WO2017036127A1 - 一种同步通板动态跟随激光切割的方法及其系统 - Google Patents

一种同步通板动态跟随激光切割的方法及其系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017036127A1
WO2017036127A1 PCT/CN2016/077625 CN2016077625W WO2017036127A1 WO 2017036127 A1 WO2017036127 A1 WO 2017036127A1 CN 2016077625 W CN2016077625 W CN 2016077625W WO 2017036127 A1 WO2017036127 A1 WO 2017036127A1
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Prior art keywords
cutting
magnetic
magnetic belt
laser cutting
processing
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/077625
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴瑞珉
杨赛丹
梁兆东
丁烨
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/754,544 priority Critical patent/US10850353B2/en
Priority to JP2018511043A priority patent/JP6615987B2/ja
Priority to EP16840556.1A priority patent/EP3345715B1/en
Publication of WO2017036127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017036127A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0838—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt
    • B23K26/0846—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt for moving elongated workpieces longitudinally, e.g. wire or strip material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0288—Carriages forming part of a cutting unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0408—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work for planar work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/16—Bands or sheets of indefinite length

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of strip steel processing, in particular to a method and system for synchronous follow-on laser follow-up laser cutting in the field of automobile manufacturing technology.
  • Laser-based technology has been a mature commercial technology for material cutting processing.
  • Laser CNC machining systems for metal rectangular sheet materials have been widely used.
  • With the rapid development of laser technology it also brings faster speed and more flexible application methods for sheet metal processing, and also has the demand for automatic loading and unloading, high-tempo continuous production.
  • unwinding laser cutting of coiled coils has also been studied and gradually applied.
  • Chinese patent CN102281986A discloses a conveyor system for laser cutting of coiled coils, through two series of conveyors and The plurality of parallel support conveyors included support the strip profile while the laser head reciprocating along the longitudinal axis of the transverse axis member processes the web to obtain a finished web, and the support conveyor can be dispensed
  • the cutting path is used for laser head cutting through the raw material to obtain a cutting profile.
  • This method greatly compensates and solves the problem of waste feeding and cutting in the previous NC offline processing, and the avoidance and avoidance of the cutting path of the needle-shaped cutting table, and becomes a substitute for the coiled coil mold.
  • the innovative way of processing blanks in blanking mode avoids the requirement for high-strength material stamping tonnage and high mold design cost and maintenance cost.
  • the method based on coil laser cutting also has a very high improvement in material utilization. Great contribution.
  • contouring is achieved by supporting the conveyors in substantially parallel and spaced apart and enabling the support conveyor adjustments in different modes to accommodate the processing requirements of different contour shapes, achieving support and allowing the cutting path to be achieved.
  • the support conveyor moves to the rest position before the feed forming member; in the "dynamic single feed feed mode", the support conveyor moves to the pre-set Positioning, "dynamic multiple feed mode” support conveyor can also be indexed during the laser program, at least one support conveyor can be extended or retracted; in the "static continuous feed mode” support conveyor remains stationary The raw material is continuously fed in position; in the "dynamic continuous feed mode", the conveyor is supported during the laser cutting process, at least one of which supports the conveyor to be stretched or retracted.
  • the support conveyor can be stationary or extended or retracted according to the contour shape requirement. During the cutting process, the support conveyor belt is in a fixed position.
  • the disadvantage of this type of operation is that it is difficult to ensure a stable cutting process of the cutting process, and it is difficult to automatically remove the shaped waste and reduce the production efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for synchronously following the laser cutting of the synchronous plate, which can realize the dynamic following of the magnetic belt set during the cutting process, the stable support of the waste and the automatic elimination, thereby accelerating the processing rhythm, and the synchronization through the board Dynamic tracking of the laser head further increases throughput.
  • a system for synchronously following the laser cutting comprising: more than one processing position; a synchronous through-plate unit, using a magnetic belt set, respectively disposed on the feeding side and the discharging side of the processing position, each of the magnetic belt sets The magnetic belt can be extended or retracted, and the gap between the magnetic belts can be adjusted;
  • the laser cutting unit is disposed at the processing position, and includes at least one laser cutting machine and the laser cutting head thereon;
  • the handling stacking unit includes a stacking platform and a stacking robot, the stacking table is disposed outside the magnetic flux belt set of the synchronous through-plate unit on the discharge side of the processing position;
  • the waste conveyor device is disposed on a side perpendicular to the feeding direction of the processing position; soot
  • the processing device and the real-time measuring device for strip cutting are disposed at each processing position; the sheet position detecting device before stacking of the sheet material, the carrying position of the magnetic belt set at the discharge side outside the processing position; the cutting control system
  • the magnetic belt set of the synchronous through-board unit comprises: a feed magnetic side belt transfer motor and a control module thereof respectively controlled on the feeding side and the discharge side; a plurality of magnetic belts, each of the magnetic belts including at least one individually controllable The electromagnetic module; the telescopic motor and its control module for controlling the expansion and contraction of each magnetic belt; the width motor and the control module for controlling the gap adjustment of each magnetic belt.
  • the strip cutting real-time measuring device comprises two cameras for workpiece coordinate measurement; two cameras for separating visual inspection and recognition, and scrap drop visual detection and recognition after cutting.
  • the sheet position detecting device before stacking of the sheet material includes a camera mounted above the carrying position for detecting the position of the sheet at the carrying position.
  • the laser cutting method of the system for synchronously following the laser cutting of the synchronous board which comprises
  • Each magnetic belt gap on the feeding side is pre-adjusted to a fixed gap and a fixed telescopic position according to the strip width and the cutting profile to form an initial feeding position of the feed side magnetic belt group;
  • the magnetic belts on the side are pre-adjusted to the fixed gap and the fixed telescopic position according to the width of the strip and the cutting profile to form the initial position of the discharge of the magnetic belt set on the discharge side; the magnetic belt sends the strip to the laser cutting processing position;
  • the strip entering the laser cutting area of the machining position is positioned and measured by the real-time measuring device to correct the origin position coordinate and angle of the workpiece coordinate system of the laser cutting control system before the cutting operation; after the measurement, the laser cutting unit is completed. Cutting the strip in the planned path sequence according to the contour shape to be processed;
  • the magnetic belts on the feeding side and the discharging side are dynamically adjusted according to the cutting path, and the telescopic adjustment amount is determined according to the cutting shape.
  • the synchronous dynamic adjustment is transmitted to the magnetic belt telescopic control by means of a signal given in the cutting control system.
  • the module realizes that the magnetic belt needs to give out the slit in the cutting process during the adjustment process, so as to avoid the laser from contacting the strip through the strip to any magnetic belt; the finished cutting contour corresponds to the feeding side and the discharge side magnetic belt. It can be extended or retracted to provide stable support for the processing of the sheet material, and at the same time ensure the discharge of the material on the discharge side;
  • the signal is transmitted to the real-time measuring device for visual inspection and identification in the cutting control system, and the waste drop situation is detected and recognized in real time; after the cutting is completed, the cutting control system gives a signal.
  • the strip cutting real-time measuring device detects all the completed cutting profiles and determines the separation of the processed sheet material and the strip steel;
  • the feed side magnetic belt set is located at the feed end position, and the discharge side magnetic belt set is located at the discharge end position; the processed sheet material enters the discharge end position on the discharge side magnetic belt set The output state of the material is output to the carrying position, at the same time, the magnetic belt set on the feeding and discharging sides is extended or retracted to the initial position again, and the strip is stepped for the next cycle of processing;
  • the camera of the sheet position detecting device detects the position of the sheet, feeds the sheet position back to the handling stacking robot to correct its posture, and then carries the end picker pair processing at the end of the stacking robot. The flakes are picked up and stacked and stacked to the level.
  • the magnetic belts on the feeding side and the discharging side can be dynamically adjusted according to the cutting path, and the cutting path formed by cutting the contour shape is corresponding to the corresponding magnetic belt stretching operation to be adjusted.
  • the signal realizes the telescopic adjustment of the magnetic belt under the control of the cutting system; each magnetic belt in the magnetic belt set can realize the dynamic adjustment of the elongation and retraction, and the cutting head synchronously performs the cutting of the cutting path during the adjustment of the magnetic belt .
  • two or more laser processing positions and corresponding synchronous through-plate units are provided to set two or more magnetic forces
  • the belt set has more than one laser cutting machine in each processing position; during the cutting process, the corresponding cutting and discharging magnetic belt sets of the laser cutting machine cutting head in each processing position are synchronously and dynamically adjusted, and the processing pieces are processed.
  • the laser cutting head cooperates with the first group of magnetic belts and the second group of magnetic belts respectively, that is, each of the two laser cutting heads in the two processing positions are respectively in the process of cutting movement, and the two sets of magnetic belts are respectively synchronously and dynamically extended and Retracting, after each set of two cutting areas, the strip is stepped, and each of the two cutting positions and the two sets of magnetic belts work together again to cycle; in the second processing position
  • the laser cutting head of the laser cutting machine performs the final cutting and obtains the final processed sheet to the output of the second group of discharging side magnetic belt sets.
  • the magnetic side belt group on the feeding side and the discharging side realizes magnetic opening and closing by controlling the electromagnetic module, and the electromagnetic module in the laser cutting area is fully or partially magnetized when the magnetic belt set is stationary, and is extended or retracted.
  • the electromagnetic module completely releases the magnetic force; for the cutting path formed by cutting the contour shape, the magnetic signal of the magnetic belt electromagnetic module corresponding to the magnetic characteristic information is compiled, and the magnetic control of the electromagnetic module is realized under the control of the cutting control system.
  • the coiled material is formed by the unwinding and clamping unit to form a strip to the feed side magnetic belt set, and the feed side magnetic belt set sends the strip to the laser cutting processing position, and the magnetic belt gap on the feeding side can be according to the strip width and
  • the cutting profile is pre-adjusted to a fixed gap and a fixed telescopic position to form a feed initial position of the feed side group magnetic belt, and each magnetic belt on the discharge side is pre-modulated to a fixed gap and a fixed telescopic position according to the strip width and the cutting profile.
  • the discharge initial position of the magnetic belt of the discharge side group is formed.
  • the strip entering the laser cutting area is measured by the workpiece coordinate measuring system to correct the position coordinates and angle of the origin of the workpiece coordinate system of the control system before the cutting operation.
  • the laser cutting unit processes the strip as needed.
  • the contour shapes are cut in the planned path order.
  • the magnetic belts on the feeding side and the discharging side can be dynamically adjusted according to the cutting path.
  • the adjustment is determined according to the cutting shape.
  • the slits in the cutting process need to be given out to avoid the laser passing through the strip.
  • the magnetic belt on the feeding side and the discharging side of the finished cutting contour can be extended or retracted to stabilize the supporting material and ensure the discharge of the discharging side. Need.
  • a corresponding signal is sent to the waste drop visual inspection system in the cutting control system to detect the waste drop in real time.
  • the cutting control system gives the corresponding signal, and the cutting and separating vision system detects all the completed cutting profiles and determines the separation from the strip.
  • the feed side magnetic belt set is located at the feed end position, and the discharge side magnetic belt group position At the end of discharge.
  • the processing sheet feeds the discharge end position on the magnetic belt on the discharge side group into the discharge output state and outputs to the transfer position.
  • the sheet position detecting device detects the position of the sheet, and feeds the position of the sheet to the handling pile.
  • the robot is used to correct its posture, and then the end picker at the end of the stacking robot is absorbing and picking up the processed sheets and stacking them into the picking position.
  • the magnetic belts on the feeding side and the discharging side can be dynamically adjusted according to the cutting path.
  • the specific method for cutting the cutting path formed by cutting the contour shape is to extract the cutting characteristic information in the cutting control system.
  • the corresponding signal is generated, that is, the cutting characteristic information is corresponding to the magnetic belt telescopic movement to be adjusted, and the numerical control control and the magnetic belt shaft control realize the adjustment of the magnetic belt through communication; each magnetic belt in the magnetic belt group can realize the elongation and contraction
  • the dynamic adjustment of the back, and the numerical control controller in the magnetic belt adjustment process synchronizes the cutting of the cutting path.
  • the specific process of synchronous dynamic adjustment is: the strip steel is moved to the cutting area and remains stationary. At this time, the magnetic belt of the feeding side group is at the initial position of the feeding, and the magnetic belt of the discharging side group is at the initial position of the discharging. According to the operation of the programmed characteristic information corresponding to the adjusted magnetic belt action, when the cutting process moves to the characteristic information in the cutting control system, the corresponding magnetic belt begins to expand or retract until the design position, at this time for feeding and discharging Side group magnetic belt dynamic adjustment phase.
  • Each magnetic belt is dynamically adjusted to a position that does not interfere with the beam according to the laser cutting profile, and the cutting action is maintained in a normal cutting state until the cutting is completed, and the group magnetic belts on the feeding and discharging sides have been adjusted to the termination position.
  • the processed sheet material is output through the magnetic belt of the discharge group, and at the same time, the group magnetic belt on the feeding and discharging sides is extended or retracted to the initial position, and the strip is stepped for the next cycle.
  • the continuous slits of the cutting position before and after the strip stepping need to be designed to realize the laser cutting process.
  • the magnetic belt sets are a pair of combinations, that is, one set of feed group magnetic belts, one set of discharge group magnetic belts, and one of the transport stacking robots, and the present invention is not limited to the above settings,
  • the laser cutting head can be flexibly set more than one, and the magnetic belt set can also be flexibly set in pairs of two or more.
  • the handling stacking robot also inputs more than two according to needs.
  • the invention is also not limited to the number of steps of the strip in the cutting zone, and the processed flakes can be obtained by more than one stepper.
  • the method for synchronously following the laser cutting of the synchronous board and the system thereof solves the problem of online automatic dropping of the waste which is plagued by the common laser numerical control system, and realizes the key function and synchronous dynamic adjustment in the coil forming method.
  • the synchronous dynamic adjustment function of the magnetic belt during the cutting process the functions of material support, material receiving, automatic scraping of waste, laser passing and the like are realized.
  • the synchronous magnetic belt in the laser cutting process adjusts and reaches the purpose of the board, which effectively improves the working efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan layout view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 are process diagrams of the dynamic follower slit of the synchronous magnetic plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of synchronous follow-up cutting of two laser heads and a magnetic belt
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control process for implementing dynamic follow-up of a synchronous board according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the synchronous control of the unwinding unit and the magnetic belt set according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing dynamic control of each axis of the numerical control controlled laser cutting machine and the magnetic belt set according to the present invention.
  • the synchronous through-plate dynamic following laser cutting system of the present invention comprises: a processing bit 1; a synchronous pass board unit 2, 2', which is respectively disposed on the processing bit 1 by using a magnetic belt set On the feeding side and the discharging side, each magnetic belt C11, C12, C13, C14, C21, C22, C23, C24, C25 in the magnetic belt set can be extended or retracted, and the gap between the magnetic belts can be adjusted;
  • a laser cutting unit 3 disposed in the processing station 1, comprising at least one laser cutting machine 31 and its upper laser cutting head 32;
  • a waste conveyor device 5 disposed on a side of the processing position 1 perpendicular to the feeding direction;
  • the soot processing device 6, the strip cutting real-time measuring device 7, is set at each processing position 1;
  • the sheet position detecting device 8 before the stacking of the sheet material is disposed at the position of the magnetic belt set at the discharge side outside the processing position 1;
  • the detecting device 8 is respectively connected to the cutting control system to form an associated operation control between the above units and the device, and the magnetic plate of the synchronous through-plate unit is extended or retracted and followed by laser cutting.
  • the soot treatment device 6 has its soot adsorption area recovered into the soot recovery device 62 through the flue 61 below the processing position 1.
  • a real-time measuring device 7 for strip measurement is provided at the processing station 1, wherein two cameras 71 for workpiece coordinate measurement are mounted on the laser cutting machine 31, one is mounted on the cutting machine XY platform, and one is mounted on the cutting machine Z. The detection accuracy is enhanced on the shaft. Two cameras 72 for post-cut separation visual inspection recognition, waste drop visual inspection recognition are mounted on the confined chamber 33 of the isolation processing station 1.
  • the position detecting device 8 before the sheet conveyance is disposed at the position of the discharge side magnetic belt set outside the processing position.
  • the position of the camera 8 is outside the sealed room 33 outside the processing position 1, and the visual range of the camera 8 is inclined by the angle.
  • the installation method covers the sheet output area.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the method of the present invention disclosed in FIG. 2, wherein the laser cutting machine is in the form of a Cartesian robot, which is movable in three directions of XYZ, and has a working stroke length of 2000 mm (X axis) ⁇ width 2000 mm (Y axis) ⁇ thickness 200 mm. (Z axis).
  • the length of the magnetic belt of the feeding and discharging groups is 4,500 mm.
  • the stacking table for stacking sheets is set to two, which can stack processed sheets, or stack large-sized scraps as needed.
  • the coiled material is unwinded by the uncoiler 10, passes through the side guide and enters the feed clamp bar 20, and the unwinding head shear 30 cuts the web head into the leveler 40 to further straighten the shape of the plate, and then passes through the transition platform. 50 to the feeder 60, the flat strip is fed into the magnetic belt set of the synchronous pass unit 2 on the feed side of the processing station 1, and the feed side magnetic belt set is composed of four magnetic belts, respectively C11, C12, C13, C14, the discharge side synchronous through-plate unit 2' magnetic belt set is composed of five magnetic belts, respectively C21, C22, C23, C24, C25.
  • the magnetic belt gap on the feeding side can be adjusted to the fixed gap and the fixed telescopic position according to the strip width and the cutting contour to form the feeding initial position of the feeding side group magnetic belt, and the magnetic belts on the discharging side are according to the strip width and
  • the cutting profile is pre-modulated to a fixed gap and a fixed telescopic position to form a discharge initial position of the discharge side magnetic belt set.
  • the strip entering the laser cutting area of the machining position 1 is collected by the CCD camera and analyzed and processed to correct the coordinates of the origin position and the angle of the workpiece coordinate system of the control system before the cutting operation.
  • the laser cutting head 32 on the laser cutting machine 31 of the laser cutting unit 3 cuts the strip shape in the planned path order according to the contour shape to be processed, and the laser cutting head 32 can be made in the XYZ by the laser cutting machine 31.
  • the direction movement completes the cutting action.
  • the laser cutting head 32 maintains the cutting motion state, and at the same time, the magnetic flux belts of the synchronous through-plate units 2, 2' on the feeding side and the discharging side can be synchronously dynamically extended or retracted according to the needs of the cutting path.
  • the adjustment and adjustment are determined according to the shape of the cutting.
  • the function of the adjustment is to let out the slit passing through the cutting, to avoid the laser from contacting the magnetic belt through the strip, and in addition, by the synchronous dynamic elongation or retraction adjustment of the magnetic belt. Support completed road Diameter cut pieces. After the adjustment, the magnetic belt is magnetically rested in all or part of the magnetic belt to stabilize the contact of the processed sheet, and the magnetic belt in the extension or retraction adjustment is in a state of full release of the magnetic force.
  • the magnetic belt set of the feed side synchronous pass plate unit 2 is located at the feed end position, and the magnetic belt set of the discharge side synchronous pass plate unit 2' is located at the discharge end position.
  • the processing sheet is discharged at the discharge end of the magnetic belt set on the discharge side, the magnetic belt is magnetically released, and the processed sheet enters the discharge output state on the magnetic belt and is output to the carrying position through the belt, and the stacking unit 4 is transported.
  • the end picker 421 on the cymbal robot 42 embosses the processed sheets by the combined vacuum chuck 44 to stack them onto the stacking table 41. The precise position for picking can be detected and fed back by the CCD camera at the output end.
  • the enthalpy difference of the stacked sheets is further ensured within the accuracy requirement. While the processing sheet is being discharged, the magnetic belt set is stretched or retracted to the starting position of the feeding and discharging, and at the same time, the strip is stepped and cut into the next cycle.
  • each vacuum chuck 44 has been previously adjusted to a position conforming to the shape of the processed sheet, and the opening and closing of the vacuum chuck 44 of the layout can be controlled.
  • each magnetic belt C11, C12, C13, C14 of the magnetic belt set of the feed side synchronous through-plate unit 2 and the magnetic belt C21 of the magnetic belt set of the discharge side synchronous through-plate unit 2' C22, C23, C24, C25 are in the initial position of the feed and the initial position of the discharge, respectively, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the discharge side magnetic belt C24 has been retracted according to the cutting characteristic information forming feature point signal N1 to avoid the cutting path P1, as shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic belt C14 of the receiving material has been retracted according to the characteristic point signal N2 to avoid the cutting path P2, and at the same time, the discharging magnetic belt C24 has been extended according to the characteristic point signal N2 to be processed.
  • the part of the sheet is shown in Figure 5.
  • the cutting paths such as P1, P2, etc. are defined to explain the extension or retraction of the magnetic belt, and a cutting line can be composed of several paths.
  • the magnetic force is released, and the other magnetic belts are partially or completely magnetized. After C24 and C14 move into position, they may be partially or completely magnetized.
  • the strip is required to be stepped again.
  • the CCD camera detects the strip position of the cutting area again, corrects the position by the control system, and then feeds and discharges the magnetic belt.
  • the elongation and retraction are carried out during the cutting process to realize the cutting of L1-L3, and finally the cutting processing of a piece of processing piece A is completed.
  • the magnetic belts of the feeding and discharging sides are respectively located. Feed stop bit and discharge stop bit, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the strip is stepped again and enters the cycle of a new piece of processed flakes.
  • the magnetic belt in the movement is magnetically released, and the magnetic belt in the stationary state needs to be fully or partially magnetized according to the processed sheet material, and each magnetic belt is distributed.
  • the electromagnet module can be controlled separately.
  • more than two laser cutting machines and corresponding two or more magnetic belt sets can be set.
  • the belt set performs synchronous dynamic adjustment work, and the processed sheet material is step-cut in a sub-region within two cutting ranges.
  • the first laser cutting machine 31 and its laser cutting head 32 complete the partial cutting of the processed sheet
  • the second laser cutting machine 33 and its laser cutting head 34 complete the cutting of another portion of the processed sheet
  • the two laser cutting heads 32 And 34 respectively cooperate with the first group of magnetic belts 22, 23 and the second group of magnetic belts 24, 25, that is, during the cutting movement of the two laser cutting heads 32, 34, respectively, the two sets of magnetic belts are synchronously and dynamically extended.
  • Figure 7 shows a layout of two cutting areas and two sets of magnetic belts for step cutting of the processed sheets. After each set of work is completed in the two cutting areas, the strip is stepped. As shown in Fig. 8, the two laser cutting heads 32, 34 and the two sets of magnetic belts work together again to circulate.
  • the laser cutting head 34 of the second laser cutter 33 performs the final cutting and obtains the final processed sheet to the second set of discharge magnetic belts 25 for output.
  • the control system is realized by the same manner that the conveying speed of the unwinding and clamping unit and the conveying speed of the magnetic belt of the feeding and discharging group are consistent by profibus communication. Realize synchronous control, this method effectively ensures the realization of the synchronization board.
  • the laser cutting machine and the feeding side and the discharging side magnetic belt group realize the cooperative control through the profibus communication between the numerical control control system and the magnetic belt shaft control system and the magnetic belt electromagnetic control system, and this method effectively ensures the magnetic force.
  • the belt set dynamically follows the laser cutting process, and the electromagnetic control module effectively controls the magnetic addition and release of the electromagnetic module.
  • the numerical control system pre-determines the cutting path, the cutting characteristic signal, and the magnetic characteristic signal rule.

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Abstract

一种同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统，其包括：一个以上加工位（1）；同步通板单元（2，2'），采用磁力皮带组，分别设置于所述加工位的进料侧和出料侧，磁力皮带组中各根磁力皮带（C11，C12，C13，C14，C21，C22，C23，C24，C25）可伸长或缩回，且各磁力皮带间的间隙可调；激光切割单元（3），设置于所述加工位，其包括至少一激光切割机（31）及其上激光切割头（32）；搬运堆垛单元（4），包括堆垛台（41）及堆垛机器人（42），堆垛台设置于所述加工位出料侧的同步通板单元磁力皮带组外侧；废料传送带装置（5），设置于所述加工位与进料方向垂直的一侧；烟尘处理装置（6）、带钢切割的实时测量装置（7），设于每个加工位；片料堆垛前的片料位置检测装置（8），设于加工位外侧的出料侧磁力皮带组位置的搬运位；切割控制系统，控制以上各单元，磁力皮带伸长或缩回与激光切割头随动。还公开了一种用于上述同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统的激光切割方法。该系统和方法可实现在切割过程中磁力皮带组动态跟随从而加快加工节奏，进一步提高产量。

Description

一种同步通板动态跟随激光切割的方法及其系统 技术领域
本发明涉及带钢加工领域，特别涉及用于汽车制造技术领域的一种同步通板动态跟随激光切割的方法及其系统。
背景技术
基于激光技术用于材料切割加工领域已经是一种成熟的商用技术，对于金属矩形板材来料的激光数控加工系统已被广泛应用。随着激光技术的蓬勃发展，也为板材加工带来了更快的速度、更灵活的应用方式，同时也产生了对自动化的上下料，高节奏连续生产的需求。同时，成卷卷料的开卷激光切割加工也已在研究与逐步应用中，例如中国专利CN102281986A中公开了一种成卷卷材进行激光切割加工的输送器系统，通过两个系列的输送器以及包含的平行的多个支撑输送器对带状型材起到支撑作用，同时随着沿横轴构件的纵向轴往复运动的激光头对卷材进行加工而获得成品料片，支撑输送器可以让出切割道路用于激光头切割穿过原材料而获得切割轮廓。这种方式极大弥补并解决了以往数控离线加工中无法成卷供料切割以及针状切割台面对切割路径的避让与带来的废料落料问题，成为一种对替代成卷卷材模具落料方式加工料片的革新方式，避免了对高强度材料冲压吨位的要求以及高额的模具设计费用与维护保有成本，另外，基于卷材激光切割的方法也对材料利用率的提高有非常大贡献。
公开专利中，通过基本平行且间隔开的支撑输送器并且实现不同模式下支撑输送器调节以适应不同轮廓形状的加工要求，实现支撑并让出切割道路而达到轮廓加工。其中加工模式中在“静态单个与多个进给模式”下，支撑输送器在进给形成部件前运动到静止位置；在“动态单个进给进给模式”下，支撑输送器预先运动到设定位置，“动态多个进给模式下”支撑输送器还可以在激光程序期间进行换位，至少一个支撑输送器可以伸长或缩回；在“静态连续进给模式”支撑输送器保持静止位置而原材料进行连续进给；在“动态连续进给模式下”支撑输送器在激光切割程序期间，至少一个支撑输送器可伸长或缩回等各种模式。
然而，这些模式的共同特点都是在切割程序间，支撑输送器根据轮廓形状需求可以静止也可以伸长或缩回，在切割过程中，支撑输送带处于固定静止位 置，这种作业方式的劣势在于难于确保切割工艺的稳定断刀，不易实现异形废料自动剔除，降低了生产效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种同步通板动态跟随激光切割的方法及其系统，可实现在切割过程中磁力皮带组动态跟随，废料稳定支撑和自动剔除，从而加快加工节奏，通过同步通板多激光头的动态跟随进一步提高产量。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统，其包括：一个以上加工位；同步通板单元，采用磁力皮带组，分别设置于所述加工位的进料侧和出料侧，磁力皮带组中各根磁力皮带可伸长或缩回，且各磁力皮带间的间隙可调；激光切割单元，设置于所述加工位，其包括至少一激光切割机及其上激光切割头；搬运堆垛单元，包括堆垛台及堆垛机器人，堆垛台设置于所述加工位出料侧的同步通板单元磁力皮带组外侧；废料传送带装置，设置于所述加工位与进料方向垂直的一侧；烟尘处理装置、带钢切割的实时测量装置，设于每个加工位；片料堆垛前的片料位置检测装置，设于加工位外侧的出料侧磁力皮带组位置的搬运位；切割控制系统，所述同步通板单元、激光切割单元、搬运堆垛单元、废料传送带装置、烟尘处理装置、实时测量装置和片料位置检测装置分别连接切割控制系统，使以上各单元与装置之间互相通信形成关联的作业控制，且同步通板单元的磁力皮带伸长或缩回与激光切割头随动。
进一步，所述同步通板单元的磁力皮带组，其包括，分别控制进料侧与出料侧磁力皮带组传送电机及其控制模块；若干磁力皮带，每个磁力皮带包括，至少一个可单独控制的电磁模块；控制各磁力皮带伸缩的伸缩电机及其控制模块；控制各磁力皮带间隙调节的宽度电机及其控制模块。
又，所述带钢切割的实时测量装置，包括，用于工件坐标测量的两个相机；用于切割后分离视觉检测识别、废料掉落视觉检测识别的两个相机。
另外，所述的片料堆垛前的片料位置检测装置包括一个相机，安装于搬运位上方，用于检测片料在搬运位的位置。
本发明同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统的激光切割方法，其包括，
a)进料侧各根磁力皮带间隙根据带钢宽度和切割轮廓预先调整至固定间隙及固定的伸缩位置，形成进料侧磁力皮带组的进料初始位；同时，出料 侧各根磁力皮带根据带钢宽度与切割轮廓预先调整至固定间隙及固定的伸缩位置，形成出料侧磁力皮带组的出料初始位；磁力皮带将带钢送至激光切割加工位；
b)进入加工位激光切割区域的带钢由实时测量装置对带钢轮廓进行定位测量，以在切割作业前修正激光切割控制系统工件坐标系的原点位置坐标及角度；完成测量后，激光切割单元对带钢按需要加工的轮廓形状以规划的路径顺序进行切割；
切割过程中，进料侧与出料侧各根磁力皮带根据切割路径同步动态调节，根据切割形状决定伸缩调节量，同步动态的调节采用切割控制系统中给出信号的方式传送给磁力皮带伸缩控制模块实现，调节过程中磁力皮带需要让出在切割过程中的割缝，避免激光透过带钢接触到任意一根磁力皮带；已完成的切割轮廓对应位置的进料侧与出料侧磁力皮带可以伸长或缩回，对加工片料起到稳定支撑作用，同时保证出料侧接料出料的需要；
切割过程中，对于已形成的废料，在切割控制系统中给出信号传送给实时测量装置废料掉落视觉检测识别，实时对废料掉落情况进行检测识别；切割完成后，切割控制系统给出信号，带钢切割的实时测量装置对已完成的全部切割轮廓进行检测，判定加工片料与带钢的分离情况；
c)片料加工完成后，进料侧磁力皮带组位于进料终止位，出料侧磁力皮带组位于出料终止位；加工片料在出料侧磁力皮带组上的出料终止位进入出料输出状态并输出至搬运位，与此同时，进料与出料侧的磁力皮带组再次伸长或缩回至初始位，带钢步进，进行下一循环的加工；
d)在片料搬运前，片料位置检测装置的相机对片料位置进行检测，将片料位置反馈给搬运堆垛机器人以纠正其位姿，随后搬运堆垛机器人末端的端拾器对加工片料吸附拾取并堆垛至垛料位。
进一步，在切割过程中，进料侧与出料侧各根磁力皮带可根据切割路径同步动态调节，对于切割轮廓形状所形成的切割路径，编制切割特征信息对应所要调节的磁力皮带伸缩作业的相应信号，在切割系统控制下实现磁力皮带的伸缩调节；磁力皮带组中的每根磁力皮带都可实现伸长与缩回的动态调整，且磁力皮带调节过程中切割头同步在执行切割路径的切割。
优选的，设置两个以上激光加工位及相应的同步通板单元设两组以上磁力 皮带组，每个加工位有一个以上激光切割机；切割过程中，每个加工位中的激光切割机切割头对应的进料与出料磁力皮带组进行同步动态调整作业，对加工片料在二个切割范围内分区域步进切割，第一个加工位中完成加工片料的一部分切割，在第二个加工位中完成所述加工片料的另一部分切割，二个加工位中的各激光切割头分别与第一组磁力皮带、第二组磁力皮带进行协同作业，即二个加工位中的各激光切割头分别在切割运动过程中，两组磁力皮带分别同步动态的进行伸长与缩回，二个切割区域每完成一套作业后，带钢进行步进，二个加工位中的各切割头与两组磁力皮带再次进行协同作业，以此循环；在第二个加工位中的激光切割机的激光切割头进行最后的断料并获得最终加工片料至第二组出料侧磁力皮带组上输出。
优选的，进料侧与出料侧磁力皮带组通过控制电磁模块实现磁性的开与关，在激光切割区域的电磁模块在磁力皮带组静止时全部或部分上磁，在伸长或缩回的动态过程中电磁模块全部释放磁力；对于切割轮廓形状所形成的切割路径，编制磁性特征信息对应的磁力皮带电磁模块的磁性信号，在切割控制系统控制下实现电磁模块磁性的控制。
成卷卷材通过开卷夹送单元形成带钢至进料侧磁力皮带组，进料侧磁力皮带组将带钢送至激光切割加工位，进料侧各根磁力皮带间隙可以根据带钢宽度与切割轮廓预先调整至固定间隙与固定的伸缩位置形成进料侧组磁力皮带的进料初始位，同时出料侧各根磁力皮带根据带钢宽度与切割轮廓预先调制至固定间隙与固定的伸缩位置形成出料侧组磁力皮带的出料初始位。进入激光切割区域的带钢由工件坐标测量系统对带钢位置进行测量，以在切割作业前修正控制系统工件坐标系的原点位置坐标及角度，完成测量后激光切割单元对带钢按需要加工的轮廓形状以规划的路径顺序进行切割。在切割过程中进料侧与出料侧各根磁力皮带可根据切割路径同步动态调节，调节根据切割形状决定，调节过程中需要让出在切割过程中的割缝，避免激光透过带钢接触到任意一根磁力皮带，已完成的切割轮廓对应位置的进料侧与出料侧磁力皮带可以伸长或缩回，对加工片料起到稳定支撑作用，同时保证出料侧接料出料的需要。切割过程中，对于已形成的废料，在切割控制系统中给出相应信号传送给废料掉落视觉检测系统，实时对废料掉落情况进行检测。切割完成后，切割控制系统给出相应信号，切割分离视觉系统对已完成的全部切割轮廓进行检测，判定与带钢的分离情况。完成加工后，进料侧磁力皮带组位于进料终止位，出料侧磁力皮带组位 于出料终止位。加工片料在出料侧组磁力皮带上的出料终止位进入出料输出状态并输出至搬运位，搬运前，片料位置检测装置对片料位置进行检测，将片料位置反馈给搬运堆垛机器人以纠正其位姿，随后搬运堆垛机器人末端的端拾器对加工片料吸附拾取并堆垛至垛料位。
在切割过程中进料侧与出料侧各根磁力皮带可根据切割路径同步动态调节的具体的方法是：对于切割轮廓形状所形成的切割路径，提取其中的切割特征信息在切割控制系统中给出相应信号，即编制切割特征信息对应所要调节的磁力皮带伸缩动作，由数控控制与磁力皮带轴控制通过通信实现磁力皮带的调节；磁力皮带组中的每根磁力皮带都可实现伸长与缩回的动态调整，且磁力皮带调节过程中数控控制器同步在执行切割路径的切割。
进一步，同步动态调节的具体过程是：带钢运动到切割区域后保持静止，此时进料侧组磁力皮带在进料初始位，出料侧组磁力皮带在出料初始位。根据运行的已编制特征信息对应调节的磁力皮带动作，当切割过程运动到切割控制系统中特征信息时，对应的磁力皮带开始伸长或缩回直至到设计位置，此时为进料与出料侧的组磁力皮带动态调整阶段。各磁力皮带都根据激光切割轮廓动态调整到与光束不干涉的位置，而切割动作保持正常进行的切割状态，直至切割完成，进料与出料侧的组磁力皮带已调整到终止位，获得的加工片料通过出料组磁力皮带输出，与此同时进料与出料侧的组磁力皮带再次伸长或缩回至初始位，带钢步进，进行下一循环的加工。带钢步进前后的切割位置的相连割缝需要设计激光对刀工艺实现断料。
在激光切割头为一个时，磁力皮带组为一对组合，即一组进料组磁力皮带，一组出料组磁力皮带，搬运堆垛机器人配置一个，而对于本发明不局限于以上设置，激光切割头可以灵活得设置一个以上，磁力皮带组也可以灵活得成对设置两组以上，搬运堆垛机器人也根据需要投入两个以上。本发明也不限于带钢在切割区域的步进次数，可以通过一个以上的步进装置获得加工片料。
本发明的优点在于：
本发明同步通板动态跟随激光切割的方法及其系统解决了困扰常用激光数控系统加工的废料在线自动掉落问题，同时实现了卷材成卷加工方法中的关键的通板功能与同步动态调节功能。通过磁力皮带在切割过程中的同步动态调节功能，实现料片支撑、接料、废料自动剔除、激光通过等功能。其中在激光切割过程中的同步磁力皮带调节并达到通板的目的，有效提高了作业效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的平面布置图；
图3～图6为本发明同步通板磁力皮带组动态跟随割缝的过程图；
图7为两个激光头与磁力皮带同步动态跟随切割示意图；
图8为本发明实现同步通板动态跟随的控制过程示意图；
图9为本发明是开卷单元与磁力皮带组的同步控制示意图；
图10为本发明数控控制的激光切割机与磁力皮带组各轴的动态控制示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1、图2，本发明的同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统，其包括：一加工位1；同步通板单元2、2’，采用磁力皮带组，分别设置于所述加工位1的进料侧和出料侧，磁力皮带组中各根磁力皮带C11、C12、C13、C14、C21、C22、C23、C24、C25可伸长或缩回，且各磁力皮带间间隙可调；
激光切割单元3，设置于所述加工位1，其包括至少一激光切割机31及其上激光切割头32；
搬运堆垛单元4，包括堆垛台41及搬运堆垛机器人42(端拾器43及其真空吸盘44)，堆垛台41设置于所述加工位1出料侧的同步通板单元2’磁力皮带组外侧；
废料传送带装置5，设置于所述加工位1与进料方向垂直的一侧；
烟尘处理装置6、带钢切割的实时测量装置7，设于每个加工位1；
片料堆垛前的片料位置检测装置8，设于加工位1外侧的出料侧磁力皮带组位置的搬运位；
切割控制系统(图中未示)，所述同步通板单元2、2’、激光切割单元3、搬运堆垛单元4、废料传送带装置5、烟尘处理装置6、实时测量装置7和片料位置检测装置8分别连接切割控制系统，使以上各单元与装置之间形成关联的作业控制，且同步通板单元磁力皮带伸长或缩回与激光切割随动。
在本实施例中，烟尘处理装置6，其烟尘吸附区域对应所述加工位1下方通过烟道61回收至烟尘回收装置62中。
带钢测量的实时测量装置7，设置于所述加工位1，其中用于工件坐标测量的两个相机71安装于激光切割机31上，一个安装切割机XY平台上，一个安装在切割机Z轴上加强检测精度。用于切割后分离视觉检测识别、废料掉落视觉检测识别的两个相机72安装于隔离加工位1的密闭房33上。
片料搬运前的位置检测装置8，设置于加工位外侧的出料侧磁力皮带组位置的搬运位，本实施例中安装在加工位1外的密闭房33外侧，相机8视觉范围通过角度倾斜的安装方式可覆盖片料输出区域。
图2中公开的本发明方法的平面布置图，其中，激光切割机为直角坐标机器人形式，可沿XYZ三个方向运动，工作行程长2000mm(X轴)×宽2000mm(Y轴)×厚200mm(Z轴)。进料与出料组磁力皮带长度分别为4500mm。堆放片料的堆垛台设置为2个，可以堆放加工片料，也可以按需要对大尺寸废料进行堆垛。
成卷卷材通过开卷机10开卷，经过侧导向后进入入料夹送棍20，开卷料头剪30剪去卷材头部进入矫平机40对板形进行进一步矫直，随后经过过渡平台50至送料机60将平面的带钢送入加工位1进料侧的同步通板单元2的磁力皮带组，进料侧磁力皮带组为4个磁力皮带构成，分别为C11、C12、C13、C14，出料侧同步通板单元2’磁力皮带组为5个磁力皮带构成，分别为C21、C22、C23、C24、C25。
进料侧各磁力皮带间隙可以根据带钢宽度与切割轮廓预先调整至固定间隙与固定的伸缩位置形成进料侧组磁力皮带的进料初始位，同时出料侧各磁力皮带根据带钢宽度与切割轮廓预先调制至固定间隙与固定的伸缩位置形成出料侧磁力皮带组的出料初始位。
进入加工位1激光切割区域的带钢由CCD相机进行轮廓的采集并进行分析与处理，以在切割作业前修正控制系统工件坐标系的原点位置坐标以及角度。
完成测量后，激光切割单元3的激光切割机31上的激光切割头32对带钢按需要加工的轮廓形状以规划的路径顺序进行切割，通过激光切割机31使激光切割头32可以在XYZ三个方向运动完成切割动作。在切割过程中激光切割头32保持切割运动状态，与此同时，进料侧与出料侧的同步通板单元2、2’各磁力皮带可根据切割路径的需要进行同步动态伸长或缩回的调节，调节根据切割形状决定，调节的作用是让出在切割所经过的割缝，避免激光透过带钢接触到磁力皮带，另外，通过磁力皮带的同步动态伸长或缩回的调节，支撑已完成路 径切割的片料。调节完成后的磁力皮带在全部或部分上磁的静止状态，以对加工片料起到稳定接触的作用，在伸长或缩回调节中的磁力皮带在磁力全部释放的运动状态。
完成加工后，进料侧同步通板单元2的磁力皮带组位于进料终止位，出料侧同步通板单元2’的磁力皮带组位于出料终止位。加工片料在出料侧磁力皮带组上的出料终止位，磁力皮带磁性释放，加工片料在磁力皮带上进入出料输出状态并通过皮带回转输出至搬运位，搬运堆垛单元4搬运堆垛机器人42上的端拾器421通过调整组合的真空吸盘44对加工片料进行吸附拾取将其堆垛至堆垛台41上，对于拾取的精确位置可通过在输出端的CCD相机进行检测并反馈以使搬运堆垛机器人42纠正搬运位姿而进一步保证堆垛片料的垛位差在精度要求内。在加工片料进行出料的同时，磁力皮带组进行伸长或缩回至进料与出料的起始位，与此同时，带钢步进，进入下一个循环切割。
其中，已预先将各真空吸盘44调整至符合加工片料吸附形状的位置，并可控制所布局的真空吸盘44的开启与关闭。
具体的，在切割过程中，首先进料侧同步通板单元2磁力皮带组的各磁力皮带C11、C12、C13、C14及出料侧同步通板单元2’磁力皮带组的各磁力皮带C21、C22、C23、C24、C25分别在进料初始位与出料初始位，如图3所示。
在切割路径P1的时候，出料侧磁力皮带C24已根据切割特征信息形成特征点信号N1缩回而避开了切割路径P1，如图4所示。当切过切割路径P1时，接料的磁力皮带C14已根据特征点信号N2缩回而避开切割路径P2，与此同时，出料磁力皮带C24已根据特征点信号N2伸长而接住加工片料的部分，如图5所示。所述的切割路径诸如P1、P2等是为了解释磁力皮带伸长或缩回而定义，一根切割线可以由若干个路径组成。在C24、C14伸缩过程中磁性释放，其它磁力皮带部分或全部上磁，在C24、C14运动到位后可部分或全部上磁。
针对实施例中对象尺寸，需要带钢再次步进，当带钢完成步进后，CCD相机对切割区域的带钢位置再次进行检测，通过控制系统修正位置，随后进料与出料侧磁力皮带再次根据新的特征点信号在切割过程中进行伸长与缩回以实现对L1-L3的切割，最终完成一片加工片料A的切割加工，完成加工后进料与出料侧磁力皮带分别位于进料终止位与出料终止位，如图6所示。带钢再次步进，进入新一片加工片料的循环作业中。其中，在运动中的磁力皮带磁性释放，在静止中的磁力皮带根据加工片料需要全部或部分上磁，每根磁力皮带都分布有 电磁铁模块并可单独控制。
参见图7、图8，为了满足加工需要，可以设置两个以上激光切割机及相应的两组以上磁力皮带组，切割过程中，每个激光切割机切割头对应的进料与出料侧磁力皮带组进行同步动态调整作业，对加工片料在二个切割范围内分区域步进切割。
第一个激光切割机31及其激光切割头32完成加工片料的部分切割，在第二个激光切割机33及其激光切割头34完成加工片料的另一部分切割，两个激光切割头32、34分别与第一组磁力皮带22、23、第二组磁力皮带24、25进行协同作业，即两个激光切割头32、34分别切割运动过程中，二组磁力皮带分别同步动态的进行伸长与缩回，图7示意了两个切割区域与两组磁力皮带对加工片料进行分步切割的布置图。两个切割区域每完成一套作业后，带钢进行步进，如图8所示，两个激光切割头32、34与两组磁力皮带再次进行协同作业，以此循环。在第二个激光切割机33的激光切割头34进行最后的断料并获得最终加工片料至第二组出料磁力皮带25上输出。
参见图9，为了实现同步通板动态跟随激光切割的方法，其控制系统的实现方法是开卷夹送单元的输送速度与进料及出料组磁力皮带的输送速度通过profibus通信保持一致使二者实现同步控制，这种方法有效保证了同步通板的实现。
参见图10，激光切割机与进料侧及出料侧磁力皮带组通过数控控制系统与磁力皮带轴控制系统以及磁力皮带电磁控制系统之间的profibus通信实现协同控制，这种方法有效保证了磁力皮带组动态跟随激光切割过程，同时通过电磁控制模块有效控制了电磁模块磁性添加与释放，数控控制系统预先制定切割路径、切割特征信号、磁性特征信号规则。

Claims (8)

  1. 同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统，其特征在于，包括：
    一个以上加工位；
    同步通板单元，采用磁力皮带组，分别设置于所述加工位的进料侧和出料侧，磁力皮带组中各根磁力皮带可伸长或缩回，且各磁力皮带间的间隙可调；
    激光切割单元，设置于所述加工位，其包括至少一激光切割机及其上激光切割头；
    搬运堆垛单元，包括堆垛台及堆垛机器人，堆垛台设置于所述加工位出料侧的同步通板单元磁力皮带组外侧；
    废料传送带装置，设置于所述加工位与进料方向垂直的一侧；
    烟尘处理装置、带钢切割的实时测量装置，设于每个加工位；
    片料堆垛前的片料位置检测装置，设于加工位外侧的出料侧磁力皮带组位置的搬运位；
    切割控制系统，所述同步通板单元、激光切割单元、搬运堆垛单元、废料传送带装置、烟尘处理装置、实时测量装置和片料位置检测装置分别连接切割控制系统，使以上各单元与装置之间互相通信形成关联的作业控制，且同步通板单元的磁力皮带伸长或缩回与激光切割头随动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统，其特征在于，所述同步通板单元的磁力皮带组，其包括，
    分别控制进料侧与出料侧磁力皮带组的传送电机及其控制模块；
    若干磁力皮带，每个磁力皮带包括：
    至少一个可单独控制的电磁模块；
    控制各磁力皮带伸缩的伸缩电机及其控制模块；
    控制各磁力皮带间隙调节的宽度电机及其控制模块。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统，其特征在于，所述带钢切割的实时测量装置，包括，
    用于工件坐标测量的两个相机；
    用于废料掉落视觉检测识别、切割后分离视觉检测识别的两个相机。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统，其特征在于，所述的片料堆垛前的片料位置检测装置包括一个相机，安装于搬运位上方，用于检测片料在搬运位的位置。
  5. 用于如权利要求1所述同步通板动态跟随激光切割的系统的激光切割方法，其特征是，包括，
    a)进料侧各根磁力皮带间隙根据带钢宽度和切割轮廓预先调整至固定间隙及固定的伸缩位置，形成进料侧磁力皮带组的进料初始位；同时，出料侧各根磁力皮带根据带钢宽度与切割轮廓预先调整至固定间隙及固定的伸缩位置，形成出料侧磁力皮带组的出料初始位；磁力皮带将带钢送至激光切割加工位；
    b)进入加工位激光切割区域的带钢由实时测量装置对带钢轮廓进行定位测量，以在切割作业前修正激光切割控制系统工件坐标系的原点位置坐标及角度；完成测量后，激光切割单元对带钢按需要加工的轮廓形状以规划的路径顺序进行切割；
    切割过程中，进料侧与出料侧各根磁力皮带根据切割路径同步动态调节，根据切割形状决定伸缩调节量，同步动态的调节采用切割控制系统中给出信号的方式传送给磁力皮带伸缩控制模块实现，调节过程中磁力皮带需要让出在切割过程中的割缝，避免激光透过带钢接触到任意一根磁力皮带；已完成的切割轮廓对应位置的进料侧与出料侧磁力皮带可以伸长或缩回，对加工片料起到稳定支撑作用，同时保证出料侧接料出料的需要；
    切割过程中，对于已形成的废料，在切割控制系统中给出信号传送给实时测量装置，实时对废料掉落情况进行检测识别；切割完成后，切割控制系统给出信号，带钢切割的实时测量装置对已完成的全部切割轮廓进行检测，判定加工片料与带钢的分离情况；
    c)片料加工完成后，进料侧磁力皮带组位于进料终止位，出料侧磁力皮带组位于出料终止位；加工片料在出料侧磁力皮带组上的出料终止位进入出料输出状态并输出至搬运位，与此同时，进料与出料侧的磁力皮带组再次伸长或缩回至初始位，带钢步进，进行下一循环的加工；
    d)在片料搬运前，片料位置检测装置的相机对片料位置进行检测，将片料 位置反馈给搬运堆垛机器人以纠正其位姿，随后搬运堆垛机器人末端的端拾器对加工片料吸附拾取并堆垛至垛料位。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的激光切割方法，其特征是，在切割过程中，进料侧与出料侧各根磁力皮带可根据切割路径同步动态调节，对于切割轮廓形状所形成的切割路径，编制切割特征信息对应所要调节的磁力皮带伸缩作业的相应信号，在切割控制系统控制下实现磁力皮带的伸缩调节；磁力皮带组中的每根磁力皮带都可实现伸长与缩回的动态调整，且磁力皮带调节过程中切割头同步在执行切割路径的切割。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的激光切割方法，其特征是，设置两个以上激光加工位及相应的同步通板单元设两组以上磁力皮带组，每个加工位有一个以上激光切割机；切割过程中，每个加工位中的激光切割机切割头对应的进料与出料磁力皮带组进行同步动态调整作业，对加工片料在二个切割范围内分区域步进切割，第一个加工位中完成加工片料的一部分切割，在第二个加工位中完成所述加工片料的另一部分切割，二个加工位中的各激光切割头分别与第一组磁力皮带、第二组磁力皮带进行协同作业，即二个加工位中的各激光切割头分别在切割运动过程中，两组磁力皮带分别同步动态的进行伸长与缩回，二个切割区域每完成一套作业后，带钢进行步进，二个加工位中的各切割头与两组磁力皮带再次进行协同作业，以此循环；在第二个加工位中的激光切割机的激光切割头进行最后的断料并获得最终加工片料至第二组出料侧磁力皮带组上输出。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的激光切割方法，其特征是，进料侧与出料侧磁力皮带组通过控制电磁模块实现磁性的开与关，在激光切割区域的电磁模块在磁力皮带组静止时全部或部分上磁，在伸长或缩回的动态过程中电磁模块全部释放磁力；对于切割轮廓形状所形成的切割路径，编制磁性特征信息对应的磁力皮带电磁模块的磁性信号，在切割控制系统控制下实现电磁模块磁性的控制。
PCT/CN2016/077625 2015-08-31 2016-03-29 一种同步通板动态跟随激光切割的方法及其系统 Ceased WO2017036127A1 (zh)

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