WO2016206591A1 - 电加工装置及电加工方法 - Google Patents

电加工装置及电加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016206591A1
WO2016206591A1 PCT/CN2016/086821 CN2016086821W WO2016206591A1 WO 2016206591 A1 WO2016206591 A1 WO 2016206591A1 CN 2016086821 W CN2016086821 W CN 2016086821W WO 2016206591 A1 WO2016206591 A1 WO 2016206591A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
rotatable shaft
workpiece
centrifugal force
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/086821
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁人炜
陈晓宾
刘栋
吴勇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US15/504,792 priority Critical patent/US10843283B2/en
Priority to EP16813707.3A priority patent/EP3342520B1/en
Priority to JP2017506998A priority patent/JP6855369B2/ja
Publication of WO2016206591A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016206591A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/12—Rotating-disc electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
    • B23H9/14—Making holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/22—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
    • B23H1/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of processing, and more particularly to an electrical processing apparatus and an electrical processing method.
  • the ring groove is machined on the inner rotary surface of the workpiece with the inner rotary hole, mainly by lathe or milling machine.
  • this conventional processing method is generally time consuming and requires the use of highly rigid processing tools.
  • the force of the contacted tool may be unevenly generated to generate vibration. Different degrees of vibration lines are left on the annular surface of the processed ring groove, thereby affecting the roughness of the annular surface of the processed ring groove, thereby affecting the processing quality of the workpiece.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides an electrical machining apparatus including a rotatable shaft and an electrode for electrical machining, the electrode being movably coupled to the rotatable shaft.
  • the electrode when the rotatable shaft is rotated, the electrode rotates together with the rotatable shaft and moves relative to the rotatable shaft under the action of centrifugal force, and controls the rotation based on the rotational speed of the rotatable shaft The moving distance of the electrode.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides an electrical machining method including: movably connecting an electrode to a rotatable shaft; inserting the rotatable shaft into a hole of a workpiece, and the electrode Maintaining a gap with the workpiece, wherein the hole has a first diameter; energizing the electrode and the workpiece; rotating the rotatable shaft within the bore to generate a centrifugal force; and under the effect of the centrifugal force The electrode is urged toward the workpiece relative to the rotatable shaft to etch away a portion of the aperture such that the aperture has a second diameter, wherein the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.
  • the electric machining apparatus and the electric machining method according to the embodiment of the present invention are simple, easy to implement, and have a low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric machining apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention before machining a workpiece;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric machining apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention in processing a workpiece;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a workpiece of a specific embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the workpiece shown in Figure 5 after processing
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a workpiece of another embodiment
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the workpiece shown in Figure 7 after processing
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an electrical processing system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric machining apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention before machining a workpiece;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of an electric machining apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. a schematic cross-section of the process
  • Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line F-F of Figure 12.
  • FIG. 14 is a flow chart of an electrical machining method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 show schematic views of an electromachining device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figs. 1 and 2 show a schematic view of the electromachining device 1 before its rotatable shaft 11 is rotated, Fig. 3 And FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of the electromachining device 1 after its rotatable shaft 11 has been rotated.
  • an electrical machining apparatus 1 includes a rotatable shaft 11 and an electrode 12 for electrical machining, wherein the rotatable shaft 11 has an axis of rotation 110,
  • the pole 12 includes a first electrode 121 and a second electrode 122, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are movably coupled to the rotatable shaft 11, and the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are opposite to the rotatable shaft 11
  • the axis of rotation 110 is symmetrically disposed, and it can be said that the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are evenly distributed on the rotatable shaft 11. As shown in FIGS.
  • an elastic member such as a spring 13 is connected between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, so that under the elastic force of the spring 13,
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are positioned relative to the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may also be positioned relative to the rotatable shaft 11 by two separate springs.
  • the rotatable shaft 11 is provided with a receiving space 111 for receiving the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are movable in the receiving space 111.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be accommodated in the accommodating space 111 of the rotatable shaft 11, so that the size of the electric working device 1 can be reduced. Also, protection of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be achieved. As shown in FIGS.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be translated away from each other relative to the rotatable shaft 11 in the accommodating space 111 by centrifugal force.
  • the electric machining device 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention is not limited to being provided with the accommodating space 111 on the rotatable shaft 11, and in another alternative or additional example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may also be directly It is connected to the end or side of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the rotatable shaft 11 is respectively provided with limiting portions 1131, 1132, and the limiting portions 1131, 1132 on the rotatable shaft 11 are respectively used to limit the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122.
  • the maximum moving distance In the embodiment, the limiting portion 1131, 1132 is disposed in the receiving space 111 of the rotatable shaft 11, and correspondingly, the blocking electrodes 1211 and 1221 are respectively disposed on the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122.
  • the blocking blocks 1211 and 1221 of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 will respectively be respectively associated with the limiting portions 1131 and 1132 of the rotatable shaft 11. Cooperating, thereby, the continued movement of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 with respect to the rotatable shaft 11 can be prevented.
  • the rotatable shaft 11 is movable along the axis of rotation 110 of the rotatable shaft 11 such that by controlling the movement of the rotatable shaft 11 along its axis of rotation 110 (ie, axial movement), The movement (i.e., axial movement) of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 in a direction parallel to the rotational axis 110 of the rotatable shaft 11 is controlled.
  • the electromachining device 1 of the first embodiment may employ an Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process, an Electro-Chemical Machining (ECM) process, or an Electro-Chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) process.
  • EDM Electrical Discharge Machining
  • ECM Electro-Chemical Machining
  • ECDM Electro-Chemical Discharge Machining
  • a first passage 115 for conveying the working fluid is disposed on the rotatable shaft 11, and a second passage 1213 for conveying the working fluid is respectively disposed on the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122.
  • the working fluid can be separately supplied to the region where the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are to be processed by the first passage 115, the second passage 1213, and the third passage 1223 that communicate with each other.
  • the arrangement of the passage for conveying the working fluid of the present invention is not limited thereto, and other suitable arrangements may be employed.
  • the working fluid is delivered to the first electrode 121 and The area where the second electrode 122 is to be processed may be.
  • whether the working fluid used has electrical conductivity or conductivity can be measured according to the electric processing device 1 Determined by the processing technology used.
  • the working fluid may be a Dielectric Fluid
  • the working fluid may be an electrolyte, and preferably An electrolyte with strong conductivity
  • the electroforming device 1 adopts an ECDM processing process the working fluid can be an electrolyte with weak conductivity.
  • the electromachining device 1 can be used to machine a workpiece 200 with a hole 201.
  • the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 can be, for example, a rotary hole, as shown in FIG.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 disclose schematic views of the electrical machining device 1 prior to machining the workpiece 200.
  • the rotatable shaft 11 of the electric machining device 1 can be inserted into the hole 201 of the workpiece 200, and the first electrode 121 and the second electrode, respectively, A certain gap 301, 302 is maintained between the 122 and the workpiece 200.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are held in the accommodating space 111 of the rotatable shaft 11 by the elastic force of the spring 13.
  • the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 has a first diameter D1.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 disclose schematic views of the electrical machining device 1 in the process of machining the workpiece 200.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200 are energized such that the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200 are There is an opposite polarity between them, and the rotatable shaft 11 is rotated within the hole 201 of the workpiece 200.
  • the rotation of the rotatable shaft 11 drives the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 to rotate together, and the rotatable shaft 11 rotates to generate a centrifugal force, and the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be opposed to the workpiece 200 by the centrifugal force.
  • the rotatable shafts 11 are translated away from each other, at which time the spring 13 is stretched, with the movement of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, between the first electrode 121 with the opposite polarity and the workpiece 200 and in the belt
  • a spark discharge is generated between the second electrode 122 having the opposite polarity and the workpiece 200, thereby etching a portion of the material of the hole 201 of the workpiece 200. Therefore, in conjunction with FIG.
  • the annular groove 203 is formed in one step, and the annular groove 203 has a second diameter D2, that is, the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 after processing has a second diameter D2, wherein the second diameter D2 is larger than the first diameter D1.
  • the ring groove 203 includes a cylindrical surface 2031 having a second diameter D2 and a flat surface 2032.
  • the electric working device 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure and low cost, is very easy to implement, and the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be simultaneously moved toward the workpiece 200 during processing. Thereby, a spark discharge can be generated simultaneously at the gap 301 between the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and at the gap 302 between the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200, the first electrode 121 and the first portion of the electromachining device 1
  • the two electrodes 122 can simultaneously process the workpiece 200. Since the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the rotation axis 110 of the rotatable shaft 11, the force of the electromachining device 1 during the entire machining process is compared. Uniformity, in turn, can improve the flatness of the surface finish of the workpiece 200.
  • the moving distance of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be controlled based on the rotational speed of the rotatable shaft 11, thereby controlling the size of the gap 301 between the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and between the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200.
  • the gap 302 is sized, and the size of the second diameter D2 of the hole 201 of the processed workpiece 200 can be controlled.
  • the working fluid having a certain pressure may be respectively separated by the first passage 115, the second passage 1213 and the third passage 1223 which are connected to each other between the rotatable shaft 11, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. It is supplied to the region to be processed by the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, specifically, the gap 301 between the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and the gap 302 between the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200, as shown in the figure.
  • the dotted arrow in 4 is shown, so that during the processing of the workpiece 200, the working fluid having a certain pressure can wash the processing area of the workpiece 200, and the processing liquid can be processed by the flushing of the working fluid with a certain pressure. The debris is drained in time to ensure that the processing area of the workpiece 200 is clean.
  • the etched portion of the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 (i.e., the ring groove 203) can have a complete cylindrical surface or a portion of the cylindrical surface. Furthermore, since the rotatable shaft 11 is movable along its axis of rotation 110, it can also be connected The movement of the rotatable shaft 11 along its axis of rotation 110 is continued to control the depth (i.e., axial depth) of the ring groove 203 in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation 110 of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a schematic view of a workpiece 200 of a specific embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in an embodiment of the invention, the electromachining device 1 can be used to process structurally structured
  • the workpiece 200 of the rotary hole 201 referring to Fig. 5, prior to machining, the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 has a first diameter D1, and the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 is symmetrical with respect to the center line of rotation.
  • the electromachining device 1 can be machined from the middle of the hole 201 of the workpiece 200.
  • a ring groove 203 can be further machined in the middle of the hole 201 of the workpiece 200, the ring groove 203 A cylindrical surface 2031 having a second diameter D2 and a flat surface 2032 including a bottom surface and a top surface.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show schematic views of another embodiment of a workpiece 200 ⁇ , as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in another embodiment of the present invention, the electromachining device 1 can also be used to process structures.
  • Irregular workpiece 200 ⁇ with rotating hole 201 referring to Fig. 7, before processing, hole 201 of workpiece 200 ⁇ also has a first diameter D1, but hole 201 of workpiece 200 ⁇ is asymmetric with respect to the center line of rotation
  • the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 ⁇ has an end portion that is not unequal in a direction (axial direction) parallel to the rotational axis 110 of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the electromachining device 1 can also be processed from the end of the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 ⁇ , for example, in the case where the electrode 12 includes the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, under the action of centrifugal force
  • the end of the hole 201 pushes the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 in opposite directions to etch away at least a portion of the material of the end of the hole 201, and thus, referring to Fig. 8, after processing, the hole may be in the workpiece 200?
  • a ring groove 203 is further machined at the end of the ring 201, the ring groove 203 having a cylindrical surface 2031 of a second diameter D2 and a flat surface 2032 comprising only a bottom surface. Since the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 ⁇ has an axial direction before processing The end portion is not equal in height, and therefore, the ring groove 203 formed after the processing also has an end portion which is not equal in the axial direction.
  • an electrical machining system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes the present invention.
  • the power source 3 includes a positive (+) lead 31 and a negative (-) lead 32.
  • the positive lead 31 of the power supply 3 is shown connected to the workpiece 200 to be processed, so that after the power supply 3 is turned on, it can be processed.
  • the workpiece 200 is positively charged, and the negative lead 32 of the power source 3 is shown connected to the rotatable shaft 11 of the electromachining device 1, wherein the rotatable shaft 11 is electrically connected to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, respectively.
  • connection whereby the negative electrode lead 32 of the power source 3 can be indirectly connected to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 of the electric machining device 1 through the rotatable shaft 11, so that the first electrode 121 can be made after the power source 3 is turned on And the second electrode 122 is negatively charged.
  • the present invention is not limited to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 being negatively supplied by the power source 3 and the workpiece 200 being positively charged by the power source 3.
  • the first electrode 121 may be used.
  • the second electrode 122 is positively charged by the power source 3 and the workpiece 200 is negatively charged by the power source 3. This simple manner of conversion does not depart from the inventive essence of the present invention.
  • the positive and negative leads 31, 32 of the power source 3 can also be connected to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200 by other suitable means.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be made The manner in which the power source 3 having the opposite polarity is provided between the workpieces 200 and the workpiece 200 is within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the power source 3 can communicate with the machine tool 5.
  • the servo motor 7 mounted on the machine tool 5 is used to drive the rotation of the rotatable shaft 11 of the electric machining device 1.
  • the working fluid supply device 9 is used to supply the working fluid of a certain pressure to the first electrode 115, the second channel 1213 and the third channel 1223 which are mutually connected to each other through the electrical processing device 1 when the workpiece 200 is processed, and the first electrode 121 and the third channel 1223 are respectively supplied to the first electrode 121.
  • the electrical machining system 100 can also detect whether a short circuit occurs between the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and between the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200. When the power source 3 detects that a short circuit occurs, the power source 3 will send a short circuit signal to the machine tool 5, and the servo motor 7 on the machine tool 5 will reduce the rotation speed of the rotatable shaft 11 of the electric machining device 1 after receiving the short circuit signal.
  • the spring 13 pulls back the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 to enlarge the gap 301 between the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and the second
  • the gap 302 between the electrode 122 and the workpiece 200 is sized to eliminate the short circuit, causing the electrical machining device 1 to return to the normal operating state.
  • the power source 3 of the electrical machining system 100 can also detect whether an open circuit has occurred between the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and between the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200.
  • the power source 3 will send an open circuit signal to the machine tool 5, and the servo motor 7 on the machine tool 5 will increase the rotational speed of the rotatable shaft 11 of the electric machining device 1 after receiving the open circuit signal.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 will move further away from each other, the elastic force of the spring 13 increases, the gap 301 between the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200, and the gap 302 between the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200 The size is reduced to eliminate the open circuit, causing the electrical machining device 1 to return to normal operation.
  • the electrical machining system 100 of the present invention can also be used to machine a workpiece 200 as shown in Figures 7 and 8.
  • FIGS. 10 to 13 are schematic views showing an electric working device 1 ⁇ according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figs. 10 and 11 disclose a schematic view of the electric working device 1 ⁇ before machining the workpiece 200, Fig. 12 and FIG. 13 discloses a schematic view of the electrical machining device 1 ⁇ in the process of machining the workpiece 200. As shown in FIGS.
  • the electric working device 1 ⁇ of the second embodiment also includes a rotatable shaft 11 and an electrode 12 for electrical machining, wherein
  • the rotatable shaft 11 has an axis of rotation 110
  • the electrode 12 also includes a first electrode 121 and a second electrode 122
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are movably coupled to the rotatable shaft 11
  • the first electrode 121 and The second electrode 122 is symmetrically disposed with respect to the axis of rotation 110 of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 also have respective rotation axes 1210, 1220.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are rotatable together with the rotatable shaft 11 about the axis of rotation 110 of the rotatable shaft 11, while the rotatable shaft 11 is rotated to generate centrifugal force.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be reversed under the action of centrifugal force.
  • the directions are rotated about respective rotation axes 1210, 1220 such that the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 move relative to the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the rotation angles of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be controlled based on the rotation speed of the rotatable shaft 11, and the movement distance of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 with respect to the rotatable shaft 11 can be controlled.
  • the rotatable shaft 11 may be provided with a stopper (not shown) for restricting the maximum moving distance of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122.
  • the rotatable shaft 11 of the electric machining device 1 ⁇ can be inserted into the hole 201 of the workpiece 200, and the first electrode 121 and the first electrode, respectively.
  • a certain gap 301, 302 is maintained between the two electrodes 122 and the workpiece 200.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are held in the accommodating space 111 of the rotatable shaft 11 by the elastic force of the spring 13.
  • the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 has a first diameter D1.
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200 are energized such that the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and the second electrode 122 and the workpiece
  • the opposite polarity is present between 200 and the rotatable shaft 11 is rotated within the bore 201 of the workpiece 200.
  • the rotation of the rotatable shaft 11 drives the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 to rotate together, and the rotatable shaft 11 rotates to generate a centrifugal force, and the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can rotate around the respective rotation axes under the action of centrifugal force.
  • the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 may have a second diameter D2, wherein the second diameter D2 is greater than the first diameter D1.
  • the rotation angle of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be controlled based on the rotation speed of the rotatable shaft 11, thereby controlling the moving distance of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 with respect to the rotatable shaft 11, thereby controlling the first electrode
  • the size of the gap 301 between the 121 and the workpiece 200 and the size of the gap 302 between the second electrode 122 and the workpiece 200, and the size of the second diameter D2 of the hole 201 of the processed workpiece 200 can be controlled.
  • the electromachining device 1 of the second embodiment has the electromagnetization device 1 of the second embodiment except that the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are slightly different from the electromachining device 1 of the first embodiment.
  • the structure of the electromachining apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is substantially similar to that of the electromachining apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, and the advantageous technical effects similar to those of the electromachining apparatus 1 of the first embodiment are obtained, and therefore will not be described herein.
  • the electric machining device 1 ⁇ of the second embodiment can also be used to process the workpiece 200 ⁇ as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the electric machining system 100 of the second embodiment may also be used in the electric machining system 100 shown in FIG. 9, and details are not described herein again.
  • the electrode 12 including the two electrodes 121 and 122 as an example.
  • the electrode 12 is not limited to including only two electrodes 121, 122.
  • the electrode 12 may include a plurality of electrodes movably coupled to the rotatable shaft 11, and the plurality of electrodes are evenly distributed over the rotatable On the shaft 11.
  • the plurality of electrodes can follow the rotatable shaft 11 With the rotation and under the action of the centrifugal force, it is possible to move relative to the rotatable shaft 11 in different directions, and the moving distance of the plurality of electrodes with respect to the rotatable shaft 11 can be controlled based on the rotational speed of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the electromachining device using a plurality of electrodes can obtain the electromachining device 1 and 1 ⁇ using the two electrodes 121 and 122, for example, the electromachining device 1 of the first embodiment, and the electromachining device 1 of the second embodiment.
  • a substantially similar beneficial technical effect, the electromachining device using a plurality of electrodes also has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easy realization, and the like, and in the process of processing, a plurality of electrodes can simultaneously face the workpiece 200, 200 from different directions.
  • the electromachining device using a plurality of electrodes is equally uniform in the whole process, and the electromachining device using a plurality of electrodes can make the surface processed by the workpieces 200, 200 ⁇ have a better level. degree.
  • the electromachining apparatus of the present invention employing at least two or more electrodes is in the process of processing for the structurally regular workpiece 200 (refer to Figs. 5 and 6) and for the structurally irregular workpiece 200 (see Figs. 7 and 8).
  • the uniform force can be maintained in the middle, and therefore, the processed workpieces 200 and 200 ⁇ can have better flatness.
  • the electrode 12 may also be a single electrode.
  • the single electrode is movably coupled to the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the single electrode can rotate together with the rotatable shaft 11 and can move relative to the rotatable shaft 11 under the action of centrifugal force, and the single electrode can be controlled based on the rotational speed of the rotatable shaft 11 The moving distance of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the electric processing device of various embodiments of the present invention has a simple structure, low cost, and easy It has advantages such as implementation and is convenient to carry.
  • Figure 14 discloses a flow chart of an electrical machining method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14 and in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4 and 10-13, the electrical processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps:
  • the electrode 12 is movably coupled to the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the electrode 12 can be a single electrode, two electrodes or a plurality of electrodes.
  • the electrode 12 includes two electrodes, such as the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are movably coupled to the rotatable shaft 11, respectively.
  • the two electrodes 121, 122 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the axis of rotation 110 of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the electrode includes a plurality of electrodes
  • the plurality of electrodes are movably coupled to the rotatable shaft 11, respectively.
  • a plurality of electrodes are evenly distributed on the rotatable shaft 11.
  • further comprising an elastic element, such as a spring 13 is attached to the electrode 12 in step S1 to position the electrode 12 relative to the rotatable shaft 11.
  • an elastic element such as a spring 13
  • the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be positioned relative to the rotatable shaft 11 by one spring 13 or two separate springs. .
  • step S2 the rotatable shaft 11 is inserted into the hole 201 of the workpiece 200, and the electrode 12 is kept at a certain gap from the workpiece 200.
  • the electrode 12 includes more than two electrodes, a certain gap is maintained between each of the electrodes and the workpiece 200.
  • the aperture 201 of the workpiece 200 is a rotary aperture, and the aperture 201 of the workpiece 200 has a first diameter D1 (as shown in Figure 5) prior to processing.
  • step S3 the electrode 12 and the workpiece 200 are energized such that the electrode 12 and the workpiece 200 respectively have opposite polarity.
  • step S4 the rotatable shaft 11 is rotated in the hole 201 of the workpiece 200, thereby generating centrifugal force.
  • step S5 the electrode 12 is pushed toward the workpiece 200 relative to the rotatable shaft 11 under the action of centrifugal force to etch away a portion of the material of the hole 201 of the workpiece 200, thereby being in the hole 201 of the workpiece 200.
  • the annular groove 203 is further formed such that the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 has a second diameter D2 (as shown in FIG. 6) after processing, wherein the second diameter D2 is greater than the first diameter D1.
  • the electrode 12 includes two electrodes, for example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are pushed in opposite directions by centrifugal force.
  • the electrode includes a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes are pushed relative to the rotatable shaft 11 in different directions toward the wall of the hole of the workpiece 200 by centrifugal force.
  • the magnitude of the generated centrifugal force can be controlled based on the rotational speed of the rotatable shaft 11, thereby controlling the moving distance of the electrode 12, thereby controlling the size of the gap between the electrode 12 and the workpiece 200 and controlling the magnitude of the second diameter D2.
  • the movement of the electrode 12 can be restricted when the electrode 12 is moved to the maximum moving distance.
  • the etched portion of the hole 201 of the workpiece 200 (i.e., the ring groove 203) can have a complete cylindrical surface or a portion of the cylindrical surface.
  • the electromachining method may further include supplying a working fluid having a certain pressure to a gap between the electrode 12 and the workpiece 200.
  • a working fluid having a certain pressure may be supplied to the gap 301 between the first electrode 121 and the workpiece 200 and the second electrode 122 and At the gap 302 between the workpieces 200, during the processing of the workpiece 200, the debris generated during the machining can be drained in time to ensure the cleaning of the processing area of the workpiece 200.
  • the electromachining method of the present invention it is also possible to detect whether a short circuit has occurred between the electrode 12 and the workpiece 200.
  • the rotation speed of the rotatable shaft 11 can be lowered, and therefore, under the elastic force of the spring 13, the spring 13 pulls back the electrode 12 to enlarge the gap between the electrode 12 and the workpiece 200. Thereby eliminating the short circuit and returning to normal operation.
  • the electromachining method of the present invention it is also possible to detect whether an open circuit has occurred between the electrode 12 and the workpiece 200.
  • it can increase the spin The rotation speed of the rotating shaft 11, therefore, the electrode 12 will further move relative to the rotatable shaft 11, the elastic force of the spring 13 increases, and the gap between the electrode 12 and the workpiece 200 is reduced, thereby eliminating the open circuit and returning to the normal working state. .
  • the rotatable shaft 11 is also movable along the axis of rotation 110 of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the axial movement of the electrode 12 can be controlled by controlling the axial movement of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the axial depth of the machined ring groove 203 can be controlled by continuously controlling the axial movement of the rotatable shaft 11.
  • the electromachining method of the present invention can be used not only for processing the workpiece 200 as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, but also for processing the workpiece 200 as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
  • the electromachining method of various embodiments of the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and easy realization.

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Abstract

一种电加工装置，包括可旋转轴（11）和用于电加工的电极（12），所述电极（12）可移动地连接到可旋转轴（11）上。当可旋转轴（11）旋转时，电极（12）随可旋转轴（11）一同旋转并在离心力的作用下相对于可旋转轴（11）移动，基于可旋转轴（11）的转速来控制电极（12）的移动距离。一种电加工方法，包括：将电极（12）可移动地连接到可旋转轴（11）上；将可旋转轴（11）插入到工件（200）的孔（201）中，所述孔（201）具有第一直径，使得电极（12）与工件（200）保持间隙，并使得电极（12）和工件（200）通电；在孔（201）内旋转可旋转轴（11）以产生离心力；在离心力的作用下推动电极（12）朝着工件（200）相对于可旋转轴（11）移动以蚀除孔的一部分材料，从而使得电加工处的孔具有第二直径，且第二直径大于第一直径。所述电加工装置和电加工方法操作简单，易于实现，成本低。

Description

电加工装置及电加工方法 技术领域
本发明大体涉及加工领域，尤其涉及一种电加工装置及一种电加工方法。
背景技术
目前，在带有内回转孔的工件的内回转表面上加工环槽，主要通过车床或铣床加工。然而，这种传统的加工方法通常比较耗时，而且需要采用高刚性的加工工具。
而且，特别是对于工件的内回转孔为非中心对称的孔时，则在加工的过程中，由于内回转孔的端面的不对称，则会导致接触的刀具的受力不均匀产生振动，进而会在加工出来的环槽的环形面上留下不同程度的振纹，从而影响加工出来的环槽的环形面的粗糙度，进而影响工件的加工质量。
因此，有必要提供一种改进的加工装置和加工方法以解决如上所述的至少一个问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面在于提供一种电加工装置，其包括可旋转轴及用于电加工的电极，所述电极可移动地连接到所述可旋转轴。其中，当旋转所述可旋转轴时，所述电极随所述可旋转轴一同旋转并在离心力的作用下相对于所述可旋转轴移动，并且，基于所述可旋转轴的转速来控制所述电极的移动距离。
本发明的另一个方面在于提供一种电加工方法，其包括：将电极可移动地连接到可旋转轴；将所述可旋转轴插入到工件的孔中，并且，将所述电极 与所述工件保持间隙，其中，所述孔具有第一直径；给所述电极和所述工件通电；在所述孔内旋转所述可旋转轴以产生离心力；及在所述离心力的作用下朝着所述工件相对于所述可旋转轴推动所述电极以蚀除所述孔的一部分，从而所述孔具有第二直径，其中，所述第二直径大于所述第一直径。
根据本发明的具体实施方式的电加工装置和电加工方法简单，易于实现，并且，具有较低的成本。
附图说明
当参照附图阅读以下详细描述时，本发明的这些和其它特征、方面及优点将变得更好理解，在附图中，相同的元件标号在全部附图中用于表示相同的部件，其中：
图1是根据本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置在加工工件之前的横截面示意图；
图2是沿图1的A-A面的示意性剖视图；
图3是根据本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置在加工工件的过程中的横截面示意图；
图4是沿图3的B-B面的示意性剖视图；
图5是一种具体实施方式的工件的示意性剖视图；
图6是图5所示的工件在加工之后的示意性剖视图；
图7是另一种具体实施方式的工件的示意性剖视图；
图8是图7所示的工件在加工之后的示意性剖视图；
图9是根据本发明的一种具体实施方式的电加工系统的示意性框图；
图10是根据本发明的第二具体实施方式的电加工装置在加工工件之前的横截面示意图；
图11是沿图10的E-E面的示意性剖视图；
图12是根据本发明的第二具体实施方式的电加工装置在加工工件的过 程中的横截面示意图；
图13是沿图12的F-F面的示意性剖视图；及
图14是根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的电加工方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为帮助本领域的技术人员能够确切地理解本发明所要求保护的主题，下面结合附图详细描述本发明的具体实施方式。在以下对这些具体实施方式的详细描述中，本说明书对一些公知的功能或构造不做详细描述以避免不必要的细节而影响到本发明的披露。
除非另作定义，本权利要求书和说明书中所使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属技术领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本说明书以及权利要求书中所使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“一个”或者“一”等类似词语并不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“具有”等类似的词语意指出现在“包括”或者“具有”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“具有”后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同元件，并不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电极性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。而且，短语“基于”意指“至少部分地基于”。
需要说明的是，在本发明的附图中，为了图示和元件的清楚可见，部分附图中的元件未以剖面线示出。
图1至图4示出根据本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1的示意图，其中，图1和图2示出电加工装置1在其可旋转轴11转动之前的示意图，图3和图4示出电加工装置1在其可旋转轴11转动之后的示意图。现在参照图1和图2所示，根据本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1包括可旋转轴11及用于电加工的电极12，其中，可旋转轴11具有旋转轴线110，电 极12包括第一电极121和第二电极122，第一电极121和第二电极122可移动地连接到可旋转轴11，并且，第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110对称设置，也可以说第一电极121和第二电极122均匀分布在可旋转轴11上。如图3和图4所示，当旋转可旋转轴11时，第一电极121和第二电极122能够绕可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110随可旋转轴11一同旋转，同时，可旋转轴11旋转产生离心力，第一电极121和第二电极122能够在离心力的作用下相对于可旋转轴11远离彼此平移，即朝着相反的方向平行移动，并且，能够基于可旋转轴11的转速来控制第一电极121和第二电极122的移动距离(未标号)。
如图1和图2所示，在一个具体实施方式中，在第一电极121和第二电极122之间连接有弹性元件，例如弹簧13，从而，在该弹簧13的弹性力的作用下，将第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11定位。在一个替代的具体实施方式中，第一电极121和第二电极122也可以分别通过各自独立的两个弹簧来相对于可旋转轴11定位。
在一个具体实施方式中，可旋转轴11设有用于收容第一电极121和第二电极122的收容空间111，并且，第一电极121和第二电极122在收容空间111中是可移动的。如图1和图2所示，在可旋转轴11转动之前，第一电极121和第二电极122能够容纳在可旋转轴11的收容空间111中，从而能够减小电加工装置1的尺寸，并且，可以起到对第一电极121和第二电极122的保护作用。如图3和图4所示，在可旋转轴11转动之后，第一电极121和第二电极122能够在离心力的作用下在收容空间111中相对于可旋转轴11远离彼此平移。本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1并不限于在可旋转轴11上设有收容空间111，在另一个替代或附加的示例中，第一电极121和第二电极122也可以直接连接到可旋转轴11的端部或侧面上。
在一个具体实施方式中，可旋转轴11上分别设有限位部1131、1132，可旋转轴11上的限位部1131、1132分别用来限制第一电极121和第二电极122 的最大移动距离。在本具体实施方式中，在可旋转轴11的收容空间111中设有限位部1131、1132，相应地，在第一电极121和第二电极122上分别设有挡止块1211、1221，当第一电极121和第二电极122分别移动到其最大移动距离时，则第一电极121和第二电极122的挡止块1211、1221将分别与可旋转轴11的限位部1131、1132相配合，从而，可以阻止第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11的继续移动。
在一个具体实施方式中，可旋转轴11沿着可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110是可移动的，从而，通过控制可旋转轴11沿其旋转轴线110的移动(即轴向移动)，能够进而控制第一电极121和第二电极122在平行于可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110的方向上的移动(也即轴向移动)。
第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1可以采用电火花加工(Electrical Discharge Machining，EDM)工艺、电化学加工(Electro-Chemical Machining，ECM)工艺或者电解放电加工(Electro-Chemical Discharge Machining，ECDM)工艺，以下将以采用电火花加工工艺为例来对本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1进行说明。当然，可以理解的是，采用电化学加工或者采用电解放电加工在工艺上会与采用电火花加工略有不同，这种简单的变化并不影响本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1的创作实质。
在一个具体实施方式中，在可旋转轴11上设有用来输送工作液的第一通道115，在第一电极121和第二电极122上分别设有用来输送工作液的第二通道1213和第三通道1223，其中，第一通道115、第二通道1213和第三通道1223之间相互连通。通过相互连通的第一通道115、第二通道1213和第三通道1223能够将工作液分别输送到第一电极121及第二电极122所要加工的区域处。然而，本发明的用来输送工作液的通道的设置方式并不局限于此，其也可以采用其他合适的设置方式，实际上，只要通道的设置能够使得工作液被输送到第一电极121及第二电极122所要加工的区域处即可。此外，所使用的工作液是否具有导电性或者导电性的强弱可以根据电加工装置1所采 用的加工工艺来确定。例如，当在电加工装置1采用EDM加工工艺时，工作液可以为绝缘液体(Dielectric Fluid)；当在电加工装置1采用ECM加工工艺时，工作液可以为电解液(Electrolyte)，且优选为一种带有较强导电性的电解液；当在电加工装置1采用ECDM加工工艺时，工作液则可以为一种带有较弱导电性的电解液。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，电加工装置1可以用来加工带有孔201的工件200，作为一个示例，工件200的孔201例如可以为一种回转孔，如图5所示。
图1和图2揭示了电加工装置1在加工工件200之前的示意图。参照图1和图2，当需要电加工装置1加工工件200时，可以将电加工装置1的可旋转轴11插入到工件200的孔201中，并且，分别将第一电极121和第二电极122与工件200之间保持一定的间隙301、302。在电加工装置1未加工工件200时，第一电极121和第二电极122在弹簧13的弹性力的作用下保持在可旋转轴11的收容空间111中。并且，结合参照图5，在工件200加工之前，工件200的孔201具有第一直径D1。
图3和图4揭示了电加工装置1在加工工件200的过程中的示意图。参照图3和图4，当电加工装置1加工工件200时，给第一电极121和第二电极122以及工件200通电，使得第一电极121和工件200之间以及第二电极122和工件200之间分别带有相反的电极性，并且，在工件200的孔201内旋转可旋转轴11。可旋转轴11的旋转带动第一电极121和第二电极122一同转动，并且，可旋转轴11旋转产生离心力，第一电极121和第二电极122在离心力的作用下能够朝着工件200相对于可旋转轴11远离彼此平移，此时，弹簧13被拉伸，随着第一电极121和第二电极122的移动，在带有相反电极性的第一电极121和工件200之间以及在带有相反电极性的第二电极122和工件200之间分别产生火花放电，从而将工件200的孔201的一部分材料蚀除，因此，结合参照图6，在工件200加工之后，在工件200的孔201中进 一步形成环槽203，环槽203具有第二直径D2，也就是说，加工之后的工件200的孔201具有第二直径D2，其中，第二直径D2大于第一直径D1。环槽203包括具有第二直径D2的圆柱面2031以及平整表面2032。
本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1具有简单的结构和较低的成本，非常容易实现，并且，在加工的过程中，第一电极121和第二电极122能够同时朝向工件200移动，从而，能够同时在第一电极121和工件200之间的间隙301处以及在第二电极122和工件200之间的间隙302处分别产生火花放电，电加工装置1的第一电极121和第二电极122能够同时对工件200进行加工，由于第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110对称设置，因此，电加工装置1在整个加工的过程中的受力比较均匀，进而能够提高工件200的表面加工的平整度。
可以基于可旋转轴11的转速来控制第一电极121和第二电极122的移动距离，从而来控制第一电极121和工件200之间的间隙301大小以及第二电极122和工件200之间的间隙302大小，并且，可以控制加工后的工件200的孔201的第二直径D2的大小。
在工件200加工时，可以通过可旋转轴11、第一电极121和第二电极122之间的相互连通的第一通道115、第二通道1213和第三通道1223将有一定压力的工作液分别供应到第一电极121及第二电极122所要加工的区域处，具体地为第一电极121与工件200之间的间隙301处以及第二电极122与工件200之间的间隙302处，如图4中的虚线箭头所示，从而，在工件200加工的过程中，有一定压力的工作液能够对工件200的加工区域进行冲刷，通过有一定压力的工作液的冲刷能够将加工过程中产生的碎屑及时排走，确保工件200的加工区域的清洁。
通过对可旋转轴11的旋转进行适当的控制，可以使得工件200的孔201的被蚀除后的部分(即环槽203)具有完整的圆柱面或者圆柱面的一部分。此外，由于可旋转轴11沿其旋转轴线110是可移动的，因此，还可以通过连 续控制可旋转轴11沿其旋转轴线110的移动，从而能够控制环槽203在平行于可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110的方向上的深度(即轴向深度)。进一步地，还可以通过间歇控制可旋转轴11沿其旋转轴线110的移动，使得环槽203间隔分布，从而能够在工件200的孔201中进一步加工出多个间隔分布的环槽203。所以，可以根据待加工工件200的实际需要，来对可旋转轴11的旋转以及其轴向移动进行合理的控制。
图5和图6示出一种具体实施方式的工件200的示意图，如图5和图6所示，在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，电加工装置1可以用来加工结构规整的带有回转孔201的工件200，参照图5，在加工之前，工件200的孔201具有第一直径D1，并且，工件200的孔201相对于回转中心线是对称的。在一个示例中，电加工装置1可以从工件200的孔201的中部开始加工，从而，参照图6，在加工之后，可以在工件200的孔201的中部进一步加工出环槽203，环槽203具有第二直径D2的圆柱面2031以及包括底面和顶面的平整表面2032。
图7和图8示出另一种具体实施方式的工件200□的示意图，如图7和图8所示，在本发明的另一个具体实施方式中，电加工装置1也可以用来加工结构不规整的带有回转孔201的工件200□，参照图7，在加工之前，工件200□的孔201也具有第一直径D1，但是，工件200□的孔201相对于回转中心线是非对称的，例如，工件200□的孔201具有在平行于可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110的方向(轴向方向)上不等高的端部。在一个示例中，电加工装置1也可以从工件200□的孔201的端部开始加工，例如，在电极12包括第一电极121和第二电极122的情况下，在离心力的作用下朝着孔201的端部在相反的方向上推动第一电极121和第二电极122以蚀除孔201的端部的至少一部分材料，从而，参照图8，在加工之后，可以在工件200□的孔201的端部处进一步加工出环槽203，环槽203具有第二直径D2的圆柱面2031以及仅包括底面的平整表面2032。由于工件200□的孔201在加工之前具有轴向方向 上不等高的端部，因此，加工之后形成的环槽203也具有轴向方向上不等高的端部。
图9示出根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的电加工系统100在加工工件200的过程中的示意性框图，如图9所示，根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的电加工系统100包括本发明的第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1、电源3、机床5、安装在机床5上的伺服电机7以及工作液供给装置9。
电源3包括正极(+)引线31和负极(-)引线32，在图9中，电源3的正极引线31被显示为连接至待加工的工件200上，从而在电源3打开之后能够使得待加工的工件200带有正电，而电源3的负极引线32被显示为连接至电加工装置1的可旋转轴11上，其中，可旋转轴11分别与第一电极121及第二电极122电性连接，从而，可以通过可旋转轴11，将电源3的负极引线32间接地连接到电加工装置1的第一电极121和第二电极122，因此，在电源3打开之后能够使得第一电极121和第二电极122带有负电。然而，本发明并不局限于第一电极121和第二电极122被电源3供有负电而工件200被电源3供有正电，在本发明的其他具体实施方式中，也可以第一电极121和第二电极122被电源3供有正电而工件200被电源3供有负电，这种简单的变换方式并未脱离本发明的创作实质。此外，电源3的正、负极引线31、32也可以通过其他适当的方式连接到第一电极121和第二电极122及工件200上，实际上，只要能够使得第一电极121及第二电极122分别与工件200之间供有相反电极性的电源3的连接方式，均在本发明的保护范围之内。
电源3可以与机床5相通信。安装在机床5上的伺服电机7用于驱动电加工装置1的可旋转轴11的旋转。工作液供给装置9在加工工件200时用于将有一定压力的工作液通过电加工装置1的相互连通的第一通道115、第二通道1213及第三通道1223分别供应到第一电极121与工件200之间的间隙301以及第二电极122与工件200之间的间隙302处。
在本发明的电加工系统100的一个具体实施方式中，电加工系统100的 电源3还可以检测在第一电极121和工件200之间以及第二电极122和工件200之间是否发生短路。当电源3检测到短路发生时，电源3将会给机床5发送一个短路信号，机床5上的伺服电机7在接收到该短路信号之后将会降低电加工装置1的可旋转轴11的转速，因此，在电加工装置1的弹簧13的弹性力的作用下，弹簧13会将第一电极121和第二电极122回拉，以扩大第一电极121与工件200之间的间隙301以及第二电极122与工件200之间的间隙302大小，从而来消除短路，使得电加工装置1恢复到正常工作状态。
在本发明的电加工系统100的另一个具体实施方式中，电加工系统100的电源3还可以检测在第一电极121和工件200之间以及第二电极122和工件200之间是否发生开路。当电源3检测到开路发生时，电源3将会给机床5发送一个开路信号，机床5上的伺服电机7在接收到该开路信号之后将会增加电加工装置1的可旋转轴11的转速，因此，第一电极121和第二电极122将会进一步远离彼此移动，弹簧13的弹性力增加，第一电极121与工件200之间的间隙301以及第二电极122与工件200之间的间隙302大小被缩小，从而来消除开路，使得电加工装置1恢复到正常工作状态。
类似地，本发明的电加工系统100也可以用来加工如图7和图8所示的工件200□。
图10至图13示出根据本发明的第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□的示意图，其中，图10和图11揭示了电加工装置1□在加工工件200之前的示意图，图12和图13揭示了电加工装置1□在加工工件200的过程中的示意图。如图10和图11所示，与第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1相类似，第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□也包括可旋转轴11及用于电加工的电极12，其中，可旋转轴11具有旋转轴线110，电极12也包括第一电极121和第二电极122，第一电极121和第二电极122可移动地连接到可旋转轴11，并且，第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110对称设置。但是，与第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1所不同的是，在第二具体实施方式 的电加工装置1□中，第一电极121和第二电极122还具有各自的自转轴线1210、1220。
参照图12和图13，与第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1相类似，在第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□中，当旋转可旋转轴11时，第一电极121和第二电极122能够绕可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110随可旋转轴11一同旋转，同时，可旋转轴11旋转产生离心力。但是，与第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1所不同的是，在第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□中，第一电极121和第二电极122能够在离心力的作用下朝着相反的方向绕各自的自转轴线1210、1220旋转，从而，第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11移动。同样地，也能够基于可旋转轴11的转速来控制第一电极121和第二电极122的转动角度，进而来控制第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11的移动距离。
在第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□中，可旋转轴11也可以设有用于限制第一电极121和第二电极122的最大移动距离的限位部(未图示)。
参照图10和图11，当需要电加工装置1□加工工件200时，可以将电加工装置1□的可旋转轴11插入到工件200的孔201中，并且，分别将第一电极121和第二电极122与工件200之间保持一定的间隙301、302。在电加工装置1□未加工工件200时，第一电极121和第二电极122在弹簧13的弹性力的作用下保持在可旋转轴11的收容空间111中。并且，结合参照图5，在工件200加工之前，工件200的孔201具有第一直径D1。
参照图12和图13，当电加工装置1□加工工件200时，给第一电极121和第二电极122以及工件200通电，使得第一电极121和工件200之间以及第二电极122和工件200之间分别带有相反的电极性，并且，在工件200的孔201内旋转可旋转轴11。可旋转轴11的旋转带动第一电极121和第二电极122一同转动，并且，可旋转轴11旋转产生离心力，第一电极121和第二电极122在离心力的作用下能够绕着各自的自转轴线1210、1220沿相反的方向 转动，从而使得第一电极121和第二电极122朝着工件200相对于可旋转轴11移动，弹簧13被拉伸，随着第一电极121和第二电极122的转动，在带有相反电极性的第一电极121和工件200之间以及在带有相反电极性的第二电极122和工件200之间分别产生火花放电，从而将工件200的孔201的一部分材料蚀除，因此，结合参照图6，在工件200加工之后，工件200的孔201可以具有第二直径D2，其中，第二直径D2大于第一直径D1。可以基于可旋转轴11的转速来控制第一电极121和第二电极122的转动角度，进而控制第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11的移动距离，从而来控制第一电极121和工件200之间的间隙301大小以及第二电极122和工件200之间的间隙302大小，并且，可以控制加工后的工件200的孔201的第二直径D2的大小。
第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□除了第一电极121和第二电极122与第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1略有不同之外，第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□具有与第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1大致相似的结构，并且能够取得与第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1大致相似的有益技术效果，故，在此不再赘述。
类似地，第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□也可以用来加工如图7和图8所示的工件200□。
图9所示的电加工系统100也可以采用第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□，在此不再赘述。
以上是以电极12包括两个电极121、122为例，来对本发明的电加工装置1、1□的具体实施方式进行详细说明。然而，在本发明的电加工装置1、1□中，电极12并不限于仅包括两个电极121、122。
在本发明的电加工装置1、1□的另一个具体实施方式中，电极12可以包括多个电极，多个电极可移动地连接到可旋转轴11，并且，多个电极均匀分布在可旋转轴11上。当可旋转轴11旋转时，多个电极能够随可旋转轴11一 同旋转并在离心力的作用下能够朝着不同的方向相对于可旋转轴11移动，并且，能够基于可旋转轴11的转速来控制多个电极相对于可旋转轴11的移动距离。采用多个电极的电加工装置能够取得与采用两个电极121、122的电加工装置1、1□，例如第一具体实施方式的电加工装置1、第二具体实施方式的电加工装置1□大致相似的有益技术效果，采用多个电极的电加工装置同样具有简单结构、成本低廉、易于实现等优点，并且，在加工的过程中，多个电极能够同时从不同的方向朝向工件200、200□移动，从而能够同时在多个电极和工件200、200□之间的间隙处分别产生火花放电，使得多个电极能够同时对工件200、200□进行加工，由于多个电极均匀分布在可旋转轴11上，因此，采用多个电极的电加工装置在整个加工的过程中同样受力比较均匀，采用多个电极的电加工装置能够使得工件200、200□加工出来的表面具有较好的平整度。
本发明的采用至少两个以上电极的电加工装置对于结构规整的工件200(参照图5和图6)以及对于结构不规整的工件200□(参照图7和图8)来说在加工的过程中均能够保持均匀的受力，因此，能够使得加工出来的工件200、200□均具有较好的平整度。
当然，在本发明的电加工装置1、1□的又一个具体实施方式中，电极12也可以采用单电极的方式。类似地，该单电极可移动地连接到可旋转轴11。当可旋转轴11旋转时，该单电极能够随可旋转轴11一同旋转并在离心力的作用下能够相对于可旋转轴11移动，并且，能够基于可旋转轴11的转速来控制该单电极相对于可旋转轴11的移动距离。
可以理解的是，在本发明的电加工装置采用多个电极或单电极的情况下，电加工装置的其他相应的结构特征可以做出相应的改变，这种简单的改变或者等同替换并未脱离本发明的电加工装置的创作实质，其仍在本发明的电加工装置的保护范围之内。
本发明的各种具体实施方式的电加工装置具有结构简单、成本低廉，易 于实现等优点，并且，携带方便。
图14揭示了根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的电加工方法的流程图。如图14并结合参照图1-4及图10-13所示，根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的电加工方法可以包括如下步骤：
在步骤S1中，将电极12可移动地连接到可旋转轴11。电极12可以采用单电极、两个电极或多个电极的方式。例如，在电极12包括两个电极，例如第一电极121和第二电极122的情况下，则分别将第一电极121和第二电极122可移动地连接到可旋转轴11上。并且，优选地，两个电极121、122相对于可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110对称分布。在电极包括多个电极的情况下，则分别将多个电极可移动地连接到可旋转轴11上。并且，优选地，多个电极均匀分布在可旋转轴11上。在一个具体实施方式中，在步骤S1中还包括将弹性元件，例如弹簧13连接到电极12上，从而将电极12相对于可旋转轴11定位。例如，在电极12包括第一电极121和第二电极122两个电极的情况下，可以通过一个弹簧13或者独立的两个弹簧将第一电极121和第二电极122相对于可旋转轴11定位。
在步骤S2中，将可旋转轴11插入到工件200的孔201中，并且，将电极12与工件200保持一定的间隙。当电极12包括两个以上的电极时，则将每一个电极与工件200之间均保持一定的间隙。作为一个示例，工件200的孔201为一种回转孔，工件200的孔201在加工之前具有第一直径D1(如图5所示)。
在步骤S3中，给电极12和工件200通电，使得电极12和工件200分别带有相反的电极性。
在步骤S4中，在工件200的孔201内旋转可旋转轴11，从而产生离心力。
在步骤S5中，在离心力的作用下朝着工件200相对于可旋转轴11推动电极12以将工件200的孔201的一部分材料蚀除，从而在工件200的孔201 中进一步形成环槽203，使得工件200的孔201在加工之后具有第二直径D2(如图6所示)，其中，第二直径D2大于第一直径D1。当电极12包括两个电极，例如第一电极121和第二电极122时，则在离心力的作用下朝着相反的方向推动第一电极121和第二电极122。当电极包括多个电极时，则在离心力的作用下朝着工件200的孔壁的不同方向相对于可旋转轴11推动多个电极。
可以基于可旋转轴11的转速来控制产生的离心力的大小，进而控制电极12的移动距离，从而来控制电极12与工件200之间的间隙大小并控制第二直径D2的大小。为了确保电极12不会过度移动，当电极12移动到最大移动距离时，可以限制电极12的移动。
通过对可旋转轴11的旋转进行适当的控制，可以使得工件200的孔201的被蚀除后的部分(即环槽203)可以具有完整的圆柱面或者圆柱面的一部分。
在一个具体实施方式中，电加工方法还可以包括：将有一定压力的工作液供应到电极12和工件200之间的间隙处。例如，在电极12包括第一电极121和第二电极122两个电极的情况下，可以将有一定压力的工作液供应到第一电极121和工件200之间的间隙301以及第二电极122和工件200之间的间隙302处，从而，在工件200加工的过程中，能够将加工过程中产生的碎屑及时排走，确保工件200的加工区域的清洁。
在本发明的电加工方法的一个可选的具体实施方式中，还可以检测在电极12和工件200之间是否发生短路。当检测到短路发生时，可以降低可旋转轴11的转速，因此，在弹簧13的弹性力的作用下，弹簧13会将电极12回拉，以扩大电极12与工件200之间的间隙大小，从而来消除短路并恢复到正常工作状态。
在本发明的电加工方法的另一个可选的具体实施方式中，还可以检测在电极12和工件200之间是否发生开路。当检测到开路发生时，可以增加可旋 转轴11的转速，因此，电极12将会进一步相对于可旋转轴11移动，弹簧13的弹性力增加，电极12与工件200之间的间隙大小被缩小，从而来消除开路并恢复到正常工作状态。
在本发明的电加工方法的又一个具体实施方式中，还可以沿着可旋转轴11的旋转轴线110移动可旋转轴11。可以通过控制可旋转轴11的轴向移动来控制电极12的轴向移动。例如，可以通过连续控制可旋转轴11的轴向移动，从而能够控制加工出来的环槽203的轴向深度。进一步地，还可以通过间歇控制可旋转轴11的轴向移动，从而能够加工出多个间隔分布的环槽203。
类似地，本发明的电加工方法不仅能够用来加工如图5和图6所示的工件200，而且也能够用来加工如图7和图8所示的工件200□。
本发明的各种具体实施方式的电加工方法具有操作简单、成本低廉，易于实现等优点。
虽然结合特定的具体实施方式对本发明进行了详细说明，但本领域的技术人员可以理解，对本发明可以作出许多修改和变型。因此，要认识到，权利要求书的意图在于覆盖在本发明真正构思和范围内的所有这些修改和变型。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电加工装置，其包括：
    可旋转轴；及
    用于电加工的电极，所述电极可移动地连接到所述可旋转轴，其中
    当旋转所述可旋转轴时，所述电极随所述可旋转轴一同旋转并在离心力的作用下相对于所述可旋转轴移动，并且，基于所述可旋转轴的转速来控制所述电极的移动距离。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电加工装置，其中，所述电极包括第一电极和第二电极，通过一个弹簧或者独立的两个弹簧将所述第一电极和所述第二电极相对于所述可旋转轴定位，所述第一电极和所述第二电极在所述离心力的作用下朝着相反的方向移动。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电加工装置，其中，所述第一电极和所述第二电极相对于所述可旋转轴的旋转轴线对称，并且，所述第一电极和所述第二电极在所述离心力的作用下能够远离彼此平移。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电加工装置，其中，所述第一电极和所述第二电极相对于所述可旋转轴的旋转轴线对称，所述第一电极和所述第二电极具有各自的自转轴线，并且，所述第一电极和所述第二电极在所述离心力的作用下能够绕所述各自的自转轴线旋转。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电加工装置，其中，所述电极包括多个电极，所述多个电极均匀分布在所述可旋转轴上，并且，所述多个电极在所述离心力的作用下朝着不同的方向相对于所述可旋转轴移动。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电加工装置，其中，所述可旋转轴设有限位部，所述限位部用于限制所述电极的最大移动距离。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电加工装置，其中，所述可旋转轴沿着所述可旋转轴的旋转轴线是可移动的。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电加工装置，其中，所述可旋转轴设有用于收容所述电极的收容空间，并且，所述电极在所述收容空间中是可移动的。
  9. 一种电加工方法，其包括：
    将电极可移动地连接到可旋转轴；
    将所述可旋转轴插入到工件的孔中，并且，将所述电极与所述工件保持间隙，其中，所述孔具有第一直径；
    给所述电极和所述工件通电；
    在所述孔内旋转所述可旋转轴以产生离心力；及
    在所述离心力的作用下朝着所述工件相对于所述可旋转轴推动所述电极以蚀除所述孔的一部分，从而所述孔具有第二直径，其中，所述第二直径大于所述第一直径。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电加工方法，其中，将所述电极可移动地连接到所述可旋转轴包括：将至少两个电极分别可移动地连接到所述可旋转轴，并且，将所述至少两个电极均匀分布在所述可旋转轴上；以及推动所述电极包括：在所述离心力的作用下朝着不同的方向相对于所述可旋转轴推动所述至少两个电极。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电加工方法，其中，所述孔具有在平行于所述可旋转轴的旋转轴线的方向上不等高的端部，所述方法包括：
    在所述离心力的作用下朝着所述孔的所述端部在不同的方向上推动所述至少两个电极以蚀除所述孔的所述端部的至少一部分。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的电加工方法，其还包括：
    将有一定压力的工作液供应到所述电极和所述工件之间的所述间隙处。
  13. 如权利要求9所述的电加工方法，其还包括：
    将弹簧连接到所述电极以将所述电极相对于所述可旋转轴定位。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电加工方法，其还包括：
    基于所述可旋转轴的转速来控制所述电极的移动距离，从而来控制所述 间隙和控制所述第二直径。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电加工方法，其还包括：
    检测在所述电极和所述工件之间是否发生短路；及
    当检测到所述短路发生时，降低所述可旋转轴的所述转速，从而所述弹簧将所述电极回拉以消除所述短路；或者，
    检测在所述电极和所述工件之间是否发生开路；及
    当检测到所述开路发生时，增加所述可旋转轴的所述转速，从而恢复到正常工作状态。
  16. 如权利要求9所述的电加工方法，其还包括：
    当所述电极移动到最大移动距离时，限制所述电极的移动。
  17. 如权利要求9所述的电加工方法，其还包括：
    沿着所述可旋转轴的旋转轴线移动所述可旋转轴。
PCT/CN2016/086821 2015-06-26 2016-06-23 电加工装置及电加工方法 Ceased WO2016206591A1 (zh)

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