WO2018061446A1 - 有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018061446A1 WO2018061446A1 PCT/JP2017/027232 JP2017027232W WO2018061446A1 WO 2018061446 A1 WO2018061446 A1 WO 2018061446A1 JP 2017027232 W JP2017027232 W JP 2017027232W WO 2018061446 A1 WO2018061446 A1 WO 2018061446A1
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- JLHAYNCJPISLDF-LRJPFJPCSA-N C/C=C1/c2ccccc2N(C)/C1=C/C=C Chemical compound C/C=C1/c2ccccc2N(C)/C1=C/C=C JLHAYNCJPISLDF-LRJPFJPCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDFLTYHTFPTIGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[n]1c2ccccc2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound C[n]1c2ccccc2c2c1cccc2 SDFLTYHTFPTIGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device (referred to as an organic EL device). Specifically, the present invention relates to an organic EL element having a light emitting layer containing a first host, a second host, and a light emitting dopant material.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL element using a TTF (Triplet-Triplet Fusion) mechanism, which is one of delayed fluorescence mechanisms.
- TTF Triplet-Triplet Fusion
- the TTF mechanism uses the phenomenon that singlet excitons are generated by collision of two triplet excitons, and it is theoretically thought that the internal quantum efficiency can be increased to 40%.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic EL element using a TADF (Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence) mechanism.
- the TADF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon that reverse intersystem crossing from triplet excitons to singlet excitons occurs in materials where the energy difference between singlet and triplet levels is small. It is thought to be raised to 100%. However, there is a demand for further improvement in the life characteristics as in the phosphorescent light emitting device.
- Patent Document 3 discloses the use of an indolocarbazole compound as a host material.
- Patent Document 4 discloses the use of a biscarbazole compound as a host material.
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 disclose the use of a biscarbazole compound as a mixed host.
- Patent Documents 7, 8, and 9 disclose using an indolocarbazole compound and a biscarbazole compound as a mixed host.
- Patent Document 10 discloses the use of a host material in which a plurality of hosts containing an indolocarbazole compound are premixed. However, none of them are sufficient, and further improvements are desired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a practically useful organic EL device having high efficiency and high driving stability while having a low driving voltage in view of the above-described present situation.
- the present invention relates to an organic EL device comprising one or more light emitting layers between an anode and a cathode facing each other, wherein at least one light emitting layer produced by vacuum deposition is represented by the following general formula (1)
- An organic EL device comprising a first host selected from the group consisting of a second host selected from the compounds represented by the following general formula (2), and a light-emitting dopant material.
- ring A is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by formula (1a)
- ring B is a heterocycle represented by formula (1b)
- ring A and ring B are each an adjacent ring and Condensate at any position.
- Ar 1 is a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or a terphenyl group.
- R is independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- a, b, and c represent the number of substitutions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- m and n represent the number of repetitions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- Ar 2 and Ar 3 represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms or a group in which two aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked, and the linked aromatic hydrocarbon groups may be the same.
- L 1 represents a direct bond or a phenylene group having any one of formulas (2a) to (2c), and L 2 represents a divalent phenylene group represented by formula (2c). .
- the first host and the second host are preferably premixed before use. Also, the difference in 50% weight reduction temperature between the first host and the second host is within 20 ° C, or the ratio of the first host is less than 20wt% with respect to the total of the first host and the second host. More than 55 wt% is preferable.
- the luminescent dopant material can be a phosphorescent dopant material, a fluorescent luminescent dopant material, or a thermally activated delayed fluorescent luminescent dopant material.
- the phosphorescent dopant material include organometallic complexes containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.
- the organic EL element can be provided with a hole blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, and the hole blocking layer can contain the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the material used for the organic layer has high durability against electric charges.
- the indolocarbazole compound represented by the general formula (1) has high skeletal stability and can control both charge injection and transport properties to some extent by isomers and substituents. In addition, it is difficult to control both charge injection and transport amounts within a preferable range.
- biscarbazole compounds represented by the general formula (2) can be controlled at a high level of charge injection / transport by changing the type and number of substituents, and in addition, skeletal stability is the same as indolocarbazole compounds. Therefore, by using a mixture of an indolocarbazole compound and the biscarbazole compound, the amount of charge injected into the organic layer can be adjusted more precisely than when each is used alone.
- the amount of charge injected into the organic layer can be adjusted more precisely than when each is used alone.
- a light emitting layer in the case of a delayed fluorescent light emitting EL device or a phosphorescent light emitting EL device, it has a minimum excited triplet energy sufficiently high to confine the excitation energy generated in the light emitting layer. Therefore, there is no outflow of energy from the light emitting layer, and high efficiency and long life can be achieved at a low voltage.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has one or more light-emitting layers between an anode and a cathode facing each other, and at least one of the light-emitting layers is produced by vacuum deposition, and includes a first host, a second host, and Contains a luminescent dopant material.
- the first host is a compound represented by the general formula (1)
- the second host is a compound represented by the general formula (2).
- This organic EL element has an organic layer composed of a plurality of layers between an anode and a cathode facing each other, but at least one of the plurality of layers may be a light emitting layer, and there may be a plurality of light emitting layers.
- Ring A is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by Formula (1a)
- Ring B is a heterocycle represented by Formula (1b)
- Ring A and Ring B are each in an arbitrary position with an adjacent ring. Condensate.
- Ar 1 represents a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a terphenyl group.
- a phenyl group and a biphenyl group are preferable, and a phenyl group is more preferable.
- the biphenyl group is a group represented by -Ph-Ph
- the terphenyl group is a group represented by -Ph-Ph-Ph or -Ph (-Ph) -Ph.
- Ph is a phenyl group or a phenylene group.
- R independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- it represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl and the like.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include benzene, naphthalene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, thiophene, isothiazole, thiazole, pyridazine, Pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, thiadiazole, pyrazine, furan, isoxazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, thiadiazole, benzotriazine, phthalazine, tetrazole, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoxazole, benzo Thiazole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, benzoisothiazole, benzothiadiazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophen
- A, b, and c represent the number of substitutions, each independently represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 0 or 1.
- m and n represent the number of repetitions, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2, preferably an integer of 0 or 1.
- m + n is preferably 0 or an integer of 1 or more, more preferably an integer of 1, 2 or 3.
- Ar 2 and Ar 3 represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a group in which 1 to 2 aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked. Preferably, it represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Ar 2 and Ar 3 are obtained by taking one H from any aromatic compound such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, or a compound in which two aromatic rings of these aromatic compounds are connected.
- Aromatic groups or linked aromatic groups can be mentioned. Preferred is an aromatic group derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene or a linked aromatic group in which two of these aromatic groups are linked, more preferably an aromatic group derived from benzene, naphthalene, or phenanthrene. . More preferably, Ar 3 is a phenyl group.
- the linked aromatic group is a group represented by a formula such as —Ar 4 —Ar 6 , —Ar 4 —Ar 5 —Ar 6 , or —Ar 4 (—Ar 5 ) —Ar 6 , Ar 4 , Ar 5 and Ar 6 are each independently an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- Ar 4 is a divalent or trivalent group
- Ar 5 is a monovalent or divalent group
- Ar 6 is a monovalent group.
- L 1 represents a direct bond or a divalent phenylene group composed of any one of formulas (2a) to (2c), preferably a divalent phenylene group represented by formulas (2a) and (2b).
- L 2 represents a divalent phenylene group represented by the formula (2c).
- the aromatic group directly bonded to N of the carbazole ring is a phenylene group, it is understood that this is L 1 .
- Excellent organic EL by using a first host selected from the compound represented by the general formula (1) and a second host selected from the compound represented by the general formula (2) as the host material of the light emitting layer.
- An element can be provided.
- the first host and the second host can be used by vapor deposition from different vapor deposition sources, but they are premixed before vapor deposition into a premix, and the premix is simultaneously vapor deposited from one vapor deposition source to emit light. It is preferable to form a layer.
- the pre-mixture may be mixed with a light-emitting dopant material necessary for forming the light-emitting layer or other host used if necessary, but there is a large difference in temperature at which a desired vapor pressure is obtained. In this case, it is preferable to deposit from another deposition source.
- the mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the first host and the second host is such that the ratio of the first host is 20 to 60%, preferably more than 20%, with respect to the total of the first host and the second host. %, More preferably 40 to 50%.
- the electron affinity (EA) difference between the first host and the second host is larger than 0.1 eV and smaller than 0.6 eV.
- the EA value can be calculated by measuring the ionization potential (IP) value obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy in the host material thin film and the absorption spectrum, and using the energy gap value obtained from the absorption edge. it can.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a general organic EL device used in the present invention, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, 4 is a hole transport layer, and 5 is a light emitting layer. , 6 represents an electron transport layer, and 7 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, or may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the cathode side or the cathode side of the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode as essential layers, but preferably has a hole injecting and transporting layer and an electron injecting and transporting layer in addition to the essential layers, and further has a light emitting layer and an electron injecting layer. It is preferable to have a hole blocking layer between the transport layers.
- the hole injection / transport layer means either or both of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer
- the electron injection / transport layer means either or both of the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer.
- the structure opposite to that shown in FIG. 1, that is, the cathode 7, the electron transport layer 6, the light emitting layer 5, the hole transport layer 4 and the anode 2 can be laminated in this order on the substrate 1. Addition and omission are possible.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and any substrate that has been conventionally used for an organic EL element can be used.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like can be used.
- anode material in the organic EL element a material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or the pattern accuracy is not required (about 100 ⁇ m or more). May form a pattern through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the transmittance be greater than 10%
- the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the cathode material a material made of a metal (electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a small work function (4 eV or less) is used.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this such as a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium, from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these cathode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the anode or the cathode of the organic EL element is transparent or translucent, the light emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced by forming the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode.
- an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from each of the anode and the cathode, and the light emitting layer includes an organic light emitting dopant material and a host material.
- a first host represented by the general formula (1) and a second host represented by the general formula (2) are used. Furthermore, one or a plurality of known host materials may be used in combination, but the amount used is 50 wt% or less, preferably 25 wt% or less, based on the total of the host materials.
- the first host and the second host may be vapor-deposited from different vapor deposition sources, or the first host and the second host may be vapor-deposited simultaneously from one vapor deposition source by premixing before vapor deposition. .
- the 50% weight loss temperature is the temperature at which the weight is reduced by 50% when the temperature is raised from room temperature to 550 ° C at a rate of 10 ° C per minute in the TG-DTA measurement under a nitrogen stream reduced pressure (50 Pa). . Near this temperature, vaporization due to evaporation or sublimation is considered to occur most frequently.
- the difference between the 50% weight loss temperature of the first host and the second host is preferably within 20 ° C, more preferably within 15 ° C.
- a known method such as pulverization and mixing can be adopted, but it is desirable to mix as uniformly as possible.
- the phosphorescent dopant when a phosphorescent dopant is used as the luminescent dopant material, the phosphorescent dopant includes an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold. What to do is good. Specifically, iridium complexes described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123,4304 and JP-T-2013-53051 are preferably used, but are not limited thereto.
- Only one kind of phosphorescent light emitting dopant material may be contained in the light emitting layer, or two or more kinds may be contained.
- the content of the phosphorescent dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 30 wt%, more preferably 1 to 20 wt% with respect to the host material.
- the phosphorescent dopant material is not particularly limited, but specific examples include the following:
- the fluorescent dopant is not particularly limited.
- benzoxazole derivatives benzothiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, diphenylbutadiene derivatives, tetraphenyls.
- Preferred examples include condensed aromatic derivatives, styryl derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, pyromethene metal complexes, transition metal complexes, or lanthanoid complexes, more preferably naphthalene, pyrene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzo [c] phenanthrene.
- Benzo [a] anthracene pentacene, perylene, fluoranthene, acenaphthofluoranthene, dibenzo [a, j] anthracene, dibenzo [a, h] anthracene, benzo [a] naphthalene, hexacene, naphtho [2,1-f ] Isoquinoline, ⁇ -naphthaphenanthridine, phenanthrooxazole, quinolino [6,5-f] quinoline, benzothiophanthrene, and the like. These may have an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or a diarylamino group as a substituent.
- the content of the fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is preferably from 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the host material.
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission dopant is not particularly limited, but may be a metal complex such as a tin complex or a copper complex, or described in WO2011 / 070963 Indolocarbazole derivatives, cyanobenzene derivatives described in Nature ⁇ 2012,492,234, carbazole derivatives, phenazine derivatives described in Nature ⁇ Photonics 2014,8,326, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, sulfone derivatives, phenoxazine derivatives, acridine derivatives, etc. It is done.
- the heat-activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is not particularly limited, and specific examples include the following.
- thermally activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material Only one kind of thermally activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material may be contained in the light emitting layer, or two or more kinds thereof may be contained. Further, the thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant may be used in combination with a phosphorescent dopant or a fluorescent dopant.
- the content of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 50%, more preferably 1 to 30% with respect to the host material.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved by preventing the above.
- a known hole blocking layer material can be used for the hole blocking layer, but it is preferable to contain a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the electron blocking layer has the function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense. By blocking electrons while transporting holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved. .
- the material for the electron blocking layer a known electron blocking layer material can be used, and the material for the hole transport layer described later can be used as necessary.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted between two adjacent light emitting layers in an element in which two or more light emitting layers are adjacent.
- a known exciton blocking layer material can be used as the material for the exciton blocking layer.
- Examples thereof include 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolatoaluminum (III) (BAlq).
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- Examples of such hole transport materials include porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives.
- Porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, and styryl It is preferable to use an amine derivative, and it is more preferable to use an arylamine compound.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material), it is sufficient if it has a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- polycyclic aromatic derivatives such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthroline, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) Derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, benzimidazoles Derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives and the like.
- Premix H1 Compound 1-11 (0.20 g) and compound 2-2 (0.80 g) were weighed and mixed while being ground in a mortar to prepare Premix H1. Similarly, premixes H2 to H9 were prepared using the first and second hosts shown in Table 2.
- Table 2 shows the types and mixing ratios of the first host and the second host.
- corresponds to the number attached
- Table 1 shows compounds 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-11, 1-157, 2-2, 2-4, and 50% weight loss temperature (T 50 ) of compound A. , Shows electron affinity (EA).
- Example 1 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- the preliminary mixture H1 as a host and Ir (ppy) 3 as a luminescent dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a luminescent layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt%.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 1 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that any of the premixtures H2 to H9 was used as the host.
- Example 10 is the same as Example 3 except that after the light emitting layer was formed, Compound 1-11 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole blocking layer, and ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron transport layer. In the same manner, an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 11 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- compound 1-11 as the first host, compound 2-2 as the second host, and Ir (ppy) 3 as the luminescent dopant are co-evaporated from different deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt% and the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 40:60.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer.
- LiF was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- Al was formed to a thickness of 70 nm as a cathode, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 12 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound 1-1 was used as the first host in Example 11 and Compound 2-2 was used as the second host.
- Example 13 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound 1-2 was used as the first host and Compound 2-4 was used as the second host in Example 11.
- Example 14 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound 1-3 was used as the first host and Compound 2-4 was used as the second host in Example 11.
- Example 15 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound 1-157 was used as the first host in Example 11 and Compound 2-2 was used as the second host.
- Example 16 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 45 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- the preliminary mixture H2 as a host and Ir (piq) 2 acac as a light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (piq) 2 acac was 6.0 wt%.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole blocking layer.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 27.5 nm as an electron transport layer.
- LiF was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- Al was formed to a thickness of 70 nm as a cathode, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 16 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 16 except that any one of the preliminary mixtures H3 and H4 was used as a host.
- Example 19 In Example 17, after forming the light emitting layer, Example 17 except that Compound 1-11 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole blocking layer, and ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron transport layer. In the same manner, an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 20 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 45 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- compound 1-11 as the first host, compound 2-2 as the second host, and Ir (piq) 2 acac as the light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (piq) 2 acac was 6.0 wt% and the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 30:70.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole blocking layer.
- ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 27.5 nm as an electron transport layer.
- LiF was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- Al was formed to a thickness of 70 nm as a cathode, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 21 an organic EL element was produced under the same conditions as in Example 20 except that co-evaporation was performed under the vapor deposition conditions where the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 40:60.
- Example 22 an organic EL device was produced under the same conditions as in Example 20 except that co-evaporation was performed under the vapor deposition conditions where the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 50:50.
- Example 1 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 1-11 was used alone as a host.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer and the light emitting dopant concentration are the same as in Example 1.
- Comparative Examples 2-6 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the compound shown in Table 3 was used alone as the host.
- Comparative Example 7 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound 1-11 was used as the first host and Compound A was used as the second host in Example 11.
- Comparative Example 8 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 1-157 was used as the first host and Compound A was used as the second host in Example 11.
- Example 15 an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that Compound 1-2 or Compound 1-11 was used alone as a host.
- Tables 2 and 3 show the types of the preliminary mixture of the first host and the second host, the types and ratios of the first host and the second host.
- Tables 4 and 5 show the luminance, driving voltage, luminous efficiency, and luminance half-life of the produced organic EL elements.
- luminance, driving voltage, and luminous efficiency are values at a driving current of 20 mA / cm 2 , and are initial characteristics.
- LT70 is the time it takes for the brightness to decay to 70% of the initial brightness at an initial brightness of 9000 cd / m 2.
- LT95 is the brightness of the initial brightness at an initial brightness of 3700 cd / m 2 . This is the time it takes to decay to 95%, all of which are life characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、燐光発光型の有機EL素子に関しては、長寿命化が技術的な課題となっている。
一方で特許文献2では、TADF(Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence)機構を利用した有機EL素子が開示されている。TADF機構は一重項準位と三重項準位のエネルギー差が小さい材料において三重項励起子から一重項励起子への逆項間交差が生じる現象を利用するものであり、理論上内部量子効率を100%まで高められると考えられている。しかしながら、燐光発光型素子と同様に寿命特性の更なる改善が求められている。
しかしながら、いずれも十分なものとは言えず、更なる改良が望まれている。
Ar1はフェニル基、ビフェニル基又はターフェニル基である。
Rは独立に炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基又は炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基である。
a、b、cは、置換数を表し、各々独立して0~3の整数を表す。
mとnは、繰り返し数を表し、各々独立して0~2の整数を表す。)
ここで、一般式(1)で代表されるインドロカルバゾール化合物は、骨格の安定性が高く、異性体や置換基によって両電荷注入輸送性をある程度制御することができるが単独では、上述のように両電荷注入輸送量を好ましい範囲に制御するのは難しい。一方で、一般式(2)に代表されるビスカルバゾール化合物は、置換基の種類・数を変えることで電荷注入輸送性が高いレベルで制御でき、加えてインドロカルバゾール化合物と同様に骨格安定性が高いため、インドロカルバゾール化合物と該ビスカルバゾール化合物を混合して用いることで、有機層への電荷注入量を各々単独で使用する場合に比べて、より精密に調節することができる。特に、発光層に使用した場合、遅延蛍光発光EL素子や燐光発光EL素子の場合にあっては、発光層で生成する励起エネルギーを閉じ込めるのに十分高い最低励起三重項エネルギーを有していることから、発光層内からのエネルギー流出がなく、低電圧で高効率かつ長寿命を達成できる。
環Aは式(1a)で表される芳香族炭化水素環であり、環Bは式(1b)で表される複素環であり、環A及び環Bはそれぞれ隣接する環と任意の位置で縮合する。
Ar2とAr3は炭素数6~14の芳香族炭化水素基、または該芳香族炭化水素基が1~2個連結した基を表す。好ましくは、炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、より好ましくは炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。
なお、カルバゾール環のNに直接結合する芳香族基がフェニレン基である場合は、これはL1であると解する。
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に用いられているものであれば良く、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、石英等からなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極材料としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等の非晶質で、透明導電膜を作成可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成しても良く、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは有機導電性化合物のような塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極材料としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属)、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム―カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの陰極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度は向上し、好都合である。
発光層は陽極及び陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔及び電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層であり発光層には有機発光性ドーパント材料とホスト材料を含む。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は2つ以上の発光層が隣接する素子において、隣接する2つの発光層の間に挿入することができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
同様にして、表2に示す第1ホストと第2ホストを使用して、予備混合物H2~H9を調製した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして、ホストとして予備混合物H1を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1において、ホストとして予備混合物H2~H9のいずれかを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例3において、発光層を形成した後、正孔阻止層として化合物1-11を10nmの厚さに形成し、電子輸送層としてET-1を10nmの厚さに形成した以外は実施例3と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、第1ホストとして化合物1-11を、第2ホストとして化合物2-2を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が40:60となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてLiFを1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例11において第1ホストとして化合物1-1を、第2ホストとして化合物2-2を使用した以外は実施例11と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例11において第1ホストとして化合物1-2を、第2ホストとして化合物2-4を使用した以外は実施例11と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例11において第1ホストとして化合物1-3を、第2ホストとして化合物2-4を使用した以外は実施例11と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例11において第1ホストとして化合物1-157を、第2ホストとして化合物2-2を使用した以外は実施例11と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを45nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そしてホストとして予備混合物H2を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(piq)2acacをそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時Ir(piq)2acacの濃度が6.0wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。更に、正孔阻止層としてET-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子輸送層としてET-1を27.5nmの厚さに形成した。そして電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてLiFを1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例16において、ホストとして予備混合物H3とH4のいずれかを使用した以外は実施例16と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例17において、発光層を形成した後、正孔阻止層として化合物1-11を10nmの厚さに形成し、電子輸送層としてET-1を10nmの厚さに形成した以外は実施例17と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを45nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして第1ホストとして化合物1-11を、第2ホストとして化合物2-2を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(piq)2acacをそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(piq)2acacの濃度が6.0wt%、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が、30:70となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。更に、正孔阻止層としてET-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子輸送層としてET-1を27.5nmの厚さに形成した。そして電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてLiFを1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例20において、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が40:60となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した以外は、実施例20と同様の条件で有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例20において、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が50:50となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した以外は、実施例20と同様の条件で有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1において、ホストとして化合物1-11を単独で用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。発光層の厚み、発光ドーパント濃度は実施例1と同様である。
ホストとして表3に示す化合物を単独で用いた以外は比較例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例11において、第1ホストとして化合物1-11を、第2ホストとして化合物Aを使用した以外は実施例11と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例11において、第1ホストとして1-157を、第2ホストとして化合物Aを使用した以外は実施例11と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例15において、ホストとして化合物1-2又は化合物1-11を単独で使用した以外は、実施例15と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
また、実施例16~22及び比較例9、10で作製された有機EL素子は、これに外部電源を接続し直流電圧を印加したところ、いずれも極大波長620nmの発光スペクトルが観測され、Ir(pic)2acacからの発光が得られていることがわかった。
また、実施例10や19のように正孔阻止材料として一般式(1)で表される化合物を使用すると、寿命特性が伸長することが分かる。
Claims (10)
- 対向する陽極と陰極の間に、1つ以上の発光層を含む有機電界発光素子において、少なくとも1つの発光層が、真空蒸着によって形成され、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物から選ばれる第1ホストと下記一般式(2)で表される化合物から選ばれる第2ホスト、及び発光性ドーパント材料を含有することを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
ここで、環Aは式(1a)で表される芳香族炭化水素環であり、環Bは式(1b)で表される複素環であり、環A及び環Bはそれぞれ隣接する環と任意の位置で縮合し、
Ar1はフェニル基、ビフェニル基又はターフェニル基であり、
Rは独立に炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基又は炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基であり、
a、b、cは、各々独立して0~3の整数を表し、
mとnは、各々独立して0~2の整数を表す。
ここで、Ar2とAr3は炭素数6~14の芳香族炭化水素基、または該芳香族炭化水素基が2個連結した基を表し、連結する場合の芳香族炭化水素基は同一であっても異なっていても良い。L1は直接結合、または式(2a)~式(2c)のいずれかからなるフェニレン基を示し、L2は式(2c)で表されるフェニレン基を表す。 - 一般式(2)において、Ar3がフェニル基である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 第1ホストと第2ホストの合計に対し、第1ホストの割合が20wt%を超え、55wt%未満である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 発光性ドーパント材料が、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、白金及び金からなる群れから選ばれる少なくとも一つの金属を含む有機金属錯体である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 発光性ドーパント材料が、熱活性化遅延蛍光発光ドーパント材料である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 第1ホストと第2ホストの電子親和力(EA)の差が0.1 eVを超え、0.6 eV未満である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 発光層と隣接して正孔阻止層を有し、該正孔阻止層中に一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有する請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 第1ホストと第2ホストを混合して予備混合物としたのち、これを含むホスト材料を蒸着させて発光層を形成させる工程を有する請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子の製造方法。
- 第1ホストと第2ホストの50%重量減少温度の差が20℃以内であることを特徴する請求項9に記載の有機電界発光素子の製造方法。
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| EP17855404.4A EP3522246B1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2017-07-27 | Organic electroluminescent element |
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| JP2018541950A JP6894913B2 (ja) | 2016-09-30 | 2017-07-27 | 有機電界発光素子 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR20190055122A (ko) | 2019-05-22 |
| JP6894913B2 (ja) | 2021-06-30 |
| EP3522246A4 (en) | 2020-06-03 |
| CN109791997B (zh) | 2021-11-02 |
| US20210083195A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| KR102356995B1 (ko) | 2022-01-28 |
| CN109791997A (zh) | 2019-05-21 |
| EP3522246B1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
| TW201829729A (zh) | 2018-08-16 |
| EP3522246A1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
| US11171295B2 (en) | 2021-11-09 |
| JPWO2018061446A1 (ja) | 2019-07-11 |
| TWI728164B (zh) | 2021-05-21 |
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