WO2017011974A1 - 电池组及电池组系统 - Google Patents

电池组及电池组系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017011974A1
WO2017011974A1 PCT/CN2015/084457 CN2015084457W WO2017011974A1 WO 2017011974 A1 WO2017011974 A1 WO 2017011974A1 CN 2015084457 W CN2015084457 W CN 2015084457W WO 2017011974 A1 WO2017011974 A1 WO 2017011974A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
liquid
battery pack
cooling
pack according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2015/084457
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李翔
仝志明
李辉
付凌雁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microvast Power Systems Huzhou Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Microvast Power Systems Huzhou Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microvast Power Systems Huzhou Co Ltd filed Critical Microvast Power Systems Huzhou Co Ltd
Priority to CN201580081272.1A priority Critical patent/CN107710493B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/084457 priority patent/WO2017011974A1/zh
Priority to US15/741,272 priority patent/US20180191038A1/en
Priority to EP15898530.9A priority patent/EP3306737B1/en
Publication of WO2017011974A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017011974A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • a battery pack including a lithium ion battery and a battery pack system including the same are disclosed.
  • the power system of an energy storage/electric vehicle is composed of a plurality of battery modules, and the battery module is composed of a plurality of battery cells. Due to the pursuit of the energy density of the battery pack, the battery cells in the battery module are arranged so tightly that the heat inside the battery module is easily accumulated, especially in the middle of the entire module, and the temperature is often higher than other parts. When the heat of some of the battery cells in the module accumulates to a certain extent, thermal runaway may occur. Moreover, thermal runaway can spread inside the battery module, causing the temperature of other normally operating battery cells to rise rapidly, which causes thermal runaway of the entire battery module, which is extremely dangerous, especially in a closed battery box.
  • Patent Application No. CN201280043177.9 entitled “Battery Pack Fire Extinguishing Device” discloses a device capable of suppressing a fire in the battery pack when the battery pack is on fire.
  • the fire extinguishing device includes: a fire detecting sensor for detecting whether the battery pack is on fire; a fire extinguishing agent container containing a fire extinguishing agent in an inner space thereof; and a control unit for detecting a fire when the fire detecting sensor is detected by the fire detecting sensor The fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguisher container is injected into the interior of the battery pack.
  • the fire detection sensor in the patent is used to detect whether the battery pack is on fire or not, and proves that the fire extinguishing device starts to work after an open flame occurs in the battery pack.
  • the battery pack in the early stage of thermal runaway is characterized by smoke, and the temperature of the battery cell showing obvious symptoms is rapidly rising.
  • the monomer is heated above the critical temperature of thermal runaway, causing these healthy battery cells to enter thermal runaway. This phenomenon can quickly spread and generate heat until other adjacent battery cells are heated to a thermal runaway state.
  • Patent application No. CN201410186474.X entitled “An electric vehicle high waterproof insulated battery box”, discloses a battery box comprising a sealed box body and a plurality of battery units in the box body, and further comprising a box A heat sink connected to the body and connected to several battery cells.
  • Each battery unit is provided with a heating device, and a battery box controller connected to the heating device through the control circuit is further disposed in the box body, and a hollow heat dissipation plate is designed to dissipate heat for each battery unit module, thereby ensuring uniform heat dissipation of the battery unit module and improving Cooling efficiency.
  • the technical solution disclosed in the patent can solve the battery cell of the battery pack under normal working conditions. Temperature uniformity problem, but because the heat sink plays a role of heat conduction, once a battery cell is out of control, heat is quickly transferred to other normal battery cells, causing thermal runaway to spread rapidly.
  • Patent application entitled “Active thermal runaway mitigation system for use within a battery pack” discloses a battery pack comprising a battery thermal runaway control system, the system comprising at least one disposed adjacent to the battery cell a pipe containing a liquid having a plurality of fracture points at a position close to the cell, each fracture point being rupturable at a preset temperature lower than a melting point of the pipe, and once broken, the liquid in the pipe can be released Come out and cool the battery.
  • the technical solution in the invention can perform certain temperature control on the battery when it is thermally runaway. However, since the battery cell is exposed to the air, when a battery core is out of control, it is likely that an open flame will occur in the first time and cause combustion.
  • the application number is CN201220017950.1, entitled "Safety Battery Pack", which describes a method of immersing a battery in an insulating closed liquid. The method isolates the battery from the air.
  • the electricity is The combustible gas injected from the core is first cooled by the closed liquid, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of open flames and combustion.
  • a considerable amount of combustibles in the battery are released in the form of smoke, which greatly reduces the total heat generation.
  • the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the cell is still considerable, and it can heat itself to 400 degrees Celsius or higher.
  • the amount of insulating blocking liquid in each battery module is usually very limited, and it is difficult to fully absorb or carry away the heat, and the function of controlling the temperature of the battery below the thermal runaway point cannot be realized. This heat will then heat the adjacent cells to above the thermal runaway temperature, causing more thermal runaway of the cells, causing the entire battery module or battery system to exhibit an accelerated thermal runaway condition and ultimately lead to collapse of the battery system.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack including a battery case and a battery module.
  • the battery module is disposed in a battery case, and the battery module is composed of a plurality of battery cells, and a sealing liquid is further disposed in the battery box.
  • the battery module is at least partially immersed in a sealing liquid, and at least one cooling pipe is disposed in the battery box, at least a part of the cooling pipe is melted and broken after reaching a preset temperature, and a cooling liquid is disposed in the cooling pipe,
  • the latent heat of vaporization of the coolant is higher than or equal to the heat capacity of the seal liquid or the latent heat of vaporization.
  • Immersion of the battery module in the sealing liquid can avoid external moisture damage and prolong the service life; and also play a role of heat dissipation, which is favorable for uniform temperature inside the battery pack.
  • the sealing fluid can effectively block the air, avoiding the formation of open flames or even flames, and greatly reducing the total heat production.
  • a cooling pipe is arranged in the battery box, and a cooling liquid is arranged in the cooling pipe to facilitate heat dissipation of the battery module. At least a part of the cooling duct melts and ruptures after reaching a preset temperature, at which time a large amount of coolant flows out rapidly from the cooling duct, and the temperature of the battery module is controlled by the temperature rise and/or phase change of the coolant to absorb the heat. Under the thermal runaway temperature of the group, the spread of thermal runaway can be effectively controlled.
  • the latent heat of vaporization of the cooling liquid is higher than or equal to the heat capacity of the blocking liquid or the latent heat of vaporization. Therefore, when a battery in the battery pack is out of control and the temperature reaches the vaporization temperature of the coolant, the coolant can absorb a large amount of heat through the phase change, and the temperature after the thermal runaway is quickly reduced to the thermal runaway point, thereby avoiding The thermal runaway is further spread, thereby avoiding a chain reaction of the entire battery system and collapsing.
  • said predetermined temperature is lower than a thermal runaway temperature of the battery module.
  • the preset temperature is generally between 70 and 150 ° C depending on the normal operating temperature range of the battery pack; preferably, the preset temperature is between 70 and 130 ° C; more preferably, the preset temperature is 100 °C; or the preset temperature is 130 °C.
  • the cooling pipe performs a conventional cooling function.
  • the cooling pipe melts and ruptures and releases the internal coolant, and the coolant undergoes a phase change. It can absorb more heat and effectively control the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the material of the molten fracture portion in the cooling duct is selected from a low melting point alloy or a low melting point polymer.
  • the low melting point in the present invention generally means that the melting point is lower than 200 °C.
  • the above low melting point polymer is selected from the group consisting of POE (copolymer of ethylene and butene), EVA (copolymer of ethylene and acetic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), PU (polyaminocarbamide) At least one of an acid ester), PA (nylon), and CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride).
  • the low melting point alloy is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ga, In, Sn, Bi, Pb, Cd, and Zn.
  • the blocking liquid comprises an insulating flame retardant liquid having a freezing point below -30 ° C and a decomposition temperature above 70 ° C.
  • the sealing liquid is a cooling liquid with insulating and flame retardant properties, and has a freezing point lower than -30 ° C and a decomposition temperature higher than 70 ° C.
  • the above blocking liquid comprises an insulating flame-retardant liquid having a freezing point lower than -30 ° C and a boiling point higher than 70 ° C.
  • the blocking liquid is selected from at least one of silicone oil, transformer oil, chlorofluorocarbon, fluorohydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon and hydrofluoroether.
  • silicone oil transformer oil
  • chlorofluorocarbon fluorohydrocarbon
  • chlorinated hydrocarbon chlorinated hydrocarbon and hydrofluoroether.
  • the above materials have good insulation properties and high stability.
  • the cooling liquid has a phase transition temperature of between 70 and 150 °C.
  • the cooling liquid is selected from at least one of water and an aqueous solution.
  • the aqueous solution is selected from an aqueous solution of an alcohol.
  • the alcohol may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, hexanediol, diethylene glycol, and glycerin.
  • the aqueous solution of the above substances can effectively lower the freezing point and improve the working performance in a low temperature environment.
  • the cooling liquid is at least one selected from the group consisting of a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorohydrocarbon, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, and a hydrofluoroether.
  • a chlorofluorocarbon a fluorohydrocarbon
  • a chlorinated hydrocarbon a chlorinated hydrocarbon
  • a hydrofluoroether a hydrofluoroether
  • At least a portion of the cooling conduit is immersed in the blocking liquid.
  • the hydraulic pressure of the coolant is higher than the hydraulic pressure of the sealing liquid.
  • the cooling pipe may be a blind pipe closed at one end and open at the other end, or a through pipe having openings at both ends.
  • a blind pipe When a blind pipe is used, the coolant does not function under normal working conditions; and when thermal runaway occurs, the cooling fluid flows out of the cooling pipe to cool down and control the uncontrolled spread of heat.
  • the coolant can also assume the role of transferring heat through the external circulation under normal battery operation.
  • the battery module is placed upside down in the battery compartment such that the tabs in the battery module are submerged in the blocking fluid.
  • the battery module that is, the battery cell is placed upside down, means that the battery cell is placed with the polar ear facing downward, and the tab can be immersed in the sealing liquid with less blocking liquid.
  • the amount of heat generated by the ear is relatively large, and the use of the blocking liquid for heat dissipation is better, and the insulation of the battery module is facilitated.
  • the outer wall of the cooling duct is provided with a heat conducting means such that the temperature of the battery module is more easily conducted to the cooling duct. If a battery cell is out of control, the heat transfer device can quickly transfer heat to the cooling pipe, causing the cooling pipe to melt and rupture, releasing the coolant, thereby controlling the temperature of the battery module and avoiding the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the position of the polar ear is relatively easy to break. At this time, the active material inside the battery may leak from the break. Inverting the battery unit helps to reduce the leakage of leakage. During the time in the air, once a leak occurs, it quickly flows into the blocking liquid, improving safety.
  • the cooling duct melts and ruptures, the coolant enters the battery compartment, and when the temperature reaches the boiling point of the coolant, the phase change heat absorption begins, and the pressure inside the battery box also rises rapidly.
  • the battery box is provided with a pressure relief valve, preferably a one-way relief valve is provided, so that the gas produced by the cooling liquid phase reaches a certain level. It can be quickly discharged after pressure to further improve safety performance.
  • the battery box is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet, and the two openings of the cooling pipe are respectively connected to the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet.
  • the coolant flows in the cooling pipe to take out the heat in the battery box, and realize heat management when the battery is in normal working condition; on the other hand, when the thermal runaway cooling pipe melts and ruptures, a large amount of coolant can pass through the liquid.
  • the port enters and cools the battery module quickly.
  • the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet are both disposed above the liquid level of the closed liquid.
  • the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet are arranged above the liquid level of the closed liquid to prevent the sealing liquid disposed in the battery box from entering the circulation system through the liquid outlet after the cooling pipe is melted. At the same time, it can also save more coolant in the battery box, which is convenient for cooling the battery module.
  • the battery box is provided with a liquid inlet, and the opening of the cooling pipe is connected to the liquid inlet, and the cooling pipe is closed in the battery box and closed at the other end.
  • the coolant in the cooling pipe does not circulate, mainly after the cooling pipe is melted and broken, and a large amount of coolant in the liquid storage tank is introduced into the battery box, thereby cooling the battery pack, thereby avoiding further spread of thermal runaway. .
  • the present invention also contemplates a battery pack system comprising a battery pack as described above, the battery system further comprising a liquid storage tank connected to the battery case by a transfer conduit.
  • a coolant is disposed in the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid inlet, or the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet through the conveying pipeline.
  • the coolant in the cooling pipe can circulate and carry out the heat of the sealing liquid, thereby cooling the battery pack.
  • the demand for heat dissipation has increased dramatically. After the cooling pipe is melted and broken due to the thermal runaway temperature, a large amount of coolant can enter the battery box, and the battery module is rapidly cooled to avoid the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the liquid storage tank can pass through the conveying pipe and the plurality of battery packs (at least Two) connections. Since multiple battery packs on the same electric vehicle are less likely to be out of control at the same time, it is usually possible to control a battery pack that has a thermal runaway to prevent thermal runaway from spreading to other battery packs.
  • the use of multiple battery packs to share a liquid storage tank can save space in the vehicle, reduce the weight of the entire battery system, effectively increase the energy density of the entire power supply system, and also meet the need to prevent the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the liquid storage tank injects a cooling liquid into the battery box, and if the temperature in the battery box cannot be quickly controlled, other normal working battery boxes are used.
  • the coolant in the tank is also injected into the battery box for better temperature control.
  • the temperature of the battery module is more uniform, and the local temperature accumulation is reduced.
  • the sealing liquid first ensures that no open flame is generated, and the heat generation after the thermal runaway is reduced; at the same time, the cooling pipeline is melted and broken by heat, releasing the cooling liquid, and the phase change absorbs heat by the cooling liquid, thereby effectively controlling the battery module.
  • the temperature allows the temperature inside the battery pack to be effectively controlled, preventing the spread of thermal runaway. Even if the incoming coolant is not sufficient to fully control the spread of thermal runaway, the spread of thermal runaway can be greatly delayed, minimizing losses.
  • the use of multiple battery packs to share a liquid storage tank can save space in the vehicle, reduce the weight of the entire battery system, effectively increase the energy density of the entire power supply system, and also meet the need to prevent the spread of thermal runaway.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack of Embodiments 1, 2, and 3 disclosed in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack according to Embodiment 4 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack according to Embodiments 5 and 6 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack of Embodiment 7 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack according to Embodiments 8 and 9 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack system according to Embodiment 7 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack system according to Embodiments 8 and 9 of the present disclosure.
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack including a battery case 1 and a battery module 2 .
  • the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1
  • a sealing liquid 14 is further disposed in the battery case 1 to immerse the battery module 2 in the closed state.
  • the battery cells are placed with the ears facing downward, so that the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the sealing liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, silicone oil is used as the sealing liquid 14.
  • a cooling duct 11 is disposed in the battery case 1, and a cooling liquid is disposed in the cooling duct 11, and a melting temperature of the tube wall of the cooling duct 11 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 70 °C.
  • the cooling duct 11 performs a conventional cooling action, and the cooling liquid is water.
  • the cooling duct 11 After the thermal runaway of the battery module 2 occurs, the local temperature rises rapidly, the cooling duct 11 reaches a preset temperature, and melts and ruptures. A large amount of coolant can flow out through the break of the cooling duct 11, and a large amount of heat is absorbed by the phase change, thereby controlling the battery module 2 The rise in temperature.
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack including a battery case 1 and a battery module 2 .
  • the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1
  • a sealing liquid 14 is further disposed in the battery case 1 to immerse the battery module 2 in the sealing liquid.
  • the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the sealing liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, silicone oil is used as the sealing liquid 14.
  • a cooling duct 11 is disposed in the battery case 1, and a cooling liquid is disposed in the cooling duct 11, and a melting temperature of the tube wall of the cooling duct 11 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 70 °C.
  • the cooling duct 11 performs a conventional cooling action, and the cooling liquid is a fluorohydrocarbon.
  • the cooling duct 11 After the thermal runaway of the battery module 2 occurs, the local temperature rises rapidly, the cooling duct 11 reaches a preset temperature, and melts and ruptures. A large amount of coolant can flow out through the break of the cooling duct 11, and a large amount of heat is absorbed by the phase change, thereby controlling the battery module 2 The rise in temperature.
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack including a battery case 1 and a battery module 2 .
  • the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1
  • a sealing liquid 14 is further disposed in the battery case 1 to immerse the battery module 2 in the sealing liquid.
  • the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the sealing liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, hydrofluoroether is used as the blocking liquid 14.
  • a cooling pipe 11 is disposed in the battery case 1, and a cooling liquid is disposed in the ring pipe.
  • the melting temperature of the pipe wall of the cooling pipe 11 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 100 °C.
  • the cooling duct 11 performs a conventional cooling action, and the cooling liquid is an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.
  • the local temperature rises rapidly, the cooling duct 11 reaches a preset temperature, and melts and ruptures, and a large amount of coolant can flow out through the break of the cooling duct 11, and absorbs a large amount through the phase change.
  • the heat thus controls the rise of the temperature of the battery module 2.
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack including a battery case 1 and a battery module 2.
  • the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1.
  • the battery case 1 is further provided with a sealing liquid 14 for immersing the battery module 2 in the sealing liquid.
  • the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the sealing liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, silicone oil is used as the sealing liquid 14.
  • a cooling duct A111 and a cooling duct B112 are disposed in the battery case 1, and cooling liquid is disposed in the cooling duct A111 and the cooling duct B112.
  • the melting temperature of the duct wall of the cooling duct A111 and the cooling duct B112 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 130 °C.
  • the cooling duct 11 performs a conventional cooling function.
  • the battery box 1 is provided with a liquid outlet 13 and a liquid inlet 12, and the cooling pipe A111 and the cooling pipe B112 are connected to the liquid outlet 13 and the liquid inlet 12, respectively.
  • the circulation of the coolant in the cooling pipe A 111 and the cooling pipe B 112 can bring out the heat in the sealing liquid 14 to prevent heat from accumulating in the battery case 1 to cause damage to the battery module 2.
  • the coolant is stored in a coolant container outside the battery compartment, and the coolant is water.
  • the local temperature rises rapidly, and the cooling pipe A111 and/or the cooling pipe B112 reach a preset temperature to melt and rupture, and a large amount of coolant can flow out through the break, and absorb a large amount of heat through the phase change, thereby controlling the battery.
  • the temperature of module 2 rises.
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack including a battery case 1 and a battery module 2.
  • the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1.
  • the battery case 1 is further provided with a sealing liquid 14 for immersing the battery module 2 in the sealing liquid.
  • the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the sealing liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, silicone oil is used as the sealing liquid 14.
  • a cooling duct 11 is disposed in the battery case 1, and a cooling liquid is disposed in the cooling duct 11, and a melting temperature of the tube wall of the cooling duct 11 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 130 °C. In the case where the battery module 2 is operating normally, the cooling duct 11 performs a conventional cooling function.
  • a heat conducting device 15 is disposed on the outer wall of the cooling duct 11, and in this embodiment, a heat conducting fin is employed as the heat conducting device 15.
  • the battery case 1 is provided with a liquid outlet 13 and a liquid inlet 12, and the cooling pipe 11 is connected to the liquid outlet 13 and the liquid inlet 12.
  • the circulation of the coolant in the cooling duct 11 can bring out the heat in the sealing liquid 14 to prevent the heat from accumulating in the battery case 1 to cause damage to the battery module 2.
  • Coolant stored in the coolant tank outside the battery box 1 In the device, the coolant is water.
  • the cooling duct 11 After the thermal runaway of the battery module 2 occurs, the local temperature rises rapidly, the cooling duct 11 reaches a preset temperature, and melts and ruptures. A large amount of coolant can flow out through the break, and a large amount of heat is absorbed by the phase change, thereby controlling the rise of the temperature of the battery module 2. .
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack including a battery case 1 and a battery module 2.
  • the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1.
  • the battery case 1 is further provided with a sealing liquid 14 for immersing the battery module 2 in the sealing liquid.
  • the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the sealing liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, hydrofluoroether is used as the blocking liquid 14.
  • a cooling duct 11 is disposed in the battery case 1, and a cooling liquid is disposed in the cooling duct 11, and a melting temperature of the tube wall of the cooling duct 11 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 200 °C. In the case where the battery module 2 is operating normally, the cooling duct 11 performs a conventional cooling function.
  • a heat conducting device 15 is disposed on the outer wall of the cooling duct 11, and in this embodiment, a heat conducting fin is employed as the heat conducting device 15.
  • the battery case 1 is provided with a liquid outlet 13 and a liquid inlet 12, and the cooling pipe 11 is connected to the liquid outlet 13 and the liquid inlet 12.
  • the circulation of the coolant in the cooling duct 11 can bring out the heat in the sealing liquid 14 to prevent the heat from accumulating in the battery case 1 to cause damage to the battery module 2.
  • the coolant is stored in a coolant container outside the battery case 1, and the coolant is an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.
  • the cooling duct 11 After the thermal runaway of the battery module 2 occurs, the local temperature rises rapidly, the cooling duct 11 reaches a preset temperature, and melts and ruptures. A large amount of coolant can flow out through the break, and a large amount of heat is absorbed by the phase change, thereby controlling the rise of the temperature of the battery module 2. .
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack system comprising two battery packs and a liquid storage tank 3 as shown in FIG.
  • the battery pack includes a battery case 1 and a battery module 2, and the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1.
  • the battery case 1 is further provided with a sealing liquid 14, and the battery module 2 is immersed in the sealing liquid 14 with the battery cells facing downward. It is arranged such that the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the blocking liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, hydrofluoroether is used as the blocking liquid 14.
  • a cooling duct 11 is disposed in the battery case 1, and the melting temperature of the tube wall of the cooling duct 11 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 70 °C.
  • the battery case 1 is provided with a liquid inlet port 12, and the cooling pipe 11 is a blind pipe whose one end is open and the other end is closed, and one end of the opening of the cooling pipe 11 is connected to the liquid inlet port 12.
  • the cooling liquid is an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.
  • the liquid storage tank 3 is provided outside the battery case 1, and the liquid storage tank 3 is internally provided with a cooling liquid, and the liquid storage tank 3 is connected to the battery case 1 through a conveying pipe, and is connected to the cooling pipe 11.
  • the local temperature rises rapidly, the cooling duct 11 reaches a preset temperature, and melts and ruptures.
  • the coolant in the liquid storage tank 3 enters the battery box 1 through the liquid inlet 12, and absorbs a large amount of heat through the phase change.
  • the temperature of the battery module 2 is controlled to rise.
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack system comprising two battery packs and a liquid storage tank 3 as shown in FIG.
  • the battery pack includes a battery case 1 and a battery module 2, and the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1.
  • the battery case 1 is further provided with a sealing liquid 14, and the battery module 2 is immersed in the sealing liquid 14 with the battery cells facing downward. It is arranged such that the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the blocking liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, hydrofluoroether is used as the blocking liquid 14.
  • a cooling duct 11 is disposed in the battery case 1, and the melting temperature of the tube wall of the cooling duct 11 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 100 °C.
  • the battery box 1 is provided with a liquid outlet 13 and a liquid inlet 12, and the cooling duct 11 is connected to the liquid outlet 13 and the liquid inlet 12, respectively.
  • the circulation of the cooling liquid in the cooling pipe 11 can bring out the heat in the sealing liquid 14 to prevent the heat from accumulating in the battery case 1 to cause damage to the battery module 2, and the cooling liquid is an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.
  • a liquid storage tank 3 is disposed outside the battery case 1, and a cooling liquid is also disposed inside the liquid storage tank 3.
  • the liquid storage tank 3 is connected to the battery case 1 through a conveying pipe, and is connected to the cooling pipe 11, and the cooling liquid flow in the liquid storage tank 3 After passing through the conveying pipe, it flows into the cooling pipe 11 through the liquid inlet 12 and flows out from the liquid outlet 13, and finally flows into the liquid storage tank 3 through the conveying pipe, thereby forming a complete circulation of the cooling liquid.
  • the local temperature rises rapidly, the cooling duct 11 reaches a preset temperature, and melts and ruptures.
  • the coolant in the liquid storage tank 3 enters the battery box 1 through the liquid inlet 12, and absorbs a large amount of heat through the phase change.
  • the temperature of the battery module 2 is controlled to rise.
  • the present invention discloses a battery pack system comprising two battery packs and a liquid storage tank 3 as shown in FIG.
  • the battery pack includes a battery case 1 and a battery module 2, and the battery module 2 is disposed in the battery case 1.
  • the battery case 1 is further provided with a sealing liquid 14, and the battery module 2 is immersed in the sealing liquid 14 with the battery cells facing downward. It is arranged such that the tabs of the battery module 2 are immersed in the blocking liquid 14, and in the present embodiment, hydrofluoroether is used as the blocking liquid 14.
  • a cooling duct 11 is disposed in the battery case 1, and the melting temperature of the tube wall of the cooling duct 11 is a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is 100 °C.
  • the battery box 1 is provided with a liquid outlet 13 and a liquid inlet 12, and the cooling duct 11 is connected to the liquid outlet 13 and the liquid inlet 12, respectively.
  • the circulation of the cooling liquid in the cooling pipe 11 can bring out the heat in the sealing liquid 14 to prevent the heat from accumulating in the battery case 1 to cause damage to the battery module 2, and the cooling liquid is an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.
  • a liquid storage tank 3 is disposed outside the battery case 1, and a cooling liquid is also disposed inside the liquid storage tank 3.
  • the liquid storage tank 3 is connected to the battery case 1 through a conveying pipe, and is connected to the cooling pipe 11, and the cooling liquid flow in the liquid storage tank 3 After passing through the conveying pipe, it flows into the cooling pipe 11 through the liquid inlet 12 and flows out from the liquid outlet 13, and finally flows into the liquid storage tank 3 through the conveying pipe, thereby forming a complete circulation of the cooling liquid.
  • the local temperature rises rapidly, the cooling duct 11 reaches a preset temperature, and melts and ruptures.
  • the coolant in the liquid storage tank 3 enters the battery box 1 through the liquid inlet 12, and absorbs a large amount of heat through the phase change.
  • the temperature of the battery module 2 is controlled to rise.

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Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种电池组及电池组系统，包括电池箱和电池模块，所述电池模块设置在电池箱内，所述电池模块由数个电池单体组成，所述电池箱内还设置封闭液，所述电池模块至少部分浸入封闭液中，所述电池箱内设置至少一根冷却管道，所述冷却管道至少有一部分在达到预设温度后熔化破裂，所述冷却管道内设置冷却液，所述冷却液的汽化潜热高于或者等于封闭液的热容或者汽化潜热。本发明提供的技术方案可以有效抑制电池组热失控的蔓延，并且能够节约车内空间，提高了电池组的能量密度。

Description

电池组及电池组系统 技术领域
本发明公开了一种包括锂离子电池的电池组和包括该电池组的电池组系统。
背景技术
储能/电动汽车的电力系统是由多个电池模块组成的，而电池模块又由多个电池单体组成。由于追求电池组的能量密度，电池模块中的电池单体排列非常紧密，以至于电池模块内的热量容易积聚，尤其是整个模块的中间部位，温度往往高于其他部位。当模块中部分电池单体的热量积聚到一定程度之后，可能会导致热失控的现象发生。而且热失控会在电池模块内蔓延，导致其他正常工作的电池单体温度迅速升高，从而使得整个电池模块发生热失控，这是极其危险的，特别是在封闭的电池箱内。
申请号为CN201280043177.9，名称为“电池组灭火装置”的专利申请公开了一种在电池组着火时能够抑制所述电池组发生火灾的装置。该灭火装置包括：火灾探测传感器，其用于检测电池组着火与否；灭火剂容器，在其内部空间容纳灭火剂；及控制单元，其用于在通过所述火灾探测传感器检测到火灾发生时使所述灭火剂容器中的所述灭火剂注入至所述电池组的内部。
该专利中的火灾探测传感器用于探测电池组着火与否，证明其灭火装置在电池组内出现明火才开始工作。事实上，电池组在热失控初期的表现形式是冒烟，表现出明显症状的电池单体温度迅速飙升，一旦某个电池单体开始发生热失控，便不断地产生热能并可能将相邻电池单体加热到高于热失控的临界温度，使这些健康电池单体进入热失控。这种现象会迅速蔓延不断产生热量，直到将其他相邻电池单体加热至热失控状态。
申请号为CN201410186474.X，名称为“一种电动汽车高防水保温电池箱”的专利申请中公开了一种电池箱,它包括密封的箱体和箱体内的若干电池单元，还包括设置于箱体内且与若干电池单元相连的散热装置。每个电池单元设置加热装置，所述的箱体内还设置通过控制电路与加热装置相连的电池箱控制器,还设计了中空散热板为每块电池单元模块散热，保证电池单元模块散热均匀，提高散热效率。该专利中公开的技术方案可以解决电池组在正常工作状态时电池单体的 温度均匀性问题，但是由于散热板起到了热量传导作用，一旦某个电池单体发生热失控，热量会迅速传导至其他正常电池单体，导致热失控迅速蔓延。
公开号为US20100136391A1，发明名称为“Active thermal runaway mitigation system for use within a battery pack”的专利申请公开了一种电池组，包括电池热失控控制系统，该系统包括至少一根设置在电芯附近的含有液体的管道，该管道在靠近电芯的位置具有多个破裂点，每个破裂点在预设温度可以破裂，该预设温度低于管道的熔点，一旦破裂，管道中的液体就可以释放出来对电芯进行冷却。该发明中的技术方案可以在电芯发生热失控时对其进行一定的温度控制。但是，由于电芯是暴露在空气中的，当某个电芯出现热失控时，很可能会在第一时间出现明火并引发燃烧，此时电池中的所有可燃物质与氧气充分反应，释放大量的热量。即便随后冷却液管道破裂释放液体，所产生的大量热量需要大量的液体，这严重影响了热控制的效果。同时明火产生的火焰扩展也会造成周边电芯被快速灼烧而造成进一步的热失控发生。
申请号为CN201220017950.1，名称为“安全电池组”，描述了一种将电池浸没在绝缘封闭液体中的方法，该方法把电芯和空气隔绝，当某个电芯出现热失控时，电芯中喷射出的可燃气体首先遇到封闭液体而被冷却，从而有效避免了明火和燃烧的发生。电池中相当量的可燃物以烟雾形式释放，大大减少了总的发热量。但是，即便如此，电芯热失控时产生的热量仍然相当可观，能够将自身加热到400摄氏度甚至更高。而出于控制重量和体积的考虑，每个电池模块中的绝缘封闭液数量通常十分有限，难以充分吸收或者带走这些热量，无法实现把电池的温度控制在热失控点以下的功能。于是这些热量将把相邻电芯也加热到热失控温度以上，从而引发更多电芯的热失控，使得整个电池模块或者电池系统呈现加速热失控的状况，并最终导致电池组系统的崩溃。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电池组，包括电池箱和电池模块，所述电池模块设置在电池箱内，所述电池模块由数个电池单体组成，所述电池箱内还设置封闭液，所述电池模块至少部分浸入封闭液中，所述电池箱内设置至少一根冷却管道，所述冷却管道至少有一部分在达到预设温度后熔化破裂，所述冷却管道内设置冷却液，所述冷却液的汽化潜热高于或者等于封闭液的热容或者汽化潜热。
将电池模块浸入封闭液中能够避免外部水气的损害，延长使用寿命；而且还起到了散热的作用，有利于电池组内部的温度均匀。当电芯一旦出现热失控，封闭液能够有效地隔绝空气，避免产生明火甚至火焰，大大减少了总的产热量。
在电池箱内设置冷却管道，且冷却管道内设置冷却液，有利于对电池模块进行散热。所述冷却管道至少有一部分在达到预设温度后熔化破裂，此时大量的冷却液从冷却管道中迅速流出，通过冷却液的温升和/或相变吸收热量，将电池模块温度控制在电池组的热失控温度之下，可以有效控制热失控的蔓延。
根据本发明的目的，冷却液的汽化潜热高于或者等于封闭液的热容或者汽化潜热。因此，当电池组中某个电池发生热失控，温度达到冷却液的汽化温度时，冷却液就能够通过相变吸收大量热量，迅速把热失控发生之后的温度降低到热失控点之下，避免热失控的进一步蔓延，从而避免整个电池系统发生连锁反应而崩溃。
作为优选，所述预设温度低于电池模块的热失控温度。
根据电池组的正常工作温度范围，通常所述预设温度在70～150℃之间；优选地，所述预设温度在70～130℃之间；更优选地，所述预设温度为100℃；或者所述预设温度为130℃。
在电池模块正常工作的情况下，冷却管道起到常规的冷却作用，当电池模块因局部热失控而达到预设温度后，冷却管道熔化破裂并释放出内部的冷却液，冷却液进行相变，能够吸收更多的热量，从而有效控制热失控的蔓延。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，冷却管道中熔化破裂部分的材料选自低熔点合金或低熔点聚合物。本发明中的低熔点一般指熔点低于200℃。
通常，上述低熔点聚合物选自POE(乙烯和丁烯的共聚物)、EVA(乙烯和醋酸的共聚物)、ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)、PU(聚氨基甲酸酯)、PA(尼龙)和CPVC(氯化聚氯乙烯)中的至少一种。
低熔点合金选自Ga、In、Sn、Bi、Pb、Cd和Zn中的至少一种。
作为优选，所述封闭液包括凝固点低于-30℃、分解温度高于70℃的绝缘阻燃液体。
封闭液为具有绝缘、阻燃性能的冷却液体，同时具备低于-30℃的凝固点、高于70℃的分解温度。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，上述封闭液包含凝固点低于-30℃、沸点高于70℃的绝缘阻燃液体。
作为优选，所述封闭液选自硅油、变压器油、氟氯烃、氟代烃、氯代烃和氢氟醚中的至少一种。上述物质具备较好的绝缘性能，同时还具有较高的稳定性。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述冷却液的相变温度在70～150℃之间。
作为优选，所述冷却液选自水和水溶液中的至少一种。优选地，所述水溶液选自醇的水溶液。进一步地，所述醇可以选自乙二醇、1，2-亚乙基二醇、丙二醇、1，3-丁二醇、己二醇、二甘醇和丙三醇等中的至少一种，上述物质的水溶液可以有效降低凝固点，提升低温环境中的工作性能。
作为优选，所述冷却液选自氟氯烃、氟代烃、氯代烃和氢氟醚中的至少一种。上述物质能够快速汽化，具备较高的汽化潜热，能够快速带走足够的热量。
作为优选，所述冷却管道中的至少一部分浸入封闭液中。
为了使管道熔化后冷却液能顺利流出对电池模块进行冷却，优选冷却液的液压高于所述封闭液的液压。
冷却管道可以是一端封闭、另一端开口的盲管，也可以是两端都是开口的通管。当使用盲管时，电池在正常工作状态下，冷却液不起作用；而当热失控发生时，从冷却管道流出冷却液起降温、控制热失控蔓延的作用。当使用通管时，在电池正常工作状态下，冷却液还可通过外部循环承担传递热量的角色。
作为优选，所述电池模块在电池箱内倒置放置，使得所述电池模块中的极耳浸没在封闭液中。
电池模块即电池单体倒置放置，是指将电池单体极耳朝下，可以在封闭液较少的情况下使极耳浸入封闭液中。对于电池单体来说极耳的发热量相对较大，对其使用封闭液进行散热，效果更好，且有利于电池模块的绝缘。
本发明的另一种实施方式中，冷却管道外壁设置导热装置，使得电池模块的温度更容易传导至冷却管道。若某个电池单体发生热失控，则导热装置能迅速将热量传导至冷却管道，使得冷却管道熔化破裂，释放出冷却液，从而控制电池模块的温度，避免热失控的蔓延。
对于软包装电池来说，极耳的封装位置是相对容易发生破口的位置，此时电池内部的活性物质可能从破口处漏出，将电池单体倒置有利于减少漏出物质暴露 在空气中的时间，一旦发生泄漏，使之迅速流入封闭液中，提升了安全性能。
根据本发明的目的，当发生热失控时，冷却管道熔化破裂,冷却液进入电池箱，当温度达到冷却液的沸点后开始相变吸热，同时电池箱内的压力也会迅速上升。为了冷却液能够迅速相变吸收更多的热量，也为了整个电池组的安全，所述电池箱上设置泄压阀，优选设置单向泄压阀，使冷却液相变生产的气体在达到一定压力后可以快速排出，进一步提高安全性能。
作为优选，所述电池箱上设置出液口和入液口，所述冷却管道的两个开口分别连接出液口和入液口。
冷却液在冷却管道中流动可以将电池箱中的热量带出，在电池正常工作状态时实现热管理；另一方面，当发生热失控冷却管道熔化破裂后，可以有大量的冷却液通过入液口进入，对电池模块快速降温。
根据另一种实施方式，出液口和入液口均设置在封闭液液面的上方。
将出液口和入液口设置在封闭液液面的上方可以避免冷却管道发生熔化之后，设置在电池箱内的封闭液通过出液口进入循环系统。同时也能够使得电池箱保存更多的冷却液，便于电池模块的冷却。
作为另一种优选的实施方式，所述电池箱上设置入液口，所述冷却管道的开口连接入液口，所述冷却管道在电池箱内且另一端封闭
此时，冷却管道中的冷却液并不循环，主要是在冷却管道熔化破裂后，将储液罐中的大量冷却液导入电池箱内，从而对电池组进行冷却，尽量避免热失控的进一步蔓延。
本发明还保护一种电池组系统，包括如上所述电池组，所述电池系统还包括储液罐，储液罐通过输送管道与电池箱连接。所述储液罐内设置冷却液，所述储液罐通过输送管道与入液口，或出液口和入液口连通。
由于冷却管道容量有限，大量的冷却液可以存储在冷却液容器中，在正常情况下冷却管道中的冷却液可以循环流动，将封闭液的热量带出，从而起到对电池组的冷却作用。而当电池模块即将发生热失控或已经发生热失控后，对散热的需求急剧增加。冷却管道因达到热失控温度而熔化破裂后，大量冷却液可以进入电池箱内，对电池模块进行快速冷却，避免热失控的蔓延。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，储液罐可以通过输送管道与多个电池组(至少 两个)连接。由于同一电动车上多个电池组同时发生热失控的可能性较小，通常控制某个发生热失控的电池组就能避免热失控蔓延至其他电池组。采用多个电池组共用一个储液罐能节约车内空间，减轻整个电池组系统的重量，有效提高整个供电系统的能量密度，同时也能满足阻止热失控蔓延的需求。
作为另一种优选的实施方式，在单个电池组发生热失控时，储液罐向该电池箱内注入冷却液，若该电池箱内的温度不能迅速得到控制，则将其他正常工作的电池箱中的冷却液也注入该电池箱，以获得更好的温控效果。
使用本发明公开的技术方案之后，电池模块的温度更加均匀，减少局部温度积聚的情形。电池模块发生局部热失控后，封闭液首先保障不产生明火，减少热失控后的发热量；同时冷却管道受热熔化破裂，释放出冷却液，利用冷却液发生相变吸收热量，从而有效控制电池模块的温度，使得电池组内的温度得到有效控制，阻止热失控的蔓延。即使进入的冷却液不足以完全控制热失控的蔓延，也可以将大大延迟热失控的蔓延，将损失降到最低。采用多个电池组共用一个储液罐能节约车内空间，减轻整个电池组系统的重量，有效提高整个供电系统的能量密度，同时也能满足阻止热失控蔓延的需求。
附图说明
图1是本发明公开的实施例1、2、3的电池组的结构示意图；
图2是本发明公开的实施例4的电池组的结构示意图；
图3是本发明公开的实施例5、6的电池组的结构示意图；
图4是本发明公开的实施例7的电池组的结构示意图；
图5是本发明公开的实施例8、9的电池组的结构示意图；
图6是本发明公开的实施例7的电池组系统的结构示意图；
图7是本发明公开的实施例8、9的电池组系统的结构示意图；
其中，1.电池箱，11.冷却管道，111.冷却管道A，112冷却管道B，12.入液口，13.出液口，14.封闭液，15.导热装置，2.电池模块，3.储液罐。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1所示，本发明公开一种电池组，包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭 液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用硅油作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置冷却管道11，冷却管道11内设置冷却液，冷却管道11的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为70℃。在电池模块2正常工作的情况下，冷却管道11起到常规的冷却作用，冷却液为水。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道11达到预设温度而熔化破裂，大量冷却液可以通过冷却管道11的破口流出，通过相变吸收大量的热量，从而控制电池模块2的温度的上升。
实施例2
如图1所示，本发明公开一种电池组，包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用硅油作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置冷却管道11，冷却管道11内设置冷却液，冷却管道11的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为70℃。在电池模块2正常工作的情况下，冷却管道11起到常规的冷却作用，冷却液为氟代烃。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道11达到预设温度而熔化破裂，大量冷却液可以通过冷却管道11的破口流出，通过相变吸收大量的热量，从而控制电池模块2的温度的上升。
实施例3
如图1所示，本发明公开一种电池组，包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用氢氟醚作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置一根冷却管道11，环管道内设置冷却液，冷却管道11的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为100℃。在电池模块2正常工作的情况下，冷却管道11起到常规的冷却作用，冷却液为乙二醇水溶液。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道11达到预设温度而熔化破裂，大量冷却液可以通过冷却管道11的破口流出，通过相变吸收大量 的热量，从而控制电池模块2的温度的上升。
实施例4
如图2所示，本发明公开一种电池组，包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用硅油作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置冷却管道A111和冷却管道B112，冷却管道A111和冷却管道B112内设置冷却液，冷却管道A111和冷却管道B112的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为130℃。在电池模块2正常工作的情况下，冷却管道11起到常规的冷却作用。
电池箱1上设置出液口13和入液口12，冷却管道A111和冷却管道B112分别连接出液口13和入液口12。冷却液在冷却管道A111和冷却管道B112中循环可以将封闭液14中的热量带出，避免热量积聚在电池箱1中对电池模块2造成损害。冷却液存储在电池箱外的冷却液容器中，冷却液为水。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道A111和/或冷却管道B112达到预设温度而熔化破裂，大量冷却液可以通过破口流出，通过相变吸收大量的热量，从而控制电池模块2的温度的上升。
实施例5
如图3所示，本发明公开一种电池组，包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用硅油作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置冷却管道11，冷却管道11内设置冷却液，冷却管道11的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为130℃。在电池模块2正常工作的情况下，冷却管道11起到常规的冷却作用。冷却管道11的外壁上设置了导热装置15，该实施例中，采用导热翅片作为导热装置15。
电池箱1上设置出液口13和入液口12，冷却管道11连接出液口13和入液口12。冷却液在冷却管道11中循环可以将封闭液14中的热量带出，避免热量积聚在电池箱1中对电池模块2造成损害。冷却液存储在电池箱1外的冷却液容 器中，冷却液为水。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道11达到预设温度而熔化破裂，大量冷却液可以通过破口流出，通过相变吸收大量的热量，从而控制电池模块2的温度的上升。
实施例6
如图3所示，本发明公开一种电池组，包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用氢氟醚作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置冷却管道11，冷却管道11内设置冷却液，冷却管道11的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为200℃。在电池模块2正常工作的情况下，冷却管道11起到常规的冷却作用。冷却管道11的外壁上设置了导热装置15，该实施例中，采用导热翅片作为导热装置15。
电池箱1上设置出液口13和入液口12，冷却管道11连接出液口13和入液口12。冷却液在冷却管道11中循环可以将封闭液14中的热量带出，避免热量积聚在电池箱1中对电池模块2造成损害。冷却液存储在电池箱1外的冷却液容器中，冷却液为乙二醇水溶液。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道11达到预设温度而熔化破裂，大量冷却液可以通过破口流出，通过相变吸收大量的热量，从而控制电池模块2的温度的上升。
实施例7
如图6所示，本发明公开一种电池组系统，包括两个如图4中的电池组和储液罐3。该电池组包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用氢氟醚作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置冷却管道11，冷却管道11的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为70℃。电池箱1上设置入液口12，冷却管道11为一端开口另一端封闭的盲管，冷却管道11开口的一端连接入液口12。冷却液为乙二醇水溶液。
电池箱1的外部设置储液罐3，储液罐3内部设置冷却液，储液罐3通过输送管道与电池箱1连接，并且连接至冷却管道11。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道11达到预设温度而熔化破裂，储液罐3中的冷却液通过入液口12进入电池箱1内，通过相变吸收大量的热量，控制电池模块2的温度的上升。
实施例8
如图7所示，本发明公开一种电池组系统，包括两个如图5中的电池组和储液罐3。该电池组包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用氢氟醚作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置冷却管道11，冷却管道11的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为100℃。电池箱1上设置出液口13和入液口12，冷却管道11分别连接出液口13和入液口12。冷却液在冷却管道11中循环可以将封闭液14中的热量带出，避免热量积聚在电池箱1中对电池模块2造成损害，冷却液为乙二醇水溶液。
电池箱1的外部设置储液罐3，储液罐3内部也设置冷却液，储液罐3通过输送管道与电池箱1连接，并且连接至冷却管道11，储液罐3内的冷却液流经输送管道后通过入液口12流入冷却管道11内并从出液口13流出，最后通过输送管道流入储液罐3，从而形成完整的冷却液的循环。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道11达到预设温度而熔化破裂，储液罐3中的冷却液通过入液口12进入电池箱1内，通过相变吸收大量的热量，控制电池模块2的温度的上升。
实施例9
如图7所示，本发明公开一种电池组系统，包括两个如图5中的电池组和储液罐3。该电池组包括电池箱1和电池模块2，电池模块2设置在电池箱1内，电池箱1内还设置封闭液14，将电池模块2浸入封闭液14中，将电池单体极耳朝下设置，使得电池模块2的极耳浸没在封闭液14中，本实施例中采用氢氟醚作为封闭液14。
电池箱1内设置冷却管道11，冷却管道11的管壁的熔化温度为预设温度，预设温度为100℃。电池箱1上设置出液口13和入液口12，冷却管道11分别连接出液口13和入液口12。冷却液在冷却管道11中循环可以将封闭液14中的热量带出，避免热量积聚在电池箱1中对电池模块2造成损害，冷却液为乙二醇水溶液。
电池箱1的外部设置储液罐3，储液罐3内部也设置冷却液，储液罐3通过输送管道与电池箱1连接，并且连接至冷却管道11，储液罐3内的冷却液流经输送管道后通过入液口12流入冷却管道11内并从出液口13流出，最后通过输送管道流入储液罐3，从而形成完整的冷却液的循环。
电池模块2发生热失控后，局部温度迅速上升，冷却管道11达到预设温度而熔化破裂，储液罐3中的冷却液通过入液口12进入电池箱1内，通过相变吸收大量的热量，控制电池模块2的温度的上升。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电池组，包括电池箱和电池模块，所述电池模块设置在电池箱内，所述电池模块由数个电池单体组成，其特征在于：所述电池箱内还设置封闭液，所述电池模块至少部分浸入封闭液中，所述电池箱内设置至少一根冷却管道，所述冷却管道至少有一部分在达到预设温度后熔化破裂，所述冷却管道内设置冷却液，所述冷却液的汽化潜热高于或者等于封闭液的热容或者汽化潜热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述预设温度低于电池模块的热失控温度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述预设温度在70～150℃之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述预设温度在70～130℃之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述冷却管道中熔化破裂部分的材料选自低熔点合金或低熔点聚合物。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述低熔点聚合物选自乙烯和丁烯的共聚物、乙烯和醋酸的共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚氨基甲酸酯、尼龙和氯化聚氯乙烯中的至少一种。
  7. 据权利要求5所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述低熔点合金选自Ga、In、Sn、Bi、Pb、Cd和Zn中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述封闭液包含凝固点低于-30℃、分解温度高于70℃的绝缘阻燃液体。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述封闭液选自硅油、变压器油、氟氯烃、氟代烃、氯代烃和氢氟醚中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述冷却液的相变温度在70～150℃之间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述冷却液选自水和水溶液中的至少一种。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述水溶液选自醇的水溶液。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述醇选自乙二醇、1，2-亚乙基二醇、丙二醇、1，3-丁二醇、己二醇、二甘醇和丙三醇中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述冷却液选氟氯烃、氟代烃、氯代烃和氢氟醚中的至少一种。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述冷却管道至少部分浸入封闭液中。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述冷却液的液压高于所述封闭液的液压。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述电池模块在电池箱内倒置放置。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述电池箱上设置泄压阀。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述冷却管道的外壁上设置导热装置。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述电池箱上设置出液口和入液口，所述冷却管道的两个开口分别连接出液口和入液口。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述电池箱上设置入液口，所述冷却管道的开口连接入液口，所述冷却管道的另一端封闭。
  22. 一种电池组系统，包括如权利要求20所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述电池组系统还包括储液罐，所述储液罐内设置冷却液，储液罐通过输送管道与出液口和入液口连通。
  23. 一种电池组系统，包括如权利要求21所述的电池组，其特征在于：所述电池组系统还包括储液罐，所述储液罐内设置冷却液，储液罐通过输送管道与入液口连通。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的电池组系统，其特征在于：所述电池组系统包括至少两个电池组。
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