WO2017024855A1 - 提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法及有源降噪耳机 - Google Patents

提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法及有源降噪耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017024855A1
WO2017024855A1 PCT/CN2016/083320 CN2016083320W WO2017024855A1 WO 2017024855 A1 WO2017024855 A1 WO 2017024855A1 CN 2016083320 W CN2016083320 W CN 2016083320W WO 2017024855 A1 WO2017024855 A1 WO 2017024855A1
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Prior art keywords
noise
ear canal
transfer function
loop transfer
ear
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English (en)
French (fr)
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华洋
李鹏
王若蕙
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Qingdao Goertek Technology Co Ltd
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Qingdao Goertek Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2018506567A priority Critical patent/JP6391883B2/ja
Priority to EP16834480.2A priority patent/EP3313090A4/en
Priority to US15/751,904 priority patent/US10687140B2/en
Publication of WO2017024855A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017024855A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
    • H04R3/02—Circuits for transducers for preventing acoustic reaction, i.e. acoustic oscillatory feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17813—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17875—General system configurations using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1083—Reduction of ambient noise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
    • H04R3/04—Circuits for transducers for correcting frequency response
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17813—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
    • G10K11/17819—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms between the output signals and the reference signals, e.g. to prevent howling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/01—Hearing devices using active noise cancellation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of active active noise reduction technology, in particular to a method for improving noise reduction of a feedback active noise canceling earphone and an active noise canceling earphone.
  • Feedback active noise canceling headphones include on-ear headphones and earmuff headphones.
  • the open-loop transfer function of the ear-mounted earphone has poor stability.
  • the noise reduction amount of the earphone has to be sacrificed; and the ear-mounted earphone has One of the distinguishing features of earmuff headphones is the compact size. Installing a noise-reduction microphone directly in front of the speaker will increase the thickness of the ear-mounted earphone or cause uncomfortable wearing.
  • the above-mentioned ear-feed feedback type active noise canceling earphone is still available. Not widely used for promotion.
  • the earmuff type feedback active noise canceling earphone usually has a large body posture, and the design is preferentially sealed.
  • the ear cover is not air permeable, and a relatively rigid cavity is formed after wearing, and strong sound wave reflection in the rigid cavity body causes feedback active The howling of the noise canceling headphones.
  • it In order to absorb and reduce the reflection of sound waves in the cavity, it is usually filled with a thick wool felt or a compression sponge.
  • the filler is distributed between the horn and the ear canal of the wearer to protect the horn and noise reduction microphone and reduce The effect of reflection in the small wall, but it also seriously reduces the amount of noise reduction at the ear canal of the wearer.
  • the present invention provides a method for improving the noise reduction of a feedback type active noise canceling earphone and an active noise canceling earphone.
  • a method for improving a noise reduction amount of a feedback type active noise canceling headphone comprising:
  • includes:
  • the open-loop transfer function relative quantity B falls within the circle
  • 1 in its Nyquist diagram, where B is the open-loop transfer function L2(s0) at the ear canal and the open-loop transfer function at the noise-reduction microphone The difference of L1(s0).
  • the method further comprises: designing an open loop transfer function L2 (s0) at the ear canal opening and opening at the noise reduction microphone
  • the loop transfer function L1(s0) controls the amplitudes of the L1(s0) and the L2(s0) to be smaller when the phases of the L1(s0) and the L2(s0) are an even multiple of the pi ratio ⁇ 1.
  • the noise reduction microphone is disposed under the ear cover of the on-ear feedback type active noise canceling earphone, the speaker is facing the wearer Ear canal.
  • the noise reduction microphone is disposed under a damping pad of an earmuff type feedback type active noise canceling earphone, the speaker is facing the wearer's ear There is no damping pad between the crossings.
  • the damping pad is formed by filling a earmuff with a wool felt or a compression sponge.
  • the present invention provides an in-ear feedback type active noise canceling earphone, wherein the noise canceling microphone of the in-ear type feedback active noise canceling earphone is disposed on an earmuff that is directly offset from the front of the speaker. Next, the speaker is facing the wearer's ear canal;
  • the open loop transfer function L2 (s0) at the ear canal opening and the open loop transfer function L1 (s0) at the noise reduction microphone are L1(s0) and when the phase is an even multiple of the pi ratio ⁇ The amplitude of the L2(s0) is less than one.
  • the present invention provides an earmuff type feedback type active noise canceling earphone, wherein the noise canceling microphone of the earmuff type feedback type active noise canceling earphone is disposed on a damping pad directly from the front of the speaker
  • the speaker is facing the wearer's ear canal with no damping pad between them;
  • the open loop transfer function L2 (s0) at the ear canal opening and the open loop transfer function L1 (s0) at the noise reduction microphone are L1(s0) and when the phase is an even multiple of the pi ratio ⁇ The amplitude of the L2(s0) is less than one.
  • the invention provides a method for improving the noise reduction amount of the feedback active noise canceling earphone, which can effectively improve the noise reduction amount and stability of the ear type active noise canceling earphone, and solve the problem that the noise canceling microphone is installed in front of the speaker. Increase the thickness or cause uncomfortable wearing.
  • the earmuff type feedback active noise canceling earphone can also effectively improve the noise reduction amount at the wearer's ear canal while maintaining the closed loop stability of the feedback system.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ANR system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an analog ANR at an ear canal opening and a noise reduction microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for improving noise reduction of a feedback active noise canceling earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an in-ear feedback type active noise canceling earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a result of a noise reduction test of an on-ear type feedback type active noise canceling earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a conventional earmuff type feedback type active noise canceling earphone
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an earmuff type feedback active noise canceling earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ANR (Active Noise Reduction) system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • G(s) is the transfer function between the horn and the noise reduction microphone
  • H(s) is the control circuit
  • d(t) is the external noise signal
  • e(t) is picked up by the noise reduction microphone. Error signal.
  • the critical condition for no whistling is that the phase of L is less than 1 when the phase of the pi is an even multiple of the pi. In fact, the amplitude and phase must still have sufficient margin in the design process. . Therefore, when the open loop transfer function L2 (s0) at the ear canal opening and the open loop transfer function L1 (s0) at the noise reduction microphone are designed, the phases of the L1 (s0) and the L2 (s0) are pi. At even multiples, both L1(s0) and L2(s0) have amplitudes less than one.
  • phase attenuation caused by the propagation delay of the G(s) channel increases with increasing frequency, which reduces the phase margin of the feedback system and increases the difficulty of noise reduction in the high frequency band of the feedback system.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an analog ANR at an ear canal opening and a noise canceling microphone in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • g1 is the transfer function of the air between the horn and the noise reduction microphone.
  • the noise reduction microphone sensitivity M1 is the transfer function of the air between the horn and the noise reduction microphone.
  • the noise reduction microphone sensitivity M1 is the transfer function of the air between the horn and the human ear, and the sensitivity at the ear canal is M2.
  • Signal e2 control circuit H, control signal Y, horn frequency response R, assuming that the sound field in the earmuff is stable to d.
  • the value of B is close to 0, and
  • 1 When
  • 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a Nyquist diagram of the relative amount B of the open loop transfer function in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the amplitude of the open-loop transfer function at the noise reduction microphone is at most L1(s0)
  • the corresponding phase is at -180°
  • the open-loop function value at the ear canal is L2(s0)
  • B will fall in a four-quadrant regardless of the phase of L2(s0).
  • the amount of noise reduction at the ear canal is always smaller than that of the noise reduction microphone; in Fig. 3(b), when L2(s0) falls to the left of the vertical line of the end point of L1(s0) B may fall on the inside of the circle
  • 1, and only fall within the circle, that is, the relative amount B of the open-loop transfer function falls on the inside of the circle
  • 1 in the Nyquist diagram, at the ear canal
  • the noise reduction is enhanced compared with the noise reduction microphone. If B falls to the center small circle, the noise reduction will increase by more than 6dB.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for improving noise reduction of a feedback active noise canceling earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the method includes:
  • Step 401 setting a noise reduction microphone of the feedback active noise canceling headphone at a position that is directly in front of the speaker;
  • Step 402 adjusting the relative position of the noise reduction microphone and the wearer's ear canal, so that the open loop transfer function L2 (s0) at the ear canal and the open loop transfer function L1 (s0) at the noise reduction microphone satisfy
  • the damping amount between g1 and g2, the horn to the ear canal of the wearer, and the parameters such as M1 and M2 will also be adjusted, and the transfer functions L1 and L2 will follow. The adjustment of these parameters changes.
  • the open loop transfer function L2 (s0) at the ear canal and the open loop transfer function L1 (s0) at the noise reduction microphone satisfy the relationship of
  • 1, where B is the open loop transfer function L2(s0) at the ear canal opening and the open loop at the noise reduction microphone The difference of the transfer function L1(s0).
  • the open loop transfer function L2 (s0) at the ear canal opening and the open loop transfer function L1 (s0) at the noise reduction microphone are designed, in the L1 ( When the phase of s0) and the L2(s0) is an even multiple of the pi ratio ⁇ , the amplitudes of the L1(s0) and the L2(s0) are both controlled to be less than 1.
  • the loop gain of the entire closed loop formed by the ANC circuit board, SPK, acoustic path in the ear cavity, and MIC cannot be set too large, otherwise there is a risk of howling . Because of this, conventional ANCs are designed for low noise reduction in on-ear headphones, and this type of noise-cancelling headphones is not common.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an in-ear feedback type active noise canceling earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the in-ear type feedback active noise canceling earphone provided by the present invention has a noise canceling microphone disposed under the ear cup directly from the front of the speaker, the speaker facing the wearer's ear canal, due to the sound of the SPK. Attenuated by the earmuffs, the gain of the entire feedback loop is reduced, which is beneficial to the stability of the feedback loop.
  • the damping amount between g1 and g2 By adjusting the relative position of the noise-reduction microphone and the ear canal of the wearer when wearing, the damping amount between g1 and g2, the horn to the ear canal of the wearer, and the parameters such as M1 and M2 will also be adjusted, and the transfer functions L1 and L2 will follow.
  • the adjustment of these parameters is changed such that the open loop transfer function L2(s0) at the ear canal and the open loop transfer function L1(s0) at the noise canceling microphone satisfy
  • FIG. 6 shows a noise reduction test result of an on-ear feedback type active noise canceling earphone provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the curve with less noise reduction below is the noise reduction curve tested at the noise reduction microphone.
  • the curve with more noise reduction above is the noise reduction curve at the wearer's ear, which can be seen at the wearer's ear canal.
  • the amount of noise reduction used is increased by 3db.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a conventional earmuff type feedback type active noise canceling earphone
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an earmuff type feedback type active noise canceling earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the earmuff type feedback active noise canceling earphone provided by the present invention has a noise reduction microphone disposed at a deviation from the front of the speaker, compared with the conventional earmuff type feedback active noise canceling earphone. Below the pad, the speaker is facing the ear canal of the wearer with no damping pad between them.
  • the damping of g1, g2, the horn to the wearer's ear canal and the parameters such as M1 and M2 will also be adjusted.
  • the transfer functions L1 and L2 will be adjusted. As these parameters are adjusted, the open-loop transfer function L2(s0) at the ear canal and the open-loop transfer function L1(s0) at the noise-reduction microphone satisfy
  • the method for improving the noise reduction of the feedback active noise canceling earphone and the active noise canceling earphone provided by the present invention have the beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
  • the method for improving the noise reduction of the feedback active noise canceling earphone improves the closed loop stability of the feedback system and enhances the wearer's ear by adjusting the position of the noise reduction microphone and the sound transfer function relationship of the wearer's ear canal. The actual amount of noise reduction at the crossing.
  • the in-ear type feedback active noise canceling earphone provided by the present invention overcomes the problem of increasing the thickness of the ear-mounted earphone or causing uncomfortable wearing caused by installing a noise-reduction microphone directly in front of the speaker.
  • the earmuff type feedback active noise canceling earphone provided by the invention overcomes the prior art to use a thick filler or attenuating circuit gain between the speaker and the wearer's ear canal to ensure system stability, thereby seriously Reduce the amount of noise reduction at the wearer's ear canal.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法和有源降噪耳机。所述提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法包括：将反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的位置；调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。将所述方法应用于贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机，能克服在喇叭正前方安装降噪麦克风造成的增加贴耳式耳机的厚度或造成佩戴不舒适的问题。将所述方法应用于耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机，能克服现有技术为避免啸叫而在喇叭和佩戴者耳道口之间使用较厚的填充物或衰减电路增益，从而严重减小佩戴者耳道口处的降噪量问题。

Description

提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法及有源降噪耳机 技术领域
本发明涉及有源主动降噪技术领域，特别涉及一种提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法及有源降噪耳机。
发明背景
反馈型有源降噪耳机包括贴耳式耳机和耳罩式耳机。贴耳式耳机的开环传递函数稳定性差，做反馈降噪设计时，要考虑到全情况下的稳定性问题，为了保证稳定性，不得不牺牲耳机的降噪量；并且贴耳式耳机有别于耳罩式耳机的一个显著特点是体积小巧，在喇叭正前方安装降噪麦克风会增加贴耳式耳机的厚度或造成佩戴不舒适；综上贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机目前还没有广泛应用推广。
耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机通常体态较大，设计上优先考虑密封，其耳罩不透气，佩戴后会形成一个较刚性的腔体，刚性腔体内强烈的声波反射会造成反馈有源降噪耳机的啸叫。为了吸收和减小腔体内的声波反射，通常会采用较厚的羊毛毡或压缩海绵进行内填充，该填充物分布在喇叭和佩戴者耳道口之间，起到保护喇叭和降噪麦克风以及减小墙体内反射的作用，但是同时也严重减小了佩戴者耳道口处的降噪量。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法及有源降噪耳机。
依据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供了一种提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法，该方法包括:
将反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的位置；
调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。
其中，所述使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系包括：
将开环传递函数相对量B在其Nyquist图中落在圆|B+1|＝1内侧，其中B为耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)的差。
其中，所述方法还包括：设计所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开 环传递函数L1(s0)，在所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，控制所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1。
其中，在所述方法应用于贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机时，将所述降噪麦克风设置在贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机的耳罩下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口。
其中，在所述方法应用于耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机时，所述降噪麦克风设置在耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机的阻尼垫下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口且之间无阻尼垫。
其中，所述阻尼垫采用羊毛毡或压缩海绵内填充耳罩形成。
依据本发明的另一方面，本发明提供了一种贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机，所述贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的耳罩下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口；
佩戴时调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。
其中，所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和所述降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)，在相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1。
依据本发明的又一方面，本发明提供了一种耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机，所述耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的阻尼垫下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口且之间无阻尼垫；
佩戴时调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。
其中，所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和所述降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)，在相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1。
本发明提供的一种提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法，可以有效地提高贴耳式有源降噪耳机的降噪量和稳定性，解决在喇叭正前方安装降噪麦克风会增加厚度或造成佩戴不舒适的问题。也可以使耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机在维持反馈系统闭环稳定性的基础上，有效提高佩戴者耳道处的降噪量。
附图简要说明
图1为本发明实施例中ANR系统框图；
图2为本发明实施例中耳道口处和降噪麦克风处的模拟ANR框图；
图3为本发明实施例中开环传递函数相对量B的Nyquist图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法流程图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机方案示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪量测试结果；
图7为传统耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机方案示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机方案示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
首先分析一下模拟有源降噪耳机反馈系统的降噪原理：
图1为本发明实施例中ANR(Active Noise Reduction，有源降噪)系统框图。如图1所示，G(s)为喇叭到降噪麦克风之间的传递函数，H(s)为控制电路，d(t)为外界噪声信号，e(t)为降噪麦克风拾取到的误差信号。
定义误差信号e(t)到外界噪声d(t)之间的传递函数为系统灵敏度函数S：
Figure PCTCN2016083320-appb-000001
可见误差信号E越小降噪效果越好。在S小于1的频带噪声得到降低，S大于1的频带噪声将增强；降噪效果(降噪频带和降噪量)取决于开环传递函数L(L＝GH)。
模拟反馈系统开环传递函数L设计时要注意下面几点。
(1)从闭环系统稳定性考虑，不发生啸叫的临界条件是L的相位在圆周率π的偶数倍时，幅度小于1，实际上幅度和相位在设计过程中还必须留有足够的裕量。因此设计耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)时，在所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1。
(2)水床效应：噪声在某些频段降低就会在其他频带增强。
(3)过渡带：噪声由降低到增强的频率范围。
(4)另外，G(s)通道传播时延造成的相位衰减随频率升高而增加，减小了反馈系统的相位余量，增大了反馈系统高频段降噪难度。
图2为本发明实施例中耳道口处和降噪麦克风处的模拟ANR框图。如图2所示，g1为喇叭到降噪麦克风之间空气的传递函数，降噪麦克风灵敏度M1、接收信号e1，g2为喇叭到人耳之间空气的传递函数，耳道口处灵敏度M2、接收信号e2，控制电路H，控制信号Y，喇叭频响R，假设耳罩内声场稳定为d。
对于降噪麦克风，灵敏度函数：
Figure PCTCN2016083320-appb-000002
G1＝g1RM1
而对于耳道口处，灵敏度函数为：
Figure PCTCN2016083320-appb-000003
G2＝g2RM1其中，Rg2M2为测量值，需要引入两个灵敏度函数的归一化因子k，
G2＝g2RM2·k k＝M1/M2
令L1＝HG1，L2＝HG2，B＝L2-L1，B为耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)的差。耳道口处灵敏度函数可写为S2＝S1*(1+B)，噪声残余量|e2|＝|e1|*|1+B|。耳道口处与降噪麦克风处降噪效果的差别就取决于B的值。
L2和L1相似的频段内，B的值接近0，|1+B|接近1，这时耳道口处和降噪麦克风处的降噪效果相近；当B位于圆|B+1|＝1外时，|e2|>|e1|耳道口处和降噪麦克风处相比，降噪效果变差；当B位于圆|B+1|＝1内时，|e2|<|e1|耳道口处和降噪麦克风处相比，降噪效果增强。
图3为本发明实施例中开环传递函数相对量B的Nyquist图。如图3所示，图3(a)中，降噪麦克风处开环传递函数幅度最大为L1(s0)，对应相位在-180°，耳道口处开环函数值为L2(s0)，若控制信号传到降噪麦克风处的能量强于耳道口处，表现为|L2(s0)|<|L1(s0)|，那么不论L2(s0)的相位如何，B都会落在一四象限，此时|1+B|>1，耳道口处的降噪量总是比降噪麦克风处小；图3(b)中，当L2(s0)落在L1(s0)端点垂直线左侧时，B有可能落在圆|r+1|＝1内侧，只有落在圆内，即将开环传递函数相对量B在其Nyquist图中落在圆|B+1|＝1内侧，耳道口处降噪量和降噪麦克风处相比才增强，若B落到中心小圆内降噪量提升将会超过6dB。
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法流程图，如图4所示，所述方法包括：
步骤401，将反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的位置；
步骤402，调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。当调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置后，g1、g2、喇叭到佩戴者耳道口之间的阻尼大小以及M1、M2等参数也将随之调整，传递函数L1、L2会随着这些参数的调整而改变。
其中，步骤402中所述使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系包括：将开环传递函数相对量B在其Nyquist图中落在圆|B+1|＝1内侧，其中B为耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)的差。
此外，从闭环系统稳定性考虑，为避免啸叫发生，设计所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)，在所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，控制所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1。
因为贴耳式耳机佩戴稳定性差造成耳腔内声学路径稳定性差，这样由ANC电路板、SPK、耳腔内声学路径和MIC形成的整个闭环其回路增益不能设置过大，否则有啸叫的风险。正是因为此，常规ANC设计用于贴耳式耳机的降噪量小，该种类型的降噪耳机不常见。
图5为本发明实施例提供的贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机方案示意图。如图5所示，本发明提供的贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机，其降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的耳罩下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口，由于SPK的声音被耳套衰减了一部分，整个反馈回路的增益有所下降，有利于反馈回路的稳定性。
佩戴时通过调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，g1、g2、喇叭到佩戴者耳道口之间的阻尼大小以及M1、M2等参数也将随之调整，传递函数L1、L2会随着这些参数的调整而改变，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。设计所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和所述降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)，在相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，控制所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1，从而避免啸叫发生，并实现耳道口处的实际使用的降噪量有所增加。
图6本发明实施例提供的一种贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪量测试结果。如图6所示，下面降噪量较少的曲线是降噪麦克风处测试的降噪曲线，上面降噪量较多的曲线是佩戴者人耳处降噪曲线，可见佩戴者耳道口处实际使用的降噪量有3db的增加。
图7为传统耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机方案示意图，图8为本发明实施例提供的耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机方案示意图。如图7、图8所示，本发明提供的耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机，与传统耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机相比，降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的阻尼垫下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口且之间无阻尼垫。佩戴时通过调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置后，g1、g2、喇叭到佩戴者耳道口之间的阻尼大小以及M1、M2等参数也将随之调整，传递函数L1、L2会随着这些参数的调整而改变，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。
设计所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和所述降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)，在相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1，既能保证闭环系统稳定性，又可避免啸叫发生。
综上所述，本发明提供的提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法和有源降噪耳机，相对于现有技术的有益效果有：
1、本发明提供的提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法，通过调整降噪麦克风的位置和佩戴者耳道口的声音传递函数关系，提高反馈系统闭环稳定性且同时增强佩戴者耳道口的实际降噪量。
2、本发明提供的贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机，克服了现有技术中在喇叭正前方安装降噪麦克风造成的增加贴耳式耳机的厚度或造成佩戴不舒适的问题。
3、本发明提供的耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机，克服了现有技术为保证系统稳定性而在喇叭和佩戴者耳道口之间使用较厚的填充物或衰减电路增益，从而严重减小佩戴者耳道口处的降噪量问题。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    将反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的位置；
    调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系包括：
    将开环传递函数相对量B在其Nyquist图中落在圆|B+1|＝1内侧，其中B为耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)的差。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    设计所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)，在所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，控制所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述方法应用于贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机时，将所述降噪麦克风设置在贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机的耳罩下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口。
  5. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述方法应用于耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机时，所述降噪麦克风设置在耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机的阻尼垫下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口且之间无阻尼垫。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述阻尼垫采用羊毛毡或压缩海绵内填充耳罩形成。
  7. 一种贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机，其特征在于，所述贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的耳罩下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口；
    佩戴时调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的贴耳式反馈型有源降噪耳机，其特征在于，所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和所述降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)，在相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时， 所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1。
  9. 一种耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机，其特征在于，所述耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机的降噪麦克风设置在偏离扬声器正前方的阻尼垫下面，所述扬声器正对佩戴者耳道口且之间无阻尼垫；
    佩戴时调整降噪麦克风与佩戴者耳道口的相对位置，使得耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)满足|L2(s0)|＞|L1(s0)|的关系，以增大耳道口处的实际降噪量。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的耳罩式反馈型有源降噪耳机，其特征在于，所述耳道口处的开环传递函数L2(s0)和所述降噪麦克风处的开环传递函数L1(s0)，在相位为圆周率π的偶数倍时，所述L1(s0)和所述L2(s0)的幅度均小于1。
PCT/CN2016/083320 2015-08-11 2016-05-25 提高反馈型有源降噪耳机降噪量的方法及有源降噪耳机 Ceased WO2017024855A1 (zh)

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