WO2017202323A1 - 感光像元、图像采集器、指纹采集设备及显示设备 - Google Patents

感光像元、图像采集器、指纹采集设备及显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017202323A1
WO2017202323A1 PCT/CN2017/085604 CN2017085604W WO2017202323A1 WO 2017202323 A1 WO2017202323 A1 WO 2017202323A1 CN 2017085604 W CN2017085604 W CN 2017085604W WO 2017202323 A1 WO2017202323 A1 WO 2017202323A1
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Prior art keywords
image
light
view
photosensitive
blocking film
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/085604
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张明方
钮兴昱
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Vkansee Technology Co Ltd
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Vkansee Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Vkansee Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Vkansee Technology Co Ltd
Priority to US16/303,344 priority Critical patent/US20190171861A1/en
Priority to EP17802169.7A priority patent/EP3467705A4/en
Priority to JP2018562251A priority patent/JP2019519922A/ja
Priority to KR1020187037355A priority patent/KR20190013888A/ko
Publication of WO2017202323A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017202323A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1324—Sensors therefor by using geometrical optics, e.g. using prisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1318—Sensors therefor using electro-optical elements or layers, e.g. electroluminescent sensing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/117—Identification of persons
    • A61B5/1171—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1172—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof using fingerprinting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/042—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means
    • G06F3/0421—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means by interrupting or reflecting a light beam, e.g. optical touch-screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1335—Combining adjacent partial images (e.g. slices) to create a composite input or reference pattern; Tracking a sweeping finger movement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of image acquisition technologies, and in particular, to a photosensitive pixel having a narrow field of view and an image collector and an optical fingerprint collection device using the same.
  • the minimum unit for receiving optical signals in the image collector is a photosensitive pixel, and a plurality of photosensitive pixels are usually disposed in the image collector.
  • Photosensitive pixels used in commercially available image capturers have a wide field of view.
  • the angle of view of the photosensitive pixel refers to the maximum angle formed by incident light rays in different directions in which the photosensitive pixel can respond.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram showing the field of view of a photosensitive pixel in a conventional image collector. As shown in FIG. 1, the angle of view of the photosensitive pixel 01 on the existing image collector is close to 180 degrees, that is, the maximum angle between the incident rays 02 is close to 180 degrees.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an image acquisition device having a narrow field of view and capable of meeting the production requirements of an ultra-thin thickness of a manufacturer, and capable of obtaining a clear image, and an image collector and fingerprint collection using the image collector.
  • Equipment and display screen with fingerprint collection function is provided.
  • a photosensitive pixel comprising a cavity for accommodating a photoelectric conversion unit, The upper surface of the cavity is covered with a light-blocking film with a light-transmissive aperture, and a transparent dielectric layer and a microlens are sequentially arranged from below to above the light-blocking film;
  • the object surface of the set area has an object-side field of view defining an angle of view; the object point in the object-side field of view, the image point or image spot falling in the light-transmitting aperture of the light-blocking film; The object point outside the object field of view, the image point or image spot falling outside the light transmission hole.
  • the microlens is a curved convex lens.
  • the light-transmitting aperture and the center line of the microlens are perpendicular to the upper surface of the light-blocking film (hereinafter referred to as a positive object field of view) .
  • the optical axis is not perpendicular to the upper surface of the light-blocking film (hereinafter referred to as a diagonal square field of view).
  • the object field of view corresponds to an angle of view of less than 10 degrees.
  • the light blocking film is a film made of an opaque material, and the thickness of the light blocking film is less than 100 um.
  • an image collector comprising a plurality of photosensitive pixels as described above, wherein said plurality of photosensitive pixel arrays are arranged, from above to above said plurality of photosensitive pixels A low refractive index layer and a transparent cover are sequentially provided.
  • Each of the photosensitive pixels has an object point of the object-side field of view corresponding to the upper surface of the transparent cover, the image point of which falls within the light-transmissive aperture of the light-blocking film; the object point outside the object field of view, The image dots fall outside the light-transmissive aperture.
  • a light blocking wall is disposed in the transparent dielectric layer between the microlens and the light blocking film to prevent signal crosstalk between adjacent photosensitive pixels.
  • all of the photosensitive cells included in the image collector have a positive object field of view and are located on the same planar substrate.
  • all of the photosensitive cells included in the image collector have the same oblique square field of view and the optical axes are parallel and are located on the same planar substrate.
  • the photosensitive pixel is located on a curved substrate that is convex or concave toward the transparent cover.
  • the image pickup device includes photosensitive pixels arranged regularly from the inside to the outside centering on a certain pixel or some pixels, and the central photosensitive pixel has a positive object field of view and other photosensitive pixels.
  • the object has a diagonal field of view; from the center area, the optical axes of the pixels are gradually inclined outward, that is, the angle between the optical axis of each pixel and the upper surface of the light blocking film is gradually reduced.
  • a fingerprint collection device comprising the image collector as described above.
  • a display device supporting a fingerprint collection function comprising a plurality of developing pixels, and a photosensitive pixel as described above is disposed between the display pixels.
  • the photosensitive pixel in the present application integrates a transparent dielectric layer and a microlens, and through the small holes and the microlens on the light blocking film, the photosensitive pixel itself can restrain the incident optical path, so that the photosensitive pixel A narrow field of view with a small field of view, so that an image collector using such a photographic element can no longer be attached to a lens system or a small aperture imaging system to constrain the incident optical path, so that the thickness of the image collector is thinned while It also enables the image capturer to capture sharp images.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing a field of view of a photosensitive pixel in a conventional image collector
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a photosensitive pixel according to a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a photosensitive pixel according to another preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector according to a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image collector in a specific embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device supporting a fingerprint collection function according to a preferred embodiment.
  • a photosensitive pixel includes a cavity 1 for accommodating a photoelectric conversion unit, and a light blocking film 3 having a light-transmissive aperture 2 is covered above the cavity 1, above the light-blocking film 3.
  • a transparent dielectric layer 4 and a microlens 5 are provided in this order from bottom to top.
  • the microlens 5 in the present application is a curved convex lens.
  • the center line of the light transmission aperture 2 and the microlens 5 (ie, the optical axis) is perpendicular to the upper surface of the light blocking film 3, so that the center of the object field of view is at the center normal of the photosensitive pixel (ie, the situation is positive) Object side field of view).
  • the light blocking film 3 is a film made of an opaque material, and the thickness of the light blocking film 3 is less than 100 um.
  • the field of view of the photosensitive element in the present application can be defined by the structure of the light-transmitting aperture 2, the microlens 5 and the transparent dielectric layer 4.
  • the object field of view 6 corresponding to the angle of view.
  • the field of view of the photosensitive pixel in this embodiment is less than 10 degrees.
  • the object field of view of the photosensitive pixel in this application may be referred to as a narrow object field of view.
  • the field of view of the photosensitive pixel is less than 10 degrees, which is merely exemplary.
  • Those skilled in the art can adjust the focal length of the microlens, the thickness of the transparent dielectric layer, and the aperture of the transparent aperture according to the production requirements. Corresponding angle of view.
  • the present embodiment defines the field of view of the photosensitive pixel in the present application by the structure of the light-transmitting aperture, the microlens and the transparent dielectric layer, and the main part of the image point or the image spot corresponding to the object point in the defined object field of view Falling in the light-transmitting aperture 2 of the light-blocking film 3, so that the light emitted from the object point in the object field of view enters the cavity 1 through the small hole, and accordingly, the photoelectric conversion unit can receive the light of higher intensity, thereby The image in the field of view of the object can be clearly imaged.
  • the main part of the image point or image spot falls outside the light transmission hole 2, so that the photoelectric conversion unit cannot feel or can only feel the object field outside the field with low intensity.
  • the image outside the object's field of view cannot be acquired or the acquired portion does not affect the imaging of the light in the object field of view on the photoelectric conversion unit.
  • the present embodiment integrates a thick transparent dielectric layer 4 and a microlens 5 on the photosensitive pixels, and passes through the small holes and the microlenses 5 on the light blocking film 3.
  • the photosensitive pixel itself can constrain the incident optical path, so that the photosensitive pixel has a narrow field of view with a small field of view, so that the image collector using the photosensitive pixel can no longer be attached to the lens system or the small hole.
  • the imaging system constrains the incident light path while also enabling the image capturer to capture sharp images.
  • the purpose is to increase the amount of light entering during the oblique direction, which is substantially different from the purpose and implementation method in the present application in which the photosensitive pixel has a narrow field of view.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a photosensitive pixel according to another preferred embodiment.
  • the structure of the photosensitive pixel shown in FIG. 3 is similar to that of the photosensitive pixel shown in FIG. 2, except that its optical axis is not perpendicular to the upper surface of the light-blocking film 3, that is, its optical axis is opposite to the light-blocking film 3.
  • the upper surface is tilted so that the center of the object field is not at the center normal of the photosensitive pixel (ie, the case is the oblique square field of view).
  • the oblique field of view 6 in the present application corresponds to an angle of view of less than 10 degrees.
  • the angle between the center line of the light-transmitting small hole 2 and the microlens 5 and the upper surface of the light-blocking film 3 is not specifically limited. Those skilled in the art can set the light-transmitting small hole 2 according to the production requirements. An angle between the line connecting the center of the microlens 5 and the upper surface of the light blocking film 3.
  • the working principle of the photosensitive pixel shown in FIG. 3 is the same as that of the photosensitive pixel shown in FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • the image collector includes a plurality of photosensitive pixels as shown in FIG. 2 or 3.
  • a plurality of photosensitive pixel arrays are arranged and integrally formed.
  • a low refractive index layer 8 and a transparent cover 9 are provided in this order from the bottom to the top of the plurality of photosensitive pixels.
  • each photosensitive pixel is on the object point of the object field of view 10 corresponding to the upper surface of the transparent cover, and the image point falls in the light transmission aperture 2 of the light blocking film 3.
  • the object point outside the object field of view the image point falls outside the light transmission hole 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • the image collector of FIG. 5 is similar in structure to the image collector shown in FIG. 4, except that it is located in the transparent dielectric layer 4 between the microlens 5 and the light blocking film 3 between adjacent photosensitive pixels.
  • the light blocking wall 11 is disposed at a position of the cavity 1 for accommodating the photoelectric conversion unit to prevent signal crosstalk between the photosensitive pixels, as shown in FIG. 5, crosstalk light from the left and right sides of the object side (shown by a broken line in the figure) After passing through the microlens 5, it is blocked by the light blocking wall 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • the image collector of FIG. 6 is similar in structure to the image collector shown in FIG. 4, except that it is located in the transparent dielectric layer 4 between the microlens 5 and the light blocking film 3 between adjacent photosensitive pixels.
  • the position of the microlens 5 is such that the light blocking wall 11 is provided to prevent signal crosstalk between the photosensitive pixels (shown by a broken line in the figure).
  • Figure 7 shows a structural parameter diagram of an image collector in a specific embodiment.
  • the transparent cover has a thickness of 1.0 mm and a refractive index of 1.52.
  • the thickness of the low refractive index layer (the lower surface of the transparent cover to the apex of the microlens layer) was 5 um, and the low refractive index layer was air or vacuum, and the refractive index was 1.0.
  • the transparent dielectric layer has a refractive index of 1.46 and a thickness of 16 um (including the thickness of the microlens, 16 um being the thickness of the apex of the microlens to the upper surface of the light blocking film).
  • the light-shielding film has a thickness of 500 nm and is made of an opaque metal material.
  • the small hole is made of a circular hole having a diameter of 500 nm, and is optically etched, and the center of the small hole is aligned with the center of the photosensitive pixel.
  • the photosensitive pixels are square and have a side length of 5.86um.
  • the microlens is a spherical convex lens with a radius of 5 um, and the center of the lens is aligned with the center of the photosensitive pixel.
  • the diameter of the object field of view of the narrow field of view pixel (the upper surface of the transparent cover) is 30 um, and the radius of the object field of view corresponding to the upper surface of the transparent cover is 15 um.
  • the light in the object field of view satisfying the above-mentioned angle of view can be confined to the optoelectronics by the confinement of the transparent cover, the low refractive index layer, the microlens 5, the transparent dielectric layer 4 and the transparent aperture 2
  • the conversion unit, the light outside the field of view cannot reach the photoelectric conversion unit, thereby forming a clear image; and since the transparent medium layer 4 and the microlens 5 are integrated in the photosensitive pixel, the conventional lens system is no longer required, thereby making the image Collector thickness Enough to develop ultra-thin.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • the image collector of Fig. 8 is similar in structure to the image collector shown in Fig. 4, except that a photosensitive pixel having a diagonal square field of view is employed.
  • a photosensitive pixel having a diagonal square field of view is employed.
  • an image collector with a slanted field of view sensitized image can obtain a clearer image and less interference from stray ambient light. .
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • the image collector of Fig. 9 is similar in structure to the image collector shown in Fig. 4, except that a photosensitive pixel having a positive object field of view and a photosensitive pixel having a diagonal square field of view are simultaneously employed.
  • the central area is a positive object square field pixel, and the central area is a photosensitive pixel with a diagonal object field;
  • the optical axis of each pixel is outward from the central area (such as the optical axis 14 and the optical axis in FIG. 9) 15 is gradually inclined outward, and the angle between the optical axis and the upper surface of the light blocking film is gradually reduced, and the optical axes of the respective pixels are radially distributed.
  • This special photographic pixel arrangement can enlarge the image field of view of the image collector (refer to the imaging range of the image collector, different from the object angle of view of a single pixel), and clearly capture a larger spatial extent.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • the image collector of FIG. 10 is similar in structure to the image collector shown in FIG. 4, except that the photosensitive pixel is located on the curved substrate 12 that is convex toward the transparent cover, which can also enlarge the object side of the collector.
  • the angle of view clearly captures images in a larger spatial extent.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • the image collector of FIG. 11 is similar in structure to the image collector shown in FIG. 4, except that the photosensitive pixel is located on the curved substrate 12 recessed toward the transparent cover, so that for a distant target, Expand the object's angle of view of the collector and clearly capture images in a larger spatial extent.
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image collector according to another preferred embodiment.
  • the image collector of FIG. 12 is similar in structure to the image collector shown in FIG. 4, except that the photosensitive pixel is located on the curved substrate 12 that is recessed toward the transparent cover, so that for a closer target, it can be reduced.
  • the object's object field of view angle clearly amplifies a small range of object field of view into a larger imaging space, enabling magnification imaging.
  • a fingerprint collection device comprising an image collector of a different embodiment as described above.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device supporting a fingerprint collection function according to a preferred embodiment.
  • the display device includes a plurality of developing pixels 601 and a display panel 602, and a photosensitive pixel 603 having a set viewing angle as described above is further disposed between the display pixels 601.
  • the field of view of the photosensitive pixel 603 of this embodiment has a narrow object-side field of view.
  • the photosensitive pixel array is arranged, and the photosensitive pixel 602 having a narrow object field of view can obtain a clear fingerprint image for the fingerprint printed on the display panel.
  • the object's field of view of the photographic element is relatively wide (also known as the wide object field of view)
  • the object field of view of adjacent photographic elements will overlap greatly, and the output image will be blurred.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device supporting a fingerprint collection function according to a preferred embodiment.
  • the display device includes a plurality of developing pixels 601 and a display panel 602, and a photo
  • the transparent medium layer 4 and the microlens 5 are integrated on the photosensitive pixel in the present application.
  • the photosensitive pixel Through the small holes and the microlens 5 on the light blocking film 3, the photosensitive pixel itself can restrain the incident optical path. Having the photosensitive pixel have a narrow field of view with a small field of view, so that the image collector using the photographic element can no longer adhere to the lens system or the aperture imaging system to constrain the incident optical path, so that the thickness of the image collector Thinning, while also enabling the image capturer to capture sharp images.

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Abstract

一种感光像元、图像采集器、指纹采集设备及支持采集功能的显示设备。感光像元包括容置光电转换单元的腔体（1），腔体（1）的上方覆盖开有透光小孔（2）的阻光膜（3），在阻光膜（3）的上方依次设有透明介质层（4）和微透镜（5）。微透镜（5）、透明介质层（4）及透光小孔（2）使感光像元具有限定视场角的物方视场（6），物方视场（6）内的物点，其像点或像斑落在阻光膜（3）的透光小孔（2）内；位于物方视场（6）外的物点，其像点或像斑落在透光小孔（2）之外。阻光膜上的小孔和微透镜对入射光路进行约束，使感光像元具有窄视场，基于窄视场感光像元的图像采集器可不再依附透镜系统或者小孔成像系统来约束入射光路，使图像采集设备能够获取清晰图像的同时，其厚度变薄成为可能，方便与其他设备的集成。

Description

感光像元、图像采集器、指纹采集设备及显示设备
本申请要求于2016年5月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610357410.0、发明名称为“感光像元、图像采集器、指纹采集设备及显示设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及图像采集技术领域，具体涉及一种具有窄视场角的感光像元及使用该感光像元的图像采集器及光学指纹采集设备。
背景技术
图像采集器中用于接收光信号的最小单位为感光像元，图像采集器中通常设置若干感光像元。市面上图像采集器使用的感光像元都具有较宽的视场角。感光像元的视场角是指感光像元能响应的不同方向的入射光线所形成的最大角度。图1示出了现有图像采集器中感光像元视场角的示意图。如图1所示，现有图像采集器上感光像元01的视场角接近180度，即入射光线02之间的最大夹角接近180度。
使用现有图像采集器直接进行成像时，视场角较大，往往得到的图像不清晰。该种情况下，需要使用透镜系统或者小孔成像系统来约束入射光路，使每个感光像元只对物方视场内某个特定角度的光线产生响应，从而获得清晰的图像。
由于透镜系统等结构的使用，使得现有图像采集设备通常具有较厚的厚度。对于现有电子设备日趋超薄的形式与要求下，具有较厚厚度的图像采集设备便不能满足生产商的要求，因此有必要提供一种具有窄视场的、且能够满足生产商厚度超薄的生产要求，又能够获得清晰图像的图像采集设备。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的在于提供一种具有窄视场的、且能够满足生产商厚度超薄的生产要求，又能够获得清晰图像的图像采集设备，以及使用该图像采集器的图像采集器、指纹采集设备以及具有指纹采集功能的显示屏等。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种感光像元，包括容置光电转换单元的腔体，在 所述腔体的上方覆盖开有透光小孔的阻光膜，在所述阻光膜的上方由下而上依次设有透明介质层和微透镜；
位于所述感光像元上方设定区域的物面，其像面落在所述阻光膜所在平面上；所述微透镜、透明介质层及透光小孔使所述感光像元在所述设定区域的物面上具有限定视场角的物方视场；所述物方视场内的物点，其像点或像斑落在所述阻光膜的透光小孔内；位于所述物方视场外的物点，其像点或像斑落在所述透光小孔之外。
优选地，所述微透镜为曲面凸透镜。
作为优选方案之一，所述透光小孔与所述微透镜的中心连线(以下称光轴)与所述阻光膜的上表面垂直(以下称该种情况为正物方视场)。
作为另一优选方案，所述光轴与所述阻光膜的上表面不垂直(以下称该种情况为斜物方视场)。
优选地，所述物方视场对应的视场角小于10度。
其中，所述阻光膜为不透光材料制作的薄膜，所述阻光膜的厚度小于100um。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种图像采集器，包括若干如上所述的感光像元，若干所述感光像元阵列排布，在若干所述感光像元的上方由下而上依次设有低折射率层和透明盖板。
每个所述感光像元在透明盖板上表面对应的物方视场的物点，其像点落在所述阻光膜的透光小孔内；物方视场外的物点，其像点落在所述透光小孔之外。
优选地，在相邻感光像元之间，位于微透镜和阻光膜中间的透明介质层内设置阻光墙，以防止相邻感光像元之间的信号串扰。
其中，每个感光像元的物方视场的视场角为：α＝2arctan(robject/h)，其中，robject为所述感光像元在所述透明盖板上表面对应的物方视场的半径，h为所述透明盖板上表面至所述透光小孔中心的高度。
作为优选方案之一，图像采集器包含的所有感光像元具有正物方视场，且位于同一平面基板上。
作为优选方案之一，图像采集器包含的所有感光像元具有相同的斜物方视场且光轴平行，并位于同一平面基板上。
作为优选方案之一，感光像元位于向透明盖板方向凸起或凹下的曲面基板上。
作为优选方案之一，图像采集器包含的感光像元以某一像元或某些像元为中心由内向外有规律排布，中心区感光像元具有正物方视场，其他感光像元具有斜物方视场；从中心区向外，各像元的光轴逐渐向外倾斜，即各像元的光轴与阻光膜上表面的夹角逐渐变小。
根据本发明的再一方面，还提供了一种指纹采集设备，包括如上所述的图像采集器。
根据本发明的又一方面，还提供了一种支持指纹采集功能的显示设备，包括若干显像像元，在所述显示像元之间设置如上所述的感光像元。
由以上技术方案可知，本申请中的感光像元集成了透明介质层和微透镜，通过阻光膜上的小孔和微透镜，感光像元本身即可对入射光路进行约束，使感光像元具有视场角较小的窄视场，从而使采用该种感光像元的图像采集器可以不再依附于透镜系统或者小孔成像系统来约束入射光路，使得图像采集器的厚度变薄，同时还能够使图像采集器能够采集到清晰的图像。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出了常规图像采集器中感光像元视场角的示意图；
图2为根据一优选实施例示出的感光像元的结构示意图；
图3为根据另一优选实施例示出的感光像元的结构示意图；
图4为根据一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图；
图5为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图；
图6为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图；
图7示出了一具体实施例中图像采集器的结构参数图；
图8为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图；
图9为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图；
图10为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图；
图11为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图；
图12为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图；
图13为根据一优选实施例示出的支持指纹采集功能的显示设备的结构示意图。
注：为清晰起见，在图5、图6、图9、图10、图11和图12中仅示出了每个感光像元的光轴方向。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图2为根据一优选实施例示出的感光像元的结构示意图。如图2所示，一种感光像元，包括容置光电转换单元的腔体1，在腔体1的上方覆盖开有透光小孔2的阻光膜3，在阻光膜3的上方由下而上依次设有透明介质层4和微透镜5。优选地，本申请中的微透镜5为曲面凸透镜。透光小孔2与微透镜5的中心连线(即光轴)与阻光膜3的上表面垂直，从而物方视场中心在感光像元的中心法线上(即该种情况为正物方视场)。优选地，阻光膜3为不透光材料制作的薄膜，且阻光膜3的厚度小于100um。
位于感光像元上方设定区域的物面，其像面落在阻光膜所在平面上。通过透光小孔2、微透镜5和透明介质层4的结构，可对本申请中的感光像元的视场角进行限定。视场角对应的物方视场6。作为各实施例中的优选实施例，本实施例中感光像元的视场角小于10度。限定视场角的物方视场6内的物点，其像点或像斑落在阻光膜3的透光小孔2内；位于物方视场6外的物点，其像点或像斑落在透光小孔2之外。本申请中感光像元的物方视场可称为窄物方视场。
需要说明的是，感光像元的视场角小于10度只是示例性的，本技术领域人员可根据生产需求通过调整微透镜的焦距、透明介质层的厚度和透光小孔的孔径，以得到对应的视场角。
下面对本实施例中感光像元的工作原理进行详细阐述。
本实施通过透光小孔、微透镜和透明介质层的结构对本申请中的感光像元的视场角进行限定，在限定的物方视场内对应物点的像点或像斑的主要部分落在阻光膜3的透光小孔2内，从而使物方视场内物点发出的光线通过小孔进入腔体1内，相应地，光电转换单元能够接收较高强度的光线，从而使物方视场内的图像能够清晰成像。由于位于物方视场外的物点，其像点或像斑的主要部分落在透光小孔2之外，从而光电转换单元不能感受或只能以低强度感受到物方视场外的物点发出的光线，则物方视场外的图像便不能被获取或者获取的部分不会影响物方视场内的光线在光电转换单元上的成像。
与市面上图像采集器使用的感光像元相比，本实施例在感光像元上集成了较厚的透明介质层4和微透镜5，并通过阻光膜3上的小孔和微透镜5，感光像元本身即可对入射光路进行约束，使感光像元具有视场角较小的窄视场，从而使采用该种感光像元的图像采集器可以不再依附于透镜系统或者小孔成像系统来约束入射光路，同时还能够使图像采集器能够采集到清晰的图像。虽然市面上亦有图像传感器上设置微透镜等，但其目的是为了增加斜射时的进光量，与本申请中能够实现感光像元具有窄视场的目的和实现方法具有本质不同。
图3为根据另一优选实施例示出的感光像元的结构示意图。图3所示感光像元的结构与图2所示感光像元的结构相似，其不同之处在于其光轴与阻光膜3的上表面不垂直，即其光轴相对于阻光膜3的上表面倾斜设置，从而物方视场中心不在感光像元的中心法线上(即该种情况为斜物方视场)。同样，由透光小孔2、微透镜5和透明介质层4限定的斜物方视场6内的物点，其像点或像斑落在阻光膜3的透光小孔2内；位于斜物方视场6外的物点，其像点或像斑落在透光小孔2之外。作为各实施例中的优选实施例，本申请中的斜物方视场6对应的视场角小于10度。本申请对于透光小孔2与微透镜5的中心连线与阻光膜3上表面之间的夹角角度不做具体限定，本领域工作人员可根据生产需求自行设定透光小孔2与微透镜5的中心连线与阻光膜3上表面之间的夹角。
图3所示感光像元的工作原理与图2所示感光像元的工作原理相同，此处不再赘述。
图4为根据一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图。如图4所示，图像采集器包括若干如图2或图3所示的感光像元。若干感光像元阵列排布并一体成型。在若干感光像元的上方由下而上依次设有低折射率层8和透明盖板9。
图像采集中，每个感光像元在透明盖板上表面对应的物方视场10的物点，其像点落在阻光膜3的透光小孔2内。物方视场外的物点，其像点落在透光小孔2之外。每个感光像元的物方视场的视场角为：α＝2arctan(robject/h)，其中，robject为感光像元在透明盖板上表面对应的物方视场的半径，h为透明盖板上表面至透光小孔2中心的高度。
图5为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图。图5中的图像采集器与图4所示的图像采集器结构相似，其不同之处在于在相邻感光像元之间，位于微透镜5和阻光膜3中间的透明介质层4内靠近容置光电转换单元的腔体1的位置设置阻光墙11，以防止感光像元之间的信号串扰,如图5所示，来自物方左右两侧的串扰光线(如图中虚线所示)经过微透镜5后被阻光墙11遮挡吸收。
图6为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图。图6中的图像采集器与图4所示的图像采集器结构相似，其不同之处在于在相邻感光像元之间，位于微透镜5和阻光膜3中间的透明介质层4内靠近微透镜5的位置设置阻光墙11，以防止感光像元之间的信号串扰(如图中虚线所示)。
下面通过一个典型的实施例来进一步说明具有窄物方视场感光像元的图像采集器的结构设计。图7示出了一具体实施例中图像采集器的结构参数图。如图7所示，透明盖板的厚度为1.0mm，折射率为1.52。低折射率层的厚度(透明盖板下表面至微透镜层顶点)为5um，低折射率层为空气或真空，折射率为1.0。透明介质层的折射率为1.46，厚度为16um(含微透镜的厚度，16um为微透镜顶点至阻光膜上表面的厚度)。阻光膜的厚度为500nm，采用不透光金属材料制作。小孔采用直径为500nm的圆孔，光学刻蚀制作，小孔中心与感光像素的中心对齐。感光像素为方形，边长为5.86um。微透镜为半径为5um的球面凸透镜，透镜中心与感光像素中心对齐。
根据计算及模拟结果，此窄视场感光像素的物方视场的直径(透明盖板的上表面)为30um，则感光像元在透明盖板上表面对应的物方视场的半径为15um，由图中参数可知，h＝1000+5+16＝1021um，利用公式：α＝2arctan(robject/h)，即可计算得出图像采集器的视场角为1.68度。
在满足上述视场角的物方视场内的光线，通过透明盖板、低折射率层、微透镜5、透明介质层4和透光小孔2的约束，可对入射光线汇聚约束至光电转换单元，视场角之外的光线不能到达光电转换单元，从而形成清晰的图像；同时由于感光像元中集成了透明介质层4和微透镜5，不再需要常规的透镜系统，从而使图像采集器的厚度能 够向超薄型发展。
图8为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图。图8中的图像采集器与图4所示的图像采集器结构相似，其不同之处在于采用具有斜物方视场的感光像元。在一些情况下，例如对指纹图像的采集，由于指纹表面的沟壑结构，具有斜物方视场感光像元的图像采集器能够得到更为清晰的图像，并较少受到杂散环境光的干扰。
图9为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图。图9中的图像采集器与图4所示的图像采集器结构相似，其不同之处在于同时采用具有正物方视场的感光像元和具有斜物方视场的感光像元。中心区为正物方视场像元，中心区外均为具有斜物方视场的感光像元；由中心区向外，各像元的光轴(如图9中光轴14、光轴15所示)逐渐向外倾斜，光轴与阻光膜上表面的夹角逐渐变小，各像元的光轴呈放射状分布。这种特殊的感光像元排布可以扩大图像采集器的物方视场角(指图像采集器的成像范围，不同于单个像元的物方视场角)，清晰地采集到更大空间范围内的图像。
图10为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图。图10中的图像采集器与图4所示的图像采集器结构相似，其不同之处在于感光像元位于向透明盖板方向凸起的曲面基板12上，这样也可以扩大采集器的物方视场角，清晰地采集到更大空间范围内的图像。
图11为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图。图11中的图像采集器与图4所示的图像采集器结构相似，其不同之处在于感光像元位于向透明盖板方向凹下的曲面基板12上，这样对于较远的目标，也可以扩大采集器的物方视场角，清晰地采集到更大空间范围内的图像。
图12为根据另一优选实施例示出的图像采集器的结构示意图。图12中的图像采集器与图4所示的图像采集器结构相似，其不同之处在于感光像元位于向透明盖板方向凹下的曲面基板12上，这样对于较近的目标，可以缩小采集器的物方视场角，把小范围的物方视场清晰地放大到更大的成像空间，从而可以实现放大成像。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种指纹采集设备，其包括如上所述的不同实施例的图像采集器。
根据本发明的再一方面，还提供了一种支持指纹采集功能的显示设备。图13为根据一优选实施例示出的支持指纹采集功能的显示设备的结构示意图。如图13所示， 显示设备包括若干显像像元601和显示面板602，在显示像元601之间还设置有如上所述具有设定视场角的感光像元603。该实施种的感光像元603的视场角具有较窄的物方视场。感光像元阵列排布，具有窄物方视场的感光像元602能够对捺印在显示面板上的指纹获得清晰的指纹图像。相反，如果感光像元的物方视场比较宽(又可称为宽物方视场)，则相邻感光像元的物方视场会有大幅度的重叠，其输出图像是模糊不清的，如图13所示。
由以上技术方案可知，本申请中感光像元上集成了透明介质层4和微透镜5，通过阻光膜3上的小孔和微透镜5，感光像元本身即可对入射光路进行约束，使感光像元具有视场角较小的窄视场，从而使采用该种感光像元的图像采集器可以不再依附于透镜系统或者小孔成像系统来约束入射光路，使得图像采集器的厚度变薄，同时还能够使图像采集器能够采集到清晰的图像。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的发明后，将容易想到本发明的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本发明的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本发明的一般性原理并包括已公开未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的，本发明的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是，本发明并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确方法，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本发明的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种感光像元，包括容置光电转换单元的腔体，其中，在所述腔体的上方覆盖开有透光小孔的阻光膜，在所述阻光膜的上方由下而上依次设有透明介质层和微透镜；
    位于所述感光像元上方设定区域的物面，其像面落在所述阻光膜所在平面上；所述微透镜、透明介质层及透光小孔使所述感光像元在所述设定区域的物面上具有限定视场角的物方视场；所述物方视场内的物点，其像点或像斑落在所述阻光膜的透光小孔内；位于所述物方视场外的物点，其像点或像斑落在所述透光小孔之外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的感光像元，其中，所述微透镜为曲面凸透镜。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的感光像元，其中，所述透光小孔与所述微透镜的中心连线与所述阻光膜的上表面垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的感光像元，其中，其光轴与所述阻光膜的上表面不垂直。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的感光像元，其中，所述物方视场对应的视场角小于10度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的感光像元，其中，所述阻光膜为不透光材料制作的薄膜，所述阻光膜的厚度小于100um。
  7. 一种图像采集器，其中，包括若干如权利要求1至6中任一所述的感光像元，若干所述感光像元阵列排布，在若干所述感光像元的上方由下而上依次设有低折射率层和透明盖板；
    每个所述感光像元在透明盖板上表面对应的物方视场的物点，其像点落在所述阻光膜的透光小孔内；物方视场外的物点，其像点落在所述透光小孔之外。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的图像采集器，其中，在相邻感光像元之间，在位于微透镜和阻光膜中间的透明介质层内设置阻光墙，以防止相邻感光像元之间的信号串扰。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的图像采集器，其中，所有感光像元位于同一平面基板上，并具有平行的光轴。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的图像采集器，其中，感光像元位于向透明盖板方向凸起或凹下的曲面基板上。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的图像采集器，其中，其感光像元以某一像元或某 些像元为中心由内向外有规律排布，中心区像元具有正物方视场，其他像元具有斜物方视场；从中心区向外，各像元的光轴逐渐向外倾斜，即光轴与阻光膜上表面的夹角逐渐变小。
  12. 一种指纹采集设备，其中，包括如权利要求7～11中所述的图像采集器。
  13. 一种支持指纹采集功能的显示设备，包括若干显示像元，其中，在所述显示像元之间设置如权利要求1～6中任一所述的感光像元。
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