WO2018098698A1 - 一种反射阵天线及通信设备 - Google Patents

一种反射阵天线及通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018098698A1
WO2018098698A1 PCT/CN2016/108052 CN2016108052W WO2018098698A1 WO 2018098698 A1 WO2018098698 A1 WO 2018098698A1 CN 2016108052 W CN2016108052 W CN 2016108052W WO 2018098698 A1 WO2018098698 A1 WO 2018098698A1
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Prior art keywords
array
polarization direction
reflective
feed
reflecting surface
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PCT/CN2016/108052
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
�龙昊
骆彦行
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2016/108052 priority Critical patent/WO2018098698A1/zh
Priority to CN201680085993.4A priority patent/CN109302851B/zh
Priority to EP16922860.8A priority patent/EP3531508B1/en
Priority to JP2019528838A priority patent/JP6778820B2/ja
Publication of WO2018098698A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018098698A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/195—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a reflective array antenna and a communication device.
  • Beam-tunable antennas have received extensive attention in microwave communication.
  • the beam scanning capability of such antennas can greatly reduce the time for microwave antenna installation and alignment, and on the other hand, beam tracking capability can be achieved to combat equipment shake caused by high winds. Link break problem.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a reflective array antenna, which solves the problem that the secondary reflection surface obscures the limitation of the scanning angle caused by the main reflective array.
  • the antenna includes a feed array, a sub-reflecting surface disposed on one side of the feed array, and a main reflective array disposed on the other side of the feed array opposite to the sub-reflecting surface;
  • the feed array is capable of emitting electromagnetic waves in a first polarization direction
  • the secondary reflecting surface is configured to reflect electromagnetic waves in a first polarization direction emitted by the feed array, and transmit electromagnetic waves in a second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are mutually vertical;
  • the main reflection array is configured to convert electromagnetic waves in a first polarization direction reflected by the sub-reflecting surface into electromagnetic waves in a second polarization direction, and reflect them.
  • the electromagnetic wave in the first polarization direction can be reflected, and the electromagnetic wave in the second polarization direction is passed, so that the area of the secondary reflecting surface can be set larger, and It does not block the electromagnetic wave emission of the main reflective array, and can achieve the required beam scanning range in a relatively low cost manner, and can meet the requirements of the application for the pattern.
  • the feed array includes a plurality of feed antenna elements, and an adjustment unit coupled to each feed antenna unit.
  • the adjustment unit includes a phase shifting device connected to each of the feed antenna unit for adjusting a phase, and, optionally, a gain adjustment device for adjusting an amplitude, connected to each of the feed antenna units .
  • the beam steering of the array feed can be adjusted by adjusting the phase shifting device and/or gain adjustment device of the array feed connected to each of the feed antenna elements.
  • the primary reflective array comprises a plurality of reflective units arranged in an array.
  • Each of the reflective units includes a substrate and a reflective patch disposed on the substrate.
  • the reflective patch is capable of rotating the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave by 90 degrees.
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave can be changed by the reflective patch provided, so that the electromagnetic wave can propagate through the secondary reflection surface to avoid the blocking of the secondary reflection surface.
  • the secondary reflecting surface can adopt different setting methods. A detailed description will be given below.
  • the secondary reflecting surface includes a substrate, and an array of single-polarized slits disposed on the substrate, each slit allowing electromagnetic waves of the second polarization direction to pass therethrough.
  • the single polarization slots are arranged in an array manner, and electromagnetic waves in a first polarization direction emitted by the feed source are reflected on the main reflection array for reflection.
  • the phase retardation of the slit gradually decreases along the direction from the center of the sub-reflecting surface to the edge.
  • the sub-reflecting surface is a plate-like structure.
  • the main reflective array also uses a plate-like structure.
  • the secondary reflecting surface may also have a different shape such as a rectangle, a circle, or an ellipse.
  • the secondary reflective surface is a polarized grid having an arcuate structure, wherein a polarization direction of the polarized grid is perpendicular to a polarization direction of a signal emitted by the feed array, and The polarization grid is concave toward one side of the feed array.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, which includes the reflective array antenna according to any one of the above.
  • the electromagnetic wave in the first polarization direction can be reflected, and the electromagnetic wave in the second polarization direction is passed, so that the area of the secondary reflecting surface can be set larger, and the main reflective array is not blocked.
  • the electromagnetic wave emission enables the beam scanning range to be satisfied in a relatively low cost manner, and can meet the application requirements for the pattern.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary reflecting surface provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a main reflective array according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a reference diagram of changing a polarization direction of an electromagnetic wave by a main reflection array according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective array antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary reflecting surface provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 show a reflective array antenna provided by two different embodiments.
  • the reflective array antenna provided in two specific embodiments includes the following structure: a feed array 10, Sub-reflecting surface 30 and main reflective array 20; in specific settings,
  • the secondary reflective surface 30 is disposed on one side of the feed array 10, and the primary reflective array 20 is disposed on the other side of the feed array 10 opposite to the secondary reflective surface 30, wherein
  • the feed array 10 is capable of emitting electromagnetic waves in a first polarization direction
  • the sub-reflecting surface 30 is configured to reflect the electromagnetic wave in the first polarization direction emitted by the feed array 10, and transmit the electromagnetic wave in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are perpendicular to each other;
  • the main reflection array 20 is configured to convert electromagnetic waves in the first polarization direction reflected by the sub-reflecting surface 30 into electromagnetic waves in the second polarization direction, and reflect them.
  • the feed array 10 includes an array antenna unit 11 arranged in an array, and an adjustment unit connected to each of the feed antenna units 11.
  • Each of the feed antenna units 11 may be a single antenna unit 11 or a sub-array antenna through which electromagnetic waves in the first polarization direction can be emitted.
  • the feed antenna unit 11 and the adjustment unit include phase shifting means connected to each of the feed antenna elements 11 for adjusting the phase, and, optionally, connected to each of the feed antenna elements 11 for adjusting the amplitude Gain adjustment device.
  • the beam steering of the array feed can be adjusted by adjusting the phase shifting device and/or gain adjustment device of the array feed connected to each of the feed antenna elements.
  • the electromagnetic wave After the feed array 10 emits an electromagnetic wave in the first polarization direction, the electromagnetic wave propagates onto the secondary reflection surface 30. Since the secondary reflection surface 30 has an electromagnetic wave reflecting the first polarization direction, the electromagnetic wave in the second polarization direction is allowed to pass through. The function, therefore, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed array 10 onto the secondary reflecting surface 30 are reflected back onto the primary reflective array 20, and when reflected, the primary reflective array 20 can change the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waves such that the primary reflection The electromagnetic wave reflected again by the array 20 becomes an electromagnetic wave in the second polarization direction, and the electromagnetic wave in the second polarization direction can pass through the secondary reflection surface 30.
  • the sub-reflecting surface 30 when the sub-reflecting surface 30 is disposed, a structure having a large area can be provided, thereby ensuring that the sub-reflecting surface 30 can reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted from the feeding array 10 onto the main reflective array 20, and the sub-reflection is set.
  • the face 30 does not block the electromagnetic wave emission of the primary reflective array 20, enabling the beam scanning range to be satisfied in a relatively low cost manner, and can satisfy the application requirements for the pattern.
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of a reflection unit of the main reflection array 20 provided by the embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows the principle diagram of the reflection unit for electromagnetic wave reflection.
  • the main reflective array 20 provided in this embodiment includes a plurality of reflective units arranged in an array. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of reflecting units are arranged in a rectangular array; when the reflecting unit includes the substrate 21 and the reflective patch 22 as shown in FIG. 3, the reflective patch 22 is disposed on the substrate 21. Above, and when the reflecting units are arranged in an array, the substrates 21 of the plurality of reflecting units are of a unitary structure.
  • the entire main reflective array 20 includes a monolithic substrate 21, and reflective patches 22 that are attached to the substrate 21 and arranged in an array.
  • the function of the main reflective array 20 is mainly realized by the reflective patch 22, that is, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave is changed by the reflective patch 22, and the reflective patch 22 rotates the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave. 90 degree reflective patch 22.
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed array is different from the polarization direction of the reflective patch 22 by 45 degrees.
  • the electromagnetic wave is performed on the reflective patch 22.
  • the delay of the component parallel to the polarization direction of the reflective patch 22 differs from the delay of the component perpendicular to the polarization direction of the reflective patch 22 by 180 degrees, such that when electromagnetic waves are incident on the primary reflective array 20,
  • the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave is from the first polarization direction Turn into the second polarization direction
  • the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave is rotated by 90 degrees. Thereby the reflected signal can pass through the secondary reflection array.
  • the secondary reflecting surface 30 can adopt different setting manners. A detailed description will be given below.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of the reflection array antenna
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure diagram of the sub-reflection surface 30. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that in the reflective array antenna provided in this embodiment, the center points of the sub-reflecting surface 30, the main reflective array 20 and the feed array 10 are on the same straight line, and the three are arranged in parallel.
  • the sub-reflecting surface 30 is a plate-like structure 31, specifically, a rectangular, circular, elliptical or the like, and the plate-like structure 31 is provided with a plurality of arrays.
  • the single-polarization slot 312 has a polarization direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed array 10.
  • the sub-reflection surface 30 includes a substrate 311 having a rectangular shape and an array on the substrate 311. A plurality of single-polarization slits 312 are arranged, and the orientation direction of the antenna shown in FIG. 1 is a reference direction.
  • the length direction of the slits 312 is a vertical direction, and each slit 312 allows a second polarization direction.
  • the electromagnetic wave is transmitted through. That is, the polarization direction of the slit 312 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the signal (the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed array 10), so that the signal emitted by the feed is reflected on the secondary reflection array (but the polarization direction of the slit 312 is the same).
  • the signal can penetrate the secondary reflection array; the array is a non-uniform array, and the different delays of the signals on each unit are controlled to control the phase by designing different slits 312 shapes, such that the feed beam (feed array 10)
  • the reflected signal during the scanning process can always fall within the range of the main reflection array, that is, the electric energy of the first polarization direction that can be emitted by the feed source
  • the magnetic waves are reflected onto the main reflective array 20 for reflection.
  • the phase delay of the slit gradually decreases along the direction from the center of the sub-reflecting surface to the edge.
  • the phase delay of the slit near the center position of the sub-reflecting surface is large, and the phase retardation of the slit near the edge position is small, and the phase delay of the slit from the center position to the edge position is decreased.
  • the purpose of this design is to compensate the propagation path difference between the position of the sub-reflecting surface unit and the main reflecting surface by the phase delay difference, so that the signal reflected by the slit on the sub-reflecting surface can fall right in the main reflection array after spatial synthesis. Inside, energy is not wasted.
  • FIG. 5 is a reflective array antenna according to another embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the secondary reflective surface 30 provided by the embodiment.
  • the center points of the feed array 10, the main reflection array 20, and the sub-reflecting surface 30 provided in this embodiment are located on the same straight line, and the three are arranged in parallel.
  • the reflective surface 30 has an arcuate structure. Therefore, the parallel of the secondary reflective surface 30 and the primary reflective array 20 means that the plane of the secondary reflective surface 30 facing the edge of one side of the primary reflective array 20 is parallel to the primary reflective array 20.
  • the secondary reflective surface 30 provided in this embodiment is a polarization grid 321 , and the placement direction of the antenna shown in FIG. 5 is a reference direction.
  • the length direction of the grid 321 is a vertical direction, and the polarization direction of the polarization grid 321 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the signal emitted by the feed array 10. Therefore, the signal emitted by the feed is reflected on the secondary reflection array (but the signal having the same polarization direction as the slit 312 can penetrate the secondary reflection array); the secondary reflection surface 30 is a concave curved plate. 32, and the curved plate 32 is concave toward one side of the feed array 10.
  • the secondary reflecting surface 30 is in the shape of a paraboloid, and the purpose of the design is to compensate the propagation path difference between the position of each reflecting point of the secondary reflecting surface and the main reflecting surface by the curved surface structure, so that the secondary reflecting surface
  • the signal reflected by the slit can be just within the range of the main reflection array after spatial synthesis, so that the feed beam (the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed array 10) can pass through the polarization grid. After the 321 is reflected, the signal can cover the main reflective array 20.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, which includes the reflective array antenna of any of the above.
  • an antenna composed of the feed array 10, the main reflective array 20, and the secondary reflecting surface 30 is used, and after the feeding array 10 emits electromagnetic waves in the first polarization direction, the electromagnetic waves propagate to the secondary reflecting surface 30. Since the sub-reflecting surface 30 has an electromagnetic wave reflecting the first polarization direction, allowing the electromagnetic wave of the second polarization direction to pass through, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the feed array 10 onto the sub-reflecting surface 30 is reflected to the main reflection array.
  • the main reflection array 20 is reflected again, and when reflected, the main reflection array 20 can change the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave, so that the electromagnetic wave reflected by the main reflection array 20 becomes an electromagnetic wave in the second polarization direction, and the electromagnetic wave in the second polarization direction It can pass through the secondary reflecting surface 30. Therefore, when the sub-reflecting surface 30 is disposed, a structure having a large area can be provided, thereby ensuring that the sub-reflecting surface 30 can reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted from the feeding array 10 onto the main reflective array 20, and the sub-reflection is set.
  • the face 30 does not block the electromagnetic wave emission of the primary reflective array 20, enabling the beam scanning range to be satisfied in a relatively low cost manner, and can satisfy the application requirements for the pattern.

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Abstract

一种反射阵天线及通信设备，该天线包括馈源阵列、副反射面及主反射阵列；其中，馈源阵列能够发射第一极化方向的电磁波；副反射面用于反射馈源阵列发射的第一极化方向的电磁波，并可透过第二极化方向的电磁波；主反射阵列用于将副反射面反射的第一极化方向的电磁波转换成第二极化方向的电磁波，并反射出去。在上述技术方案中，通过采用副反射面能够反射第一极化方向的电磁波，并通过第二极化方向的电磁波，从而使得副反射面可以设置的面积较大，且不会阻挡主反射阵列的电磁波发射，实现了能够以一种成本相对较低的方式满足要求的波束扫描范围，而且可以满足应用对于方向图的要求。

Description

一种反射阵天线及通信设备 技术领域
本申请涉及到通信技术领域，尤其涉及到一种反射阵天线及通信设备。
背景技术
波束可调天线在微波通信中受到广泛关注，利用这种天线的波束扫描能力，一方面可以大幅降低微波天线安装对准的时间，另一方面可以实现波束跟踪能力以对抗大风等导致设备摇晃引起的链路中断问题。
现有技术中利用少量天线单元作为抛物面或透镜的馈源，利用馈源的扫描能力实现最终波束的扫描，并兼具高增益。但是该方案中由于馈源扫描需要覆盖副反射面，而副反射面通常比较小以免遮挡主波束，因此扫描角度有限。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种反射阵天线，解决了副反射面遮挡主反射阵列造成的扫描角度受限的问题。
该天线包括馈源阵列，设置在所述馈源阵列一侧的副反射面，以及设置在所述馈源阵列与所述副反射面相对的另一侧的主反射阵列；其中，
所述馈源阵列能够发射第一极化方向的电磁波；
所述副反射面用于反射所述馈源阵列发射的第一极化方向的电磁波，并可透过第二极化方向的电磁波，且所述第一极化方向及第二极化方向相互垂直；
所述主反射阵列用于将所述副反射面反射的第一极化方向的电磁波转换成第二极化方向的电磁波，并反射出去。
在上述技术方案中，通过采用副反射面能够反射第一极化方向的电磁波，并通过第二极化方向的电磁波，从而使得副反射面可以设置的面积较大，且 不会阻挡主反射阵列的电磁波发射，实现了能够以一种成本相对较低的方式满足要求的波束扫描范围，而且可以满足应用对于方向图的要求。
在一个具体的实施方案中，所述馈源阵列包括多个馈源天线单元，以及与每个馈源天线单元连接的调节单元。
其中，所述调节单元包括与所述每个馈源天线单元连接用于调节相位的移相装置，以及，可选地，与所述每个馈源天线单元连接用于调节幅度的增益调节装置。通过调节阵列馈源中与每个馈源天线单元连接的移相装置和/或增益调节装置，可以调节阵列馈源的波束指向。
在具体设置时，所述主反射阵列包括多个阵列排列的反射单元。其中的每个反射单元包括衬底，以及设置在所述衬底上的反射贴片。所述反射贴片能够将入射的电磁波的极化方向旋转90度。通过设置的反射贴片可以改变电磁波的极化方向，使得电磁波可以通过副反射面传播出去，避免副反射面的阻挡。
在具体设置时，副反射面可以采用不同的设置方式。下面进行详细的描述。
在一个具体实施方式中，所述副反射面包括基板，以及设置在所述基板上的单极化缝隙阵列，每个缝隙允许第二极化方向的电磁波透过。该单极化缝隙呈阵列的方式排列，可以将馈源发射出的第一极化方向的电磁波反射到主反射阵列上进行反射。
在具体设置缝隙时，沿从所述副反射面中心到边沿的排列方向，所述缝隙的相位延迟逐渐降低。
此外，在采用上述方式时，所述副反射面为板状结构。同时，主反射阵列也采用板状结构。当然副反射面还可以是矩形、圆形、椭圆形等不同的形状。
在另一个具体实施方式中，所述副反射面为具有弧形结构的极化栅格，其中，所述极化栅格的极化方向与馈源阵列发射的信号的极化方向垂直，且所述极化栅格朝向所述馈源阵列的一面内凹。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信设备，该通信设备包括上述任一项所述的反射阵天线。
在上述技术方案中，通过采用副反射面能够反射第一极化方向的电磁波，并通过第二极化方向的电磁波，从而使得副反射面可以设置的面积较大，且不会阻挡主反射阵列的电磁波发射，实现了能够以一种成本相对较低的方式满足要求的波束扫描范围，而且可以满足应用对于方向图的要求。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例提供的反射阵天线的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的副反射面的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的主反射阵列的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的主反射阵列改变电磁波极化方向的参考图；
图5为本申请另一实施例提供的反射阵天线的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的副反射面的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请进行描述。
如图1及图5所示，图1及图5示出了两种不同实施例提供的反射阵天线，在两种具体实施例提供的反射阵天线中均包含以下结构：馈源阵列10、副反射面30及主反射阵列20；在具体设置时，
副反射面30设置在馈源阵列10的一侧，主反射阵列20设置在馈源阵列10与副反射面30相对的另一侧，其中，
馈源阵列10能够发射第一极化方向的电磁波；
副反射面30用于反射馈源阵列10发射的第一极化方向的电磁波，并可透过第二极化方向的电磁波，且第一极化方向及第二极化方向相互垂直；
主反射阵列20用于将副反射面30反射的第一极化方向的电磁波转换成第二极化方向的电磁波，并反射出去。
其中的馈源阵列10包括阵列排列的馈源天线单元11，以及与每个馈源天线单元11连接的调节单元。每个馈源天线单元11可以是一个独立的天线单元11，也可以是一个子阵列天线，通过该馈源天线单元11可以发射出第一极化方向的电磁波。该馈源天线单元11跟调节单元包括与所述每个馈源天线单元11连接用于调节相位的移相装置，以及，可选地，与每个馈源天线单元11连接用于调节幅度的增益调节装置。通过调节阵列馈源中与每个馈源天线单元连接的移相装置和/或增益调节装置，可以调节阵列馈源的波束指向。
在馈源阵列10发射出第一极化方向的电磁波后，电磁波传播到副反射面30上，由于副反射面30具有反射第一极化方向的电磁波，允许第二极化方向的电磁波穿过的功能，因此，馈源阵列10发射到副反射面30上的电磁波被反射到主反射阵列20上再次反射，并且在反射时，该主反射阵列20能够改变电磁波的极化方向，使得主反射阵列20再次反射的电磁波变成第二极化方向的电磁波，而第二极化方向的电磁波可以通过副反射面30。因此，在副反射面30在设置时，可以设置成面积较大的结构，从而能够保证副反射面30能够将馈源阵列10发射出的电磁波反射到主反射阵列20上，并且设置的副反射面30不会阻挡主反射阵列20的电磁波发射，实现了能够以一种成本相对较低的方式满足要求的波束扫描范围，而且可以满足应用对于方向图的要求。
如图3及图4，图3示出了本实施例提供的主反射阵列20的一个反射单元的结构，图4示出了反射单元对电磁波反射的原理图。一并参考图1，本实施例提供的主反射阵列20包括多个阵列排列的反射单元。具体设置时，如图1所示，多个反射单元呈矩形阵列的方式排列；在反射单元包含如图3所示的衬底21及反射贴片22时，反射贴片22设置在衬底21上，并且在反射单元呈阵列方式设置时，多个反射单元的衬底21为一体结构。即整个主反射阵列20包含一个整块的衬底21，以及固定在该衬底21上并呈阵列排列的反射贴片22。在上述结构中，主反射阵列20的功能主要是通过反射贴片22来实现的，即通过反射贴片22改变电磁波的极化方向，该反射贴片22为将入射的 电磁波的极化方向旋转90度的反射贴片22。具体的，如图4所示，馈源阵列发射出来的电磁波极化方向与反射贴片22的极化方向相差45度，通过设计反射贴片22的尺寸，使得电磁波在反射贴片22上进行反射时，平行于反射贴片22的极化方向的分量的延时与垂直于反射贴片22的极化方向的分量的延时相差180度，从而使得在电磁波照射到主反射阵列20时，电磁波的极化方向由第一极化方向
Figure PCTCN2016108052-appb-000001
转变成第二极化方向
Figure PCTCN2016108052-appb-000002
入射电磁波的极化方向旋转90度。从而使得反射后的信号能够透过副反射阵。
在具体设置时，副反射面30可以采用不同的设置方式。下面进行详细的描述。
实施例1
如图1及图2所示，其中，图1示出了反射阵天线的结构，图2示出了副反射面30的结构示意图。由图1可以看出，本实施例提供的反射阵天线中，副反射面30、主反射阵列20及馈源阵列10的中心点位于同一直线上，且三者之间平行设置。
如图2所示，在本实施例中，副反射面30为一个板状结构31，具体的，如矩形、圆形、椭圆形等不同的形状，该板状结构31上阵列设置了多个单极化缝隙312，其极化方向与馈源阵列10发射出来的电磁波极化方向垂直，具体的，该副反射面30包含一个基板311，该基板311为矩形形状，且该基板311上阵列排列了多个单极化缝隙312，以图1所示的天线的放置方向为参考方向，在本实施例中，缝隙312的长度方向为竖直方向，每个缝隙312允许第二极化方向的电磁波透过。即缝隙312的极化方向与信号(馈源阵列10发出的电磁波)的极化方向垂直，因此馈源发射出来的信号在该副反射阵上被反射(但与该缝隙312极化方向相同的信号则可以穿透该副反射阵)；该阵列是一个非均匀阵列，通过设计不同的缝隙312形状来实现每个单元上对信号的不同延迟以控制相位，使得馈源波束(馈源阵列10)扫描过程中的反射信号始终能够落在主反射阵范围内，即可以将馈源发射出的第一极化方向的电 磁波反射到主反射阵列20上进行反射。
具体地，设计不同的缝隙312形状来实现每个单元上对信号的不同延迟的方法有很多种，利用缝隙的宽度、形状等，这里不做限定。在本实施例的放置方式下，沿从所述副反射面中心到边沿的排列方向，所述缝隙的相位延迟逐渐降低。通过不同的缝隙形状，使得靠近副反射面中心位置的缝隙的相位延迟较大，而靠近边缘位置的缝隙的相位延迟较小，从中心位置到边缘位置的缝隙的相位延迟递减。这样设计的目的在于通过相位延迟差来补偿副反射面单元位置与主反射面之间的传播路程差，使得副反射面上的缝隙反射后的信号在空间合成后能够正好落在主反射阵范围内，能量不会被浪费。
实施例2
如图5及图6所示，图5为本申请另一实施例提供的反射阵天线，图6示出了本实施例提供的副反射面30的结构示意图。
如图5所示，本实施例提供的馈源阵列10、主反射阵列20、副反射面30的中心点位于同一条直线上，且三者之间平行设置，在本实施例中，由于副反射面30为弧形结构，因此，该副反射面30与主反射阵列20的平行是指，副反射面30朝向主反射阵列20的一面的边沿所在的平面与主反射阵列20平行。
一并参考图5及图6，由图5及图6可以看出，本实施例提供的副反射面30为极化栅格321，以图5所示的天线的放置方向为参考方向，极化栅格321的长度方向为竖直方向，极化栅格321的极化方向与馈源阵列10发射的信号的极化方向垂直。因此馈源发射出来的信号在该副反射阵上被反射(但与该缝隙312极化方向相同的信号则可以穿透该副反射阵)；该副反射面30为一个内凹的弧形板32，且弧形板32朝向馈源阵列10的一面内凹。在一个具体的实施方式中，副反射面30为一个抛物面形状，这样设计的目的在于通过弧面结构来补偿副反射面各个反射点位置与主反射面之间的传播路程差，使得副反射面上的缝隙反射后的信号在空间合成后能够正好落在主反射阵范围内，从而能够使得馈源波束(馈源阵列10发射的电磁波)经过该极化栅格 321反射后，信号能够覆盖主反射阵列20。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信设备，该通信设备包括上述任一项的反射阵天线。
在上述实施例中，采用馈源阵列10、主反射阵列20、副反射面30组成的天线，并且在馈源阵列10发射出第一极化方向的电磁波后，电磁波传播到副反射面30上，由于副反射面30具有反射第一极化方向的电磁波，允许第二极化方向的电磁波穿过的功能，因此，馈源阵列10发射到副反射面30上的电磁波被反射到主反射阵列20上再次反射，并且在反射时，该主反射阵列20能够改变电磁波的极化方向，使得主反射阵列20再次反射的电磁波变成第二极化方向的电磁波，而第二极化方向的电磁波可以通过副反射面30。因此，在副反射面30在设置时，可以设置成面积较大的结构，从而能够保证副反射面30能够将馈源阵列10发射出的电磁波反射到主反射阵列20上，并且设置的副反射面30不会阻挡主反射阵列20的电磁波发射，实现了能够以一种成本相对较低的方式满足要求的波束扫描范围，而且可以满足应用对于方向图的要求。
尽管已描述了本申请的一种实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括本申请描述的实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请实施例的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种反射阵天线，其特征在于，包括馈源阵列，设置在所述馈源阵列一侧的副反射面，以及设置在所述馈源阵列与所述副反射面相对的另一侧的主反射阵列；其中，
    所述馈源阵列用于发射第一极化方向的电磁波；
    所述副反射面用于反射所述馈源阵列发射的第一极化方向的电磁波，并可透过第二极化方向的电磁波，且所述第一极化方向及第二极化方向相互垂直；
    所述主反射阵列用于将所述副反射面反射的第一极化方向的电磁波转换成第二极化方向的电磁波，并反射出去。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的反射阵天线，其特征在于，所述馈源阵列包括阵列排列的馈源天线单元，以及与每个馈源天线单元连接的调节单元。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的反射阵天线，其特征在于，所述调节单元包括与所述每个馈源天线单元连接的移相装置，以及与所述每个馈源天线单元连接的增益调节装置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的反射阵天线，其特征在于，所述主反射阵列包括多个阵列排列的反射单元。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的反射阵天线，其特征在于，每个反射单元包括衬底，以及设置在所述衬底上的反射贴片，所述反射贴片用于将入射的电磁波的极化方向旋转90度。
  6. 如权利要求1～5任一项所述的反射阵天线，其特征在于，所述副反射面包括基板，以及设置在所述基板上的单极化缝隙阵列，每个缝隙允许第二极化方向的电磁波透过。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的反射阵天线，其特征在于，所述副反射面为矩形的板状结构。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的反射阵列天线，其特征在于，沿从所述副反射面 中心到边沿的排列方向，所述缝隙的相位延迟逐渐降低。
  9. 如权利要求1～5任一项所述的反射阵天线，其特征在于，所述副反射面为具有弧形结构的极化栅格，其中，所述极化栅格的极化方向与馈源阵列发射的信号的极化方向垂直，且所述极化栅格朝向所述馈源阵列的一面内凹。
  10. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～9任一项所述的反射阵天线。
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CN113113770A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-13 广州智讯通信系统有限公司 一种采用极化敏感型线-圆极化变换器的天线
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CN119560781A (zh) * 2025-01-24 2025-03-04 深圳市齐奥通信技术有限公司 透射反射阵列天线

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