives multiple polling commands sent by multiple base stations in S102. Then, in S103, the terminal 20 calculates according to the above information. Transmission path loss with each of a plurality of base stations, and further roots According to a transmission path loss between each of the plurality of base stations, one base station is selected from the plurality of base stations for registration.
  • the method for calculating the transmission loss between the terminal 20 and the base station 10 is as follows:
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the cell broadcast information sent by the base station 10 in S101 includes indication information of downlink transmit power.
  • the downlink transmit power is the transmit power of the total transmit power of the cell and a sequence of known content and length of time (such as a common reference signal or a beacon signal) at a certain time and frequency position.
  • a sequence of known content and length of time such as a common reference signal or a beacon signal
  • geographically adjacent different base stations use different time and frequency positions to transmit respective sequences, which can reduce interference between different base stations. That is, different base stations can use different sequences.
  • the received power estimation may be performed, thereby determining the actual received power of the terminal 20 receiving the cell broadcast information.
  • the terminal 20 can calculate the transmission path loss between the terminal 20 and the base station 10 according to the downlink transmission power and the actual received power. Specifically, the terminal 20 may perform calculation according to the difference between the downlink transmit power and the actual received power.
  • the terminal 20 may receive the cell broadcast information multiple times and smooth the multiple estimated transmission path losses.
  • the terminal 20 may use the received indication information of the downlink transmission power of another base station adjacent to the base station 10 to perform interference cancellation on the calculated transmission path loss, thereby further improving accuracy.
  • the terminal 20 can determine the type of access resource to be used based on the transmission path loss with the base station 10. Specifically, if the transmission path loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, it is determined that the type of the access resource to be used is a long access resource, otherwise it is a normal access resource.
  • the terminal 20 selects one of the plurality of long access resources (as previously described, L). If it is determined that the type of the access resource to be used is a normal access resource, the terminal 20 then selects one of the plurality of normal access resources (N, as described above). Assuming that the selected one access resource is the first access resource, the terminal 20 can register on the first access resource afterwards.
  • the terminal 20 may use the identifier of the terminal, the cell broadcast information, and the timestamp of the terminal receiving the polling command, from the multiple long access resources or the multiple common access resources.
  • the first access resource is selected from the source.
  • the terminal 20 may generate a feature sequence by using a hash function according to the ID of the terminal, the cell broadcast information, and the timestamp of the terminal receiving the polling instruction; and determining, according to the feature sequence, the used feature.
  • the number information and the location information of the access resource determining the first access resource according to the number information and the location information of the access resource to be used.
  • the ID of the terminal may be an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI).
  • IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
  • the hash function can be a hash (HASH) function, such as MD5.
  • it may be a method using a hash function and after subsequent processing to generate a feature sequence.
  • the subsequent processing may be a cyclic shift, a random shift, and other sequences and or (XOR).
  • the terminal 20 first determines whether a registration is to be initiated.
  • the terminal 20 may be based on the system frame number in which the polling instruction in S102 is located, the system frame number searched by the terminal at power-on, the number of access resources indicated by the polling instruction in S102, and before S102. The resource usage of the last poll, etc., to determine whether to initiate registration.
  • the system frame number searched by the terminal 20 at the time of power-on may be included in the cell broadcast information.
  • the terminal 20 may set a plurality of judgment basis, and calculate a value corresponding to each judgment basis, which is called a feature value of the judgment basis. Then, the terminal 20 can calculate the judgment feature value based on the feature values on which the respective judgments are based. Therefore, the terminal 20 can determine whether to initiate registration in the current poll according to the size of the judgment feature value. Initiating registration can also be understood as initiating an access request.
  • the terminal 20 may calculate the first threshold and the second threshold by itself according to the cell broadcast information and the usage of the cell resource.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the system frame number in which the polling instruction is located in S201 and the system frame number that is searched by the terminal at the time of power-on may be used as the feature value of the first determination.
  • the number of access resources indicated by the polling instruction in S102 may be used as the feature value of the second determination.
  • the reciprocal of the resource usage ratio of the last poll before S102 can be used as the feature value of the third judgment.
  • the terminal 20 may store the number of times for indicating that the terminal 20 defers registration, and may be expressed in the form of a counter.
  • the number of deferred registrations (the value of the counter) may be used as the feature value of the fourth determination.
  • the terminal 20 can use the sum of the feature values for which each judgment is based as the judgment feature value, or the terminal 20 can use the weighted sum of the feature values for each judgment as the judgment feature value.
  • the weight of the feature value (also referred to as the weighting coefficient) of each of the determinations may be sent by the base station 10 to the terminal 20 in the cell broadcast information.
  • the base station 10 may be based on the MTC service characteristics, the resource usage rate of the cell, and the like.
  • the weights are adjusted (that is, the weights included in different cell broadcast information may be different), which can satisfy the service requirements of the system and improve the efficiency of terminal access.
  • the weight also referred to as a weighting factor
  • the terminal 20 may be determined by the terminal 20 according to factors such as the MTC service characteristics, and is not limited herein.
  • the terminal 20 can register using the foregoing method. And after the registration is successful, the counter (the number of deferred registrations) can be cleared.
  • the terminal 20 may further send the feature value according to each judgment when performing registration to the base station 10 after the registration is successful.
  • the terminal 20 can update the counter (the number of deferred registrations), that is, the counter is incremented by one.
  • the terminal 20 can also transmit the feature values on which each judgment is based to the base station 10. It can be understood that the feature value of the fourth judgment basis that the terminal 20 transmits to the base station 10 refers to the value of the counter after the update.
  • the terminal 20 may select one access resource (assumed to be a second access resource) from multiple access resources indicated by the polling instruction according to the calculated transmission path loss with the base station 10, and the terminal 20 Sending a feedback message to the base station 10 on the second access resource, so that the base station 10 knows that the terminal 20 does not initiate registration in the current poll.
  • the feedback message may be sent on a specific symbol of the second access resource, and the feedback message may be a specific signal, such as "1" or other short sequence. In this way, resources can be saved, the accuracy of feedback can be improved, and the processing of subsequent base stations can be simplified.
  • the terminal 20 may send a feedback message to the base station 10 on the feedback resource, where the feedback message may include indication information that the terminal 20 does not register. In this way, the subsequent base station 10 can perform network optimization according to the feedback message to improve the success rate of the terminal 20 registration in the next poll.
  • the terminal 20 may select one access resource among the multiple access resources, and if it is the third access resource, the terminal 20 may first reserve one end time of the front end of the third access resource, and then The remaining time is listening, and if the terminal 20 finds that there is a sequence of features at the reserved time, the terminal 20 may decide to defer registration. Then, the terminal 20 can send a feedback message to the base station 10, wherein the feedback message includes indication information that the terminal 20 defers registration. It can be understood that the sequence of features detected at the reserved time is sent by other registered other terminals, that is, the terminal 20 decides not to register in the current poll, and can avoid other terminals. A conflict on the third access resource.
  • the base station 10 can further process according to the feedback message.
  • the base station 10 may receive multiple feedback messages sent by multiple terminals, and the base station 10 may estimate the number of terminals that send the “abandon access” message according to the distribution and power of the signals in the multiple feedback messages, and combine the current cell radio resources.
  • Information such as allocation status, determine the time of the next poll and the allocated access resources Source to maximize system efficiency while meeting MTC service requirements. That is, the base station 10 can adjust the information of the access resource indicated by the polling instruction to be transmitted next according to the feedback message.
  • the feedback message sent by the terminal 20 to the base station 10 may further include the reason why the terminal 20 does not initiate registration. If the reason is that the remaining radio resources of the current cell are insufficient to meet the request of the unregistered terminal, the base station 10 may report the information to the network and the MTC server after receiving the feedback message, so that the service provider takes subsequent measures such as capacity expansion. That is to say, the base station 10 can send warning information to the network device to perform subsequent expansion on the base station.
  • FIG. 1 does not show the process in which the terminal 20 does not initiate registration and the base station 10 receives a feedback message.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 assumes that the terminal 20 performs the process of performing registration.
  • the terminal 20 transmits the registration information to the base station 10.
  • the terminal 20 may estimate the distance between the terminal 20 and the base station 10 according to the transmission path loss between the base station 10 and the calculated cell transmission environment type in the cell broadcast information, and may further calculate the distance between the terminal 20 and the base station 10. The amount of time for this registration information. Then, in S104, the terminal 20 transmits the registration information based on the timing advance.
  • the terminal 20 may estimate, according to the foregoing calculation of the transmission path loss between the base station 10 and the modulation and coding manner of the reported message, the transmit power required to ensure that the base station 10 correctly demodulates the reported information, and may Based on this, an appropriate margin is added as the uplink transmission power for transmission.
  • the terminal 20 can use the uplink transmit power, and use the timing advance to transmit the registration information to the base station 10.
  • the terminal 20 resends the registration information.
  • the terminal 20 can resend the registration information at a specific time.
  • the response message may be an ACK or a NACK.
  • the terminal 20 enters a sleep state.
  • the maximum number of retransmissions may be preset, for example, 25 times.
  • the registration information may include an ID of the terminal and a type of the terminal.
  • the ID of the terminal can be IMEI.
  • the type of the terminal may include information of the rate of the terminal, information of the transmission power of the terminal, and the like.
  • the type of the terminal may further include capabilities of the terminal, such as information of delay requirements of the terminal, information about energy saving of the terminal, and the like.
  • the terminal 20 performs authentication verification with the network device 30.
  • the network device 30 may send the authentication indication information for the terminal 20 to the terminal 20 through the base station 10 to request the terminal 20 to report the terminal identity and the service registration information.
  • the terminal identity may be an International Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (IMSI).
  • IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identification Number
  • the terminal 20 transmits the terminal identity and the service registration information to the base station 10, and the base station 10 forwards the terminal identity and the service registration information to the network device 30 to complete authentication verification.
  • the service registration information may include a service type and service subscription information.
  • the terminal 20 can also transmit the battery capacity information of the terminal 20 and the uplink transmission power level information of the terminal 20 to the base station 10. Then, the base station 10 can determine the battery usage of the terminal 20 and calculate the received power loss of the base station 10 according to the battery capacity information and the uplink transmission power level information. On the other hand, if the base station 10 fails to demodulate the battery capacity information and the uplink transmit power level information, the base station 10 may send the command information to the terminal 20, where the command information is used to instruct the terminal 20 to increase the uplink of the terminal. Transmit power.
  • the base station 10 allocates the reported time-frequency resource to the terminal 20.
  • the base station 10 may allocate the reporting manner to the terminal 20 according to the service registration information of the terminal 20.
  • the reporting manner may be periodic or aperiodic (the non-periodic may also be referred to as configured or Based on scheduling).
  • the reporting method includes reporting time-frequency resource information. In this way, the subsequent terminal 20 can report the data according to the reported time-frequency resource information.
  • the reported time-frequency resource information may include time-frequency resource location information and a reporting period.
  • the reporting time-frequency resource information includes a time-frequency resource sequence generating method and a reporting period.
  • the time-frequency resource sequence generation method may be a two-dimensional time-frequency position sequence generated from the seed value.
  • the base station 10 may determine the time-frequency resource location information or the time-frequency resource sequence generation method by using some mathematical calculation method.
  • the basis used may be the time-frequency resource location occupied by the reported data, such as the existing cell resource allocation, the cell information, the local ID of the terminal, or the time (timestamp) of the initial system synchronization of the terminal, or the foregoing The combination, and so on.
  • the mathematical calculation method can be a hash function or a sequence function.
  • the reporting period may be a fixed time interval, and the interval may be communication according to a machine type
  • the business needs are determined, for example, a few seconds or a few days.
  • the reported time-frequency resource information includes time-frequency resource location information and the number of times of reporting.
  • K can be any positive integer.
  • the base station 10 can allocate the unique time-frequency resource information to the terminal 20, that is, the time-frequency resource location information allocated by the base station 10 for different terminals is different.
  • the base station 10 may allocate the same reported time-frequency resource to multiple terminals by using a multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU MIMO) method, which is transparent to the terminal, by using characteristics such as spatial isolation.
  • the information, that is, the reported time-frequency resource information allocated by the base station 10 to the terminal 20 may be the same as the reported time-frequency resource information allocated by the base station 10 for another terminal. In this way, the capacity of the system can be improved, and it is easier and more effective to find multiple MTC terminals suitable for pairing in a fixed-location MTC system.
  • the base station 10 may acquire multiple received power loss calculated by the other multiple base stations for the terminal 20; the base station 10 may according to the received power loss of the base station 10 and the multiple received power loss, and the base station 10 and the transmission characteristics of the area in which the plurality of base stations are located, determine the location of the terminal 20; and further allocate the reported time-frequency resource information to the terminal 20 according to the location of the terminal 20.
  • the base station 10 can calculate the distance between the terminal 20 and each base station, and then determine the location of the terminal 20.
  • the transmission characteristics of the area may include a digital map and/or a transmission model of the location of the cell.
  • the base station 10 sends the reported time-frequency resource information to the terminal 20.
  • base station 10 can establish a wireless connection for terminal 20.
  • the wireless connection here may be a Radio Resource Connection (RRC) to place the terminal 20 in a RRC_CONNECTED state.
  • RRC Radio Resource Connection
  • the base station 10 does not actively release the wireless connection. That is to say, after the wireless connection is established, even if the terminal 20 enters the long-term sleep state, the base station 10 does not release the wireless connection, which can avoid significant signaling overhead caused by a large number of MTC terminal connection state transitions.
  • the base station 10 may receive the termination request sent by the network device 30 or the terminal 20 and release the wireless connection in accordance with the termination request.
  • the network device 30 or the terminal 20 sends the termination request is not limited in the embodiment of the invention.
  • network device 30 may send a termination request to base station 10 when the MTC service lease expires or is arrears.
  • the terminal 20 may transmit an alarm message and send a termination request to the base station 10 when the battery power is less than a preset power threshold.
  • the preset power threshold may be 5% or 3% of the battery capacity of the terminal 20.
  • the base station 10 may assign a unique identifier to the terminal 20 and transmit the identifier to the terminal 20 before or after S107 or simultaneously with S107.
  • the length of the identifier is less than a preset threshold. For example, the length of the identifier is less than the length of the ID of the terminal.
  • the base station 10 assumes the role of a local gateway at this time. Specifically, the base station 10 may use a partial character of the ID of the terminal 20 as the unique identifier, or the base station 10 may use the shorter character generated by the ID of the terminal 20 via a hash function or the like as the unique identifier. For example, a 16bit identifier can represent 65535 terminals.
  • the base station 10 can address the terminal 20 using the unique identifier and replace the ID of the terminal 20 with the unique identifier in the paging process to the terminal 20.
  • the identifier having a smaller length is used instead of the ID having a larger length, which can save transmission resources and further reduce the battery consumption speed of the terminal 20.
  • base station 10 can assign a local short address to terminal 20 and send the local short address to network device 30.
  • the local short address in the embodiment of the present invention may be in the form of an IP address, for example, 10.x.x.x.
  • the local short address in the embodiment of the present invention may also be in the form of an ID, wherein the local short address in the form of ID may be set according to the capacity of the base station and may be a value that is much shorter than the ID of the terminal (eg, IMEI). For example, it may be a number from 0 to 4095 indicated by a 12-bit binary number.
  • the local short address in the embodiment of the present invention may also be in other forms, which is not limited herein.
  • the base station 10 establishes a correspondence relationship between the identifier and the local short address. It can be understood that in the subsequent data transmission process, the base station 10 undertakes the task of address translation.
  • the base station 10 receives an uplink data packet sent by the terminal 20, where the uplink data packet includes a standard Identification.
  • the base station 10 replaces the identifier with the local short address and then transmits it to the network device 30. That is, the base station 10 fills in the data packet transmitted by the terminal 20 to the network device 30 with the local short address corresponding to the identifier to use the local short address as the sender address of the data packet.
  • the base station 10 receives the downlink data packet transmitted by the network device 30, and the downlink data packet includes a local short address allocated for the terminal.
  • the base station 10 replaces the local short address with an identifier and then transmits it to the terminal 20. That is, the base station 10 unpacks the packet of the packet transmitted from the network device 30 to the terminal 20, and adds the identifier to the payload portion of the packet to the terminal 20.
  • the terminal 20 and the base station 10 can communicate through the local IP address of the terminal 20, and the base station 10 and the network device 30 can communicate with each other at a local short address. Then. It can be understood that the base station 10 establishes a correspondence between the local IP address of the terminal 20 and the local short address. Moreover, in the subsequent data transmission process, the base station 10 undertakes the task of translating the local IP address of the terminal 20 and the local short address.
  • the terminal 20 determines to report the time-frequency resource.
  • the terminal 20 may determine to report the time-frequency resource according to the time-frequency resource location information.
  • the terminal 20 may generate a time-frequency resource sequence according to the time-frequency resource sequence generation method, and select the reported time-frequency resource from the time-frequency resource sequence. .
  • the terminal 20 may determine to report the time-frequency resource according to the time-frequency resource location information.
  • the terminal 20 sends an uplink data packet to the base station.
  • the terminal 20 sends an uplink data packet according to the reported time-frequency resource determined by S108.
  • the terminal 20 may periodically send the uplink data packet to the base station 10 in the reporting period at the time-frequency resource location. .
  • the terminal 20 may generate a time-frequency resource sequence according to the time-frequency resource sequence generation method, and on the time-frequency resource sequence, The reporting period sends the uplink data packet to the base station 10.
  • the terminal 20 may periodically send the uplink data packet to the base station 10 at the time-frequency resource location. And the number of times of transmission is the number of times of reporting.
  • the terminal 20 may also send an uplink data packet to the base station based on an event trigger.
  • the priority of the event-triggered reporting may be higher than the foregoing reporting according to the reported time-frequency resource information.
  • the base station 10 may carry a priority command in the aforementioned cell broadcast information or polling command, so that the terminal 20 knows that the event-triggered report has a higher priority.
  • the message sent by the terminal 20 to the base station 10 may also include indication information of the priority. In this way, when receiving the high priority message, the base station 10 can process and respond in time.
  • an event-triggered escalation can be: a motion-sensing sensor detects a moving object, or a hazardous chemical sensor detects a leak, and the like.
  • the terminal 20 may send a scheduling request to the base station 10, so that the base station 10 reallocates the appropriate report for the terminal 20. Time-frequency resources.
  • the terminal 20 may perform a sleep state. That is, the terminal 20 can enter the sleep state after the end of the reporting process of the uplink data packet until the next scheduling time, which can save energy, and in particular, can save power for the terminal 20.
  • the accuracy of the local clock source of the terminal 20 is generally low, and the sleep time of the terminal 20 is often long, for example, several days. Then, after the terminal 20 wakes up from sleep, it is first necessary to perform time calibration.
  • base station 10 can maintain a relative time offset locally, and base station 10 can transmit the relative time offset in the form of a broadcast. For example, it can be sent periodically or periodically.
  • the relative time offset is the system frame number (SFN). It can be understood that the relative time offset here may not be absolute time.
  • the terminal 20 After waking up from the sleep state, the terminal 20 listens to the relative time offset sent by the base station 10, and can perform time calibration according to the saved time reference and the relative time offset.
  • the terminal 20 can wake up one or several SFN periods before the reporting time, answer the SFN information, and compare with the time reference saved by the terminal 20 when registering or when the base station 10 initiates time synchronization. Determine the time offset and perform a time calibration.
  • the time reference can be offset by x microseconds relative to the received SFN.
  • the base station 10 only needs to maintain the relative time offset (such as the system frame number), and the base station 10 can obtain the absolute time through a Global Positioning System (GPS), a network time protocol, etc., and then Plus the relative time offset
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the specific time reported by the terminal 20 can be known.
  • the base station 10 may initiate a time adjustment instruction to implement time synchronization; after that, the terminal 20 wakes up from the sleep each time by re-aligning the time with the base station 10 by the relative time offset, thereby Ensure that the reported data is transmitted at the correct time.
  • the time calibration method can be considered to have sufficient accuracy.
  • the base station can initiate time synchronization for the terminal to implement time calibration.
  • the method of machine type communication in the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a large-scale machine communication system, wherein the process of terminal registration and scheduling is simple and consistent, and the complexity and power consumption of the machine communication terminal and the system resources can be reduced. Occupation can reduce the deployment cost of the MTC system and prolong the use time of the battery-powered equipment, which is beneficial to the application of large-scale wireless machine communication systems in the future.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of machine type communication in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method shown in Figure 2 includes:
  • the terminal receives a polling command sent by the base station.
  • the terminal registers on a first access resource indicated by the polling instruction.
  • the terminal sends registration information to the base station.
  • the terminal completes registration according to the polling instruction sent by the base station, and the process is simple and consistent, which can reduce the complexity and power consumption of the machine communication terminal and the occupation of system resources, can reduce the deployment cost of the MTC system, and extend the battery.
  • the time of use of the power supply equipment can reduce the complexity and power consumption of the machine communication terminal and the occupation of system resources, can reduce the deployment cost of the MTC system, and extend the battery.
  • the method further includes: receiving cell broadcast information sent by the base station.
  • the cell broadcast information may include a transmission location of the polling instruction.
  • the cell broadcast information may further include basic parameters of the cell, and the basic parameters of the cell may include at least one of the following: a cell ID, a cell frequency point, a cell frequency bandwidth, an antenna number, a cell transmission environment type, a cell resource usage rate, and the The transmit power of the base station and the SFN of the broadcast time of the cell broadcast information.
  • S201 includes: receiving the polling instruction at the transmitting location.
  • the polling instruction may indicate a dedicated access resource.
  • the dedicated access resource when it is determined that the terminal has a high service priority according to the service subscription information, registration is performed on the dedicated access resource. That is, the first access resource is the dedicated access resource.
  • the polling instruction may indicate multiple access resources.
  • the type of the access resource may be a long access resource or a normal access resource, that is, the polling instruction indicates multiple long access resources and multiple common access resources.
  • Each of the plurality of long access resources includes location information and number information, and each of the plurality of common access resources includes location information and number information.
  • the polling instruction may further indicate the quantity information of the access resource.
  • the number of the multiple long access resources may be L, and the number of the multiple common access resources is N.
  • the polling instruction may further indicate a feedback resource, where the terminal sends a feedback message to the base station on the feedback resource.
  • the method may further include: calculating a transmission path loss between the terminal and the base station; determining, according to the transmission path loss, a type of access resources to be used as a long access resource or a common access resource; selecting the first access resource from the multiple long access resources or the multiple common access resources.
  • the transmission path loss between the terminal and the base station may be calculated according to the downlink transmit power included in the cell broadcast information and the actual received power of the terminal receiving the cell broadcast information.
  • the first connection may be selected from the multiple long access resources or the multiple common access resources according to the ID of the terminal, the cell broadcast information, and the timestamp of the terminal receiving the polling instruction. Into the resource.
  • the feature sequence may be generated by using a hash function according to the ID of the terminal, the cell broadcast information, and the timestamp of the terminal receiving the polling instruction; and determining the connection to be used according to the feature sequence.
  • the hash function can be a hash function.
  • Determining the number information and the location information of the access resource to be used according to the feature sequence may include: finalizing according to a binary form of the feature sequence The value of the bit determines the number information and location information of the access resource to be used. The representation is rounded up, and L represents the number of the plurality of long access resources.
  • Determining the number information and the location information of the access resource to be used according to the feature sequence may include: finalizing according to a binary form of the feature sequence The value of the bit determines the number information and location information of the access resource to be used. The representation is rounded up, and N represents the number of the plurality of common access resources.
  • the method may include: receiving a polling instruction sent by each of the plurality of base stations. And further, after S201, calculating a transmission path loss between each of the plurality of base stations; according to a transmission path loss between each of the plurality of base stations, from the Each base station selects a base station.
  • the method may further include: determining whether to initiate registration.
  • the system frame number in which the polling instruction is located the system frame number that the terminal searches for when the terminal is powered on, the number of access resources indicated by the polling instruction, and the polling instruction Indicates the resource usage of the last poll, and determines whether to initiate registration.
  • the terminal may store a number of times used to indicate that the terminal delays registration. Determine whether to initiate registration, including:
  • the number of resources is used as the feature value of the second judgment basis, and the reciprocal of the resource usage ratio of the last poll is used as the feature value of the third judgment basis, and the number of the deferred registration is used as the feature value of the fourth judgment basis.
  • determining feature value is greater than the first threshold, determining to initiate registration; if the determining feature value is less than the second threshold, determining to not initiate registration.
  • the weight used by the weighted sum (also referred to as a weighting coefficient) is obtained by the terminal from the cell broadcast information sent by the base station, or the weight used by the weighted sum is used by the terminal. Determined according to the characteristics of the MTC service.
  • the first threshold is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold and the second threshold are obtained by the terminal from the polling instruction, or the first threshold and the second The threshold is determined by the terminal according to the cell broadcast information sent by the base station and the usage of the cell resource.
  • the terminal may register using the aforementioned method, and after completing the registration, the number of deferred registrations may be cleared. If it is determined that registration is not initiated, the terminal may send a feedback message to the base station.
  • the feedback message may include indication information that the terminal does not register, and the feature value of the first determination, the feature value of the second determination, the feature value of the third determination, and the fourth determination. The characteristic value based on.
  • the terminal can send a feedback message to the base station on the feedback resource.
  • the method may include: determining an uplink transmit power according to the transmission path loss; and estimating a distance between the terminal and the base station according to the transmission environment information of the cell; A transmission timing advance is determined based on the transmission path loss and the distance.
  • the uplink transmit power may be employed, and the registration information is transmitted to the base station by using the timing advance.
  • the transmission path loss between the terminal and the base station may be calculated according to the downlink transmit power included in the cell broadcast information and the actual received power of the terminal receiving the cell broadcast information.
  • the registration information may include an ID of the terminal and a type of the terminal.
  • the terminal resends the registration information. If the response message of the base station is still not received after the maximum number of retransmissions is reached, the terminal enters a sleep state.
  • the method further includes: receiving the authentication indication information forwarded by the base station, where the authentication indication information is received by the base station from the network device; and completing according to the authentication indication information Authentication verification between the network devices; sending terminal identity and service registration information Sending to the base station, the service registration information includes a service type and service subscription information; receiving the reported time-frequency resource information sent by the base station; and sending a data packet to the base station on the reported time-frequency resource.
  • the authentication verification refer to the related description in the embodiment of FIG. 1. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of machine type communication in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method shown in Figure 3 includes:
  • the base station sends a polling instruction to the terminal, so that the terminal registers on the first access resource indicated by the polling instruction.
  • the base station receives registration information sent by the terminal.
  • the base station sends a polling instruction to the terminal, so that the terminal completes registration according to the polling instruction, the process is simple and consistent, and the complexity and power consumption of the machine communication terminal and the occupation of system resources can be reduced. Reduce the deployment cost of MTC systems and extend the life of battery-powered equipment.
  • the method further includes: transmitting, in a broadcast form, cell broadcast information, where the cell broadcast information may include a sending location of the polling instruction, so that the terminal receives the location at the sending location. Describe the polling instructions.
  • the cell broadcast information may further include basic parameters of the cell, and the basic parameters of the cell may include at least one of the following: a cell ID, a cell frequency point, a cell frequency bandwidth, an antenna number, a cell transmission environment type, a cell resource usage rate, The transmit power of the base station and the SFN of the broadcast time of the cell broadcast information.
  • the base station may broadcast and transmit the cell broadcast information by using a transmit power not lower than a preset value on a dedicated frequency that does not carry data.
  • the polling instruction may indicate multiple long access resources and multiple common access resources, and each of the plurality of long access resources includes location information and number information, Each of the plurality of common access resources includes location information and number information.
  • the polling instruction may further indicate a feedback resource.
  • the method shown in FIG. 3 may further include: receiving, on the feedback resource, a feedback message sent by the terminal, where the feedback message includes an indication that the terminal does not perform registration The information and the feature value of each judgment basis; adjusting the access resource indicated by the next polling instruction according to the feedback message; or sending the warning information to the network device according to the feedback message, so as to perform subsequent expansion on the base station.
  • the registration information may include an ID of the terminal and a type of the terminal.
  • the base station acquires multiple received power losses calculated by the other multiple base stations for the terminal, the base station according to the received power loss of the base station and the multiple received power loss, and the base station and The transmission characteristics of the area in which the plurality of base stations are located determine the location of the terminal.
  • the transmission characteristics include a digital map and a transmission model of the location of the cell.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by the network device, authentication indication information for the terminal; forwarding the authentication indication information to the terminal, so that the terminal completes the network Authentication authentication between devices; receiving service registration information sent by the terminal, the service registration information includes service type and service subscription information; and assigning time-frequency resource information to the terminal according to the terminal identity and the service registration information Receiving an uplink data packet sent by the terminal according to the reported time-frequency resource information.
  • the method may further include: establishing a wireless connection for the terminal, and not actively releasing the wireless connection. Thereafter, the network device or the termination request sent by the terminal may be received again; and the wireless connection is disconnected according to the termination request.
  • the terminal 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes a receiving unit 401, a processing unit 402, and a transmitting unit 403.
  • the receiving unit 401 is configured to receive a polling instruction sent by the base station;
  • the processing unit 402 is configured to perform registration on the first access resource indicated by the polling instruction received by the receiving unit 401;
  • the sending unit 403 is configured to send registration information to the base station.
  • the terminal completes registration according to the polling instruction sent by the base station, and the process is simple and consistent, which can reduce the complexity and power consumption of the machine communication terminal and the occupation of system resources, can reduce the deployment cost of the MTC system, and extend the battery.
  • the time of use of the power supply equipment can reduce the complexity and power consumption of the machine communication terminal and the occupation of system resources, can reduce the deployment cost of the MTC system, and extend the battery.
  • the receiving unit 401 is specifically configured to receive cell broadcast information sent by the base station.
  • the cell broadcast information may include a sending location of the polling instruction, and the receiving unit 401 is specifically configured to receive the polling instruction at the sending location.
  • the cell broadcast information includes transmission environment information of a cell where the base station is located.
  • the processing unit 402 is further configured to: calculate, according to the cell broadcast information, a transmission path loss between the terminal and the base station; determine an uplink transmit power according to the transmission path loss; and according to the transmission environment information of the cell Estimating a distance between the terminal and the base station; determining a transmission time advance amount according to the transmission path loss and the distance.
  • the sending unit 403 is specifically configured to: use the uplink transmit power, and send the registration information to the base station by using the time advance amount.
  • the polling instruction indicates a dedicated access resource
  • the processing unit 402 is specifically configured to: when determining, according to the service subscription information, that the terminal has a high service priority, in the dedicated connection Register on the resource.
  • the polling instruction indicates multiple long access resources and multiple common access resources.
  • the processing unit 402 is further configured to: calculate a transmission path loss between the terminal and the base station; and determine, according to the transmission path loss, a type of the access resource to be used as a long access resource or a common access resource; Selecting the first access resource from the multiple long access resources or the multiple common access resources.
  • the processing unit 402 is specifically configured to: use, according to the identifier of the terminal, the cell broadcast information, and the timestamp of the terminal receiving the polling instruction, from the multiple long accesses. Selecting the first access resource from a resource or the plurality of common access resources.
  • each of the plurality of long access resources includes location information and number information
  • each of the plurality of common access resources includes: Location information and numbering information.
  • the processing unit 402 is specifically configured to: according to the identifier of the terminal, the cell broadcast information, and the timestamp of the terminal receiving the polling instruction, generate a feature sequence by using a terminal of a hash function; and determine to use according to the feature sequence Numbering information and location information of the access resource; determining the number from the plurality of long access resources or the plurality of common access resources according to the number information and the location information of the access resource to be used One access to resources.
  • the hash function can be a hash function.
  • the processing unit 402 is specifically configured to: according to the last of the binary form of the feature sequence The value of the bit determines the number information and location information of the access resource to be used. among them, The representation is rounded up, and N represents the number of the plurality of long access resources or the number of the plurality of common access resources.
  • the sending unit 403 is further configured to: if the response message of the base station is not received within a preset duration, the terminal resends the registration information.
  • the processing unit 402 is further configured to: if the response message of the base station is not received after the maximum number of retransmissions is reached, the terminal enters a sleep state.
  • the processing unit 402 is further configured to: determine whether to initiate registration. Specifically, the system frame number in which the polling instruction is located, the system frame number that the terminal searches for when the terminal is powered on, the number of access resources indicated by the polling instruction, and the polling instruction Indicates the resource usage of the last poll, and determines whether to initiate registration.
  • the terminal is configured to indicate the number of times the terminal deferred registration
  • the processing unit 402 is specifically configured to: use the system frame number where the polling instruction is located, and the terminal The absolute value of the difference between the system frame numbers searched at the time of power-on is used as the feature value of the first determination basis, and the number of access resources indicated by the polling instruction is used as the feature value of the second determination basis, and the upper The reciprocal of the resource usage ratio of one poll is used as the feature value of the third judgment basis, and the number of the deferred registration is used as the feature value of the fourth judgment basis; the feature value of the first judgment basis, the second judgment And determining, according to the feature value, the sum of the feature value of the third judgment criterion and the feature value of the fourth judgment criterion, a weighted sum; if the judgment feature value is greater than the first threshold, determining to initiate registration; If the determined feature value is less than the second threshold, it is determined that registration is not initiated.
  • the weight used by the weighted sum is obtained by the terminal from the cell broadcast information sent by the base station, or the weight used by the weighted sum is determined by the terminal according to the MTC service characteristic.
  • the first threshold is greater than the second threshold, and the first threshold and the second threshold are obtained by the terminal from the polling instruction, or the first threshold and the second The threshold is determined by the terminal according to the cell broadcast information sent by the base station and the usage of the cell resource. .
  • the sending unit 403 is further configured to send a feedback message to the base station, where the feedback message includes indication information that the terminal does not register, and The feature value according to the first determination, the feature value of the second determination criterion, the feature value of the third determination criterion, and the feature value of the fourth determination criterion.
  • the feedback message may be sent to the base station on a feedback resource indicated by the polling instruction.
  • the receiving unit 401 is specifically configured to: receive multiple base stations. A polling command sent by each base station.
  • the processing unit 402 is further configured to: calculate a transmission path loss between each of the plurality of base stations; according to a transmission path loss between each of the plurality of base stations, Each base station selects a base station.
  • the registration information includes an identifier ID of the terminal and a type of the terminal.
  • the receiving unit 401 is further configured to receive the authentication indication information forwarded by the base station, where the authentication indication information is received by the base station from the network device.
  • the processing unit 402 is further configured to complete authentication verification with the network device according to the authentication indication information.
  • the sending unit 403 is further configured to send the terminal identity and service registration information to the base station, where the service registration information includes a service type and service subscription information.
  • the receiving unit 401 is further configured to receive the reported time-frequency resource information sent by the base station.
  • the sending unit 403 is further configured to send an uplink data packet to the base station on the reported time-frequency resource.
  • the network device is any one of the following: a radio access network, a user identity data server (eg, an HLR), an authentication server, and an MTC service subscription server.
  • a radio access network e.g., a GSM network
  • a user identity data server e.g, an HLR
  • an authentication server e.g., an MTC service subscription server.
  • the receiving unit 401 may be implemented by a receiver
  • the sending unit 403 may be implemented by a transmitter
  • the processing unit 402 may be implemented by a processor.
  • the terminal 500 may include a processor 501, a receiver 502, a transmitter 503, and a memory 504.
  • the memory 504 can be used to store the number of deferred registrations, and can also be used to store code and the like executed by the processor 501.
  • bus system 505 which in addition to the data bus includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus.
  • the terminal 400 shown in FIG. 4 or the terminal 500 shown in FIG. 5 can implement the various processes implemented by the terminal in the foregoing embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a base station in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station 600 shown in FIG. 6 includes a transmitting unit 601 and a receiving unit 602.
  • the sending unit 601 is configured to send a polling instruction to the terminal, so that the terminal registers on the first access resource indicated by the polling instruction;
  • the receiving unit 602 is configured to receive registration information sent by the terminal.
  • the base station sends a polling instruction to the terminal, so that the terminal completes registration according to the polling instruction, the process is simple and consistent, and the complexity and power consumption of the machine communication terminal can be reduced and The occupation of system resources can reduce the deployment cost of the MTC system and prolong the use time of the battery-powered equipment.
  • the sending unit 601 is further configured to: send the cell broadcast information in a broadcast manner, where the cell broadcast information includes a sending location of the polling instruction, so that the terminal is in the sending The polling command is received at a location.
  • the cell broadcast information may further include at least one of the following: a cell identifier ID, a cell frequency point, a cell frequency bandwidth, an antenna number, a cell transmission environment type, a system frame number, a cell resource usage rate, and the base station. Transmit power.
  • the sending unit 601 is specifically configured to: broadcast the cell broadcast information by using a transmit power that is not lower than a preset value on a dedicated frequency that does not carry data.
  • the polling instruction indicates multiple long access resources and multiple common access resources, and each of the multiple long access resources includes location information and The number information, each of the plurality of common access resources includes location information and number information.
  • the base station 600 may further include a processing unit.
  • the polling instruction also indicates a resource at the time of feedback.
  • the receiving unit 602 is further configured to: receive, on the feedback resource, a feedback message sent by the terminal, where the feedback message includes indication information that the terminal does not perform registration, and a feature value of each determination basis.
  • the processing unit is configured to adjust, according to the feedback message, the access resource indicated by the next polling instruction, or send the warning information to the network device according to the feedback message, so as to perform subsequent expansion on the base station.
  • the registration information received by the receiving unit 602 may include an identifier ID of the terminal and a type of the terminal.
  • the receiving unit 602 is further configured to acquire multiple received power loss calculated by the other multiple base stations for the terminal.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine a location of the terminal according to a received power loss of the base station and the multiple received power loss, and a transmission characteristic of an area where the base station and the multiple base stations are located.
  • the transmission characteristics include a digital map and a transmission model of the location of the cell.
  • the receiving unit 602 is further configured to receive, by the network device, authentication indication information for the terminal.
  • the sending unit 601 is further configured to forward the authentication indication information to the terminal, so that the terminal completes authentication verification with the network device.
  • the receiving unit 602 is further configured to receive the terminal identity and service registration information sent by the terminal, where the industry The service registration information includes the service type and service subscription information.
  • the processing unit is configured to allocate the reported time-frequency resource information to the terminal according to the service registration information.
  • the receiving unit 602 is further configured to receive an uplink data packet that is sent by the terminal according to the reported time-frequency resource information.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: establish a wireless connection for the terminal.
  • the receiving unit 602 is further configured to receive the termination request sent by the network device or the terminal.
  • the processing unit is further configured to release the wireless connection according to the termination request.
  • the receiving unit 402 may be implemented by a receiver
  • the sending unit 401 may be implemented by a transmitter
  • the processing unit may be implemented by a processor.
  • base station 700 can include a processor 701, a receiver 702, a transmitter 703, and a memory 704.
  • the memory 704 can be used to store code and the like executed by the processor 701.
  • the various components in base station 700 are coupled together by a bus system 705, which in addition to the data bus includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus.
  • a bus system 705 which in addition to the data bus includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus.
  • the base station 600 shown in FIG. 6 or the terminal 700 shown in FIG. 7 can implement the processes implemented by the base station in the foregoing embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • the processor may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities.
  • each step of the foregoing method embodiment may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like. Programming logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or carried out.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by the hardware decoding processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the above method.
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present invention may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be only Read-Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (ROMM), Erasable PROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (Electrically EPROM) , EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory can be a Random Access Memory (RAM) that acts as an external cache.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous DRAM).
  • SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM
  • ESDRAM Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • SDRAM Synchronous Connection Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • Direct RAM memory Direct RAM memory, DR RAM
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. You can choose some or all of them according to actual needs.
  • the unit is to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提出了一种机器类型通信的方法，包括：终端接收基站发送的轮询指令；所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；所述终端将注册信息发送至所述基站。本发明实施例中，终端根据基站发送的轮询指令完成注册，该过程简单一致，能够降低机器类型通信的复杂度和功耗，进一步能够降低MTC系统的部署成本、延长电池供电设备的使用时间。

Description

机器类型通信的方法、终端以及基站
本发明要求2015年5月29日递交的发明名称为“机器类型通信的方法、终端以及基站”的申请号201510290760.5的在先申请优先权，上述在先申请的内容以引入的方式并入本文本中。
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种机器类型通信的方法、终端以及基站。
背景技术
传统的移动通信网络主要针对人与人之间的语音通信，机器类型通信(Machine Type Communication，MTC)的引入对传统的移动通信网络会造成较大的影响。因此，下一代的移动通信网络(可称为5G)除了支持传统的以人为服务对象的语音数据通信之外，还将包括各种场景下的MTC应用，例如，工业、农业、智能交通、智能家居、智能抄表和地震海啸火灾监控等各类智能监控等。
大规模应用的MTC由于应用场景和传统移动通信系统非常不同，将对无线通信技术提出一系列新的要求。例如，监控传感器类设备由于部署数量大并且多数使用电池供电，具有低成本低功耗、大周期小数据包传输、时延不敏感等特性；而用于工业生产、车联网和智能交通等场合的机器通信则要求极低的时延、高可靠性和高可用性以保证正常运行。这些新的特性要求5G系统采用一系列的新技术。
现有的使用无线技术传输数据的机器通信终端一般会使用专用技术或者使用成熟的2/3/4G通信模块。使用专用技术的模块难以取得规模效益。
部分技术尝试在4G移动通信技术基础上进行改进，例如对机器通信设备进行分组以共享资源等。但是这些技术方案仍存在不足，例如流程复杂、降低了系统部署的灵活性、部分终端功耗增大易导致电池寿命降低、对网际协议(InternetProtocol，IP)和无线系统资源占用较多等。
可见，由于2/3/4G移动通信技术在设计之初并未把大规模的机器类型通 信列入必要考虑因素，因而在复杂度和功耗等方面无法满足对于大规模的机器类型通信的需求。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种机器类型通信的方法、终端以及基站，能够降低机器类型通信的复杂度和功耗。
第一方面，提供了一种机器类型通信的方法，包括：
终端接收基站发送的轮询指令；
所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
所述终端将注册信息发送至所述基站。
第二方面，提供了一种机器类型通信的方法，包括：
基站向终端发送轮询指令，以使得所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
所述基站接收所述终端发送的注册信息。
第三方面，提供了一种终端，包括：
接收单元，用于接收基站发送的轮询指令；
处理单元，用于在所述接收单元接收到的所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
发送单元，用于将注册信息发送至所述基站。
第四方面，提供了一种基站，包括：
发送单元，用于向终端发送轮询指令，以使得所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
接收单元，用于接收所述终端发送的注册信息。
第五方面，提供了一种终端，包括：
接收器，用于接收基站发送的轮询指令；
处理器，用于在所述接收器接收到的所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
发送器，用于将注册信息发送至所述基站。
第六方面，提供了一种基站，包括：
发送器，用于向终端发送轮询指令，以使得所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
接收器，用于接收所述终端发送的注册信息。
本发明实施例中，终端根据基站发送的轮询指令完成注册，该过程简单一致，能够降低机器类型通信的复杂度和功耗，进一步能够降低MTC系统的部署成本、延长电池供电设备的使用时间。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一个实施例的机器类型通信的方法的流程图。
图2是本发明另一个实施例的机器类型通信的方法的流程图。
图3是本发明另一个实施例的机器类型通信的方法的流程图。
图4是本发明一个实施例的终端的框图。
图5是本发明另一个实施例的终端的框图。
图6是本发明一个实施例的基站的框图。
图7是本发明另一个实施例的基站的框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
应注意，本发明实施例中，MTC也可以称为机器对机器(Machine to Machine，M2M)通信，然而，也应理解，MTC不仅包括机器间通信，还应包括人机交互通信。
应注意，本发明实施例中的基站可以是任何具有基站功能的设备，例如可 以是第三代移动通信系统(3G)中的NodeB，可以是第四代移动通信系统(4G)的长期演进(Long TermEvolution，LTE)中的演进型基站(Evolutional Node B，eNB或eNodeB)，可以是未来5G中具有基站功能的节点，等等。本发明对此不作限定。
应注意，本发明实施例中的终端是指MTC终端，也可以称为MTC设备，例如可以是智能手机，可以是智能电表，可以是智能穿戴设备，等等。本发明对此不作限定。
图1是本发明一个实施例的机器类型通信的方法的流程图。图1示出了基站10、终端20和网络设备30。其中，网络设备30可以为以下中的任一个：无线接入网、用户身份数据服务器(例如用户归属位置寄存器(Home Location Register，HLR))、鉴权服务器和MTC服务订购服务器。图1所示的方法包括：
S101，基站10以广播的形式发送小区广播信息。
具体地，基站10可以周期性地广播该小区广播信息。具体地，小区广播信息可以包括小区的基本参数，小区的基本参数可以包括以下中的至少一项：小区标识(ID)、小区频点、小区频带宽度、天线数量、小区传输环境类型、小区资源使用率、所述基站的发射功率，以及该小区广播信息进行广播时刻的系统帧号(SystemFrame Number，SFN)。
其中，小区传输环境类型可以为室内(indoor)、密集城区(dense urban)、城区(urban)、城郊(sub-urban)、乡村(rural)中的一种。
其中，系统帧在时间上可以等长或者不等长。例如，在不等长的情况下，第R-i(i＝1，2，…，R-1)个系统帧中的系统信息可以用于指示第R个系统帧的长度。并且，此信息可以在编号为R-i到R-1的系统帧中广播1次到i-1次，以便保证终端的可靠接收。
可选地，小区广播信息还可以包括多个权重(也称为加权系数)。其中，多个权重与多个判断依据一一对应，判断依据是终端20判断是否发起注册的依据。这里，多个权重可以是由基站10根据MTC服务特性、系统资源使用情况等因素所确定的。具体地，有关权重和终端20判断是否发起注册的内容可以参见后续S103中的相关描述。
并且，小区广播信息可以是基站10在不承载数据的专用频率上，采用不 低于预设置的发射功率广播发送的。这里的专用频率可以是不承载数据的较低的频段，例如，低于现有的2/3/4G系统所使用的最低频率。这里的预设置的发射功率可以是现有的2/3/4G系统中宏基站所使用的最大发射功率。这样能够实现深度覆盖(可包括室内的场景)、节省实际承载数据业务的小区(覆盖范围较小)无线资源，并且能够达到便于多个小区直接进行协调的作用。
这里，小区广播信息也可以是宏基站或系统中央/区域调度器等在包括多个通信基站的较大区域内发送的，本发明对此不作限定。
或者，可理解，小区广播信息也可以是基站10在运营商预设定的频率上，采用预设定的发射功率进行发送的。例如，预设定的频率为150M Hz，预设定的发射功率为25W。本发明对此不作限定。
这样，位于基站10的所在小区之内的终端能够接收到该小区广播信息，甚至位于该基站10的所在小区之外的终端也能够接收到该小区广播信息。具体地，终端20在开机之后搜索小区广播信息，并且终端20可能会接收到多个基站分别发送的小区广播信息。进一步地，终端20可以根据所接收到的小区广播信息正确接收后续的消息。
另外，小区广播信息可以包括轮询指令的发送位置，这样，终端20后续可以在该发送位置上接收轮询指令。
S102，基站发送轮询(polling)指令。
具体地，基站可以周期性地或者非周期性地，以广播的形式发送该轮询指令。
并且，轮询指令可以是基站10根据小区资源的使用情况、机器类型通信的服务要求等因素所确定的。其中，小区资源的使用情况可以包括小区负载、小区接入资源的使用情况等。
可理解，如果S101中的小区广播信息中包括轮询指令的发送位置，那么，在S102中，终端20在该发送位置上接收该轮询指令。
其中，轮询指令可以指示多个接入资源，用于由未注册的终端使用。这里，接入资源也可以称为注册时频资源或者注册窗口，是指基站10分配的可以用于由未注册的终端使用的注册窗口。可理解，注册窗口的位置也即是接入资源的位置。
注册窗口的具体位置和注册窗口内可供终端用于注册的无线资源的数量 和类型由轮询指令进行指示。其中，接入资源也可称为槽位(slot)，基站10可以根据终端距离基站的远近、无线信号传输路径损耗等，分配不同大小的槽位。所述槽位的大小可以在时间和/或频率上进行调整。
所述多个接入资源中的每个接入资源可包括位置信息和编号信息。具体地，基站10可以按照类型对接入资源进行编号，例如将较大的称为长接入资源(也可称为long slot)，普通的接入资源称为普通接入资源(也可称为normal slot)。即，所述多个接入资源包括多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源。并且轮询指令指示的接入资源可以按照如下方式编号：long slot：1…L，normal slot：1…N。其中，L表示长接入资源的数量；N表示普通接入资源的数量。
另外，接入资源的位置信息和编号信息可以具有对应关系，例如位置和编号以某种方式关联，如在相同时间点上，频率上相邻或间隔；或者在相同频率上，时间上连续或间隔；或者时间/频率呈二维分布，例如所谓staggered方式等。这样，便可以根据位置信息和编号信息确定时域和频域的信息。
进一步地，轮询指令还可以指示上次轮询中的接入资源的数量和资源使用情况。其中，资源使用情况可以是全部使用(FULL)、高度使用(HIGH)、中度使用(MEDIUM)和低度使用(LOW)中的一个，也可以是使用资源的百分比或者剩余资源的百分比。
另外，轮询指令还可以指示反馈资源，用于由不进行注册的终端进行反馈。
可选地，轮询指令可以指示专用接入资源，用于由高服务优先级的终端使用该专用接入资源进行接入。
S103，终端20根据所述轮询指令进行注册。
如果轮询指令指示专用接入资源，并且终端20为高服务优先级(由终端的服务订阅信息决定)的终端，那么，终端20直接使用该专用接入资源进行注册。
举例来说，如果在S102中，终端20接收到多个基站发送的轮询指令，那么终端20应首先从多个基站中选择一个基站进行注册，假设所选择的一个基站为基站10。
可理解，终端20在S101中接收到多个基站发送的多个小区广播信息，并在S102中接收到多个基站发送的多个轮询指令，那么，在S103中，终端20根据上述信息计算与多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗，并进一步根 据与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗，从所述多个基站选择一个基站进行注册。
其中，终端20计算与基站10之间的传输损耗的方法描述如下：
假设终端20和基站10使用同一频率，例如为时分双工(Time Division Duplex，TDD)系统。
其中，S101中基站10发送的小区广播信息包括下行发射功率的指示信息。例如，下行发射功率为小区总发射功率和某一时间、频率位置上已知内容和时间长度的序列(如公共参考信号或beacon信号)的发射功率。应注意，本发明实施例中，地理上相邻的不同的基站使用不同的时间、频率位置进行发送各自的序列，这样能够降低不同基站相互间的干扰。也就是说，不同的基站可以使用不同的序列。
随后，终端20接收基站10的小区广播信息时可以进行接收功率估计，从而确定终端20接收所述小区广播信息的实际接收功率。于是，终端20可以根据所述下行发射功率以及所述实际接收功率，计算终端20与基站10之间的传输路径损耗。具体地，终端20可根据所述下行发射功率以及所述实际接收功率之差进行计算。
为了提高传输路径损耗的计算的准确性，终端20可以多次接收小区广播信息，并对多次估算的传输路径损耗进行平滑。或者，终端20可以使用接收到的与基站10相邻的另一基站的下行发射功率的指示信息，对所计算的传输路径损耗进行干扰消除，进一步提高准确性。
随后，终端20可以根据与基站10之间的传输路径损耗，确定将要使用的接入资源的类型。具体地，若该传输路径损耗大于预设的损耗阈值，则确定将要使用的接入资源的类型为长接入资源，否则为普通接入资源。
如果确定将要使用的接入资源的类型为长接入资源，那么，终端20随后从多个长接入资源(如前所述，为L个)中选择一个接入资源。如果确定将要使用的接入资源的类型为普通接入资源，那么，终端20随后从多个普通接入资源(如前所述，为N个)中选择一个接入资源。假设所选择的一个接入资源为第一接入资源，那么在此之后终端20可以在该第一接入资源上进行注册。
作为一例，终端20可以根据所述终端的标识、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，从所述多个长接入资源或所述多个普通接入资 源中选择所述第一接入资源。举例来说，终端20可以根据所述终端的ID、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，采用散列函数的方法产生特征序列；根据所述特征序列确定将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；根据所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息，确定所述第一接入资源。
其中，终端的ID可以为国际移动设备身份码(International Mobile Equipment Identity，IMEI)。其中，散列函数可以为哈希(HASH)函数，例如MD5。
可选地，可以是采用散列函数的方法并经过后续处理后产生特征序列。其中，后续处理可以为循环移位、随机移位、与其他序列与或(XOR)等。
可选地，如果前述确定的类型为长接入资源，那么终端20可以根据所述特征序列的二进制形式的最后
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000001
位的数值，确定所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；其中，
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000002
表示上取整，L表示所述长接入资源的数量。例如L＝16时取最后4位为“1111b”，L＝14时为“1101b”。如果前述确定的类型为普通接入资源，那么终端20可以根据所述特征序列的二进制形式的最后
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000003
位的数值，确定所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；其中，
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000004
表示上取整，N表示所述普通接入资源的数量。
这样，本发明实施例中，能够确保每一个未注册终端选择的接入资源在时间和频率上是唯一的，不同终端之间的注册过程冲突概率非常低。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在S102之后，终端20首先判断是否要发起注册。
具体地，终端20可以根据S102中的轮询指令所处的系统帧号、终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号、S102中的轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量、在S102之前的上一次轮询的资源使用情况等，判断是否要发起注册。
这里，终端20在开机时搜索到的系统帧号可以是小区广播信息所包括的。
本发明实施例中，终端20可以设定多个判断依据，并计算每个判断依据对应的值，称为判断依据的特征值。然后，终端20可以根据各个判断依据的特征值计算判断特征值。从而，终端20可以根据判断特征值的大小，判断是否在本次轮询中发起注册。其中，发起注册也可以理解为是发起接入请求。
具体地，若判断特征值大于第一阈值，则确定在本次轮询中发起注册。若 判断特征值小于第二阈值，则确定在本次轮询中不发起注册。其中，第一阈值大于第二阈值。第一阈值和第二阈值可以是基站10根据当前的小区状态所确定的并在轮询指令中发送至终端20的。如果基站10在轮询指令中没有发送第一阈值和第二阈值，那么终端20可以根据小区广播信息和小区资源的使用情况等自行计算以确定第一阈值和第二阈值。
可选地，可以将S201中的所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号与所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号之差的绝对值作为第一判断依据的特征值。可以将S102中的轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量作为第二判断依据的特征值。可以将S102之前的上一次轮询的资源使用比例的倒数作为第三判断依据的特征值。
另外，终端20中可以存储用于表示终端20推迟注册的次数，可以用计数器的形式表示，这里，可以将推迟注册的次数(计数器的值)作为第四判断依据的特征值。
可理解，如果所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号与所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号之差的绝对值越大，说明终端20未能注册的时间越长，那么，终端20在本次轮询中发起注册的优先级越高。如果推迟注册的次数越多，即计数器的值越大，说明终端20未能注册的轮询次数越多，那么，终端20在本次轮询中发起注册的优先级越高。
可理解，如果S102中的轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量越多，或者，S102之前的上一次轮询的资源使用比例越少，说明在本次轮询中的可用资源越多，那么，终端20在本次轮询中进行注册的成功率越高。
从而，终端20可以将各个判断依据的特征值的和作为判断特征值，或者，终端20可以将各个判断依据的特征值的加权和作为判断特征值。
其中，各个判断依据的特征值的权重(也称为加权系数)可以是基站10在小区广播信息中发送至终端20的，具体地，基站10可以根据MTC服务特性、小区的资源使用率等因素对权重进行调整(也就是说，不同的小区广播信息中所包括的权重可以不同)，这样能够满足系统的服务要求并提高终端接入的效率。或者，如果小区广播信息不包括权重，那么，权重(也称为加权系数)也可以是终端20根据MTC服务特性等因素所确定的，这里不作限定。
进一步地，若判断特征值大于第一阈值，则确定在本次轮询中发起注册。 终端20在决定发起注册之后，可以采用前述的方法进行注册。并且在注册成功之后，可以将计数器(推迟注册的次数)清零。可选地，终端20还可以在注册成功之后，将执行注册时的各个判断依据的特征值发送至基站10。
若判断特征值小于第二阈值，则确定在本次轮询中不发起注册。随后，终端20可以更新计数器(推迟注册的次数)，即计数器加1。终端20还可以将各个判断依据的特征值发送至基站10。可理解，终端20发送至基站10的第四判断依据的特征值是指更新以后的计数器的值。
举例来说，终端20可以根据所计算的与基站10之间的传输路径损耗，从轮询指令指示的多个接入资源中选择一个接入资源(假设为第二接入资源)，并且终端20在第二接入资源上发送反馈消息给基站10，以便基站10获知终端20在本次轮询不发起注册的决定。其中，反馈消息可在第二接入资源的特定符号(symbol)上发送，且该反馈消息可以是特定的信号，例如“1”或其他的短序列。这样，能够节省资源、提高反馈的准确性，并且能够简化后续基站的处理过程。
举例来说，若S102中的轮询指令还指示反馈资源。那么，终端20在决定不发起注册时，可以在反馈资源上向基站10发送反馈消息，其中，反馈消息可以包括终端20不进行注册的指示信息。这样，后续基站10可以根据反馈消息进行网络优化，以提高下一轮询中终端20注册的成功率。
举例来说，终端20可在多个接入资源中选择一个接入资源，假设为第三接入资源，终端20可先预留该第三接入资源的前端的一端时间，随后在该预留的时间上进行侦听，如果终端20发现在该预留的时间上存在特征序列，则终端20可决定推迟进行注册。那么，终端20可向基站10发送反馈消息，其中，该反馈消息包括终端20推迟注册的指示信息。可理解，在预留的时间上所侦听到的特征序列是由其他的已注册的其他终端发送的，也就是说，终端20决定在本次轮询中不进行注册，能够避免与其他终端在该第三接入资源上的冲突。
这样，基站10接收到反馈消息之后，可以根据反馈消息作进一步处理。例如，基站10可能会收到多个终端发送的多个反馈消息，基站10可以根据多个反馈消息中信号的分布和功率估算出发送“放弃接入”消息的终端数量，结合当前小区无线资源分配情况等信息，确定下一次轮询的时间及分配的接入资 源，以在满足MTC服务要求的前提下尽可能提高系统效率。也就是说，基站10可以根据反馈消息，调整下一次将要发送的轮询指令所指示的接入资源的信息。
另外，终端20发送给基站10的反馈消息还可以进一步包括终端20不发起注册的原因。如果该原因指示当前小区的剩余无线资源不足，无法满足未注册终端的请求，则基站10在收到反馈消息之后，可以向网络及MTC服务器上报，以便服务商采取扩容等后续措施。也就是说，基站10可以向网络设备发送警告信息，以便对所述基站进行后续扩容。
应注意，图1所示的实施例中未示出终端20不发起注册以及基站10接收反馈消息等过程。图1所示的实施例假设终端20执行进行注册的过程。
S104，终端20将注册信息发送至基站10。
作为一例，终端20可以根据前述计算的与基站10之间的传输路径损耗，并根据小区广播信息中的小区传输环境类型，估算出终端20与基站10之间的距离，进而可以计算终端20发送该注册信息的时间提前量。于是，在S104中，终端20根据该时间提前量发送注册信息。
作为另一例，终端20可以根据前述计算的与基站10之间的传输路径损耗，以及上报消息的调制和编码方式，估算出能够保证基站10正确解调上报信息所需的发射功率，并可以在此基础上增加适当的裕量作为上行发射功率进行发射。
作为上述两例的结合，终端20可以采用该上行发射功率，利用该时间提前量，将注册信息发送至基站10。
可选地，在S104之后，若终端20在预设的时长内没有收到基站10的响应消息，那么，终端20重发该注册信息。其中，终端20可以在特定的时间重发该注册信息。其中，响应消息可以是ACK或NACK。
可选地，如果在达到最大重发次数之后依然没有收到基站10的响应消息，终端20进入休眠状态。其中，最大重发次数可以是预设的，例如为25次。
其中，注册信息可以包括终端的ID和终端的类型。例如，终端的ID可以为IMEI。例如，终端的类型可以包括终端的速率的信息、终端的发射功率的信息等。另外，终端的类型还可以包括终端的能力，例如终端的时延要求的信息、终端的节能的信息等。
S105，终端20与网络设备30进行鉴权验证。
具体地，终端20完成初始注册之后，网络设备30可以通过基站10向终端20发送针对终端20的鉴权指示信息，以要求终端20上报终端身份和业务注册信息。其中，终端身份可以为国际移动用户识别码(International Mobile Subscriber IdentificationNumber，IMSI)。随后，终端20将所述终端身份和所述业务注册信息发送至基站10，基站10将所述终端身份和所述业务注册信息转发至网络设备30以便完成鉴权验证。其中，所述业务注册信息可以包括业务类型和服务订阅信息。
另外，终端20还可以将终端20的电池容量信息和终端20的上行发射功率等级信息发送至基站10。那么，基站10可以根据所述电池容量信息和所述上行发射功率等级信息，确定终端20的电池使用情况并计算基站10的接收功率损耗。另一方面，若基站10对所述电池容量信息和所述上行发射功率等级信息解调失败，基站10可以向终端20发送指令信息，所述指令信息用于指示终端20提升所述终端的上行发射功率。
S106，基站10为终端20分配上报时频资源。
在鉴权验证完成之后，基站10可以根据终端20的业务注册信息，为终端20分配上报的方式，该上报的方式可以是周期的或非周期的(其中非周期的也可称为配置的或者基于调度的)。
其中，上报的方式中包括上报时频资源信息。这样，后续终端20可以根据该上报时频资源信息上报数据。
对于周期的方式，上报时频资源信息可以包括时频资源位置信息和上报周期。或者，对于周期方式，上报时频资源信息包括时频资源序列产生方法和上报周期。例如，时频资源序列产生方法可以为依据种子数值产生的二维时频位置序列。
具体地，基站10可以采用某种依据，经过某种数学计算方法，来确定时频资源位置信息或者时频资源序列产生方法。其中，所采用的依据可以是上报数据所占用的时频资源位置，例如现有小区资源分配情况、小区信息、终端的本地ID、或者终端初次系统同步的时刻(时间戳)、或者前述几者的结合，等等。其中，数学计算方法可以是hash函数或者序列函数。
具体地，上报周期可以是固定时间间隔，该间隔可以是根据机器类型通信 的业务需求进行确定，例如可以是几秒，也可以是几天。
对于非周期的方式，上报时频资源信息包括时频资源位置信息和上报次数。其中，假设上报次数为K，那么K可以为任一正整数。例如，K＝1或者K＝10。也就是说，基站10告知终端20下一次或下K次上报所使用的时频资源信息。
具体地，基站10可以为终端20分配唯一的上报时频资源信息，也就是说，基站10为不同的终端分配的时频资源位置信息是不同的。或者，基站10也可以利用空间隔离等特性，使用对终端透明的多用户多入多出(Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output，MU MIMO)的方式为多个终端分配同一个上报时频资源信息，也就是说，基站10为终端20分配的上报时频资源信息可以与基站10为另一终端分配的上报时频资源信息相同。这样，能够提高系统的容量，对于部署位置固定的MTC系统，找到适合配对的多个MTC终端较为容易，效果也会更好。
可选地，作为另一例，基站10可以获取其他多个基站所计算的针对终端20的多个接收功率损耗；基站10可以根据基站10的接收功率损耗和所述多个接收功率损耗，以及基站10和其他多个基站所处的区域的传输特性，确定终端20的位置；并进一步根据该终端20的位置，为终端20分配上报时频资源信息。
其中，基站10可以计算出终端20与每个基站之间的距离，进而确定出终端20的位置。其中，区域的传输特性可以包括数字地图和/或小区所在地的传输模型。
S107，基站10将上报时频资源信息发送至终端20。
在S107之前，基站10可为终端20建立无线连接。这里的无线连接可以是无线资源连接(Radio Resource Connection，RRC)，以使终端20处于连接(RRC_CONNECTED)状态。
应注意，本发明实施例中，基站10不主动释放该无线连接。也就是说，在建立该无线连接之后，即使终端20进入长时间休眠状态，基站10也不释放该无线连接，这样能够避免大量MTC终端连接状态转换带来的显著信令开销。
但是，可理解，在后续数据传输结束之后，基站10可以接收网络设备30或者终端20发送的终止请求，并根据该终止请求释放该无线连接。其中，本 发明实施例对网络设备30或者终端20发送终止请求的原因不作限定。例如，网络设备30可以在MTC服务租约到期或欠费时向基站10发送终止请求。例如，终端20可以在电池电量小于预设的电量阈值时，发送告警信息并向基站10发送终止请求。这里，预设的电量阈值可以为终端20的电池容量的5％或者3％。
可选地，作为一例，在S107之前，基站10可以为终端20分配唯一的标识符，并将该标识符在S107之前或之后或与S107同时地发送至终端20。其中，该标识符的长度小于预设的阈值，例如，该标识符的长度小于终端的ID的长度。
可理解，此时基站10承担的是本地网关(gateway)的角色。具体地，基站10可以使用终端20的ID的部分字符作为该唯一的标识符，或者基站10可以将终端20的ID经hash函数等产生的较短的字符作为该唯一的标识符。例如16bit标识符可以代表65535个终端。
随后，基站10可以使用该唯一的标识符为终端20进行地址编码，并在对终端20的寻呼过程中均使用该唯一的标识符替换终端20的ID。这样，本实施例中使用长度较小的标识符替代长度较大的ID，能够节省传输资源，进而能够减小终端20的电池消耗速度。
另外，由于IPv4包头长度为24个字节，即使使用ROHC等头压缩算法，对于上报极小数据量的MTC应用而言，仍然是很大的开销，会严重缩短设备电池寿命。因此，在S107之前，基站10可以为终端20分配本地短地址，并将该本地短地址发送至网络设备30。
应注意，本发明实施例中的本地短地址可以为IP地址的形式，例如，为10.x.x.x。或者，本发明实施例中的本地短地址也可以为ID形式，其中ID形式的本地短地址可以是根据基站的容量所设置的并且可以是比终端的ID(如IMEI)短得多的数值，例如可以是通过12比特的二进制数字进行指示的0到4095的编号。或者，本发明实施例中的本地短地址也可以为其他的形式，这里不作限定。
并且，基站10建立标识符与本地短地址之间的对应关系。可理解，在后续的数据传输过程中，基站10承担地址翻译的任务。
具体地，基站10接收到终端20发送的上行数据包，该上行数据包包括标 识符。基站10将该标识符替换为所述本地短地址，然后再发送至网络设备30。也就是说，基站10在终端20发送至网络设备30的数据包中填入与标识符对应的本地短地址，以将该本地短地址作为数据包的发送方地址。
基站10接收到网络设备30发送的下行数据包，该下行数据包包括为终端分配的本地短地址。基站10将该所述本地短地址替换为标识符，然后再发送至终端20。也就是说，基站10把网络设备30发送至终端20的数据包行拆包，把数据包中的负载(payload)部分加上标识符后再发送给终端20。
或者，作为另一个实施例，终端20与基站10之间可以通过终端20的本地IP地址进行通信，基站10与网络设备30之间可以本地短地址进行通信。那么。可理解，基站10建立终端20的本地IP地址与所述本地短地址之间的对应关系。并且，在后续的数据传输过程中，基站10承担终端20的本地IP地址与所述本地短地址两个地址翻译的任务。
S108，终端20确定上报时频资源。
如果S107中的上报时频资源信息包括时频资源位置信息和上报周期，那么终端20可以根据时频资源位置信息确定上报时频资源。
如果S107中的上报时频资源信息包括时频资源序列产生方法和上报周期，那么终端20可以根据时频资源序列产生方法生成时频资源序列，并从该时频资源序列中选择上报时频资源。
如果S107中的上报时频资源信息包括时频资源位置信息和上报次数，那么终端20可以根据时频资源位置信息确定上报时频资源。
S109，终端20向基站发送上行数据包。
具体地，终端20根据S108所确定的上报时频资源发送上行数据包。
如果S107中的上报时频资源信息包括时频资源位置信息和上报周期，那么终端20可以在所述时频资源位置上，以所述上报周期，向基站10周期性地发送所述上行数据包。
如果S107中的上报时频资源信息包括时频资源序列产生方法和上报周期，那么终端20可以根据所述时频资源序列产生方法，生成时频资源序列；在所述时频资源序列上，以所述上报周期，向基站10发送所述上行数据包。
如果S107中的上报时频资源信息包括时频资源位置信息和上报次数，那么终端20可以在所述时频资源位置上，向基站10周期发送所述上行数据包， 且发送的次数为所述上报次数。
另外，终端20也可以是基于事件触发向基站发送上行数据包。其中，基于事件触发的上报的优先级可以高于前述根据上报时频资源信息的上报。应注意，基站10可以在前述的小区广播信息或者轮询指令中携带优先级指令，以便终端20获知基于事件触发的上报具有更高的优先级。相应地，终端20发送至基站10的消息中也可以包括优先级的指示信息。这样，基站10在收到高优先级消息时，可以进行及时处理并响应。
举例来说，基于事件触发的上报可以为：运动感应传感器检测到运动物体，或者危险化学品传感器检测到泄露，等等。
应注意，在S109中，若上报时频资源不足，即上报时频资源不足以容纳上行数据包，那么终端20可以向基站10发送调度请求，以便于基站10为该终端20重新分配合适的上报时频资源。
可选地，本发明实施例中，在S109之后，终端20可以进行休眠状态。即，终端20可以在上行数据包的上报过程结束之后进入休眠状态，直到下一个调度时间，这样能够节省能源，具体地能够为终端20节省电量。
但是，由于终端20的本地时钟源的精度一般较低，而且终端20的休眠时间又往往很长，例如为几天。那么，在该终端20从休眠中醒来之后，首先需进行时间校准。
具体地，基站10可以在本地维护一个相对时间偏移量，并且基站10可将该相对时间偏移量以广播的形式发送。例如，可以周期性地或者定时发送。其中，相对时间偏移量为系统帧号(SFN)。可理解，这里的相对时间偏移量可以不是绝对时间。
终端20在从休眠状态醒来之后，侦听基站10发送的相对时间偏移量，并根据所保存的时间基准以及相对时间偏移量，可以进行时间校准。
举例来说，终端20可以在上报时刻前的一个或几个SFN周期醒来，接听SFN信息，再与之前该终端20在注册时或基站10发起时间同步时所保存的时间基准进行对比，以确定时间偏差并进行时间校准。其中，时间基准可以相对接收到的SFN偏移x微秒。对于基站10来说，基站10只需维护该相对时间偏移量(如系统帧号)即可，基站10可以通过全球定位系统(Global Positioning System，GPS)、网络时间协议等获取绝对时间，再加上该相对时间偏移量即 可知道终端20上报的具体时刻。
这样，本实施例中，在终端20完成注册时，基站10可以发起时间调整指令以实现时间同步；此后终端20每次从休眠中醒来通过相对时间偏移量和基站10重新对齐时间，从而保证在正确的时刻发射上报数据。
可见，在终端部署后即保持静止、基站没有变化位置的情况下，由于无线传输路径可以认为保持不变，传输时延也基本不变，这种时间校准方法可以认为具有足够的精度。必要时(例如上报信息不完整接收等)基站可以对终端发起时间同步，实现时间校准。
基于以上的分析，本发明实施例的机器类型通信的方法能够适用于大规模机器通信系统，其中终端注册和调度的过程简单一致，能够降低机器通信终端的复杂度和功耗以及对系统资源的占用，能够降低MTC系统的部署成本、延长电池供电设备的使用时间，有利于未来大规模无线机器通信系统的应用。
图2是本发明另一个实施例的机器类型通信的方法的流程图。图2所示的方法包括：
S201，终端接收基站发送的轮询指令。
S202，所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册。
S203，所述终端将注册信息发送至所述基站。
本发明实施例中，终端根据基站发送的轮询指令完成注册，该过程简单一致，能够降低机器通信终端的复杂度和功耗以及对系统资源的占用，能够降低MTC系统的部署成本、延长电池供电设备的使用时间。
可选地，在S201之前，还可以包括：接收所述基站发送的小区广播信息。所述小区广播信息可以包括所述轮询指令的发送位置。小区广播信息还可以包括小区的基本参数，小区的基本参数可以包括以下中的至少一项：小区ID、小区频点、小区频带宽度、天线数量、小区传输环境类型、小区资源使用率、所述基站的发射功率、以及该小区广播信息进行广播时刻的SFN。具体的描述可以参见前述图1的实施例中的S101，这里不再赘述。相应地，S201包括：在所述发送位置上接收所述轮询指令。
作为一例，本发明实施例中，轮询指令可以指示专用接入资源。这样，在S202中，当根据服务订阅信息确定所述终端具有高服务优先级时，在所述专用接入资源上进行注册。也就是说，所述第一接入资源为所述专用接入资源。
作为另一例，本发明实施例中，轮询指令可以指示多个接入资源。接入资源的类型可以为长接入资源或普通接入资源，即轮询指令指示多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源。其中，所述多个长接入资源中的每个长接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息，所述多个普通接入资源中的每个普通接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息。
另外，轮询指令还可以进一步指示接入资源的数量信息，例如，可以指示多个长接入资源的数量为L，多个普通接入资源的数量为N。
可选地，轮询指令还可以进一步指示反馈资源，用于终端在该反馈资源上向基站发送反馈消息。
那么，可理解，在S201之后，还可以包括：计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗；根据所述传输路径损耗，确定将使用的接入资源的类型为长接入资源或普通接入资源；从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源。
其中，可以根据所述小区广播信息所包括的下行发射功率以及所述终端接收所述小区广播信息的实际接收功率，计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗。
例如，可以根据终端的ID、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源。
具体来讲，可以是根据所述终端的ID、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，采用散列函数的方法产生特征序列；根据所述特征序列确定将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；根据所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息，确定所述第一接入资源。其中，散列函数可以为哈希函数。
举例来讲，如果根据所述传输路径损耗，确定将使用的接入资源的类型为长接入资源，那么，随后从所述多个长接入资源中选择第一接入资源。其中，根据所述特征序列确定将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息，可包括：根据所述特征序列的二进制形式的最后
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000005
位的数值，确定所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息。
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000006
表示上取整，L表示所述多个长接入资源的数量。
举例来讲，如果根据所述传输路径损耗，确定将使用的接入资源的类型为普通接入资源，那么，随后从所述多个普通接入资源中选择第一接入资源。其中，根据所述特征序列确定将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息，可包括：根据所述特征序列的二进制形式的最后
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000007
位的数值，确定所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息。
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000008
表示上取整，N表示所述多个普通接入资源的数量。
在S201中，可以包括：接收多个基站中的每个基站发送的轮询指令。并且进一步地，在S201之后，计算与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗；根据与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗，从所述多个基站选择一个基站。
本发明实施例中，S201可以参见前述图1的实施例中S102的描述，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在S202之前，还可以包括：判断是否发起注册。
具体地，可以根据所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号、所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号、所述轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量、所述轮询指令所指示的上一次轮询的资源使用情况，判断是否发起注册。
可选地，终端中可存储用于表示所述终端推迟注册的次数。判断是否发起注册，包括：
将所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号与所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号之差的绝对值作为第一判断依据的特征值，将所述轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量作为第二判断依据的特征值，将所述上一次轮询的资源使用比例的倒数作为第三判断依据的特征值，将所述推迟注册的次数作为第四判断依据的特征值，
将所述第一判断依据的特征值、所述第二判断依据的特征值、所述第三判断依据的特征值与所述第四判断依据的特征值的和或加权和作为判断特征值；
若所述判断特征值大于第一阈值，则确定发起注册；若所述判断特征值小于第二阈值，则确定不发起注册。
其中，所述加权和所使用的权重(也称为加权系数)是所述终端从所述基站发送的小区广播信息中获取的，或者所述加权和所使用的权重是由所述终端 根据MTC服务特性所确定的。
其中，所述第一阈值大于所述第二阈值，所述第一阈值和所述第二阈值是所述终端从所述轮询指令中获取的，或者所述第一阈值和所述第二阈值是所述终端根据所述基站发送的小区广播信息和小区资源的使用情况所确定的。
如果确定发起注册，终端可以采用前述的方法进行注册，并在完成注册之后，可以将所述推迟注册的次数清零。如果确定不发起注册，终端可以向基站发送反馈消息。其中，反馈消息可以包括终端不进行注册的指示信息，以及所述第一判断依据的特征值、所述第二判断依据的特征值、所述第三判断依据的特征值和所述第四判断依据的特征值。
可理解，如果轮询指令指示反馈资源，这里，终端可以在该反馈资源上向基站发送反馈消息。
本发明实施例中，S202可以参见前述图1的实施例中S103的描述，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在S203之前，可以包括：根据所述传输路径损耗，确定上行发射功率；根据所述小区的传输环境信息，估计所述终端与所述基站之间的距离；根据所述传输路径损耗和所述距离，确定发送时间提前量。这样，在S203中，可以采用所述上行发射功率，并利用所述时间提前量，将所述注册信息发送至所述基站。
其中，可以根据所述小区广播信息所包括的下行发射功率以及所述终端接收所述小区广播信息的实际接收功率，计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗。
其中，注册信息可以包括终端的ID和所述终端的类型。
本发明实施例中，S203可以参见前述图1的实施例中S104的描述，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
进一步地，在S203之后，如果在预设的时长内没有收到所述基站的响应消息，所述终端重发所述注册信息。如果在达到最大重发次数之后依然没有收到所述基站的响应消息，所述终端进入休眠状态。
进一步地，在S203之后，还可以包括：接收所述基站转发的鉴权指示信息，其中，所述鉴权指示信息是所述基站从网络设备接收到的；根据所述鉴权指示信息完成与所述网络设备之间的鉴权验证；将终端身份和业务注册信息发 送至所述基站，所述业务注册信息包括业务类型和服务订阅信息；接收所述基站发送的上报时频资源信息；在所述上报时频资源上向所述基站发送数据包。具体地，关于鉴权验证的描述可以参见图1的实施例中的相关描述，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
图3是本发明另一个实施例的机器类型通信的方法的流程图。图3所示的方法包括：
S301，基站向终端发送轮询指令，以使得所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册。
S302，所述基站接收所述终端发送的注册信息。
本发明实施例中，基站向终端发送的轮询指令，以使得终端根据该轮询指令完成注册，该过程简单一致，能够降低机器通信终端的复杂度和功耗以及对系统资源的占用，能够降低MTC系统的部署成本、延长电池供电设备的使用时间。
可选地，在S201之前，还可以包括：以广播的形式发送小区广播信息，所述小区广播信息可以包括所述轮询指令的发送位置，以使得所述终端在所述发送位置上接收所述轮询指令。
另外，小区广播信息还可以包括小区的基本参数，小区的基本参数可以包括以下中的至少一项：小区ID、小区频点、小区频带宽度、天线数量、小区传输环境类型、小区资源使用率、所述基站的发射功率、以及该小区广播信息进行广播时刻的SFN。
具体地，基站可以在在不承载数据的专用频率上，采用不低于预设值的发射功率，广播发送所述小区广播信息。
本发明实施例中，轮询指令可以指示多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源，所述多个长接入资源中的每个长接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息，所述多个普通接入资源中的每个普通接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息。
轮询指令还可以指示反馈资源，进一步，图3所示的方法还可以包括：在所述反馈资源上，接收所述终端发送的反馈消息，所述反馈消息包括所述终端不进行注册的指示信息以及各个判断依据的特征值；根据所述反馈消息调整下次轮询指令指示的接入资源；或者，根据所述反馈消息向网络设备发送警告信息，以便对所述基站进行后续扩容。
本发明实施例中，S301可以参见前述图1的实施例中S102的描述，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
本发明实施例中，注册信息可以包括所述终端的ID和所述终端的类型。
另外，可理解，若基站获取其他多个基站所计算的针对所述终端的多个接收功率损耗，那么基站根据所述基站的接收功率损耗和所述多个接收功率损耗，以及所述基站和所述多个基站所处的区域的传输特性，确定所述终端的位置。其中，传输特性包括数字地图和小区所在地的传输模型。
本发明实施例中，S302可以参见前述图1的实施例中S104的描述，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
可选地，在S302之后，还可以包括：接收网络设备发送的针对所述终端的鉴权指示信息；将所述鉴权指示信息转发至所述终端，以使得所述终端完成与所述网络设备之间的鉴权验证；接收所述终端发送的业务注册信息，所述业务注册信息包括业务类型和服务订阅信息；根据终端身份和所述业务注册信息为所述终端分配上报时频资源信息；接收所述终端根据所述上报时频资源信息发送的上行数据包。具体地，可以参见图1的实施例中S105至S109的描述，这里不再赘述。
可选地，在S302之后，还可以包括：为所述终端建立无线连接，并且不主动释放该无线连接。之后，可以再接收所述网络设备或所述终端发送的终止请求；并根据所述终止请求，断开所述无线连接。
图4是本发明一个实施例的终端的框图。图4所示的终端400包括接收单元401、处理单元402和发送单元403。
接收单元401，用于接收基站发送的轮询指令；
处理单元402，用于在接收单元401接收到的所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
发送单元403，用于将注册信息发送至所述基站。
本发明实施例中，终端根据基站发送的轮询指令完成注册，该过程简单一致，能够降低机器通信终端的复杂度和功耗以及对系统资源的占用，能够降低MTC系统的部署成本、延长电池供电设备的使用时间。
可选地，作为一个实施例，接收单元401，具体用于接收所述基站发送的小区广播信息。
所述小区广播信息可包括所述轮询指令的发送位置，接收单元401具体用于在所述发送位置上接收所述轮询指令。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，所述小区广播信息包括所述基站所在的小区的传输环境信息。处理单元402，还用于：根据所述小区广播信息，计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗；根据所述传输路径损耗，确定上行发射功率；根据所述小区的传输环境信息，估计所述终端与所述基站之间的距离；根据所述传输路径损耗和所述距离，确定发送时间提前量。发送单元403，具体用于：采用所述上行发射功率，并利用所述时间提前量，将所述注册信息发送至所述基站。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，所述轮询指令指示专用接入资源，处理单元402，具体用于：当根据服务订阅信息确定所述终端具有高服务优先级时，在所述专用接入资源上进行注册。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，所述轮询指令指示多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源。处理单元402，还用于：计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗；根据所述传输路径损耗，确定将使用的接入资源的类型为长接入资源或普通接入资源；从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，处理单元402，具体用于：根据所述终端的标识、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，所述多个长接入资源中的每个长接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息，所述多个普通接入资源中的每个普通接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息。处理单元402，具体用于：根据所述终端的标识、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，采用散列函数的终端产生特征序列；根据所述特征序列确定将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；根据所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息，从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中确定所述第一接入资源。其中，所述散列函数可以为哈希函数。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，处理单元402，具体用于：根据所述特征序列的二进制形式的最后
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000009
位的数值，确定所述将使用的接入资源的编号 信息和位置信息。其中，
Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-000010
表示上取整，N表示所述多个长接入资源的数量或者表示所述多个普通接入资源的数量。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，发送单元403，还用于：如果在预设的时长内没有收到所述基站的响应消息，所述终端重发所述注册信息。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，处理单元402，还用于：如果在达到最大重发次数之后依然没有收到所述基站的响应消息，所述终端进入休眠状态。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，处理单元402，还可用于：判断是否发起注册。具体地，可以根据所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号、所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号、所述轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量、所述轮询指令所指示的上一次轮询的资源使用情况，判断是否发起注册。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，所述终端中存储用于表示所述终端推迟注册的次数，处理单元402，具体用于：将所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号与所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号之差的绝对值作为第一判断依据的特征值，将所述轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量作为第二判断依据的特征值，将所述上一次轮询的资源使用比例的倒数作为第三判断依据的特征值，将所述推迟注册的次数作为第四判断依据的特征值；将所述第一判断依据的特征值、所述第二判断依据的特征值、所述第三判断依据的特征值与所述第四判断依据的特征值的和或加权和作为判断特征值；若所述判断特征值大于第一阈值，则确定发起注册；若所述判断特征值小于第二阈值，则确定不发起注册。其中，所述加权和所使用的权重是所述终端从所述基站发送的小区广播信息中获取的，或者所述加权和所使用的权重是由所述终端根据MTC服务特性所确定的。其中，所述第一阈值大于所述第二阈值，所述第一阈值和所述第二阈值是所述终端从所述轮询指令中获取的，或者所述第一阈值和所述第二阈值是所述终端根据所述基站发送的小区广播信息和小区资源的使用情况所确定的。。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，当处理单元402确定不发起注册之后，发送单元403还用于向所述基站发送反馈消息，所述反馈消息包括所述终端不进行注册的指示信息，以及所述第一判断依据的特征值、所述第二判断依据的特征值、所述第三判断依据的特征值和所述第四判断依据的特征值。
例如，可以在轮询指令指示的反馈资源上，向所述基站发送所述反馈消息。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，接收单元401，具体用于：接收多个基站中 的每个基站发送的轮询指令。处理单元402，还可用于：计算与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗；根据与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗，从所述多个基站选择一个基站。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，所述注册信息包括所述终端的标识ID和所述终端的类型。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，接收单元401，还可用于接收所述基站转发的鉴权指示信息，其中，所述鉴权指示信息是所述基站从网络设备接收到的。处理单元402，还可用于根据所述鉴权指示信息完成与所述网络设备之间的鉴权验证。发送单元403，还可用于将终端身份和业务注册信息发送至所述基站，所述业务注册信息包括业务类型和服务订阅信息。接收单元401，还可用于接收所述基站发送的上报时频资源信息。发送单元403，还可用于将在所述上报时频资源上向所述基站发送上行数据包。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，所述网络设备为以下中的任一个：无线接入网、用户身份数据服务器(例如HLR)、鉴权服务器和MTC服务订购服务器。
应注意，本发明实施例中，接收单元401可以由接收器实现，发送单元403可以由发送器实现，处理单元402可以由处理器实现。如图5所示，终端500可以包括处理器501、接收器502、发送器503和存储器504。其中，存储器504可以用于存储推迟注册的次数，还可以用于存储处理器501执行的代码等。
终端500中的各个组件通过总线系统505耦合在一起，其中总线系统505除包括数据总线之外，还包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线。
图4所示的终端400或图5所示的终端500能够实现前述图1和图2的实施例中由终端所实现的各个过程，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
图6是本发明一个实施例的基站的框图。图6所示的基站600包括发送单元601和接收单元602。
发送单元601，用于向终端发送轮询指令，以使得所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
接收单元602，用于接收所述终端发送的注册信息。
本发明实施例中，基站向终端发送的轮询指令，以使得终端根据该轮询指令完成注册，该过程简单一致，能够降低机器通信终端的复杂度和功耗以及对 系统资源的占用，能够降低MTC系统的部署成本、延长电池供电设备的使用时间。
可选地，作为一个实施例，发送单元601，还可用于：以广播的形式发送小区广播信息，所述小区广播信息包括所述轮询指令的发送位置，以使得所述终端在所述发送位置上接收所述轮询指令。
其中，所述小区广播信息还可以包括以下中的至少一项：小区标识ID、小区频点、小区频带宽度、天线数量、小区传输环境类型、系统帧号、小区资源使用率和所述基站的发射功率。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，发送单元601，具体用于：在不承载数据的专用频率上，采用不低于预设值的发射功率，广播发送所述小区广播信息。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，所述轮询指令指示多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源，所述多个长接入资源中的每个长接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息，所述多个普通接入资源中的每个普通接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，基站600还可以包括处理单元。所述轮询指令还指示反馈时资源。接收单元602，还可用于：在所述反馈资源上，接收所述终端发送的反馈消息，所述反馈消息包括所述终端不进行注册的指示信息以及各个判断依据的特征值。处理单元，用于根据所述反馈消息调整下次轮询指令指示的接入资源；或者，根据所述反馈消息向网络设备发送警告信息，以便对所述基站进行后续扩容。
可选地，接收单元602接收到的注册信息可包括所述终端的标识ID和所述终端的类型。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，接收单元602，还可用于获取其他多个基站所计算的针对所述终端的多个接收功率损耗。处理单元，还可用于根据所述基站的接收功率损耗和所述多个接收功率损耗，以及所述基站和所述多个基站所处的区域的传输特性，确定所述终端的位置。其中，所述传输特性包括数字地图和小区所在地的传输模型。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，接收单元602，还可用于接收网络设备发送的针对所述终端的鉴权指示信息。发送单元601，还可用于将所述鉴权指示信息转发至所述终端，以使得所述终端完成与所述网络设备之间的鉴权验证。接收单元602，还可用于接收所述终端发送的终端身份和业务注册信息，所述业 务注册信息包括业务类型和服务订阅信息。处理单元，用于根据所述业务注册信息为所述终端分配上报时频资源信息。接收单元602，还用于接收所述终端根据所述上报时频资源信息发送的上行数据包。
可选地，作为另一个实施例，处理单元，还可用于：为所述终端建立无线连接。进一步地，接收单元602，还可用于接收所述网络设备或所述终端发送的终止请求。处理单元，还用于根据所述终止请求，释放所述无线连接。
应注意，本发明实施例中，接收单元402可以由接收器实现，发送单元401可以由发送器实现，处理单元可以由处理器实现。如图7所示，基站700可以包括处理器701、接收器702、发送器703和存储器704。其中，存储器704可以用于存储处理器701执行的代码等。
基站700中的各个组件通过总线系统705耦合在一起，其中总线系统705除包括数据总线之外，还包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线。
图6所示的基站600或图7所示的终端700能够实现前述图1和图2的实施例中由基站所实现的各个过程，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
应注意，本发明上述方法实施例可以应用于处理器中，或者由处理器实现。处理器可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
可以理解，本发明实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只 读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(RandomAccess Memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(SynchlinkDRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(DirectRambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部 单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(RandomAccess Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (68)

  1. 一种机器类型通信MTC的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端接收基站发送的轮询指令；
    所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；以及
    所述终端将注册信息发送至所述基站。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述接收基站发送的轮询指令之前，还包括：
    接收所述基站发送的小区广播信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述小区广播信息包括所述轮询指令的发送位置；所述接收基站发送的轮询指令，包括：
    在所述发送位置上接收所述轮询指令。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述小区广播信息包括所述基站所在的小区的传输环境信息，
    在将注册信息发送至所述基站之前，还包括：
    根据所述小区广播信息，计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗；
    根据所述传输路径损耗，确定上行发射功率；
    根据所述小区的传输环境信息，估计所述终端与所述基站之间的距离；
    根据所述传输路径损耗和所述距离，确定发送时间提前量；
    所述将注册信息发送至所述基站，包括：
    采用所述上行发射功率，并利用所述时间提前量，将所述注册信息发送至所述基站。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轮询指令指示专用接入资源，在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册，包括：
    当根据服务订阅信息确定所述终端具有高服务优先级时，在所述专用接入资源上进行注册。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轮询指令指示多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源；
    在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册之前，还包括：
    计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗；
    根据所述传输路径损耗，确定将使用的接入资源的类型为长接入资源或普通接入资源；
    从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源，包括：
    根据所述终端的标识、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个长接入资源中的每个长接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息，所述多个普通接入资源中的每个普通接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息；
    所述从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源，包括：
    根据所述终端的标识、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，采用散列函数的方法产生特征序列；
    根据所述特征序列确定将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；
    根据所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息，从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中确定所述第一接入资源。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述散列函数为哈希函数。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述特征序列确定将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息，包括：
    根据所述特征序列的二进制形式的最后
    Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-100001
    位的数值，确定所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-100002
    表示上取整，N表示所述多个长接入资源的数量或者表示所述多个普通接入资源的数量。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    如果在预设的时长内没有收到所述基站的响应消息，所述终端重发所述注 册信息。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    如果在达到最大重发次数之后依然没有收到所述基站的响应消息，所述终端进入休眠状态。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册之前，还包括：
    判断是否发起注册。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述判断是否发起注册，包括：
    根据所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号、所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号、所述轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量、所述轮询指令所指示的上一次轮询的资源使用情况，判断是否发起注册。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端中存储用于表示所述终端推迟注册的次数，所述判断是否发起注册，包括：
    将所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号与所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号之差的绝对值作为第一判断依据的特征值，将所述轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量作为第二判断依据的特征值，将所述上一次轮询的资源使用比例的倒数作为第三判断依据的特征值，将所述推迟注册的次数作为第四判断依据的特征值；
    将所述第一判断依据的特征值、所述第二判断依据的特征值、所述第三判断依据的特征值与所述第四判断依据的特征值的和或加权和作为判断特征值；
    若所述判断特征值大于第一阈值，则确定发起注册；若所述判断特征值小于第二阈值，则确定不发起注册；
    其中，所述加权和所使用的权重是所述终端从所述基站发送的小区广播信息中获取的，或者所述加权和所使用的权重是由所述终端根据MTC服务特性所确定的；
    其中，所述第一阈值大于所述第二阈值，所述第一阈值和所述第二阈值是所述终端从所述轮询指令中获取的，或者所述第一阈值和所述第二阈值是所述终端根据所述基站发送的小区广播信息和小区资源的使用情况所确定的。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述确定不发起注册之后，还包括：
    向所述基站发送反馈消息，所述反馈消息包括所述终端不进行注册的指示信息，以及所述第一判断依据的特征值、所述第二判断依据的特征值、所述第三判断依据的特征值和所述第四判断依据的特征值。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述向所述基站发送反馈消息，包括：
    在所述轮询指令指示的反馈资源上，向所述基站发送所述反馈消息。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述接收基站发送的轮询指令，包括：
    接收多个基站中的每个基站发送的轮询指令；
    在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册之前，还包括：
    计算与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗；
    根据与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗，从所述多个基站选择一个基站。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述注册信息包括所述终端的标识ID和所述终端的类型。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收所述基站转发的鉴权指示信息，其中，所述鉴权指示信息是所述基站从网络设备接收到的；
    根据所述鉴权指示信息完成与所述网络设备之间的鉴权验证；
    将终端身份和业务注册信息发送至所述基站，所述业务注册信息包括业务类型和服务订阅信息；
    接收所述基站发送的上报时频资源信息；
    在所述上报时频资源上向所述基站发送上行数据包。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备为以下中的任一个：
    无线接入网、用户身份数据服务器、鉴权服务器和MTC服务订购服务器。
  22. 一种机器类型通信MTC的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    基站向终端发送轮询指令，以使得所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
    所述基站接收所述终端发送的注册信息。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述向终端发送轮询指令之前，还包括：
    以广播的形式发送小区广播信息，所述小区广播信息包括所述轮询指令的发送位置，以使得所述终端在所述发送位置上接收所述轮询指令。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述以广播的形式发送小区广播信息，包括：
    在不承载数据的专用频率上，采用不低于预设值的发射功率，广播发送所述小区广播信息。
  25. 根据权利要求23或24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述小区广播信息还包括以下中的至少一项：
    小区标识ID、小区频点、小区频带宽度、天线数量、小区传输环境类型、系统帧号、小区资源使用率和所述基站的发射功率。
  26. 根据权利要求22至25任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轮询指令指示多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源，所述多个长接入资源中的每个长接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息，所述多个普通接入资源中的每个普通接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息。
  27. 根据权利要求22至26任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述轮询指令指示反馈资源，所述方法还包括：
    在所述反馈资源上，接收所述终端发送的反馈消息，所述反馈消息包括所述终端不进行注册的指示信息以及各个判断依据的特征值；
    根据所述反馈消息调整下次轮询指令指示的接入资源；或者，根据所述反馈消息向网络设备发送警告信息，以便对所述基站进行后续扩容。
  28. 根据权利要求22至27任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述注册信息包括所述终端的标识ID和所述终端的类型。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述基站获取其他多个基站所计算的针对所述终端的多个接收功率损耗；
    所述基站根据所述基站的接收功率损耗和所述多个接收功率损耗，以及所述基站和所述多个基站所处的区域的传输特性，确定所述终端的位置。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述传输特性包括数字地图和小区所在地的传输模型。
  31. 根据权利要求22至30任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收网络设备发送的针对所述终端的鉴权指示信息；
    将所述鉴权指示信息转发至所述终端，以使得所述终端完成与所述网络设备之间的鉴权验证；
    接收所述终端发送的终端身份和业务注册信息，所述业务注册信息包括业务类型和服务订阅信息；
    根据所述业务注册信息为所述终端分配上报时频资源信息；
    接收所述终端根据所述上报时频资源信息发送的上行数据包。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述根据所述业务注册信息为所述终端分配上报时频资源信息之前，还包括：
    为所述终端建立无线连接。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收所述网络设备或所述终端发送的终止请求；
    根据所述终止请求，释放所述无线连接。
  34. 根据权利要求31至33任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络设备为以下中的任一个：
    无线接入网、用户身份数据服务器、鉴权服务器和MTC服务订购服务器。
  35. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于接收基站发送的轮询指令；
    处理单元，用于在所述接收单元接收到的所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
    发送单元，用于将注册信息发送至所述基站。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的终端，其特征在于，所述接收单元还用于：接收所述基站发送的小区广播信息。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的终端，其特征在于，所述小区广播信息包括 所述轮询指令的发送位置；
    所述接收单元具体用于：在所述发送位置上接收所述轮询指令。
  38. 根据权利要求36或37所述的终端，其特征在于，所述小区广播信息包括所述基站所在的小区的传输环境信息，
    所述处理单元，还用于：
    根据所述小区广播信息，计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗；
    根据所述传输路径损耗，确定上行发射功率；
    根据所述小区的传输环境信息，估计所述终端与所述基站之间的距离；
    根据所述传输路径损耗和所述距离，确定发送时间提前量；
    所述发送单元，具体用于：
    采用所述上行发射功率，并利用所述时间提前量，将所述注册信息发送至所述基站。
  39. 根据权利要求35至38任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述轮询指令指示专用接入资源，所述处理单元，具体用于：
    当根据服务订阅信息确定所述终端具有高服务优先级时，在所述专用接入资源上进行注册。
  40. 根据权利要求35至38任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述轮询指令指示多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源；
    所述处理单元，还用于：
    计算所述终端与所述基站之间的传输路径损耗；
    根据所述传输路径损耗，确定将使用的接入资源的类型为长接入资源或普通接入资源；
    从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的终端，其特征在于，所述处理单元，具体用于：
    根据所述终端的标识、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中选择所述第一接入资源。
  42. 根据权利要求40或41所述的终端，其特征在于，所述多个长接入资源中的每个长接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息，所述多个普通接入资源中的每个普通接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息；
    所述处理单元，具体用于：
    根据所述终端的标识、小区广播信息以及所述终端接收所述轮询指令的时间戳，采用散列函数的终端产生特征序列；
    根据所述特征序列确定将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；
    根据所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息，从所述多个长接入资源或者所述多个普通接入资源中确定所述第一接入资源。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的终端，其特征在于，所述散列函数为哈希函数。
  44. 根据权利要求42或43所述的终端，其特征在于，所述处理单元，具体用于：
    根据所述特征序列的二进制形式的最后
    Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-100003
    位的数值，确定所述将使用的接入资源的编号信息和位置信息；
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2016080338-appb-100004
    表示上取整，N表示所述多个长接入资源的数量或者表示所述多个普通接入资源的数量。
  45. 根据权利要求35至44任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述发送单元，还用于：
    如果在预设的时长内没有收到所述基站的响应消息，所述终端重发所述注册信息。
  46. 根据权利要求45所述的终端，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：
    如果在达到最大重发次数之后依然没有收到所述基站的响应消息，所述终端进入休眠状态。
  47. 根据权利要求35至46任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：判断是否发起注册。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的终端，其特征在于，所述处理单元，具体用于：
    根据所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号、所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧 号、所述轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量、所述轮询指令所指示的上一次轮询的资源使用情况，判断是否发起注册。
  49. 根据权利要求47或48所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端中存储用于表示所述终端推迟注册的次数，所述处理单元，具体用于：
    将所述轮询指令所处的系统帧号与所述终端在开机时搜索到的系统帧号之差的绝对值作为第一判断依据的特征值，将所述轮询指令所指示的接入资源的数量作为第二判断依据的特征值，将所述上一次轮询的资源使用比例的倒数作为第三判断依据的特征值，将所述推迟注册的次数作为第四判断依据的特征值；
    将所述第一判断依据的特征值、所述第二判断依据的特征值、所述第三判断依据的特征值与所述第四判断依据的特征值的和或加权和作为判断特征值；
    若所述判断特征值大于第一阈值，则确定发起注册；若所述判断特征值小于第二阈值，则确定不发起注册；
    其中，所述加权和所使用的权重是所述终端从所述基站发送的小区广播信息中获取的，或者所述加权和所使用的权重是由所述终端根据MTC服务特性所确定的；
    其中，所述第一阈值大于所述第二阈值，所述第一阈值和所述第二阈值是所述终端从所述轮询指令中获取的，或者所述第一阈值和所述第二阈值是所述终端根据所述基站发送的小区广播信息和小区资源的使用情况所确定的。
  50. 根据权利要求49所述的终端，其特征在于，当所述处理单元确定不发起注册之后，所述发送单元还用于：
    向所述基站发送反馈消息，所述反馈消息包括所述终端不进行注册的指示信息，以及所述第一判断依据的特征值、所述第二判断依据的特征值、所述第三判断依据的特征值和所述第四判断依据的特征值。
  51. 根据权利要求50所述的终端，其特征在于，所述发送单元具体用于：
    在所述轮询指令指示的反馈资源上，向所述基站发送所述反馈消息。
  52. 根据权利要求35至51任一项所述的终端，
    所述接收单元，具体用于：
    接收多个基站中的每个基站发送的轮询指令；
    所述处理单元，还用于：
    计算与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗；
    根据与所述多个基站中的每个基站之间的传输路径损耗，从所述多个基站选择一个基站。
  53. 根据权利要求35至52任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述注册信息包括所述终端的标识ID和所述终端的类型。
  54. 根据权利要求35至53任一项所述的终端，其特征在于：
    所述接收单元，还用于接收所述基站转发的鉴权指示信息，其中，所述鉴权指示信息是所述基站从网络设备接收到的；
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述鉴权指示信息完成与所述网络设备之间的鉴权验证；
    所述发送单元，还用于将终端身份和业务注册信息发送至所述基站，所述业务注册信息包括业务类型和服务订阅信息；
    所述接收单元，还用于接收所述基站发送的上报时频资源信息；
    所述发送单元，还用于将在所述上报时频资源上向所述基站发送上行数据包。
  55. 根据权利要求54所述的终端，其特征在于，所述网络设备为以下中的任一个：
    无线接入网、用户身份数据服务器、鉴权服务器和MTC服务订购服务器。
  56. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：
    发送单元，用于向终端发送轮询指令，以使得所述终端在所述轮询指令指示的第一接入资源上进行注册；
    接收单元，用于接收所述终端发送的注册信息。
  57. 根据权利要求56所述的基站，其特征在于，所述发送单元，还用于：
    以广播的形式发送小区广播信息，所述小区广播信息包括所述轮询指令的发送位置，以使得所述终端在所述发送位置上接收所述轮询指令。
  58. 根据权利要求57所述的基站，其特征在于，所述发送单元，具体用于：
    在不承载数据的专用频率上，采用不低于预设值的发射功率，广播发送所 述小区广播信息。
  59. 根据权利要求57或58所述的基站，其特征在于，所述小区广播信息还包括以下中的至少一项：
    小区标识ID、小区频点、小区频带宽度、天线数量、小区传输环境类型、系统帧号、小区资源使用率和所述基站的发射功率。
  60. 根据权利要求56至59任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述轮询指令指示多个长接入资源和多个普通接入资源，所述多个长接入资源中的每个长接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息，所述多个普通接入资源中的每个普通接入资源包括位置信息和编号信息。
  61. 根据权利要求56至60任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述轮询指令指示反馈资源，所述基站还包括处理单元，
    所述接收单元，还用于：
    在所述反馈资源上，接收所述终端发送的反馈消息，所述反馈消息包括所述终端不进行注册的指示信息以及各个判断依据的特征值；
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述反馈消息调整下次轮询指令指示的接入资源；或者，根据所述反馈消息向网络设备发送警告信息，以便对所述基站进行后续扩容。
  62. 根据权利要求56至61任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述注册信息包括所述终端的标识ID和所述终端的类型。
  63. 根据权利要求62所述的基站，其特征在于，所述基站还包括处理单元：
    所述接收单元，还用于获取其他多个基站所计算的针对所述终端的多个接收功率损耗；
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述基站的接收功率损耗和所述多个接收功率损耗，以及所述基站和所述多个基站所处的区域的传输特性，确定所述终端的位置。
  64. 根据权利要求63所述的基站，其特征在于，所述传输特性包括数字地图和小区所在地的传输模型。
  65. 根据权利要求56至64任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，还包括处理 单元：
    所述接收单元，还用于接收网络设备发送的针对所述终端的鉴权指示信息；
    所述发送单元，还用于将所述鉴权指示信息转发至所述终端，以使得所述终端完成与所述网络设备之间的鉴权验证；
    所述接收单元，还用于接收所述终端发送的终端身份和业务注册信息，所述业务注册信息包括业务类型和服务订阅信息；
    所述处理单元，用于根据所述业务注册信息为所述终端分配上报时频资源信息；
    所述接收单元，还用于接收所述终端根据所述上报时频资源信息发送的上行数据包。
  66. 根据权利要求65所述的基站，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：为所述终端建立无线连接。
  67. 根据权利要求66所述的基站，其特征在于：
    所述接收单元，还用于接收所述网络设备或所述终端发送的终止请求；
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述终止请求，释放所述无线连接。
  68. 根据权利要求65至67任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述网络设备为以下中的任一个：
    无线接入网、用户身份数据服务器、鉴权服务器和MTC服务订购服务器。
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