WO2017157334A1 - 抗pd-l1纳米抗体及其编码序列和用途 - Google Patents

抗pd-l1纳米抗体及其编码序列和用途 Download PDF

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WO2017157334A1
WO2017157334A1 PCT/CN2017/077122 CN2017077122W WO2017157334A1 WO 2017157334 A1 WO2017157334 A1 WO 2017157334A1 CN 2017077122 W CN2017077122 W CN 2017077122W WO 2017157334 A1 WO2017157334 A1 WO 2017157334A1
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nanobody
antibody
protein
vhh
polynucleotide
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French (fr)
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丁航海
黄仲廉
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Suzhou Nanomab Technology Ltd
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Suzhou Nanomab Technology Ltd
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Publication of WO2017157334A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017157334A1/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
    • A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
    • A61K51/04—Organic compounds
    • A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
    • A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
    • A61K51/1027—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody against receptors, cell-surface antigens or cell-surface determinants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/06—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies from serum
    • C07K16/065—Purification, fragmentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/62—DNA sequences coding for fusion proteins
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    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
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    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/10—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by their source of isolation or production
    • C07K2317/14—Specific host cells or culture conditions, e.g. components, pH or temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C07K2317/569—Single domain, e.g. dAb, sdAb, VHH, VNAR or nanobody®
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
    • C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
    • C12N2015/8518—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic expressing industrially exogenous proteins, e.g. for pharmaceutical use, human insulin, blood factors, immunoglobulins, pseudoparticles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biomedical or biopharmaceutical technology, and more particularly to Nanobodies against PD-L1 and their coding sequences and uses.
  • PD-L1 is a type I transmembrane protein with a total of 290 amino acids, including one IgV-like region, one IgC-like region, one transmembrane hydrophobic region, and one intracellular region consisting of 30 amino acids.
  • PD-L1 has a negative regulatory effect on immune responses.
  • PD-L1 is also expressed in other tissues such as thymus, heart, placenta, etc. Endothelial cells, as well as various non-lymphoids such as melanoma, liver cancer, gastric cancer, renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer.
  • PD-L1 has a broad spectrum of regulation of autoreactive T, B cells and immune tolerance, and plays a role in peripheral tissue T and B cell responses. The high expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients.
  • PD-1 Programmed death-1
  • CD279 is a member of the CD28 family. Its cytoplasmic region contains two tyrosine residues, one located near the N-terminus. In the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), one near the C-terminus is located in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM).
  • ITIM immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
  • ITMS immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif
  • PD-1 is mainly expressed on the surface of activated T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages. Under normal circumstances, PD-1 can inhibit the function of T lymphocytes and promote the function of Treg, thereby inhibiting the autoimmune response and preventing the occurrence of autoimmune diseases.
  • PD-L1 expressed by tumor cells combined with PD-1 can promote tumor immune escape by inhibiting lymphocytes.
  • the combination of PD-L1 and PD-1 can lead to a variety of biological changes, leading to immune regulation, such as inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and activation, inhibition of CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th1 and Th17 cells, inhibition of inflammatory cytokine release Wait.
  • Nanobodies are currently the smallest antibody molecules with a molecular weight of 1/10 of that of a normal antibody. Nanobody except In addition to the antigenic reactivity of monoclonal antibodies, it also has some unique functional properties, such as small molecular mass, strong stability, good solubility, easy expression, weak immunogenicity, strong penetrability, strong targeting, human origin. Simple, low preparation cost, etc., almost completely overcome the shortcomings of traditional antibody development cycle, low stability, and harsh storage conditions.
  • a VHH chain of an anti-PD-L1 Nanobody the amino acid sequence of which is set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO.: 1-150.
  • the PD-L1 is human PD-L1.
  • VHH chain of an anti-PD-L1 Nanobody comprising a framework region FR and a complementarity determining region CDR, wherein the CDR comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO.: 1-150 Corresponding CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, as well as FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4 separated by said CDR1-3.
  • a heavy chain variable region of an anti-human PD-L1 antibody comprising three complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, and the three CDRs comprising SEQ ID NO. Corresponding CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 in any of 1-150.
  • the three CDRs comprise CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 as shown in Table 2.
  • an anti-PD-L1 Nanobody which is a Nanobody directed against a PD-L1 epitope and which has the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO.: 1-150 VHH chain.
  • the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody has a high affinity for PD-L1.
  • the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody has a high specificity or high selectivity for PD-L1 (relative to PD-L2) and a selectivity ratio (such as OD value).
  • the ratio (PD-L1/PD-L2) is as high as ⁇ 20, preferably 20-40, or 21-35.
  • a polynucleotide is provided, the polynucleotide encoding a protein selected from the group consisting of the VHH chain of the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody of the first aspect, or the second aspect Anti-PD-L1 Nanobody.
  • the polynucleotide comprises DNA or RNA.
  • the polynucleotide has a nucleotide sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO.: 151-300.
  • an expression vector comprising the polynucleotide of the third aspect is provided.
  • a host cell comprising the fourth aspect
  • the expression vector, or a genome thereof, is integrated with the polynucleotide of the third aspect.
  • the host cell comprises a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell.
  • the host cell is selected from the group consisting of E. coli, yeast cells.
  • a method of producing an anti-PD-L1 Nanobody comprising the steps of:
  • the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody has the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO.: 1-150.
  • an immunoconjugate comprising:
  • a coupling moiety selected from the group consisting of a detectable label, a drug, a toxin, a cytokine, a radionuclide, or an enzyme.
  • the coupling moiety is a drug or a toxin.
  • the coupled moiety is a detectable label.
  • the conjugate is selected from the group consisting of: a fluorescent or luminescent label, a radioactive label, an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computer tomography) contrast agent, or is capable of producing a detectable agent
  • Product enzymes radionuclides, biotoxins, cytokines (such as IL-2, etc.), antibodies, antibody Fc fragments, antibody scFv fragments, gold nanoparticles/nanorods, viral particles, liposomes, nanomagnetic particles, pre- A drug activating enzyme (eg, DT-diaphorase (DTD) or biphenyl hydrolase-like protein (BPHL)), a chemotherapeutic agent (eg, cisplatin) or any form of nanoparticles, and the like.
  • DTD DT-diaphorase
  • BPHL biphenyl hydrolase-like protein
  • the immunoconjugate comprises: a multivalent (e.g., bivalent) VHH chain of the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody of the first aspect of the invention, as described in the second aspect of the invention Anti-PD-L1 Nanobody.
  • the multivalent means that a plurality of repeated VHH chains of the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody according to the first aspect of the invention are contained in the amino acid sequence of the immunoconjugate, as described in the second aspect of the invention Anti-PD-L1 Nanobody.
  • an anti-PD-L1 Nanobody of the invention for the preparation of (a) an agent for detecting a PD-L1 molecule; (b) for treating a tumor drug.
  • the detection comprises flow detection, cellular immunofluorescence detection.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising:
  • the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of an injection.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is used for preparing a medicament for treating a tumor, the tumor being selected from the group consisting of gastric cancer, liver cancer, leukemia, kidney tumor, lung cancer, small bowel cancer, bone cancer, prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, adrenal tumor, or bladder tumor.
  • the use is non-diagnostic and non-therapeutic.
  • an antibody comprising: the heavy chain variable region VHH according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the antibody is an antibody specific for the PD-L1 protein.
  • the antibody is a Nanobody.
  • a recombinant protein having:
  • the tag sequence includes a 6His tag and an HA tag.
  • the recombinant protein specifically binds to the PD-L1 protein.
  • the heavy chain variable region VHH according to the first aspect of the invention, the nanobody according to the second aspect of the invention, or the immunization according to the seventh aspect of the invention The use of conjugates, which are used to prepare medicaments, reagents, test plates or kits;
  • the reagent, the detection plate or the kit is used for: detecting the PD-L1 protein in the sample;
  • the agent is for treating or preventing a tumor expressing a PD-L1 protein (ie, PD-L1 positive).
  • the tumor comprises: gastric cancer, lymphoma, liver cancer, leukemia, kidney tumor, lung cancer, small bowel cancer, bone cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, or adrenal gland Tumor.
  • a fourteenth aspect of the invention there is provided a method of detecting a PD-L1 protein in a sample, the method comprising the steps of:
  • a method of treating a disease comprising administering a Nanobody or immunoconjugate of the invention to a subject in need thereof is provided.
  • the subject comprises a mammal, such as a human.
  • Figure 1 shows the insertion rate detection plot of the constructed library.
  • the lanes are as follows: lane M is a DNA molecular marker, and lanes 1-24 are PCR products for detecting the insert, respectively, and the PCR product band is about 500 bp.
  • Figure 2 is a purification map of 12 anti-PD-L1 Nanobodies.
  • Lane M is a molecular weight standard, and lanes 1-12 correspond to Nanobodies of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1-12, respectively.
  • the inventors have successfully obtained a class of anti-PD-L1 Nanobodies through extensive and intensive research.
  • the experimental results show that the Nanobodies are not only highly specific, but also can significantly differentiate cells expressing PD-L1 molecules.
  • the PD-L1 molecule on the strain (including T lymphocytes or natural killer cells NK) is highly efficiently bound, and this type of antibody can be engineered to deliver functional molecules (toxins or small RNAs) to PD-L1 molecule-positive cells. Killing or other functional studies.
  • the present invention has been completed on this basis.
  • the present invention immunizes a camel using a human PD-L1 antigen protein to obtain a high-quality immuno Nanobody gene library.
  • the PD-L1 protein molecule is then coupled to the ELISA plate to display the correct spatial structure of the PD-L1 protein.
  • the antigen in this form is screened for the immuno Nanobody gene library using the phage display technology (Camel Heavy Chain Antibody Phage Display Gene Bank) Thereby, a Nano-antibody gene specific for PD-L1 was obtained. This gene was further transferred to Escherichia coli to obtain a highly specific Nanobody strain which was highly expressed in Escherichia coli.
  • Nanobody of the invention As used herein, the terms " Nanobody of the invention”, “anti-PD-L1 Nanobody of the invention”, “PD-L1 Nanobody of the invention” are used interchangeably and refer to both specific recognition and binding to PD-L1 ( Nanobodies including human PD-L1). Particularly preferred is the Nanobody of the VHH chain as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO.: 1-150.
  • antibody or "immunoglobulin” is an isotetrameric glycoprotein of about 150,000 daltons having the same structural features, consisting of two identical light chains (L) and two identical heavy chains.
  • H Composition. Each light chain is linked to the heavy chain by a covalent disulfide bond, and the number of disulfide bonds between the heavy chains of different immunoglobulin isotypes is different. Each heavy and light chain also has regularly spaced intrachain disulfide bonds. One end of each heavy chain The variable region (VH) is followed by a plurality of constant regions.
  • Each light chain has a variable region (VL) at one end and a constant region at the other end; the constant region of the light chain is opposite the first constant region of the heavy chain, and the variable region of the light chain is opposite to the variable region of the heavy chain .
  • Particular amino acid residues form an interface between the variable regions of the light and heavy chains.
  • single domain antibody VHH
  • nanobody a single domain antibody consisting of only one heavy chain variable region.
  • VHH single domain antibody
  • CH1 light chain and heavy chain constant region 1
  • variable means that certain portions of the variable regions of an antibody differ in sequence, which form the binding and specificity of various specific antibodies for their particular antigen. However, the variability is not evenly distributed throughout the variable region of the antibody. It is concentrated in three segments in the variable region of the light and heavy chains called the complementarity determining region (CDR) or hypervariable region. The more conserved portion of the variable region is referred to as the framework region (FR).
  • the variable regions of the native heavy and light chains each comprise four FR regions which are substantially in a beta-sheet configuration and are joined by three CDRs forming a linker, in some cases forming a partial beta sheet structure.
  • the CDRs in each chain are closely joined together by the FR region and together with the CDRs of the other chain form the antigen binding site of the antibody (see Kabat et al, NIH Publ. No. 91-3242, Vol. I, pp. 647-669). (1991)).
  • the constant regions are not directly involved in the binding of the antibody to the antigen, but they exhibit different effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of the participating antibodies.
  • immunoconjugates and fusion expression products include: drugs, toxins, cytokines, radionuclides, enzymes, and other diagnostic or therapeutic molecules that are combined with the antibodies or fragments thereof of the invention to form Conjugate.
  • the present invention also encompasses cell surface markers or antigens that bind to the anti-PD-L1 protein antibody or fragment thereof.
  • variable region are used interchangeably with “complementarity determining region (CDR).
  • the heavy chain variable region of the antibody comprises three complementarity determining regions, CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3.
  • the heavy chain of the antibody comprises the heavy chain variable region and the heavy chain constant region described above.
  • the terms "antibody of the invention”, “protein of the invention”, or “polypeptide of the invention” are used interchangeably and refer to a polypeptide which specifically binds to a PD-L1 protein, such as a protein having a heavy chain variable region. Or a polypeptide. They may or may not contain an initial methionine.
  • the invention also provides other proteins or fusion expression products having the antibodies of the invention.
  • the invention encompasses any protein or protein conjugate having a heavy chain comprising a variable region and a fusion expression product (ie, an immunoconjugate and a fusion expression product), so long as the variable region is linked to the heavy chain of an antibody of the invention Variable zone is the same or to 90% less homology, preferably at least 95% homology.
  • variable regions which are divided into four framework regions (FR), four FR amino acids.
  • FR framework regions
  • the sequence is relatively conservative and does not directly participate in the binding reaction.
  • CDRs form a cyclic structure in which the ⁇ -sheets formed by the FRs are spatially close to each other, and the CDRs on the heavy chain and the CDRs on the corresponding light chain constitute the antigen-binding site of the antibody.
  • the amino acid sequence of the same type of antibody can be compared to determine which amino acids constitute the FR or CDR regions.
  • variable regions of the heavy chains of the antibodies of the invention are of particular interest because at least some of them are involved in binding antigen.
  • the invention includes those molecules having an antibody heavy chain variable region with a CDR, as long as the CDRs thereof have 90% or more (preferably 95% or more, optimally 98% or more) homology to the CDRs identified herein. Sex.
  • the present invention encompasses not only intact antibodies, but also fragments of immunologically active antibodies or fusion proteins formed by antibodies with other sequences. Accordingly, the invention also includes fragments, derivatives and analogs of the antibodies.
  • fragment refers to a polypeptide that substantially retains the same biological function or activity of an antibody of the invention.
  • the polypeptide fragment, derivative or analog of the present invention may be (i) a polypeptide having one or more conservative or non-conservative amino acid residues (preferably conservative amino acid residues) substituted, and such substituted amino acid residues It may or may not be encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) a polypeptide having a substituent group in one or more amino acid residues, or (iii) a mature polypeptide and another compound (such as a compound that extends the half-life of the polypeptide, for example Polyethylene glycol) a polypeptide formed by fusion, or (iv) a polypeptide formed by fused an additional amino acid sequence to the polypeptide sequence (such as a leader or secretion sequence or a sequence or proprotein sequence used to purify the polypeptide, or a fusion protein formed by the 6
  • the antibody of the present invention refers to a polypeptide comprising the above CDR regions having PD-L1 protein binding activity.
  • the term also encompasses variant forms of a polypeptide comprising the above-described CDR regions that have the same function as the antibodies of the invention. These variants include, but are not limited to, one or more (usually 1-50, preferably 1-30, more preferably 1-20, optimally 1-10) amino acid deletions , Insertion and/or Substitution, and the addition of one or several (usually within 20, preferably within 10, more preferably within 5) amino acids at the C-terminus and/or N-terminus.
  • the function of the protein is generally not altered.
  • the addition of one or several amino acids at the C-terminus and/or N-terminus will generally not alter the function of the protein.
  • the term also encompasses active fragments and active derivatives of the antibodies of the invention.
  • Variant forms of the polypeptide include: homologous sequences, conservative variants, allelic variants, natural mutants, induced mutants, DNA capable of hybridizing to the DNA encoding the antibody of the present invention under high or low stringency conditions.
  • the encoded protein, and the polypeptide or protein obtained using an antiserum against the antibody of the present invention.
  • the invention also provides other polypeptides, such as fusion proteins comprising Nanobodies or fragments thereof.
  • the invention also includes fragments of the Nanobodies of the invention.
  • the fragment has at least about 50 contiguous amino acids, preferably at least about 50 contiguous amino acids, more preferably at least about 50 contiguous amino acids of the antibody of the invention. Approximately 80 contiguous amino acids, optimally at least about 100 contiguous amino acids.
  • “conservative variant of the antibody of the present invention” means having up to 10, preferably up to 8, more preferably up to 5, and most preferably up to 3, compared to the amino acid sequence of the antibody of the present invention. Amino acids are replaced by amino acids of similar or similar nature to form a polypeptide. These conservative variant polypeptides are preferably produced by amino acid substitution according to Table 1.
  • the present invention also provides a polynucleotide molecule encoding the above antibody or a fragment thereof or a fusion protein thereof.
  • the polynucleotide of the present invention may be in the form of DNA or RNA.
  • DNA forms include cDNA, genomic DNA or synthetic DNA.
  • DNA can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
  • the DNA can be a coding strand or a non-coding strand.
  • Polynucleotides encoding mature polypeptides of the invention include: coding sequences encoding only mature polypeptides; coding sequences for mature polypeptides and various additional coding sequences; coding sequences for mature polypeptides (and optionally additional coding sequences) and non-coding sequences .
  • polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide can be a polynucleotide comprising the polypeptide, or a polynucleotide further comprising additional coding and/or non-coding sequences.
  • the invention also relates to polynucleotides which hybridize to the sequences described above and which have at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80% identity between the two sequences.
  • the invention particularly relates to polynucleotides that hybridize to the polynucleotides of the invention under stringent conditions.
  • stringent conditions means: (1) hybridization and elution at a lower ionic strength and a higher temperature, such as 0.2 x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 60 ° C; or (2) hybridization.
  • the polypeptide encoded by the hybridizable polynucleotide has the same biological function and activity as the mature polypeptide.
  • the full-length nucleotide sequence of the antibody of the present invention or a fragment thereof can be usually obtained by a PCR amplification method, a recombinant method or a synthetic method.
  • One possible method is to synthesize related sequences by artificial synthesis, especially when the fragment length is short.
  • a long sequence of fragments can be obtained by first synthesizing a plurality of small fragments and then performing the ligation.
  • the coding sequence of the heavy chain and the expression tag (such as 6His) can be fused together to form a fusion protein.
  • the recombinant sequence can be used to obtain the relevant sequences in large quantities. This is usually done by cloning it into a vector, transferring it to a cell, and then isolating the relevant sequence from the proliferated host cell by conventional methods.
  • the biomolecule (nucleic acid, protein, etc.) to which the present invention relates includes biomolecules existing in an isolated form.
  • DNA sequence encoding the protein of the present invention (or a fragment thereof, or a derivative thereof) completely by chemical synthesis.
  • the DNA sequence can then be introduced into various existing DNA molecules (or vectors) and cells known in the art.
  • mutations can also be introduced into the protein sequences of the invention by chemical synthesis.
  • the invention also relates to vectors comprising the appropriate DNA sequences described above, as well as appropriate promoters or control sequences. These vectors can be used to transform appropriate host cells to enable them to express proteins.
  • the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell; or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell; or a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell.
  • a prokaryotic cell such as a bacterial cell
  • a lower eukaryotic cell such as a yeast cell
  • a higher eukaryotic cell such as a mammalian cell.
  • Representative examples are: Escherichia coli, Streptomyces; bacterial cells of Salmonella typhimurium; fungal cells such as yeast; insect cells of Drosophila S2 or Sf9; animal cells of CHO, COS7, 293 cells, and the like.
  • Transformation of host cells with recombinant DNA can be carried out using conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the host is a prokaryote such as E. coli
  • competent cells capable of absorbing DNA can be harvested after the exponential growth phase and treated by the CaCl 2 method, and the procedures used are well known in the art.
  • Another method is to use MgCl 2 .
  • Conversion can also be carried out by electroporation if desired.
  • the host is a eukaryote, the following DNA transfection methods can be used: calcium phosphate coprecipitation, conventional mechanical methods such as microinjection, electroporation, liposome packaging, and the like.
  • the obtained transformant can be cultured by a conventional method to express the polypeptide encoded by the gene of the present invention.
  • the medium used in the culture may be selected from various conventional media depending on the host cell used.
  • the cultivation is carried out under conditions suitable for the growth of the host cell.
  • the selected promoter is induced by a suitable method (such as temperature conversion or chemical induction) and the cells are cultured for a further period of time.
  • the recombinant polypeptide in the above method can be expressed intracellularly, or on the cell membrane, or secreted outside the cell.
  • the recombinant protein can be isolated and purified by various separation methods using its physical, chemical, and other properties. These methods are well known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, conventional renaturation treatment, treatment with a protein precipitant (salting method), centrifugation, osmotic sterilizing, super treatment, ultracentrifugation, molecular sieve chromatography (gel filtration), adsorption layer Analysis, ion exchange chromatography, high performance liquid layer Analysis (HPLC) and various other liquid chromatography techniques and combinations of these methods.
  • the antibodies of the invention may be used alone or in combination or in combination with a detectable label (for diagnostic purposes), a therapeutic agent, a PK (protein kinase) modifying moiety, or a combination of any of these.
  • Detectable labels for diagnostic purposes include, but are not limited to, fluorescent or luminescent labels, radioactive labels, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computer tomography) contrast agents, or capable of producing detectable products. Enzyme.
  • Therapeutic agents that can be bound or conjugated to the antibodies of the invention include, but are not limited to: 1. radionuclides; 2. biotoxicity; 3. cytokines such as IL-2, etc.; 4. gold nanoparticles/nanorods; Particles; 6. liposomes; 7. nanomagnetic particles; 8. prodrug activating enzymes (eg, DT-diaphorase (DTD) or biphenyl hydrolase-like protein (BPHL)); 10. chemotherapeutic agents ( For example, cisplatin) or any form of nanoparticles, and the like.
  • DTD DT-diaphorase
  • BPHL biphenyl hydrolase-like protein
  • the invention also provides a composition.
  • the composition is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above antibody or active fragment thereof or a fusion protein thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • these materials can be formulated in a non-toxic, inert, and pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carrier medium wherein the pH is usually from about 5 to about 8, preferably from about 6 to about 8, although the pH may be The nature of the formulation and the condition to be treated vary.
  • the formulated pharmaceutical compositions can be administered by conventional routes including, but not limited to, intratumoral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, or topical administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be directly used for binding to a PD-L1 protein molecule, and thus can be used for treating a tumor.
  • other therapeutic agents can be used simultaneously.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains a safe and effective amount (e.g., 0.001 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 90% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 80% by weight) of the above-described Nanobody of the present invention (or a conjugate thereof) and pharmaceutically An acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a safe and effective amount e.g., 0.001 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 90% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 80% by weight
  • Such carriers include, but are not limited to, saline, buffer, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation should be matched to the mode of administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared in the form of an injection, for example, by a conventional method using physiological saline or an aqueous solution containing glucose and other adjuvants.
  • compositions such as injections and solutions are preferably prepared under sterile conditions.
  • the amount of active ingredient administered is a therapeutically effective amount, for example from about 10 micrograms per kilogram body weight to about 50 milligrams per kilogram body weight per day.
  • the polypeptides of the invention may also be used with other therapeutic agents.
  • a safe and effective amount of the immunoconjugate is administered to the mammal, wherein the safe and effective amount is typically at least about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, and in most cases no more than about 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, Preferably, the dosage is from about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight to about 10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
  • specific doses should also consider factors such as the route of administration, the health of the patient, etc., which are within the skill of the skilled physician.
  • the Nanobody is provided with a detectable label. More preferably, the label is selected from the group consisting of an isotope, a colloidal gold label, a colored label or a fluorescent label.
  • the colloidal gold label can be carried out by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody is labeled with colloidal gold to obtain a colloidal gold-labeled Nanobody.
  • the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody of the present invention has good specificity and high potency.
  • the invention also relates to methods of detecting PD-L1 protein.
  • the method steps are substantially as follows: obtaining a cell and/or tissue sample; dissolving the sample in a medium; detecting the level of PD-L1 protein in the dissolved sample.
  • the sample to be used is not particularly limited, and a representative example is a cell-containing sample present in the cell preservation solution.
  • the present invention also provides a kit comprising the antibody (or a fragment thereof) or a test plate of the present invention.
  • the kit further comprises a container, instructions for use, a buffer, and the like.
  • the present invention also provides a detection kit for detecting PD-L1 levels, the kit comprising an antibody recognizing a PD-L1 protein, a lysis medium for dissolving a sample, and a detection of a desired universal reagent and a buffer, such as various Buffer, detection mark, substrate detection, etc.
  • the test kit can be an in vitro diagnostic device.
  • the Nanobody of the present invention has a wide range of biological application value and clinical application value, and its application relates to various fields such as diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to PD-L1, basic medical research, and biological research.
  • a preferred application is for clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy for PD-L1.
  • Nanobody of the present invention is highly specific for a human PD-L1 protein having the correct spatial structure.
  • the nanobody of the present invention has a strong affinity.
  • the ligation product was transformed into a conventional competent cell TG1, and a PD-L1 nanobody library was constructed and the storage capacity was determined.
  • the size of the storage was 1.5 ⁇ 10 9 .
  • Figure 1 shows the results of the insertion rate assay of the constructed single domain antibody library. The test results showed that the insertion rate of the library reached about 100%.
  • Example 3 Screening for specific single positive clones by ELISA using phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • a crude antibody was obtained by an infiltration method, and the antibody was transferred to an antigen-coated ELISA plate and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • the gene sequences of the individual clones were determined according to the sequence alignment software Vector NTI, and a total of 150 different antibodies were finally determined.
  • the nucleotide sequence of the antibody VHH chain thereof is shown in SEQ ID NO.: 1-150, respectively.
  • the amino acid sequence thereof is SEQ ID NO.: n
  • the corresponding coding sequence is SEQ ID NO.: 150+n.
  • sequences of 150 strains of Nanobodies are as follows, wherein the three CDR regions of the 1-12 strain of Nanobodies are underlined, respectively.
  • VHH chains were divided into four categories according to the OD ratio (experimental group (A 405 nm) / control group (A 405 nm)), and the classification results are shown in Table 3.
  • Example 4 Nanobody expression and purification in host strain Escherichia coli:
  • Example 3 sequencing analysis For the Example 3 sequencing analysis, different clones (150 Nanobodies in Table 2) were obtained, and each corresponding plasmid was electrotransformed into Escherichia coli WK6, and coated with LA+glucose containing ampicillin Cultured on a culture plate with glucose at 37 ° C overnight;
  • Fig. 2 the purification results of the 1-12 strain anti-PD-L1 Nanobody (SEQ ID NO.: 1-12) are shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the figure was subjected to electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE of anti-PD-L1 Nanobody after purification by nickel column resin gel affinity chromatography.
  • the results showed that the anti-PD-L1 Nanobody could achieve a purity of over 95% after the purification process.
  • Example 5 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify the specificity of 12 purified Nanobodies:
  • Each purified Nanobody was diluted to 10 ⁇ g/mL, and 100 ⁇ L of each of the purified Nanobodies was incubated with the coated PD-L1, PD-L2 and the blank control group, and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • Nanobody of PD-L1 was detected by flow cytometry.
  • the PD-L1 full-length gene and the PD-L2 full-length gene were transiently transfected in a conventional 293F cell, and a Nanobody (SEQ ID NO.: 1) in which PD-L1 was incubated was selected for flow cytometry.
  • Nanobody (SEQ ID NO.: 1) is 55% positive for PD-L1 transient cells, 0.1% for PD-L2 transient cells, and the difference is at least about 550 times, which further suggests The inventive Nanobody has a very superior specificity for PD-L1.

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Abstract

提供一类抗人PD-L1的特异性纳米抗体及其VHH链，编码上述纳米抗体或其VHH链的编码序列、相应的表达载体和宿主细胞，以及生产所述抗体的方法。

Description

抗PD-L1纳米抗体及其编码序列和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学或生物制药技术领域，更具体地涉及针对PD-L1的纳米抗体及其编码序列和用途。
背景技术
程序性死亡因子1配体1(programmed death 1 ligand 1，PD-L1)又称CD274，为B7家族成员，是PD-1的配体。PD-L1属于I型跨膜蛋白，共290个氨基酸，包含1个IgV样区、1个IgC样区、1个跨膜疏水区和1个由30个氨基酸组成的胞内区。
与其他B7家族分子不同的是，PD-L1具有负向调节免疫应答的作用。研究发现，PD-L1主要表达于活化的T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞等，除淋巴细胞外，PD-L1也表达于其他多种组织如胸腺、心脏、胎盘等的内皮细胞，以及各类非淋巴系如黑色素瘤、肝癌、胃癌、肾细胞癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、食道癌、头颈癌等。PD-L1在调节自身反应性T、B细胞和免疫耐受方面具有一定广泛性，并且在外周组织T和B细胞应答起作用。PD-L1在肿瘤细胞上的高表达与癌症患者的不良预后相关。
与PD-L1相结合的程序性死亡因子1(programmed death-1，PD-1)又称CD279，是CD28家族成员，其胞质区含有2个酪氨酸残基，靠近N端的1个位于免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序(immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif，ITIM)中，靠近C端的1个位于免疫受体酪氨酸转化基序(immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif，ITSM)中。PD-1主要表达在活化的T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞表面。在正常情况下，PD-1能够抑制T淋巴细胞的功能，促进Treg的功能，从而抑制自身免疫应答，防止自身免疫性疾病的发生。但在肿瘤的发生中，肿瘤细胞表达的PD-L1与PD-1结合后却能通过对淋巴细胞的抑制性作用促进肿瘤的免疫逃逸。PD-L1与PD-1的结合可导致多种生物学变化，引起免疫调控，如能够抑制淋巴细胞的增殖和活化、抑制CD4+T细胞向Th1和Th17细胞分化、抑制炎性细胞因子的释放等。
单克隆抗体在癌症的检测及生物靶向治疗方面成功的应用，引起了肿瘤治疗的变革。然而，传统的单抗(150kD)分子质量过大，难穿透组织，造成肿瘤区域的有效浓度较低，治疗效果不充分；传统的抗体具有很高的免疫原性，而改造的抗体很难达到原来的亲和力。此外，完全人源化的传统抗体开发周期长，生产成本高，稳定性不够等诸多因素限制其在临床中的应用及普及。
纳米抗体是目前最小的抗体分子，其分子量是普通抗体的1/10。纳米抗体除 具备单克隆抗体的抗原反应性外，还拥有一些独特的功能特性，如分子质量小，稳定性强、可溶性好、易表达、免疫原性弱、穿透性强、靶向性强、人源化简单，制备成本低廉等，几乎完美克服了传统抗体开发周期长，稳定性较低，保存条件苛刻等缺陷。
然而，目前本领域尚缺乏令人满意的针对PD-L1的纳米抗体。因此，本领域迫切需要开发新的有效针对PD-L1的特异性纳米抗体。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一类有效针对PD-L1的特异性纳米抗体。
在本发明的第一方面，提供了一种抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链，所述VHH链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.:1-150中任一所示。
在另一优选例中，所述的PD-L1为人PD-L1。
此外，还提供一种抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链，所述的VHH包括框架区FR和互补决定区CDR，其中，所述的CDR包括SEQ ID NO.:1-150中任一序列中相应的CDR1、CDR2和CDR3，以及被所述CDR1-3所隔开的FR1、FR2、FR3和FR4。
此外，还提供一种抗人PD-L1抗体的重链可变区，所述的重链可变区包括三个互补决定区CDR1、CDR2、和CDR3，并且3个CDR包括SEQ ID NO.:1-150中任一序列中相应的CDR1、CDR2和CDR3。
在另一优选例中，所述的3个CDR包括如表2所示的CDR1、CDR2和CDR3。
在本发明的第二方面，提供了一种抗PD-L1纳米抗体，它是针对PD-L1表位的纳米抗体，并且具有如SEQ ID NO.:1-150中任一所示的氨基酸序列的VHH链。在另一优选例中，所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体具有针对PD-L1的高亲和力。
在另一优选例中，所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体具有针对PD-L1的高特异性或高选择性(相对于针对PD－L2而言)非常高，其选择性比值(如OD值之比)(PD-L1/PD-L2)高达≥20，较佳地20-40，或21-35。
在本发明的第三方面，提供了一种多核苷酸，所述多核苷酸编码选自下组的蛋白质：第一方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链，或第二方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体。
在另一优选例中，所述的多核苷酸包括DNA或RNA。
在另一优选例中，所述的多核苷酸具有如SEQ ID NO.:151-300中任一所示的核苷酸序列。
在本发明的第四方面，提供了一种表达载体，所述表达载体含有第三方面所述的多核苷酸。
在本发明的第五方面，提供了一种宿主细胞，所述宿主细胞含有第四方面所 述的表达载体，或其基因组中整合有第三方面所述的多核苷酸。
在另一优选例中，所述的宿主细胞包括原核细胞或真核细胞。
在另一优选例中，所述的宿主细胞选自下组：大肠杆菌、酵母细胞。
在本发明的第六方面，提供了一种产生抗PD-L1纳米抗体的方法，包括步骤：
(a)在适合产生纳米抗体的条件下，培养第五方面所述的宿主细胞，从而获得含所述抗PD-L1纳米抗体的培养物；以及
(b)从所述培养物中分离或回收所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体。
在另一优选例中，所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体具有如SEQ ID NO.:1-150中任一所示的氨基酸序列。
在本发明的第七方面，提供了一种免疫偶联物，该免疫偶联物含有：
(a)如第一方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链、或如第二方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体；和
(b)选自下组的偶联部分：可检测标记物、药物、毒素、细胞因子、放射性核素、或酶。
在另一优选例中，所述偶联部分为药物或毒素。
在另一优选例中，所述偶联部分为可检测标记物。
在另一优选例中，所述偶联物选自：荧光或发光标记物、放射性标记物、MRI(磁共振成像)或CT(电子计算机X射线断层扫描技术)造影剂、或能够产生可检测产物的酶、放射性核素、生物毒素、细胞因子(如IL-2等)、抗体、抗体Fc片段、抗体scFv片段、金纳米颗粒/纳米棒、病毒颗粒、脂质体、纳米磁粒、前药激活酶(例如，DT-心肌黄酶(DTD)或联苯基水解酶-样蛋白质(BPHL))、化疗剂(例如，顺铂)或任何形式的纳米颗粒等。
在另一优选例中，所述免疫偶联物含有：多价(如二价)的如本发明第一方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链、如本发明第二方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体。所述多价是指，在所述免疫偶联物的氨基酸序列中包含多个重复的如本发明第一方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链、如本发明第二方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体。
在本发明的第八方面，提供了本发明所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的用途，它被用于制备(a)用于检测PD-L1分子的试剂；(b)用于治疗肿瘤的药物。
在另一优选例中，所述的检测包括流式检测、细胞免疫荧光检测。
在本发明的第九方面，提供了一种药物组合物，含有：
(i)如本发明第一方面所述的VHH、如本发明第二方面所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体、或如本发明第七方面所述的免疫偶联物；以及
(ii)药学上可接受的载体。
在另一优选例中，所述的药物组合物为注射剂型。
在另一优选例中，所述的药物组合物用于制备治疗肿瘤的药物，所述的肿瘤选自下组：胃癌、肝癌、白血病、肾脏肿瘤、肺癌、小肠癌、骨癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、大肠癌、前列腺癌、宫颈癌、淋巴癌、肾上腺肿瘤、或膀胱肿瘤。
本发明的第十方面，提供了本发明所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的一种或多种的用途：
(i)用于检测人PD-L1分子；
(ii)用于流式检测；
(iii)用于细胞免疫荧光检测；
(iv)用于治疗肿瘤；
(v)用于肿瘤诊断。
在另一优选例中，所述用途为非诊断的和非治疗的。
在本发明的第十一方面，还提供了一种抗体，所述抗体具有：如本发明第一方面所述的重链可变区VHH。
在另一优选例中，所述的抗体为特异性抗PD-L1蛋白的抗体。
在另一优选例中，所述抗体为纳米抗体。
在本发明的第十二方面，提供了一种重组蛋白，所述的重组蛋白具有：
(i)如本发明第一方面所述的重链可变区VHH的序列或如本发明第二方面所述的纳米抗体的序列；以及
(ii)任选的协助表达和/或纯化的标签序列。
在另一优选例中，所述的标签序列包括6His标签和HA标签
在另一优选例中，所述的重组蛋白特异性结合于PD-L1蛋白。
在本发明的第十三方面，提供了如本发明第一方面所述的重链可变区VHH、如本发明第二方面所述的纳米抗体、或如本发明第七方面所述的免疫偶联物的用途，它们被用于制备药剂、试剂、检测板或试剂盒；
其中，所述试剂、检测板或试剂盒用于：检测样品中PD-L1蛋白；
其中，所述药剂用于治疗或预防表达PD-L1蛋白(即PD-L1阳性)的肿瘤。
在另一优选例中，所述肿瘤包括：胃癌、淋巴瘤、肝癌、白血病、肾脏肿瘤、肺癌、小肠癌、骨癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、大肠癌、前列腺癌、或肾上腺肿瘤。
在本发明的第十四方面，提供了一种检测样品中PD-L1蛋白的方法，所述方法包括步骤：
(1)将样品与本发明第二方面所述的纳米抗体接触；
(2)检测是否形成抗原-抗体复合物，其中形成复合物就表示样品中存在PD-L1蛋白。
在本发明的第十五方面，提供了一种治疗疾病的方法，所述方法包括，给需要的对象施用本发明的纳米抗体或免疫偶联物。
在另一优选例中，所述的对象包括哺乳动物，如人。
应理解，在本发明范围内中，本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合，从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅，在此不再一一累述。
附图说明
图1显示了构建文库的插入率检测图。各泳道如下：泳道M为DNA分子标记，泳道1-24分别为检测插入片段的PCR产物，PCR产物带约为500bp。
图2是12株抗PD-L1纳米抗体纯化图。泳道M为分子量标准品，泳道1-12分别对应SEQ ID NO.:1-12氨基酸序列的纳米抗体。
具体实施方式
本发明人通过广泛而深入的研究，经过大量的筛选，成功获得一类抗PD-L1纳米抗体，实验结果表明，所述纳米抗体不仅特异性高，而且能够显著与表达PD-L1分子的细胞株(包括T淋巴细胞或自然杀伤细胞NK)上的PD-L1分子进行高效结合，可以通过对这一类抗体改造来递送功能性分子(毒素或者小分子RNA)对PD-L1分子阳性细胞进行杀伤或者其他功能研究。在此基础上完成了本发明。
具体地，本发明利用人源的PD-L1抗原蛋白免疫骆驼，获得高质量的免疫纳米抗体基因文库。然后将PD-L1蛋白分子偶联在酶标板上，展示PD-L1蛋白的正确空间结构，以此形式的抗原利用噬菌体展示技术筛选免疫纳米抗体基因库(骆驼重链抗体噬菌体展示基因库)，从而获得了PD-L1特异性的纳米抗体基因。再将此基因转至大肠杆菌中，从而获得了能在大肠杆菌中高效表达的、且特异性高的纳米抗体株。
如本文所用，术语“本发明纳米抗体”、“本发明的抗PD-L1纳米抗体”、“本发明PD－L1纳米抗体”可互换使用，均指特异性识别和结合于PD-L1(包括人PD-L1)的纳米抗体。特别优选的是VHH链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.:1-150中任一所示的纳米抗体。
如本文所用，术语“抗体”或“免疫球蛋白”是有相同结构特征的约150000道尔顿的异四聚糖蛋白，其由两个相同的轻链(L)和两个相同的重链(H)组成。每条轻链通过一个共价二硫键与重链相连，而不同免疫球蛋白同种型的重链间的二硫键数目不同。每条重链和轻链也有规则间隔的链内二硫键。每条重链的一端有 可变区(VH)，其后是多个恒定区。每条轻链的一端有可变区(VL)，另一端有恒定区；轻链的恒定区与重链的第一个恒定区相对，轻链的可变区与重链的可变区相对。特殊的氨基酸残基在轻链和重链的可变区之间形成界面。
如本文所用，术语“单域抗体(VHH)”、“纳米抗体”(nanobody)具有相同的含义，指克隆抗体重链的可变区，构建仅由一个重链可变区组成的单域抗体(VHH)，它是具有完整功能的最小的抗原结合片段。通常先获得天然缺失轻链和重链恒定区1(CH1)的抗体后，再克隆抗体重链的可变区，构建仅由一个重链可变区组成的单域抗体(VHH)。
如本文所用，术语“可变”表示抗体中可变区的某些部分在序列上有所不同，它形成了各种特定抗体对其特定抗原的结合和特异性。然而，可变性并不均匀地分布在整个抗体可变区中。它集中于轻链和重链可变区中称为互补决定区(CDR)或超变区中的三个片段中。可变区中较保守的部分称为构架区(FR)。天然重链和轻链的可变区中各自包含四个FR区，它们大致上呈β-折叠构型，由形成连接环的三个CDR相连，在某些情况下可形成部分β折叠结构。每条链中的CDR通过FR区紧密地靠在一起并与另一链的CDR一起形成了抗体的抗原结合部位(参见Kabat等,NIH Publ.No.91-3242,卷I，647-669页(1991))。恒定区不直接参与抗体与抗原的结合，但是它们表现出不同的效应功能，例如参与抗体的依赖于抗体的细胞毒性。
如本领域技术人员所知，免疫偶联物及融合表达产物包括：药物、毒素、细胞因子(cytokine)、放射性核素、酶和其他诊断或治疗分子与本发明的抗体或其片段结合而形成的偶联物。本发明还包括与所述的抗PD-L1蛋白抗体或其片段结合的细胞表面标记物或抗原。
如本文所用，术语“重链可变区”与“VH”可互换使用。
如本文所用，术语“可变区”与“互补决定区(complementarity determining region,CDR)”可互换使用。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中，所述抗体的重链可变区包括包括三个互补决定区CDR1、CDR2、和CDR3。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中，所述抗体的重链包括上述重链可变区和重链恒定区。
在本发明中，术语“本发明抗体”、“本发明蛋白”、或“本发明多肽”可互换使用，都指特异性结合PD-L1蛋白的多肽，例如具有重链可变区的蛋白或多肽。它们可含有或不含起始甲硫氨酸。
本发明还提供了具有本发明抗体的其他蛋白质或融合表达产物。具体地，本发明包括具有含可变区的重链的任何蛋白质或蛋白质偶联物及融合表达产物(即免疫偶联物及融合表达产物)，只要该可变区与本发明抗体的重链可变区相同或至 少90％同源性，较佳地至少95％同源性。
一般，抗体的抗原结合特性可由位于重链可变区的3个特定的区域来描述，称为可变区域(CDR)，将该段间隔成4个框架区域(FR)，4个FR的氨基酸序列相对比较保守，不直接参与结合反应。这些CDR形成环状结构，通过其间的FR形成的β折叠在空间结构上相互靠近，重链上的CDR和相应轻链上的CDR构成了抗体的抗原结合位点。可以通过比较同类型的抗体的氨基酸序列来确定是哪些氨基酸构成了FR或CDR区域。
本发明抗体的重链的可变区特别令人感兴趣，因为它们中至少部分涉及结合抗原。因此，本发明包括那些具有带CDR的抗体重链可变区的分子，只要其CDR与此处鉴定的CDR具有90％以上(较佳地95％以上，最佳地98％以上)的同源性。
本发明不仅包括完整的抗体，还包括具有免疫活性的抗体的片段或抗体与其他序列形成的融合蛋白。因此，本发明还包括所述抗体的片段、衍生物和类似物。
如本文所用，术语“片段”、“衍生物”和“类似物”是指基本上保持本发明抗体相同的生物学功能或活性的多肽。本发明的多肽片段、衍生物或类似物可以是(i)有一个或多个保守或非保守性氨基酸残基(优选保守性氨基酸残基)被取代的多肽，而这样的取代的氨基酸残基可以是也可以不是由遗传密码编码的，或(ii)在一个或多个氨基酸残基中具有取代基团的多肽，或(iii)成熟多肽与另一个化合物(比如延长多肽半衰期的化合物，例如聚乙二醇)融合所形成的多肽，或(iv)附加的氨基酸序列融合到此多肽序列而形成的多肽(如前导序列或分泌序列或用来纯化此多肽的序列或蛋白原序列，或与6His标签形成的融合蛋白)。根据本文的教导，这些片段、衍生物和类似物属于本领域熟练技术人员公知的范围。
本发明抗体指具有PD-L1蛋白结合活性的、包括上述CDR区的多肽。该术语还包括具有与本发明抗体相同功能的、包含上述CDR区的多肽的变异形式。这些变异形式包括(但并不限于)：一个或多个(通常为1-50个，较佳地1-30个，更佳地1-20个，最佳地1-10个)氨基酸的缺失、插入和/或取代，以及在C末端和/或N末端添加一个或数个(通常为20个以内，较佳地为10个以内，更佳地为5个以内)氨基酸。例如，在本领域中，用性能相近或相似的氨基酸进行取代时，通常不会改变蛋白质的功能。又比如，在C末端和/或N末端添加一个或数个氨基酸通常也不会改变蛋白质的功能。该术语还包括本发明抗体的活性片段和活性衍生物。
该多肽的变异形式包括：同源序列、保守性变异体、等位变异体、天然突变体、诱导突变体、在高或低的严紧度条件下能与本发明抗体的编码DNA杂交的DNA所编码的蛋白、以及利用抗本发明抗体的抗血清获得的多肽或蛋白。
本发明还提供了其他多肽，如包含纳米抗体或其片段的融合蛋白。除了几乎全长的多肽外，本发明还包括了本发明纳米抗体的片段。通常，该片段具有本发明抗体的至少约50个连续氨基酸，较佳地至少约50个连续氨基酸，更佳地至少 约80个连续氨基酸，最佳地至少约100个连续氨基酸。
在本发明中，“本发明抗体的保守性变异体”指与本发明抗体的氨基酸序列相比，有至多10个，较佳地至多8个，更佳地至多5个，最佳地至多3个氨基酸被性质相似或相近的氨基酸所替换而形成多肽。这些保守性变异多肽最好根据表1进行氨基酸替换而产生。
表1
最初的残基 代表性的取代 优选的取代
Ala(A) Val；Leu；Ile Val
Arg(R) Lys；Gln；Asn Lys
Asn(N) Gln；His；Lys；Arg Gln
Asp(D) Glu Glu
Cys(C) Ser Ser
Gln(Q) Asn Asn
Glu(E) Asp Asp
Gly(G) Pro；Ala Ala
His(H) Asn；Gln；Lys；Arg Arg
Ile(I) Leu；Val；Met；Ala；Phe Leu
Leu(L) Ile；Val；Met；Ala；Phe Ile
Lys(K) Arg；Gln；Asn Arg
Met(M) Leu；Phe；Ile Leu
Phe(F) Leu；Val；Ile；Ala；Tyr Leu
Pro(P) Ala Ala
Ser(S) Thr Thr
Thr(T) Ser Ser
Trp(W) Tyr；Phe Tyr
Tyr(Y) Trp；Phe；Thr；Ser Phe
Val(V) Ile；Leu；Met；Phe；Ala Leu
本发明还提供了编码上述抗体或其片段或其融合蛋白的多核苷酸分子。本发明的多核苷酸可以是DNA形式或RNA形式。DNA形式包括cDNA、基因组DNA或人工合成的DNA。DNA可以是单链的或是双链的。DNA可以是编码链或非编码链。
编码本发明的成熟多肽的多核苷酸包括：只编码成熟多肽的编码序列；成熟多肽的编码序列和各种附加编码序列；成熟多肽的编码序列(和任选的附加编码序列)以及非编码序列。
术语“编码多肽的多核苷酸”可以是包括编码此多肽的多核苷酸，也可以是还包括附加编码和/或非编码序列的多核苷酸。
本发明还涉及与上述的序列杂交且两个序列之间具有至少50％，较佳地至少70％，更佳地至少80％相同性的多核苷酸。本发明特别涉及在严格条件下与本发明所述多核苷酸可杂交的多核苷酸。在本发明中，“严格条件”是指：(1)在较低离子强度和较高温度下的杂交和洗脱，如0.2×SSC,0.1％SDS,60℃；或(2)杂交 时加有变性剂,如50％(v/v)甲酰胺，0.1％小牛血清/0.1％Ficoll，42℃等；或(3)仅在两条序列之间的相同性至少在90％以上,更好是95％以上时才发生杂交。并且,可杂交的多核苷酸编码的多肽与成熟多肽有相同的生物学功能和活性。
本发明的抗体的核苷酸全长序列或其片段通常可以用PCR扩增法、重组法或人工合成的方法获得。一种可行的方法是用人工合成的方法来合成有关序列，尤其是片段长度较短时。通常，通过先合成多个小片段，然后再进行连接可获得序列很长的片段。此外，还可将重链的编码序列和表达标签(如6His)融合在一起，形成融合蛋白。
一旦获得了有关的序列，就可以用重组法来大批量地获得有关序列。这通常是将其克隆入载体，再转入细胞，然后通过常规方法从增殖后的宿主细胞中分离得到有关序列。本发明所涉及的生物分子(核酸、蛋白等)包括以分离的形式存在的生物分子。
目前，已经可以完全通过化学合成来得到编码本发明蛋白(或其片段，或其衍生物)的DNA序列。然后可将该DNA序列引入本领域中已知的各种现有的DNA分子(或如载体)和细胞中。此外，还可通过化学合成将突变引入本发明蛋白序列中。
本发明还涉及包含上述的适当DNA序列以及适当启动子或者控制序列的载体。这些载体可以用于转化适当的宿主细胞，以使其能够表达蛋白质。
宿主细胞可以是原核细胞，如细菌细胞；或是低等真核细胞，如酵母细胞；或是高等真核细胞，如哺乳动物细胞。代表性例子有：大肠杆菌，链霉菌属；鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的细菌细胞；真菌细胞如酵母；果蝇S2或Sf9的昆虫细胞；CHO、COS7、293细胞的动物细胞等。
用重组DNA转化宿主细胞可用本领域技术人员熟知的常规技术进行。当宿主为原核生物如大肠杆菌时，能吸收DNA的感受态细胞可在指数生长期后收获，用CaCl2法处理，所用的步骤在本领域众所周知。另一种方法是使用MgCl2。如果需要，转化也可用电穿孔的方法进行。当宿主是真核生物，可选用如下的DNA转染方法：磷酸钙共沉淀法，常规机械方法如显微注射、电穿孔,脂质体包装等。
获得的转化子可以用常规方法培养，表达本发明的基因所编码的多肽。根据所用的宿主细胞，培养中所用的培养基可选自各种常规培养基。在适于宿主细胞生长的条件下进行培养。当宿主细胞生长到适当的细胞密度后，用合适的方法(如温度转换或化学诱导)诱导选择的启动子，将细胞再培养一段时间。
在上面的方法中的重组多肽可在细胞内、或在细胞膜上表达、或分泌到细胞外。如果需要，可利用其物理的、化学的和其它特性通过各种分离方法分离和纯化重组的蛋白。这些方法是本领域技术人员所熟知的。这些方法的例子包括但并不限于：常规的复性处理、用蛋白沉淀剂处理(盐析方法)、离心、渗透破菌、超处理、超离心、分子筛层析(凝胶过滤)、吸附层析、离子交换层析、高效液相层 析(HPLC)和其它各种液相层析技术及这些方法的结合。
本发明的抗体可以单独使用，也可与可检测标记物(为诊断目的)、治疗剂、PK(蛋白激酶)修饰部分或任何以上这些物质的组合结合或偶联。
用于诊断目的可检测标记物包括但不限于：荧光或发光标记物、放射性标记物、MRI(磁共振成像)或CT(电子计算机X射线断层扫描技术)造影剂、或能够产生可检测产物的酶。
可与本发明抗体结合或偶联的治疗剂包括但不限于：1.放射性核素；2.生物毒；3.细胞因子如IL-2等；4.金纳米颗粒/纳米棒；5.病毒颗粒；6.脂质体；7.纳米磁粒；8.前药激活酶(例如，DT-心肌黄酶(DTD)或联苯基水解酶-样蛋白质(BPHL))；10.化疗剂(例如，顺铂)或任何形式的纳米颗粒等。
药物组合物
本发明还提供了一种组合物。优选地，所述的组合物是药物组合物，它含有上述的抗体或其活性片段或其融合蛋白，以及药学上可接受的载体。通常，可将这些物质配制于无毒的、惰性的和药学上可接受的水性载体介质中，其中pH通常约为5-8，较佳地pH约为6-8，尽管pH值可随被配制物质的性质以及待治疗的病症而有所变化。配制好的药物组合物可以通过常规途径进行给药，其中包括(但并不限于)：瘤内、腹膜内、静脉内、或局部给药。
本发明的药物组合物可直接用于结合PD-L1蛋白分子，因而可用于治疗肿瘤。此外，还可同时使用其他治疗剂。
本发明的药物组合物含有安全有效量(如0.001-99wt％,较佳地0.01-90wt％，更佳地0.1-80wt％)的本发明上述的纳米抗体(或其偶联物)以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。这类载体包括(但并不限于)：盐水、缓冲液、葡萄糖、水、甘油、乙醇、及其组合。药物制剂应与给药方式相匹配。本发明的药物组合物可以被制成针剂形式，例如用生理盐水或含有葡萄糖和其他辅剂的水溶液通过常规方法进行制备。药物组合物如针剂、溶液宜在无菌条件下制造。活性成分的给药量是治疗有效量，例如每天约10微克/千克体重-约50毫克/千克体重。此外，本发明的多肽还可与其他治疗剂一起使用。
使用药物组合物时，是将安全有效量的免疫偶联物施用于哺乳动物，其中该安全有效量通常至少约10微克/千克体重，而且在大多数情况下不超过约50毫克/千克体重，较佳地该剂量是约10微克/千克体重-约10毫克/千克体重。当然，具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素，这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
标记的纳米抗体
在本发明的一个优选例中，所述纳米抗体带有可检测标记物。更佳地，所述的标记物选自下组：同位素、胶体金标记物、有色标记物或荧光标记物。
胶体金标记可采用本领域技术人员已知的方法进行。在本发明的一个优选的方案中，抗PD-L1的纳米抗体用胶体金标记，得到胶体金标记的纳米抗体。
本发明的抗PD-L1纳米抗体具有很好的特异性，很高的效价。
检测方法
本发明还涉及检测PD-L1蛋白的方法。该方法步骤大致如下：获得细胞和/或组织样本；将样本溶解在介质中；检测在所述溶解的样本中PD-L1蛋白的水平。
在本发明的检测方法中，所使用的样本没有特别限制，代表性的例子是存在于细胞保存液中的含细胞的样本。
试剂盒
本发明还提供了一种含有本发明的抗体(或其片段)或检测板的试剂盒，在本发明的一个优选例中，所述的试剂盒还包括容器、使用说明书、缓冲剂等。
本发明还提供了用于检测PD-L1水平的检测试剂盒，该试剂盒包括识别PD-L1蛋白的抗体，用于溶解样本的裂解介质，检测所需的通用试剂和缓冲液，如各种缓冲液、检测标记、检测底物等。该检测试剂盒可以是体外诊断装置。
应用
如上所述，本发明的纳米抗体有广泛生物应用价值和临床应用价值，其应用涉及到与PD-L1相关的疾病的诊断和治疗、基础医学研究、生物学研究等多个领域。一个优选的应用是用于针对PD-L1的临床诊断和靶向治疗。
本发明的主要优点包括：
(a)本发明纳米抗体高特异性针对人的具有正确空间结构的PD-L1蛋白。
(b)本发明纳米抗体的亲和力强。
(c)本发明纳米抗体的生产简便。
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件，例如Sambrook等人，分子克隆：实验室手册(New York:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1989)中所述的条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明，否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。
实施例1：PD-L1纳米抗体文库的构建：
(1)将1mg PD-L1抗原与弗氏佐剂等体积混合，免疫一只新疆双峰驼，每周一次，共免疫7次，刺激B细胞表达抗原特异性的纳米抗体；
(2)7次免疫结束后，提取100mL骆驼外周血淋巴细胞并提取总RNA；
(3)合成cDNA并利用套式PCR扩增VHH；
(4)利用限制性内切酶PstI及NotI酶切20ug pMECS噬菌体展示载体(购自Biovector)及10ug VHH，并连接两个片段，获得连接产物；
(5)将连接产物转化至电转常规的感受态细胞TG1中，构建PD-L1纳米抗体文库并测定库容，库容大小为1.5×109。
与此同时，随机挑取24个克隆进行菌落PCR检测，结果如图1所示。图1显示了构建的单域抗体文库的插入率检测结果。检测结果表明，该文库的插入率达到约100％。
实施例2：针对PD-L1的纳米抗体筛选过程：
(1)将溶解在100mM NaHCO3、pH 8.2中的20ug PD-L1抗原偶联在NUNC酶标板上，4℃放置过夜；
(2)第二天加入100uL 0.1％酪蛋白，室温封闭2h；
(3)2h后，加入100uL噬菌体(5×1011CFU免疫骆驼纳米抗体噬菌展示基因库)，室温作用1h；
(4)用0.05％PBS+Tween-20洗5遍，以洗掉非特异的噬菌体；
(5)用100mM TEA(triethylamine)将与PD-L1特异性结合的噬菌体解离下，并感染处于对数期生长的大肠杆菌TG1细胞，37℃培养1h，产生并纯化噬菌体用于下一轮的筛选，相同筛选过程重复3-4轮，逐步得到富集。
实施例3：用噬菌体的酶联免疫方法(ELISA)筛选特异性单个阳性克隆
(1)从实施例2中经3-4轮筛选后含有噬菌体的细胞培养皿中，挑选1000个单个菌落并接种于含有100微克每毫升的氨苄青霉素的TB培养基(1升TB培养基中含有2.3克磷酸二氢钾，12.52克磷酸氢二钾，12克蛋白胨，24克酵母提取物，4毫升甘油)中，生长至对数期后，加终浓度1毫摩尔的IPTG，28℃培养过夜。
(2)利用渗透法获得粗提抗体，并将抗体转移到经抗原包被的ELISA板中，在室温下放置1小时。
(3)用PBST洗去未结合的抗体，加入一mouse anti-HA tag antibody(抗鼠抗HA抗体，购自北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司)，在室温下放置1小时。
(4)用PBST洗去未结合的抗体，加入anti-mouse alkaline phosphatase conjugate(山羊抗小鼠碱性磷酸酶标记抗体，购自艾美捷科技有限公司)，在室温 下放置1小时。
(5)用PBST洗去未结合的抗体，加入碱性磷酸酶显色液，于ELISA仪上，在405nm波长，读取吸收值。
(6)当样品孔OD值大于对照孔OD值3倍以上时(Ratio+/-＞3)，判为阳性克隆孔。
(7)将阳性克隆孔的菌转摇在含有100微克每毫升的LB液体中以便提取质粒并进行测序。
根据序列比对软件Vector NTI确定各个克隆株的基因序列，最终共确定了150株不同的抗体。其抗体VHH链的核苷酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO.:1-150所示。其中，编号为n的VHH(n＝1-150的正整数)，其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.:n，相应的编码序列为SEQ ID NO.:150+n。
表2
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000001
150株纳米抗体的序列如下，其中第1-12株纳米抗体的三个CDR区分别用下划线标出。
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000009
再结合PE-LISA结果，依据OD比值(实验组(A405nm)/对照组(A405nm))将这些VHH链分为四类，分类结果如表3所示。
表3纳米抗体的亲和力
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000010
值得注意的是，对于SEQ ID NO.:1-86中任一VHH，其相应OD值之比高达20以上，提示其具有非常高的结合于PD-L1的亲和力。
即使对于SEQ ID NO.:139-150中任一VHH，其相应OD值之比仍高达3倍以上，提示其具有良好的结合于PD-L1的亲和力。
实施例4：纳米抗体在宿主菌大肠杆菌中表达、纯化：
(1)对于实施例3测序分析所获得不同克隆株(表2中的150种纳米抗体)，将各相应质粒电转化到大肠杆菌WK6中，并将其涂布在LA+glucose即含有氨苄青霉素和葡萄糖的培养平板上，37℃培养过夜；
(2)挑选单个菌落接种在5mL含有氨苄青霉素的LB培养液中，37℃摇床培养过夜；
(3)接种1mL的过夜菌种至330mL TB培养液中，37℃摇床培养，培养到OD值达到0.6-1时，加入IPTG，28℃摇床培养过夜；
(4)离心，收菌；
(5)利用渗透法，获得抗体粗提液；
(6)经镍柱离子亲和层析制备纯化的纳米抗体。
纯化结果表明，制备的纳米抗体的纯度均达95％以上。
其中，第1-12株抗PD-L1纳米抗体的(SEQ ID NO.:1-12)的纯化结果如图2所示。该图经镍柱树脂凝胶亲和层析纯化后，抗PD-L1纳米抗体的SDS-PAGE的电泳图。结果显示，抗PD-L1纳米抗体经过该纯化过程，其纯度可达到95％以上。
实施例5：酶联免疫法(ELISA)鉴定12株纯化的纳米抗体的特异性：
(1)包被抗原蛋白PD-L1及PD-L2：每孔0.5μg(5μg/mL，100μL)，包被NaHCO3(100mM，Ph8.2)为空白对照，4℃过夜。
(2)第二天用PBST洗涤3次，加入200μL的1％BSA室温下封闭2小时。
(3)将每株纯化的纳米抗体稀释至10μg/mL，分别取100μL与包被的PD-L1、PD-L2及空白对照组孵育，室温下反应1小时。
(4)用PBST洗去未结合的抗体，加入100μL mouse anti-HA tag antibody(1:2000稀释)，在室温下放置1小时。
(5)用PBST洗去未结合的抗体，加入anti-mouse alkaline phosphatase conjugate(1:2000稀释)，在室温下放置1小时。
(6)用PBST洗去未结合的抗体，加入碱性磷酸酶显色液，于ELISA仪上，在405nm波长，读取吸收值。根据吸收值判断纳米抗体的特异性。
检测结果如下表4所示。
表4纳米抗体的特异性
Figure PCTCN2017077122-appb-000011
表4结果显示，本发明的纳米抗体具有非常高的特异性，其针对PD-L1的选择性非常高，OD值之比(PD-L1/PD-L2)高达21-35。
此外，通过流式细胞仪对PD-L1的纳米抗体的特异性进行的检测。在常规的293F细胞中瞬转PD-L1全长基因以及PD-L2全长基因，选取其中PD-L1的一株纳米抗体(SEQ ID NO.:1)孵育进行流式检测。纳米抗体(SEQ ID NO.:1)针对在PD-L1瞬转细胞的阳性率为55％，针对PD-L2瞬转细胞阳性率为0.1％，两者相差至少约550倍，这进一步提示本发明纳米抗体具有非常优异针对PD-L1的特异性。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考，就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链，其特征在于，所述VHH链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.:1-150中任一所示。
  2. 一种抗PD-L1纳米抗体，其特征在于，它是针对PD-L1表位的纳米抗体，并且具有如SEQ ID NO.:1-150中任一所示的氨基酸序列的VHH链。
  3. 一种多核苷酸，其特征在于，所述多核苷酸编码选自下组的蛋白质：权利要求1所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链，或权利要求2所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的多核苷酸，其特征在于，具有如SEQ ID NO.:151-300中任一所示的核苷酸序列。
  5. 一种表达载体，其特征在于，所述表达载体含有权利要求3所述的多核苷酸。
  6. 一种宿主细胞，其特征在于，所述宿主细胞含有权利要求5所述的表达载体，或其基因组中整合有权利要求3所述的多核苷酸。
  7. 一种产生抗PD-L1纳米抗体的方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    (a)在适合产生纳米抗体的条件下，培养权利要求6所述的宿主细胞，从而获得含所述抗PD-L1纳米抗体的培养物；以及
    (b)从所述培养物中分离或回收所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体。
  8. 一种免疫偶联物，其特征在于，该免疫偶联物含有：
    (a)如权利要求1所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链、或如权利要求2所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体；和
    (b)选自下组的偶联部分：可检测标记物、药物、毒素、细胞因子、放射性核素、或酶。
  9. 权利要求2所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的用途，其特征在于，用于制备(a)用于检测PD-L1分子的试剂；(b)用于治疗肿瘤的药物。
  10. 一种药物组合物，其特征在于，含有：
    (i)权利要求1所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体的VHH链、或如权利要求2所述的抗PD-L1纳米抗体、或如权利要求8所述的免疫偶联物；以及
    (ii)药学上可接受的载体。
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