WO2017024653A1 - 电梯自动解救及节能装置以及其控制方法、以及超级电容器模块 - Google Patents

电梯自动解救及节能装置以及其控制方法、以及超级电容器模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017024653A1
WO2017024653A1 PCT/CN2015/089365 CN2015089365W WO2017024653A1 WO 2017024653 A1 WO2017024653 A1 WO 2017024653A1 CN 2015089365 W CN2015089365 W CN 2015089365W WO 2017024653 A1 WO2017024653 A1 WO 2017024653A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
elevator
module
energy
supercapacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2015/089365
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑家伟
陈宇澄
薜向党
陈乐茵
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Forward Electronics Co Ltd
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Forward Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510484927.1A external-priority patent/CN105098967B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201520595650.5U external-priority patent/CN204928347U/zh
Application filed by Forward Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Forward Electronics Co Ltd
Priority to EP15781010.2A priority Critical patent/EP3156358A4/en
Priority to US15/750,897 priority patent/US11046553B2/en
Priority to KR1020157035977A priority patent/KR101930252B1/ko
Publication of WO2017024653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017024653A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/027—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions to permit passengers to leave an elevator car in case of failure, e.g. moving the car to a reference floor or unlocking the door
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/30—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor
    • B66B1/302—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor for energy saving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/30—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor
    • B66B1/308—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor with AC powered elevator drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/32—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on braking devices, e.g. acting on electrically controlled brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/34—Details, e.g. call counting devices, data transmission from car to control system, devices giving information to the control system
    • B66B1/3415—Control system configuration and the data transmission or communication within the control system
    • B66B1/3446—Data transmission or communication within the control system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B2201/00—Aspects of control systems of elevators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

Definitions

  • the present application relates to elevator fault testing and elevator energy saving, and more particularly to an elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device and a control method thereof, and a super capacitor module.
  • the elevators currently in use mainly have two disadvantages: one is that the elevator cannot be used in the event of a power failure, causing the originally operated elevator to suddenly stop, and the passengers in the elevator are threatened by safety due to the thin air, causing passengers to be nervous. Uneasy, anxious, panic, and it is difficult to rescue passengers from the elevator; the second is that the feedback energy generated when the elevator traction motor brakes is consumed by the brake resistor, thus reducing the efficiency of the elevator system.
  • the rechargeable battery is generally selected as the backup power source for the elevator emergency. It should be noted that rechargeable batteries have the following disadvantages: a certain service life, a relatively long charging time, and a relatively small voltage range. These shortcomings can adversely affect the stability and reliability of elevator emergency floor equipment.
  • the traction motor When the elevator decelerates, the traction motor generates braking energy. Through the motor and the inverter, the braking energy can be fed back to The DC bus of the inverter, which will cause the DC bus voltage to rise.
  • the DC bus voltage cannot exceed the limit.
  • the first method is to dissipate the electric energy by the braking resistor.
  • the second method is to feed back the electric energy to the grid through the inverter. Obviously, the former wastes the feedback energy, and the latter effectively recovers the feedback energy.
  • the latter has the disadvantage that it cannot be ignored, that is, the feedback power output to the grid has harmonics, which may cause pollution to the power grid.
  • an elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device for an elevator based on a supercapacitor module and a control method thereof, which can stably and reliably provide a standby power supply for an emergency stop floor of an elevator during a sudden power failure and can realize energy-saving operation of the elevator.
  • an elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device including:
  • a supercapacitor module for storing electrical energy, comprising: backup power for emergency shutdown of the elevator power failure and feedback energy generated when the traction motor brakes; a DC-DC converter connecting the supercapacitor module and connecting for a motor driver driving a traction motor of the elevator for converting a voltage of the supercapacitor module into a voltage of a DC bus in the motor driver, and also for converting a voltage of the DC bus to a voltage of the supercapacitor module a DC-AC inverter connected to the DC-DC converter for converting DC power outputted by the DC-DC converter into AC power; a switching converter circuit connected to the DC-AC inverter and a power grid for selectively switching between the DC-AC inverter and the power grid to output the converted AC power of the DC-AC inverter to an elevator control system or to the power grid Power output to the elevator control system; energy management a system for connecting the DC-DC converter, the DC-AC inverter, and the switch conversion circuit for controlling the switch conversion circuit to connect
  • the ultracapacitor module includes a plurality of branches connected in parallel, wherein each branch is composed of a plurality of series connected supercapacitor units including super capacitors and equalization connected in parallel A circuit, wherein the equalization circuit is operative to maintain a supercapacitor connected in parallel with a normal tolerance.
  • the energy management system is further configured to: when the traction motor brakes, control the DC-DC converter to cause the ultracapacitor module to store feedback energy generated by a traction motor brake, And when the traction motor is operated in the electric mode, the DC-DC converter is controlled to supply the feedback energy stored by the super capacitor module to the traction motor.
  • the energy management system is further configured to: when the traction machine is in braking operation, if the power of the ultracapacitor module is less than a brake feedback power limit, then the DC-DC converter is controlled The feedback power generated by the brake operation of the tractor is transmitted to the supercapacitor module for storage; otherwise, the feedback energy generated by the brake operation of the tractor is released; wherein the brake feedback power limit represents the supercapacitor module The maximum capacity allowed.
  • the energy management system is further configured to: determine, when the traction motor is electrically operated, whether the power of the ultracapacitor module is greater than a rescue power required for an emergency operation of the elevator; if the supercapacitor The power of the module is greater than the rescue power, and the feedback power of the ultracapacitor module is transmitted to the motor driver through the DC-DC converter; otherwise, the DC-DC converter is controlled to stop working.
  • the energy management system is further configured to determine, according to the power amount of the ultracapacitor module, whether to charge the ultracapacitor module; if the power of the ultracapacitor module is less than that for elevator emergency To operate the required rescue power, the DC-DC converter connected to the supercapacitor module is controlled to charge the supercapacitor module; otherwise, charging of the ultracapacitor module is stopped.
  • the energy management system is further configured to send an instruction to the elevator control system when the power is suddenly turned off, thereby causing the elevator to be urgently parked to the nearest floor by the elevator control system.
  • the elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device further includes a super capacitor management system for monitoring and managing the operation of the super capacitor module, and transmitting a corresponding fault when the super capacitor module is found to be faulty. Information is provided to the energy management system.
  • the DC-DC converter is a multi-phase bidirectional power converter, which is A plurality of phase circuits are constructed, each phase circuit comprising an inductor and two power switching devices.
  • the DC-AC inverter may be composed of a power switching device, a power diode, an inductor, a capacitor, a driving circuit, and a control circuit.
  • the switching conversion circuit is composed of a contactor or a power switching device and a driving circuit.
  • an elevator automatic rescue and energy saving control method including: when a power grid is normally powered, a single phase power in a three-phase power grid is selected as an AC power source of an elevator control system; and a DC-DC converter is controlled.
  • the supercapacitor module connected thereto is charged to a prescribed standby power; when the power grid is suddenly interrupted, the power stored by the supercapacitor module is selected to be used as a rescue power for the tractor and the elevator control system.
  • the method when the power grid is normally powered, the method further includes determining whether to charge the ultracapacitor module according to a power amount of the ultracapacitor module; if the power of the ultracapacitor module Less than the rescue power required for the emergency operation of the elevator, the DC-DC converter connected to the supercapacitor module is controlled to charge the supercapacitor module; otherwise, the charging of the ultracapacitor module is stopped.
  • the method when the power grid is suddenly interrupted, the method further includes: issuing a control signal to the sequentially connected DC-DC converter, DC-AC inverter, and switching conversion circuit, thereby causing the DC-
  • the DC converter transmits the electrical energy stored by the supercapacitor module to the motor driver and the DC-AC inverter, and the switch conversion circuit selects the output of the DC-AC inverter as the AC power of the elevator control system;
  • a control signal is sent to the elevator control system to force the elevator to automatically stop at the nearest floor.
  • the method further includes: controlling the DC-DC converter due to a traction mechanism if the power of the ultracapacitor module is less than a brake feedback power limit during traction machine braking operation
  • the feedback energy generated by the dynamic operation is transmitted to the ultracapacitor module for storage; otherwise, the feedback energy generated by the tractor brake operation is released; wherein the brake feedback power limit indicates the maximum allowable of the supercapacitor module capacity
  • the method further includes determining, when the traction motor is electrically operated, whether the electrical energy of the ultracapacitor module is greater than a rescue power required for emergency operation of the elevator; if the electrical energy of the ultracapacitor module More than the rescue power, the feedback power of the ultracapacitor module is transmitted to the motor driver through the DC-DC converter; otherwise, the DC-DC converter is controlled to stop working.
  • an ultracapacitor module that stores standby power for emergency shutdown of an elevator power failure and feedback energy generated by traction motor braking
  • the super capacitor module including a plurality of Parallelly connected branches, wherein each branch is composed of a plurality of series connected supercapacitor units including parallel connected supercapacitors and equalization circuits, wherein the equalization circuit is used to maintain supercapacitors connected in parallel therewith Work is within the normal tolerance.
  • the supercapacitor is a supercapacitor cell or consists of a plurality of supercapacitor cells connected in parallel.
  • the application uses a supercapacitor module to provide a stable and reliable elevator solution when the grid is suddenly powered off.
  • the power is saved, and the feedback energy dissipated during the operation of the elevator brake can be stored, and the feedback energy is utilized during the electric operation, thereby saving energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of an ultracapacitor module 1 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of an equalization circuit (BC) in the ultracapacitor module 1 according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a DC-AC inverter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a switching conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a method for controlling automatic rescue and energy saving of an elevator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application proposes an automatic rescue and energy-saving device for an elevator based on a supercapacitor module, which can provide an energy-saving operation of the elevator and a standby power supply for the emergency stop floor of the elevator when a sudden power failure occurs.
  • the present application will automatically store the backup power for the emergency shutdown of the elevator power failure and the feedback power generated when the traction motor brakes.
  • the present application automatically supplies power stored in the supercapacitor module to the elevator system, causing the elevator system to operate and emergency stop at the nearest floor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device of the present application.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of FIG. 1. 1 and 2, the elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device of the present application is composed of an energy management system 6, a super capacitor module 1, a DC-DC converter 2, a DC-AC inverter 3, and a switch conversion circuit 4, the elevator
  • the automatic rescue and energy-saving device is connected to the external three-phase power grid 9 and the motor driver 8.
  • the automatic rescue and energy-saving device of the elevator supplies the power of the grid to the motor driver 8 when the power supply of the grid is normal to drive the traction motor 7 to drive the elevator to operate normally, and suddenly the grid is in operation.
  • the stored electrical energy is supplied to the motor drive 8 to drive the traction motor 7 and the elevator control system 10 to relieve the operation of the elevator.
  • the energy management system 6 is an intelligent control center of the apparatus of the present application for controlling the automatic rescue and energy saving operation of the elevator.
  • the energy management system 6 will send a control signal to the switch converter circuit 4 such that the switch converter circuit 4 selects the single phase power source in the three phase grid as the AC power source of the elevator control system 10. Meanwhile, when the power grid is normally powered, the energy management system 6 also controls the DC-DC converter 2 to charge the supercapacitor module 1 to a prescribed backup power, which is used to supply power to the elevator control system 10 when the power grid is suddenly powered off. And traction motor 7.
  • the elevator operation is divided into two cases, one for the uplink and one for the downlink.
  • the traction motor 7 is in the braking mode, at which time the energy management system 6 controls the DC-DC converter 2 to cause the supercapacitor module 1 to absorb the feedback energy generated by the braking of the traction motor 7.
  • the energy management system 6 controls the DC-DC converter 2 to supply the absorbed feedback electric energy to the traction motor, thereby realizing the energy-saving operation of the elevator.
  • the energy management system 6 controls the DC-AC inverter 3 to convert the direct current into single-phase alternating current, wherein the direct current is derived from the electric energy stored by the supercapacitor module 1, and controls the switching circuit 4 to control the single phase.
  • the one-way alternating current output from the DC-AC inverter 3 is connected to the elevator control system 10 as its single-phase AC power source.
  • the energy management system 6 also controls the DC-DC converter 2 to cause the ultracapacitor module 1 to supply the stored backup power to the DC bus connected to the motor driver 8.
  • the energy management control system 6 also signals the elevator control system 10 to cause the elevator to be emergencyly parked on the nearest floor, thereby enabling automatic rescue of the elevator upon sudden power outage.
  • the signal sent to the elevator control system 10 by the energy management control system 6 can be understood as a voltage signal.
  • the voltage signal in the absence of a fault, can be 12 volts or 24 volts, etc.; in the event of a fault, the voltage signal can be zero volts, depending on the elevator control system interface requirements.
  • the elevator automatic rescue and energy saving device may further include a super capacitor management system 5, Used to monitor and manage the operation of the Supercapacitor Module 1, which measures and monitors the temperature of each supercapacitor cell and the temperature at different locations of the module. If the supercapacitor management system 5 finds any occurrence of overvoltage, overtemperature, and undertemperature in the supercapacitor module, it immediately sends corresponding fault information to the energy management system 6.
  • a super capacitor management system 5 Used to monitor and manage the operation of the Supercapacitor Module 1, which measures and monitors the temperature of each supercapacitor cell and the temperature at different locations of the module. If the supercapacitor management system 5 finds any occurrence of overvoltage, overtemperature, and undertemperature in the supercapacitor module, it immediately sends corresponding fault information to the energy management system 6.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the ultracapacitor module 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the supercapacitor module 1 is connected to the DC-DC converter 2, through which the standby power required for the emergency stop of the elevator power failure and the feedback energy generated by the traction motor brake are stored, and the power grid suddenly The standby power is released during the power failure for emergency stop of the elevator and release of the feedback power to the traction motor.
  • the ultracapacitor module 1 includes a plurality of supercapacitors and equalization circuits connected in parallel.
  • the supercapacitor module 1 can be composed of m branches connected in parallel (m is a positive integer), each branch is composed of n units connected in series (n is a positive integer), and each unit is connected by a super capacitor and balanced in parallel.
  • the circuit (BC) is composed.
  • the supercapacitor can be a supercapacitor cell or can be composed of several supercapacitor cells in parallel.
  • FIG. 4 shows a circuit configuration diagram of an equalization circuit (BC) in the ultracapacitor module 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the equalization circuit can be made up of resistors (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8), capacitor (C1), adjustable precision shunt regulator (U1), triode (Q1), MOSFET. (Q2) composition.
  • the equalization circuit shown in FIG. 4 above is only one example of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the equalization circuit (BC) is used to maintain the normal operation of the supercapacitor connected in parallel therewith. If the voltage of the supercapacitor exceeds the specified value, the triode (Q1) and the MOSFET (Q2) will be turned on, so that the supercapacitor discharges to the resistor (R8), and the supercapacitor voltage is reduced, thereby protecting the supercapacitor voltage. A goal that exceeds the allowed value.
  • the equalization circuit (BC) does not operate if the supercapacitor voltage does not exceed the specified value.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the DC-DC converter 2 is connected to the supercapacitor module 1, the motor driver 8, and the DC-AC inverter 3, and is controlled by the energy management system 6.
  • the DC-DC conversion 2 is composed of an inductor (L1 to LK), a power switching device (T1 to T2K), a power diode (D1 to D2K), a driving circuit, and a control circuit (k is a positive integer), DC-DC.
  • the output of the transform 2 can be directly connected to the DC bus of the motor drive 8.
  • the power switching device may be a switching device such as an IGBT, a GTO, or a MOSFET, but the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the DC-DC converter shown in FIG. 5 above is only an example of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the DC-DC converter 2 receives the control signal of the energy management system 6 for converting the voltage of the supercapacitor module 1 into the voltage of the DC bus in the motor driver 8, and also converting the voltage of the DC bus to the voltage of the supercapacitor module 1. .
  • the DC-DC converter 2 transfers the electrical energy stored by the supercapacitor module 1 to the traction motor 7 via the DC bus. Conversely, it can also store the feedback energy generated by the traction motor in the supercapacitor module 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a DC-AC inverter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the DC-AC inverter 3 is connected to the DC-DC converter 2, the motor driver 8, and the switching converter circuit 4, and is controlled by the energy management system 6.
  • the DC-AC inverter 3 can be powered by power switching devices (T f1 , T f2 , T f3 , T f4 ), power diodes (D f1 , D f2 , D f3 , D f4 ), and inductance (L f ). , capacitor (C f ), drive circuit and control circuit.
  • the DC-AC inverter shown in FIG. 6 above is only one example of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the single-phase DC-AC inverter 3 is controlled by the energy management system 6 for inverting the voltage of the ultracapacitor module 1 stored in the DC-DC converter 2 to the DC bus to a single-phase AC voltage, and then The alternating current is supplied to the elevator control system via the switch conversion circuit 4, thereby controlling the emergency stop of the elevator upon sudden power failure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a switching conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the switching converter circuit 4 is connected to the grid 9, the elevator control system 10, and is composed of a contactor or power switching device (S1, S2) and a driving circuit.
  • the switchover circuit 4 is controlled by the energy management system 6. If the grid is normally powered, the single phase grid from the three phase grid is connected to the elevator control system 10 as its single phase AC source, and if the grid is suddenly powered down, then DC-AC The inverter output is connected to the elevator control system as its single phase AC power source.
  • the automatic rescue and energy-saving control method of the elevator is divided into electric energy for saving the elevator operation when the power grid is normally powered, and uses the stored electric energy as the backup power source of the traction motor when the power grid is suddenly powered off and serves as the power source of the elevator control system. So that the elevator control system controls the elevator to run and emergency stop to the nearest floor.
  • the energy management system 6 controls the DC-DC converter 2 to charge the super capacitor module 1 to the specified standby power.
  • the energy management system 6 sends a control signal to the DC- The DC converter 2, the DC-DC converter 2, transmits the feedback energy generated by the traction motor 7 while braking to the supercapacitor module 1.
  • the energy management system 6 sends a control signal to the DC-DC converter 2, and the DC-DC converter 2 supplies the feedback energy stored in the supercapacitor module 1 to the traction motor through the DC bus. .
  • the energy management system 6 immediately sends a control signal to the DC-DC converter 2 and the switch conversion circuit 4, and the DC-DC converter 2 transfers the energy stored by the supercapacitor module 1 to the DC bus, and the switch conversion circuit 4
  • the DC-AC inverter 3 output is selected as the AC power source of the elevator control system; at the same time, a control signal is sent to the elevator control system 10, forcing the elevator to automatically stop at the nearest floor. If the energy management system 6 receives the relevant fault information from the supercapacitor management system 5, the energy management system 6 will issue a control signal to the DC-DC converter 2, and the DC-DC converter 2 will stop operating. Moreover, the energy management system issues an alarm message.
  • the energy control system 6 controls the DC-AC inverter 3 to stop operating.
  • the energy control system 6 determines whether the supercapacitor module 1 needs to be charged under normal power supply conditions (for example, the energy control system 6 detects the supercapacitor module voltage through the DC-DC converter to This estimates the electrical energy of the supercapacitor module) to store backup power.
  • the electric energy of the supercapacitor module 1 is less than the rescue energy required for the emergency operation of the elevator, it is necessary to control the DC-DC converter to charge the ultracapacitor module 1 to supply the three-phase grid to the motor driver DC through the DC-DC converter.
  • the direct current on the bus is supplied to the ultracapacitor module 1 to be charged to the prescribed backup power.
  • the rescue power is an electric energy value for the elevator automatic rescue estimated based on the elevator capacity, power, and the like.
  • how to store and supply the feedback electrical energy is determined depending on whether the elevator is moving up or down, that is, whether the traction motor is electrically operated or braked.
  • the supercapacitor module 1 When the elevator is running down, that is, when the tractor brakes, if the electric energy of the supercapacitor module 1 is less than the brake feedback energy limit, the supercapacitor module 1 can also store electrical energy, and then the DC-DC converter will be controlled on the DC bus.
  • the feedback energy generated by the brake operation of the tractor is transmitted to the supercapacitor module 1 for storage.
  • the brake feedback power limit represents the maximum capacity allowed by the ultracapacitor module 1. If the electrical energy of the supercapacitor module 1 exceeds the brake feedback energy limit, the feedback energy generated by the traction brake operation is released via the DC bus.
  • the DC bus can pass the feedback electric energy through the braking circuit (as shown in FIG. 2, the braking resistor is connected to a switch and then connected to the DC bus, so it is called a braking circuit here). Discharge, thereby keeping the DC bus voltage below its limit.
  • the super capacitor module 1 transmits the stored excess feedback electric energy to the DC bus to be supplied to the motor driver, thereby achieving energy saving. Therefore, before supplying the feedback electric energy to the motor driver, it is first determined whether the electric energy of the supercapacitor module 1 is greater than the required rescue energy, and the DC-DC conversion is determined when the electric energy of the supercapacitor module 1 is greater than the required rescue energy. The device transfers the feedback energy of the supercapacitor module to the DC bus of the motor driver.
  • the control DC-DC converter stops working, and does not transmit. Feed back energy.
  • the energy management system 6 selects the power stored by the supercapacitor module 1 as the rescue power of the traction motor and the elevator control system. At this time, the energy management system 6 sends a control signal to the DC-DC converter 2, The DC-DC converter 2 transfers the electrical energy stored by the ultracapacitor module 1 to the DC bus, the DC-AC inverter 3 starts to work, and then the energy management system 6 issues an instruction to the switching converter circuit 4 to select the DC-AC inverter 3 The output is the AC power source of the elevator control system 10; at the same time, a control signal is sent to the elevator control system 10, forcing the elevator to automatically stop at the nearest floor.
  • the present application uses a supercapacitor module, which can provide a stable and reliable elevator rescue power supply when the power grid is suddenly powered off, and can also store the feedback power dissipated during the elevator brake operation, and is electrically operated. This feedback energy is used to save energy.

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Abstract

一种电梯自动解救及节能控制方法，该方法包括：当电网正常供电时，选择三相电网（9）中的单相电作为电梯控制系统（10）的交流电源；控制直流-直流变换器（2）对与其连接的超级电容器模块（1）充电至规定的备用电能；当电网突然中断时，选择使用所述超级电容器模块（1）存储的电能作为牵引电机（7）和电梯控制系统（10）的解救电能。上述方法使用超级电容器模块，能够在电网突然断电时，提供稳定可靠的电梯解救电源，并且还能存储电梯制动运行时所耗散的回馈电能，并在电动运行时利用该回馈电能，从而节约了能源。

Description

电梯自动解救及节能装置以及其控制方法、以及超级电容器模块 技术领域
本申请涉及电梯故障测试和电梯节能，尤其涉及一种电梯自动解救及节能装置以及其控制方法、以及超级电容器模块。
背景技术
目前使用的电梯主要有两个缺点：其一是在断电紧急情况下电梯不能使用，造成原来运行的电梯会突然停下，电梯里的乘客由于稀薄的空气而受到安全的威胁，导致乘客紧张不安、焦虑、恐慌的情绪，而且把乘客从电梯里解救出来也是困难的；其二是在电梯牵引电机制动时产生的回馈电能被制动电阻器所消耗，因此降低了电梯系统的效率。
对于目前的电梯紧急停靠楼层技术来说，一般选择可充电电池做为电梯紧急情况下的备用电源。应该指出的是，可充电电池具有如下缺点：一定的使用寿命、比较长的充电时间、比较小的电压范围。这些缺点会对电梯紧急停靠楼层设备的稳定性和可靠性产生不良影响。
对电梯系统来说，重载向下运行或轻载向上运行会带来势能的变化，因此电梯减速时牵引电机会产生制动能量，通过电机和逆变器，这种制动能量能够回馈到逆变器的直流母线，这将造成直流母线电压升高。然而，众所周知，直流母线电压不能超过限值。为了保持直流母线电压处于安全水平，通常采用两种方法释放回馈电能。第一种方法是由制动电阻耗散回馈电能，第二种方法是通过逆变器回馈电能到电网。显然，前者浪费了回馈电能，后者有效地回收了回馈电能。但是，后者具有不可忽视的缺点，那就是输出到电网的回馈电力具有谐波，因而会对电网造成污染。
发明内容
为解决以上问题，本申请提供了一个基于超级电容器模块的电梯自动解救及节能装置及其控制方法，能够稳定可靠地提供，突然停电时电梯紧急停靠楼层的备用电源并能够实现电梯的节能运行。根据本申请的一个方案，提供一种电梯自动解救及节能装置，包括：
超级电容器模块，用于存储电能，该电能包括用于电梯断电紧急停靠的备用电能以及牵引电机制动时产生的回馈电能；直流-直流变换器，其连接所述超级电容器模块并连接用于驱动电梯的牵引电机的电机驱动器，用来将所述超级电容器模块的电压转换为所述电机驱动器中直流母线的电压，也用于将所述直流母线的电压转换为所述超级电容器模块的电压；直流-交流逆变器，其连接所述直流-直流变换器，用于将所述直流-直流变换器输出的直流电转换为交流电；开关转换电路，其连接所述直流-交流逆变器和一电网，用于在所述直流-交流逆变器和所述电网之间进行选择切换，以将所述直流-交流逆变器所转换后的交流电输出给一电梯控制系统或将所述电网的电力输出给所述电梯控制系统；能量管理 系统，连接所述直流-直流变换器、所述直流-交流逆变器、所述开关转换电路，用于当所述电网正常供电时，控制所述开关转换电路将所述电网连接至所述电梯控制系统作为其交流电源，并控制所述直流-直流变换器对所述超级电容器模块充电至规定的备用电能，并用于当所述电网突然断电时，控制所述直流-直流变换器将来自所述超级电容器模块中的电能转换为直流电传输给所述直流-交流逆变器，控制所述直流-交流逆变器将所述直流电转换为交流电，并控制所述开关转换电路将该交流电连接至所述电梯控制系统以作为其交流电源，同时控制所述直流-直流变换器将来自所述超级电容器模块中的电能供电给所述电机驱动器。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述超级电容器模块包括多个并联连接的支路，其中每个支路由多个串联连接的超级电容器单元组成，所述超级电容器单元包括并联连接的超级电容器及均衡电路，其中所述均衡电路用于保持与其并联连接的超级电容器工作在正常的容许范围内。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述能量管理系统还用于当所述牵引电机制动时，控制所述直流-直流变换器使所述超级电容器模块存储由牵引电机制动产生的回馈电能，且当所述牵引电机工作于电动模式时，控制所述直流-直流变换器将所述超级电容模块所存储的回馈电能供电给所述牵引电机。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述能量管理系统还用于：在牵引机制动运行时，如果所述超级电容器模块的电能小于制动回馈电能限值，则控制所述直流-直流变换器将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能传送给所述超级电容器模块存储；否则，将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能释放掉；其中所述制动回馈电能限值表示所述超级电容器模块允许的最大容量。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述能量管理系统还用于：在牵引电机电动运行时，确定所述超级电容器模块的电能是否大于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能；如果所述超级电容器模块的电能大于所述解救电能，通过所述直流-直流变换器将所述超级电容器模块的回馈电能传送给电机驱动器；否则控制所述直流-直流变换器停止工作。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述能量管理系统还用于根据所述超级电容器模块的电能大小，确定是否需要向所述超级电容器模块充电；如果所述超级电容器模块的电能小于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能，则控制与超级电容器模块相连的直流-直流变换器向超级电容器模块充电；否则，停止向所述超级电容器模块充电。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述能量管理系统还用于当突然断电时发送指令给电梯控制系统，从而通过电梯控制系统使电梯紧急停靠到最近楼层。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述电梯自动解救及节能装置还包括超级电容管理系统，用来监视和管理所述超级电容器模块的运行，在发现所述超级电容器模块出现故障时发送相应的故障信息给所述能量管理系统。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述直流-直流变换器是一个多相双向功率变换器，其由 多个相电路构成，每个相电路包括一个电感和两个功率开关器件。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述直流-交流逆变器可由功率开关器件、功率二极管、电感、电容器、驱动电路和控制电路组成。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述开关转换电路由接触器或功率开关器件和驱动电路组成。
根据本申请的另一方案，提供一种电梯自动解救及节能控制方法，包括：当电网正常供电时，选择三相电网中的单相电作为电梯控制系统的交流电源；控制直流-直流变换器对与其连接的超级电容器模块充电至规定的备用电能；当电网突然中断时，选择使用所述超级电容器模块存储的电能作为牵引机和电梯控制系统的解救电能。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在当电网正常供电时，所述方法还包括：根据所述超级电容器模块的电能大小，确定是否需要向所述超级电容器模块充电；如果所述超级电容器模块的电能小于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能，则控制与超级电容器模块相连的直流-直流变换器向超级电容器模块充电；否则，停止向所述超级电容器模块充电。
根据本申请的一个实施例，当电网突然中断时，所述方法还包括：发出控制信号给依次连接的直流-直流变换器、直流-交流逆变器、开关转换电路，从而使得所述直流-直流变换器将超级电容器模块存储的电能传递至电机驱动器和所述直流-交流逆变器，所述开关转换电路将选择所述直流-交流逆变器的输出作为电梯控制系统的交流电源；同时发出控制信号给所述电梯控制系统，迫使电梯自动紧急停靠于最近的楼层。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：在牵引机制动运行时，如果所述超级电容器模块的电能小于制动回馈电能限值，则控制所述直流-直流变换器将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能传送给所述超级电容器模块存储；否则，将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能释放掉；其中所述制动回馈电能限值表示所述超级电容器模块允许的最大容量
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述方法还包括：在牵引电机电动运行时，确定所述超级电容器模块的电能是否大于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能；如果所述超级电容器模块的电能大于所述解救电能，通过所述直流-直流变换器将所述超级电容器模块的回馈电能传送给电机驱动器；否则控制所述直流-直流变换器停止工作。
根据本申请的再一个方案，还提供一种超级电容器模块，所述超级电容器模块存储用于电梯断电紧急停靠的备用电能以及牵引电机制动产生的回馈电能，所述超级电容器模块包括多个并联连接的支路，其中每个支路由多个串联连接的超级电容器单元组成，所述超级电容器单元包括并联连接的超级电容器及均衡电路，其中所述均衡电路用于保持与其并联连接的超级电容器工作在正常的容许范围内。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述超级电容器为超级电容器单体或由并联连接的多个超级电容器单体组成。
本申请使用超级电容器模块，可使得能够在电网突然断电时，提供稳定可靠的电梯解 救电源，并且还能存储电梯制动运行时所耗散的回馈电能，并在电动运行时利用该回馈电能，从而节约了能源。
尽管在不背离本申请的新颖性概念的精神和范围可实现其中的变型和修正，但从结合如下附图的如下优选实施例的描述中，本申请的这些和其它方案将变得显而易见。
附图说明
附图示出了本申请的一个或多个实施例，与书面描述一起，用来说明本申请的原理。如有可能的话，在附图中通篇使用相同的附图标记来指代实施例的相同或类似的元件，并且其中：
图1为本申请的电梯自动解救及节能装置的原理框图；
图2为图1所示的电梯自动解救及节能装置的架构示意图；
图3示出了根据本申请一实施例的超级电容器模块1的电路结构示意图；
图4示出了根据本申请一实施例的超级电容器模块1中的均衡电路(BC)的电路结构示意图；
图5示出了根据本申请一实施例的直流-直流变换器的电路结构示意图；
图6示出了根据本申请一实施例的直流-交流逆变器的电路结构示意图；
图7示出了根据本申请一实施例的开关转换电路的电路结构示意图；
图8示出了根据本申请一实施例的电梯自动解救及节能的控制方法。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的具体实施例。应当注意，这里描述的实施例只用于举例说明，并不用于限制本申请。
现将参考附图(其中示出了本申请的示例实施例)在下文中更全面地描述本申请。然而，可以由多种不同形式来实施本申请，并且本申请不应被解释为限于本文所提出的实施例。更确切地说，提供这些实施例，从而本披露内容将为深入的和完整的，并且将向本领域普通技术人员全面地传达本申请的范围。类似的附图标记通篇指代类似的元件。
本文所使用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施例，而非倾向于作为本申请的限制。如在本文所使用的，除非文中清楚地另有表示，单数形式“一个”、“一”以及“该”也倾向于包含复数形式。还应理解到，当在本文使用术语“包括”和/或“包括有”、“包含”和/或“包含有”、或“具备”和/或“具有”时，这些术语指定了所陈述的特征、区域、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在，而并未排除一个或多个其它特征、区域、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其组合的存在或附加。
除了另有界定之外，本文所使用的所有术语(包含技术和科技术语)具有如同本申请所属的本领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同意义。还应理解到，除了本文所明确限定的之外，术语(如在通用字典中所限定的术语)应被解释为具有与在相关技术和本披露内容中 的意思相一致的意思，而不被解释为理想化的或过于形式化的意义。
本申请提出一个基于超级电容器模块的电梯自动解救及节能装置，其可提供电梯的节能运行和突然停电时电梯紧急停靠楼层的备用电源。当电网正常供电时，本申请除正常供电给电梯牵引电机外，还将自动存储用于电梯断电紧急停靠的备用电能以及牵引电机制动时产生回馈电能。当发生电力突然断电时，本申请将存储于超级电容器模块的电能自动供电给电梯系统，使电梯系统运行并紧急停靠在最近楼层。
图1为本申请的电梯自动解救及节能装置的原理框图。图2为图1的架构示意图。参照图1和图2，本申请的电梯自动解救及节能装置由能量管理系统6、超级电容器模块1、直流-直流变换器2、直流-交流逆变器3、开关转换电路4组成，该电梯自动解救及节能装置与外部三相电网9、电机驱动器8相连，该电梯自动解救及节能装置在电网供电正常时向电机驱动器8提供电网的电力来驱动牵引电机7牵引电梯正常运行，在电网突然断电时提供其存储的电能给电机驱动器8来驱动牵引电机7和电梯控制系统10从而解救电梯的运行。
在本申请的一个实施例中，能量管理系统6是本申请装置的智能控制中心，用来控制电梯的自动解救和节能运行的实现。
具体地，如果电网正常供电，能量管理系统6将发送控制信号给开关转换电路4，从而使得开关转换电路4选择三相电网中的单相电源作为电梯控制系统10的交流电源。同时，当电网正常供电时，能量管理系统6还控制直流-直流变换器2对超级电容器模块1充电至规定的备用电能，该备用电能被用来当电网突然断电时供电给电梯控制系统10和牵引电机7。
根据本申请的一个实施例，电梯运行分为两种情况，一种上行情况，一种是下行情况。在电梯下行时，牵引电机7处于制动模式，这时候，能量管理系统6控制直流-直流变换器2使超级电容器模块1吸收牵引电机7制动所产生的回馈电能。在电梯上行时，牵引电机7工作于电动模式，能量管理系统6控制直流-直流变换器2将上述吸收的回馈电能供电给牵引电机，从而实现电梯的节能运行。
当电网突然停电时，能量管理系统6控制直流-交流逆变器3将直流电转换为单相交流电，其中该直流电来源于超级电容器模块1所存储的电能，并控制开关转换电路4将该单相直流-交流逆变器3输出的单向交流电连接至电梯控制系统10，作为其单相交流电源。同时，能量管理系统6还控制直流-直流变换器2使超级电容器模块1将存储的备用电能供电给与电机驱动器8相连的直流母线。在这种情况下，能量管理控制系统6还发出信号给电梯控制系统10，使电梯紧急停靠在最近的楼层，从而实现突然停电时电梯的自动解救。这里，能量管理控制系统6发出的给电梯控制系统10的信号可以理解为一个电压信号。例如，没有故障时，该电压信号可以为12伏或24伏电压等；当有故障时，该电压信号可以为零伏电压，取决于电梯控制系统接口要求。
根据本申请的一个实施例，电梯自动解救及节能装置还可包括超级电容管理系统5， 用来监视和管理超级电容器模块1的运行，它测量和监视每个超级电容单体电压和模块不同位置的温度。如果超级电容管理系统5发现任何存在于超级电容模块中的过压、过温、欠温的发生，那么它立即会发送相应的故障信息给能量管理系统6。
下面将分别参考图3-图6分别描述电梯自动解救及节能装置中各单元的具体电路结构和工作原理。
图3示出了根据本申请一实施例的超级电容器模块1的电路结构示意图。超级电容器模块1与直流-直流变换器2相连，通过该直流-直流变换器2，存储用于电梯断电紧急停靠所需的备用电能和牵引电机制动所产生的回馈电能，并在电网突然断电时释放备用电能用于电梯紧急停靠和释放回馈电能给牵引电机。参见图3，超级电容器模块1包括多个并联连接的超级电容器和均衡电路。其中，超级电容器模块1可由m个支路并联连接(m为正整数)组成，每个支路由n个串联连接的单元组成(n为正整数)，每个单元由并联连接的超级电容器与均衡电路(BC)组成。超级电容器可以是一个超级电容器单体，也可以由若干个超级电容器单体并联组成。
图4示出了根据本申请一实施例的超级电容器模块1中的均衡电路(BC)的电路结构示意图。参考图4，该均衡电路可由电阻器(R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8)、电容器(C1)、可调式精密并联稳压器(U1)、三极管(Q1)、MOSFET(Q2)组成。上述图4所示的均衡电路仅是本申请的一个示例，本申请不限于此。
均衡电路(BC)用来保持与其并联连接的超级电容器的正常工作。如果超级电容器的电压超过规定值，那么三极管(Q1)和MOSFET(Q2)将导通，从而该超级电容器向电阻器(R8)放电，超级电容器电压就会减小，从而达到保护超级电容器电压不超过允许值的目标。如果超级电容器电压不超过规定值，该均衡电路(BC)不工作。
图5示出了根据本申请一实施例的直流-直流变换器的电路结构示意图。该直流-直流变换2与超级电容器模块1、电机驱动器8、直流-交流逆变器3相连接，并被能量管理系统6控制。参考图5，直流-直流变换2由电感(L1～LK)、功率开关器件(T1～T2K)、功率二极管(D1～D2K)、驱动电路和控制电路组成(k为正整数)，直流-直流变换2的输出可直接连接电机驱动器8的直流母线。这里，功率开关器件可以是IGBT、GTO或MOSFET等开关器件，但本申请不限于此。上述图5所示的直流-直流变换器仅是本申请的一个示例，本申请不限于此。
直流-直流变换器2接收能量管理系统6的控制信号，用来将超级电容器模块1的电压转换为电机驱动器8中直流母线的电压，也可将直流母线的电压转换为超级电容器模块1的电压。同时，直流-直流变换器2将超级电容器模块1存储的电能通过直流母线传递给牵引电机7，反之，它也可将牵引电机制动时所产生的回馈电能存储到超级电容器模块1中。
图6示出了根据本申请一实施例的直流-交流逆变器的电路结构示意图。直流-交流逆变器3与直流-直流变换2、电机驱动器8、开关转换电路4相连接，并被能量管理系统6 控制。参考图6，直流-交流逆变器3可由功率开关器件(Tf1,Tf2,Tf3,Tf4)、功率二极管(Df1,Df2,Df3,Df4)、电感(Lf)、电容器(Cf)、驱动电路和控制电路组成。上述图6所示的直流-交流逆变器仅是本申请的一个示例，本申请不限于此。
该单相直流-交流逆变器3由能量管理系统6控制，用来将超级电容器模块1存储电能通过直流-直流变换器2传递到直流母线上的电压逆变为单相交流电压，随后该交流电经过开关转换电路4供应给电梯控制系统，从而在突然断电时控制电梯紧急停靠。
图7示出了根据本申请一实施例的开关转换电路的电路结构示意图。开关转换电路4与电网9、电梯控制系统10相连接，它由接触器或功率开关器件(S1,S2)和驱动电路组成。该开关转换电路4由能量管理系统6控制，如果电网正常供电，那么来自三相电网的单相电网被连接至电梯控制系统10作为其单相交流电源，如果电网突然断电，那么直流-交流逆变器输出被连接至电梯控制系统作为其单相交流电源。
下面结合图8描述了电梯自动解救及节能的控制方法。
参考图8，电梯自动解救及节能的控制方法分为电网正常供电时存储用于解救电梯运行的电能，在电网突然断电时使用存储的电能作为牵引电机的备用电源并作为电梯控制系统的电源，从而使得电梯控制系统控制电梯运行并紧急停靠到最近楼层。
在电网正常供电的情况下，能量管理系统6控制直流-直流变换器2对超级电容器模块1充电至规定的备用电能，当牵引电机7处于制动时，能量管理系统6发送控制信号给直流-直流变换器2，直流-直流变换器2将牵引电机7处于制动时所产生的回馈电能传递给超级电容器模块1。而当牵引电机7处于牵引电动运行时，能量管理系统6发送控制信号给直流-直流变换器2，直流-直流变换器2将存储于超级电容器模块1的回馈电能通过直流母线再供电给牵引电机。如果电网突然断电，能量管理系统6立即发出控制信号给直流-直流变换器2和开关转换电路4，直流-直流变换器2将超级电容器模块1存储的电能传递至直流母线，开关转换电路4将选择直流-交流逆变器3输出作为电梯控制系统的交流电源；同时，发出控制信号给电梯控制系统10，迫使电梯自动紧急停靠于最近的楼层。如果能量管理系统6接收到来自超级电容管理系统5的有关故障信息，能量管理系统6将发出控制信号给直流-直流变换器2，直流-直流变换器2将停止工作。而且，能量管理系统发出报警信息。
具体地，当电网正常供电时，选择三相电网中的单相电作为电梯控制系统的交流电源，这时，能量控制系统6控制直流-交流逆变器3停止工作。在这种情况下，根据超级电容器模块的电能大小，来确定是否需要在正常供电情况下向超级电容器模块1充电(例如，能量控制系统6通过直流-直流变换器探测到超级电容器模块电压，以此估算超级电容器模块的电能)，以存储备用电能。
如果超级电容器模块1的电能小于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能，就需要控制直流-直流变换器向超级电容器模块1充电，从而通过直流-直流变换器使三相电网供应给电机驱动器直流母线上的直流电供应给超级电容器模块1，以充电至规定的备用电能。如果 超级电容器模块1的电能大于用于保证电梯急救运行所需的解救电能，说明超级电容器模块1中存储的电能足够大到其可以保证电梯急救运行所需的解救电能。这里，解救电能是根据电梯容量、功率等估算出的一个用于电梯自动解救的电能值。
根据本申请的一个实施例，根据电梯上行还是下行，也即，牵引电机是电动运行还是制动运行，来确定如何存储和供应回馈电能。
在电梯下行也即牵引机制动运行时，如果超级电容器模块1的电能小于制动回馈电能限值，则说明超级电容器模块1还可以存储电能，则控制直流-直流变换器将在直流母线上的由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能传送给超级电容器模块1存储。这里，所述制动回馈电能限值代表了超级电容器模块1允许的最大容量。如果超级电容器模块1的电能超过了制动回馈电能限值，则通过直流母线将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能释放掉。根据本申请的一个实施例，直流母线可以将该回馈电能通过制动电路(如图2所示，制动电阻与一个开关串连后接入直流母线，所以此处称之为制动电路)放电，从而保持直流母线电压不超过其限值。
在牵引电机电动运行时，在保证超级电容器模块中的电能不小于解救电能的前提下，超级电容器模块1将存储的多余的回馈电能传送给直流母线，以供应给电机驱动器，从而实现节能。因此，在将回馈电能供应给电机驱动器之前，先要确定超级电容器模块1的电能是否大于要求的解救电能，在超级电容器模块1的电能大于要求的解救电能的情况下，确定通过直流-直流变换器将超级电容器模块的回馈电能传送给电机驱动器的直流母线。如果超级电容器模块1的电能小于要求的解救电能，也即超级电容器模块1中的备用电能和回馈电能总和小于所要求的解救电能，这时候，控制直流-直流变换器停止工作，而并不传送回馈电能。
而当电网突然断电时，能量管理系统6选择使用超级电容器模块1存储的电能为牵引电机和电梯控制系统的解救电能，这时，能量管理系统6发出控制信号给直流-直流变换器2，直流-直流变换器2将超级电容器模块1存储的电能传递至直流母线，直流-交流逆变器3开始工作，然后能量管理系统6发出指令给开关转换电路4将选择直流-交流逆变器3输出作为电梯控制系统10的交流电源；同时，发出控制信号给电梯控制系统10，迫使电梯自动紧急停靠于最近的楼层。
根据上述实施例，本申请使用超级电容器模块，可使得能够在电网突然断电时，提供稳定可靠的电梯解救电源，并且还能存储电梯制动运行时所耗散的回馈电能，并在电动运行时利用该回馈电能，从而节约了能源。
选择并描述这些实施例是为了说明本申请的原理和其实践性应用，从而激发本领域普通技术人员利用本申请和各种实施例，并利用适于期望的特殊使用的各种变型。对本申请所属的本领域普通技术人员而言，替代实施例将变得显而易见，而并未背离其精神和范围。因此，通过所附权利要求而不是上述说明书和其中所描述的示例实施例来限定本申请的范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电梯自动解救及节能装置，包括：
    超级电容器模块，用于存储电能，该电能包括用于电梯断电紧急停靠的备用电能以及牵引电机制动时产生的回馈电能；
    直流-直流变换器，其连接所述超级电容器模块并连接用于驱动电梯的牵引电机的电机驱动器，用来将所述超级电容器模块的电压转换为所述电机驱动器中直流母线的电压，也用于将所述直流母线的电压转换为所述超级电容器模块的电压；
    直流-交流逆变器，其连接所述直流-直流变换器，用于将所述直流-直流变换器输出的直流电转换为交流电；
    开关转换电路，其连接所述直流-交流逆变器和一电网，用于在所述直流-交流逆变器和所述电网之间进行选择切换，以将所述直流-交流逆变器所转换后的交流电输出给一电梯控制系统或将所述电网的电力输出给所述电梯控制系统；
    能量管理系统，连接所述直流-直流变换器、所述直流-交流逆变器、所述开关转换电路，用于当所述电网正常供电时，控制所述开关转换电路将所述电网连接至所述电梯控制系统作为其交流电源，并控制所述直流-直流变换器对所述超级电容器模块充电至规定的备用电能，并用于当所述电网突然断电时，控制所述直流-直流变换器将来自所述超级电容器模块中的电能转换为直流电传输给所述直流-交流逆变器，控制所述直流-交流逆变器将所述直流电转换为交流电，并控制所述开关转换电路将该交流电连接至所述电梯控制系统以作为其交流电源，同时控制所述直流-直流变换器将来自所述超级电容器模块中的电能供电给所述电机驱动器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述超级电容器模块包括多个并联连接的支路，其中每个支路由多个串联连接的超级电容器单元组成，所述超级电容器单元包括并联连接的超级电容器及均衡电路，其中所述均衡电路用于保持与其并联连接的超级电容器工作在正常的容许范围内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述能量管理系统还用于当所述牵引电机制动时，控制所述直流-直流变换器使所述超级电容器模块存储由牵引电机制动产生的回馈电能，且当所述牵引电机工作于电动模式时，控制所述直流-直流变换器将所述超级电容模块所存储的回馈电能供电给所述牵引电机。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述能量管理系统还用于：在牵引机制动运行时，如果所述超级电容器模块的电能小于制动回馈电能限值，则控制所述直流-直流变换器将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能传送给所述超级电容器模块存储；否则，将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能释放掉；其中所述制动回馈电能限值表示所述超级电容器模块允许的最大容量。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述能量管理系统还用于：在 牵引电机电动运行时，确定所述超级电容器模块的电能是否大于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能；如果所述超级电容器模块的电能大于所述解救电能，通过所述直流-直流变换器将所述超级电容器模块的回馈电能传送给电机驱动器；否则控制所述直流-直流变换器停止工作。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述能量管理系统还用于根据所述超级电容器模块的电能大小，确定是否需要向所述超级电容器模块充电；如果所述超级电容器模块的电能小于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能，则控制与超级电容器模块相连的直流-直流变换器向超级电容器模块充电；否则，停止向所述超级电容器模块充电。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述能量管理系统还用于当突然断电时发送指令给电梯控制系统，从而通过电梯控制系统使电梯紧急停靠到最近楼层。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，还包括超级电容管理系统，用来监视和管理所述超级电容器模块的运行，在发现所述超级电容器模块出现故障时发送相应的故障信息给所述能量管理系统。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述直流-直流变换器是一个多相双向功率变换器，其由多个相电路构成，每个相电路包括一个电感和两个功率开关器件。
  10. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述直流-交流逆变器可由功率开关器件、功率二极管、电感、电容器、驱动电路和控制电路组成。
  11. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电梯自动解救及节能装置，所述开关转换电路由接触器或功率开关器件和驱动电路组成。
  12. 一种电梯自动解救及节能控制方法，包括：
    当电网正常供电时，选择三相电网中的单相电作为电梯控制系统的交流电源；控制直流-直流变换器对与其连接的超级电容器模块充电至规定的备用电能；
    当电网突然中断时，选择使用所述超级电容器模块存储的电能作为牵引机和电梯控制系统的解救电能。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电梯自动解救及节能控制方法，当电网正常供电时，还包括：根据所述超级电容器模块的电能大小，确定是否需要向所述超级电容器模块充电；如果所述超级电容器模块的电能小于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能，则控制与超级电容器模块相连的直流-直流变换器向超级电容器模块充电；否则，停止向所述超级电容器模块充电。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电梯自动解救及节能控制方法，当电网突然中断时，所述方法还包括：发出控制信号给依次连接的直流-直流变换器、直流-交流逆变器、开关转换电路，从而使得所述直流-直流变换器将超级电容器模块存储的电能传递至电机驱动器 和所述直流-交流逆变器，所述开关转换电路将选择所述直流-交流逆变器的输出作为电梯控制系统的交流电源；同时发出控制信号给所述电梯控制系统，迫使电梯自动紧急停靠于最近的楼层。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的电梯自动解救及节能控制方法，还包括：在牵引机制动运行时，如果所述超级电容器模块的电能小于制动回馈电能限值，则控制所述直流-直流变换器将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能传送给所述超级电容器模块存储；否则，将由于牵引机制动运行所产生的回馈电能释放掉；其中所述制动回馈电能限值表示所述超级电容器模块允许的最大容量
  16. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的电梯自动解救及节能控制方法，还包括：在牵引电机电动运行时，确定所述超级电容器模块的电能是否大于用于电梯急救运行所需的解救电能；如果所述超级电容器模块的电能大于所述解救电能，通过所述直流-直流变换器将所述超级电容器模块的回馈电能传送给电机驱动器；否则控制所述直流-直流变换器停止工作。
  17. 一种超级电容器模块，所述超级电容器模块存储用于电梯断电紧急停靠的备用电能以及牵引电机制动产生的回馈电能，所述超级电容器模块包括多个并联连接的支路，其中每个支路由多个串联连接的超级电容器单元组成，所述超级电容器单元包括并联连接的超级电容器及均衡电路，其中所述均衡电路用于保持与其并联连接的超级电容器工作在正常的容许范围内。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的超级电容器模块，所述超级电容器为超级电容器单体或由并联连接的多个超级电容器单体组成。
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CN107528383A (zh) * 2017-10-16 2017-12-29 山西腾然科技有限公司 一种矿井提升机用超级电容ups电源装置
CN107528383B (zh) * 2017-10-16 2023-11-24 山西腾然科技有限公司 一种矿井提升机用超级电容ups电源装置
CN114865763A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-05 重庆中科超容科技有限公司 一种超级电容器储能电梯节能系统及方法
CN116961201A (zh) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-27 联桥科技有限公司 一种电梯外置势能回收系统及方法
CN116961201B (zh) * 2023-07-28 2024-03-08 联桥科技有限公司 一种电梯外置势能回收系统及方法

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KR101930252B1 (ko) 2018-12-18
US20180229968A1 (en) 2018-08-16
EP3156358A4 (en) 2017-12-13
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