WO2018082425A1 - 具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法 - Google Patents

具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法 Download PDF

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WO2018082425A1
WO2018082425A1 PCT/CN2017/104710 CN2017104710W WO2018082425A1 WO 2018082425 A1 WO2018082425 A1 WO 2018082425A1 CN 2017104710 W CN2017104710 W CN 2017104710W WO 2018082425 A1 WO2018082425 A1 WO 2018082425A1
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welding
pulse
time
welding pulse
current
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French (fr)
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雷鸣
潘华
左敦桂
苏永超
蒋浩民
石磊
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Priority to AU2017352642A priority Critical patent/AU2017352642B2/en
Priority to US16/342,263 priority patent/US11167370B2/en
Priority to JP2019522466A priority patent/JP7019687B2/ja
Priority to BR112019008699-4A priority patent/BR112019008699B1/pt
Priority to EP17868072.4A priority patent/EP3536435B1/en
Priority to ES17868072T priority patent/ES3002385T3/es
Publication of WO2018082425A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082425A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • B23K11/11—Spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • B23K11/11—Spot welding
    • B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
    • B23K11/241—Electric supplies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a welding method for steel plates for automobiles, in particular to a resistance spot welding method for galvanized steel sheets with tensile strength ⁇ 590Mpa.
  • High-strength steel galvanized sheets are prone to the following two problems when spot welding:
  • LME crack liquid metal (Liquid Metal Embrittlement) crack
  • the joint is prone to interface breakage.
  • the industry In view of the brittleness of high-strength steel solder joints, the industry generally adopts a scheme of adding slow-cooling pulses during the soldering process to improve the plasticity of the solder joints and improve the fracture mode of the solder joints during the crack detection.
  • the specific setting method of the slow cooling pulse is generally obtained through the physical test test by orthogonal test.
  • the relevant patent search situation is as follows: “A method for improving the mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel spot welded joints” (Patent No. CN102489859A) by using the inoculant alloy paste method to refine the nugget metal grains and improve the joint structure to achieve Improve the mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel spot welded joints.
  • “High-strength steel resistance and laser combined spot welding method” (CN102500936A) improves the performance of high-strength steel joints by means of laser welding and spot welding.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a galvanized high-strength steel resistance spot welding method with good joint performance, which can improve the solder joint of liquid metal brittle (LME) crack when suppressing spot welding of high-strength steel galvanized sheet.
  • LME liquid metal brittle
  • a galvanized high-strength steel resistance spot welding method with good joint performance using three welding pulses in one spot welding cycle; the first welding pulse and the second welding pulse are used to generate nugget and inhibit liquid metal brittleness (LME Crack generation, wherein the first welding pulse generates a nugget having a diameter of 3.75T 1/2 - 4.25T 1/2 , wherein T is a plate thickness; the second welding pulse causes the nugget to grow slowly; the third welding pulse It is a slow cooling pulse and is used to improve the plasticity of the solder joint.
  • LME Crack generation wherein the first welding pulse generates a nugget having a diameter of 3.75T 1/2 - 4.25T 1/2 , wherein T is a plate thickness
  • the second welding pulse causes the nugget to grow slowly
  • the third welding pulse It is a slow cooling pulse and is used to improve the plasticity of the solder joint.
  • the first welding pulse passes the time t1 at which the first welding pulse is set and the welding current I1 of the first welding pulse is obtained by the test, and the welding current I1 of the first welding pulse is a generating diameter of 3.75T 1/2 - 4.25
  • the welding current corresponding to the n 1/2 nugget; the welding current I2 and the time t2 of the second welding pulse and the welding current I3 and the time t3 of the third welding pulse are calculated from the welding current I1 of the first welding pulse and the time t1 Income.
  • the galvanized high-strength steel resistance spot welding method with good joint performance of the invention can effectively suppress the spot welding LME crack of the high-strength steel galvanized sheet and improve the plasticity of the solder joint.
  • the electric resistance welding method of the present invention uses three welding pulses in one spot welding cycle, the first and second pulses are used to generate the nugget and suppress the LME crack generation; the third welding pulse is a slow cooling pulse for improving the plasticity of the solder joint. Improve the breakage of solder joints during damage detection.
  • the spot welding method proposed by the present invention clarifies the setting methods of the welding current I and the time t in the three welding pulses and the mathematical relationship between them, and only needs a small number of tests to measure the welding current I1 and time of the first welding pulse.
  • T1 can conveniently calculate the welding current I2 and time t2 of the second welding pulse and the welding current I3 and time t3 of the third welding pulse, thereby obtaining the LME crack of the high-strength steel galvanized sheet spot welding, and improving the same Solder joint plastic spot welding process.
  • the galvanized high-strength steel resistance spot welding method of the invention can effectively suppress the liquid metal brittle (LME) crack problem occurring during spot welding of high-strength steel galvanized sheet, and at the same time improve the plasticity of the solder joint and increase the occurrence of solder joints during the damage detection. The probability of breaking.
  • LME liquid metal brittle
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of process parameters for suppressing spot weld LME cracking of TWIP steel galvanized sheet in the literature;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a method of resistance spot welding of galvanized high-strength steel having good joint performance according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a galvanized high-strength steel resistance spot welding
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of plate thickness and welding pressure
  • FIG. 5 is a metallographic photograph of a typical solder joint section of the No. 1 process (conventional spot welding process) in the embodiment;
  • FIG. 5 is a metallographic photograph of a typical solder joint section of the No. 1 process (conventional spot welding process) in the embodiment;
  • Fig. 6 is a metallographic photograph of a typical solder joint section using the No. 3 process (using the spot welding method of the present invention) in the embodiment.
  • the invention discloses a resistance spot welding method for galvanized high strength steel with tensile strength ⁇ 590Mpa. Using this method, liquid metal fragile (LME) cracks can be generated during spot welding of high-strength steel galvanized sheets, and the plasticity of the solder joints can be improved, and the probability of button breakage at the solder joints during damage detection is increased.
  • LME liquid metal fragile
  • a galvanized high-strength steel resistance spot welding method with good joint performance uses three welding pulses in one spot welding cycle; the first welding pulse and the second welding pulse are used to generate nugget and suppress LME crack Generating, wherein the first welding pulse generates a nugget having a diameter of 3.75T 1/2 - 4.25T 1/2 , wherein T is a plate thickness; the second welding pulse causes the nugget to grow slowly; and the third welding pulse is slow Cold pulse, used to improve the plasticity of the solder joint.
  • the invention only needs to measure the welding current I1 and the time t1 of the first welding pulse by a small number of tests, and can conveniently calculate the welding current I2 and the time t2 of the second welding pulse and the welding current I3 and the time t3 of the third welding pulse. Therefore, a spot welding process can be obtained which can suppress the spot welding LME crack of the high-strength steel galvanized sheet and improve the plasticity of the joint.
  • the stress and suitable temperature range (300 °C to 950 °C for galvanized high-strength steel) are two necessary conditions for LME crack generation.
  • Galvanized high-strength steels have the above two conditions during the spot welding process, and thus LME cracks are generated.
  • the design idea of the present invention is to avoid the occurrence of LME cracks by reducing the stress level of the spot weld LME crack sensitive region X, see FIG.
  • the specific principle is as follows: as the heat input increases during spot welding, the diameter Y and height h of the nugget increase continuously.
  • High-strength steel, especially ultra-high-strength steel has a high electrical resistivity due to the addition of more alloying elements to the base metal, and the heat generation during spot welding is fast, and the nugget grows at a high speed.
  • the nugget height h grows too fast, so that the thickness T' of the unmelted base material in the thickness direction is rapidly decreased, and the thickness T' of the unmelted base material directly affects the cross-sectional area of the force. Therefore, the smaller the thickness T' of the unmelted base material, the greater the stress.
  • the pulse is a slow cooling pulse, which can effectively reduce the cooling rate of the nugget region, reduce the formation of joint hardened structure, and thereby improve the plasticity of the joint.
  • the first welding pulse and the second welding pulse interval C1, that is, the first cooling time C1, the second welding pulse and the third welding pulse interval time C2, that is, the second cooling time C2, and the third welding pulse is after the third welding pulse Time HT, for the different thickness of the steel plate, the value settings are:
  • the welding current I1 of the first pulse is sequentially set in steps of 400A, and two spot welding samples are welded under each current.
  • the second welding pulse welding current I2 is set according to the welding current I1 of the first welding pulse. It is characterized by slowly growing the nugget diameter and ensuring that no weld spatter occurs.
  • the welding current I2 of the second welding pulse is set as follows:
  • I2min (1.3-0.05t2) I1 where t2 is the second welding pulse time (unit: cyc);
  • I2max (2.2 - 0.1t2) I1 where t2 is the second welding pulse time (unit: cyc).
  • the third welding pulse welding current I3 is set according to the welding current I1 of the first welding pulse.
  • the invention is characterized in that the solder joint is subjected to a slow cooling treatment to reduce the formation of the nugget hardened structure and improve the plasticity of the solder joint.
  • the setting method of the welding current I3 of the third welding pulse is as follows:
  • the No. 1 spot welding process is as shown in Table 4:
  • FIG. 5 is a typical metallographic photograph.
  • the No. 2 spot welding process is as shown in Table 5:
  • the fracture mode of the solder joint is mainly interface fracture.
  • TSS tensile strength
  • CTS positive tensile strength
  • the tensile strength (TSS) and positive tensile strength (CTS) of the solder joints meet the requirements, while the fracture mode of the CTS detection is all buttons, and the proportion of the TSS detection solder joint button breaks is also Above 70% is much better than when no slow cooling pulse is applied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法，在一个点焊周期内使用三个焊接脉冲；第一焊接脉冲和第二焊接脉冲用于生成熔核并抑制液态金属致脆裂纹生成，其中，第一焊接脉冲生成直径为3.75T 1/2—4.25T 1/2的熔核，式中T为板厚；第二焊接脉冲使熔核缓慢长大；第三焊接脉冲为缓冷脉冲，用于提高焊点的塑性。第一焊接脉冲通过设置第一焊接脉冲的时间t1及通过试验得到第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1，第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1为生成直径为3.75T 1/2—4.25T 1/2熔核时所对应的焊接电流；第二焊接脉冲的焊接电流I2及时间t2和第三焊接脉冲的焊接电流I3及时间t3由第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1及时间t1计算所得。该镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法可以有效抑制高强钢镀锌板点焊时出现的液态金属致脆裂纹问题，同时提高焊点的塑性，增加破坏检测时焊点发生钮扣断裂的概率。从而获取质量更可靠、性能更优异的高强钢镀锌板点焊接头，为高强钢镀锌板的焊装生产提供有益的指导。

Description

具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车用钢板的焊接方法，尤其涉及一种抗拉强度≥590Mpa镀锌钢板的电阻点焊方法。
背景技术
近年，随着油价的飚升及人们对节能环保、整车安全意识的不断增强，各类车身轻量化技术在汽车制造业中被广泛使用。在此背景下，高强钢在汽车车身上的使用比例越来越高。电阻点焊由于具有生产效率高、易于实现自动化等优点，已经在汽车工业中被广泛使用，并将继续成为汽车工业中高强度钢板的主要焊接方法，因此，高强钢的电阻点焊技术被广泛关注。
高强钢镀锌板在点焊时接头容易出现下述两个问题：
1、接头产生液态金属致脆(Liquid Metal Embrittlement)裂纹，简称LME裂纹。
2、接头易发生界面断裂。
关于LME裂纹问题，经检索国内没有申请相关专利。由于该问题是近两年业界的研究热点，关于其影响因素及敏感性的研究文献时有发表。其中Rouholah Ashiri等人在Scripta Materialia上发表的Liquid metal embrittlement-free welds of Zn-coated twinning induced plasticity steels一文(Scripta Materialia 114(2016)41–47)，针对1.2mm镀锌TWIP钢采用两脉冲的点焊方案可以有效抑制其点焊LME裂纹的产生。其工艺如图1所示。其中第一脉冲用于生成一个拥有基本尺寸的熔核，第二脉冲用于是该熔核缓慢长大，以减小残余应力。
针对高强钢焊点比较脆的问题，业界普遍采用在焊接过程中增加缓冷脉冲的方案以提高焊点的塑性，改善破环检测时焊点的断裂方式。缓冷脉冲的具体设置方式，则普遍通过正交试验经实物试验检测获取。相关专利检索情况如下：“一种提高先进高强钢点焊接头力学性能的方法”(专利号CN102489859A)通过采用孕育剂合金膏的方法使熔核金属晶粒细化，改善接头的组织，以达到提高先进高强钢点焊接头的力学性能。“高强钢电阻与激光组合点焊焊接方法”(CN102500936A)通过采用激光焊与点焊两种方法复合连接的方式，改进高强钢接头性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法，该方法可以在抑制高强钢镀锌板点焊时产生液态金属致脆(LME)裂纹的同时，提高焊点的塑性，增加破坏检测时焊点发生钮扣断裂的概率。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法，在一个点焊周期内使用三个焊接脉冲；第一焊接脉冲和第二焊接脉冲用于生成熔核并抑制液态金属致脆(LME)裂纹生成，其中，第一焊接脉冲生成直径为3.75T1/2—4.25T1/2的熔核，式中T为板厚；第二焊接脉冲使熔核缓慢长大；第三焊接脉冲为缓冷脉冲，用于提高焊点的塑性。
所述第一焊接脉冲通过设置第一焊接脉冲的时间t1及通过试验得到第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1，所述第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1为生成直径为3.75T1/2——4.25T1/2的熔核时所对应的焊接电流；第二焊接脉冲的焊接电流I2及时间t2和第三焊接脉冲的焊接电流I3及时间t3由第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1及时间t1计算所得。
本发明具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法既可以有效抑制高强钢镀锌板点焊LME裂纹，又可以提高其焊点的塑性。本发明的电阻电焊方法是在一个点焊周期内使用三个焊接脉冲，第一、二脉冲用于生成熔核并抑制LME裂纹生成；第三焊接脉冲为缓冷脉冲用于提高焊点的塑性，改善破坏检测时焊点的断裂方式。
此外，本发明提出的点焊方法明确了三个焊接脉冲中焊接电流I及时间t的设定方法及相互间的数学关系，仅需通过少量试验测得第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1及时间t1即可方便的计算出第二焊接脉冲的焊接电流I2和时间t2及第三焊接脉冲的焊接电流I3及时间t3，从而得到既可以抑制高强钢镀锌板点焊LME裂纹，又可以提高其焊点塑性的点焊工艺。
本发明的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法可以有效抑制高强钢镀锌板点焊时出现的液态金属致脆(LME)裂纹问题，同时提高焊点的塑性，增加破坏检测时焊点发生钮扣断裂的概率。从而获取质量更可靠、性能更优异的高强钢镀锌板点焊接头，为高强钢镀锌板的焊装生产提供有益的指导。
附图说明
图1为文献中抑制TWIP钢镀锌板点焊LME裂纹的工艺参数示意；
图2为本发明具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法示意图；
图3为镀锌高强钢电阻点焊截面示意图；
图4为板厚与焊接压力示意图；
图5为实施例中采用1号工艺(常规点焊工艺)典型焊点截面金相照片；
图6为实施例中采用3号工艺(采用本发明所述的点焊方法)典型焊点截面金相照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明公开了一种抗拉强度≥590Mpa镀锌高强钢的电阻点焊方法。使用该方法可以在抑制高强钢镀锌板点焊时产生液态金属致脆(LME)裂纹的同时，提高焊点的塑性，增加破坏检测时焊点发生钮扣断裂的概率。
参见图2，一种具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法，在一个点焊周期内使用三个焊接脉冲；第一焊接脉冲和第二焊接脉冲用于生成熔核并抑制LME裂纹生成，其中，第一焊接脉冲生成直径为3.75T1/2—4.25T1/2的熔核，式中T为板厚；第二焊接脉冲使熔核缓慢长大；第三焊接脉冲为缓冷脉冲，用于提高焊点的塑性。
所述第一焊接脉冲通过设置第一焊接脉冲的时间t1及通过试验得到第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1，所述第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1为生成直径为3.75T1/2——4.25T1/2(T＝板厚)的熔核时所对应的焊接电流；第二焊接脉冲的焊接电流I2及时间t2和第三焊接脉冲的焊接电流I3及时间t3由第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1及时间t1计算所得。
本发明仅需通过少量试验测得第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1及时间t1，即可方便的计算出第二焊接脉冲的焊接电流I2及时间t2及第三焊接脉冲的焊接电流I3及时间t3，从而得到既可以抑制高强钢镀锌板点焊LME裂纹，又可以提高其焊点塑性的点焊工艺。
本发明具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法的工作原理：
应力及适合的温度区间(镀锌高强钢此区间是700℃到950℃)是LME裂纹产生的两个必要条件。镀锌高强钢在点焊的过程中具备上述两个条件，因此会产生LME裂纹。
本发明的设计思路是通过减小点焊LME裂纹敏感区域X的应力水平，避免LME裂纹的出现，参见图3。具体原理如下：点焊时随着热输入量的增加，熔核Y直径D与高度h不断增加。高强钢特别是超高强钢由于母材加入较多的合金元素，电阻率高，点焊时产热快，熔核高速生长。熔核高度h生长过快，使板厚方向上未熔化的母材厚度T'快速减小，未熔化的母材厚度T'的大小直接影响受力的截面积。因此未熔化的母材厚度T'越小，应力越大。
本发明通过第一焊接脉冲生成直径为3.75T1/2——4.25T1/2(T＝板厚)的熔核，此时熔核较小，未熔化的母材厚度T'较大，不会产生点焊LME裂纹，然后施加时间t2很短的第二焊接脉冲使熔核缓慢长大，降低未熔化的母材厚度T'的减小速度，从而降低LME裂纹敏感区域的应力水平，避免LME裂纹的出现。
提高焊点的塑性，增加破坏检测时焊点发生钮扣断裂的概率是通过第三焊接脉冲实现。该脉冲为缓冷脉冲，可以有效降低熔核区域的冷却速度，减少接头淬硬组织的生成，从而提高接头的塑性。
试验实施步骤：
1基本参数设置：
1.1使用(板厚≤1.4mm)或
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000002
(板厚>1.4mm)的弧面电极。
1.2根据板厚在图4所示封闭区域范围内设定焊接压力。焊接压力取值的具体方法为：焊接压力的下限Fmin＝3.182T+0.0364千牛(其中T为板厚，单位为毫米，T的范围是0.9mm-2.0mm)；焊接压力的上限Fmax＝4.091T-0.182千牛(其中T为板厚，单位为毫米，T的范围是0.9mm-2.0mm)。
1.3冷却水流量2L/min-4L/min。
1.4按表1设置图2中的C1、C2及HT(保载时间)的时间。第一焊接脉冲与第二焊接脉冲间隔时间C1，即第一次冷却时间C1，第二焊接脉冲与第三焊接脉冲间隔时间C2，即第二次冷却时间C2，第三焊接脉冲以后为保载时间HT，对于不同厚度的钢板其值设置分别为：
表1
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000003
其中：cyc为时间单位，为一个周波，1cyc＝0.02秒；
2第一焊接脉冲设置：
2.1根据板厚设置第一焊接脉冲时间t1，具体设置方法如下：
板厚0.9—1.2mm：t1：8—12cyc；
板厚1.3—1.6mm：t1：10—15cyc；
板厚1.7—2.0mm：t1：12—18cyc。
2.2设置第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1。其特征为生成直径为3.75T1/2——4.25T1/2(T＝板厚) 的熔核。第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1的设置步骤如下：
2.2.1按照“1基本参数设置”设定电极、压力、冷却水流量及HT。C1、C2设置为0。
2.2.2按照“2.1”的方法设置t1。
2.2.3从4kA起，以400A为步长依次设置第一脉冲的焊接电流I1，每个电流下焊接两个点焊试样。
2.2.4采用剥离法破坏2.2.3中的点焊试样。
2.2.5采用游标卡尺测量步骤2.2.4中破坏后点焊试样焊点的熔核直径。
2.2.6同一焊接电流下的两个焊点的熔核直径取平均值，其值最近接3.75T1/2——4.25T1/2(T＝板厚)时所对应的电流为“第一脉冲的焊接电流I1”。
3第二焊接脉冲时间t2和第三焊接脉冲时间t3设置：
3.1按照“1基本参数设置”设定电极、压力、冷却水流量及C1、C2、HT。
3.2根据板厚，通过t1设置t2与t3，具体方法如下：
板厚0.9—1.2mm：t1：8—12cyc；
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000004
板厚1.3—1.6mm：t1：10—15cyc；
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000005
板厚1.7—2.0mm：t1：12—18cyc；
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000006
4第二焊接脉冲的焊接电流I2和第三焊接脉冲的焊接电流I3设置：
4.1根据第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1，设置第二焊接脉冲焊接电流I2。其特征为使熔核直径缓慢长大，并确保不发生焊接飞溅。第二焊接脉冲的焊接电流I2的设置方法如下：
I2的下限：I2min＝(1.3-0.05t2)I1其中t2为第二焊接脉冲时间(单位：cyc)；
I2的上限：I2max＝(2.2-0.1t2)I1其中t2为第二焊接脉冲时间(单位：cyc)。
4.2根据第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1，设置第三焊接脉冲焊接电流I3。其特征为对焊点进行缓冷处理，减少熔核淬硬组织生成，提高焊点的塑性。第三焊接脉冲的焊接电流I3的设置方法如下：
I3的下限：
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000007
I3的上限：I3max＝I1。
实施例
采用1号、2号、3号三种点焊工艺对1.6mm某镀锌高强钢(机械性能及成分见表2) 进行点焊。对比评估其焊点LME裂纹生成情况及破环检测时焊点的断裂方式。三种点焊工艺的特点及试验结果如表3所示。
表2某镀锌高强钢的成分及机械性能
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000008
表3 1号、2号、3号点焊工艺特点及结果
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000009
详细结果如下所示：
1、1号点焊工艺结果：
1号点焊工艺具体如表4：
表4 1号点焊工艺
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000010
                                                   注：表中I1＝I2＝I3
通过金相检测，在整个可焊区间内发现严重的液态金属致脆(LME)裂纹。图5为其典型金相照片。
2、2号点焊工艺结果：
2号点焊工艺具体如表5：
表5 2号点焊工艺
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000011
采用此种焊接方法，破坏检测时，焊点的断裂方式以界面断裂为主。其中焊点的拉剪强度(TSS)及正拉强度(CTS)虽然满足要求，但TSS检测时焊点几乎全为界面断裂，CTS检测焊点界面断裂的比例也低于50％。
3、3号点焊工艺结果：
3号点焊工艺如表6：
表6 3号点焊工艺
Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-000012
采用此方法，通过金相检测，在整个可焊区间内均未发现液态金属致脆(LME)裂纹。其典型金相照片如图6所示。
与此同时，采用此工艺，焊点的拉剪强度(TSS)及正拉强度(CTS)在满足要求的同时，CTS检测的断裂方式全为钮扣，TSS检测焊点钮扣断裂的比例也高于70％远优于不加缓冷脉冲时的结果。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围，因此，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法，其特征是：
    在一个点焊周期内使用三个焊接脉冲；第一焊接脉冲和第二焊接脉冲用于生成熔核并抑制液态金属致脆(LME)裂纹生成，其中，第一焊接脉冲生成直径为3.75T1/2—4.25T1/2的熔核，式中T为板厚；第二焊接脉冲使熔核缓慢长大；第三焊接脉冲为缓冷脉冲，用于提高焊点的塑性。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法，其特征是：所述第一焊接脉冲通过设置第一焊接脉冲的时间t1及通过试验得到第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1，所述第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1为生成直径为3.75T1/2——4.25T1/2的熔核时所对应的焊接电流；第二焊接脉冲的焊接电流I2及时间t2和第三焊接脉冲的焊接电流I3及时间t3由第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1及时间t1计算所得。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法，其特征是：
    对于板厚0.9—1.2mm，设置第一焊接脉冲时间t1：8—12cyc，式中：cyc为时间单位，1cyc＝0.02秒，通过试验得到第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1；
    板厚1.3—1.6mm，设置第一焊接脉冲时间t1：10—15cyc，通过试验得到第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1；
    板厚1.7—2.0mm，设置第一焊接脉冲时间t1：12—18cyc，通过试验得到第一焊接脉冲的焊接电流I1；
    相应的：板厚0.9—1.2mm，第二焊接脉冲时间
    Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-100001
    第三焊接脉冲时间
    Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-100002
    板厚1.3—1.6mm，第二焊接脉冲时间
    Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-100003
    第三焊接脉冲时间
    Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-100004
    板厚1.7—2.0mm，第二焊接脉冲时间
    Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-100005
    第三焊接脉冲时间
    Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-100006
    根据板厚，相应的，通过I1计算得到I2与I3的具体方法是：
    第二焊接脉冲电流I2的具体设置方法为：
    I2的下限：I2min＝(1.3-0.05t2)I1，I2的上限：I2max＝(2.2-0.1t2)I1；
    第三焊接脉冲电流I3的具体设置方法为：
    I3的下限：
    Figure PCTCN2017104710-appb-100007
    I3的上限：I3max＝I1；
    第一焊接脉冲与第二焊接脉冲间隔时间C1，即第一次冷却时间C1，第二焊接脉冲与第三焊接脉冲间隔时间C2，即第二次冷却时间C2，第三焊接脉冲以后为保载时间(HT)，对于不同厚度的钢板其值设置分别为：
    板厚0.9—1.2mm，C1＝1cyc，C2＝8cyc，HT＝5cyc；
    板厚1.3—1.6mm，C1＝1cyc，C2＝10cyc，HT＝5cyc；
    板厚1.7—2.0mm，C1＝1cyc，C2＝12cyc，HT＝5cyc。
PCT/CN2017/104710 2016-11-04 2017-09-30 具有良好接头性能的镀锌高强钢电阻点焊方法 Ceased WO2018082425A1 (zh)

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AU2017352642B2 (en) 2022-09-08
BR112019008699B1 (pt) 2023-02-28
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US11167370B2 (en) 2021-11-09
CN108015401B (zh) 2020-06-23
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