WO2017150106A1 - 車載装置、及び、推定方法 - Google Patents
車載装置、及び、推定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017150106A1 WO2017150106A1 PCT/JP2017/004510 JP2017004510W WO2017150106A1 WO 2017150106 A1 WO2017150106 A1 WO 2017150106A1 JP 2017004510 W JP2017004510 W JP 2017004510W WO 2017150106 A1 WO2017150106 A1 WO 2017150106A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/72—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional [2D] tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar
- G01S13/723—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional [2D] tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar by using numerical data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/10—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
- G01C21/12—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
- G01C21/16—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
- G01C21/165—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
- G01C21/28—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network with correlation of data from several navigational instruments
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H17/00—Networks using digital techniques
- H03H17/02—Frequency selective networks
- H03H17/0248—Filters characterised by a particular frequency response or filtering method
- H03H17/0255—Filters based on statistics
- H03H17/0257—KALMAN filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0276—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle
- G05D1/0278—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle using satellite positioning signals, e.g. GPS
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an in-vehicle device and an estimation method.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2000-55678.
- Patent Document 1 “based on the movement distance and the azimuth change amount calculated by the movement distance calculation unit 11 and the azimuth change amount calculation unit 12 based on the detection values of the vehicle speed sensor 4 and the gyro 6, the relative trajectory calculation unit 13, A Kalman filter (error estimation) using a difference between estimated navigation data (vehicle speed, absolute bearing, absolute position) calculated by the absolute position calculator 14 and GPS positioning data (speed, bearing, position) from the GPS receiver 8 as an observation value.
- estimated navigation data vehicle speed, absolute bearing, absolute position
- GPS positioning data speed, bearing, position
- an error may accumulate in the moving distance and the azimuth change amount obtained from the observation amount such as the speed and the angular velocity observed based on the output from the sensor such as the vehicle speed pulse and the gyro.
- Patent Document 1 there is no disclosure about a technique for estimating the state of a vehicle by a Kalman filter in consideration of accumulated errors, and the state of the vehicle cannot be accurately estimated by a Kalman filter. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to accurately estimate the state of a vehicle using a Kalman filter.
- an in-vehicle device is an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle, and based on an output from a sensor, an observation unit that observes an observation amount related to the variation of the vehicle, and a Kalman filter, A control unit that estimates a state quantity indicating a state, wherein the control unit calculates a predicted value of the state quantity of the vehicle, and the observation quantity is an error of the state quantity that is in a calculus relationship with the observation quantity.
- An error of the predicted value is calculated by the Kalman filter to which an error of a quantity is input, and the estimated value of the state quantity of the vehicle is calculated by the Kalman filter based on the calculated predicted value and the error of the predicted value.
- An error of the estimated value is calculated.
- the state of the vehicle can be accurately estimated by the Kalman filter.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the navigation device.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the navigation device.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the estimation unit in the vehicle state estimation process.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining map matching processing based on the estimated vehicle state.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the navigation device 1 (on-vehicle device).
- the navigation device 1 is an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle, and displays a map, displays the current position of the vehicle on the map, searches for a route to a destination, route guidance, and the like according to an operation of a user on the vehicle. Execute. Note that the navigation device 1 may be fixed to a dashboard of the vehicle or the like, or may be detachable from the vehicle.
- the navigation device 1 includes a control unit 2, a storage unit 3, a touch panel 4, a GPS reception unit 5, a vehicle speed sensor 6 (sensor), and a gyro sensor 7 (angular velocity sensor, sensor). And an acceleration sensor 8 (sensor).
- the control unit 2 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, other control circuits, and the like, and controls each unit of the navigation device 1.
- the control unit 2 functions as an observation unit 21 and an estimation unit 22 to be described later by executing a control program stored in the ROM, the storage unit 3 or the like.
- the storage unit 3 includes a hard disk, a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM, and stores data in a rewritable manner.
- the storage unit 3 stores map data 3a in addition to the control program executed by the control unit 2.
- the map data 3a includes node information relating to nodes indicating intersections and other connection points on the road network, link information relating to links indicating road sections between nodes, information relating to map display, and the like.
- the link information includes at least information regarding the position of the link and information regarding the direction of the link for each link.
- the touch panel 4 includes a display panel 4a and a touch sensor 4b.
- the display panel 4 a is configured by a liquid crystal display, an EL (Electro Luminescent) display, or the like, and displays various information on the display panel 4 a under the control of the control unit 2.
- the touch sensor 4b is arranged so as to overlap the display panel 4a, detects a user's touch operation, and outputs a signal indicating a position where the touch operation is performed to the control unit 2.
- the controller 2 executes processing corresponding to the touch operation based on the input from the touch sensor 4b.
- the GPS receiving unit 5 receives GPS radio waves from GPS satellites via the GPS antenna 5a, and from the GPS signals superimposed on the GPS radio waves, the position of the vehicle and the direction of the traveling direction of the vehicle (hereinafter referred to as “vehicle direction”). Is expressed by calculation.
- the GPS receiving unit 5 outputs information indicating the position of the vehicle and information indicating the direction of the vehicle to the control unit 2.
- the vehicle speed sensor 6 detects the vehicle speed of the vehicle and outputs a signal indicating the detected vehicle speed to the control unit 2.
- the gyro sensor 7 is composed of, for example, a vibration gyro and detects an angular velocity due to the rotation of the vehicle.
- the gyro sensor 7 outputs a signal indicating the detected angular velocity to the control unit 2.
- the acceleration sensor 8 detects the acceleration (for example, the inclination of the vehicle with respect to the traveling direction) acting on the vehicle.
- the acceleration sensor 8 outputs a signal indicating the detected acceleration to the control unit 2.
- control unit 2 includes an observation unit 21 and an estimation unit 22.
- the observation unit 21 observes an observation amount relating to vehicle fluctuations based on signals output from the vehicle speed sensor 6, the gyro sensor 7, and the acceleration sensor 8.
- the observation unit 21 observes the vehicle speed (observation amount) as an observation amount based on a signal indicating the vehicle speed output from the vehicle speed sensor 6.
- the observation unit 21 calculates a vehicle speed and a vehicle speed error from a signal indicating the vehicle speed by a predetermined calculation.
- the calculated vehicle speed error is an error accumulated in the travel distance obtained from this speed.
- the observation unit 21 observes an angular velocity (observation amount) due to the rotation of the vehicle as an observation amount based on a signal indicating the angular velocity output from the gyro sensor 7.
- the observation unit 21 calculates an angular velocity of the vehicle and an error in the angular velocity of the vehicle from a signal indicating the angular velocity by a predetermined calculation.
- the calculated error of the angular velocity of the vehicle is an error accumulated in the azimuth change amount obtained from the angular velocity.
- the observation unit 21 observes the acceleration of the vehicle as an observation amount based on the signal indicating the acceleration (observation amount) output from the acceleration sensor 8.
- the observation unit 21 calculates a vehicle acceleration and a vehicle acceleration error from a signal indicating the acceleration by a predetermined calculation.
- the calculated vehicle acceleration error is an error accumulated in the speed obtained from the acceleration.
- observation unit 21 observes the position of the vehicle and the direction of the vehicle based on the information indicating the position of the vehicle output from the GPS receiving unit 5 and the information indicating the direction of the vehicle.
- the estimation unit 22 estimates a state quantity indicating the state of the vehicle by a Kalman filter based on the vehicle speed, the vehicle acceleration, the vehicle angular velocity, the vehicle position, and the vehicle direction observed by the observation unit 21. In the present embodiment, the estimation unit 22 estimates the position of the vehicle, the direction of the vehicle, the speed of the vehicle, and the angular velocity of the vehicle as the state quantity of the vehicle.
- control unit 2 evaluates a link to be subjected to map matching based on the vehicle state quantity estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- the vehicle speed estimated by the estimation unit 22 corresponds to the state quantity of the vehicle. Further, the speed of the vehicle observed by the observation unit 21 corresponds to the observation amount. Similarly, the angular velocity of the vehicle estimated by the estimation unit 22 corresponds to the state quantity of the vehicle. Moreover, the angular velocity of the vehicle observed by the observation unit 21 corresponds to the observation amount.
- the vehicle state quantities estimated by the Kalman filter are the vehicle position, the vehicle orientation, the vehicle speed, and the angular velocity of the vehicle. Below, the state quantities of the vehicle to be estimated are shown.
- x x coordinate of the vehicle position y: y coordinate of the vehicle position ⁇ : vehicle direction v: vehicle speed ⁇ : angular velocity of the vehicle
- the subscript k indicates time. For example, (x k + 1 , y k + 1 , ⁇ k + 1 , v k + 1 , ⁇ k + 1) on the left side of the equation (1) indicates the state quantity of the vehicle at time k + 1.
- a second term in the right side q k is the system noise (mean 0, normal distribution N with Q k is the error covariance matrix (0, Q k)).
- the error covariance matrix is a matrix of variance and covariance.
- the observation unit 21 observes the vehicle speed, the vehicle angular velocity, the vehicle acceleration, the vehicle position, and the vehicle orientation as observation targets. As described above, the observation unit 21 observes the vehicle speed based on the output from the vehicle speed sensor 6. The observation unit 21 observes the angular velocity of the vehicle based on the output from the gyro sensor 7. The observation unit 21 observes the acceleration of the vehicle based on the output from the acceleration sensor 8. The observation unit 21 observes the position of the vehicle and the direction of the vehicle based on the output from the GPS receiving unit 5. Below, the observation object which the observation part 21 observes is shown. In the following, the vehicle speed, the vehicle angular speed, the vehicle position, and the vehicle direction are exemplified as observation targets.
- v PLS Vehicle speed observed based on output from vehicle speed sensor 6 ⁇
- GYR Vehicle angular speed observed based on output from gyro sensor 7 x
- GPS Vehicle observed based on output from GPS receiver 5 x-coordinate y
- GPS position y coordinates theta GPS position of the vehicle to be observed on the basis of the output from the GPS receiver 5: vehicle observed on the basis of the output from the GPS receiver 5 azimuth
- r k is the observed noise (mean 0, normal distribution N with R k is the error covariance matrix (0, R k)).
- the Kalman filter will be described by dividing it into prediction processing for predicting the vehicle state quantity and estimation processing for estimating the vehicle state quantity.
- k is given indicates a predicted value at time k + 1 predicted based on information up to time k.
- k ⁇ 1 is given indicates a predicted value at time k predicted based on information up to time k ⁇ 1.
- k + 1 is given indicates an estimated value at time k + 1 estimated based on information up to time k + 1.
- k is given indicates the estimated value at time k estimated based on the information up to time k.
- k ⁇ 1 is assigned indicates an estimated value at time k ⁇ 1 estimated based on information up to time k ⁇ 1.
- the prediction process is a process of calculating a predicted value of the vehicle state quantity (hereinafter referred to as “vehicle state predicted value”) and an error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value.
- vehicle state predicted value a predicted value of the vehicle state quantity
- error covariance matrix a predicted value of the vehicle state predicted value.
- the predicted vehicle state value is calculated based on Equation (3).
- the calculation of the error covariance matrix indicates calculation of the values of the respective components of the error covariance matrix.
- Formula (3) shows calculation of the predicted vehicle state value at time k + 1 predicted based on information up to time k.
- This predicted vehicle state value is calculated from the estimated value of the state quantity of the vehicle at time k estimated based on information up to time k, as shown on the right side of equation (3).
- k indicating the predicted value of the x-coordinate of the vehicle position is an estimated value of the x-coordinate (x k
- T represents an interval at which the observation unit 21 observes the observation amount based on outputs from the vehicle speed sensor 6, the gyro sensor 7, and the acceleration sensor 8.
- the predicted vehicle state value at time k predicted based on the information up to time k ⁇ 1 can be calculated by an equation in which the time is lowered step by step in equation (3). That is, the predicted vehicle state value at time k predicted based on the information up to time k ⁇ 1 is calculated based on the estimated value of the state quantity of the vehicle at time k ⁇ 1 estimated based on the information up to time k ⁇ 1. Is done.
- the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state value is calculated based on Equation (4).
- the error covariance matrix is a matrix of variance and covariance related to the state quantity of the vehicle.
- Variance is the square of the error. That is, the variance of the vehicle state quantity is the square of the vehicle state quantity error. Therefore, calculating the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state value is equivalent to calculating the error of the predicted vehicle state value.
- Equation (4) P represents an error covariance matrix.
- the left side of Equation (4) represents an error covariance matrix at time k + 1 predicted based on information up to time k.
- the error covariance matrix shown on the left side of Equation (4) is calculated based on the error covariance matrix at time k estimated based on information up to time k.
- F represents a Jacobian matrix obtained from the state equation of Expression (1).
- a subscript T in F indicates a transposed matrix.
- Q denotes an error covariance matrix of system noise.
- the formula of subtracting the time of the P subscript in Formula (4) by one step It can be calculated. That is, the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state at time k predicted based on the information up to time k ⁇ 1 is the vehicle state quantity estimated at time k ⁇ 1 based on the information up to time k ⁇ 1. It is calculated by the error covariance matrix of the estimated value.
- the prediction process for example, when predicting the state quantity of the vehicle at time k, the predicted vehicle state value at time k calculated based on the information up to time k ⁇ 1 and the information up to time k ⁇ 1.
- the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state value at time k calculated based on the above is calculated. That is, the prediction process predicts the probability distribution of the state quantity of the vehicle.
- the estimation process is expressed as an estimated value of the vehicle state quantity (hereinafter referred to as “vehicle condition estimated value”) based on the predicted vehicle state value calculated in the prediction process and the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state value. And the error covariance matrix of the estimated vehicle state value.
- vehicle condition estimated value an estimated value of the vehicle state quantity
- the observation residual is calculated by equation (5).
- the observation residual is an error between the value of the observation target and the value corresponding to the observation target calculated from the vehicle state predicted value.
- the left side is an observation residual vector in which the observation residual is represented in vector.
- the first term on the right side is an observation target vector to be observed by the observation unit 21.
- the second term on the right side is obtained by multiplying the predicted vehicle state value predicted by the prediction process by H, which is an observation matrix obtained from the observation equation.
- the vehicle state estimated value is calculated by Equation (6) using the observation residual shown in Equation (5).
- Equation (6) represents the estimated vehicle state value at time k + 1 predicted based on information up to time k + 1.
- This vehicle state estimated value is calculated by correcting the vehicle state predicted value at time k + 1 estimated based on the information up to time k from the observation residual, as shown on the right side of equation (6).
- the predicted vehicle state value at time k predicted based on the information up to time k is corrected by the observation residual. It is calculated by.
- Expression (6) represents an expression for correcting the vehicle state predicted value using the observation residual and calculating the vehicle state estimated value.
- K k is used as a correction coefficient when correcting the predicted vehicle state value with the observation residual.
- K k is called the Kalman gain is expressed by the formula (7).
- Equation (7) R k is an error covariance matrix of observation noise.
- the subscript “ ⁇ 1” indicates an inverse matrix.
- the Kalman gain K k shown in Expression (7) is calculated based on the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state value at time k + 1 based on information up to time k.
- the Kalman gain K k determines whether the vehicle state estimated value is calculated with emphasis on the vehicle state predicted value or the observation target value observed by the observation unit 21. It is a coefficient.
- the vehicle state estimation value is the observation target because the error is sufficiently small. It is desirable to have a value of. This is because the vehicle state estimated value becomes a value with a sufficiently small error, that is, a highly accurate value. That is, if the value of R k is the error covariance matrix is sufficiently small, the vehicle state estimation value, it is desirable that the value to be observed.
- the vehicle state estimation value is the vehicle state prediction value. It is desirable to be a value. This is because the estimated vehicle state value has a value that is sufficiently smaller than the error to be observed, that is, a highly accurate value. That is, when the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value is sufficiently smaller than the value of R k , the vehicle state estimated value is preferably the vehicle state predicted value.
- the Kalman gain K k is set so that the vehicle state estimated value becomes an appropriate value in accordance with R k that is an error covariance matrix of observation noise and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value. It is a coefficient to do.
- the Kalman gain K k can be set to the vehicle speed sensor 6 and the gyro if the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value is accurately predicted.
- the vehicle state estimation value is set to an appropriate value according to the error covariance matrix of the observation target based on the output from the sensor 7 and the GPS receiving unit 5.
- the error covariance matrix of the estimated vehicle state value is calculated by equation (8).
- the error covariance matrix is a matrix of variance and covariance regarding the state quantity of the vehicle in this embodiment.
- the variance of the vehicle state quantity is the square of the vehicle state quantity error. Therefore, calculating the error covariance matrix of the estimated vehicle state value corresponds to calculating the error of the estimated vehicle state value.
- Equation (8) P represents an error covariance matrix, as in equation (4).
- I shows a unit matrix.
- the left side of Equation (8) shows an error covariance matrix at time k + 1 estimated based on information up to time k + 1.
- the error covariance matrix shown on the left side of Equation (8) is calculated based on the error covariance matrix at time k + 1 predicted based on information up to time k.
- the error covariance matrix of the estimated vehicle state value at the time k predicted based on the information up to the time k it can be calculated by the equation in which the time of the subscript P is lowered step by step in the equation (8). . That is, the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value at time k predicted based on the information up to time k is the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value at time k estimated based on the information up to time k ⁇ 1. Is calculated by
- Equation (8) is an error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value, which is obtained by multiplying the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value by (I ⁇ K k H). As shown in Expression (8), the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value depends on the value of the Kalman gain K k .
- the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimate vehicle state prediction value Error covariance matrix This indicates that the error in the estimated vehicle state value is an error in the predicted vehicle state value with a sufficiently small error.
- the Kalman gain K k is appropriately calculated according to the error covariance matrix of the observed noise and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value.
- the Kalman gain K k based on the accuracy of the precision and the vehicle state predicting value of the observation noise, the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimation value is set to be appropriate.
- the estimation process for example, when estimating the state quantity of the vehicle at time k, the time calculated based on the vehicle state estimated value at time k calculated based on the information up to time k and the information up to time k. An error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimation value at k is calculated. In other words, the estimation process estimates the vehicle state quantity establishment distribution based on the vehicle state quantity establishment distribution predicted by the prediction process.
- the estimation unit 22 estimates the vehicle state by calculating the vehicle state estimated value and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value by the Kalman filter.
- the Kalman gain K k is a coefficient that appropriately sets the vehicle state estimated value and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value. In other words, the accuracy of estimation of the state of the vehicle will depend on the Kalman gain K k.
- the Kalman gain K k is a coefficient that appropriately sets the vehicle state estimated value and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value according to the observation noise and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value. is there. Therefore, in order to appropriately calculate the vehicle state estimated value and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value, it is necessary to accurately calculate the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value.
- the system noise and the observation noise are white noises.
- the estimation unit 22 of the present embodiment estimates the state of the vehicle using the following Kalman filter.
- the estimation of the vehicle state by the estimation unit 22 will be described through the operation of the navigation device 1 when estimating the vehicle state.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the navigation device 1.
- the observation unit 21 of the navigation device 1 observes the vehicle speed, the vehicle angular velocity, and the vehicle acceleration based on signals output from the vehicle speed sensor 6, the gyro sensor 7, and the acceleration sensor 8 (step SA1). .
- the observation unit 21 observes the speed of the vehicle, the angular velocity of the vehicle, and the acceleration of the vehicle every time the vehicle speed sensor 6, the gyro sensor 7, and the acceleration sensor 8 output signals. That is, the interval at which the observation unit 21 observes these is the same as the intervals detected by the vehicle speed sensor 6, the gyro sensor 7, and the acceleration sensor 8.
- the observation unit 21 observes the position of the vehicle and the direction of the vehicle based on the output of the GPS reception unit 5 (step SA2).
- the observation unit 21 observes the position of the vehicle and the direction of the vehicle each time information indicating the position of the vehicle and information indicating the direction of the vehicle are output from the GPS receiving unit 5. That is, the interval at which the observation unit 21 observes the position of the vehicle and the direction of the vehicle is the interval at which the GPS reception unit 5 receives GPS radio waves.
- the estimation unit 22 of the navigation device 1 executes a vehicle state estimation process for estimating the vehicle state based on the observation target observed by the observation unit 21 (step SA3).
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the estimation unit 22 in the vehicle state estimation process.
- the estimation part 22 performs a prediction process (step SB1).
- the prediction process is a process of calculating the vehicle state prediction value and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state prediction value.
- the vehicle state predicted value is calculated by the equation (3).
- the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state value is calculated by equation (9).
- F k is a Jacobian matrix obtained from the state equation of Expression (1), and is represented by Expression (10).
- Q k is an error covariance matrix of the system noise and is expressed by Expression (11).
- C k is a covariance matrix between the error of the estimated vehicle state value estimated last time and the error of the observation amount that the observation unit 21 observes based on the outputs from the vehicle speed sensor 6 and the gyro sensor 7. ).
- Qk + 2 ⁇ Ck is the system noise.
- ⁇ k vPLS represents an error in the vehicle speed calculated by the observation unit 21.
- ⁇ k ⁇ GYR indicates an error of the vehicle that the observation unit 21 calculates angular velocity.
- ⁇ k vPLS is an error accumulated in the moving distance obtained from this speed as time passes.
- ⁇ k ⁇ GYR is an error accumulated in the azimuth change amount obtained from this angular velocity with time, as in ⁇ k vPLS .
- the vehicle speed error calculated by the observation unit 21 based on the output from the vehicle speed sensor 6 is the vehicle position. Is input as an error. That is, ⁇ k vPLS is input as cos ( ⁇ k
- ⁇ k vPLS is input as a vehicle position error
- ⁇ k ⁇ GYR is input as a vehicle heading error.
- the estimation unit 22 calculates an error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value.
- the sigma k VPLS Kalman filter type as an error of the position of the vehicle, will be described to enter the ⁇ k ⁇ GYR as an error of the azimuth of the vehicle.
- ⁇ k vPLS inputting ⁇ k vPLS to the Kalman filter as an error in the position of the vehicle will be described in detail.
- the state quantity of the vehicle will be exemplified as the x coordinate of the vehicle position and the speed of the vehicle, and ⁇ k vPLS is input to the Kalman filter as an error of the vehicle position.
- the x coordinate of the position of the vehicle is determined by the speed of the vehicle.
- the observation target is the speed of the vehicle.
- the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value at time k estimated based on the information up to time k is expressed by Expression (4), Expression (6), and Expression (8).
- k) is expressed by equation (15).
- k) is an error covariance matrix of estimated vehicle state values at time k estimated based on information up to time k.
- k) represents an error variance of the position of the vehicle.
- k) represents an error variance of the vehicle speed.
- k) represents an error covariance between the position of the vehicle and the speed of the vehicle.
- each of F, Q, H, and R is represented by equations (16) to (19).
- F is a Jacobian matrix obtained from the state equation.
- Q is a dispersion matrix of system noise.
- H is a Jacobian matrix obtained from the observation equation.
- R is a dispersion matrix of observation noise. Since the observation amount is the vehicle speed, r k is the error of the speed of the vehicle. That, r k 2 shows the error variance of the speed of the vehicle which the observation unit 21 observes.
- Equation (21) is transformed into Equation (22) when p 11 (k
- k-1 ) is the error variance of the predicted values of the position of the vehicle at time k based on the information up to time k-1.
- Equation (23) is a coefficient that is multiplied by p 11 (k
- Coefficients shown in equation (24) is "1 (correlation coefficient of the error of the error and the vehicle speed position of the vehicle) 2.” This indicates that the coefficient shown in Equation (24) is a non-deterministic coefficient of the linear regression model using the least square method. In other words, the smaller the correlation between the vehicle position error and the vehicle speed error, the larger the coefficient, and the greater the variance of the predicted vehicle position value. On the other hand, the greater the correlation, the smaller the coefficient, and the smaller the variance of the predicted value of the vehicle position. Equation (22) also shows that the variance in the estimated value of the vehicle position decreases exponentially with respect to the vehicle speed error.
- the error variance of the estimated value of the vehicle position is determined based on the correlation between the error of the vehicle position and the error of the vehicle speed. It also indicates that the error in the estimated value of the vehicle position does not accumulate due to the error in the vehicle speed. That is, in order to accumulate p 11 (k
- the speed error of the vehicle is input to the Kalman filter as a position error of the vehicle having a calculus relationship with the speed of the vehicle.
- the correlation between the vehicle speed error and the vehicle position error can be reduced by the amount of the speed error accumulated in the moving distance, and the accumulated vehicle speed error is accumulated as the vehicle position error.
- the error covariance matrix of the predicted value of the vehicle position can be calculated. That is, the error covariance matrix of the predicted value of the vehicle position can be calculated in consideration of the accumulated vehicle speed error.
- Equation (4) cannot be used as it is.
- Equation (4) the first term on the right side converts the error covariance matrix of the previously estimated vehicle state value into the error covariance matrix of the current vehicle state quantity using the Jacobian matrix obtained from the state equation. ing.
- the second term on the right side is an error covariance matrix of system noise. That is, Equation (4) is obtained by adding the error covariance matrix of the system noise to the error covariance matrix of the previous vehicle state estimated value converted into the error covariance matrix of the current vehicle state estimated value, It is a formula for calculating an error covariance matrix of vehicle state predicted values.
- the proposition shown in the equation (25) is used in the equation (4).
- Equation (25) represents an equation that holds for the variance Var () when the random variable X and the random variable Y are independent of each other. That is, in the equation (4) used when calculating the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state prediction value in the Kalman filter, the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state quantity and the error covariance matrix of the system noise are independent from each other. It is assumed that. However, when the error covariance matrix of the system noise is used as the error covariance matrix of the accumulated error, the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value cannot be accurately calculated using Equation (4). This is because the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state quantity and the error covariance matrix of the accumulated error input as the vehicle state quantity are not independent.
- the position error of the vehicle is determined as the speed error accumulated over time
- the position error of the vehicle and the speed error of the vehicle are variables that change with one change, That is, they are variables that are not independent of each other. Therefore, it is necessary to use a proposition that holds when the random variable X and the random variable Y are not independent.
- the proposition is expressed by equation (26).
- the vehicle speed error is input to the Kalman filter as the vehicle position error.
- the description about inputting the angular velocity error to the Kalman filter as an azimuth error can be similarly explained.
- the error of the observed quantity is input as the error of the state quantity that is in the calculus relation with the observed quantity, and the expression is independent of the error of the observed quantity and the error of the vehicle state quantity.
- the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state value can be calculated in consideration of the accumulated error.
- the estimation unit 22 executes the estimation process.
- the estimation unit 22 calculates a vehicle state estimated value and an error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimated value based on the equations (5) to (8).
- the Kalman gain K k appropriately represents the vehicle state estimation value and the vehicle state estimation value error covariance matrix according to the observation noise error covariance matrix and the vehicle prediction value error covariance matrix.
- the coefficient to set since the estimation unit 22 can calculate the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state prediction value considering the accumulated error, the Kalman gain K k can be accurately calculated. Therefore, the estimation unit 22 can calculate the vehicle state estimated value and the error of the vehicle state estimated value with high accuracy.
- the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimate is calculated by multiplying the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicting values (I-K k H). Therefore, since the error covariance matrix of the predicted vehicle state value is an error covariance matrix that takes into account the accumulated error, the error covariance matrix that takes into account the error that also accumulates the error covariance matrix of the calculated vehicle state estimated value It is.
- the estimation part 22 can calculate the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state prediction value in consideration of the accumulated error, the Kalman gain K k can be accurately calculated, and the vehicle state can be accurately estimated by the Kalman filter.
- the vehicle state is estimated by the Kalman filter, it is not necessary to estimate the vehicle state separately from the error, as compared with the configuration in which the vehicle state is estimated based on the Kalman filter whose error is to be estimated. It is possible to estimate the state of the vehicle in consideration of the error accumulated in.
- the estimation unit 22 calculates an error covariance matrix of the predicted value of the vehicle speed based on the Kalman filter in which the error in the vehicle acceleration is input as the error in the vehicle speed. It is good also as a structure which estimates the speed of a vehicle. As a result, an error covariance matrix of the predicted value of the vehicle speed in consideration of the accumulated acceleration error is calculated, so that the Kalman gain K k can be accurately calculated, and the vehicle speed can be accurately estimated by the Kalman filter.
- the estimation unit 22 considers the position of the vehicle and the direction of the vehicle observed by the observation unit 21 based on the information indicating the position of the vehicle output from the GPS reception unit 5 and the information indicating the direction of the vehicle.
- the vehicle state estimation value and the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimation value are calculated to estimate the vehicle state.
- the configuration is not limited to the configuration in which the estimation unit 22 estimates the state of the vehicle in consideration of the position of the vehicle observed by the observation unit 21 and the direction of the vehicle. That is, the estimating unit 22 may estimate the state of the vehicle without being based on the output from the GPS receiving unit 5.
- the estimation unit 22 is based on an observation equation having no component of the vehicle position and vehicle orientation based on the output from the GPS receiver 5. Estimate the state quantity of.
- the estimation unit 22 calculates the vehicle state prediction value based on the interval between the signals output from the vehicle speed sensor 6 and the gyro sensor 7. Calculate the error covariance matrix. Moreover, the estimation part 22 calculates a vehicle state estimated value based on the vehicle state estimated value estimated last time and the said space
- the estimation unit 22 can estimate the state of the vehicle without depending on the GPS radio wave reception interval of the GPS reception unit 5. This indicates that the estimation unit 22 estimates the state of the vehicle based on the detection intervals of the vehicle speed sensor 6, the gyro sensor 7, and the acceleration sensor 8. Therefore, when the estimation unit 22 has a detection interval of the vehicle speed sensor 6, the gyro sensor 7, and the acceleration sensor 8 shorter than the reception interval of the GPS reception unit 5, the following effects are obtained. That is, from the configuration in which the vehicle state is estimated by the Kalman filter based on the reception interval, the vehicle state can be executed with high frequency for estimation, and the vehicle state can be determined without depending on the reception environment of the GPS receiver 5. Can be estimated.
- control unit 2 of the navigation device 1 evaluates a link to be a map matching target based on the estimated vehicle state.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a road R1 and a road R2 on the map in order to explain the map matching process based on the estimated vehicle state.
- a road R1 is a road extending in the direction Y1.
- the road R2 is a road extending in the direction Y2 that is not parallel to the direction Y1.
- a link L1 is a link corresponding to the road R1.
- the link L2 is a link corresponding to the road R2.
- the mark ⁇ is a mark indicating the position of the vehicle estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- the estimation unit 22 estimates that the vehicle is located at the position M1 and is traveling in the traveling direction X1.
- the position M1 is a position on the road R1, and is a position spaced to the right from the center in the width direction of the road R1 in the direction Y1.
- the control unit 2 first refers to the map data 3a, and is a map matching candidate.
- a map matching candidate link that is a link to be acquired is acquired.
- the control unit 2 is positioned as a map matching candidate link within a predetermined range set in advance from the estimated position of the vehicle, and one or a plurality of azimuth errors between the vehicle and the link are within the predetermined range. Get a link.
- the link L1 and the link L2 are located in a predetermined range from the estimated position M1 of the vehicle, and the azimuth error between the vehicle and the link is a link within the predetermined range. . Therefore, the control unit 2 acquires the link L1 and the link L2 as map matching candidate links.
- control unit 2 calculates an evaluation amount for evaluating the link for each acquired map matching candidate link.
- the evaluation amount is based on the error between the estimated position of the vehicle and the position of the map matching candidate link and the error between the estimated direction of the vehicle and the direction of the map matching candidate link. Is a value calculated by.
- the error between the estimated position of the vehicle and the position of the map matching candidate link is the difference between the perpendicular and the map matching candidate link when the perpendicular is extended from the estimated position of the vehicle to the map matching candidate link. It is the difference in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction between the intersection and the estimated vehicle position.
- ⁇ x represents the difference between the x coordinate of the intersection and the estimated x coordinate of the vehicle position.
- ⁇ y indicates the difference between the y coordinate of the intersection and the estimated y coordinate of the vehicle position.
- the error in the estimated position of the vehicle and the position of the link L1 is the perpendicular line S1 extending from the position M1 to the link L1 and the intersection MM1 of the link L1 and the x-axis direction of the position M1. And the difference in the y-axis direction.
- the error in the position between the estimated vehicle position and the link L2 is the perpendicular line S2 extending from the position M1 to the link L2, the intersection MM2 of the link L2, and the x-axis direction of the position M1. And the difference in the y-axis direction.
- the error between the estimated vehicle orientation and the map matching candidate link orientation is the difference between the angle corresponding to the estimated vehicle orientation and the angle corresponding to the map matching candidate link orientation.
- the direction of the vehicle means the direction of the traveling direction of the vehicle.
- the estimated vehicle orientation is the direction of the traveling direction X1.
- the angle corresponding to the azimuth of the vehicle means a counterclockwise separation angle between the direction toward the east and the direction of the vehicle with respect to the direction toward the east.
- the angle corresponding to the estimated azimuth of the vehicle is the angle ⁇ 1 when the virtual straight line K1 is a virtual straight line extending east-west.
- the direction of the link means the direction in which the link extends.
- the direction in which the link extends means a direction corresponding to a direction in which the vehicle can travel on a road corresponding to the link, out of two directions along the link.
- the angle corresponding to the direction of the link means a counterclockwise separation angle between the direction toward the east and the direction of the link with respect to the direction toward the east.
- the direction of the link L1 is the direction of the direction Z1. Further, the angle corresponding to the direction of the link L1 is the angle ⁇ 2 when the virtual straight line K2 is a virtual straight line extending east-west. In the example of FIG. 4, the direction of the link L2 is the direction of the direction Z2. Further, the angle corresponding to the direction of the link L2 is the angle ⁇ 3 when the virtual straight line K3 is a virtual straight line extending east-west.
- the azimuth error between the vehicle and the link L1 is the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 2.
- the azimuth error between the vehicle and the link L2 is a difference between the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 3. That is, in the example of FIG. 4, in the equation (27), ⁇ represents the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 2, or the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 3.
- the evaluation amount ⁇ is obtained by dividing the value obtained by squaring ⁇ x by the value obtained by squaring ⁇ x, dividing the value obtained by squaring ⁇ y by the value obtained by squaring ⁇ y, and ⁇ by The sum of the squared value and ⁇ divided by the squared value is calculated.
- ⁇ x indicates an error in the position of the vehicle in the x-axis direction estimated by the estimation unit 22. That is, ⁇ x 2 indicates the variance of the position of the vehicle in the x-axis direction estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- ⁇ y indicates an error in the position of the vehicle in the y-axis direction estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- ⁇ y 2 indicates the variance of the position in the y-axis direction of the vehicle estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- ⁇ represents an error in the direction of the vehicle estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- ⁇ 2 indicates the variance of the vehicle azimuth estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- ⁇ x 2 , ⁇ y 2 , and ⁇ 2 are variances included in the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimation value estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- the evaluation amount is a value obtained by making the dimensionless by the error of the vehicle position where the error between the vehicle position and the link position is estimated, and the error between the vehicle direction and the link direction. It is a value calculated by summing with a value made dimensionless by a position error.
- control unit 2 calculates the evaluation amount of the link L1 and the evaluation amount of the link L2 acquired as the map matching candidate links.
- the evaluation amount of the link L1 is ⁇ 1
- the difference in x coordinate between the position M1 and the intersection MM1 is ⁇ x1
- the difference in y coordinate between the position M1 and the intersection MM1 is ⁇ y1
- the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 2 is ⁇ 1.
- the evaluation amount ⁇ 1 is expressed by the following equation (28).
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ x1 2 / ⁇ x 2 + ⁇ y1 2 / ⁇ y 2 + ⁇ 1 2 / ⁇ 2 (28)
- the evaluation amount of the link L2 is ⁇ 2
- the difference of the x coordinate between the position M1 and the intersection MM2 is ⁇ x2
- the difference of the y coordinate between the position M1 and the intersection MM2 is ⁇ y2
- the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 3 is
- the evaluation amount ⁇ 2 is expressed by the following equation (29).
- ⁇ 2 ⁇ x2 2 / ⁇ x 2 + ⁇ y2 2 / ⁇ y 2 + ⁇ 2 2 / ⁇ 2 (29)
- the distance l1 is smaller than the distance l2. That is, the difference between the x coordinate and the y coordinate between the position M1 and the intersection MM2 is smaller than the difference between the x axis coordinate and the y coordinate between the position M1 and the intersection MM2.
- the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 2 is smaller than the difference between the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 3.
- the value of ⁇ 1, which is the evaluation amount of the link L1 is smaller than the value of ⁇ 2, which is the evaluation amount of the link L2. Therefore, the control unit 2 determines the link L1 having a small evaluation amount as a link that associates the current position of the vehicle.
- the control unit 2 performs evaluation of the link to be subjected to map matching based on the estimated vehicle state. As described above, when evaluating the link, the control unit 2 evaluates the link based on the variance included in the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state estimation value estimated by the estimation unit 22.
- the error covariance matrix is a matrix calculated based on the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state predicted value calculated in consideration of accumulated errors, and is a matrix including errors calculated accurately. Therefore, the control unit 2 can accurately evaluate the link by using the variance included in the error covariance matrix for link evaluation.
- the navigation device 1 (on-vehicle device) includes the observation unit 21 that observes an observation amount related to vehicle fluctuations, and the estimation unit 22 that estimates a state quantity indicating the state of the vehicle using a Kalman filter. .
- the estimation unit 22 calculates a predicted value of the state quantity of the vehicle, and predicts an error covariance matrix (error) by a Kalman filter in which the observed quantity error is input as an error of the state quantity in a calculus relation. Based on the calculated predicted value and the error covariance matrix of the predicted value, an estimated value of the vehicle state quantity and an error covariance matrix of the estimated value are calculated by the Kalman filter.
- the Kalman gain K k can be accurately calculated, the state of the vehicle can be accurately estimated by the Kalman filter.
- the estimation unit 22 uses the Kalman filter to which the covariance between the error of the vehicle state estimation value calculated last time and the error of the observation amount input as the error of the vehicle state quantity is input, to thereby generate an error covariance matrix of the predicted values. Is calculated.
- equation (4) uses a proposition that assumes that the error covariance matrix of the state quantity and the error covariance matrix of the system noise are independent from each other.
- the error covariance matrix of the system noise is used as the error covariance matrix of the accumulated error
- the error covariance matrix of the vehicle state quantity and the error covariance matrix of the accumulated error are not independent. Therefore, Expression (9) according to Expression (26), that is, an expression in which a covariance between the error of the estimated vehicle state value estimated last time and the error of the observation amount input as the state amount error is input.
- the observation unit 21 observes the speed of the vehicle based on the output from the vehicle speed sensor 6 that detects the speed of the vehicle.
- the estimation unit 22 calculates an error covariance matrix of predicted values using a Kalman filter to which an error in vehicle speed is input as an error in vehicle position.
- the accumulated vehicle speed error can be taken into account, and the vehicle position can be accurately estimated by the Kalman filter.
- the observation unit 21 observes the angular velocity of the vehicle based on the output from the gyro sensor 7 (angular velocity sensor) that detects the angular velocity of the vehicle.
- the estimation unit 22 calculates an error covariance matrix of predicted values using a Kalman filter into which an error in vehicle angular velocity is input as an error in vehicle orientation.
- the accumulated vehicle angular velocity error can be taken into account, and the vehicle azimuth can be accurately estimated by the Kalman filter.
- the observation unit 21 observes the acceleration of the vehicle based on the output from the acceleration sensor 8 that detects the acceleration of the vehicle.
- the estimation unit 22 calculates an error covariance matrix of predicted values using a Kalman filter into which an error in vehicle acceleration is input as an error in vehicle speed.
- the accumulated vehicle acceleration error can be taken into account, and the vehicle speed can be accurately estimated by the Kalman filter.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the functional configuration of the navigation device 1 classified according to main processing contents in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention. Accordingly, it can be classified into more components. Moreover, it can also classify
- the processing units in the flowcharts of FIGS. 2 and 3 are divided according to the main processing contents in order to make the processing of the control unit 2 easy to understand.
- the present invention is not limited by or name.
- the processing of the control unit 2 may be divided into more processing units according to the processing content.
- the vehicle-mounted type is illustrated as the navigation device 1, but the form of the navigation device 1 is arbitrary, and may be a portable device carried by a pedestrian, for example.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、本発明は、カルマンフィルタにより車両の状態を精度よく推定できるようにすることを目的とする。
y:車両の位置のy座標
θ:車両の方位
v:車両の速度
ω:車両の角速度
ωGYR:ジャイロセンサー7からの出力に基づき観測される車両の角速度
xGPS:GPS受信部5からの出力に基づき観測される車両の位置のx座標
yGPS:GPS受信部5からの出力に基づき観測される車両の位置のy座標
θGPS:GPS受信部5からの出力に基づき観測される車両の方位
カルマンフィルタにおいて予測処理は、車両の状態量の予測値(以下、「車両状態予測値」と表現する)と、車両状態予測値の誤差共分散行列と、を算出する処理である。車両状態予測値は、式(3)に基づき算出される。なお、誤差共分散行列の算出とは、誤差共分散行列の各成分の値の算出を示す。
次に、推定処理について説明する。
カルマンフィルタにおいて推定処理は、予測処理にて算出した車両状態予測値、及び、車両状態予測値の誤差共分散行列に基づいて、車両の状態量の推定値(以下、「車両状態推定値」と表現する)と、車両状態推定値の誤差共分散行列とを算出する処理である。
また、カルマンフィルタで車両の状態を推定しているため、誤差を推定の対象としたカルマンフィルタに基づき車両の状態を推定する構成と比較し、誤差とは別に車両の状態を推定する必要がなく、容易に累積する誤差を考慮した車両の状態を推定できる。
6 車速センサー(センサー)
7 ジャイロセンサー(センサー)
8 加速度センサー(センサー)
21 観測部
22 推定部
Claims (10)
- 車両に搭載される車載装置であって、
センサーからの出力に基づき、前記車両の変動に関する観測量を観測する観測部と、
カルマンフィルタにより、前記車両の状態を示す状態量を推定する推定部と、を備え、
前記推定部は、
前記車両の前記状態量の予測値を算出し、
前記観測量と微積分の関係にある前記状態量の誤差として前記観測量の誤差が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出し、
算出した前記予測値と前記予測値の誤差とに基づいて、前記カルマンフィルタにより前記車両の前記状態量の推定値と前記推定値の誤差とを算出する、
ことを特徴とする車載装置。 - 前記推定部は、
前回算出した前記状態量の前記推定値の誤差と、前記状態量の誤差として入力された前記観測量の誤差との共分散が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車載装置。 - 前記観測部は、前記車両の速度を検出する車速センサーからの出力に基づき、前記車両の速度を観測し、
前記推定部は、前記車両の位置の誤差として前記車両の速度の誤差が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車載装置。 - 前記観測部は、前記車両の角速度を検出する角速度センサーからの出力に基づき、前記車両の角速度を観測し、
前記推定部は、前記車両の方位の誤差として前記車両の角速度の誤差が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車載装置。 - 前記観測部は、前記車両の加速度を検出する加速度センサーからの出力に基づき、前記車両の加速度を観測し、
前記推定部は、前記車両の速度の誤差として前記車両の加速度の誤差が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車載装置。 - 車両の状態を示す状態量をカルマンフィルタにより推定する推定方法であって、
前記車両の前記状態量の予測値を算出し、
センサーからの出力に基づき観測された前記車両の変動に関する観測量と微積分の関係にある前記状態量の誤差として、前記観測量の誤差が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出し、
算出した前記予測値と前記予測値の誤差とに基づいて、前記カルマンフィルタにより前記車両の前記状態量の推定値と前記推定値の誤差とを算出する、
ことを特徴とする推定方法。 - 前回算出した前記状態量の前記推定値の誤差と、前記状態量の誤差として入力された前記観測量の誤差との共分散が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の推定方法。 - 前記車両の速度を検出する車速センサーからの出力に基づき、前記車両の速度を観測し、
前記車両の位置の誤差として前記車両の速度の誤差が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の推定方法。 - 前記車両の角速度を検出する角速度センサーからの出力に基づき、前記車両の角速度を観測し、
前記車両の方位の誤差として前記車両の角速度の誤差が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の推定方法。 - 前記車両の加速度を検出する加速度センサーからの出力に基づき、前記車両の加速度を観測し、
前記車両の速度の誤差として前記車両の加速度の誤差が入力された前記カルマンフィルタにより、前記予測値の誤差を算出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の推定方法。
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| JP6581276B1 (ja) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-09-25 | 株式会社ショーワ | 状態量推定装置、制御装置、および状態量推定方法 |
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| CN113631883B (zh) * | 2019-04-04 | 2024-04-30 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 车辆定位装置 |
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| CN113436442B (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-04-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种利用多地磁传感器的车速估计方法 |
| CN113792265B (zh) * | 2021-09-10 | 2024-09-17 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | 一种坡度估计方法、装置、电子设备以及存储介质 |
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| CN114689079B (zh) * | 2022-03-22 | 2025-02-11 | 南斗六星系统集成有限公司 | 一种车辆状态判断方法、装置、设备及可读存储介质 |
| CN115307642B (zh) * | 2022-08-04 | 2025-07-25 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | 车辆位置姿态数据的确定方法、装置及电子设备 |
| CN115859039B (zh) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-05-23 | 南京信息工程大学 | 一种车辆状态估计方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3425338A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
| JP6677533B2 (ja) | 2020-04-08 |
| US20190041863A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
| JP2017156186A (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
| US11036231B2 (en) | 2021-06-15 |
| CN108700423B (zh) | 2022-02-01 |
| CN108700423A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
| EP3425338A4 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
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