WO2018176526A1 - 一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统与方法 - Google Patents

一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统与方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018176526A1
WO2018176526A1 PCT/CN2017/081071 CN2017081071W WO2018176526A1 WO 2018176526 A1 WO2018176526 A1 WO 2018176526A1 CN 2017081071 W CN2017081071 W CN 2017081071W WO 2018176526 A1 WO2018176526 A1 WO 2018176526A1
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signal
point source
array probe
time reversal
control device
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蔡飞燕
李飞
王辰
邱维宝
孟龙
王丛知
肖杨
郑海荣
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Priority to EP17903960.7A priority Critical patent/EP3607991A4/en
Priority to US16/487,310 priority patent/US20190374764A1/en
Publication of WO2018176526A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018176526A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00—Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B8/483—Diagnostic techniques involving the acquisition of a 3D volume of data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
    • G01S15/8909—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration
    • G01S15/8915—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array
    • G01S15/8925—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array the array being a two-dimensional transducer configuration, i.e. matrix or orthogonal linear arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52017—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 particularly adapted to short-range imaging
    • G01S7/52079—Constructional features
    • G01S7/5208—Constructional features with integration of processing functions inside probe or scanhead
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0092—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic vibrations, e.g. phonophoresis

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of acoustic manipulation technology, and more particularly to a system and method for manipulating particles based on a time reversal technique.
  • the non-uniform distribution of parameters such as density and speed of sound in complex non-uniform media causes complex processes of acoustic reflection, scattering, refraction and absorption, and it is difficult to accurately model the sound propagation and energy distribution.
  • Acoustic manipulation technology is difficult to produce a sound field such as a focus field, a standing wave field, or a vortex field in a non-uniform medium, so it is difficult to control the particles in a non-uniform medium. This greatly limits the application of acoustic control devices in fields such as in vivo dosing and reproductive medicine.
  • the 2D surface array probe is used to precisely control the phase in air or water to control the particles at any preset path [see Courtney, Charles RP Demore, Christine EM, Wu Hongxiao, Grinenko Alon, Wilcox Paul D., Cochran Sandy, Drinkwater Bruce W. Independent trapping and manipulation of microparticles using dexterous acoustic tweezers; Appl Phys Lett. 2014.104(15),154103(1)-154103(4)./Marzo Asier, Seah Sue Ann, Drinkwater Bruce W., Sahoo Deepak Ranjan, Long Benjamin, Subramanian Sriram; Nature Communications.2015.6,1-6./Yoichi Ochiai , Takayuki Hoshi, Jun Rekimoto.
  • the present invention proposes a system and method for manipulating particles based on a time reversal technique to achieve manipulation of particles in any path in a non-homogeneous medium.
  • the present invention provides a system for manipulating particles based on a time reversal technique, which may include: an array probe, a point source, a signal receiving and transmitting control device, and a host computer, wherein the array probe is composed of a single element or a plurality of elements, the array probe and the signal receiving and transmitting control device are communicably connected, and the signal receiving and transmitting control device is communicably connected to the upper computer, and the upper computer can receive the signal
  • the time reversal processing is performed (preferably the acoustic signal).
  • the present invention can also use a numerical calculation method (such as the FDTD method) to simulate the propagation of a virtual point source signal in a full space (uniform or non-uniform medium), and then the virtual probe point (probe array probe) Position)
  • the received acoustic signal is time-reversed (parallel appropriate signal processing), input to the detection array probe, and transmitted.
  • This method is particularly directed to the case where the source of the sound source cannot be placed in the medium space, such as in a fixed-point administration in an ultrasound body.
  • the array probe is configured to receive and transmit signals; the signal receiving and transmitting control device is configured to process and transmit signals received from the array probe and signals transmitted from a host computer; and the upper computer is used for Processing from the signal receiving and transmitting control device The returned signal and the transmitted signal.
  • the array probe is configured to receive and transmit an acoustic wave signal
  • the signal receiving and transmitting control device is configured to process and transmit an acoustic wave signal received from the array probe and a command signal transmitted from a host computer
  • the upper position The machine is for processing a control signal transmitted from the signal receiving and transmitting control device and transmitting a command signal.
  • the array probe is a one-dimensional line array or a two-dimensional surface array, and may be composed of at least one row or more rows. This section verifies that four columns of transducers are selected. In addition, the number of dots per array of transducer arrays is as high as possible.
  • a 22*22 array dot matrix transducer is used, and the array probe shape is a planar shape or a circular arc shape.
  • the present invention also provides a method of manipulating particles using a time reversal technique, which may include the steps of moving a point source in a medium along a predetermined arbitrary path and emitting an acoustic signal; the array probe receives from the point The source emits the acoustic wave signal passing through the non-uniform medium, and sequentially transmits the acoustic wave signal to the signal receiving and transmitting control device and the upper computer as described above; the upper computer will receive the received The acoustic signal is subjected to a time reversal process; the array probe is caused to emit the processed acoustic signal; the particles will move along a predetermined path (path of point source motion).
  • a time reversal technique may include the steps of moving a point source in a medium along a predetermined arbitrary path and emitting an acoustic signal; the array probe receives from the point The source emits the acoustic wave signal passing through the non-uniform medium, and sequentially transmit
  • a method for controlling particles using a time reversal technique may include the steps of: causing a host computer to receive an acoustic wave signal from a point source; the host computer performing a time reversal process on the received acoustic wave signal; The sound wave signal after the time reversal processing is sent to the array probe; the array probe is caused to emit the time-reversed processed sound wave signal into the medium; and the position at the point source is located (preferably The particles of the initial position of the source move along the trajectory of the point source motion.
  • the point source may be a physical point source, and the method may accordingly include the step of causing the physical point source in the medium to move along a path through which the particle moves and to emit an acoustic signal; the array probe receives The physical point source in free motion emits the acoustic wave signal passing through the non-uniform medium, and sequentially transmits the acoustic wave signal to the signal receiving and transmitting control device and the upper computer as described above; The host computer performs time reversal processing on the received acoustic wave signal; and transmits the acoustic wave signal subjected to time reversal processing to the array probe; and the array probe is sent to the medium after the time reversal processing An acoustic wave signal; and causing particles located at a location of the physical point source (preferably an initial position of a physical point source) along the physics The trajectory movement of point source motion.
  • the point source may also be a virtual point source, and the method may accordingly include the steps of: simulating the virtual point source to move in a full space with uniform or non-uniform medium and simulating the virtual point using a numerical calculation method
  • the source emits an acoustic wave signal; the array probe is simulated to receive the acoustic wave signal, and the acoustic wave signal is input into the upper computer; the upper computer performs time reversal processing on the received acoustic wave signal;
  • the processed acoustic signal is transmitted; and the particles located at the position of the virtual point source (preferably the initial position of the virtual point source) are moved along a trajectory of the virtual point source motion.
  • the time reversal processing is to transmit the first received acoustic wave signal, and then transmit the subsequently received acoustic wave signal.
  • the particles are captured and manipulated.
  • the point source is a continuous moving point source
  • the medium is a uniform medium or a non-uniform medium.
  • the method can also include manipulating the path of movement of the particles in the medium or manipulating particles on any of the paths in the medium
  • the array probe resonant frequency is between 1 KHz and 500 MHz, preferably between 20 KHz and 50 MHz.
  • the particles are foam balls, and the array probe has a resonance frequency of 40 KHz.
  • Acoustic time reversal is an adaptive focusing method with unique advantages. No matter the condition of the medium and the array probe, no prior knowledge is required (such as spatial distribution of parameters such as density, sound velocity, attenuation coefficient of the medium, probe transmission). In the case of a function), adaptive focusing can be achieved.
  • the focus forms an acoustic potential well that manipulates the particles, which are captured near the acoustic potential well. So acoustic time reversal technology is used to focus and manipulate particles in a non-uniform medium. Therefore, the present invention employing acoustic time reversal techniques overcomes the limitations of current acoustic manipulation devices that are unable to manipulate particles in any path within a non-uniform medium.
  • the particles are manipulated on any path in any medium, including uniform or non-homogeneous media. Therefore, it is of great practical value to realize the application of the acoustic control device in fields such as in vivo fixed-point administration and reproductive medicine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connections of components within a system that manipulates particles based on a time reversal technique.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of manipulating particles based on a time reversal technique.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control particle system receiving signal based on a time reversal technique.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control particle system transmitting signal based on a time reversal technique.
  • Figure 5 is a plot of the acoustic pressure field at the focus point.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram of an experimental setup based on a time reversal technique.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing experimental results of manipulation of particles based on a time reversal technique.
  • Reference numerals 101a-d denote four rows of array probes arranged in a square shape, and the number of array probes per row is 22*22.
  • Reference numeral 102 denotes a signal receiving and transmitting control means, and reference numeral 103 denotes a host computer.
  • the four rows of array probes are each communicably coupled to the signal receiving and transmitting control device, and the signal receiving and transmitting control device is in turn communicatively coupled to the upper computer.
  • the array probe receives and transmits the acoustic wave signal; the signal receiving and transmitting control device processes and transmits the electronic signal transmitted from the array probe receiving and the upper computer; the upper computer sends the signal command and processes the control returned from the signal receiving and transmitting control device. signal.
  • the array probes are 6 rows arranged in a hexagon.
  • the array probes are 8 rows arranged in an octagon.
  • the array probe is an arc Shaped and rounded.
  • step 201 a physical point source is placed in the non-uniform medium such that the physical point source actively emits an acoustic signal.
  • step 202 the array probe receives the acoustic wave signal that is emitted from the physical point source and passes through the non-uniform medium, and the sound wave signal is uploaded to the control system and the host computer interface.
  • step 203 the host computer is caused to perform time reversal processing on the received acoustic wave signal.
  • the probe array is caused to emit the acoustic signal after the time reversal process.
  • the motion trajectory of the particles at the physical point source location is monitored.
  • the non-uniform medium is a medium having different densities (can be understood as an obstacle in the manipulation space, a human body tissue or a gelatinous liquid, etc.)
  • the physical point source is a needle probe smaller than a wavelength
  • the sound field emitted is approximately Point source sound field.
  • the medium is a homogeneous medium, ie air.
  • the particles can be captured and manipulated. This is due to the fact that the acoustic signals emitted by the area array probe are focused at the source location to form an acoustic potential well.
  • the point source is continuously moved arbitrarily, and the probe array continuously receives signals and uploads all the received signals to the host computer.
  • the upper computer stores the signal and processes the signal, the first received signal is transmitted, and the received signal is transmitted first. In this way, the sound waves will also move in the non-uniform medium to form a moving acoustic potential well. Therefore, the particles can be manipulated in any path.
  • the point source used in the method of manipulating particles based on the time reversal technique is a virtual point source
  • the method comprises the following steps: (1) using the time domain finite difference method FDTD respectively Simulating the virtual point source to move in a full space with uniform and non-uniform medium and simulating the virtual point source to emit an acoustic signal; (2) simulating the array probe to receive the acoustic signal, and inputting the acoustic signal into the (3) the host computer performs time reversal processing on the received acoustic wave signal; (4) causing the array probe to transmit the processed acoustic wave signal; and (5) causing the sound wave signal to be located at The particles of the virtual point source initial position move along the trajectory of the virtual point source motion.
  • the method described in this embodiment is particularly effective for site-directed administration in the ultrasound body and the point source cannot be placed in the medium space, and has a strong practicability.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the manipulation of the signal received by the particle system based on the time reversal technique.
  • reference numeral 301 denotes a point source.
  • Reference numeral 302 is a schematic view of a portion taken from the ultrasonic array probe.
  • Reference numeral 303 is a schematic view of a portion of a non-homogeneous medium (in another embodiment, a uniform medium).
  • the acoustic signal is emitted from the point source in the direction indicated by the arrow to the periphery, through the non-uniform medium, and to the ultrasonic array probe.
  • the ultrasonic array probe then transmits the received acoustic signal to the receiving and transmitting control device (not shown, see 102 in Figure 1).
  • the receiving and transmitting control device transmits the acoustic wave signal to the upper computer (not shown, see 103 in Fig. 1).
  • reference numeral 401 denotes a point source.
  • Reference numeral 402 is a schematic view of a portion taken from the ultrasonic array probe.
  • Reference numeral 403 is a schematic view of a portion of a non-uniform medium.
  • the acoustic signals emanating from the point source arrive at the host computer via the inhomogeneous medium, the ultrasound array probe, and the receive and transmit control devices.
  • the upper computer performs time reversal processing on the received acoustic wave signal, that is, the first received signal is transmitted, and the received signal is transmitted first.
  • the signal transmitted from the host computer is transmitted to the acoustic wave particles in a direction opposite to the direction in which the signal is received, that is, via the receiving and transmitting control device, the ultrasonic array probe, the non-uniform medium, and to the point source.
  • the sound waves emitted by the particles are also moved in a non-uniform medium (or uniform medium), they can be combined with an electronic system (not shown) to be implemented in any medium (including a uniform medium or a non-uniform medium).
  • Figure 5 is a plot of the acoustic pressure field at the focus point. It uses a time reversal technique to obtain a focused sound field through numerical simulation. The simulation results in the figure only use a single-row line array probe. The sound field is incident upward from the bottom. The sound field is surrounded by the absorption boundary condition. The depth of the color in the figure represents the intensity of the sound field. The darker the color, the stronger the sound field.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram of an experimental setup based on a time reversal technique.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing experimental results of manipulation of particles based on a time reversal technique.
  • Fig. 6(a) there is a two-dimensional array array probe, and Fig. 6(b) shows a signal receiving and emission control system.
  • a sound source is placed in the control space (including the non-uniform medium) to emit sound waves.
  • the four two-dimensional array probes perform signal processing on the sound wave signals, and then time the signals received by each probe.
  • the time-reversal-based manipulation of the particulate system of the present invention refers to any system that can regulate the reception and emission of acoustic signals.
  • the resonant frequency of the probe used to manipulate the particles is not limited to 40KHz, and any frequency that requires particle manipulation can be selected according to specific conditions and requirements.
  • the manipulation particles are not limited to foam balls, and may be particles of any diameter, any material, and any shape.
  • the array probe has an unlimited number of array elements, and may be a one-dimensional line array or a two-dimensional surface array, and the shape may be a circular arc shape or other suitable shape in addition to the plane.

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Abstract

一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统与方法，目的在于实现在非均匀介质中的对微粒进行任意路径操控。一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统包括：阵列探头（101a-d）、信号接收与发射控制装置（102）以及上位机（103），阵列探头（101a-d）和信号接收与发射控制装置（102）通信地连接，信号接收与发射控制装置（102）与上位机（103）通信地连接。在诸如体内定点给药、生殖医学等领域内的应用，具有较高的实用价值。

Description

一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统与方法 技术领域
本发明总体上涉及声操控技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统与方法。
背景技术
声波作为一种机械波，可与声场内的微粒进行动量与能量交换，产生声辐射力，操控微粒运动。该技术已经应用到物理、化学、生物学等多个领域，因其具有非接触、无损伤，生物兼容性好等优点，受到广泛关注。当前声操控技术及器件主要针对操控物体在密度、声速等声参数均一的均匀介质(水，空气)中，这是因为声在均匀介质中的传播和分布是精确可控的，因此可以合成需要的声场剖面。而复杂非均匀介质(如人体等)中密度、声速等参数的非均匀分布，引起复杂的声反射、散射、折射和吸收等过程，难以对声的传播和能量分布精确建模，因此利用当前声操控技术在非均匀介质中很难产生满足操控需要的聚焦场、驻波场、涡旋场等声场，故难以实现对非均介质内微粒的操控。这极大限制了声操控器件在诸如体内定点给药、生殖医学等领域内的应用。
已知有利用一对超声探头产生驻波【参见Wu,J,Acoutiscal tweezers.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1991.89(5),2140-2143.】或单阵元高频探头产生聚焦声场【参见Lee J,Teh S,Y Lee,A Kim,H.H Lee,Shung K.K.Single beam acoustic trapping.Appl Phys Lett.2009.95(7),73701(1)-73707(3).】在水中操控微粒。此外，还有利用制作出的二维面阵列探头通过在空气或水中精确调控相位达到在任意预设路径操控微粒的目的【参见Courtney,Charles R.P.Demore,Christine E.M.,Wu Hongxiao,Grinenko Alon,Wilcox Paul D.,Cochran Sandy,Drinkwater Bruce W.Independent trapping and manipulation of microparticles using dexterous acoustic tweezers；Appl Phys Lett. 2014.104(15),154103(1)-154103(4)./Marzo Asier,Seah Sue Ann,Drinkwater Bruce W.,Sahoo Deepak Ranjan,Long Benjamin,Subramanian Sriram；Nature Communications.2015.6,1-6./Yoichi Ochiai,Takayuki Hoshi,Jun Rekimoto.Three-Dimensional Mid-Air Acoustic Manipulation byUltrasonic Phased Arrays.PLOS one,9(5),1-5.】。在这些现有技术中，所涉及的操控微粒系统，虽然比已往技术有了一些进步，但在操控微粒时所处的介质也是均匀介质。而在非均匀介质内，操控微粒仍很难实现。这是由于非均匀介质对声波存在复杂的散射和折射，难以使换能器直接发射声场直接定点形成聚焦场、涡旋场等声场，难以产生操控微粒的声学势阱。这样极大地限制了声操控应用领域的范围。
有鉴于此，需要开发一种新的技术来克服这些缺陷。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足，本发明提出了一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统与方法，以实现在非均匀介质中的任意路径对微粒进行操控。
一方面，本发明提供了一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统，其可以包括：阵列探头、点源、信号接收与发射控制装置以及上位机，其中，所述阵列探头由单阵元或多阵元组成，所述阵列探头和所述信号接收与发射控制装置能通信地连接，所述信号接收与发射控制装置与所述上位机能通信地连接，所述上位机能对其接收到的信号(优选声波信号)进行时间反转处理。另一方面，本发明还可以利用数值计算方法(如时域有限差分方法FDTD)模拟虚拟点源的信号在全空间中(均匀或非均匀介质)的传播，然后将虚拟探测点(探测阵列探头位置)接收到的声波信号进行时间反转(并行适当的信号处理)，输入至探测阵列探头，进行发射。这一方法尤其针对在如：超声体内定点给药，声点源无法放置在介质空间内的情形。
优选，所述阵列探头用于接收与发射信号；所述信号接收与发射控制装置用于处理和传送来自所述阵列探头接收的信号和来自上位机发射的信号；并且所述上位机是用于处理来自所述信号接收与发射控制装置 传回的信号以及发送信号。
进一步优选，所述阵列探头用于接收与发射声波信号；所述信号接收与发射控制装置用于处理和传送来自所述阵列探头接收的声波信号和来自上位机发射的指令信号；并且所述上位机是用于处理来自所述信号接收与发射控制装置传回的控制信号以及发送指令信号。
优选，所述阵列探头是一维线阵列或者是二维面阵列，可由至少一排或者更多排组成，本节验证选择4列换能器。此外，每排换能器阵列的点阵个数越多越好，这里选用22*22阵列的点阵换能器，所述阵列探头形状是平面形或者圆弧形。
本发明还提供了一种使用时间反转技术操控微粒的方法，其可以包括以下步骤：使介质中的点源沿着预设的任意路径运动并发射声波信号；阵列探头接收来自由所述点源发射出并穿过所述非均匀介质的所述声波信号，且将所述声波信号依次传送到如上所述的信号接收与发射控制装置和上位机；所述上位机将接收到的所述声波信号进行时间反转处理；使所述阵列探头发射经处理后的所述声波信号；微粒将沿着预设的路径(点源运动的路径)运动。
进而言之，一种使用时间反转技术操控微粒的方法可以包括以下步骤：使上位机接收来自点源的声波信号；所述上位机将接收到的所述声波信号进行时间反转处理；将经时间反转处理后的所述声波信号发送至阵列探头；使所述阵列探头向介质中发射经时间反转处理后的所述声波信号；并且使位于在所述点源的位置(优选点源的初始位置)的微粒沿着所述点源运动的轨迹运动。所述点源可以为物理点源，并且所述方法可以相应地包括以下步骤：使介质中的所述物理点源沿着微粒将运动经过的路径运动并发射声波信号；所述阵列探头接收来自由运动中的所述物理点源发射出并穿过所述非均匀介质的所述声波信号，且将所述声波信号依次传送到如上所述的信号接收与发射控制装置和上位机；所述上位机将接收到的所述声波信号进行时间反转处理；将经时间反转处理后的所述声波信号发送至阵列探头；使所述阵列探头向介质中发射经时间反转处理后的所述声波信号；并且使位于在所述物理点源的位置(优选物理点源的初始位置)的微粒沿着所述物理 点源运动的轨迹运动。所述点源也可以为虚拟点源，并且所述方法可以相应地包括以下步骤：利用数值计算方法模拟所述虚拟点源在具有均匀或非均匀介质的全空间中运动并模拟所述虚拟点源发出声波信号；模拟所述阵列探头接收该声波信号，并将该声波信号输入所述上位机中；所述上位机将接收到的所述声波信号进行时间反转处理；使所述阵列探头发射经处理后的所述声波信号；并且使位于在所述虚拟点源的位置(优选虚拟点源的初始位置)的微粒沿着所述虚拟点源运动的轨迹运动。
优选，在所述方法中，所述时间反转处理为将先接收到的所述声波信号后发射，而将后接收到的所述声波信号先发射。
优选，在所述方法中，在所述阵列探头发射的所述声波信号在所述点源位置处聚焦并形成声学势阱时，对所述微粒进行捕获、操控。
优选，在所述方法中，所述点源为连续移动点源，而所述介质为均匀介质或者非均匀介质。所述方法还可以包括操控所述微粒在介质中的运动路径或者操控所述介质中的任意路径上的微粒
优选，在所述方法中，所述阵列探头共振频率介于1KHz-500MHz之间，优选介于20KHz-50MHz之间。
优选，在所述方法中，所述微粒为泡沫球，所述阵列探头共振频率为40KHz。
声学时间反转技术是一种具有独特优点的自适应聚焦方法，不论介质和阵列探头的状况如何，在不需要先验知识(如媒质的密度、声速、衰减系数等参数的空间分布，探头传递函数)的情况下，可实现自适应聚焦。聚焦处形成操控微粒的声学势阱，微粒在声学势阱附近会被捕获。因此采用声学时间反转技术可在非均匀介质中聚焦并操控微粒。所以，采用声学时间反转技术的本发明克服了目前声操控装置不能在非均匀介质内任意路径操控微粒的限制。采用该专利中提到的声学时间反转技术，并结合电子系统，实现在任意介质(包括均匀介质或非均匀介质)内，在任意路径上操控微粒。从而实现声操控器件在诸如体内定点给药、生殖医学等领域内的应用，具有重要的实用价值。
附图说明
图1是基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统内的组件的连接示意图。
图2是基于时间反转技术操控微粒的方法的流程图。
图3是基于时间反转技术的操控微粒系统接收信号的示意图。
图4是基于时间反转技术的操控微粒系统发射信号的示意图。
图5为聚焦点的声压力场图。
图6为基于时间反转技术的实验装置图。
图7为基于时间反转技术操控微粒的实验结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例进行说明。在下文所描述的本发明的具体实施例中，为了能更好地理解本发明而描述了一些很具体的技术特征，但显而易见的是，对于本领域的技术人员来说，并不是所有的这些技术特征都是实现本发明的必要技术特征。下文所描述的本发明的一些具体实施例只是本发明的一些示例性的具体实施例，其不应被视为对本发明的限制。另外，为了避免使本发明变得难以理解，对于一些公知的技术没有进行描述。
图1是基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统内的组件的连接示意图。标号101a-d表示围成方形的4排阵列探头，每排阵列探头个数为22*22个。标号102表示信号接收与发射控制装置，标号103表示上位机。4排阵列探头各自和信号接收与发射控制装置能通信地连接，信号接收与发射控制装置进而与上位机能通信地连接。阵列探头接收与发射声波信号；信号接收与发射控制装置处理和传送来自阵列探头接收和上位机发射的电子信号；上位机下发信号指令与处理来自所述信号接收与发射控制装置传回的控制信号。在另一个实施例中，阵列探头为布置成六边形的6排。在又一个实施例中，阵列探头为布置成八边形的8排。在又一实施例中，阵列探头是弧 形的，并且围成圆形。
图2是基于时间反转技术操控微粒的方法的流程图。在一种实施例中，该方法在非均匀介质中进行，并且包括步骤201-205。在步骤201中，在非均匀介质中放置物理点源，使所述物理点源主动发射声波信号。在步骤202中，阵列探头接收到来自由所述物理点源发射出并穿过所述非均匀介质的所述声波信号，且使所述声波信号上传到控制系统和上位机界面。在步骤203中，使所述上位机将接收到的所述声波信号进行时间反转处理。在步骤204中，使探头阵列发射经过时间反转处理后的所述声波信号。并且，在步骤205中，监控所述物理点源位置处微粒的运动轨迹。其中所述非均匀介质为密度不同的介质(可以理解为操控空间内有障碍物、人体组织或胶状液体等)，所述物理点源为小于波长的针式探头，其发射的声场近似为点源声场。在另一实施例中，所述介质为均匀介质，即空气。
在这两种实施例中，都可以对微粒进行捕获、操控。这是由于面阵列探头发射的声学信号会在声源位置处聚焦，能形成声学势阱。在非均匀介质中，任意地连续移动点源，探头阵列连续不断地接收信号，并把接收到的信号全部上传到上位机上。上位机存储信号后并对信号进行处理，把先接收到的信号后发射，后接收到的信号先发射。这样声波同样会在非均匀介质中移动聚焦，形成移动的声学势阱。因此，可以对微粒进行任意路径的操控。
在另一实施例(未图示)中，基于时间反转技术操控微粒的方法中所使用的点源为虚拟点源，并且该方法包括以下步骤：(1)利用时域有限差分方法FDTD分别模拟所述虚拟点源在具有均匀和非均匀介质的全空间中运动并模拟所述虚拟点源发出声波信号；(2)模拟所述阵列探头接收该声波信号，并将该声波信号输入所述上位机中；(3)所述上位机将接收到的所述声波信号进行时间反转处理；(4)使所述阵列探头发射经处理后的所述声波信号；并且(5)使位于在虚拟点源初始位置的微粒沿着所述虚拟点源运动的轨迹运动。该实施例中所述的方法对于超声体内定点给药且声点源无法放置在介质空间内的情形特别有效，具有很强的实用性。
图3是基于时间反转技术的操控微粒系统接收信号的示意 图。其中，标号301表示点源。标号302是从超声阵列探头中截取的一部分的示意图。标号303是非均匀介质(在另一实施例中为均匀介质)的一部分的示意图。如图所示，声波信号从点源沿箭头所示方向向四周发出，穿过非均匀介质，并到达超声阵列探头。然后超声阵列探头将接收到的声波信号发送至接收和发射控制装置(未示出，参见图1中的102)。接着，接收和发射控制装置将声波信号发送至上位机(未示出，参见图1中的103)。
图4是基于时间反转技术的操控微粒系统发射信号的示意图。其中，标号401表示点源。标号402是从超声阵列探头中截取的一部分的示意图。标号403是非均匀介质的一部分的示意图。如参照图3所描述的，从点源发出的声波信号经由非均匀介质、超声阵列探头、以及接收和发射控制装置到达上位机。上位机将接收到的声波信号进行时间反转处理，即，将先接收到的信号后发射，后接收到的信号先发射。从上位机发射的信号沿与其接收信号的方向相反的方向传送至声波颗粒，即经由接收和发射控制装置、超声阵列探头、非均匀介质并到达点源。在这期间，由于微粒发出的声波同样会在非均匀介质(或均匀介质)中移动聚焦，因而可以结合电子系统(未示出)，实现在任意介质(包括均匀介质或非均匀介质)内，在任意路径上操控微粒。
图5为聚焦点的声压力场图。其为采用时间反转技术，经过数值计算模拟得到聚焦声场。图中的仿真结果，只使用了单排线阵列探头，声场从底部向上入射，声场四周为吸收射边界条件，图中颜色的深浅代表声场强度的大小，颜色越深，表示声场越强。
图6为基于时间反转技术的实验装置图。图7为基于时间反转技术操控微粒的实验结果图。
结合图5、6、7所示的结果，从理论与实验角度验证了本发明方案可行。实验中，发明人采用4个两两相对的22*22二维面阵列探头操控微粒，探头的中心频率是40KHz。图6(a)中有二维面阵列探头，图6(b)中表示信号接收与发射控制系统。首先在操控空间里(含非均匀介质)放置一个点声源发射声波，4个二维面阵列探头接收到声波信号以后，对声波信号进行信号处理，然后对每个探头接收到的信号进行时间反转并发射处理过的 信号，也就是先接收的信号后发射，后接收的信号先发射。最终会在声源点处聚焦，形成声学势阱，捕获微粒。若调节相位，可以在任意路径上聚焦，形成声学势阱，实现对微粒在任意路径上的操控。实验结果如图7所示。图7(a)表示被捕获的泡沫圆球悬浮在空气中，并在相对于整个空间上方的位置；图7(b)表示被捕获的泡沫圆球悬浮在空气中，并在相对于整个空间下方的位置。因此，实验表明，本发明可以做到对泡沫圆球在全空间内任意路径上操控微粒。
应注意，本发明所述的基于时间反转技术操控微粒系统是指可以对声波信号接收与发射调控的任意系统。操控微粒时用到的探头共振频率不限于40KHz，可以根据具体条件与要求选择需要微粒操控的任意频率。所述操控微粒不限于泡沫球，可以是任意直径、任意材料、任意形状的微粒。阵列探头具体阵元数目不限，可以是一维线阵列或者是二维面阵列，其形状除平面外，也可以是圆弧形或者其他合适的形状。
尽管已经根据优选的实施方案对本发明进行了说明，但是存在落入本发明范围之内的改动、置换以及各种替代等同方案。还应当注意的是，存在多种实现本发明的方法和系统的可选方式。因此，意在将随附的权利要求书解释为包含落在本发明的主旨和范围之内的所有这些改动、置换以及各种替代等同方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于时间反转技术操控微粒的系统，其特征在于包括：
    阵列探头，点源，
    信号接收与发射控制装置，以及
    上位机，其能对所接收到的信号进行时间反转处理,
    其中，所述阵列探头和所述信号接收与发射控制装置能通信地连接，所述信号接收与发射控制装置与所述上位机能通信地连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述阵列探头用于接收与发射信号；
    所述信号接收与发射控制装置用于处理和传送来自所述阵列探头接收的信号和来自上位机发射的信号；并且
    所述上位机是用于处理来自所述信号接收与发射控制装置传回的信号以及发送信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述阵列探头用于接收与发射声波信号；
    所述信号接收与发射控制装置用于处理和传送来自所述阵列探头接收的声波信号和来自上位机发射的指令信号；并且
    所述上位机是用于处理来自所述信号接收与发射控制装置传回的控制信号以及发送指令信号。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述阵列探头是一维线阵列或者是二维面阵列，由至少一排阵元或者更多个阵元组成，所述阵列探头组成形状为平面或者圆弧形。
  5. 一种使用时间反转技术操控微粒的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    上位机接收来自在介质中运动的点源的声波信号；
    所述上位机将接收到的所述声波信号进行时间反转处理；
    将经时间反转处理后的所述声波信号发送至阵列探头；
    使所述阵列探头向所述介质中发射经时间反转处理后的所述声波信号；并且
    使位于所述点源的位置的微粒沿着所述点源运动的轨迹运动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述点源为物理点源，并且还包括以下步骤：
    使介质中的所述物理点源沿着微粒将运动经过的路径运动并发射声波信号；
    所述阵列探头接收来自由运动中的所述物理点源发射出并穿过所述非均匀介质的所述声波信号，且将所述声波信号依次传送到根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的信号接收与发射控制装置和上位机。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述点源为虚拟点源，并且还包括以下步骤：
    利用数值计算方法模拟所述虚拟点源在具有均匀或非均匀介质的全空间中运动并模拟其发出声波信号；
    模拟所述阵列探头接收该声波信号，并将该声波信号输入所述上位机中。
  8. 根据权利要求5、6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述时间反转处理为将先接收到的所述声波信号后发射，而将后接收到的所述声波信号先发射。
  9. 根据权利要求5、6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：在所述阵列探头发射的所述声波信号在所述点源位置处聚焦并形成声学势阱时，捕获所述微粒。
  10. 根据权利要求5，6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述阵列探头的共振频率介于1KHz-500MHz之间，其中所述点源的位置为所述点源的初始位置。
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