WO2017190368A1 - 一种组合式电极及其三电平大功率模块 - Google Patents

一种组合式电极及其三电平大功率模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017190368A1
WO2017190368A1 PCT/CN2016/081385 CN2016081385W WO2017190368A1 WO 2017190368 A1 WO2017190368 A1 WO 2017190368A1 CN 2016081385 W CN2016081385 W CN 2016081385W WO 2017190368 A1 WO2017190368 A1 WO 2017190368A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
arm
intermediate electrode
positive electrode
body portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/081385
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐文辉
王玉林
滕鹤松
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yangzhou Guoyang Electronic Co ltd
Original Assignee
Yangzhou Guoyang Electronic Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yangzhou Guoyang Electronic Co ltd filed Critical Yangzhou Guoyang Electronic Co ltd
Priority to EP16900890.1A priority Critical patent/EP3451377B1/en
Priority to US16/098,876 priority patent/US10580731B2/en
Publication of WO2017190368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017190368A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W90/00—Package configurations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W44/00—Electrical arrangements for controlling or matching impedance
    • H10W44/501—Inductive arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power electronics, and more particularly to a combined electrode and a three-level high power module thereof.
  • the power module is a power switch module in which a power electronic device such as a metal oxide semiconductor (power MOS transistor), an insulated gate field effect transistor (IGBT), and a fast recovery diode (FRD) are packaged according to a certain functional combination, and is mainly used for electric power. Power conversion in various occasions such as automobiles, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and industrial frequency conversion.
  • a power electronic device such as a metal oxide semiconductor (power MOS transistor), an insulated gate field effect transistor (IGBT), and a fast recovery diode (FRD) are packaged according to a certain functional combination, and is mainly used for electric power.
  • Power conversion in various occasions such as automobiles, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and industrial frequency conversion.
  • the positive electrode main body portion and the intermediate electrode main body portion or the negative electrode main body portion and the intermediate electrode main body portion of the power module in the prior art are often alternately arranged in parallel, and the positive electrode connecting portion and the intermediate electrode connecting portion or the negative electrode connecting portion are connected to the intermediate electrode.
  • the portion is not directly parallel, and the positive electrode and the intermediate electrode or the negative electrode and the intermediate electrode have a small opposing area, resulting in a large current loop area between the positive electrode and the intermediate electrode or between the negative electrode and the intermediate electrode, thereby Stray inductance and loss are large.
  • the combined electrode of the present invention comprises a negative electrode, a first intermediate electrode, a positive electrode and a second intermediate electrode, the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode body portion and a negative electrode connection portion, and the first intermediate electrode comprises a first intermediate electrode body portion And a first intermediate electrode connecting portion that is opposite to the negative electrode connecting portion, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode main body portion and a positive electrode connecting portion, and the second intermediate electrode includes a second intermediate electrode main body portion and is parallel to the positive electrode connecting portion a second intermediate electrode connecting portion, the negative electrode connecting portion side end extends at an angle from the negative electrode main body portion, and the negative electrode connecting portion top portion is bent out of the negative electrode lead portion; the first intermediate electrode connecting portion side end extends at an angle and a negative electrode a first intermediate electrode main body portion in which the main body portions are opposite to each other, the first intermediate electrode connecting portion is bent at a top portion of the first intermediate electrode lead portion; the positive electrode connecting portion side end is angularly extended from the positive electrode main body portion, and the positive electrode connecting portion is
  • the negative electrode lead portion is disposed opposite to the first intermediate electrode lead portion, and the positive electrode lead portion is disposed opposite to the second intermediate electrode lead portion.
  • the bending direction of the negative electrode lead portion coincides with the extending direction of the negative electrode main body portion.
  • the positive electrode main body portion includes a positive electrode first main body portion and a positive electrode second main body portion extending in opposite directions from both side ends of the positive electrode connecting portion, a bending direction of the positive electrode lead portion and a first main portion of the positive electrode The direction of extension is the same.
  • the second intermediate electrode body portion includes a second intermediate electrode first body portion and a second intermediate electrode second body portion extending from opposite ends of the second intermediate electrode connecting portion, and a second intermediate electrode lead portion The bending direction is opposite to the extending direction of the first main body portion of the second intermediate electrode.
  • the second intermediate electrode first body portion is connected to the first intermediate electrode connecting portion side end.
  • the three-level high power module according to the present invention adopts any one of the above combined electrodes.
  • the three-level high-power module further includes an insulating substrate, the insulating substrate includes a lower half-bridge insulating substrate and an upper half-bridge insulating substrate, and the lower half-bridge insulating substrate is provided with a negative electrode connection point and a first intermediate electrode connection point, The negative electrode main body portion is connected to the negative electrode connection point, the first intermediate electrode main body portion is connected to the first intermediate electrode connection point, and the upper half bridge insulating substrate is provided with a positive electrode connection point and a second intermediate electrode connection point, and the positive electrode main body portion is connected positively The electrode connection point, the second intermediate electrode body portion is connected to the second intermediate electrode connection point.
  • all of the negative electrode connection points, the first intermediate electrode connection points, the positive electrode connection points, and the second intermediate electrode connection points are arranged in a matrix.
  • any two electrodes are turned on to cause dangerous conditions such as electrode arcing and power module combustion, and any of the negative electrode, the first intermediate electrode, the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode
  • An insulating separator is disposed between the electrode or the plurality of electrodes and the insulating substrate, thereby effectively separating the conductive gas generated by the explosion from the electrode, thereby improving the safety of the power module.
  • the negative electrode main body portion is connected with a negative electrode arm located above the lower half bridge insulating substrate, the negative electrode arm is led to the left side and/or the right side of the negative electrode arm, and the negative electrode arm is connected to the negative electrode connecting point.
  • the dynamic and static current sharing performance of the power module can be improved by adjusting the width of the negative electrode arm to equalize the resistance and stray inductance of the loop formed by the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode.
  • an insulating spacer is disposed between the negative electrode arm and the insulating substrate, and the insulating spacer is provided.
  • a hole is provided in the plate for the negative electrode arm to pass through.
  • the negative electrode arm includes a first portion of the negative electrode arm that is coplanarly drawn from the negative electrode arm and a second portion of the negative electrode arm that is bent by the first portion of the negative electrode arm, and the negative electrode arm The second portion is connected to the negative electrode connection point.
  • the safety of the power module is improved, and the hole on the insulating spacer faces The insulating substrate extends in a direction surrounding a frame surrounding the second portion of the negative electrode arm.
  • first intermediate electrode body portion is connected with a first intermediate electrode arm located above the lower half bridge insulating substrate, and the first intermediate electrode arm is led to the left side and/or the right side of the first intermediate electrode arm.
  • the intermediate electrode arm is connected to the first intermediate electrode connection point.
  • the safety of the power module is improved, and the first intermediate electrode and the insulating substrate are provided with an insulating spacer.
  • the plate and the insulating partition are provided with holes for the first intermediate electrode arm to pass through.
  • the first intermediate electrode arm includes a first intermediate electrode arm first portion that is coplanarly drawn by the first intermediate electrode arm and a first intermediate electrode that is bent by the first intermediate electrode arm first portion
  • the second portion of the arm, the second portion of the first intermediate electrode arm is connected to the first intermediate electrode connection point, and the conductive gas generated when the chip on the insulating substrate is exploded is further separated from the first intermediate electrode arm, thereby improving For safety in use of the power module, the holes in the insulating spacer extend toward the insulating substrate to extend out of the frame surrounding the second portion of the first intermediate electrode arm.
  • the negative electrode main body portion is connected with a negative electrode arm located above the lower half bridge insulating substrate, the negative electrode arm is led to the left side and/or the right side of the negative electrode arm, and the negative electrode arm is connected to the negative electrode connecting point;
  • the first intermediate electrode body portion is connected with a first intermediate electrode arm located above the lower half bridge insulating substrate, and the first intermediate electrode arm is pulled out to the left and/or the right side of the first intermediate electrode arm, and the first intermediate electrode arm
  • the first intermediate electrode connection point is connected;
  • the negative electrode boom is parallel and facing the first intermediate electrode arm, and an insulating layer is disposed therebetween. This effectively increases the facing area of the negative electrode boom and the first intermediate electrode boom, reduces the current loop area between the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode, and reduces the stray inductance and loss of the power module.
  • the positive electrode main body portion is connected with a positive electrode arm located above the upper half bridge insulating substrate, and the positive electrode arm is connected to the positive electrode arm on the left side and/or the right side of the positive electrode arm, and the positive electrode arm is connected to the positive electrode connection point.
  • This can improve the dynamic and static current sharing performance of the power module by adjusting the width of the positive electrode arm to equalize the resistance of the loop formed by the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode and the stray inductance.
  • An insulating spacer is disposed between the positive electrode arm and the insulating substrate, and the insulating spacer is provided with a hole through which the positive electrode arm passes.
  • the positive electrode arm includes a first portion of the positive electrode arm that is coplanarly drawn from the positive electrode arm and a second portion of the positive electrode arm that is bent by the first portion of the positive electrode arm, and the positive electrode arm The second portion is connected to the positive electrode connection point.
  • the safety of the power module is improved, and the hole on the insulating spacer faces The insulating substrate extends in a direction surrounding a frame surrounding the second portion of the positive electrode arm.
  • the second intermediate electrode body portion is connected with a second intermediate electrode arm located above the upper half bridge insulating substrate, and the second intermediate electrode arm is led to the left side and/or the right side of the second intermediate electrode arm, and the second The intermediate electrode arm is connected to the second intermediate electrode connection point.
  • the dynamic and static current sharing performance of the power module can be improved by adjusting the width of the second intermediate electrode electrode arm to equalize the resistance and stray inductance of the loop formed by the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode.
  • the safety of the power module is improved, and the insulating spacer is disposed between the second intermediate electrode arm and the insulating substrate.
  • the plate and the insulating partition are provided with holes for the second intermediate electrode arm to pass through.
  • the second intermediate electrode arm includes a second intermediate electrode arm first portion that is coplanarly drawn by the second intermediate electrode arm and a second intermediate electrode that is bent by the first portion of the second intermediate electrode arm
  • the second portion of the arm, the second portion of the second intermediate electrode arm is connected to the second intermediate electrode connection point, and the conductive gas generated when the chip on the insulating substrate is exploded is further separated from the second intermediate electrode arm, thereby improving For safety in use of the power module, the holes in the insulating spacer extend toward the insulating substrate to extend out of the frame surrounding the second portion of the second intermediate electrode arm.
  • the positive electrode main body portion is connected with a positive electrode arm located above the upper half bridge insulating substrate, and the positive electrode arm is connected to the left side and/or the right side of the positive electrode arm, and the positive electrode arm is connected to the positive electrode connection point;
  • the second intermediate electrode body portion is connected with a second intermediate electrode arm located above the upper half bridge insulating substrate, and the second intermediate electrode arm is pulled out to the left and/or the right side of the second intermediate electrode arm, and the second intermediate electrode arm
  • the second intermediate electrode connection point is connected; the positive electrode boom and the second intermediate electrode arm are parallel and facing each other with an insulating layer therebetween. This effectively increases the facing area of the positive electrode boom and the second intermediate electrode boom, reduces the current loop area between the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode, and reduces the stray inductance and loss of the power module.
  • the present invention discloses a combined electrode in which a negative electrode main body portion and a first intermediate electrode main body portion, a negative electrode connecting portion and a first intermediate electrode connecting portion are disposed in parallel with each other, the positive electrode main portion and the second electrode Intermediate electrode master
  • the body, the positive electrode connecting portion and the second intermediate electrode connecting portion are also disposed in parallel with each other, thereby increasing the facing area between the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode and between the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode, The current loop area between the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode and between the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode is small, which effectively reduces the stray inductance and loss of the combined electrode;
  • the present invention also discloses a three-level high-power module using the combined electrode, which effectively reduces the stray inductance and loss of the power module.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a combined electrode in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a rear view of Figure 1;
  • Embodiment 3 is a perspective view of a power module in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the power module of the third embodiment of the present invention with the combined electrode removed;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view and a partial enlarged view of a power module in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses a combined electrode.
  • the structure of the combined electrode will be described below by taking two embodiments as an example.
  • the combined electrode includes a negative electrode, a first intermediate electrode, a positive electrode, and a second intermediate electrode.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode connecting portion 72, the side of the negative electrode connecting portion 72 extends 90° to the left, and the negative electrode main portion 71, and the top of the negative electrode connecting portion 72 bends the negative electrode lead portion 73 to the left.
  • the first intermediate electrode includes a first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82. One side end of the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82 extends leftward at a 90° angle out of the first intermediate electrode body portion 81, and the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82 is bent to the right.
  • the first intermediate electrode lead portion 83 is folded out.
  • the positive electrode includes a positive electrode connecting portion 93.
  • the positive electrode connecting portion 93 extends 90° to the left to the left main body portion 91, and the other side end of the positive electrode connecting portion 93 extends 90° to the right.
  • the positive electrode second body portion 92 has a positive electrode lead portion 94 bent to the left from the top of the positive electrode connecting portion 93.
  • the second intermediate electrode includes a second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103.
  • One side end of the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 extends 90° to the left, the second intermediate electrode first body portion 101, and the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103
  • the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 extends to the right at one side end at 90°, and the second intermediate electrode lead portion 104 is bent to the right at the top of the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103.
  • the second intermediate electrode first body portion 101 is connected to the other side end of the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82.
  • the gap between the 91 and the second intermediate electrode first body portion 101 and the gap between the positive electrode second body portion 92 and the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 are both 0.1 to 2 mm.
  • the negative electrode connecting portion 72 and the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82, the negative electrode main body portion 71 and the first intermediate electrode main body portion 81 are disposed in parallel with each other, and the positive electrode connecting portion 93 and the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 are positive.
  • the electrode first body portion 91 and the second intermediate electrode first body portion 101, the positive electrode second body portion 92, and the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 are also disposed in parallel with each other, and the negative electrode lead portion 73 and the first electrode
  • the intermediate electrode lead portion 83, the positive electrode lead portion 94, and the second intermediate electrode lead portion 104 are disposed opposite each other.
  • the advantage of this is that the positive facing area between the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode and between the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode is larger, such that the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode, the positive electrode and the second electrode The current loop area between the intermediate electrodes is small, resulting in a small stray inductance and loss of the combined electrode.
  • an angle between the negative electrode connecting portion 72 and the negative electrode main body portion 71, an angle between the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82 and the first intermediate electrode main body portion 81, the positive electrode connecting portion 93 and the positive electrode first An angle between the main body portions 91, an angle between the positive electrode connecting portion 93 and the positive electrode second main body portion 92, an angle between the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 and the second intermediate electrode first main body portion 101 And the angle between the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 and the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 may be any value within the open interval of (0°, 180°).
  • the combined electrode includes a negative electrode, a first intermediate electrode, a positive electrode, and a second intermediate electrode.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode connecting portion 72, the side of the negative electrode connecting portion 72 extends 90° to the left, and the negative electrode main portion 71, and the top of the negative electrode connecting portion 72 bends the negative electrode lead portion 73 to the left.
  • the first intermediate electrode includes a first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82. The side of the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82 extends leftward at a 90° angle to the left. The first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82 is bent to the right.
  • the positive electrode includes a positive electrode connecting portion 93.
  • the positive electrode connecting portion 93 extends 90° to the left to the left main body portion 91, and the other side end of the positive electrode connecting portion 93 extends 90° to the right.
  • the positive electrode second body portion 92 has a positive electrode lead portion 94 bent to the left from the top of the positive electrode connecting portion 93.
  • the second intermediate electrode includes a second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103.
  • One side end of the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 extends 90° to the left, the second intermediate electrode first body portion 101, and the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103
  • the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 extends to the right at one side end at 90°, and the second intermediate electrode lead portion 104 is bent to the right at the top of the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103.
  • the second intermediate electrode A body portion 101 is disconnected from the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82 (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2). a gap between the negative electrode connecting portion 72 and the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82, a gap between the negative electrode main body portion 71 and the first intermediate electrode main body portion 81, and a gap between the positive electrode connecting portion 93 and the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103
  • the gap between the positive electrode first body portion 91 and the second intermediate electrode first body portion 101 and the gap between the positive electrode second body portion 92 and the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 are both 0.1 to 2 mm.
  • the negative electrode connecting portion 72 and the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82, the negative electrode main body portion 71 and the first intermediate electrode main body portion 81 are disposed in parallel with each other, and the positive electrode connecting portion 93 and the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 are positive.
  • the electrode first body portion 91 and the second intermediate electrode first body portion 101, the positive electrode second body portion 92, and the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 are also disposed in parallel with each other, and the negative electrode lead portion 73 and the first electrode
  • the intermediate electrode lead portion 83, the positive electrode lead portion 94, and the second intermediate electrode lead portion 104 are disposed opposite each other.
  • the advantage of this is that the positive facing area between the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode and between the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode is larger, such that the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode, the positive electrode and the second electrode The current loop area between the intermediate electrodes is small, resulting in a small stray inductance and loss of the combined electrode.
  • an angle between the negative electrode connecting portion 72 and the negative electrode main body portion 71, an angle between the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82 and the first intermediate electrode main body portion 81, the positive electrode connecting portion 93 and the positive electrode first An angle between the main body portions 91, an angle between the positive electrode connecting portion 93 and the positive electrode second main body portion 92, an angle between the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 and the second intermediate electrode first main body portion 101 And the angle between the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 and the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 may be any value within the open interval of (0°, 180°).
  • the invention also discloses a three-level high-power module.
  • the structure of the power module is introduced below by taking two embodiments as an example.
  • the power module includes six insulating substrates arranged in a row, wherein the left three insulating substrates are lower half bridge insulating substrates, respectively being a first lower half bridge insulating substrate 1 and a second lower half bridge insulating substrate 2 And the third lower half bridge insulating substrate 3, and the three insulating substrates on the right side are upper half bridge insulating substrates, respectively being the first upper half bridge insulating substrate 4, the second upper half bridge insulating substrate 5, and the third upper half bridge insulating substrate 6 .
  • the first lower half bridge insulating substrate 1, the second lower half bridge insulating substrate 2, the third lower half bridge insulating substrate 3, the first upper half bridge insulating substrate 4, and the second upper half bridge insulating substrate 5 are shown in FIG. And a first negative electrode connection point 15 and a first lower half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 16, a second negative electrode connection point 25, and a second arranged in a row in the right half of the third upper half-bridge insulating substrate 6, respectively.
  • Lower half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 26 third negative electrode connection point 35 and third lower half Bridge intermediate electrode connection point 36, first positive electrode connection point 45 and first upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 46, second positive electrode connection point 55 and second upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 56, and third positive electrode
  • the first negative electrode connection point 15, the second negative electrode connection point 25, and the third negative electrode connection point 35 are collectively referred to as a negative electrode connection point, a first lower half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 16, and a second lower half bridge intermediate electrode.
  • connection point 26 and the third lower half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 36 are collectively referred to as a first intermediate electrode connection point, and the first positive electrode connection point 45, the second positive electrode connection point 55, and the third positive electrode connection point 65 are collectively referred to as a positive electrode
  • the connection point, the first upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 46, the second upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 56, and the third upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 66 are collectively referred to as a second intermediate electrode connection point. All of the negative electrode connection points, the first intermediate electrode connection points, the positive electrode connection points, and the second intermediate electrode connection points are arranged in a matrix.
  • the power module employs the combined electrode described in Embodiment 1, as shown in FIG.
  • the negative electrode connecting portion 72 and the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82 are both disposed on the first upper half-bridge insulating substrate 4, and the negative electrode main body portion 71 and the first intermediate electrode main body portion 81 are both extended from the first upper-half bridge insulating substrate 4.
  • the positive electrode connecting portion 93 and the second intermediate electrode connecting portion 103 are both disposed on the third upper half bridge insulating substrate 6, and the positive electrode first body portion 91 extends from the third upper half bridge insulating substrate 6 to the second upper half bridge insulating
  • the substrate 5, the positive electrode second body portion 92 is disposed on the third upper half bridge insulating substrate 6, and the second intermediate electrode first body portion 101 extends from the third upper half bridge insulating substrate 6 to the first upper half bridge insulating substrate 4.
  • And connected to the other side end of the first intermediate electrode connecting portion 82, and the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 is disposed on the third upper half bridge insulating substrate 6.
  • the side surface of the negative electrode main body portion 71 vertically extends from the first large arm 21 above the second lower half bridge insulating substrate 2, and the first small arm 23 extends from the left side of the first large arm 21
  • the first arm 23 is connected to the first negative electrode connection point 15; as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the side surface of the first intermediate electrode body portion 81 extends perpendicularly to the second largest portion above the second lower half-bridge insulating substrate 2.
  • the arm 22, the second arm 22 extends to the left side of the second arm 24, and the second arm 24 is connected to the first lower bridge intermediate electrode connection point 16; as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the first boom 21 is The second boom 22 is disposed in parallel with the second lower half of the insulating substrate 2, and the first boom 21 is located above the second boom 22. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the side surface of the negative electrode main body portion 71 further extends perpendicularly to the third large arm 31 located above the third lower half bridge insulating substrate 3.
  • the third main arm 31 extends left and right.
  • the three small arms 33, the left third arm 33 is connected to the second negative electrode connection point 25, and the third third arm 33 is connected to the third negative electrode connection point 35; as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • the first intermediate electrode The side surface of the main body portion 81 also extends perpendicularly to the fourth large arm 32 located above the third lower half bridge insulating substrate 3.
  • the fourth small arm 34 extends from the left and right sides of the fourth large arm 32, and the fourth small arm on the left side. 34 is connected to the second lower half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 26, the right fourth arm 34 is connected to the third lower half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 36;
  • the third boom 31 and the fourth boom 32 are disposed in parallel above the third lower half-bridge insulating substrate 3, and the third boom 31 is located above the fourth boom 32.
  • the side surface of the first main body portion 91 of the positive electrode extends perpendicularly to the fifth large arm 51 located above the second upper half-bridge insulating substrate 5.
  • the fifth main arm 51 extends left and right.
  • the fifth arm 53 has a fifth upper arm 53 connected to the first positive electrode connection point 45, and a fifth lower arm 53 connected to the second positive electrode connection point 55; as shown in FIGS.
  • the second intermediate portion The side surface of the first main body portion 101 of the electrode extends perpendicularly from the sixth large arm 52 above the second upper half of the insulating substrate 5, and the sixth arm 54 extends to the left and right sides of the sixth large arm 52, and the sixth arm on the left side
  • the arm 54 is connected to the first upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 46, and the right sixth arm 54 is connected to the second upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 56; as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the fifth boom 51 and the The six large arms 52 are disposed in parallel above the second upper half bridge insulating substrate 5, and the fifth large arm 51 is located above the sixth large arm 61.
  • the side surface of the second main body portion 92 of the positive electrode extends perpendicularly to the seventh main arm 61 above the third upper half-bridge insulating substrate 6, and the seventh main arm 61 extends to the right side.
  • the seventh arm 63 and the seventh arm 63 are connected to the third positive electrode connection point 65; as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the side surface of the second intermediate electrode second body portion 102 extends vertically and is located on the third side.
  • the eighth large arm 62 above the half-bridge insulating substrate 6, the eighth upper arm 64 extends to the right side of the eighth small arm 64, and the eighth small arm 64 is connected to the third upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point 66; as shown in FIG. 2 and As shown in FIG.
  • the seventh boom 61 and the eighth boom 62 are disposed in parallel above the third upper half bridge insulating substrate 6, and the seventh boom 61 is located above the eighth boom 62.
  • the first boom 21 and the third boom 31 are collectively referred to as a negative electrode boom, and the first arm 23 and the third arm 33 are collectively referred to as a negative electrode arm, and the second boom 22 and the fourth boom 32 are collectively referred to.
  • the first intermediate electrode boom, the second arm 24 and the fourth arm 34 are collectively referred to as a first intermediate electrode arm, and the fifth boom 51 and the sixth boom 61 are collectively referred to as a positive electrode boom, and a fifth arm
  • the 53 and sixth armlets 63 are collectively referred to as a positive electrode arm
  • the sixth boom 52 and the eighth boom 62 are collectively referred to as a second intermediate electrode boom
  • the sixth arm 54 and the eighth arm 64 are collectively referred to as a second intermediate portion.
  • the introduction of the first boom 21, the third boom 31, the second boom 22 and the fourth boom 32 has the advantage of being able to equalize the negative electrode and the first by adjusting the width of one or more of the booms
  • the resistance of the loop formed by the intermediate electrode and the stray inductance improve the dynamic and static current sharing performance of the power module.
  • the first boom 21 and the second boom 22, the third boom 31 and the fourth boom 32 are both disposed in parallel, the first boom 21 and the second boom 22 and the third are effectively added.
  • the facing area between the boom 31 and the fourth boom 32 reduces the current loop area between the negative electrode and the first intermediate electrode, reducing the stray inductance and loss of the power module.
  • the introduction of the fifth boom 51, the seventh boom 61, the sixth boom 52, and the eighth boom 62 provides the advantage of being able to equalize the positive electrode and the second by adjusting the width of one or more of the arms.
  • the resistance of the loop formed by the middle electrode and the stray inductance increase the power Dynamic and static current sharing performance of the module.
  • the fifth boom 51 and the sixth boom 52, the seventh boom 61 and the eighth boom 62 are both disposed in parallel, the fifth boom 51 and the sixth boom 52 and the seventh are effectively added.
  • the facing area between the boom 61 and the eighth boom 62 reduces the current loop area between the positive electrode and the second intermediate electrode, reducing the stray inductance and loss of the power module.
  • the lower half bridge insulating substrate is provided with a lower half bridge unit and a lower half bridge freewheeling unit, and the lower half bridge unit has an emitter or a source connected to the negative electrode connection point, and when the lower half bridge unit is turned on, the current passes through the lower half The bridge unit is circulated, and when the lower half bridge unit is turned off, current flows through the lower half bridge freewheeling unit; the upper half bridge unit and the upper half bridge freewheeling unit are provided on the upper half bridge insulating substrate, and the upper half bridge unit is set The electrode or the drain is connected to the positive electrode connection point.
  • the lower half bridge unit and the lower half bridge freewheeling unit on the first lower half bridge insulating substrate 1 are indicated in FIG. 4, that is, the first lower half bridge unit 17 and the first lower half bridge freewheeling unit 18;
  • all lower half bridge units share a lower half bridge gate insulating substrate 213 for connecting the gates of all lower half bridge units; all lower half bridge freewheeling units share one lower half bridge freewheeling gate
  • the insulating substrate 321 is configured to connect the gates of all the lower half bridge freewheeling units; the distance between the lower half bridge intermediate electrode connection point and the lower half bridge freewheeling gate insulating substrate 321 is smaller than each lower half bridge insulating substrate
  • the distance between the negative electrode connection point and the lower half bridge free flow gate insulating substrate 321 , the distance between the negative electrode connection point and the lower half bridge gate insulating substrate 213 is smaller than the lower half bridge intermediate electrode connection point and the lower half bridge door
  • all upper half bridge units share an upper half bridge gate insulating substrate 546 for connecting the gates of all upper half bridge units; all upper half bridge freewheeling units share one upper half bridge freewheeling gate
  • the insulating substrate 654 is configured to connect the gates of all the upper half bridge freewheeling units; the distance between the upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point and the upper half bridge freewheeling gate insulating substrate 654 is smaller than each upper half bridge insulating substrate
  • the distance between the positive electrode connection point and the upper half bridge freewheeling insulating substrate 654, the distance between the positive electrode connection point and the upper half bridge gate insulating substrate 546 is smaller than the upper half bridge intermediate electrode connection point and the upper half bridge door The distance between the pole insulating substrates 546.
  • the power module may not have any big arms and small arms, and the first big arm 21 and the first small arm 23, the second big arm 22 and the second small arm 24, the third big arm 31 and the first a three-armlet 33, a fourth boom 32 and a fourth arm 34, a fifth boom 51 and a fifth arm 53, a sixth boom 52 and a sixth arm 54, a seventh boom 61 and a seventh small The arm 63, and one or more of the combined boom-arm combination of the eighth boom 62 and the eighth arm 64.
  • the fourth embodiment is a power module in which an insulating spacer is introduced on the basis of the third embodiment.
  • the same portions as those in the third embodiment will not be described again. Only the portions added based on the third embodiment will be described here.
  • any two electrodes are turned on to cause dangerous situations such as electrode arcing and power module combustion, in the second boom 22, the fourth boom 32, the sixth boom 52 and the An insulating spacer 11 is disposed under the upper arm 62.
  • the insulating spacer 11 is located above the insulating substrate and extends from the first lower half bridge insulating substrate 1 to the third upper half bridge insulating substrate 6.
  • the first large arm 21, the second large arm 22 and the insulating spacer 11 are respectively provided with a first fixing hole 211, a second fixing hole (not shown in FIG. 5) and a first fixing hole of the insulating spacer (in FIG. 5).
  • the first fixing post 212 extends upward from the second lower half-bridge insulating substrate 2 and sequentially passes through the first fixing hole of the insulating spacer, the first fixing hole 211 and the second fixing hole, and separates the insulation.
  • the plate 11 is secured to the first boom 21 and the second boom 22 to increase the mechanical stability of the power module.
  • the third large arm 31, the fourth upper arm 32 and the insulating partition 11 are respectively provided with a third fixing hole 311, a fourth fixing hole (not shown in FIG. 5) and a second fixing hole of the insulating partition (in FIG. 5).
  • the second fixing post 312 extends upward from the third lower half insulating substrate 3 and sequentially passes through the second fixing hole, the third fixing hole 311 and the fourth fixing hole of the insulating spacer, and the insulating spacer is partitioned
  • the plate 11 is fixed to the third boom 31 and the fourth boom 32 to improve the mechanical stability of the power module.
  • the fifth large arm 51, the sixth upper arm 52, and the insulating spacer 11 are respectively provided with a fifth fixing hole (not shown in FIG. 5), a sixth fixing hole (not shown in FIG. 5), and an insulating spacer. a third fixing hole (not shown in FIG. 5), the third fixing post (not shown in FIG.
  • the seventh main arm 61, the eighth main arm 62 and the insulating partition 11 are respectively provided with a seventh fixing hole 611, an eighth fixing hole (not shown in FIG. 5) and a fourth fixing hole of the insulating partition (in FIG. 5).
  • the fourth fixing post 612 extends upward from the second upper half-bridge insulating substrate 5 and sequentially passes through the fourth fixing hole, the seventh fixing hole 611 and the eighth fixing hole of the insulating spacer, and separates the insulation.
  • the plate 11 is fixed to the seventh boom 61 and the eighth boom 62 to improve the mechanical stability of the power module.
  • the insulating partition 11 is further provided with a first hole 111 through which the first arm 23 and the second arm 24 pass, and a second hole 113 through which the third arm 33 and the fourth arm 34 pass, a third hole (not shown in FIG. 5) through which the fifth arm 53 and the sixth arm 54 pass, and a fourth hole through which the seventh arm 63 and the eighth arm 64 pass (not shown in FIG. 5) show).
  • the arrangement of the insulating partition 11 can effectively separate the conductive gas generated by the explosion from all the electrodes, thereby improving the safety of the use of the power module.
  • the insulating spacer 11 may not be provided with a fixing hole, and the first fixing post 212, the second fixing post 312, the third fixing post and the fourth fixing post 612 are all fixed on the insulating spacer 11.
  • the first arm 23 includes a first arm first portion 231 that is coplanarly drawn by the first arm 21 and a first one that is bent and led by the first arm first portion 231 toward the insulating substrate.
  • the second arm portion 232 as shown in FIG. 5, the second arm 24 includes a second arm first portion 221 that is coplanarly drawn by the second boom 22 and a second arm portion 221 toward the insulating substrate
  • the third arm 33 includes a third arm first portion (not shown in FIG. 5) that is coplanarly drawn by the third boom 31 and is third a third arm second portion (not shown in FIG.
  • the fourth arm 34 includes a fourth arm that is coplanarly drawn by the fourth boom 32. a portion (not shown in FIG. 5) and a fourth arm second portion (not shown in FIG. 5) bent from the first portion of the fourth arm toward the insulating substrate;
  • the fifth arm 53 includes The fifth upper arm first portion (not shown in FIG. 5) and the fifth small arm second portion which is bent from the first portion of the fifth lower arm toward the insulating substrate (FIG. 5) Not shown in the middle);
  • the sixth arm 54 includes sixth The sixth arm first portion (not shown in FIG.
  • the seventh arm 63 includes a seventh arm first portion (not shown in FIG. 5) that is coplanarly drawn by the seventh boom 61 and is bent from the first portion of the seventh arm toward the insulating substrate.
  • the safety of the power module is improved, and the first hole 111 extends toward the insulating substrate to surround the first arm second portion 232.
  • a first frame 112 of the second arm second portion 222 as shown in a partially enlarged view in FIG. 5;
  • the second hole 113 extends toward the insulating substrate to surround the third arm second portion and the fourth arm portion a second frame of the second portion (not shown in FIG. 5);
  • the third hole extends toward the insulating substrate to extend a third frame surrounding the second portion of the fifth arm portion and the second portion of the sixth arm portion (not shown in FIG. 5)
  • the fourth hole extends toward the insulating substrate to extend a fourth frame (not shown in FIG. 5) surrounding the seventh arm second portion and the eighth arm second portion.
  • the arrangement of the insulating spacers 11 may also be as follows: the first type is that the insulating spacers 11 are separately disposed between one of the big arms and the insulating substrate; the second type is that the insulating spacers 11 are respectively disposed at The third type is that the insulating spacers 11 are respectively disposed between the negative electrode and the insulating substrate, between the first intermediate electrode and the insulating substrate, between the positive electrode and the insulating substrate, and Between the two intermediate electrodes and the insulating substrate; the fourth type is that the insulating spacer 11 is disposed between the negative electrode and the insulating substrate, between the first intermediate electrode and the insulating substrate, and the positive electrode and a position between the insulating substrates and between the second intermediate electrode and the insulating substrate; in the fifth, the insulating spacer 11 is disposed between the negative electrode and the insulating substrate, between the first intermediate electrode and the insulating substrate, A plurality of positions between the electrode and the insulating substrate and between the second intermediate

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Abstract

一种组合式电极，包括负电极、第一中间电极、正电极和第二中间电极，其中负电极主体部（71）与第一中间电极主体部（81）、负电极连接部（72）与第一中间电极连接部（82）均平行正对设置，正电极主体部（91、92）与第二中间电极主体部（101、102）、正电极连接部（93）与第二中间电极连接部（103）也均平行正对设置，从而增大了负电极与第一中间电极之间、正电极与第二中间电极之间的正对面积，减小了负电极与第一中间电极之间、正电极与第二中间电极之间的电流回路面积，有效减小了组合式电极的杂散电感和损耗；同时，提供一种采用了该组合式电极的三电平大功率模块，有效减小了功率模块的杂散电感和损耗。

Description

一种组合式电极及其三电平大功率模块 技术领域
本发明涉及电力电子领域，特别是涉及一种组合式电极及其三电平大功率模块。
背景技术
功率模块是电力电子器件如金属氧化物半导体(功率MOS管)、绝缘栅型场效应晶体管(IGBT)、快恢复二极管(FRD)按一定的功能组合封装成的电力开关模块，其主要用于电动汽车、光伏发电、风力发电、工业变频等各种场合下的功率转换。
现有技术中的功率模块的正电极主体部与中间电极主体部或者负电极主体部与中间电极主体部往往平行交替设置，正电极连接部与中间电极连接部或者负电极连接部与中间电极连接部也不是正对平行的，正电极与中间电极或者负电极与中间电极的正对面积较小，导致正电极与中间电极或者负电极与中间电极之间电流回路面积较大，从而功率模块的杂散电感和损耗较大。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种电流回路面积小的组合式电极，以及一种应用该组合式电极的杂散电感和损耗小的三电平大功率模块。
技术方案：为达到此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明所述的组合式电极，包括负电极、第一中间电极、正电极和第二中间电极，负电极包括负电极主体部和负电极连接部，第一中间电极包括第一中间电极主体部和与负电极连接部平行正对的第一中间电极连接部，正电极包括正电极主体部和正电极连接部，第二中间电极包括第二中间电极主体部和与正电极连接部平行正对的第二中间电极连接部，负电极连接部侧端呈角度延伸出负电极主体部，负电极连接部顶部弯折出负电极引出部；第一中间电极连接部侧端呈角度延伸出与负电极主体部平行正对的第一中间电极主体部，第一中间电极连接部顶部弯折出第一中间电极引出部；正电极连接部侧端呈角度延伸出正电极主体部，正电极连接部顶部弯折出正电极引出部；第二中间电极连接部侧端呈角度延伸出与正电极主体部平行正对的第二中间电极主体部，第二中间电极连接部顶部弯折出第二中间电极引出部；负电极主体部与第一中间电极主体部之间、负电极连接部与第一中间电极连接部之间、正电极主体部与第二中间电极主体部之间，以及正电极连接部与第二中间电极连接部之间均设有绝缘层。
为了进一步减小组合式电极的杂散电感，所述负电极引出部与第一中间电极引出部相背设置，正电极引出部与第二中间电极引出部相背设置。
进一步，所述负电极引出部的弯折方向与负电极主体部的延伸方向一致。
进一步，所述正电极主体部包括由正电极连接部两侧端向相反方向延伸的正电极第一主体部和正电极第二主体部，正电极引出部的弯折方向与正电极第一主体部的延伸方向一致。
进一步，所述第二中间电极主体部包括由第二中间电极连接部两侧端向相反方向延伸的第二中间电极第一主体部和第二中间电极第二主体部，第二中间电极引出部的弯折方向与第二中间电极第一主体部的延伸方向相反。
进一步，第二中间电极第一主体部与第一中间电极连接部侧端相连。
本发明所述的三电平大功率模块，采用上述任意一种组合式电极。
进一步，所述三电平大功率模块还包括绝缘基板，绝缘基板包括下半桥绝缘基板和上半桥绝缘基板，下半桥绝缘基板上设有负电极连接点和第一中间电极连接点，负电极主体部连接负电极连接点，第一中间电极主体部连接第一中间电极连接点，上半桥绝缘基板上设有正电极连接点和第二中间电极连接点，正电极主体部连接正电极连接点，第二中间电极主体部连接第二中间电极连接点。
进一步，所有负电极连接点、第一中间电极连接点、正电极连接点和第二中间电极连接点呈矩阵排列。
为了防止绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时，任意两个电极导通而导致电极拉弧和功率模块燃烧等危险状况，所述负电极、第一中间电极、正电极和第二中间电极中的任意一种电极或多种电极与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，从而有效地将爆炸产生的导电性气体与电极隔开，提高了功率模块使用的安全性。
进一步，所述负电极主体部连有位于下半桥绝缘基板上方的负电极大臂，负电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出负电极小臂，负电极小臂连接负电极连接点。这样能够通过调节负电极大臂的宽度从而均衡负电极与第一中间电极形成的回路的电阻以及杂散电感，提高了功率模块的动静态均流性能。
为了将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与负电极大臂隔开，提高功率模块使用的安全性，所述负电极大臂与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，绝缘隔板上设有供负电极小臂穿过的孔。
进一步，所述负电极小臂包括由负电极大臂共面引出的负电极小臂第一部以及由负电极小臂第一部弯折引出的负电极小臂第二部，负电极小臂第二部连接负电极连接点，为了进一步将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与负电极小臂隔开，提高功率模块使用的安全性，所述绝缘隔板上的孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围负电极小臂第二部的框。
进一步，所述第一中间电极主体部连有位于下半桥绝缘基板上方的第一中间电极大臂，第一中间电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出第一中间电极小臂，第一中间电极小臂连接第一中间电极连接点。这样能够通过调节第一中间电极大臂的宽度从而均衡负电极与第一中间电极形成的回路的电阻以及杂散电感，提高了功率模块的动静态均流性能。
为了将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与第一中间电极大臂隔开，提高功率模块使用的安全性，所述第一中间电极大臂与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，绝缘隔板上设有供第一中间电极小臂穿过的孔。
进一步，所述第一中间电极小臂包括由第一中间电极大臂共面引出的第一中间电极小臂第一部以及由第一中间电极小臂第一部弯折引出的第一中间电极小臂第二部，第一中间电极小臂第二部连接第一中间电极连接点，为了进一步将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与第一中间电极小臂隔开，提高功率模块使用的安全性，所述绝缘隔板上的孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围第一中间电极小臂第二部的框。
进一步，所述负电极主体部连有位于下半桥绝缘基板上方的负电极大臂，负电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出负电极小臂，负电极小臂连接负电极连接点；第一中间电极主体部连有位于下半桥绝缘基板上方的第一中间电极大臂，第一中间电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出第一中间电极小臂，第一中间电极小臂连接第一中间电极连接点；负电极大臂与第一中间电极大臂平行且正对，两者之间设有绝缘层。这样有效增加了负电极大臂与第一中间电极大臂的正对面积，减小了负电极与第一中间电极之间的电流回路面积，减小了功率模块的杂散电感和损耗。
进一步，所述正电极主体部连有位于上半桥绝缘基板上方的正电极大臂，正电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出正电极小臂，正电极小臂连接正电极连接点。这样能够通过调节正电极大臂的宽度从而均衡正电极与第二中间电极形成的回路的电阻以及杂散电感，提高了功率模块的动静态均流性能。
为了将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与正电极大臂隔开，提高功 率模块使用的安全性，所述正电极大臂与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，绝缘隔板上设有供正电极小臂穿过的孔。
进一步，所述正电极小臂包括由正电极大臂共面引出的正电极小臂第一部以及由正电极小臂第一部弯折引出的正电极小臂第二部，正电极小臂第二部连接正电极连接点，为了进一步将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与正电极小臂隔开，提高功率模块使用的安全性，所述绝缘隔板上的孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围正电极小臂第二部的框。
进一步，所述第二中间电极主体部连有位于上半桥绝缘基板上方的第二中间电极大臂，第二中间电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出第二中间电极小臂，第二中间电极小臂连接第二中间电极连接点。这样能够通过调节第二中间电极电极大臂的宽度从而均衡正电极与第二中间电极形成的回路的电阻以及杂散电感，提高了功率模块的动静态均流性能。
为了将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与第二中间电极大臂隔开，提高功率模块使用的安全性，所述第二中间电极大臂与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，绝缘隔板上设有供第二中间电极小臂穿过的孔。
进一步，所述第二中间电极小臂包括由第二中间电极大臂共面引出的第二中间电极小臂第一部以及由第二中间电极小臂第一部弯折引出的第二中间电极小臂第二部，第二中间电极小臂第二部连接第二中间电极连接点，为了进一步将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与第二中间电极小臂隔开，提高功率模块使用的安全性，所述绝缘隔板上的孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围第二中间电极小臂第二部的框。
进一步，所述正电极主体部连有位于上半桥绝缘基板上方的正电极大臂，正电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出正电极小臂，正电极小臂连接正电极连接点；第二中间电极主体部连有位于上半桥绝缘基板上方的第二中间电极大臂，第二中间电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出第二中间电极小臂，第二中间电极小臂连接第二中间电极连接点；正电极大臂与第二中间电极大臂平行且正对，两者之间设有绝缘层。这样有效增加了正电极大臂与第二中间电极大臂的正对面积，减小了正电极与第二中间电极之间的电流回路面积，减小了功率模块的杂散电感和损耗。
有益效果：
(1)本发明公开了一种组合式电极，其中负电极主体部与第一中间电极主体部、负电极连接部与第一中间电极连接部均平行正对设置，正电极主体部与第二中间电极主 体部、正电极连接部与第二中间电极连接部也均平行正对设置，从而增大了负电极与第一中间电极之间、正电极与第二中间电极之间的正对面积，减小了负电极与第一中间电极之间、正电极与第二中间电极之间的电流回路面积，有效减小了组合式电极的杂散电感和损耗；
(2)本发明还公开了一种采用了该组合式电极的三电平大功率模块，有效减小了功率模块的杂散电感和损耗。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1中组合式电极的立体图；
图2为图1的后方视图；
图3为本发明的实施例3中功率模块的立体图；
图4为本发明的实施例3中功率模块去掉组合式电极后的俯视图；
图5为本发明的实施例4中功率模块的立体图及局部放大图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的阐述。
本发明公开了一种组合式电极，下面以两个实施例为例，对组合式电极的结构加以介绍。
实施例1：
如图1、图2所示，该组合式电极包括负电极、第一中间电极、正电极和第二中间电极。负电极包括负电极连接部72，负电极连接部72侧端呈90°向左延伸出负电极主体部71，负电极连接部72顶部向左弯折出负电极引出部73。第一中间电极包括第一中间电极连接部82，第一中间电极连接部82的一个侧端呈90°向左延伸出第一中间电极主体部81，第一中间电极连接部82顶部向右弯折出第一中间电极引出部83。正电极包括正电极连接部93，正电极连接部93的一个侧端呈90°向左延伸出正电极第一主体部91，正电极连接部93的另一个侧端呈90°向右延伸出正电极第二主体部92，正电极连接部93顶部向左弯折出正电极引出部94。第二中间电极包括第二中间电极连接部103，第二中间电极连接部103的一个侧端呈90°向左延伸出第二中间电极第一主体部101，第二中间电极连接部103的另一个侧端呈90°向右延伸出第二中间电极第二主体部102，第二中间电极连接部103顶部向右弯折出第二中间电极引出部104。其中，第二中间电极第一主体部101与第一中间电极连接部82的另一个侧端相连。负电极连接部72与第 一中间电极连接部82之间间隙、负电极主体部71与第一中间电极主体部81之间间隙、正电极连接部93与第二中间电极连接部103之间间隙、正电极第一主体部91与第二中间电极第一主体部101之间间隙，以及正电极第二主体部92与第二中间电极第二主体部102之间间隙均为0.1～2mm。
可见，负电极连接部72与第一中间电极连接部82、负电极主体部71与第一中间电极主体部81均平行正对设置，正电极连接部93与第二中间电极连接部103、正电极第一主体部91与第二中间电极第一主体部101、正电极第二主体部92与第二中间电极第二主体部102也均平行正对设置，且负电极引出部73与第一中间电极引出部83、正电极引出部94与第二中间电极引出部104均相背设置。由此带来的好处是，负电极与第一中间电极之间、正电极与第二中间电极之间的正对面积较大，使得负电极与第一中间电极之间、正电极与第二中间电极之间的电流回路面积较小，从而使得组合式电极的杂散电感和损耗较小。
此外，负电极连接部72与负电极主体部71之间的夹角、第一中间电极连接部82与第一中间电极主体部81之间的夹角、正电极连接部93与正电极第一主体部91之间的夹角，正电极连接部93与正电极第二主体部92之间的夹角、第二中间电极连接部103与第二中间电极第一主体部101之间的夹角以及第二中间电极连接部103与第二中间电极第二主体部102之间的夹角均可以为(0°，180°)这个开区间内的任意值。
实施例2：
如图1、图2所示，该组合式电极包括负电极、第一中间电极、正电极和第二中间电极。负电极包括负电极连接部72，负电极连接部72侧端呈90°向左延伸出负电极主体部71，负电极连接部72顶部向左弯折出负电极引出部73。第一中间电极包括第一中间电极连接部82，第一中间电极连接部82侧端呈90°向左延伸出第一中间电极主体部81，第一中间电极连接部82顶部向右弯折出第一中间电极引出部83。正电极包括正电极连接部93，正电极连接部93的一个侧端呈90°向左延伸出正电极第一主体部91，正电极连接部93的另一个侧端呈90°向右延伸出正电极第二主体部92，正电极连接部93顶部向左弯折出正电极引出部94。第二中间电极包括第二中间电极连接部103，第二中间电极连接部103的一个侧端呈90°向左延伸出第二中间电极第一主体部101，第二中间电极连接部103的另一个侧端呈90°向右延伸出第二中间电极第二主体部102，第二中间电极连接部103顶部向右弯折出第二中间电极引出部104。其中，第二中间电极第 一主体部101与第一中间电极连接部82之间断开(图1和图2中未示出)。负电极连接部72与第一中间电极连接部82之间间隙、负电极主体部71与第一中间电极主体部81之间间隙、正电极连接部93与第二中间电极连接部103之间间隙、正电极第一主体部91与第二中间电极第一主体部101之间间隙，以及正电极第二主体部92与第二中间电极第二主体部102之间间隙均为0.1～2mm。
可见，负电极连接部72与第一中间电极连接部82、负电极主体部71与第一中间电极主体部81均平行正对设置，正电极连接部93与第二中间电极连接部103、正电极第一主体部91与第二中间电极第一主体部101、正电极第二主体部92与第二中间电极第二主体部102也均平行正对设置，且负电极引出部73与第一中间电极引出部83、正电极引出部94与第二中间电极引出部104均相背设置。由此带来的好处是，负电极与第一中间电极之间、正电极与第二中间电极之间的正对面积较大，使得负电极与第一中间电极之间、正电极与第二中间电极之间的电流回路面积较小，从而使得组合式电极的杂散电感和损耗较小。
此外，负电极连接部72与负电极主体部71之间的夹角、第一中间电极连接部82与第一中间电极主体部81之间的夹角、正电极连接部93与正电极第一主体部91之间的夹角，正电极连接部93与正电极第二主体部92之间的夹角、第二中间电极连接部103与第二中间电极第一主体部101之间的夹角以及第二中间电极连接部103与第二中间电极第二主体部102之间的夹角均可以为(0°，180°)这个开区间内的任意值。
本发明还公开了一种三电平大功率模块，下面以两个实施例为例，对功率模块的结构加以介绍。
实施例3：
如图3所示，功率模块包括排列成一行的六个绝缘基板，其中左边三个绝缘基板为下半桥绝缘基板，分别为第一下半桥绝缘基板1、第二下半桥绝缘基板2和第三下半桥绝缘基板3，右边三个绝缘基板为上半桥绝缘基板，分别为第一上半桥绝缘基板4、第二上半桥绝缘基板5和第三上半桥绝缘基板6。
如图4所示，第一下半桥绝缘基板1、第二下半桥绝缘基板2、第三下半桥绝缘基板3、第一上半桥绝缘基板4、第二上半桥绝缘基板5和第三上半桥绝缘基板6的右半区域内分别设有成列布置的第一负电极连接点15和第一下半桥中间电极连接点16、第二负电极连接点25和第二下半桥中间电极连接点26、第三负电极连接点35和第三下半 桥中间电极连接点36、第一正电极连接点45和第一上半桥中间电极连接点46、第二正电极连接点55和第二上半桥中间电极连接点56，以及第三正电极连接点65和第三上半桥中间电极连接点66。其中，第一负电极连接点15、第二负电极连接点25和第三负电极连接点35统称为负电极连接点，第一下半桥中间电极连接点16、第二下半桥中间电极连接点26和第三下半桥中间电极连接点36统称为第一中间电极连接点，第一正电极连接点45、第二正电极连接点55和第三正电极连接点65统称为正电极连接点，第一上半桥中间电极连接点46、第二上半桥中间电极连接点56和第三上半桥中间电极连接点66统称为第二中间电极连接点。所有负电极连接点、第一中间电极连接点、正电极连接点和第二中间电极连接点呈矩阵排列。
功率模块采用了实施例1所述的组合式电极，如图3所示。负电极连接部72和第一中间电极连接部82均设置在第一上半桥绝缘基板4上，负电极主体部71和第一中间电极主体部81均自第一上半桥绝缘基板4延伸至第二下半桥绝缘基板2。正电极连接部93和第二中间电极连接部103均设置在第三上半桥绝缘基板6上，正电极第一主体部91自第三上半桥绝缘基板6延伸至第二上半桥绝缘基板5，正电极第二主体部92设置在第三上半桥绝缘基板6上，第二中间电极第一主体部101自第三上半桥绝缘基板6延伸至第一上半桥绝缘基板4并与第一中间电极连接部82的另一侧端相连，第二中间电极第二主体部102设置在第三上半桥绝缘基板6上。
如图1和图3所示，负电极主体部71的侧面垂直延伸出位于第二下半桥绝缘基板2上方的第一大臂21，第一大臂21左侧延伸出第一小臂23，第一小臂23连接第一负电极连接点15；如图2和图3所示，第一中间电极主体部81的侧面垂直延伸出位于第二下半桥绝缘基板2上方的第二大臂22，第二大臂22左侧延伸出第二小臂24，第二小臂24连接第一下半桥中间电极连接点16；如图2和图3所示，第一大臂21与第二大臂22平行正对设置于第二下半桥绝缘基板2上方，且第一大臂21位于第二大臂22上方。如图2和图3所示，负电极主体部71的侧面还垂直延伸出位于第三下半桥绝缘基板3上方的第三大臂31，第三大臂31左、右侧均延伸出第三小臂33，左边的第三小臂33连接第二负电极连接点25，右边的第三小臂33连接第三负电极连接点35；如图2和图3所示，第一中间电极主体部81的侧面还垂直延伸出位于第三下半桥绝缘基板3上方的第四大臂32，第四大臂32左、右侧均延伸出第四小臂34，左边的第四小臂34连接第二下半桥中间电极连接点26，右边的第四小臂34连接第三下半桥中间电极连接点36； 如图2和图3所示，第三大臂31和第四大臂32平行正对设置于第三下半桥绝缘基板3上方，且第三大臂31位于第四大臂32上方。如图1和图3所示，正电极第一主体部91的侧面垂直延伸出位于第二上半桥绝缘基板5上方的第五大臂51，第五大臂51左、右侧均延伸出第五小臂53，左边的第五小臂53连接第一正电极连接点45，右边的第五小臂53连接第二正电极连接点55；如图1和图3所示，第二中间电极第一主体部101的侧面垂直延伸出位于第二上半桥绝缘基板5上方的第六大臂52，第六大臂52左、右侧均延伸出第六小臂54，左边的第六小臂54连接第一上半桥中间电极连接点46，右边的第六小臂54连接第二上半桥中间电极连接点56；如图1和图3所示，第五大臂51和第六大臂52平行正对设置于第二上半桥绝缘基板5上方，且第五大臂51位于第六大臂61上方。如图1、图2和图3所示，正电极第二主体部92的侧面垂直延伸出位于第三上半桥绝缘基板6上方的第七大臂61，第七大臂61右侧延伸出第七小臂63，第七小臂63连接第三正电极连接点65；如图1、图2和图3所示，第二中间电极第二主体部102的侧面垂直延伸出位于第三上半桥绝缘基板6上方的第八大臂62，第八大臂62右侧延伸出第八小臂64，第八小臂64连接第三上半桥中间电极连接点66；如图2和图3所示，第七大臂61和第八大臂62平行正对设置于第三上半桥绝缘基板6上方，且第七大臂61位于第八大臂62上方。其中，第一大臂21和第三大臂31统称为负电极大臂，第一小臂23和第三小臂33统称为负电极小臂，第二大臂22和第四大臂32统称为第一中间电极大臂，第二小臂24和第四小臂34统称为第一中间电极小臂，第五大臂51和第六大臂61统称为正电极大臂，第五小臂53和第六小臂63统称为正电极小臂，第六大臂52和第八大臂62统称为第二中间电极大臂，第六小臂54和第八小臂64统称为第二中间电极小臂。
第一大臂21、第三大臂31、第二大臂22和第四大臂32的引入带来的好处是，能够通过调节其中一个或多个大臂的宽度从而均衡负电极与第一中间电极形成的回路的电阻以及杂散电感，提高了功率模块的动静态均流性能。并且，由于第一大臂21与第二大臂22、第三大臂31与第四大臂32均平行正对设置，这样有效增加了第一大臂21与第二大臂22、第三大臂31与第四大臂32之间的正对面积，减小了负电极与第一中间电极之间的电流回路面积，减小了功率模块的杂散电感和损耗。第五大臂51、第七大臂61、第六大臂52和第八大臂62的引入带来的好处是，能够通过调节其中一个或多个大臂的宽度从而均衡正电极与第二中间电极形成的回路的电阻以及杂散电感，提高了功率 模块的动静态均流性能。并且，由于第五大臂51与第六大臂52、第七大臂61与第八大臂62均平行正对设置，这样有效增加了第五大臂51与第六大臂52、第七大臂61与第八大臂62之间的正对面积，减小了正电极与第二中间电极之间的电流回路面积，减小了功率模块的杂散电感和损耗。
此外，下半桥绝缘基板上设有下半桥单元和下半桥续流单元，下半桥单元的发射极或源极连接负电极连接点，下半桥单元导通时，电流通过下半桥单元进行流通，下半桥单元关断时，电流通过下半桥续流单元进行流通；上半桥绝缘基板上设有上半桥单元和上半桥续流单元，上半桥单元的集电极或漏极连接正电极连接点，上半桥单元导通时，电流通过上半桥单元进行流通，上半桥单元关断时，电流通过上半桥续流单元进行流通。图4中标出了第一下半桥绝缘基板1上的下半桥单元和下半桥续流单元，也即第一下半桥单元17和第一下半桥续流单元18；还标出了第一上半桥绝缘基板4上的上半桥单元和上半桥续流单元，也即第一上半桥单元47和第一上半桥续流单元48。
如图4所示，所有下半桥单元共用一块下半桥门极绝缘基板213，用于连接所有下半桥单元的门极；所有下半桥续流单元共用一块下半桥续流门极绝缘基板321，用于连接所有下半桥续流单元的门极；每个下半桥绝缘基板上，下半桥中间电极连接点与下半桥续流门极绝缘基板321之间的距离小于负电极连接点与下半桥续流门极绝缘基板321之间的距离，负电极连接点与下半桥门极绝缘基板213之间的距离小于下半桥中间电极连接点与下半桥门极绝缘基板之间的距离。从而有效缩短了下半桥门极引线的长度，缩小了门极回路的面积，提高了功率模块工作的可靠性。
如图4所示，所有上半桥单元共用一块上半桥门极绝缘基板546，用于连接所有上半桥单元的门极；所有上半桥续流单元共用一块上半桥续流门极绝缘基板654，用于连接所有上半桥续流单元的门极；每个上半桥绝缘基板上，上半桥中间电极连接点与上半桥续流门极绝缘基板654之间的距离小于正电极连接点与上半桥续流门极绝缘基板654之间的距离，正电极连接点与上半桥门极绝缘基板546之间的距离小于上半桥中间电极连接点与上半桥门极绝缘基板546之间的距离。从而有效缩短了上半桥门极引线的长度，缩小了门极回路的面积，提高了功率模块工作的可靠性。
此外，功率模块中还可以不设任何大臂和小臂，也可以设置第一大臂21和第一小臂23、第二大臂22和第二小臂24、第三大臂31和第三小臂33、第四大臂32和第四小臂34、第五大臂51和第五小臂53、第六大臂52和第六小臂54、第七大臂61和第七小 臂63，以及第八大臂62和第八小臂64这些组合大臂-小臂组合中的一种或者多种。
实施例4：
实施例4是在实施例3的基础上引入绝缘隔板构成的功率模块，与实施例3相同的部分就不再赘述，这里仅介绍在实施例3的基础上增加的部分。
为了防止绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时，任意两个电极导通而导致电极拉弧和功率模块燃烧等危险状况，在第二大臂22、第四大臂32、第六大臂52和第八大臂62下方设有一块绝缘隔板11，如图5所示，绝缘隔板11位于绝缘基板上方，由第一下半桥绝缘基板1延伸至第三上半桥绝缘基板6。第一大臂21、第二大臂22和绝缘隔板11上分别设有第一固定孔211、第二固定孔(图5中未示出)和绝缘隔板第一固定孔(图5中未示出)，第一固定柱212由第二下半桥绝缘基板2向上延伸并顺次从绝缘隔板第一固定孔、第一固定孔211和第二固定孔中穿过，将绝缘隔板11与第一大臂21以及第二大臂22固定在一起，提高了功率模块的机械稳定性。第三大臂31、第四大臂32和绝缘隔板11上分别设有第三固定孔311、第四固定孔(图5中未示出)和绝缘隔板第二固定孔(图5中未示出)，第二固定柱312由第三下半桥绝缘基板3向上延伸并顺次从绝缘隔板第二固定孔、第三固定孔311和第四固定孔中穿过，将绝缘隔板11与第三大臂31以及第四大臂32固定在一起，提高了功率模块的机械稳定性。第五大臂51、第六大臂52和绝缘隔板11上分别设有第五固定孔(图5中未示出)、第六固定孔(图5中未示出)和绝缘隔板第三固定孔(图5中未示出)，第三固定柱(图5中未示出)由第一上半桥绝缘基板4向上延伸并顺次从绝缘隔板第三固定孔、第五固定孔和第六固定孔中穿过，将绝缘隔板11与第五大臂51以及第六大臂52固定在一起，提高了功率模块的机械稳定性。第七大臂61、第八大臂62和绝缘隔板11上分别设有第七固定孔611、第八固定孔(图5中未示出)和绝缘隔板第四固定孔(图5中未示出)，第四固定柱612由第二上半桥绝缘基板5向上延伸并顺次从绝缘隔板第四固定孔、第七固定孔611和第八固定孔中穿过，将绝缘隔板11与第七大臂61以及第八大臂62固定在一起，提高了功率模块的机械稳定性。此外，绝缘隔板11上还设有供第一小臂23和第二小臂24穿过的第一孔111、供第三小臂33和第四小臂34穿过的第二孔113、供第五小臂53和第六小臂54穿过的第三孔(图5中未示出)以及供第七小臂63和第八小臂64穿过的第四孔(图5中未示出)。绝缘隔板11的设置能够有效地将爆炸产生的导电性气体与所有电极隔开，提高了功率模块使用的安全性。
此外，绝缘隔板11上还可以不设有固定孔，第一固定柱212、第二固定柱312、第三固定柱和第四固定柱612均固定在绝缘隔板11上。
如图5所示，第一小臂23包括由第一大臂21共面引出的第一小臂第一部231以及由第一小臂第一部231朝绝缘基板方向弯折引出的第一小臂第二部232；如图5所示，第二小臂24包括由第二大臂22共面引出的第二小臂第一部221以及由第二小臂第一部221朝绝缘基板方向弯折引出的第二小臂第二部222；第三小臂33包括由第三大臂31共面引出的第三小臂第一部(图5中未示出)以及由第三小臂第一部朝绝缘基板方向弯折引出的第三小臂第二部(图5中未示出)；第四小臂34包括由第四大臂32共面引出的第四小臂第一部(图5中未示出)以及由第四小臂第一部朝绝缘基板方向弯折出的第四小臂第二部(图5中未示出)；第五小臂53包括由第五大臂51共面引出的第五小臂第一部(图5中未示出)以及由第五小臂第一部朝绝缘基板方向弯折引出的第五小臂第二部(图5中未示出)；第六小臂54包括由第六大臂52共面引出的第六小臂第一部(图5中未示出)以及由第六小臂第一部朝绝缘基板方向弯折引出的第六小臂第二部(图5中未示出)；第七小臂63包括由第七大臂61共面引出的第七小臂第一部(图5中未示出)以及由第七小臂第一部朝绝缘基板方向弯折引出的第七小臂第二部(图5中未示出)；第八小臂64包括由第八大臂62共面引出的第八小臂第一部(图5中未示出)以及由第八小臂第一部朝绝缘基板方向弯折引出的第八小臂第二部(图5中未示出)。
为了进一步将绝缘基板上的芯片发生爆炸时产生的导电性气体与各个小臂隔开，提高功率模块使用的安全性，第一孔111朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围第一小臂第二部232和第二小臂第二部222的第一框112，如图5中的局部放大图所示；第二孔113朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围第三小臂第二部和第四小臂第二部的第二框(图5中未示出)；第三孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围第五小臂第二部和第六小臂第二部的第三框(图5中未示出)；第四孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围第七小臂第二部和第八小臂第二部的第四框(图5中未示出)。
此外，绝缘隔板11的设置还可以有以下几种情况：第一种是，绝缘隔板11单独设置在某一个大臂与绝缘基板之间；第二种是，绝缘隔板11分别设置在某几个大臂与绝缘基板之间；第三种是，绝缘隔板11分别设置在负电极与绝缘基板之间、第一中间电极与绝缘基板之间、正电极与绝缘基板之间和第二中间电极与绝缘基板之间；第四种是，绝缘隔板11设置在负电极与绝缘基板之间、第一中间电极与绝缘基板之间、正电极与 绝缘基板之间以及第二中间电极与绝缘基板之间中的一个位置处；第五种是，绝缘隔板11设置在负电极与绝缘基板之间、第一中间电极与绝缘基板之间、正电极与绝缘基板之间以及第二中间电极与绝缘基板之间中的多个位置处。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种组合式电极，包括负电极、第一中间电极、正电极和第二中间电极，负电极包括负电极主体部(71)和负电极连接部(72)，第一中间电极包括第一中间电极主体部(81)和与负电极连接部(72)平行正对的第一中间电极连接部(82)，正电极包括正电极主体部和正电极连接部(93)，第二中间电极包括第二中间电极主体部和与正电极连接部(93)平行正对的第二中间电极连接部(103)，其特征在于：负电极连接部(72)侧端呈角度延伸出负电极主体部(71)，负电极连接部(72)顶部弯折出负电极引出部(73)；第一中间电极连接部(82)侧端呈角度延伸出与负电极主体部(71)平行正对的第一中间电极主体部(81)，第一中间电极连接部(82)顶部弯折出第一中间电极引出部(83)；正电极连接部(93)侧端呈角度延伸出正电极主体部，正电极连接部(93)顶部弯折出正电极引出部(94)；第二中间电极连接部(103)侧端呈角度延伸出与正电极主体部平行正对的第二中间电极主体部，第二中间电极连接部(103)顶部弯折出第二中间电极引出部(104)；负电极主体部(71)与第一中间电极主体部(81)之间、负电极连接部(72)与第一中间电极连接部(82)之间、正电极主体部与第二中间电极主体部之间，以及正电极连接部(93)与第二中间电极连接部(103)之间均设有绝缘层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的组合式电极，其特征在于：所述负电极引出部(73)与第一中间电极引出部(83)相背设置，正电极引出部(94)与第二中间电极引出部(104)相背设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的组合式电极，其特征在于：所述负电极引出部(73)的弯折方向与负电极主体部(71)的延伸方向一致。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的组合式电极，其特征在于：所述正电极主体部包括由正电极连接部(93)两侧端向相反方向延伸的正电极第一主体部(91)和正电极第二主体部(92)，正电极引出部(94)的弯折方向与正电极第一主体部(91)的延伸方向一致。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的组合式电极，其特征在于：所述第二中间电极主体部包括由第二中间电极连接部(103)两侧端向相反方向延伸的第二中间电极第一主体部(101)和第二中间电极第二主体部(102)，第二中间电极引出部(104)的弯折方向与第二中间电极第一主体部(101)的延伸方向相反。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的组合式电极，其特征在于：第二中间电极第一主体部(101)与第一中间电极连接部(82)侧端相连。
  7. 一种三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：采用如权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的组合式电极。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：还包括绝缘基板，绝缘基板包括下半桥绝缘基板和上半桥绝缘基板，下半桥绝缘基板上设有负电极连接点和第一中间电极连接点，负电极主体部(71)连接负电极连接点，第一中间电极主体部(81)连接第一中间电极连接点，上半桥绝缘基板上设有正电极连接点和第二中间电极连接点，正电极主体部连接正电极连接点，第二中间电极主体部连接第二中间电极连接点。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所有负电极连接点、第一中间电极连接点、正电极连接点和第二中间电极连接点呈矩阵排列。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述负电极、第一中间电极、正电极和第二中间电极中的任意一种电极或多种电极与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述负电极主体部(71)连有位于下半桥绝缘基板上方的负电极大臂，负电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出负电极小臂，负电极小臂连接负电极连接点。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述负电极大臂与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，绝缘隔板上设有供负电极小臂穿过的孔。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述负电极小臂包括由负电极大臂共面引出的负电极小臂第一部以及由负电极小臂第一部弯折引出的负电极小臂第二部，负电极小臂第二部连接负电极连接点，所述绝缘隔板上的孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围负电极小臂第二部的框。
  14. 根据权利要求8所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述第一中间电极主体部(81)连有位于下半桥绝缘基板上方的第一中间电极大臂，第一中间电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出第一中间电极小臂，第一中间电极小臂连接第一中间电极连接点。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述第一中间电极大臂与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，绝缘隔板上设有供第一中间电极小臂穿过的孔。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述第一中间电极小臂包括由第一中间电极大臂共面引出的第一中间电极小臂第一部以及由第一中间电极小臂第一部弯折引出的第一中间电极小臂第二部，第一中间电极小臂第二部连接第一 中间电极连接点，所述绝缘隔板上的孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围第一中间电极小臂第二部的框。
  17. 根据权利要求8所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述负电极主体部(71)连有位于下半桥绝缘基板上方的负电极大臂，负电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出负电极小臂，负电极小臂连接负电极连接点；第一中间电极主体部(81)连有位于下半桥绝缘基板上方的第一中间电极大臂，第一中间电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出第一中间电极小臂，第一中间电极小臂连接第一中间电极连接点；负电极大臂与第一中间电极大臂平行且正对，两者之间设有绝缘层。
  18. 根据权利要求8所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述正电极主体部连有位于上半桥绝缘基板上方的正电极大臂，正电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出正电极小臂，正电极小臂连接正电极连接点。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述正电极大臂与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，绝缘隔板上设有供正电极小臂穿过的孔。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述正电极小臂包括由正电极大臂共面引出的正电极小臂第一部以及由正电极小臂第一部弯折引出的正电极小臂第二部，正电极小臂第二部连接正电极连接点，所述绝缘隔板上的孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围正电极小臂第二部的框。
  21. 根据权利要求8所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述第二中间电极主体部连有位于上半桥绝缘基板上方的第二中间电极大臂，第二中间电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出第二中间电极小臂，第二中间电极小臂连接第二中间电极连接点。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述第二中间电极大臂与绝缘基板之间设有绝缘隔板，绝缘隔板上设有供第二中间电极小臂穿过的孔。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述第二中间电极小臂包括由第二中间电极大臂共面引出的第二中间电极小臂第一部以及由第二中间电极小臂第一部弯折引出的第二中间电极小臂第二部，第二中间电极小臂第二部连接第二中间电极连接点，所述绝缘隔板上的孔朝绝缘基板方向延伸出包围第二中间电极小臂第二部的框。
  24. 根据权利要求8所述的组合式电极的三电平大功率模块，其特征在于：所述正电极主体部连有位于上半桥绝缘基板上方的正电极大臂，正电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出 正电极小臂，正电极小臂连接正电极连接点；第二中间电极主体部连有位于上半桥绝缘基板上方的第二中间电极大臂，第二中间电极大臂左侧和/或右侧引出第二中间电极小臂，第二中间电极小臂连接第二中间电极连接点；正电极大臂与第二中间电极大臂平行且正对，两者之间设有绝缘层。
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