WO2017092073A1 - 电池单元、电池模组及电池包 - Google Patents

电池单元、电池模组及电池包 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017092073A1
WO2017092073A1 PCT/CN2015/097281 CN2015097281W WO2017092073A1 WO 2017092073 A1 WO2017092073 A1 WO 2017092073A1 CN 2015097281 W CN2015097281 W CN 2015097281W WO 2017092073 A1 WO2017092073 A1 WO 2017092073A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
heating zone
battery
battery module
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2015/097281
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李清
尤若波
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP15909587.6A priority Critical patent/EP3382788A4/en
Priority to US15/489,358 priority patent/US10522886B2/en
Publication of WO2017092073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017092073A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/298—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of batteries, and in particular, to a battery unit, a battery module, and a battery pack.
  • lithium ion batteries generally have the best charge and discharge performance and the best life when they are in the range of 20 to 40 degrees.
  • the thermal management heating function is required to return the battery temperature to the optimum operating temperature range.
  • the battery is usually heated by external PTC heating and hot air heating.
  • the external PTC heating mode is a heat exchanger 9 in which a liquid flow is integrated inside the battery pack P, and the liquid in the water tank 7 is sucked by the water pump 10 and heated by the PTC heater 8 to enter the heat exchanger 9,
  • the heat of the liquid working medium is continuously transmitted to the individual cells 1 of the battery module M in the path, resulting in a gradual decrease in the temperature of the liquid working medium and a gradual decrease in the heat transfer capacity. Therefore, the individual cells 1 of the battery module M on the flow path get different heat, and the longer the flow path, the greater the temperature difference between each other.
  • the single cell 1 of the battery module M at the end of the path receives the least heat and the temperature rises the slowest, which affects the overall heating efficiency.
  • the heat absorption of the pipeline components and the heat loss of the exposed pipeline wall due to the heat absorption of the pipeline components and the heat loss of the exposed pipeline wall, a large part of the heat of the PTC heating method cannot be utilized by the battery module, and the effective utilization of energy is low.
  • the hot air heating method is to pump the hot air generated by the hot air heater A into the battery pack P through the blower B of the battery pack P, thereby improving the internal temperature of the battery pack P, thereby heating the monomers of the internal battery modules.
  • Battery 1 This heating method is relatively easy to implement because the medium is air, but the heating efficiency is lower, and the IP rating of the battery pack C is low.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a battery unit that uses a heating diaphragm to heat a single battery, which can provide corresponding heat according to the heat demand of different parts of the single battery, and ensure the single Uniformity of body battery heating.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery module that uses a heating diaphragm to heat each of the single cells, which can save space, and can provide corresponding heat according to the heat demand of each single battery, ensuring each The uniformity of heating of the unit cells.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack that uses a heating film to heat each battery module, which can save space, and can provide corresponding heat according to the heat demand of each battery module, thereby ensuring the respective batteries. Uniform heating of the module.
  • the present invention provides a battery unit comprising: a single cell having two end faces; and at least one heating film bonded to one end surface of the unit cell.
  • Each of the heating membranes includes a heating core and two insulating films.
  • the heating core generates heat when it is energized, and has: a wire connection region for electrically connecting with an external wire; and a heating region electrically connected with the wire connection region, and different rated heating powers of different portions of the heating region are different in the pair of cells The heat demand in different areas of the cell is satisfied when heated.
  • Two insulating films are respectively coated on both sides of the heating core.
  • the present invention provides a battery module comprising: a plurality of unit cells arranged side by side; a case for fixing and housing the plurality of unit cells; At least one heating film is housed in the casing and is in contact with the plurality of unit cells.
  • Each of the heating membranes includes a heating core and two insulating films.
  • the heating core generates heat when it is energized, and has: a wire connecting area for electrically connecting with an external wire; and a heating zone electrically connected with the wire connecting zone, and different rated heating powers of different parts of the heating zone are different, so as to correspondingly
  • the single cells are heated to meet the heat demand of the cells in different regions.
  • Two insulating films are respectively coated on both sides of the heating core.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack comprising: at least one battery module; and a heating diaphragm for directly or indirectly heating the battery module.
  • the heating film includes a heating core and two insulating films.
  • the heating core generates heat when it is energized, and has: a wire connecting area for electrically connecting with an external wire; and a heating zone electrically connected with the wire connecting zone, and different rated heating powers of different parts of the heating zone are different for the corresponding battery
  • Two insulating films are respectively coated on both sides of the heating core.
  • the end face of the unit cell is heated by the heating film, and the rated heating power of different parts of the heating zone of the heating core is different, so that the heat supplied to different parts of the cell can be based on the monomer Electricity
  • the different parts of the pool are dependent on the heat demand, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heating of the heating membrane to the individual cells.
  • the heating film is used to heat each of the single cells in the battery module, and the rated heating power of different parts of the heating zone of the heating core is different, so the different parts of the battery module are
  • the heat provided by the body battery can be determined according to the heat demand of the individual cells in different parts of the battery module, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heating of the single cells in the battery module by the heating film.
  • each of the battery modules in the battery pack is heated by using a heating film, and the rated heating power of different portions of the heating zone of the heating core is different, so that the battery modules of different parts of the battery pack are provided.
  • the heat can be determined according to the heat demand of the battery modules in different parts of the battery pack, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heating of the battery modules in the battery pack by the heating diaphragm.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art external PTC heating mode
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art hot air heating mode
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a battery unit in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a heating diaphragm of a battery unit in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the heating core of the heating film shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a battery module in accordance with the present invention, wherein the housing is omitted and the heated diaphragm is in contact with the end faces of the unit cells;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the heating core of the heating film shown in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a battery module in accordance with the present invention, wherein the heating film is in contact with the side of the unit cell;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the heating core of the heating film shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of the battery module according to the present invention, wherein the heating film is in contact with the bottom surface of the unit cell;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the heating core of the heating film shown in Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention, wherein the heating film is directly in contact with the battery module;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of the heating core of the heating film shown in Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention, wherein the heating film is in contact with the battery module via an air-cooling assembly;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of the heating core of the heating film shown in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention, wherein the heating film is in contact with the battery module via a liquid cooling component;
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic view showing a heating core of the heating film shown in Fig. 16.
  • a battery unit E comprises: a single cell 1 having two end faces 11; and at least one heating film 3 bonded to one end face 11 of the unit cell 1.
  • Each of the heating diaphragms 3 includes a heating core 31 and two insulating films 32.
  • the heating core 31 generates heat when energized, and has: a wire connection region 311 for electrically connecting with the external wire W; and a heating region 312 electrically connected to the wire connection region 311, and different rated heating powers of different portions of the heating region 312 are different.
  • the heat demand of different regions of the unit cell 1 is satisfied when the unit cell 1 is heated.
  • Two insulating films 32 are coated on both sides of the heating core 31, respectively.
  • the nominal heating power of different portions of the heating zone 312 is determined by thermal simulation analysis and test verification optimization.
  • the end face 11 of the unit cell 1 is heated by the heating diaphragm 3, and the rated heating power of the different portions of the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 is different, so that different parts of the unit cell 1 are different.
  • the heat supplied can be determined according to the heat demand of different parts of the single cell 1, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heating of the heating film 3 to the single cell 1.
  • the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 of the heating diaphragm 3 has a first central heating zone 311, and an end face 11 of the unit cell 1.
  • the central portion is opposite to each other; and the first edge heating region 3122 is disposed around the first central heating region 3121 opposite to the periphery of the end surface 11 of the unit cell 1.
  • the first edge heating zone 3122 has a higher rated heating power than the first central heating zone 3121.
  • the ratio of the rated heating power of the first edge heating zone 3122 to the rated heating power of the first central heating zone 3121 is 2:1.
  • a battery module M includes: a plurality of unit cells 1 arranged side by side; a case 2 for fixing and housing the plurality of unit cells 1; and at least one heating film
  • the sheet 3 is housed in the casing 2 and is in contact with the plurality of unit cells 1.
  • Each of the heating diaphragms 3 includes a heating core 31 and two insulating films 32.
  • the heating core 31 generates heat when energized, and has: a wire connection region 311 for electrically connecting with an external wire W; and a heating region 312, electrically connected to the wire connection region 311, the different portions of the heating region 312 have different rated heating powers to meet the heat demand of the cells 1 in different regions when the corresponding plurality of cells 1 are heated.
  • Two insulating films 32 are coated on both sides of the heating core 31, respectively.
  • each of the unit cells 1 in the battery module M is heated by the heating diaphragm 3, and the rated heating power of different portions of the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 is different, so the battery is
  • the heat supplied by the single cell 1 of different parts of the module M can be determined according to the heat demand of the single cell 1 of different parts of the battery module M, thereby ensuring that the heating film 3 is connected to each single cell of the battery module M. Uniform heating.
  • the unit cell 1 has two end faces 11, two side faces 12, and a bottom face 13.
  • the battery module M further includes: a plurality of partitions 6 disposed between the end faces 11 of the adjacent two single cells 1 A heating film 3 is provided between one end surface 11 of each unit cell 1 and the corresponding separator 6.
  • the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 of each heating film 3 has: a second central heating zone 3123, corresponding to the corresponding unit cell 1.
  • the central portion of the end surface 11 is opposed to each other; and the second edge heating portion 3124 is disposed around the second central heating portion 3123 opposite to the periphery of the end surface 11 of the corresponding unit cell 1.
  • the second edge heating zone 3124 has a higher rated heating power than the second central heating zone 3123.
  • the ratio of the rated heating power of the second edge heating zone 3124 to the rated heating power of the second central heating zone 3123 is 2:1.
  • the heating film 3 is in direct contact with one side surface 12 when all of the unit cells 1 of the battery module M are arranged side by side.
  • the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 of the heating diaphragm 3 has a third central heating zone 3125, which is more than the middle of the battery module M.
  • the side faces 12 of the single cells 1 are in contact; and the two third edge heating zones 3126 are disposed on both sides of the third central heating zone 3125 to be in contact with the side faces 12 of the plurality of unit cells 1 on both sides of the battery module M. .
  • the third edge heating zone 3126 has a higher rated heating power than the third central heating zone 3125.
  • the ratio of the rated heating power of the third edge heating zone 3126 to the rated heating power of the third central heating zone 3125 is 2:1.
  • the heating film 3 is in direct contact with the bottom surface 13 when all of the unit cells 1 of the battery module M are arranged side by side.
  • the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 of the heating film 3 has: a fourth central heating zone 3127, and a plurality of central portions of the battery module
  • the bottom surface 13 of the unit cell 1 is in contact with each other; and two fourth edge heating regions 3128 are disposed on both sides of the fourth central heating region 3127 to be in contact with the bottom surface 13 of the plurality of unit cells 1 on both sides of the battery module M.
  • the fourth edge heating zone 3128 has a higher rated heating power than the fourth central heating zone 3127.
  • the ratio of the rated heating power of the fourth edge heating zone 3128 to the rated heating power of the fourth central heating zone 3127 is 2:1.
  • the casing 2 includes: two end plates 21; two side plates 22 fixedly connecting the two end plates 21; A top plate 23 is fixedly coupled to the two end plates 21 and the two side plates 22.
  • a battery pack P includes: at least one battery module M; and a heating diaphragm 3 for directly or indirectly heating the battery module M.
  • the heating film 3 includes a heating core 31 and two insulating films 32.
  • the heating core 31 generates heat when energized, and has: a wire connection region 311 for electrically connecting with the external wire W; and a heating region 312 electrically connected to the wire connection region 311, and different rated heating powers of different portions of the heating region 312 are different.
  • the heat demand of the battery module M satisfying different regions when heating the corresponding battery module M is used.
  • Two insulating films 32 are coated on both sides of the heating core 31, respectively.
  • each of the battery modules M in the battery pack P is heated by the heating diaphragm 3, and the rated heating power of different portions of the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 is different, so the battery pack P is
  • the heat provided by the battery module M in different parts can be determined according to the heat demand of the battery module M in different parts of the battery pack P, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heating of the battery modules M in the battery pack P by the heating diaphragm 3.
  • the heating film 3 is disposed at the bottom of all the battery modules M, and directly heats the battery modules M.
  • the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 of the heating diaphragm 3 has: a fifth central heating zone 3129, and a battery module in the middle of the battery pack P M contact; and two fifth edge heating zones 312A, disposed on both sides of the fifth central heating zone 3129, and battery modules on both sides of the battery pack P Group M contact.
  • the fifth edge heating zone 312A has a higher rated heating power than the fifth central heating zone 3129.
  • the ratio of the rated heating power of the fifth edge heating zone 312A to the rated heating power of the fifth central heating zone 3129 is 2:1.
  • the battery pack P further includes an air-cooling component 4 disposed at the bottom of the battery module M.
  • the heating diaphragm 3 is disposed below the air-cooling unit 4 and indirectly heats the battery module M via the air-cooling unit 4.
  • the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 of the heating diaphragm 3 has a sixth central heating zone 312B in contact with the central portion of the air-cooling component 4; And two sixth edge heating zones 312C are disposed on both sides of the sixth central heating zone 312B to be in contact with both sides of the air cooling component 4.
  • the sixth edge heating zone 312C has a higher rated heating power than the sixth central heating zone 312B.
  • the ratio of the rated heating power of the sixth edge heating zone 312C to the rated heating power of the sixth central heating zone 312B is 2:1.
  • the battery pack P further includes: a liquid cooling component 5 disposed at the bottom of the battery module M.
  • the heating diaphragm 3 is disposed below the liquid cooling unit 5 and indirectly heats the battery module M via the liquid cooling unit 5.
  • the liquid cooling unit 5 includes a plurality of liquid cooling tubes 51 forming a cooling circuit, and each of the liquid cooling tubes 51 is connected to the upper battery module M.
  • the bottom surface 13 of each of the unit cells 1 is in contact; correspondingly, a heating film 3 is correspondingly contacted under the adjacent two liquid-cooling tubes 51.
  • the heating zone 312 of the heating core 31 of each of the heating diaphragms 3 has: a seventh central heating zone 312D, and two adjacent liquid cooling tubes A liquid cooling pipe 51 of 51 corresponds to and is in contact with the central portion of the liquid cooling pipe 51; two seventh edge heating zones 312E are disposed on both sides of the seventh central heating zone 312D, and two of the liquid cooling pipes 51 Side contact; eighth central heating zone 312F corresponding to another liquid cooling pipe 51 of two adjacent liquid cooling pipes 51, and in contact with the middle of the liquid cooling pipe 51; and two eighth edge heating zones 312G, On both sides of the eighth central heating zone 312F, and in contact with both sides of the liquid cooling pipe 51.
  • the wire connection region 311 of the heating core 31 of the heating film 3 has: a first wire connection region 3111, and a seventh central heating region 312D And a second wire connection region 3112 electrically connected to the eighth central heating region 312F.
  • the heating core 31 of the heating membrane 3 also has a bridging zone 313 for electrically connecting the seventh central heating zone 312D and the eighth central heating zone 312F.
  • the rated heating power of the seventh edge heating zone 312E is higher than the seventh central heating zone 312D; the rated heating power of the eighth edge heating zone 312G is higher than the eighth central Heating zone 312F.
  • the ratio of the rated heating power of the seventh edge heating zone 312E to the rated heating power of the seventh central heating zone 312D is 2:1;
  • the ratio of the rated heating power of the edge heating zone 312G to the rated heating power of the eighth central heating zone 312F is 2:1.
  • the operating temperature of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the battery pack P in any of the above aspects is -40 ° C to 120 ° C.
  • the insulating film 32 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P of any of the above aspects is made of insulating silica gel, polyimide or Teflon.
  • the insulation resistance of the insulating film 32 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P in any of the above aspects is 1000 V/50 M ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P in any of the above aspects is 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the thickness of the insulating film 32 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P in any of the above aspects is 0.08 mm to 2 mm.
  • the insulating film 32 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P of any of the above aspects is made of insulating silica gel and has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • the insulating film 32 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P of any of the above aspects is made of polyimide and has a thickness of 0.08 mm to 0.3 mm.
  • the two-layer insulating film 32 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film sheet 3 of the battery pack P of any of the above aspects is hermetically insulated and sealed by adhesion, hot pressing or weaving.
  • the insulating film 32 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P of any of the above aspects is made of polyimide and the double-sided 3M glue is used for the bonding.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P in any of the above aspects is within 0.15 mm.
  • the heating core 31 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating diaphragm 3 of the battery pack P of any of the above aspects is made of copper, silver, graphite, PTC, nichrome, stainless steel or a composite material thereof.
  • the powder coating process uses the graphite powder material, adopts the automatic coating machine to set the coating path, the paint flow rate and the coating area to control the partition power requirement; the process of changing the metal over-flow section is realized by using laser engraving technology or chemical precipitation setting process.
  • the variation of the width of the metal conductive path; the method of changing the density per unit area of the heat-generating material is to adopt a method of arranging and arranging, for example, the metal conductor in the region where the heating power density is high is densely arranged, and the metal conductor in the region where the heating power density is low is thin.
  • the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the outer lead wire W of the battery pack P in any of the above aspects are connected to the lead wire connection region 311 by riveting and soldering.
  • the tensile force of the solder joints of the wire unit E of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the battery pack P of any of the above aspects and the wire connection region 311 is greater than 150N.
  • the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the lead W outside the battery pack P of any of the above aspects are double-lead. Dual leads increase current capability and connector reliability while reducing joint thermal resistance to reduce heat generation.
  • the rated heating power of the wire connection region 311 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating film 3 of the battery pack P in any of the above aspects is 0.05 W/cm 2 or less.
  • the rated heating power of the heating zone 312 of the battery unit E, the battery module M, and the heating diaphragm 3 of the battery pack P in any of the above aspects ranges from 0.5 W/cm 2 to 2 W/cm 2 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种电池单元、电池模组及电池包。电池包包括：至少一个电池模组；以及加热膜片，对电池模组直接或间接加热。其中加热膜片包括加热芯和两层绝缘膜。加热芯通电时产生热量，具有：导线连接区，用于与外部的导线电连接；以及加热区，与导线连接区电连接，加热区的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对相应的电池模组加热时满足不同区域的电池模组对热量的需求。两层绝缘膜分别包覆在加热芯的两侧。电池包采用加热膜片对各电池模组加热，而加热芯的加热区的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，因此对电池包不同部位的电池模组提供的热量能够依据电池包不同部位的电池模组对热量的需求而定，进而保证加热膜片对电池包中各电池模组加热的均匀性。

Description

电池单元、电池模组及电池包 技术领域
本发明涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种电池单元、电池模组及电池包。
背景技术
目前锂离子电池一般在20～40度范围内时，其充放电性能最佳，寿命最好。当电池处于低温环境时，就需要通过热管理的加热功能使电池温度回到最佳工作温度范围内。而现在市场上通常采用外部PTC加热和热风加热两种方式对电池进行加热。
参照图1，外部PTC加热方式是在电池包P的内部集成了液体流通的换热器9，而水箱7中的液体被水泵10抽吸并经由PTC加热器8加热后进入换热器9，以便内部的电池模组M的各单体电池1和液体工质之间的热量交换。沿着流动方向，液体工质的热量不断传递给路径中的电池模组M的各单体电池1，导致液体工质温度逐渐降低，传热能力逐渐降低。因此流动路径上的电池模组M的各个单体电池1得到的热量不一，流动路径越长，彼此温度差异越大。因而路径最末尾的电池模组M的单体电池1获得热量最少，温度升高最慢，影响了整体的加热效率。另外由于管道零部件的吸热作用和裸露管道壁面的热损耗，导致PTC加热方式存在很大一部分热量不能被电池模组利用，能量的有效利用率低。
参照图2，热风加热方式是将热风加热器A产生的热风通过电池包P的风机B抽进到电池包P里面，从而提高电池包P内部环境温度，从而加热内部各电池模组的单体电池1。这种加热方式由于采用介质是空气，比较容易实施，但是加热效率更低，电池包箱体C的IP等级低。也有将热风加热器集成到电池包箱体C内部的，但是热风加热器A占用空间大，产品的集成度差，不利于推广，同时电池包箱体C需要较大空间优化风道，以改善电池温度均匀性，导致电池包P的空间利用率低。
由这两种加热方式可以看出，现有技术的问题及其缺陷在于：热量通过流体运输，结构复杂，相关零部件多，空间需求大；热量在运输过程，损耗大，有效利用率低；随流体流动路径的热量消耗难以按需控制，导致加热功能的木桶短板效应明显；加热对象的温差大，难以控制。
发明内容
鉴于背景技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种电池单元，采用加热膜片对单体电池加热，其能根据单体电池不同部位对热量的需求而提供相应的热量，保证对单体电池加热的均匀性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种电池模组，采用加热膜片对各个单体电池加热，其能够节省空间，同时能够根据各单体电池对热量的需求而提供相应的热量，保证对各个单体电池加热的均匀性。
本发明的再一目的在于提供一种电池包，采用加热膜片对各电池模组加热，其能够节省空间，同时能够根据各电池模组对热量的需求而提供相应的热量，保证对各个电池模组加热的均匀性。
为了实现上述目的，在第一方面，本发明提供了一种电池单元，包括：一个单体电池，具有两个端面；以及至少一个加热膜片，粘接于单体电池的一个端面上。其中各加热膜片包括加热芯和两层绝缘膜。加热芯通电时产生热量，具有：导线连接区，用于与外部的导线电连接；以及加热区，与导线连接区电连接，加热区的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对单体电池加热时满足单体电池不同区域的对热量的需求。两层绝缘膜分别包覆在加热芯的两侧。
为了实现上述目的，在第二方面，本发明提供了一种电池模组，其包括：多个单体电池，并排布置；箱体，用于固定和收容所述的多个单体电池；以及至少一个加热膜片，收容于箱体内，与所述多个单体电池接触。其中各加热膜片包括加热芯和两层绝缘膜。加热芯通电时产生热量，具有：导线连接区，用于与外部的导线电连接；以及加热区，与导线连接区电连接，加热区的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对相应的多个单体电池加热时满足不同区域的单体电池对热量的需求。两层绝缘膜分别包覆在加热芯的两侧。
为了实现上述目的，在第三方面，本发明提供了一种电池包，其包括：至少一个电池模组；以及加热膜片，对电池模组直接或间接加热。其中加热膜片包括加热芯和两层绝缘膜。加热芯通电时产生热量，具有：导线连接区，用于与外部的导线电连接；以及加热区，与导线连接区电连接，加热区的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对相应的电池模组加热时满足不同区域的电池模组对热量的需求。两层绝缘膜分别包覆在加热芯的两侧。
本发明的有益效果如下：
在根据本发明的电池单元中，采用加热膜片对单体电池的端面加热，而加热芯的加热区的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，因此对单体电池不同部位提供的热量能够依据单体电 池不同部位对热量的需求而定，进而保证加热膜片对单体电池加热的均匀性。
在根据本发明的电池模组中，采用加热膜片对电池模组中的各个单体电池加热，而加热芯的加热区的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，因此对电池模组不同部位的单体电池提供的热量能够依据电池模组不同部位的单体电池对热量的需求而定，进而保证加热膜片对电池模组中各单体电池加热的均匀性。
在根据本发明的电池包中，采用加热膜片对电池包中的各个电池模组加热，而加热芯的加热区的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，因此对电池包不同部位的电池模组提供的热量能够依据电池包不同部位的电池模组对热量的需求而定，进而保证加热膜片对电池包中各电池模组加热的均匀性。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的外部PTC加热方式的示意图；
图2为现有技术的热风加热方式的示意图；
图3为根据本发明的电池单元的立体图；
图4为根据本发明的电池单元的加热膜片的立体图；
图5为图4所示的加热膜片的加热芯的示意图；
图6为根据本发明的电池模组的一实施例的立体图，其中箱体省略且加热膜片与单体电池的端面接触；
图7为图6所示的加热膜片的加热芯的示意图；
图8为根据本发明的电池模组的另一实施例的立体图，其中加热膜片与单体电池的侧面接触；
图9为图8所示的加热膜片的加热芯的示意图；
图10为根据本发明的电池模组的再一实施例的立体图，其中加热膜片与单体电池的底面接触；
图11为图10所示的加热膜片的加热芯的示意图；
图12为根据本发明的电池包的一实施例的立体图，其中加热膜片直接与电池模组接触；
图13为图12所示的加热膜片的加热芯的示意图；
图14为根据本发明的电池包的另一实施例的立体图，其中加热膜片经由风冷组件与电池模组接触；
图15为图14所示的加热膜片的加热芯的示意图；
图16为根据本发明的电池包的再一实施例的立体图，其中加热膜片经由液冷组件与电池模组接触；
图17为图16所示的加热膜片的加热芯的示意图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
E 电池单元                 3128 第四边缘加热区
M 电池模组                 3129 第五中央加热区
P 电池包                   312A 第五边缘加热区
1 单体电池                 312B 第六中央加热区
  11 端面                  312C 第六边缘加热区
  12 侧面                  312D 第七中央加热区
  13 底面                  312E 第七边缘加热区
2 箱体                     312F 第八中央加热区
  21 端板                  312G 第八边缘加热区
  22 侧板                  313 桥接区
  23 顶板                  32 绝缘膜
3 加热膜片                 4 风冷组件
  31 加热芯                5 液冷组件
    311 导线连接区         51 液冷管
      3111 第一导线连接区  6 隔板
      3112 第二导线连接区  7 水箱
    312 加热区             8 PTC加热器
      3121 第一中央加热区  9 换热器
      3122 第一边缘加热区  10 水泵
      3123 第二中央加热区  A 热风加热器
      3124 第二边缘加热区  B 风机
      3125 第三中央加热区  C 电池包箱体
      3126 第三边缘加热区  W 导线
      3127 第四中央加热区  D 排列方向
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来详细说明本发明的电池单元、电池模组及电池包。
首先说明本发明第一方面的电池单元。
参照图3至图5，根据本发明的电池单元E包括：一个单体电池1，具有两个端面11；以及至少一个加热膜片3，粘接于单体电池1的一个端面11上。其中各加热膜片3包括加热芯31和两层绝缘膜32。加热芯31通电时产生热量，具有：导线连接区311，用于与外部的导线W电连接；以及加热区312，与导线连接区311电连接，加热区312的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对单体电池1加热时满足单体电池1不同区域的对热量的需求。两层绝缘膜32分别包覆在加热芯31的两侧。
在此补充说明的是，加热区312的不同部分的额定发热功率通过热仿真分析和测试验证优化确定。
在根据本发明的电池单元E中，采用加热膜片3对单体电池1的端面11加热，而加热芯31的加热区312的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，因此对单体电池1不同部位提供的热量能够依据单体电池1不同部位对热量的需求而定，进而保证加热膜片3对单体电池1加热的均匀性。
在根据本发明的电池单元E中，参照图5，在一实施例中，加热膜片3的加热芯31的加热区312具有：第一中央加热区3121，与单体电池1的端面11的中部相对；以及第一边缘加热区3122，设置于第一中央加热区3121的四周，与单体电池1的端面11的四周相对。
在根据本发明的电池单元E中，在一实施例中，第一边缘加热区3122的额定发热功率高于第一中央加热区3121。
在根据本发明的电池单元E中，在一实施例中，第一边缘加热区3122的额定发热功率与第一中央加热区3121的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
其次说明本发明第二方面的电池模组。
参照图6至11，根据本发明的电池模组M包括：多个单体电池1，并排布置；箱体2，用于固定和收容所述的多个单体电池1；以及至少一个加热膜片3，收容于箱体2内，与所述多个单体电池1接触。其中各加热膜片3包括加热芯31和两层绝缘膜32。加热芯31通电时产生热量，具有：导线连接区311，用于与外部的导线W电连接；以及加热区 312，与导线连接区311电连接，加热区312的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对相应的多个单体电池1加热时满足不同区域的单体电池1对热量的需求。两层绝缘膜32分别包覆在加热芯31的两侧。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，采用加热膜片3对电池模组M中的各个单体电池1加热，而加热芯31的加热区312的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，因此对电池模组M不同部位的单体电池1提供的热量能够依据电池模组M不同部位的单体电池1对热量的需求而定，进而保证加热膜片3对电池模组M中各单体电池1加热的均匀性。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，参照图6、图8和图10，在一实施例中，单体电池1具有两个端面11、两个侧面12以及底面13。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，参照图6，在一实施例中，电池模组M还包括：多个隔板6，设置于相邻的两个单体电池1的端面11之间；各单体电池1的一个端面11与对应的隔板6之间设有加热膜片3。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，参照图7，在一实施例中，各加热膜片3的加热芯31的加热区312具有：第二中央加热区3123，与对应单体电池1的端面11的中部相对；以及第二边缘加热区3124，设置于第二中央加热区3123的四周，与对应单体电池1端面11的四周相对。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，在一实施例中，第二边缘加热区3124的额定发热功率高于第二中央加热区3123。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，在一实施例中，第二边缘加热区3124的额定发热功率与第二中央加热区3123的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，参照图8，在一实施例中，加热膜片3与电池模组M的所有单体电池1并排布置时的一个侧面12直接接触。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，参照图9，在一实施例中，加热膜片3的加热芯31的加热区312具有：第三中央加热区3125，与电池模组M中部的多个单体电池1的侧面12接触；以及两个第三边缘加热区3126，设置于第三中央加热区3125的两侧，与电池模组M两侧的多个单体电池1的侧面12接触。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，在一实施例中，第三边缘加热区3126的额定发热功率高于第三中央加热区3125。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，在一实施例中，第三边缘加热区3126的额定发热功率与第三中央加热区3125的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，参照图10，在一实施例中，加热膜片3与电池模组M的所有单体电池1并排布置时的底面13直接接触。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，参照图11，在一实施例中，加热膜片3的加热芯31的加热区312具有：第四中央加热区3127，与电池模组中部的多个单体电池1的底面13接触；以及两个第四边缘加热区3128，设置于第四中央加热区3127的两侧，与电池模组M两侧的多个单体电池1的底面13接触。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，在一实施例中，第四边缘加热区3128的额定发热功率高于第四中央加热区3127。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，在一实施例中，第四边缘加热区3128的额定发热功率与第四中央加热区3127的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
在根据本发明的电池模组M中，参照图8和图10，在一实施例中，箱体2包括：两个端板21；两个侧板22，固定连接两个端板21；以及一个顶板23，固定连接在两个端板21和两个侧板22上方。
最后说明本发明第三方面的电池包。
参照图12至图17，根据本发明的电池包P，包括：至少一个电池模组M；以及加热膜片3，对电池模组M直接或间接加热。其中加热膜片3包括加热芯31和两层绝缘膜32。加热芯31通电时产生热量，具有：导线连接区311，用于与外部的导线W电连接；以及加热区312，与导线连接区311电连接，加热区312的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对相应的电池模组M加热时满足不同区域的电池模组M对热量的需求。两层绝缘膜32分别包覆在加热芯31的两侧。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，采用加热膜片3对电池包P中的各个电池模组M加热，而加热芯31的加热区312的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，因此对电池包P不同部位的电池模组M提供的热量能够依据电池包P不同部位的电池模组M对热量的需求而定，进而保证加热膜片3对电池包P中各电池模组M加热的均匀性。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图12，在一实施例中，加热膜片3设置于所有电池模组M的底部，并对各电池模组M直接加热。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图13，在一实施例中，加热膜片3的加热芯31的加热区312具有：第五中央加热区3129，与电池包P中部的电池模组M接触；以及两个第五边缘加热区312A，设置于第五中央加热区3129的两侧，与电池包P两侧的电池模 组M接触。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，在一实施例中，第五边缘加热区312A的额定发热功率高于第五中央加热区3129。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，在一实施例中，第五边缘加热区312A的额定发热功率与第五中央加热区3129的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图14，在一实施例中，所述电池包P还包括：风冷组件4，设置于电池模组M的底部。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图14，在一实施例中，加热膜片3设置于风冷组件4的下方并经由风冷组件4对电池模组M间接加热。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图15，在一实施例中，加热膜片3的加热芯31的加热区312具有：第六中央加热区312B，与风冷组件4的中部接触；以及两个第六边缘加热区312C，设置于第六中央加热区312B的两侧，与风冷组件4的两侧接触。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，在一实施例中，第六边缘加热区312C的额定发热功率高于第六中央加热区312B。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，在一实施例中，第六边缘加热区312C的额定发热功率与第六中央加热区312B的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图16，在一实施例中，所述电池包P还包括：液冷组件5，设置于电池模组M的底部。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图16，在一实施例中，加热膜片3设置于液冷组件5的下方并经由液冷组件5对电池模组M间接加热。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图16，在一实施例中，液冷组件5包括多个形成冷却回路的液冷管51，各液冷管51均与上方的电池模组M的各个单体电池1的底面13接触；对应地，相邻两个液冷管51的下方对应接触有一个加热膜片3。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图17，在一实施例中，各加热膜片3的加热芯31的加热区312具有：第七中央加热区312D，与相邻两个液冷管51的一个液冷管51对应，且与该液冷管51的中部接触；两个第七边缘加热区312E，设置于第七中央加热区312D的两侧，且与该液冷管51的两侧接触；第八中央加热区312F，与相邻两个液冷管51的另一个液冷管51对应，且与该液冷管51的中部接触；以及两个第八边缘加热区312G，设置于第八中央加热区312F的两侧，且与该液冷管51的两侧接触。对应地，加热膜片3的加热芯31的导线连接区311具有：第一导线连接区3111，与第七中央加热区312D电 连接；以及第二导线连接区3112，与第八中央加热区312F电连接。对应地，加热膜片3的加热芯31还具有桥接区313，用于将第七中央加热区312D和第八中央加热区312F电连接。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，在一实施例中，第七边缘加热区312E的额定发热功率高于第七中央加热区312D；第八边缘加热区312G的额定发热功率高于第八中央加热区312F。
在根据本发明的电池包P中，参照图17，在一实施例中，第七边缘加热区312E的额定发热功率与第七中央加热区312D的额定发热功率之比为2:1；第八边缘加热区312G的额定发热功率与第八中央加热区312F的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的工作温度为-40℃～120℃。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的绝缘膜32由绝缘硅胶、聚酰亚胺或铁氟龙制成。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的绝缘膜32的绝缘阻抗为1000V/50MΩ。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的厚度为0.5mm～3mm。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的绝缘膜32的厚度为0.08mm～2mm。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的绝缘膜32由绝缘硅胶制成且厚度为0.2mm～2mm。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的绝缘膜32由聚酰亚胺制成且厚度为0.08mm～0.3mm。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的两层绝缘膜32经由胶粘、热压或织纬将加热芯31密封绝缘包覆。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的绝缘膜32由聚酰亚胺制成且胶粘采用双面3M胶。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的胶层的厚度为在0.15mm以内。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的加热芯31由铜、银、石墨、PTC、镍铬合金、不锈钢或它们的复合材料制成。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的加热芯31经由粉末喷涂工艺、改变金属过电流的截面积工艺或改变内部发热材料的单位面积密度的工艺来改变加热区312的不同部分的额定发热功率。其中，粉末喷涂工艺是利用石墨粉料，采用自动涂料机设定涂料路径、涂料流量以及涂料区域来管控分区功率的要求；改变金属过流截面工艺是利用激光刻板技术或化学析出定型工艺，实现金属导电路径宽度的变化规格；改变发热材料的单位面积密度的方法为采用排布定型的方式，比如加热功率密度高的区域金属导体排布密，加热功率密度低的区域金属导体排布稀。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的外部的导线W与导线连接区311采用先铆接再锡焊的方式连接。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的导线W与导线连接区311的焊点的拉力大于150N。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的外部的导线W采用双引线。双引线能够提高电流能力和接头的可靠性，同时还可以减小接头热阻，以便降低发热。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的导线连接区311的额定发热功率在0.05W/cm2以下。
对于上述任意方面的电池单元E、电池模组M以及电池包P的加热膜片3的加热区312的额定发热功率的范围为0.5W/cm2～2W/cm2。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种电池单元(E)，包括：
    一个单体电池(1)，具有两个端面(11)；以及
    至少一个加热膜片(3)，粘接于单体电池(1)的一个端面(11)上；
    其特征在于，
    各加热膜片(3)包括：
    加热芯(31)，通电时产生热量，具有：
    导线连接区(311)，用于与外部的导线(W)电连接；以及
    加热区(312)，与导线连接区(311)电连接，加热区(312)的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对单体电池(1)加热时满足单体电池(1)不同区域的对热量的需求；以及
    两层绝缘膜(32)，分别包覆在加热芯(31)的两侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单元(E)，其特征在于，加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)的加热区(312)具有：
    第一中央加热区(3121)，与单体电池(1)的端面(11)的中部相对；以及
    第一边缘加热区(3122)，设置于第一中央加热区(3121)的四周，与单体电池(1)的端面(11)的四周相对。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单元(E)，其特征在于，第一边缘加热区(3122)的额定发热功率高于第一中央加热区(3121)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单元(E)，其特征在于，第一边缘加热区(3122)的额定发热功率与第一中央加热区(3121)的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
  5. 一种电池模组(M)，包括：
    多个单体电池(1)，并排布置；
    箱体(2)，用于固定和收容所述的多个单体电池(1)；以及
    至少一个加热膜片(3)，收容于箱体(2)内，与所述多个单体电池(1)接触；
    其特征在于，
    各加热膜片(3)包括：
    加热芯(31)，通电时产生热量，具有：
    导线连接区(311)，用于与外部的导线(W)电连接；以及
    加热区(312)，与导线连接区(311)电连接，加热区(312)的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对相应的多个单体电池(1)加热时满足不同区域的单体电池(1)对热量的需求；以及
    两层绝缘膜(32)，分别包覆在加热芯(31)的两侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，单体电池(1)具有两个端面(11)、两个侧面(12)以及底面(13)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，电池模组(M)还包括：多个隔板(6)，设置于相邻的两个单体电池(1)的端面(11)之间；各单体电池(1)的一个端面(11)与对应的隔板(6)之间设有加热膜片(3)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，各加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)的加热区(312)具有：
    第二中央加热区(3123)，与对应单体电池(1)的端面(11)的中部相对；以及
    第二边缘加热区(3124)，设置于第二中央加热区(3123)的四周，与对应单体电池(1)端面(11)的四周相对。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，第二边缘加热区(3124)的额定发热功率高于第二中央加热区(3123)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，第二边缘加热区(3124)的额定发热功率与第二中央加热区(3123)的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，
    加热膜片(3)与电池模组(M)的所有单体电池(1)并排布置时的一个侧面(12) 直接接触。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)的加热区(312)具有：
    第三中央加热区(3125)，与电池模组(M)中部的多个单体电池(1)的侧面(12)接触；以及
    两个第三边缘加热区(3126)，设置于第三中央加热区(3125)的两侧，与电池模组(M)两侧的多个单体电池(1)的侧面(12)接触。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，第三边缘加热区(3126)的额定发热功率高于第三中央加热区(3125)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，第三边缘加热区(3126)的额定发热功率与第三中央加热区(3125)的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
  15. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，
    加热膜片(3)与电池模组(M)的所有单体电池(1)并排布置时的底面(13)直接接触。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)的加热区(312)具有：
    第四中央加热区(3127)，与电池模组中部的多个单体电池(1)的底面(13)接触；以及
    两个第四边缘加热区(3128)，设置于第四中央加热区(3127)的两侧，与电池模组(M)两侧的多个单体电池(1)的底面(13)接触。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，第四边缘加热区(3128)的额定发热功率高于第四中央加热区(3127)。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，第四边缘加热区(3128) 的额定发热功率与第四中央加热区(3127)的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
  19. 根据权利要求5所述的电池模组(M)，其特征在于，所述的电池模组，其特征在于，箱体(2)包括：
    两个端板(21)；
    两个侧板(22)，固定连接两个端板(21)；以及
    一个顶板(23)，固定连接在两个端板(21)和两个侧板(22)上方。
  20. 一种电池包(P)，包括：
    至少一个电池模组(M)；以及
    加热膜片(3)，对电池模组(M)直接或间接加热；
    其特征在于，
    加热膜片(3)包括：
    加热芯(31)，通电时产生热量，具有：
    导线连接区(311)，用于与外部的导线(W)电连接；以及
    加热区(312)，与导线连接区(311)电连接，加热区(312)的不同部分的额定发热功率不同，以在对相应的电池模组(M)加热时满足不同区域的电池模组(M)对热量的需求；以及
    两层绝缘膜(32)，分别包覆在加热芯(31)的两侧。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，加热膜片(3)设置于所有电池模组(M)的底部，并对各电池模组(M)直接加热。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)的加热区(312)具有：
    第五中央加热区(3129)，与电池包(P)中部的电池模组(M)接触；以及
    两个第五边缘加热区(312A)，设置于第五中央加热区(3129)的两侧，与电池包(P)两侧的电池模组(M)接触。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，第五边缘加热区(312A)的 额定发热功率高于第五中央加热区(3129)。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，第五边缘加热区(312A)的额定发热功率与第五中央加热区(3129)的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
  25. 根据权利要求20所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，所述电池包(P)还包括：风冷组件(4)，设置于电池模组(M)的底部。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，加热膜片(3)设置于风冷组件(4)的下方并经由风冷组件(4)对电池模组(M)间接加热。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)的加热区(312)具有：
    第六中央加热区(312B)，与风冷组件(4)的中部接触；以及
    两个第六边缘加热区(312C)，设置于第六中央加热区(312B)的两侧，与风冷组件(4)的两侧接触。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，第六边缘加热区(312C)的额定发热功率高于第六中央加热区(312B)。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，第六边缘加热区(312C)的额定发热功率与第六中央加热区(312B)的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
  30. 根据权利要求20所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，所述电池包(P)还包括：液冷组件(5)，设置于电池模组(M)的底部。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，加热膜片(3)设置于液冷组件(5)的下方并经由液冷组件(5)对电池模组(M)间接加热。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，
    液冷组件(5)包括多个形成冷却回路的液冷管(51)，各液冷管(51)均与上方的电池模组(M)的各个单体电池(1)的底面(13)接触；
    相邻两个液冷管(51)的下方对应接触有一个加热膜片(3)。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，
    各加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)的加热区(312)具有：
    第七中央加热区(312D)，与相邻两个液冷管(51)的一个液冷管(51)对应，且与该液冷管(51)的中部接触；
    两个第七边缘加热区(312E)，设置于第七中央加热区(312D)的两侧，且与该液冷管(51)的两侧接触；
    第八中央加热区(312F)，与相邻两个液冷管(51)的另一个液冷管(51)对应，且与该液冷管(51)的中部接触；以及
    两个第八边缘加热区(312G)，设置于第八中央加热区(312F)的两侧，且与该液冷管(51)的两侧接触；
    加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)的导线连接区(311)具有：
    第一导线连接区(3111)，与第七中央加热区(312D)电连接；以及
    第二导线连接区(3112)，与第八中央加热区(312F)电连接；加热膜片(3)的加热芯(31)还具有：
    桥接区(313)，用于将第七中央加热区(312D)和第八中央加热区(312F)电连接。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，
    第七边缘加热区(312E)的额定发热功率高于第七中央加热区(312D)；
    第八边缘加热区(312G)的额定发热功率高于第八中央加热区(312F)。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的电池包(P)，其特征在于，
    第七边缘加热区(312E)的额定发热功率与第七中央加热区(312D)的额定发热功率之比为2:1；
    第八边缘加热区(312G)的额定发热功率与第八中央加热区(312F)的额定发热功率之比为2:1。
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