WO2018120073A1 - 自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置及风力风电机 - Google Patents

自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置及风力风电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120073A1
WO2018120073A1 PCT/CN2016/113636 CN2016113636W WO2018120073A1 WO 2018120073 A1 WO2018120073 A1 WO 2018120073A1 CN 2016113636 W CN2016113636 W CN 2016113636W WO 2018120073 A1 WO2018120073 A1 WO 2018120073A1
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Prior art keywords
wind
motor
adaptive
power generator
rotor
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PCT/CN2016/113636
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
鲁效平
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CRRC Wind Power Shandong Co Ltd
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CRRC Wind Power Shandong Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/113636 priority Critical patent/WO2018120073A1/zh
Priority to EP16925589.0A priority patent/EP3564525B1/en
Publication of WO2018120073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120073A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/133—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines with a convergent-divergent guiding structure, e.g. a Venturi conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to an adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator driving device and a wind power generator.
  • Wind turbines are mainly divided into horizontal and vertical axes.
  • Horizontal wind turbines are commonly used in large-scale wind turbines, and horizontal and vertical shafts in small wind turbines are used.
  • the horizontal axis scheme mainly uses the lift of the blade to do work.
  • the advantage lies in the high power coefficient.
  • the disadvantage is that it needs to adjust the wind direction and the tower to bear a large bending moment according to the change of the wind direction; the vertical axis scheme is more diversified, mainly with resistance type.
  • Lift type and hybrid type the resistance type includes S type, wind cup type, etc.
  • the advantage is that the air type is simple, the self-starting type is good, but the wind power utilization coefficient is not high; the lift type includes H type, ⁇ type, etc., its advantages The wind energy utilization rate is high, the disadvantage is that it requires a special airfoil and the self-starting property is not good; the hybrid type has the advantages of both the lift type and the resistance type, but the structure is relatively complicated.
  • An adaptive pitched vertical axis wind power generator driving device of the present invention comprises a tower, the top end of which is mounted with a wind wheel and a motor, the wind wheel comprises a plurality of blades, and each blade is mounted with a self Adapting to the pitching device, the adaptive pitching device is mounted on the rotor of the motor; the tower is also equipped with a wind collecting shroud, the collecting windshield is located below the wind wheel, and the collecting wind is diverted The hood is used to gather wind energy in all directions and blow it vertically to the wind wheel, so that the wind wheel drives the rotor of the motor to generate electric energy under the action of the wind speed.
  • the adaptive pitching device comprises a first support shaft, a blade root shaft, a torsion spring and a second support bearing;
  • the blade root shaft is fixedly connected with the blade, the blade root shaft and the first support bearing and the second
  • the support bearings are connected, and the first support bearing and the second support bearing are both mounted on a rotor of the motor, and the blade root shaft is also sleeved with a torsion spring, and the torsion spring is also fixed on the rotor of the motor.
  • the magnitude is the aerodynamic torque acting on the blade root shaft at the rated wind speed.
  • the blade In the initial state, the blade is fixed at the optimum windward angle at which the blade can capture the maximum wind energy.
  • the working process of the adaptive pitching device is as follows: when the rated wind speed is below, the blade is at the initial windward angle under the action of the torsion spring pre-tightening torque.
  • the wind turbine captures the maximum wind energy at the current wind speed; when the rated wind speed is above, the effect is The air moment on the blade root axis exceeds the preset torque of the torsion spring, and the windward angle of the blade rotates in the feathering direction under the action of the aerodynamic moment, and the aerodynamic torque acting on the blade is correspondingly reduced until the aerodynamic torque and the preset torque When the balance is reached, the power captured by the wind wheel is stabilized at the rated power.
  • a protective cover is further mounted on the tower, and the protective cover is mounted above the wind wheel.
  • the purpose of the shield is to protect the blades and motors from rain, snow and ice, and to prevent biological intrusion.
  • the number of blades is at least three.
  • the three blades are the minimum required to meet the minimum wind power requirements, and the specific number of blades is determined according to the actual situation.
  • the adaptive pitching device is mounted equidistantly on the rotor of the electric machine.
  • the blades connected to the adaptive pitching device can be evenly arranged on the rotor of the motor, which can ensure the stability of the vertical pitch wind turbine driving device of the adaptive pitching, and can also meet the requirements of rapid and stable power generation.
  • a hub is mounted on the rotor of the motor, and the blade root shaft is fixedly connected to the blade through the hub.
  • the main function of the hub is to protect the motor and the adaptive pitching device.
  • the lift principle generated by the airfoil generates a negative pressure on the leeward side of the wind wheel, and the wind speed through the wind wheel is secondarily accelerated.
  • the motor is a disc outer rotor motor, and the rotor of the motor is fixed with the wind wheel, and rotates around the stator of the motor, and the stator of the motor is fixedly connected to the tower.
  • a cable is further disposed in the tower, and the cable is connected to the motor.
  • the main support of the tower is fixed, so that the cable provided therein can send the electric energy output from the motor to the electric device.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a vertically pitched vertical axis wind turbine drive.
  • the working method of the adaptive pitching vertical axis wind power generator driving device of the present invention comprises:
  • Step 1 The wind collecting shroud is used for collecting wind energy in all directions and blowing it vertically to the wind wheel, and the wind wheel drives the rotor of the motor to generate electric energy under the action of the wind speed;
  • Step 2 The adaptive pitch device automatically adjusts the windward angle of the blade according to the wind speed to achieve adaptive control of power and load.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator.
  • the wind power generator of the present invention includes the above-described adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator driving device.
  • the wind collecting hood of the invention can collect concentrated wind energy, improve the taste of wind energy, and improve the working efficiency of the generator; the wind collecting shroud can gather wind energy in all directions without the yaw wind device;
  • Each blade of the present invention is equipped with an adaptive pitching device, which does not require a power source, and can automatically change the blade windward angle according to the wind speed to achieve adaptive control of power and power;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a structure of an adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator driving device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the structure of the adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a wind wheel of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of an adaptive pitching device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator driving device of the present invention.
  • connection is to be understood broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise.
  • Connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, which can be a connection inside the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a structure of an adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator of the present invention.
  • the adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator driving device comprises a tower 8, a top end of the tower 8 is mounted with a wind wheel and a motor, and the tower 8 is further provided with a wind collecting shroud 5
  • the wind deflector 5 is located below the wind wheel, and the wind deflector 5 is used for collecting wind energy in all directions and blowing it vertically to the wind wheel, so that the wind wheel drives the motor under the action of the wind speed.
  • the rotor 7 rotates to generate electrical energy.
  • the wind wheel shown in Fig. 3 comprises a plurality of blades 3, each of which is mounted with an adaptive pitching device 6, which is mounted on the rotor 7 of the machine.
  • a protective cover 1 is further mounted on the tower 8, and the protective cover 1 is mounted on the wind. Above the wheel.
  • the purpose of the shield 1 is to protect the blades and the motor from lightning, snow and ice, and to prevent biological intrusion.
  • the rotor 7 of the motor is further mounted with a hub 2 through which the blade root shaft 12 is fixedly coupled to the blade 3.
  • the main function of the hub 2 is to protect the motor and the adaptive pitch device.
  • the lift principle generated by the airfoil generates a negative pressure on the leeward side of the wind wheel, and the wind speed through the wind wheel is secondarily accelerated.
  • a cable line is further disposed in the tower 8, and the cable is connected to the motor.
  • the main support of the tower is fixed, so that the cable provided therein can send the electric energy output from the motor to the electric device.
  • the motor is a disc outer rotor motor, and the rotor of the motor is fixed with the wind wheel, and rotates around the stator of the motor, and the stator of the motor is fixedly connected to the tower.
  • the number of blades is at least three.
  • the three blades are the minimum required to meet the minimum wind power requirements, and the specific number of blades is determined according to the actual situation.
  • the horizontal shaft lift type blade has high power generation efficiency
  • the adaptive pitching device is mounted equidistantly on the rotor of the electric machine.
  • the blades connected to the adaptive pitching device can be evenly arranged on the rotor of the motor, which can ensure the stability of the vertical pitch wind turbine driving device of the adaptive pitching, and can also meet the requirements of rapid and stable power generation.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an adaptive pitching device of the present invention, the adaptive pitching device as shown includes a first support shaft 9, a blade root shaft 12, a torsion spring 10, and a second support bearing 11;
  • the blade root shaft 12 is fixedly coupled to the blade 3, and the blade root shaft 12 is coupled to the first support bearing 9 and the second support bearing 11, respectively, and the first support bearing 9 and the second support bearing 11 are both mounted to the rotor 7 of the motor.
  • the torsion spring 10 is also sheathed on the blade shaft 12, and the torsion spring 10 is also fixed to the rotor 7 of the motor.
  • the magnitude is the aerodynamic torque acting on the blade root shaft at the rated wind speed.
  • the blade In the initial state, the blade is fixed at the optimum windward angle at which the blade can capture the maximum wind energy.
  • the working process of the adaptive pitching device is as follows: when the rated wind speed is below, the blade is at the initial windward angle under the action of the torsion spring pre-tightening torque.
  • the wind turbine captures the maximum wind energy at the current wind speed; when the rated wind speed is above, the effect is The air moment on the blade root axis exceeds the preset torque of the torsion spring, and the windward angle of the blade rotates in the feathering direction under the action of the aerodynamic moment, and the aerodynamic torque acting on the blade is correspondingly reduced until the aerodynamic torque and the preset torque When the balance is reached, the power captured by the wind wheel is stabilized at the rated power.
  • the adaptive pitching device of the present invention may also employ a hydraulic pitching device or an existing adaptive pitching device of other configurations.
  • the wind collecting shroud of the invention can collect concentrated wind energy, improve wind energy taste and improve working efficiency of the generator; the wind collecting shroud can gather wind energy in all directions without yaw wind setting device; each blade of the invention has Installed with adaptive change Paddle device, which does not need a power source, can automatically change the windward angle of the blade according to the wind speed, and realize adaptive control of power and power; the rotating parts of the wind power generator are hidden inside the shroud without causing visual pollution, Affect the natural environment, free from the effects of rain, snow, hail and biological invasion.
  • a top shroud may be disposed on the outer side of the wind wheel.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator driving device of the present invention.
  • the working method of the adaptive pitch vertical axis wind power generator driving device of the present invention comprises:
  • Step 1 The wind collecting shroud is used for collecting wind energy in all directions and blowing it vertically to the wind wheel, and the wind wheel drives the rotor of the motor to generate electric energy under the action of the wind speed;
  • Step 2 The adaptive pitch device automatically adjusts the windward angle of the blade according to the wind speed to achieve adaptive control of power and load.
  • a damping device can also be added to the blade root shaft.
  • the present invention is based on a vertical axis wind turbine drive as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and also provides a wind power generator comprising the above described adaptive pitch vertical axis wind turbine drive.
  • Other structures of the wind turbine are of the prior art and will not be described here.
  • the wind collecting shroud of the wind power generator of the invention can collect concentrated wind energy, improve the taste of the wind energy, and improve the working efficiency of the generator; the wind collecting shroud can gather the wind energy in all directions without the yaw wind device; Each blade is equipped with an adaptive pitching device, which does not require a power source, and can automatically change the blade windward angle according to the wind speed to achieve adaptive control of power and power; the rotating components of the wind turbine are hidden in the diversion
  • the inside of the hood does not cause visual pollution, does not affect the natural environment, and is not affected by rain, snow, hail and biological invasion. It can be widely used in cities.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置及风力发电机，其中风力发电机驱动装置包括塔架(8)，塔架的顶端安装有风轮和电机，所述风轮包括若干个叶片(3)，每个叶片均安装有一个自适应变桨装置(6)，自适应变桨装置安装在电机的转子(7)上；所述塔架上还安装有聚风导流罩(5)，所述聚风导流罩位于风轮的下方，所述聚风导流罩用于将各个方向的风能聚集并使其垂直吹向风轮，使得风轮在风速的作用下带动电机的转子旋转产生电能。

Description

自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置及风力风电机 技术领域
本发明属于风力发电领域，尤其涉及一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置及风力发电机。
背景技术
我国风能资源丰富，风电发展迅速。风电机组主要分为水平轴和垂直轴，大型化风电机组普遍采用水平轴方案，小型风电机组中水平轴和垂直轴的方案各有应用。水平轴方案的主要利用叶片的升力做功，优势在于功率系数较高，缺点在于需要根据风向的变化调整对风方向、塔架承受较大的弯矩；垂直轴方案较为多样化，主要有阻力型、升力型和混合型，阻力型包括S型、风杯型等，其优点是翼型简单、自启型好，但风功率利用系数不高；升力型包括H型，Φ型等，其优点是风能利用率高，缺点是需要专门的翼型、自启动性不好；混合型兼具升力型和阻力型的优点，但结构较为复杂。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的缺点，本发明的第一目的是提供一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置。
本发明的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，包括塔架，塔架的顶端安装有风轮和电机，所述风轮包括若干个叶片，每个叶片均安装有一个自适应变桨装置，自适应变桨装置安装在电机的转子上；所述塔架上还安装有聚风导流罩，所述聚风导流罩位于风轮的下方，所述聚风导流罩用于将各个方向的风能聚集并使其垂直吹向风轮，使得风轮在风速的作用下带动电机的转子旋转产生电能。
优选地，所述自适应变桨装置包括第一支撑轴、叶根轴、扭簧和第二支撑轴承；所述叶根轴与叶片固定连接，叶根轴分别与第一支撑轴承和第二支撑轴承相连，所述第一支撑轴承和第二支撑轴承均安装于电机的转子上，所述叶根轴上还套穿有扭簧，所述扭簧也固定于电机的转子上。
由于扭簧预设一定扭矩，大小为额定风速时作用在叶根轴上的气动扭矩。初始状态下叶片固定在最佳迎风角，该角度下叶片能够捕获最大风能。自适应变桨装置的工作过程如下：额定风速以下时，叶片在扭簧预紧扭矩的作用下处于初始迎风角度，此时风力发电机捕获当前风速下的最大风能；额定风速以上时，作用在叶根轴上的空气力矩超过扭簧预设的扭矩，叶片的迎风角度在气动力矩的作用下向顺桨方向转动，作用在叶片上的气动力矩相应减小，直到气动力矩与预设的扭矩达到平衡，此时风轮捕获的功率稳定在额定功率。
进一步地，所述塔架上还安装有保护罩，所述保护罩安装于风轮上方。防护罩的目的是保护叶片和电机不受雨雪冰雹雷击的影响，同时可以有效防止生物入侵。
优选地，叶片的数量至少为3个。3个叶片是满足最小风力发电的要求的最低限，而叶片的具体数量根据实际情况确定。
优选地，所述自适应变桨装置等间距安装在电机的转子上。这样使得与自适应变桨装置相连的叶片能够均匀地布置于电机的转子上，既能保证自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置的稳定性，也能够达到快速稳定发电的要求。
进一步地，电机的转子上还安装有轮毂，叶根轴穿过轮毂与叶片固定连接。轮毂的主要作用是保护电机和自适应变桨装置，同时利用翼型产生的升力原理在风轮背风面产生负压，对流经风轮的风速进行二次加速。
优选地，所述电机为盘式外转子电机，电机的转子与风轮固定在一起，共同围绕电机的定子旋转，电机的定子固定连接在塔架上。
进一步地，所述塔架内还设有电缆线，所述电缆线与电机相连。塔架的主要起支撑固定作用，这样其内设置的电缆线能够将电机输出的电能发送至需电装置中。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置的工作方法。
本发明的该自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置的工作方法，包括：
步骤1：聚风导流罩用于将各个方向的风能聚集并使其垂直吹向风轮，风轮在风速的作用下带动电机的转子旋转产生电能；
步骤2：自适应变桨装置根据风速大小自动调节叶片的迎风角度，实现对功率和载荷的自适应控制。
本发明的第三目的是提供一种风力发电机。
本发明的该风力发电机，包括上述的自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明的聚风导流罩能够聚集浓缩风能，提高风能品味，提高发电机工作效率；聚风导流罩能够聚集各个方向的风能，不需要偏航对风装置；
(2)本发明的每个叶片都安装有自适应变桨装置，该装置不需要动力源，能够根据风速大小自动的改变叶片迎风角度，实现功率和功率的自适应控制；
(3)风力发电机的旋转部件都隐藏在导流罩内部，不造成视觉污染，不影响自然环境，不受雨雪冰雹和生物入侵的影响，可在城市内大量应用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置结构的一个实施例示意图；
图2是本发明的自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置结构的另一个实施例示意图；
图3是本发明的风轮的结构示意图；
图4是本发明的自适应变桨装置结构示意图；
图5是本发明的自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置的工作原理图。
其中，1、保护罩；2、轮毂；3、叶片；5、聚风导流罩；6、自适应变桨装置；7、电机的转子；8、塔架；9、第一支撑轴承；10、扭簧；11、第二支撑轴承；12、叶根轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接连接，可以是两个元件内部的连接。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，下面描述的本发明不同实施例方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
图1是本发明的自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置结构的一个实施例示意图。如图所示的自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，包括塔架8，塔架8的顶端安装有风轮和电机，所述塔架8上还安装有聚风导流罩5，所述聚风导流罩5位于风轮的下方，所述聚风导流罩5用于将各个方向的风能聚集并使其垂直吹向风轮，使得风轮在风速的作用下带动电机的转子7旋转产生电能。
如图3所示的风轮包括若干个叶片3，每个叶片3均安装有一个自适应变桨装置6，自适应变桨装置6安装在电机的转子7上。
在另一个实施例中，如图2所示，塔架8上还安装有保护罩1，所述保护罩1安装于风 轮上方。防护罩1的目的是保护叶片和电机不受雨雪冰雹雷击的影响，同时可以有效防止生物入侵。
本在本实施例中，电机的转子上7还安装有轮毂2，叶根轴12穿过轮毂2与叶片3固定连接。轮毂2的主要作用是保护电机和自适应变桨装置，同时利用翼型产生的升力原理在风轮背风面产生负压，对流经风轮的风速进行二次加速。
进一步地，所述塔架8内还设有电缆线，所述电缆线与电机相连。塔架的主要起支撑固定作用，这样其内设置的电缆线能够将电机输出的电能发送至需电装置中。
优选地，所述电机为盘式外转子电机，电机的转子与风轮固定在一起，共同围绕电机的定子旋转，电机的定子固定连接在塔架上。
优选地，叶片的数量至少为3个。3个叶片是满足最小风力发电的要求的最低限，而叶片的具体数量根据实际情况确定。
采用水平轴升力型叶片，发电效率较高；
优选地，所述自适应变桨装置等间距安装在电机的转子上。这样使得与自适应变桨装置相连的叶片能够均匀地布置于电机的转子上，既能保证自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置的稳定性，也能够达到快速稳定发电的要求。
图4是本发明的一种自适应变桨装置的结构示意图，如图所示的自适应变桨装置包括第一支撑轴9、叶根轴12、扭簧10和第二支撑轴承11；所述叶根轴12与叶片3固定连接，叶根轴12分别与第一支撑轴承9和第二支撑轴承11相连，所述第一支撑轴承9和第二支撑轴承11均安装于电机的转子7上，所述叶根轴12上还套穿有扭簧10，所述扭簧10也固定于电机的转子7上。
由于扭簧预设一定扭矩，大小为额定风速时作用在叶根轴上的气动扭矩。初始状态下叶片固定在最佳迎风角，该角度下叶片能够捕获最大风能。自适应变桨装置的工作过程如下：额定风速以下时，叶片在扭簧预紧扭矩的作用下处于初始迎风角度，此时风力发电机捕获当前风速下的最大风能；额定风速以上时，作用在叶根轴上的空气力矩超过扭簧预设的扭矩，叶片的迎风角度在气动力矩的作用下向顺桨方向转动，作用在叶片上的气动力矩相应减小，直到气动力矩与预设的扭矩达到平衡，此时风轮捕获的功率稳定在额定功率。
本发明中的自适应变桨装置还可以采用液压变桨装置或是现有的其他结构的自适应变桨装置。
本发明的聚风导流罩能够聚集浓缩风能，提高风能品味，提高发电机工作效率；聚风导流罩能够聚集各个方向的风能，不需要偏航对风装置；本发明的每个叶片都安装有自适应变 桨装置，该装置不需要动力源，能够根据风速大小自动的改变叶片迎风角度，实现功率和功率的自适应控制；风力发电机的旋转部件都隐藏在导流罩内部，不造成视觉污染，不影响自然环境，不受雨雪冰雹和生物入侵的影响。
本发明为了更好地保证聚风导流罩聚集的各个方向的风能垂直吹向风轮，可在风轮的外侧还设置有顶层导流罩。
图5是本发明的自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置的工作原理图。如图5所示，本发明的该自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置的工作方法，包括：
步骤1：聚风导流罩用于将各个方向的风能聚集并使其垂直吹向风轮，风轮在风速的作用下带动电机的转子旋转产生电能；
步骤2：自适应变桨装置根据风速大小自动调节叶片的迎风角度，实现对功率和载荷的自适应控制。
由于来流方向的不一致，作用在风轮上的风载荷是不均匀分布的，当某个叶片上的风载荷过大时，该叶片的自适应变桨装置会单独变桨，减少该叶片承受的风载，从而使作用在整个风轮上的载荷处于平衡状态。这种方法可以有效减少极限屈服和疲劳失效的几率。为了减少叶片自适应变桨装置的振动，也可以在叶根轴上加装阻尼装置。
本发明基于如图1和图2所示的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置还提供了一种风力发电机，该风力发电机，包括上述所述自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置。该风力发电机的其他结构均为现有结构，此处将不再累述。
本发明的该风力发电机中的聚风导流罩能够聚集浓缩风能，提高风能品味，提高发电机工作效率；聚风导流罩能够聚集各个方向的风能，不需要偏航对风装置；而每个叶片都安装有自适应变桨装置，该装置不需要动力源，能够根据风速大小自动的改变叶片迎风角度，实现功率和功率的自适应控制；风力发电机的旋转部件都隐藏在导流罩内部，不造成视觉污染，不影响自然环境，不受雨雪冰雹和生物入侵的影响，可在城市内大量应用。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，其特征在于，包括塔架，塔架的顶端安装有风轮和电机，所述风轮包括若干个叶片，每个叶片均安装有一个自适应变桨装置，自适应变桨装置安装在电机的转子上；所述塔架上还安装有聚风导流罩，所述聚风导流罩位于风轮的下方，所述聚风导流罩用于将各个方向的风能聚集并使其垂直吹向风轮，使得风轮在风速的作用下带动电机的转子旋转产生电能。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自适应变桨装置包括第一支撑轴、叶根轴、扭簧和第二支撑轴承；所述叶根轴与叶片固定连接，叶根轴分别与第一支撑轴承和第二支撑轴承相连，所述第一支撑轴承和第二支撑轴承均安装于电机的转子上，所述叶根轴上还套穿有扭簧，所述扭簧也固定于电机的转子上。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，其特征在于，所述塔架上还安装有保护罩，所述保护罩安装于风轮上方。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，其特征在于，叶片的数量至少为3个。
  5. 如权利要求1或4所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，其特征在于，所述自适应变桨装置等间距安装在电机的转子上。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，其特征在于，电机的转子上还安装有轮毂，叶根轴穿过轮毂与叶片固定连接。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，其特征在于，所述电机为盘式外转子电机，电机的转子与风轮固定在一起，共同围绕电机的定子旋转，电机的定子固定连接在塔架上。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置，其特征在于，所述塔架内还设有电缆线，所述电缆线与电机相连。
  9. 一种如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置的工作方法，其特征在于，包括：
    步骤1：聚风导流罩用于将各个方向的风能聚集并使其垂直吹向风轮，风轮在风速的作用下带动电机的转子旋转产生电能；
    步骤2：自适应变桨装置根据风速大小自动调节叶片的迎风角度，实现对功率和载荷的自适应控制。
  10. 一种风力发电机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的一种自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置。
PCT/CN2016/113636 2016-12-30 2016-12-30 自适应变桨的垂直轴风力发电机驱动装置及风力风电机 Ceased WO2018120073A1 (zh)

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