WO2018036165A1 - 一种均衡电池组能量的装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种均衡电池组能量的装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018036165A1
WO2018036165A1 PCT/CN2017/079601 CN2017079601W WO2018036165A1 WO 2018036165 A1 WO2018036165 A1 WO 2018036165A1 CN 2017079601 W CN2017079601 W CN 2017079601W WO 2018036165 A1 WO2018036165 A1 WO 2018036165A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
alternating current
battery
energy
receiving coils
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/079601
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨瑞
刘明
刘晓康
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to JP2019511346A priority Critical patent/JP2019525717A/ja
Priority to EP17842590.6A priority patent/EP3499680B1/en
Publication of WO2018036165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018036165A1/zh
Priority to US16/285,969 priority patent/US11211815B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/54—Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/56—Active balancing, e.g. using capacitor-based, inductor-based or DC-DC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power technologies, and in particular, to an apparatus and system for equalizing battery energy.
  • the rechargeable battery pack contains a plurality of battery cells, and the internal resistance and capacity of the battery cells change with the length of use, which leads to a difference in terminal voltages of different battery cells, resulting in overcharging or failure of the battery cells. full. Overcharging of the battery cell can damage the battery cell, and the battery cell is not full, which will cause waste of resources. Therefore, how to achieve energy balance distribution between individual battery cells is a problem to be solved.
  • a method for realizing energy balance distribution between individual battery cells in a battery pack may be: transmitting energy between each battery cell by means of radio energy transmission, setting a switch in each circuit of the battery cell, and for each The battery unit is configured with a control unit for status information detection and on/off control of the battery unit. After receiving the status information reported by each control unit, the system determines which battery cells need to be charged or discharged. For battery cells that need to be charged or discharged, the switches in the circuits of these battery cells are controlled by the control unit; for battery cells that do not need to be charged or discharged, the switches in the circuits of these battery cells are controlled by the control unit. Shut down.
  • the above method achieves the energy balance distribution between the battery cells to some extent, the above method requires a control unit and a switch for each battery cell, and the control structure is complicated, and the above solution needs to frequently trigger multiple switches. The turn-on and turn-off operations of each switch consume energy, which leads to a large resource overhead of the above solution.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus and system for equalizing energy of a battery pack, which are used to realize energy balance distribution among battery cells in a battery pack, and avoid using an existing energy balance distribution between battery cells in the battery pack.
  • the technical solution has the problems of complicated control structure and large resource overhead.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for equalizing battery energy, the apparatus comprising: a transmitting coil, a plurality of receiving coils, and a plurality of rectifiers.
  • the transmitting coil is configured to emit electromagnetic waves generated by the input first alternating current to the plurality of receiving coils;
  • Each of the plurality of receiving coils has the same parameter value, and each of the receiving coils is coupled to the transmitting coil by electromagnetic induction using the same coupling strength, and each receiving coil is configured to receive electromagnetic waves emitted by the transmitting coil, and according to Electromagnetic waves generate and output a second alternating current;
  • the plurality of rectifiers are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of receiving coils, and each of the plurality of rectifiers is configured to convert the input second alternating current into a direct current, output to one battery cell in the battery pack, and the plurality of rectifiers One-to-one correspondence with a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack.
  • the first alternating current can be provided by a controlled alternating current source.
  • Controlled AC sources can be implemented in a variety of ways, such as through full-bridge inverters and full-bridge inverter control units, either through half-bridge inverters and half-bridge inverter control units, or through single-phase three-level
  • the inverter and the single-phase three-level inverter control unit are implemented either by a power amplifier and a power amplifier control unit.
  • the equivalent resistance of each battery cell may be different, thereby causing each battery to be different.
  • the energy distribution of each cell is not balanced. Specifically, the terminal voltage of the battery cell having a large equivalent resistance is high, and the energy of the battery cell is high; the terminal voltage of the battery cell having a small equivalent resistance is low, and the energy of the battery cell is small.
  • the equivalent resistance of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil in parallel is only It depends on the size of the equivalent resistance of the battery cell.
  • the equivalent resistance of the battery cell is large, the equivalent resistance of the battery cell in parallel with the corresponding receiving coil is large, and the equivalent resistance composed of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil in parallel is mapped in the transmitting coil, etc.
  • the effective resistance is small, so according to the principle of series voltage division, the equivalent resistance formed by the parallel connection of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil is lower by the transmitting coil, and the energy obtained is less.
  • the equivalent resistance of the battery cell When the equivalent resistance of the battery cell is small, the equivalent resistance of the battery cell in parallel with the corresponding receiving coil is small, and the equivalent resistance of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil in parallel is equivalent in the transmitting coil.
  • the resistance is relatively large. Therefore, according to the principle of series voltage division, the equivalent resistance formed by the parallel connection of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil is higher by the transmitting coil, and the energy is more divided.
  • the battery cell having a large equivalent resistance has more energy, and the battery cell having a smaller equivalent resistance has less energy.
  • the energy of the battery cells with more energy before the connection can be achieved, and the energy of the battery cells with less energy before the connection is more, that is, the energy is realized.
  • the energy distribution of the plurality of battery cells is balanced.
  • the apparatus for equalizing the energy of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not need to set multiple control units and multiple switches to control according to the number of battery cells in the battery pack as in the prior art solution, and the control structure is simple and unnecessary.
  • the on and off operations of a plurality of switches are frequently triggered as in the prior art scheme, and the resource overhead is small.
  • the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are coupled by electromagnetic induction, and are not connected by a wire method or a transformer method, so that there is no direct physical contact between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil, thereby realizing physical isolation, thereby making the entire device Smaller in size and lighter in weight.
  • each receiving coil is coupled to the transmitting coil with the same coupling strength: the coil type of each receiving coil is the same; each receiving coil has the same vertical distance from the transmitting coil, and In each receiving coil, the distance between every two adjacent receiving coils is the same.
  • the device for equalizing battery energy further includes:
  • a first coupling capacitor connected to the transmitting coil, configured to remove a DC component of the input first alternating current, and output a first alternating current that removes the direct current component to the transmitting coil;
  • each of the plurality of second coupling capacitors for removing the input second alternating current
  • the DC component in the output, the second AC current that removes the DC component is output to one of the plurality of rectifiers.
  • the first coupling capacitor can function as a “DC-blocking AC”, so that the DC component in the first AC current can be removed, so that the first AC current input to the transmitting coil can be used to a greater extent.
  • the plurality of second coupling capacitors can achieve removal of the DC component of the second AC current such that the second AC current input to the plurality of rectifiers can be used to perform the inverter to a greater extent.
  • the parameter value of each of the plurality of receiving coils may be a value of the inductance of each receiving coil, and a resistance of the parasitic resistance of each receiving coil.
  • the parameters of each receiving coil can be various, such as the inductance of the receiving coil and the parasitic resistance of the receiving coil.
  • the parameters of the receiving coil are the inductance of the receiving coil and the parasitic resistance of the receiving coil
  • the parameter values of each receiving coil are the same.
  • the value of the inductance of each receiving coil is the same, and each receiving coil The parasitic resistance has the same resistance.
  • the waveform of the first alternating current may be a square wave or a sine wave, but is not limited to the two waveforms.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for equalizing battery energy, the system comprising:
  • a controlled alternating current source for generating and outputting a first alternating current
  • the apparatus for equalizing battery energy provided by the first aspect or any of the possible implementation manners thereof is respectively connected to the controlled alternating current source and the battery pack for inputting the first alternating current output of the controlled alternating current source,
  • An alternating current current generates a plurality of direct currents, and outputs a plurality of direct currents to the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack, wherein the plurality of direct currents are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery cells;
  • the battery pack is coupled to the means for equalizing the energy of the battery pack for inputting a plurality of direct currents output by the means for equalizing the energy of the battery pack.
  • the energy balance distribution of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack can be achieved by means of equalizing the energy of the battery pack.
  • the power supply for the first alternating current generated by the controlled AC source can be provided in two ways:
  • One way is to provide power to the controlled AC source by the battery pack in the above system, at which time at least one battery cell in the battery pack is connected to the controlled AC source, and at least one battery cell supplies power to the controlled AC source.
  • the power source is used to generate a first alternating current from the controlled AC source.
  • the energy balance distribution of the plurality of battery cells included in the battery pack can be realized without external power supply.
  • system further includes:
  • a battery pack other than the battery pack, connected to a controlled AC source, is used to provide power to the controlled AC source, and the power source is used to generate a first AC current from the controlled AC source.
  • a plurality of battery cells included in the battery pack can be charged while achieving energy balance distribution of the plurality of battery cells included in the battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for equalizing energy of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a possible positional relationship between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil in an apparatus for equalizing battery energy according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for equalizing battery energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a device including a controlled AC source and its power source, and equalizing the energy of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. And a schematic structural view of the device of the battery pack;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first system for equalizing battery energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second system for equalizing battery energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third system for equalizing battery energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention relates to equalizing the energy of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells.
  • the battery pack is continuously charged and discharged in the process of using the battery pack, which causes a difference in internal resistance and capacity of each battery cell, thereby causing each There is a difference in the terminal voltage of the battery cells.
  • a battery cell with a high terminal voltage may overcharge, thereby damaging the battery cell; a battery cell with a low terminal voltage may be unfilled, thereby causing waste of energy output by other battery cells. Therefore, how to balance the energy distribution of a plurality of battery cells included in the battery pack is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus and system for equalizing energy of a battery pack, which are used to realize energy balance distribution among battery cells in a battery pack, and avoid using an existing energy balance distribution between battery cells in the battery pack.
  • the scheme has the problems of complicated control structure and large resource overhead.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a device for equalizing the energy of a battery pack.
  • the device 100 for equalizing the energy of the battery pack (hereinafter referred to as the device 100) includes:
  • the transmitting coil 101 is configured to input a first alternating current, and emit electromagnetic waves generated by the first alternating current to the plurality of receiving coils 102;
  • each of the plurality of receiving coils 102 have the same parameter value, and each of the receiving coils 102 is coupled to the transmitting coil 101 by electromagnetic induction using the same coupling strength, and each receiving coil 102 is used.
  • each of the plurality of rectifiers 103 is configured to: convert the input second alternating current into a direct current, and output the same to the battery pack One of the battery cells, the plurality of rectifiers 103 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack.
  • the waveform of the first alternating current is not limited.
  • the waveform of the first alternating current may be a square wave or a sine wave, or may be an arbitrary waveform.
  • the first alternating current input by device 100 can be from a controlled alternating current source.
  • Controlled AC sources can be implemented in a variety of ways, such as through full-bridge inverters and full-bridge inverter control units, either through half-bridge inverters and half-bridge inverter control units, or through single-phase three-level
  • the inverter and the single-phase three-level inverter control unit are implemented either by a power amplifier and a power amplifier control unit.
  • the power source for supplying a direct current may be all or part of the battery cells in the battery pack charged by the device 100, or may be other battery cells or battery packs other than the battery pack being charged.
  • the battery pack configured with the device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention can realize the battery pack included without external power supply.
  • the energy balance of the battery cells When the power supply for supplying a direct current is a battery cell or a battery pack other than the battery pack being charged, the device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention can charge the battery pack in addition to the energy balance distribution of the battery pack.
  • the number of controlled communication sources can be one or more.
  • the plurality of controlled AC sources may be connected in parallel to generate a first AC current, and the current value of the first AC current is a sum of current values of currents generated by the plurality of controlled AC sources.
  • the plurality of controlled AC sources may be connected to a device for equalizing the battery pack energy provided by the embodiment, or each of the plurality of controlled AC sources may be connected to a device for equalizing the battery pack energy provided by the embodiment. Still alternatively, a portion of the plurality of controlled AC sources are coupled to a means for equalizing the battery pack energy provided by the present embodiment to achieve a balanced distribution of energy between the individual cells in the battery pack.
  • the type and number of devices providing the first alternating current and the implementation of the device are not limited in this embodiment.
  • a device for detecting the energy of each battery cell in the battery pack may be set to detect the energy of the battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may be enabled.
  • Device 100 In a specific implementation, a switch may be disposed on the wire connected to the transmitting coil in the device 100, and the switch is closed when detecting that the energy of each battery cell is unbalanced, thereby starting the device 100; detecting the energy indicating each battery cell The switch is turned off during equalization, thereby turning off the device 100.
  • the device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a device packaged together with a battery pack to be charged, or may be a separately packaged device.
  • the equivalent resistance of each battery cell may be different, thereby causing the terminal voltage of each battery cell.
  • the difference is that the energy distribution of each battery cell is not balanced. Specifically, the terminal voltage of the battery cell having a large equivalent resistance is high, and the energy of the battery cell is high; the terminal voltage of the battery cell having a small equivalent resistance is low, and the energy of the battery cell is small.
  • the magnitude of the equivalent resistance of the battery cells in parallel with the corresponding receiving coils 102 depends only on the size.
  • the size of the equivalent resistance of the battery cell When the equivalent resistance of the battery cell is large, the equivalent resistance of the battery cell in parallel with the corresponding receiving coil 102 is large, and the equivalent resistance composed of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil 102 in parallel is in the transmitting coil 101.
  • the equivalent resistance of the mapping is small, so according to the principle of series voltage division, the equivalent resistance formed by the parallel connection of the battery cells and the corresponding receiving coils 102 is lower by the transmitting coil 101, and the energy obtained is less.
  • the equivalent resistance of the battery cell When the equivalent resistance of the battery cell is small, the equivalent resistance of the battery cell in parallel with the corresponding receiving coil 102 is small, and the equivalent resistance composed of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil 102 in parallel is mapped in the transmitting coil 101.
  • the equivalent resistance is large. Therefore, according to the principle of series voltage division, the equivalent resistance formed by the parallel connection of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil 102 is higher by the transmitting coil 101, and the energy is more divided.
  • the battery cells having a large equivalent resistance have more energy, and the battery cells having a smaller equivalent resistance have less energy.
  • the battery cells that have more energy before the connection can be allocated less energy, and the battery cells with less energy before the connection are more energy, that is, multiple battery cells are realized. The energy balance is distributed.
  • the apparatus 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not need to set multiple control units and multiple switches to be controlled according to the number of battery cells in the battery pack as in the prior art solution, and the control structure is simple, and does not need to be like the prior art.
  • the scheme triggers the on and off operations of multiple switches as frequently as the scheme, and the resource overhead is small.
  • the receiving coil 102 and the transmitting coil 101 is coupled by electromagnetic induction, and is not connected by wire or transformer, so that there is no direct physical contact between the receiving coil 102 and the transmitting coil 101, physical isolation is achieved, so that the device 100 is small in size. Lighter weight.
  • the output voltage of the controlled alternating current source is adjustable, when the current value of the second alternating current output by the device 100 is too small, the plurality of batteries The energy balance capability of the monomer will decrease. At this time, the output voltage of the controlled AC source can be increased, and the current value of the second AC current can be increased, thereby enhancing the energy balance capability of the plurality of battery cells.
  • the output voltage of the controlled alternating current source can be reduced to increase the charging efficiency of the device 100.
  • each receiving coil 102 is coupled to the transmitting coil 101 with the same coupling strength, which can be achieved by the same coil type of each receiving coil 102; each receiving coil 102 has the same vertical distance from the transmitting coil 101, and In each of the receiving coils 102, the distance between every two adjacent receiving coils 102 is the same.
  • the coil type may be a shape of a coil, such as a circular coil or a square coil.
  • the coil type of each receiving coil 102 the position at which the receiving coil 102 and the transmitting coil 101 are placed, the coupling strength of each of the receiving coil 102 and the transmitting coil 101 can be made the same.
  • a possible positional relationship between the transmitting coils 101 and the receiving coils 102 may be as shown in picture 2.
  • the placement position relationship satisfies: the receiving coils 102 are evenly distributed in the transmitting coils, and each of the receiving coils 102 has the same vertical distance from the transmitting coils 101 (the spatial characteristics of each of the receiving coils 102 and the transmitting coils 101 are not shown in FIG. 2). The relationship of vertical distance).
  • the transmitting coil 101 and the six receiving coils 102 are placed in the positional relationship shown in FIG. 2, and the parameter values of the six receiving coils 102 are the same, the coupling strength of the six receiving coils 102 and the transmitting coil 101 can be achieved. .
  • the device 100 may further include a first coupling capacitor and a plurality of second coupling capacitors. among them,
  • the first coupling capacitor is connected to the transmitting coil 101 for removing the DC component of the input first alternating current, and outputting the first alternating current for removing the direct current component to the transmitting coil 101;
  • a plurality of second coupling capacitors are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of rectifiers 103, and are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of receiving coils 102.
  • Each of the plurality of second coupling capacitors is used to: remove the input
  • the direct current component of the alternating current outputs a second alternating current that removes the direct current component to one of the plurality of rectifiers 103.
  • the device 100 When the device 100 includes a first coupling capacitor and a plurality of second coupling capacitors, the device 100 can be as shown in FIG.
  • the device 100 in FIG. 3 is provided with a first coupling capacitor 104 and a plurality of second coupling capacitors 105.
  • the first coupling capacitor 104 can function as a "DC-blocking AC", so that the DC component in the first AC current can be removed, so that the first AC current input to the transmitting coil 101 can be used to generate electromagnetic waves to a greater extent.
  • the plurality of second coupling capacitors 105 can achieve removal of the DC component of the second AC current such that the second AC current input to the plurality of rectifiers 103 can be used to perform the inverter to a greater extent.
  • the parameter values of each of the plurality of receiving coils 102 are the same, specifically: the inductance of each receiving coil 102 is the same, and the resistance of each receiving coil 102 is the same.
  • the first alternating current input by the device 100 can be from a controlled alternating current source, and the controlled alternating current source inverts the direct current provided by the power source to generate a first alternating current, and the device 100 performs the first alternating current input. After processing, the output is charged to a plurality of battery cells included in the battery pack.
  • a device comprising a controlled AC source and its power source, means for equalizing the energy of the battery pack, and a battery pack can be as shown in FIG.
  • a class E power amplifier can be regarded as a specific implementation of a controlled alternating current source and its power source for generating a first alternating current and inputting the generated first alternating current to a device for equalizing the energy of the battery pack;
  • the device for equalizing the energy of the battery pack processes the first alternating current to obtain a direct current, and outputs the N battery cells (B 1 , B 2 . . . B N ) included in the battery pack to be charged.
  • the apparatus for equalizing the energy of the battery pack in FIG. 4 may be the apparatus 100 for equalizing the energy of the battery pack provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
  • S w is the control switch of the entire device, and when the N battery cells (B 1 , B 2 ... B N ) do not need to be energy balanced, the control switch S w is turned off. When N battery cells (B 1 , B 2 ... B N ) are required to perform energy equalization, the control switch S w is closed, and the DC current generated by the DC power source is converted into the first AC current output after being inverted.
  • L t is a transmitting coil
  • L r1 , L r2 ... L rN are N receiving coils
  • R ec1 , R ec2 ... R ecN are N rectifiers
  • B N is the N battery cells included in the battery pack
  • C t is the first coupling capacitor
  • C r1 , C r2 ... C rN are N second coupling capacitors
  • k1, k2...kN respectively represent N receiving coils
  • the coupling strength of L r1 , L r2 ... L rN and the transmitting coil L t are the transmitting coil L t .
  • the transmitting coil L t transmits the electromagnetic wave generated by the input first alternating current to the N receiving coils L r1 , L r2 ... L rN ; the parameter values of the N receiving coils L r1 , L r2 ... L rN are the same and the transmitting coil
  • the N receiving coils L r1 , L r2 ... L rN receive the battery wave emitted by the transmitting coil L t , and generate a second alternating current according to the received electromagnetic waves, and output to the N rectifiers R ec1 R ec2 ... R ecN ; N rectifiers Rec 1 , Rec 2 ...
  • Rec N respectively convert the second alternating current into a direct current, and the output direct current is charged for N battery cells B 1 , B 2 ... B N , respectively .
  • process B 2 ... B N N charging the battery cells B 1 may be implemented N battery cells B 1, B 2 ... B N of the energy balance.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for equalizing the energy of the battery pack.
  • the system 500 for equalizing the energy of the battery pack includes:
  • a controlled alternating current source 501 for generating and outputting a first alternating current
  • the device 502 for equalizing the energy of the battery pack is respectively connected to the controlled AC source 501 and the battery pack 503 for inputting the first alternating current outputted by the controlled alternating current source 501, and generating a plurality of direct currents after processing the first alternating current, and Outputting a plurality of direct currents to the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack 503, and the plurality of direct currents are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery cells;
  • the battery pack 503 is coupled to the means 502 for equalizing the energy of the battery pack for inputting a plurality of direct currents output by the means 502 for equalizing the energy of the battery pack.
  • the function and specific implementation manner of the controlled AC source 501 are detailed in the related description of the device 100 for equalizing the battery pack energy shown in FIG. 1; the device 502 for equalizing the battery pack energy may be the equalized battery shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.
  • the energy pack device 100; the battery pack 503 may be a battery pack connected to the device 100 for equalizing the battery pack energy shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 3, and details are not described herein again.
  • the system 500 for equalizing battery energy shown in FIG. 5 can achieve an energy balanced distribution of a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack 503 by means 502 of equalizing battery energy.
  • the battery pack 503 is further configured to: connect at least one battery cell in the battery pack 503 to the controlled AC source 501, and the at least one battery cell provides power to the controlled AC source 501 for controlled communication.
  • Source 501 produces a first alternating current.
  • the system 500 of battery energy can be as shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the first battery cell in the battery pack 503 is powered by the controlled AC source 501. In actual implementation, any one or more of the battery cells 503 can be controlled to communicate.
  • Source 501 provides power.
  • the system 500 for equalizing the battery pack energy shown in FIG. 5 can implement the battery pack 503 without any external power source. The energy balance of the battery cells.
  • the system further includes: a battery pack other than the battery pack 503, connected to the controlled AC source 501 for providing power to the controlled AC source 501 for the controlled AC source 501 generation.
  • a battery pack other than the battery pack 503 connected to the controlled AC source 501 for providing power to the controlled AC source 501 for the controlled AC source 501 generation.
  • An alternating current An alternating current.
  • the system 500 for equalizing the battery pack energy shown in FIG. 5 can be as shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, other battery packs other than the battery pack 503 can charge a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack 503.
  • the system 500 for equalizing the battery pack energy shown in FIG. 5 can achieve energy equalization distribution of the plurality of battery cells included in the battery pack 503. At the same time, a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack 503 are charged.
  • the battery pack Before the battery pack is connected to the device for equalizing the energy of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the battery pack is charged and discharged continuously during the process of using the battery pack, which may cause a difference in the equivalent resistance of each battery cell. This in turn causes a difference in the terminal voltage of each battery cell, that is, the energy distribution of each battery cell is not balanced. Specifically, the terminal voltage of the battery cell having a large equivalent resistance is high, and the energy of the battery cell is high; the terminal voltage of the battery cell having a small equivalent resistance is low, and the energy of the battery cell is small.
  • the battery pack is connected to the device for equalizing the energy of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • the battery cells are combined with the corresponding receiving coils, etc.
  • the size of the effective resistor depends only on the equivalent resistance of the battery cell. When the equivalent resistance of the battery cell is large, the equivalent resistance of the battery cell in parallel with the corresponding receiving coil is large, and the equivalent resistance composed of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil in parallel is mapped in the transmitting coil, etc.
  • the effective resistance is small, so according to the principle of series voltage division, the equivalent resistance formed by the parallel connection of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil is lower by the transmitting coil, and the energy obtained is less.
  • the equivalent resistance of the battery cell When the equivalent resistance of the battery cell is small, the equivalent resistance of the battery cell in parallel with the corresponding receiving coil is small, and the equivalent resistance of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil in parallel is equivalent in the transmitting coil.
  • the resistance is relatively large. Therefore, according to the principle of series voltage division, the equivalent resistance formed by the parallel connection of the battery cell and the corresponding receiving coil is higher by the transmitting coil, and the energy is more divided.
  • the battery cell having a large equivalent resistance has more energy, and the energy of the battery cell having a smaller equivalent resistance is less.
  • the energy of the battery cells with more energy before the connection can be achieved, and the energy of the battery cells with less energy before the connection is more, that is, the energy is realized.
  • the energy distribution of the plurality of battery cells is balanced.
  • the apparatus and system for equalizing battery energy provided by the embodiments of the present invention do not need to set multiple control units and multiple switches to control according to the number of battery cells in the battery pack as in the prior art solution, and the control structure is simple, and It is not necessary to frequently trigger the on and off operations of a plurality of switches as in the prior art solution, and the resource overhead is small.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may employ computer programs implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) in which computer usable program code is embodied. The form of the product.
  • computer usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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Abstract

一种均衡电池组能量的装置（100）及系统（500），用以实现电池组中各个电池单体间能量均衡分布，避免出现采用现有的实现电池组中各个电池单体间能量均衡分布的技术方案存在控制结构复杂、资源开销大的问题。该均衡电池组能量的装置包括：发射线圈（101），用于将输入的第一交流电流产生的电磁波发射至多个接收线圈（102）；多个接收线圈，多个接收线圈中的每个接收线圈的参数值相同，每个接收线圈采用相同耦合强度与发射线圈耦合，每个接收线圈用于接收发射线圈发射的电磁波，并根据电磁波产生并输出第二交流电流；多个整流器（103），多个整流器与多个接收线圈一一对应连接；多个整流器中的每个整流器用于将输入的第二交流电流转换为直流电流，输出至电池组中的一个电池单体，多个整流器与电池组中的多个电池单体一一对应连接。

Description

一种均衡电池组能量的装置及系统
本申请要求在2016年08月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610740684.8、发明名称为“一种均衡电池组能量的装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电力技术领域，尤其涉及一种均衡电池组能量的装置及系统。
背景技术
可重复充电的电池组包含多个电池单体，电池单体的内阻和容量会随着使用时长而发生变化，进而导致不同电池单体的端电压存在差异，造成电池单体过充或未充满。电池单体过充会损害电池单体，电池单体未充满会造成资源浪费。因而，如何实现各个电池单体间能量均衡分布是一个待解决的问题。
一种实现电池组中各个电池单体间能量均衡分布的方法可以是：各个电池单体间采用无线电能传输的方式传输能量，在每一个电池单体的电路中设置一个开关，并为每一个电池单体配置一个控制单元对电池单体进行状态信息检测和导通/关断控制。系统在接收到各个控制单元上报的状态信息后判断哪些电池单体需要进行充电或放电。对于需要充电或放电的电池单体，由控制单元控制这些电池单体的电路中的开关导通；对于不需要充电或放电的电池单体，由控制单元控制这些电池单体的电路中的开关关断。上述方法虽然在一定程度上实现了各个电池单体间能量均衡分布，但是采用上述方法需要为每一个电池单体配置一个控制单元和一个开关，控制结构复杂，而且上述方案需要频繁触发多个开关的导通和关断操作，每个开关的导通或关断都会消耗能量，因而会导致上述方案的资源开销大。
综上，现有的实现电池组中各个电池单体间能量均衡分布的技术方案存在控制结构复杂、资源开销大的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种均衡电池组能量的装置及系统，用以实现电池组中各个电池单体间能量均衡分布，避免出现采用现有的实现电池组中各个电池单体间能量均衡分布的技术方案存在控制结构复杂、资源开销大的问题。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种均衡电池组能量的装置，该装置包括：发射线圈、多个接收线圈和多个整流器。
发射线圈用于将输入的第一交流电流产生的电磁波发射至多个接收线圈；
多个接收线圈中的每个接收线圈的参数值相同，每个接收线圈均采用相同的耦合强度与发射线圈通过电磁感应的方式耦合，每个接收线圈用于接收发射线圈发射的电磁波，并根据电磁波产生并输出第二交流电流；
多个整流器与多个接收线圈一一对应连接，多个整流器中的每个整流器用于，将输入的第二交流电流转换为直流电流，输出至电池组中的一个电池单体，多个整流器与电池组中的多个电池单体一一对应。
其中，第一交流电流可以由受控交流源提供。受控交流源的实现方式有多种，比如通过全桥逆变器和全桥逆变控制单元实现，或者通过半桥逆变器和半桥逆变控制单元实现，或者通过单相三电平逆变器和单相三电平逆变控制单元实现，或者通过功率放大器和功率放大器控制单元实现。
电池组与上述均衡电池组能量的装置连接之前，由于使用电池组的过程中随着不断为电池组进行充电、放电，会导致每个电池单体的等效电阻出现差异，进而导致每个电池单体的端电压出现差异，即每个电池单体的能量分布不均衡。具体为：等效电阻大的电池单体的端电压较高，该电池单体的能量较多；等效电阻小的电池单体的端电压较低，该电池单体的能量较少。
电池组与上述均衡电池组能量的装置连接后，由于每个接收线圈的参数值相同，且与发射线圈的耦合强度相同，因而电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻的大小仅取决于电池单体的等效电阻的大小。当电池单体的等效电阻较大时，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻较大，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻在发射线圈中映射的等效电阻较小，因而根据串联分压原理，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻通过发射线圈分得的电压较低，进而分得的能量较少。当电池单体的等效电阻较小时，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻较小，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻在发射线圈中映射的等效电阻较大，因而根据串联分压原理，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻通过发射线圈分得的电压较高，进而分得的能量较多。
相比于电池组与上述均衡电池组能量的装置连接之前，等效电阻大的电池单体的能量较多，等效电阻小的电池单体的能量较少。电池组与上述均衡电池组能量的装置连接之后，可实现连接之前能量较多的电池单体分得的能量较少，连接之前能量较少的电池单体分得的能量较多，即实现了多个电池单体的能量均衡分布。
此外，本发明实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置不需要像现有技术方案那样根据电池组中电池单体的数量设置多个控制单元和多个开关去控制，控制结构简单，且不需要像现有技术方案那样频繁触发多个开关的导通和关断操作，资源开销小。
此外，接收线圈与发射线圈通过电磁感应的方式耦合，而并不是通过导线方式或者变压器方式连接，可以使得接收线圈和发射线圈之间没有直接的物理接触，实现了物理隔离，从而使整个装置的体积较小、重量较轻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每个接收线圈采用相同的耦合强度与发射线圈耦合可通过以下方式实现：每个接收线圈的线圈类型相同；每个接收线圈与发射线圈的垂直距离相同，且每个接收线圈中，每两个相邻的接收线圈之间的距离相同。
采用上述方案，通过设置每个接收线圈的线圈类型以及每个接收线圈与发射线圈的摆放位置关系，可以实现每个接收线圈采用相同的耦合强度与发射线圈耦合。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该均衡电池组能量的装置还包括：
与发射线圈连接的第一耦合电容，用于去除输入的第一交流电流中的直流分量，将去除直流分量的第一交流电流输出至发射线圈；
与多个整流器一一对应连接，并且与多个接收线圈一一对应连接的多个第二耦合电容，多个第二耦合电容中的每个第二耦合电容用于去除输入的第二交流电流中的直流分量，将去除直流分量的第二交流电流输出至多个整流器中的一个整流器。
采用上述方案，第一耦合电容可以起到“隔直流通交流”的作用，从而可以实现去除第一交流电流中的直流分量，使得输入给发射线圈的第一交流电流能更大程度地用于产生电磁波。多个第二耦合电容可以实现去除第二交流电流中的直流分量，使得输入给多个整流器的第二交流电流能更大程度地用于进行逆变。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个接收线圈中的每个接收线圈的参数值可以是每个接收线圈的电感量的数值，以及每个接收线圈的寄生电阻的阻值。
其中，每个接收线圈的参数可以有多种，比如接收线圈的电感量、接收线圈的寄生电阻。当接收线圈的参数为接收线圈的电感量、接收线圈的寄生电阻时，每个接收线圈的参数值相同在具体实现时可以为：每个接收线圈的电感量的数值相同，并且每个接收线圈的寄生电阻的阻值相同。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一交流电流的波形可以为方波或正弦波，但不限于这两种波形。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种均衡电池组能量的系统，该系统包括：
受控交流源，用于产生并输出第一交流电流；
如上述第一方面或其任一种可能的实现方式提供的均衡电池组能量的装置，分别与受控交流源和电池组连接，用于输入受控交流源输出的第一交流电流，对第一交流电流处理后产生多个直流电流，并将多个直流电流分别输出至电池组中的多个电池单体，多个直流电流与多个电池单体一一对应；
电池组，与均衡电池组能量的装置连接，用于输入均衡电池组能量的装置输出的多个直流电流。
采用上述方案，可通过均衡电池组能量的装置实现电池组中的多个电池单体的能量均衡分布。
上述系统中，用于受控交流源产生第一交流电流的电源可以通过以下两种方式提供：
一种方式是：由上述系统中的电池组为受控交流源提供电源，此时电池组中的至少一个电池单体与受控交流源连接，至少一个电池单体为受控交流源提供电源，电源用于受控交流源产生第一交流电流。
采用上述方案，可以在不外接其他电源的情况下，实现电池组包括的多个电池单体的能量均衡分布。
另一种方式是：在一种可能的实现方式中，该系统还包括：
除电池组之外的其他电池组，与受控交流源连接，用于为受控交流源提供电源，电源用于受控交流源产生第一交流电流。
采用上述方案，可以在实现电池组包括的多个电池单体的能量均衡分布的同时，为电池组包括的多个电池单体进行充电。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种均衡电池组能量的装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中提供的均衡电池组能量的装置中发射线圈与接收线圈的一种可能的位置关系的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的另一种均衡电池组能量的装置的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种包括受控交流源及其电源、均衡电池组能量的装置以 及电池组的装置的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的第一种均衡电池组能量的系统的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的第二种均衡电池组能量的系统的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的第三种均衡电池组能量的系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明实施例的上述目的、方案和优势，下文提供了详细描述。该详细描述通过使用框图、流程图等附图和/或示例，阐明了装置和/或方法的各种实施方式。在这些框图、流程图和/或示例中，包含一个或多个功能和/或操作。本领域技术人员将理解到：这些框图、流程图或示例内的各个功能和/或操作，能够通过各种各样的硬件、软件、固件单独或共同实施，或者通过硬件、软件和固件的任意组合实施。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案涉及使电池组中的多个电池单体的能量均衡，通常电池组包括多个电池单体。对于多个电池单体串联组成的电池组来说，使用电池组的过程中随着不断为电池组进行充电、放电，会导致每个电池单体的内阻和容量出现差异，进而导致每个电池单体的端电压出现差异。端电压高的电池单体会出现过充现象，进而损害该电池单体；端电压低的电池单体会出现电量未充满的现象，进而造成其他电池单体输出的能量的浪费。因此，如何使电池组包括的多个电池单体的能量均衡分布是一个亟待解决的问题。
本发明实施例提供一种均衡电池组能量的装置及系统，用以实现电池组中各个电池单体间能量均衡分布，避免出现采用现有的实现电池组中各个电池单体间能量均衡分布的方案存在的控制结构复杂、资源开销大的问题。
下面，结合附图对本发明实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置及系统进行详细说明。
本发明实施例提供一种均衡电池组能量的装置，如图1所示，均衡电池组能量的装置100(以下简称装置100)包括：
发射线圈101，用于输入第一交流电流，将第一交流电流产生的电磁波发射至多个接收线圈102；
多个接收线圈102，多个接收线圈102中的每个接收线圈102的参数值相同，每个接收线圈102采用相同的耦合强度与发射线圈101通过电磁感应的方式耦合，每个接收线圈102用于：接收发射线圈101发射的电磁波，并根据电磁波产生并输出第二交流电流；
多个整流器103，多个整流器103与多个接收线圈102一一对应连接；多个整流器103中的每个整流器103用于：将输入的第二交流电流转换为直流电流，输出至电池组中的一个电池单体，多个整流器103与电池组的多个电池单体一一对应。
本发明实施例中对第一交流电流的波形不做限制，比如第一交流电流的波形可以为方波或正弦波，也可以为任意波形。
装置100输入的第一交流电流可以来自受控交流源。受控交流源的实现方式有多种，比如通过全桥逆变器和全桥逆变控制单元实现，或者通过半桥逆变器和半桥逆变控制单元实现，或者通过单相三电平逆变器和单相三电平逆变控制单元实现，或者通过功率放大器和功率放大器控制单元实现。
当第一交流电流来自受控交流源时，受控交流源需要将电源提供的直流电流进行逆变后产生第一交流电流。其中，提供直流电流的电源可以是被装置100充电的电池组中全部或者部分电池单体，也可以是除被充电的电池组之外的其他电池单体或电池组。当提供直 流电流的电源是被装置100充电的电池组中全部或者部分电池单体时，配置了本发明实施例提供的装置100的电池组在无需外接其他电源的情况下，可以实现电池组包括的多个电池单体的能量均衡分布。当提供直流电流的电源是除被充电的电池组之外的其他电池单体或电池组时，本发明实施例提供的装置100除了可以实现电池组的能量均衡分布，还可以为电池组充电。
受控交流源的数量可以为一个也可以为多个。当受控交流源为多个时，多个受控交流源可以并联后共同产生第一交流电流，第一交流电流的电流值为多个受控交流源产生的电流的电流值之和。多个受控交流源可以共同连接一个本实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置，或者，多个受控交流源中的每个交流源连接一个本实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置，又或者，多个受控交流源中的部分交流源连接一个本实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置，以实现电池组中各个电池单体之间能量的均衡分布。
本实施例中并不限定提供第一交流电流的器件的类型、数量以及器件的实现方式。
本发明实施例中，可设置检测电池组中各个电池单体的能量的装置来检测电池单体的能量，当检测结果指示各个电池单体的能量不均衡时，即可启用本发明实施例提供的装置100。在具体实现时，可在装置100中发射线圈所连接的导线上设置开关，在检测指示各个电池单体的能量不均衡时将开关闭合，从而启动装置100；在检测指示各个电池单体的能量均衡时将开关关断，从而关闭装置100。
同样需要说明的是，本发明实施例提供的装置100在具体实现时，可以是与被充电的电池组封装在一起的装置，也可以是单独封装的装置。
电池组与装置100连接之前，由于使用电池组的过程中随着不断为电池组进行充电、放电，会导致每个电池单体的等效电阻出现差异，进而导致每个电池单体的端电压出现差异，即每个电池单体的能量分布不均衡。具体为：等效电阻大的电池单体的端电压较高，该电池单体的能量较多；等效电阻小的电池单体的端电压较低，该电池单体的能量较少。
电池组与装置100连接后，由于每个接收线圈102的参数值相同，且与发射线圈101的耦合强度相同，因而电池单体与对应的接收线圈102并联组成的等效电阻的大小仅取决于电池单体的等效电阻的大小。当电池单体的等效电阻较大时，电池单体与对应的接收线圈102并联组成的等效电阻较大，电池单体与对应的接收线圈102并联组成的等效电阻在发射线圈101中映射的等效电阻较小，因而根据串联分压原理，电池单体与对应的接收线圈102并联组成的等效电阻通过发射线圈101分得的电压较低，进而分得的能量较少。当电池单体的等效电阻较小时，电池单体与对应的接收线圈102并联组成的等效电阻较小，电池单体与对应的接收线圈102并联组成的等效电阻在发射线圈101中映射的等效电阻较大，因而根据串联分压原理，电池单体与对应的接收线圈102并联组成的等效电阻通过发射线圈101分得的电压较高，进而分得的能量较多。
相比于电池组与装置100连接之前，等效电阻大的电池单体的能量较多，等效电阻小的电池单体的能量较少。电池组与装置100连接之后，可实现连接之前能量较多的电池单体分得的能量较少，连接之前能量较少的电池单体分得的能量较多，即实现了多个电池单体的能量均衡分布。
此外，本发明实施例提供的装置100不需要像现有技术方案那样根据电池组中电池单体的数量设置多个控制单元和多个开关去控制，控制结构简单，且不需要像现有技术方案那样频繁触发多个开关的导通和关断操作，资源开销小。同时，接收线圈102与发射线圈 101通过电磁感应的方式耦合，而并不是通过导线方式或者变压器方式连接，可以使得接收线圈102和发射线圈101之间没有直接的物理接触，实现了物理隔离，从而使装置100的体积较小、重量较轻。
此外，当装置100输入的第一交流电流由受控交流源提供时，由于受控交流源的输出电压可调，因此，当装置100输出的第二交流电流的电流值过小时，多个电池单体的能量均衡能力会下降，此时可以通过增大受控交流源的输出电压，增加第二交流电流的电流值，进而增强多个电池单体的能量均衡能力。当装置100的充电效率过低时，可以减小受控交流源的输出电压，以提高装置100的充电效率。
可选地，每个接收线圈102采用相同的耦合强度与发射线圈101耦合可通过如下方式实现：每个接收线圈102的线圈类型相同；每个接收线圈102与发射线圈101的垂直距离相同，且每个接收线圈102中，每两个相邻的接收线圈102之间的距离相同。
其中，线圈类型可以是线圈的形状，例如圆形线圈或方形线圈等。通过对每个接收线圈102的线圈类型、接收线圈102与发射线圈101的摆放位置的限制，可以实现每个接收线圈102和发射线圈101的耦合强度相同。
比如，当接收线圈102的个数为六个，且六个接收线圈102与发射线圈101的线圈类型均为圆形线圈时，发射线圈101和接收线圈102的一种可能的摆放位置关系可如图2所示。该摆放位置关系满足：接收线圈102均匀分布在发射线圈内，每个接收线圈102与发射线圈101的垂直距离相同(图2中未示出每个接收线圈102与发射线圈101在空间上的垂直距离的关系)。当发射线圈101和六个接收线圈102按照图2所示的摆放位置关系摆放，且六个接收线圈102的参数值相同时，可以实现六个接收线圈102与发射线圈101的耦合强度相同。
可选地，装置100还可以包括第一耦合电容和多个第二耦合电容。其中，
第一耦合电容，与发射线圈101连接，用于去除输入的第一交流电流中的直流分量，将去除直流分量的第一交流电流输出至发射线圈101；
多个第二耦合电容，与多个整流器103一一对应连接，并与多个接收线圈102一一对应连接，多个第二耦合电容中的每个第二耦合电容用于：去除输入的第二交流电流中的直流分量，将去除直流分量的第二交流电流输出至多个整流器103中的一个整流器103。
当装置100中包括第一耦合电容和多个第二耦合电容时，装置100可以如图3所示。图3中的装置100中设有第一耦合电容104以及多个第二耦合电容105。第一耦合电容104可以起到“隔直流通交流”的作用，从而可以实现去除第一交流电流中的直流分量，使得输入给发射线圈101的第一交流电流能更大程度地用于产生电磁波；同样地，多个第二耦合电容105可以实现去除第二交流电流中的直流分量，使得输入给多个整流器103的第二交流电流能更大程度地用于进行逆变。
可选地，多个接收线圈102中的每个接收线圈102的参数值相同，具体为：每个接收线圈102的电感量的数值相同，每个接收线圈102的寄生电阻的阻值相同。
下面，以一个具体的电路为例介绍本发明实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置是如何使电池组包括的多个电池单体实现能量均衡的。
前面已经介绍过，装置100输入的第一交流电流可以来自受控交流源，受控交流源将电源提供的直流电流进行逆变后产生第一交流电流，装置100对输入的第一交流电流进行处理后输出给电池组包括的多个电池单体充电。
一种包含受控交流源及其电源、均衡电池组能量的装置以及电池组的装置可如图4所示。图4中，E类功率放大器可视为受控交流源及其电源的一种具体实现方式，用于产生第一交流电流，并将产生的第一交流电流输入给均衡电池组能量的装置；均衡电池组能量的装置将第一交流电流处理后得到直流电流，输出给电池组包括的N个电池单体(B1、B2…BN)充电。图4中的均衡电池组能量的装置可以为本发明实施例所提供的均衡电池组能量的装置100。
图4所示的E类功率放大器中，Sw为整个装置的控制开关，当N个电池单体(B1、B2…BN)不需要进行能量均衡时，将控制开关Sw关断；当N个电池单体(B1、B2…BN)单体需要进行能量均衡时，将控制开关Sw闭合，直流电源产生的直流电流经过逆变后转换为第一交流电流输出给均衡电池组能量的装置，对N个电池单体(B1、B2…BN)进行能量均衡。
图4所示的均衡电池组能量的装置中，Lt为发射线圈，Lr1、Lr2…LrN为N个接收线圈，Rec1、Rec2…RecN为N个整流器，B1、B2…BN为电池组包括的N个电池单体，Ct为第一耦合电容，Cr1、Cr2…CrN为N个第二耦合电容，k1、k2…kN分别代表N个接收线圈Lr1、Lr2…LrN与发射线圈Lt的耦合强度。发射线圈Lt将输入的第一交流电流产生的电磁波发射至N个接收线圈Lr1、Lr2…LrN；在N个接收线圈Lr1、Lr2…LrN的参数值相同且与发射线圈Lt的耦合强度相同的情况下，N个接收线圈Lr1、Lr2…LrN接收发射线圈Lt发射的电池波，并根据接收的电磁波产生第二交流电流，输出至N个整流器Rec1、Rec2…RecN；N个整流器Rec1、Rec2…RecN分别将第二交流电流转换为直流电流后，输出直流电流分别为N个电池单体B1、B2…BN充电。在为N个电池单体B1、B2…BN充电的过程中，可实现N个电池单体B1、B2…BN的能量均衡。
本发明实施例还提供一种均衡电池组能量的系统，如图5所示，均衡电池组能量的系统500包括：
受控交流源501，用于产生并输出第一交流电流；
均衡电池组能量的装置502，分别与受控交流源501和电池组503连接，用于输入受控交流源501输出的第一交流电流，对第一交流电流处理后产生多个直流电流，并将多个直流电流分别输出至电池组503中的多个电池单体，多个直流电流与多个电池单体一一对应；
电池组503，与均衡电池组能量的装置502连接，用于输入均衡电池组能量的装置502输出的多个直流电流。
其中，受控交流源501的功能及具体实现方式详见图1所示的均衡电池组能量的装置100的相关描述；均衡电池组能量的装置502可以是图1或图3所示的均衡电池组能量的装置100；电池组503可以是与图1或图3所示的与均衡电池组能量的装置100连接的电池组，此处不再赘述。
图5所示的均衡电池组能量的系统500可以通过均衡电池组能量的装置502实现电池组503中的多个电池单体的能量均衡分布。
可选地，电池组503还用于：电池组503中的至少一个电池单体与受控交流源501连接，至少一个电池单体为受控交流源501提供电源，该电源用于受控交流源501产生第一交流电流。
当电池组503中的至少一个电池单体为受控交流源501提供电源时，图5所示的均衡 电池组能量的系统500可如图6所示。图6中，以电池组503中的第一个电池单体为受控交流源501提供电源为例，实际实现时，可以由电池组503中的任一个或多个电池单体为受控交流源501提供电源。
当电池组503中的至少一个电池单体为受控交流源501提供电源时，图5所示的均衡电池组能量的系统500可以在不外接其他电源的情况下，实现电池组503包括的多个电池单体的能量均衡分布。
可选地，该系统还包括：除电池组503之外的其他电池组，与受控交流源501连接，用于为受控交流源501提供电源，该电源用于受控交流源501产生第一交流电流。
当除电池组503之外的其他电池组为受控交流源501提供电源时，图5所示的均衡电池组能量的系统500可如图7所示。图7中，除电池组503之外的其他电池组可以为电池组503中的多个电池单体进行充电。
当除电池组503之外的其他电池组为受控交流源501提供电源时，图5所示的均衡电池组能量的系统500可以在实现电池组503包括的多个电池单体的能量均衡分布的同时，为电池组503中的多个电池单体充电。
电池组与本发明实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置连接之前，由于使用电池组的过程中随着不断为电池组进行充电、放电，会导致每个电池单体的等效电阻出现差异，进而导致每个电池单体的端电压出现差异，即每个电池单体的能量分布不均衡。具体为：等效电阻大的电池单体的端电压较高，该电池单体的能量较多；等效电阻小的电池单体的端电压较低，该电池单体的能量较少。
电池组与本发明实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置连接后，由于每个接收线圈的参数值相同，且与发射线圈的耦合强度相同，因而电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻的大小仅取决于电池单体的等效电阻的大小。当电池单体的等效电阻较大时，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻较大，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻在发射线圈中映射的等效电阻较小，因而根据串联分压原理，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻通过发射线圈分得的电压较低，进而分得的能量较少。当电池单体的等效电阻较小时，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻较小，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻在发射线圈中映射的等效电阻较大，因而根据串联分压原理，电池单体与对应的接收线圈并联组成的等效电阻通过发射线圈分得的电压较高，进而分得的能量较多。
相比于电池组与本发明实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置连接之前，等效电阻大的电池单体的能量较多，等效电阻小的电池单体的能量较少。电池组与上述均衡电池组能量的装置连接之后，可实现连接之前能量较多的电池单体分得的能量较少，连接之前能量较少的电池单体分得的能量较多，即实现了多个电池单体的能量均衡分布。
此外，本发明实施例提供的均衡电池组能量的装置及系统不需要像现有技术方案那样根据电池组中电池单体的数量设置多个控制单元和多个开关去控制，控制结构简单，且不需要像现有技术方案那样频繁触发多个开关的导通和关断操作，资源开销小。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程 序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明实施例的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种均衡电池组能量的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    发射线圈，用于输入第一交流电流，将所述第一交流电流产生的电磁波发射至多个接收线圈；
    所述多个接收线圈，所述多个接收线圈中的每个接收线圈的参数值相同，所述每个接收线圈采用相同的耦合强度与所述发射线圈通过电磁感应的方式耦合，所述每个接收线圈用于：接收所述发射线圈发射的所述电磁波，并根据所述电磁波产生并输出第二交流电流；
    多个整流器，所述多个整流器与所述多个接收线圈一一对应连接；所述多个整流器中的每个整流器用于：将输入的所述第二交流电流转换为直流电流，输出至所述电池组中的一个电池单体，所述多个整流器与所述电池组中的多个电池单体一一对应。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述每个接收线圈采用相同的耦合强度与所述发射线圈耦合，具体为：
    所述每个接收线圈的线圈类型相同；
    所述每个接收线圈与所述发射线圈的垂直距离相同，且所述每个接收线圈中，每两个相邻的接收线圈之间的距离相同。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第一耦合电容，与所述发射线圈连接，用于去除输入的所述第一交流电流中的直流分量，将去除直流分量的所述第一交流电流输出至所述发射线圈；
    多个第二耦合电容，与所述多个整流器一一对应连接，并与所述多个接收线圈一一对应连接，所述多个第二耦合电容中的所述每个第二耦合电容用于：去除输入的所述第二交流电流中的直流分量，将去除直流分量的所述第二交流电流输出至所述多个整流器中的一个整流器。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述多个接收线圈中的每个接收线圈的参数值相同，具体为：所述每个接收线圈的电感量的数值相同，所述每个接收线圈的寄生电阻的阻值相同。
  5. 如权利要求1～4任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一交流电流的波形为方波或正弦波。
  6. 一种均衡电池组能量的系统，其特征在于，包括：
    受控交流源，用于产生并输出第一交流电流；
    如权利要求1～5任一项所述的均衡电池组能量的装置，分别与所述受控交流源和所述电池组连接，用于输入所述受控交流源输出的所述第一交流电流，对所述第一交流电流处理后产生多个直流电流，并将所述多个直流电流分别输出至所述电池组中的多个电池单体，所述多个直流电流与所述多个电池单体一一对应；
    电池组，与所述均衡电池组能量的装置连接，用于输入所述均衡电池组能量的装置输出的所述多个直流电流。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电池组还用于：
    所述电池组中的至少一个电池单体与所述受控交流源连接，所述至少一个电池单体为所述受控交流源提供电源，所述电源用于所述受控交流源产生所述第一交流电流。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    除所述电池组之外的其他电池组，与所述受控交流源连接，用于为所述受控交流源提 供电源，所述电源用于所述受控交流源产生所述第一交流电流。
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