WO2018066584A1 - 樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた膜構造物 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた膜構造物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018066584A1 WO2018066584A1 PCT/JP2017/036078 JP2017036078W WO2018066584A1 WO 2018066584 A1 WO2018066584 A1 WO 2018066584A1 JP 2017036078 W JP2017036078 W JP 2017036078W WO 2018066584 A1 WO2018066584 A1 WO 2018066584A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/30—Ground coverings
- A01G13/32—Mats; Nets; Sheets or films
- A01G13/33—Sheets or films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/005—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light, ozone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/156—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having two oxygen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/1575—Six-membered rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
- C08K5/526—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/527—Cyclic esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5393—Phosphonous compounds, e.g. R—P(OR')2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
- C08L23/0892—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen with monomers containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/85—Protective back sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/24—Trifluorochloroethene
- C08F214/245—Trifluorochloroethene with non-fluorinated comonomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/10—Transparent films; Clear coatings; Transparent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/16—Applications used for films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
- C08L2203/206—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in coating or encapsulating of electronic parts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin composition and a film structure using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer resin composition and a membrane structure using the same.
- Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter referred to as “ECTFE”) has low moisture absorption in addition to weather resistance, chemical resistance, stain resistance, water repellency, insulation, low friction and electrical insulation. It is used for structural parts of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, various corrosion-resistant linings, etc. because of its excellent properties, water vapor barrier properties, low chemical permeability, flame retardancy, and fire spread resistance. Moreover, since ECTFE can be formed into a film, it is widely used in various applications such as a surface protective film, a solar cell member film, a release film, and a membrane structure film.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a polymer composition containing ECTFE as a base, and describes that the polymer composition is used for obtaining a film used in the food industry and the pharmaceutical industry.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a thermoplastic fluoropolymer composition in which particles of an inorganic ultraviolet blocker compound are contained in a semicrystalline polymer having a repeating unit derived from ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. Has been. Patent Document 2 describes that the thermoplastic fluoropolymer composition is used as a film for construction in the form of a film.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an ECTFE-type ethylene fluorine-containing copolymer, which has a high mechanical property and is used for a sheet or the like.
- Patent Document 4 discloses an ECTFE resin composition, and describes that the composition is suitable for producing a sheet or the like.
- ECTFE is often used after being formed into a sheet or the like, and excellent transparency is required.
- ECTFE has a problem that acid gas is easily generated under high temperature conditions when it is extruded into a sheet or the like, and various stabilizers such as antioxidants have been added.
- the antioxidant is difficult to obtain compatibility with a fluorine-based resin such as ECTFE, and there is a problem that transparency is lowered by the addition of the antioxidant.
- ECTFE fluorine-based resin
- the antioxidant is difficult to obtain compatibility with a fluorine-based resin such as ECTFE, and there is a problem that transparency is lowered by the addition of the antioxidant.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide an ECTFE resin composition that can maintain excellent transparency and hardly cause yellowing. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of acidic gas generated from the ECTFE resin composition at the time of extrusion molding at a high temperature.
- an ECTFE resin composition containing a bisphenol-based antioxidant is provided.
- the bisphenol antioxidant may be included in the range of 0.01 to 1.0% by mass.
- the bisphenol antioxidant is preferably an alkyl-substituted bisphenol antioxidant.
- the bisphenol antioxidant is 3,9-bis [2- [3- (tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyloxy)]-1,1-dimethylethyl] -2.
- the ECTFE resin composition of the present invention can further contain a phosphorus-based antioxidant.
- the phosphorus-based antioxidant is preferably included in the range of 0.01 to 1.0% by mass. Further, the phosphorus antioxidant is preferably a phosphite antioxidant.
- the phosphorus-based antioxidant is 6- [3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propoxy] -2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyldibenzo [d , F] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphorin, 3,9-bis (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy) -2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9 Diphosphaspiro [5,5] undecane, 3,9-bis (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy) -2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphos
- one or more of faspiro [5,5] undecane and tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite are selected.
- ECTFE of this invention does not contain an acid acceptor.
- a sheet-like ECTFE resin composition is provided, and a membrane structure using the ECTFE resin composition is also provided.
- a film is also provided.
- an ECTFE resin composition which is excellent in transparency and hardly yellows. Furthermore, it is possible to provide an ECTFE resin composition in which the amount of acid gas generated under high temperature conditions during molding is reduced.
- ECTFE is a copolymer of ethylene (hereinafter referred to as “Et”) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (also referred to as “ethylene trifluorochloride”, hereinafter referred to as “CTFE”).
- the ECTFE resin composition is not limited to a copolymer composed of an Et monomer and a CTFE monomer.
- CTFE monomer for example, (perfluorohexyl) ethylene, (perfluorobutyl) ethylene, (perfluorooctyl) ethylene, [4- (heptafluoroisopropyl) perfluorobutyl] ethylene, etc.
- Copolymers used as the three monomers are also included.
- Et monomer ratio is 70 or less
- CTFE monomer ratio does not decrease excessively, so that the transparency, weather resistance, antifouling properties, etc., which are the characteristics of the fluororesin, can be maintained.
- the CTFE monomer ratio is 70 or less, it is possible to prevent the amount of acid gas generated during high temperature use from becoming too high.
- ECTFE having an arbitrary Et / CTFE ratio may be used alone, or two or more kinds of ECTFE having different Et / CTFE ratios may be mixed and used.
- a resin other than ECTFE may be added as necessary within the range not inhibiting the transparency of the ECTFE resin composition of the present invention.
- resins other than ECTFE include terpolymers of ethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and other third monomers, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), and polyvinyl fluoride.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- HFP polyhexafluoropropylene
- PFA polyperfluoroalkyl vinyl ether
- the ECTFE resin composition of the present invention contains a bisphenol antioxidant.
- the bisphenol antioxidant is not particularly limited in the present invention.
- an alkyl-substituted bisphenol antioxidant is preferable.
- 3,9-bis [2- [3- (tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyloxy)]-1,1-dimethylethyl] -2,4,8, 10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecane, 4,4′-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and the like are preferable.
- a bisphenol antioxidant may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the bisphenol antioxidant used in the present invention has a melting point of preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C.
- the melting point is 100 ° C. or higher, it is possible to avoid the possibility that the bisphenol-based antioxidant bleeds out to the surface of the sheet during film formation and the possibility of coloring due to the decomposition of the bisphenol-based antioxidant.
- the bisphenol antioxidant As a method for adding the bisphenol antioxidant to the ECTFE resin composition, it may be added in advance in the granulation step of the ECTFE raw material, or in the step of manufacturing the sheet of the ECTFE resin composition, You may add, melt-mixing.
- the amount of the bisphenol antioxidant added to the ECTFE resin composition is not particularly limited in the present invention, but is preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass. . When it is 1.0% by mass or less, yellowing of the ECTFE resin composition can be suppressed and the transparency can be prevented from being excessively lowered. When the content is 0.01% by mass or more, a sufficient acid gas reducing effect can be obtained.
- the ECTFE resin composition of the present invention can further contain a phosphorus-based antioxidant. Since the antioxidant mechanism of the resin is different between the bisphenol antioxidant and the phosphorus antioxidant, it is more preferable to use them together from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of acid gas generated.
- the phosphorus-based antioxidant is not particularly limited in the present invention.
- Some antioxidants have a phenol skeleton in addition to a trivalent organic phosphorus skeleton in the molecular structure, but here, for convenience, they are classified as phosphorus antioxidants.
- the phosphorus antioxidant used for this invention does not restrict
- phosphorus antioxidants include phosphite antioxidants. Of these, in particular, 3,9-bis (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy) -2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro [5.5] Undecane, 6- [3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propoxy] -2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyldibenzo [d, f] [1,3 2] Dioxaphosphine, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, 3,9-bis (octadecyloxy) -2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphos Faspiro [5,5] undecane, tris (4-nonylphenyl) phosphite, diphenyl phosphite (2-ethylhexyl), di
- the phosphorus-based antioxidant used in the present invention has a melting point of preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. When the melting point is 100 ° C. or higher, it is possible to avoid the possibility that the phosphorus-based antioxidant bleeds out to the surface of the sheet during film formation and the possibility of coloring due to the decomposition of the phosphorus-based antioxidant.
- the phosphorus-based antioxidant used in the present invention is not particularly limited in the present invention, but is preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass. . When it is 1.0% by mass or less, yellowing of the ECTFE resin composition can be suppressed and the transparency can be prevented from being excessively lowered. When the content is 0.01% by mass or more, a sufficient acid gas reducing effect can be obtained.
- the ECTFE resin composition of this invention may contain a well-known heat stabilizer, a stabilization adjuvant, etc. as needed.
- the heat stabilizer include organic sulfur-based antioxidants, amine-based antioxidants, hydroxyamines, organic tin compounds, ⁇ -diketones, and the like.
- a heat stabilizer may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- a stabilizing aid or the like As a method for adding a heat stabilizer, a stabilizing aid or the like to the ECTFE resin composition, it may be added in advance in the granulation step of the ECTFE raw material, or not added in the step of producing a sheet of the ECTFE resin composition.
- the ECTFE raw material may be added while being melt mixed.
- the total amount of the heat stabilizer and the stabilizing aid may be 0.01 to 1.0% by mass. It can prevent that the transparency of an ECTFE resin composition falls too much that it is 1.0 mass% or less. When the content is 0.01% by mass or more, a sufficient acid gas reducing effect can be obtained.
- the ECTFE resin composition of the present invention includes a plasticizer, a lubricant, and an antistatic agent as long as the transparency, color tone, gloss, heat resistance, weather resistance, difficulty of yellowing, and sheet appearance are not impaired practically. Further, an antifogging agent, a drip agent, a hydrophilic agent, a liquid repellent and the like can be added. As an addition method, it may be added when the resin composition is kneaded, or may be applied to the surface of the sheet after producing a sheet from the ECTFE resin composition.
- a pigment can be added as necessary within a range that does not impair yellowing and transparency.
- Suitable pigments include, for example, metal oxides such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide, metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate, silica, carbon black, acetylene black, chrome yellow, phthalocyanine blue, and phthalocyanine green. It is not limited.
- the ECTFE resin composition of this invention does not contain acid acceptors, such as a metal soap.
- acid acceptors such as a metal soap.
- the ECTFE resin composition of the present invention can be molded into various shapes. Here, a sheet manufacturing method will be described.
- a known method can be used. For example, a method of forming by a melt extrusion method using various extruder dies such as an extruder and a feed block die or a multi-manifold die can be used.
- the extruder a single screw type, a twin screw type, a tandem type, or the like can be used as a general one, but a single screw type extruder is preferable in terms of preventing resin stagnation in the extruder system. .
- the screw shape used in the single-screw extruder is not particularly limited as long as it does not involve excessive shearing heat generation. However, a full flight screw is more preferable for melt extrusion without excessive shearing.
- the range of the compression ratio of the screw is preferably 1.8 to 3.0, more preferably 2.1 to 2.7. Below 1.8, ECTFE is not sufficiently plasticized, and some resin is trapped by the screen mesh in an unmelted state, and the resin pressure tends to increase due to clogging. The melt may be mixed as a defect. If it exceeds 3.0, the amount of acid gas generated may be excessive due to excessive shear heat generation.
- the ratio of the screw length (L) to the screw (barrel) diameter (L / D) of the extruder is not particularly limited as long as it is an extruder having an L / D necessary and sufficient for ECTFE plasticization, but preferably Is 20 to 40, more preferably 25 to 35.
- L / D is less than 20, the resin is not sufficiently plasticized in the screw region, an unmelted material is generated, and it may be mixed into the sheet as a defect.
- L / D exceeds 40, it becomes easy to give excessive shearing, which may lead to an increase in the amount of acid gas generated.
- a breaker plate is provided between the screw tip of the extruder and the T die.
- the opening ratio of the breaker plate is preferably 40 to 60%, more preferably 42 to 58%.
- the opening ratio means the area of the part where the resin through-hole is formed with respect to the entire area including the resin through-hole with reference to the part exposed to the resin circulation part of the extruder.
- the resin through-hole diameter of the breaker plate is preferably 3.7 to 7.0 mm.
- the resin through-hole diameter is preferably 3.7 to 7.0 mm.
- the screen mesh disposed on the breaker plate is preferably a combination of two or more screen meshes having different openings.
- a screen mesh having the same mesh opening can be used in combination.
- the minimum mesh opening of the screen mesh is preferably 0.03 to 0.2 mm, more preferably 0.03 to 0.15 mm.
- the minimum opening of the screen mesh is preferably 0.03 to 0.2 mm, more preferably 0.03 to 0.15 mm.
- the screen mesh having a large opening serves to remove coarse defects, and the opening is preferably 0.15 to 0.6 mm.
- a coarse screen mesh having a larger opening may be introduced downstream of the screen mesh having the smallest opening.
- the screen mesh is preferably placed 10 to 100 mm downstream from the screw tip.
- the flow path of the T die used for manufacturing the sheet is not particularly limited in its shape as long as the resin does not stay easily, but a coat hanger die is an example that can be suitably used.
- As the discharge direction of the resin there are mainly a form in which the resin is discharged in the horizontal direction and a form in which the resin is discharged in the direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction, but both forms can be suitably used.
- the temperature setting of the extruder for sheet production varies depending on the type and fluidity of the ECTFE raw material, but is preferably 220 to 300 ° C., more preferably 230 to 290 ° C. in the downstream portion of the extruder.
- the temperature is lower than 220 ° C., it may be difficult to sufficiently plasticize the resin, and when the temperature is higher than 300 ° C., the amount of acid gas generated may be excessively high due to excessive heating.
- the sheet thus pushed out from the T die immediately comes into contact with the cooling roll close to the die and is cooled by being taken out while being cooled. Since ECTFE is a crystalline resin, it is preferable to quench with a cooling roll before crystallization proceeds from a molten state in order to develop excellent transparency.
- the distance obtained by connecting the exit of the T die and the point where the sheet contacts the cooling roll by the shortest distance is preferably 150 mm or less, more preferably 100 mm or less. If it exceeds 200 mm, crystallization proceeds more than necessary, and the transparency of the sheet may decrease.
- a two-surface hard roll such as hard chrome plating is provided with a gap suitable for obtaining an arbitrary sheet thickness, and the sheet-shaped molten resin is taken between the rolls and cooled.
- Any of the above-mentioned methods and a method of cooling by pressing a roll of hard surface and a rubber roll of silicon or the like and taking a sheet-like molten resin between them can be used.
- the roll material used for producing the resin sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the maximum height (Ry) serving as one index of the surface roughness is preferably 1 s or less, more preferably less than 0.3 s.
- Ry the maximum height serving as one index of the surface roughness
- the molten resin in sheet form is brought into contact with the cooling roll, the uneven shape of the roll is easily transferred to the sheet surface, and the external haze may be increased.
- the temperature of the cooling roll described above is preferably 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably 50 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the temperature is lower than 20 ° C., the roll surface is likely to condense, and the risk of impairing the sheet appearance increases, leading to a decrease in ambient ambient temperature, and it may be difficult to obtain excellent transparency. If it exceeds 150 ° C., the sheet may not be sufficiently cooled and may stick to the roll.
- the sheet taken up as described above passes through a guide roll as appropriate within a range that does not damage the surface of the sheet, is slit to an arbitrary sheet width, and is then wound around a paper tube in a sufficiently cooled state.
- the material of the paper tube is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to apply a paper tube having a diameter that does not easily cause curl when reused after roll storage.
- the thickness of the sheet is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.005 to 1.0 mm, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mm. When the thickness is less than 0.005 mm, the sheet is easily broken and may not be put to practical use. If the thickness exceeds 1.0 mm, the transparency of the sheet may be excessively lowered.
- sheet includes what is generally called “film”, the sheet is thick, the film is only thin, and “sheet” and “film” are not clearly distinguished. .
- the width of the sheet is not particularly limited, but a range of 300 mm to 3000 mm is usually preferable from the viewpoint of handling.
- the resin sheet mainly composed of the ECTFE resin composition exhibits, for example, the following physical properties: -In the suggested scanning calorimetry, the heat of crystal melting obtained in the temperature raising process from 23 ° C to 300 ° C at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C / min is less than 30 J / g, -According to JIS K7105, the measured haze value is less than 10, -According to JIS K7374, gloss measured at an incident angle of 60 ° is 100 or more.
- the haze value of the sheet measured with a haze meter in accordance with JIS K7105 is preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%. If the haze value is 10% or more, it may lead to a decrease in designability and a decrease in light collection efficiency in applications requiring high transparency such as a film structure and a solar cell front sheet.
- the glossiness at a light incident angle of 60 ° measured by a gloss meter in accordance with JIS K7374 is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 120 or more. If the glossiness is less than 100, it may not be suitable for applications that require excellent design properties including membrane structures.
- the ECTFE resin composition sheet of the present invention contains 0.01 to 1.0% by mass of a bisphenol antioxidant having a melting point of 100 ° C. or more based on 100% by mass of the resin sheet.
- a bisphenol antioxidant having a melting point of 100 ° C. or more based on 100% by mass of the resin sheet.
- the bisphenol antioxidant include 3,9-bis [2- [3- (tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyloxy)]-1,1-dimethylethyl] -2, 4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecane.
- the sheet contains 0.01 to 1.0% by mass of a phosphorus-based antioxidant having a melting point of 100 ° C. or more with respect to 100% by mass of the resin sheet.
- Phosphorous antioxidants include, for example, 6- [3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propoxy] -2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyldibenzo [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphorin.
- the ECTFE resin composition sheet can be suitably used for applications requiring excellent visible light transmission performance and designability.
- it can be used for a membrane structure that uses a sheet as a roofing material, an outer wall material, a covering material, or the like as a building.
- the sheet can be used as it is as a sheet for a membrane structure as it is, and can also be used as a laminate with another substrate.
- it is possible to make various shapes by binding a part of the laminated sheets and inflating with air between the unattached parts.
- the ECTFE resin composition sheet when applied as a simple substance to the membrane structure, weather resistance that can withstand long-term outdoor exposure is required.
- a method for judging the weather resistance for example, while irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm and an intensity of 123 mW / cm 2 , (i) irradiating ultraviolet rays for 8 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 63 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH, (Ii) 20 seconds of shower, (iii) 2 hours of dew condensation, (iv) 20 seconds of shower cycle is repeated 200 hours, aging promotion test by ultraviolet irradiation is mentioned.
- the test method is not limited to this, but is preferably a test reflecting long-term use outdoors.
- the weather resistance performance of the ECTFE resin composition sheet of the present invention is preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, in haze change after the aging promotion test by ultraviolet irradiation.
- the ECTFE resin composition sheet has a yellowing degree (YI) of the sheet measured in accordance with JIS K7373 from a color difference meter in the sheet after the aging promotion test by ultraviolet irradiation, preferably less than 4.0. More preferably, it is less than 2.0.
- YI yellowing degree
- the designability of the ECTFE resin composition sheet can be judged by, for example, the clarity of the image on the opposite side across the sheet.
- an example of a preferable index of designability is whether the outline of an observation image 1 m away from the sheet and whether the color can be visually recognized without blurring.
- the effect of reducing the generation of acidic gas when the ECTFE resin composition sheet is produced at a high temperature such as extrusion can be confirmed using an apparatus for measuring the concentration of acidic gas at an arbitrary location.
- the apparatus is not particularly limited as long as it has sufficient quantitative accuracy.
- an acid gas concentration detector in which a glass tube is filled with an acid gas absorbent to obtain a quantitative recovery of the gas and its gas concentration.
- the acid gas concentration is measured by measuring the total concentration of acid gas at a location 100 mm away from the lip of the T die used for manufacturing the ECTFE resin composition sheet.
- the acid gas concentration is preferably less than 15 ppm, more preferably less than 10 ppm. If it is 15 ppm or more, the peripheral equipment steel including the die is likely to be corroded, and it may not be possible to provide stable production for a long time.
- achieves high transparency, a weather resistance, and a flame retardance, is excellent in design property, and can be used suitably for a film structure.
- membrane structures include sports facilities such as pools, athletics, soccer stadiums, baseball stadiums, gymnasiums, automobiles, ships, airports, stations, highways, sidewalks, bus terminals, bus and taxi stands, carports, warehouses , roofing materials, outer wall materials, covering materials, etc. for gathering halls, exhibition halls, aquaculture facilities, horticultural facilities.
- the sheet obtained by molding the ECTFE resin composition is printed within a range that does not impair practically the transparency, color tone, gloss, heat resistance, weather resistance, difficulty of yellowing, and sheet appearance. Etc. may be applied.
- a printing method suitable for the purpose and application such as gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, etc. is applied to the surface of the ECTFE resin composition sheet that has been subjected to corona treatment and plasma treatment in advance. The method of selecting and printing is mentioned. By performing printing, aesthetics and the like can be imparted to the sheet and the membrane structure.
- the sheet obtained by molding the ECTFE resin composition of the present invention has high transparency and weather resistance and high flame retardancy, it is specifically used as a solar cell member. And can be suitably used as a back sheet.
- This sheet can be applied to, for example, the front sheet and the back sheet described in JP2013-145807A, JP2012-254529A, and JP2000-294814A.
- a solar cell having both weather resistance and flexibility can be provided.
- the sheet obtained by molding the ECTFE resin composition of the present invention has not only high transparency, weather resistance, and flame retardancy, but also flexibility that can be extended to all horticultural facilities including large agricultural greenhouses and pipe houses. In addition, since it has strong durability against natural disasters, it is considered useful as an agricultural film. Specifically, the sheet of the present invention is useful as an agricultural film described in JP-A-11-335422, JP-A-11-343316, WO2010 / 092990, and JP2013-523490A.
- ECTFE Hydroar ECTFE 700HC manufactured by Solvay Melting point 202 ° C., MFR 9.0 g / 10 min (ASTM D1238 275 ° C / 2.16kg load)
- Antioxidant Commercially available products shown in Table 1 below were used as the bisphenol-based antioxidant, phosphorus-based antioxidant, and phenol-based antioxidant.
- Acid acceptor The acid acceptors used in the comparative examples are as follows. Acid acceptor: Kyowa Mag MF-150 manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Acid acceptor: DHT-4C manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Acid acceptor: Alkamizer P93 manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- a pressure bonding point (with a T die discharge port) between a hard roll subjected to hard chrome plating (Ry: 0.2 s) controlled at a heat medium temperature of 70 ° C. and a silicon rubber roll (MW mirror roll manufactured by Mochida Shoko Co., Ltd.) was taken up in contact with a linear distance of 100 mm), cooled to room temperature, and wound around a paper tube to obtain a resin sheet.
- the respective raw materials and addition amounts used in the examples are shown in Tables 3 to 5 below.
- each raw material and addition amount used by the comparative example and the reference example are shown in the following Tables 6 and 7, respectively.
- sheet evaluation and weather resistance evaluation are also shown in Tables 3 to 5 and Tables 6 and 7 below.
- the acid gas concentration 10 cm above the center of the T-die was measured using a detector tube type gas measuring device GV-100S manufactured by GASTEC Co., Ltd. and using a Kitagawa type gas detector tube manufactured by Komyo Chemical Co., Ltd. The measured values obtained were evaluated for performance according to the criteria shown in Table 2 below.
- the weather resistance test of the resin sheet was performed using an ultra-accelerated weather resistance tester (manufactured by Daipura Wintes Co., Ltd., Metal Weather KW-R5TP) while irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm and an intensity of 123 mW / cm 2 Evaluated by repeating UV irradiation for 8 hours under conditions of a temperature of 63 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH, (ii) 20 seconds of shower, (iii) 2 hours of condensation, and (iv) 20 seconds of shower cycle. did.
- an ultra-accelerated weather resistance tester manufactured by Daipura Wintes Co., Ltd., Metal Weather KW-R5TP
- the design property of the resin sheet is that the sheet is set up vertically with respect to the horizontal direction, then a paper with a red circle is placed 1m ahead of the sheet, and the non-observed object is separated from the sheet by 1m in the opposite direction. Therefore, the visibility of the image was determined according to the criteria in Table 2 below.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Although the effect of reducing the acid gas concentration can be seen only by adding the phosphorus-based antioxidant, depending on the type of the phosphorus-based antioxidant, it is sufficient as in Comparative Examples 2 and 3. It was found that the yellowing suppression effect was not obtained.
- Comparative Example 4 when a phenolic antioxidant was added to ECTFE instead of bisphenolic antioxidant, an acid gas concentration reduction effect was observed, but yellowing could not be sufficiently suppressed and design was low. I understood that.
- Comparative Example 5 when none of the bisphenol-based antioxidant, phosphorus-based antioxidant, and acid acceptor was added, the transparency in the weather resistance evaluation was remarkably poor and suitable for the membrane structure of the present invention. It turns out that there is no sheet.
- the resin sheet of the present invention can reduce the acid gas concentration during high temperature use without impairing excellent transparency. Furthermore, excellent transparency and yellowing resistance are maintained even after the weather resistance test, and the design property is also excellent, so that it can be suitably used in membrane structures that are exposed outdoors for a long period of time.
- the resin composition of the present invention can also be applied to applications such as solar cell modules, particularly solar cell front sheet or back sheet films, agricultural films, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
また、ECTFEは、シート等に押出成形するときの高温条件下で酸性ガスが発生しやすいという問題があり、酸化防止剤等の各種安定剤の添加が行われていた。
また、シート成形時には透明性が優れていても、経時的に黄変し、劣化する課題があった。
前記ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤は、0.01~1.0質量%の範囲で含めることができる。
また、前記ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤は、アルキル置換ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤が好ましい。
更に、前記ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤は、3,9-ビス[2-[3-(tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロピオニロキシ)]-1,1-ジメチルエチル]-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、4,4’-ブチリデンビス(3-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)及び2,2’-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンから1種類又は2種類以上選択されることが好ましい。
前記リン系酸化防止剤は0.01~1.0質量%の範囲で含めることが好ましい。
また、前記リン系酸化防止剤は、亜リン酸エステル系酸化防止剤が好ましい。
更に、前記リン系酸化防止剤は、6-[3-(3-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロポキシ]-2,4,8,10-テトラ-t-ブチルジベンゾ[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキサフォスフェリン、3,9-ビス(2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノキシ)-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサ-3,9-ジフォスファスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、3,9-ビス(2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノキシ)-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサ-3,9-ジフォスファスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン及びトリス(2,4-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)フォスファイトの1種類又は2種類以上選択されることが好ましい。
また更に、本発明のECTFEは受酸剤を含まないことが好ましい。
また、ECTFE樹脂組成物が、屋根材、外壁材又は被覆材として用いられた建造物、ECTFE樹脂組成物が用いられた太陽電池用フロントシート又はバックシート、ECTFE樹脂組成物が用いられた農業用フィルムも提供される。
ECTFEは、エチレン(以下、「Et」と記載する)とクロロトリフルオロエチレン(別名「三フッ化塩化エチレン」、以下、「CTFE」と記載する)の共重合体である。
本発明において、ECTFE樹脂組成物は、Etモノマー及びCTFEモノマーからなる共重合体に限定されない。前記Etモノマー、CTFEモノマーの他に、例えば、(パーフルオロヘキシル)エチレン、(パーフルオロブチル)エチレン、(パーフルオロオクチル)エチレン、[4-(ヘプタフルオロイソプロピル)パーフルオロブチル]エチレン等を、第3モノマーとして使用した共重合体等も含まれる。
更に、本発明のECTFE樹脂組成物の透明性を阻害しない範囲で、必要に応じECTFE以外の樹脂を添加してもよい。ECTFE以外の樹脂として、例えば、エチレンとクロロトリフルオロエチレンとそれ以外の第3モノマーとのターポリマー、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、エチレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)、ポリフッ化ビニル(PVF)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)、ポリパーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル(PFA)、フッ化ビニリデン、テトラフルオロエチレンとフッ化ビニリデンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンのターポリマー等が挙げられる。
ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤は、本発明において特に限定されないが、例えばアルキル置換ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤が好ましい。このうち、特に、3,9-ビス[2-[3-(tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロピオニロキシ)]-1,1-ジメチルエチル]-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、4,4’-ブチリデンビス(3-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、及び2,2’-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン等が好ましい。これらのビスフェノール系酸化防止剤をECTFEに添加することにより、高い耐熱性と、ECTFEとの相溶性とを両立することができる。
ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を併用してもよい。
ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤のECTFE樹脂組成物への添加量は、本発明において特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.01~1.0質量%、より好ましくは0.01~0.5質量%である。1.0質量%以下であると、ECTFE樹脂組成物の黄変を抑えかつ透明性が低下し過ぎること防ぐことができる。0.01質量%以上であると、十分な酸性ガス低減効果が得られる。
なお、本発明に用いるリン系酸化防止剤は、骨格の単位数を特に制限するものではない。
なお、リン系酸化防止剤は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を併用してもよい。
また、特に、6-[3-(3-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロポキシ]-2,4,8,10-テトラ-t-ブチルジベンゾ[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキサフォスフェリンを用いると、黄変のし難さに優れ、かつ酸性ガス発生量低減効果と高透明性とを両立することができる。
本発明で使用するリン系酸化防止剤の添加量としては、本発明において特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.01~1.0質量%、より好ましくは0.01~0.5質量%である。1.0質量%以下であると、ECTFE樹脂組成物の黄変を抑えかつ透明性が低下し過ぎることを防ぐことができる。0.01質量%以上であると、十分な酸性ガス低減効果が得られる。
なお、熱安定剤は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を併用してもよい。
熱安定剤、安定化助剤の添加量としては、総量として0.01~1.0質量%とすることができる。1.0質量%以下であると、ECTFE樹脂組成物の透明性が低下し過ぎることを防ぐことができる。0.01質量%以上であると、十分な酸性ガス低減効果が得られる。
本発明のECTFE樹脂組成物は、様々な形状に成形することができる。ここでは、シートの製造方法について述べる。
なお、開口率とは押出機の樹脂流通部に露出する部分を基準とし、樹脂貫通孔も含めた全体の面積に対して、樹脂貫通孔が形成された部分の面積を意味する。
目開きの大きいスクリーンメッシュは、粗大な欠点を取り除く役割を担い、目開きは、好ましくは0.15~0.6mmである。更に、スクリーンメッシュが樹脂圧により破けるのを防ぐ目的で、目開きが最小のスクリーンメッシュの下流側に、それより目開きが大きい粗いスクリーンメッシュを導入してもよい。前記スクリーンメッシュの配置位置としては、スクリュー先端部から10~100mm下流側に設置されることが好ましい。
ECTFE樹脂組成物を主体とする樹脂シートは、例えば、以下の物性を示す:
- 示唆走査熱量分析において、10℃/minの昇温速度で23℃から300℃迄の昇温過程で得られる結晶融解熱量が30J/g未満、
- JIS K7105に従い、測定されるヘイズ値が10未満、
- JIS K7374に従い、入射角60°で測定される光沢度が100以上。
耐候性能を判断する方法としては、例えば、波長300~400nm、強度123mW/cm2の紫外線を照射しながら、(i)温度63℃、相対湿度50%RHの条件下で紫外線を8時間照射、(ii)シャワー20秒、(iii)結露2時間、(iv)シャワー20秒からなるサイクルを200時間繰り返し行う、紫外線照射による老化促進試験が挙げられる。試験方法は、これに限定されないが、屋外で長期間使用する事を反映させた試験であることが好ましい。
本発明のECTFE樹脂組成物シートの耐候性能は、前記紫外線照射による老化促進試験後のヘイズ変化が好ましくは10%未満、より好ましくは5%未満である。
本発明のECTFE樹脂組成物を成形して得られたシートは、高い透明性と耐候性、難燃性を実現し、意匠性に優れ、膜構造物に好適に使用することができる。
膜構造物には、例えば、プール、アスレチック、サッカースタジアム、ベースボールスタジアム、体育館等のスポーツ施設、自動車、船、空港、駅、高速道路、歩道、バスターミナル、バスおよびタクシー乗り場、カーポート、倉庫、集会場、展示場、養殖施設、園芸施設等の屋根材、外壁材、被覆材等が挙げられる。
なお、前記ECTFE樹脂組成物を成形して得られたシートは、透明性、色調、光沢性、耐熱性、耐候性、黄変のし難さ及びシート外観等を実用上損なわない範囲で、印刷等を施してもよい。印刷方法としては、予め、コロナ処理、プラズマ処理を印刷面に施したECTFE樹脂組成物のシートの表面に、グラビア印刷、フレキソ印刷、オフセット印刷等の、目的と用途の適性にあった印刷方法を選択し、印刷を行う方法が挙げられる。
印刷を施すことにより、シートや膜構造物に審美性等を付与することができる。
本発明のECTFE樹脂組成物を成形して得られたシートは、高い透明性と耐候性と共に、高い難燃性を有しているため、太陽電池部材として、具体的には太陽電池のフロントシートやバックシートとして好適に使用できる。本シートは、例えば、特開2013-145807号公報、特開2012-254529号公報、特開2000-294813号公報に記載のフロントシートやバックシートに、適用することが可能である。特に従来のガラスを代替するフロントシートとして、アモルファスシリコン系や化合物系、その他薄膜系太陽電池に適用した場合、耐候性とフレキシブル性を併せ有する太陽電池を提供できる。
本発明のECTFE樹脂組成物を成形して得られたシートは、高い透明性、耐候性、難燃性だけでなく、農業用大型グリーンハウス、パイプハウスを含めた園芸施設全般に展張可能な柔軟性及び自然災害に対して強い耐久性を有しているため、農業用フィルムとして有用であると考えられる。具体的には、特開平11-335422号公報、特開平11-343316号公報、WO2010/092990号パンフレット、特表2013-523490号公報に記載の農業用フィルムとして本発明のシートは有用である。
本実施例及び比較例に使用した原料を以下に示す。
(ECTFE)
Solvay社製 “Halar ECTFE 700HC”
融点202℃,MFR9.0g/10min
(ASTM D1238 275℃/2.16kg荷重)
ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤、リン系酸化防止剤、フェノール系酸化防止剤は以下の表1に示す市販品を使用した。
比較例で用いた受酸剤は以下のとおりである。
・受酸剤:協和化学工業社製 キョーワマグMF-150
・受酸剤:協和化学工業社製 DHT-4C
・受酸剤:協和化学工業社製 アルカマイザーP93
ECTFE原料“700HC”100質量%に対し、住友化学社製スミライザーGA80を0.2質量%予備混合した後、フルフライトスクリュー(圧縮比2.3)の50mm単軸押出機(L/D=25)を用い、250℃で溶融混合しストランド状に押出した後、冷却し、ペレタイザーで均一に混合されたペレットを作製した。溶融混合したペレットは、前述する方法で、厚み0.25mmのシートを得た。
まず、前述のECTFEと酸化防止剤とを溶融混合したペレットを、65mmの単軸押出機(GMエンジニアリング社製、L/D=25)で、圧縮比2.3のフルフライトスクリューを用い、十分な可塑化が可能な押出機の設定温度で、溶融混練した後、コートハンガー方式のTダイ(シート幅1160mm、下方吐出方式)を用いて作製し、溶融樹脂シートを得た。
前記実施例1の方法に従い、シートを作製した。実施例で使用した各原料、添加量を下記表3~5に示す。また、比較例、参考例で用いた各原料、添加量を、それぞれ下記表6、7に示す。更に、シート評価、耐候性評価についても、下記表3~5、及び表6、7に示した。
(ヘイズ)
樹脂シートの透明性は、JIS K7105に従い、日本電色工業株式会社製 ヘイズ Meter“NDH7000”を使用し、測定したヘイズ値をもとに、以下の基準に従い判定した。なお、測定に際しては、樹脂シートから任意の5点より切り出した試料を用い、その算術平均値を採用した。下記表2の基準で評価した。
株式会社GASTEC社製検知管式気体測定器GV-100Sを用い、光明理化学工業株式会社製 北川式ガス検知管を使用し、Tダイ中央部より10cm上部の酸性ガス濃度を測定した。得られた測定値は、下記表2の基準で性能を判定した。
(試験方法)
樹脂シートの耐候性試験は、超促進耐候性試験機(ダイプラ・ウィンテス社製、メタルウェザーKW-R5TP)を用い、波長300~400nm、強度123mW/cm2の紫外線を照射しながら、(i)温度63℃、相対湿度50%RHの条件下で紫外線を8時間照射、(ii)シャワー20秒、(iii)結露2時間、(iv)シャワー20秒からなるサイクルを200時間繰り返し行うことにより評価した。JIS K7105に従い、日本電色工業株式会社製 ヘイズ Meter“NDH7000”を使用し、全光線透過率、ヘイズを測定した。計測したヘイズ値について、下記の表2の基準で性能を判定した。
樹脂シートの耐候性試験は、スガ試験機社製Colour Cute iを使用し、黄変度YI値を測定した。計測したYI値については、下記の表2の基準で性能を判定した。
樹脂シートの意匠性は、シートを水平方向に対し垂直に立てた後、シートより1m先に赤色の円を描いた紙を設置し、非観察体とシートを隔てて逆方向に1m離れた位置からその像の視認性を下記の表2の基準に従い判定した。
また、実施例9~20の結果から、ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤に加えてリン系酸化防止剤も添加することにより、透明性に優れ、耐候性評価における黄変抑制及び/又はシート評価における酸性ガス濃度の低減効果が認められた。
更に、実施例1~20にわたって、3種類のビスフェノール系酸化防止剤、3種類のリン系酸化防止剤を用いて評価を行ったが、種々の組み合わせで良好な結果が得られることが分かった。
また、比較例4において、ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤の代わりにフェノール系酸化防止剤をECTFEに添加したところ、酸性ガス濃度低減効果は見られたものの、十分に黄変抑制できず、意匠性も低いことが分かった。
また、比較例5において、ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤、リン系酸化防止剤、受酸剤のいずれも添加しなかったところ、耐候性評価での透明性が著しく悪く、本発明の膜構造物に適さないシートであることが分かった。
Claims (14)
- ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤が含まれる、エチレン-クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体樹脂組成物。
- 前記ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤は0.01~1.0質量%の範囲で含まれる、請求項1に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤は、アルキル置換ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤である、請求項1又は2に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤は、3,9-ビス[2-[3-(tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロピオニロキシ)]-1,1-ジメチルエチル]-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、4,4’-ブチリデンビス(3-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)及び2,2’-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンから少なくとも1種類選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- リン系酸化防止剤が含まれる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記リン系酸化防止剤は0.01~1.0質量%の範囲で含まれる、請求項5に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記リン系酸化防止剤は、亜リン酸エステル系酸化防止剤である、請求項5又は6に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記リン系酸化防止剤は、6-[3-(3-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロポキシ]-2,4,8,10-テトラ-t-ブチルジベンゾ[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキサフォスフェリン、3,9-ビス(2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノキシ)-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサ-3,9-ジフォスファスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、3,9-ビス(2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノキシ)-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサ-3,9-ジフォスファスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン及び亜リン酸トリス(2,4-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)の少なくとも1種類選択される、請求項5~7のいずれかに記載の樹脂組成物。
- 受酸剤が含まれていない、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- シート状である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の樹脂組成物が用いられた、膜構造物。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物が、屋根材、外壁材又は被覆材として用いられた、建造物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物が用いられた、太陽電池用フロントシートまたはバックシート。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物が用いられた、農業用フィルム。
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| WO2023085421A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-19 | Agc株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、成形体、複合体およびその用途 |
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| WO2020095713A1 (ja) | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-14 | デンカ株式会社 | 人工血管 |
| KR102329993B1 (ko) | 2021-05-25 | 2021-11-24 | 태하이앤씨 주식회사 | 내구성이 향상된 막구조물 |
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| US20190177526A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
| AU2017340994A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
| RU2019106670A3 (ja) | 2021-01-20 |
| EP3524640A4 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
| RU2752168C2 (ru) | 2021-07-23 |
| CN109642063B (zh) | 2021-12-24 |
| TWI781116B (zh) | 2022-10-21 |
| EP3524640A1 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
| TW201821512A (zh) | 2018-06-16 |
| CN109642063A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
| JPWO2018066584A1 (ja) | 2019-07-18 |
| RU2019106670A (ru) | 2020-11-06 |
| JP6948337B2 (ja) | 2021-10-13 |
| EP3524640B1 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
| KR20190065236A (ko) | 2019-06-11 |
| KR102495471B1 (ko) | 2023-02-06 |
| AU2017340994B2 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
| US10781305B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
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