WO2018198486A1 - 固体撮像素子および電子機器 - Google Patents
固体撮像素子および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018198486A1 WO2018198486A1 PCT/JP2018/004875 JP2018004875W WO2018198486A1 WO 2018198486 A1 WO2018198486 A1 WO 2018198486A1 JP 2018004875 W JP2018004875 W JP 2018004875W WO 2018198486 A1 WO2018198486 A1 WO 2018198486A1
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- semiconductor substrate
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- depth direction
- state imaging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/803—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H10F39/8037—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor
- H10F39/80373—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor characterised by the gate of the transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/18—Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/802—Geometry or disposition of elements in pixels, e.g. address-lines or gate electrodes
Definitions
- This technology relates to a solid-state imaging device and an electronic device.
- the present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device in which a transfer gate has a vertical gate electrode and an electronic apparatus including the solid-state imaging device.
- CMOS image sensor in order to increase the amount of charge that can be stored in a photodiode that performs photoelectric conversion in a pixel portion, a potential that can store charge in a deep region has been formed. is there.
- a vertical gate electrode inserted in silicon instead of a normal transfer gate, modulation is performed up to a deep region and reading is performed with an electric field applied.
- a structure employing a plurality of vertical gate electrodes has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- JP 2010-114273 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-136584 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-053411
- the present technology has been developed in view of such a situation, and aims to improve charge transfer efficiency in a transfer gate having a vertical gate electrode.
- a first side surface of the present technology is a photoelectric conversion unit that is formed in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate and generates charges according to the amount of received light.
- a charge storage unit for storing the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit; and a transfer gate for transferring the charge of the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge storage unit, wherein the transfer gate is predetermined from the interface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a solid-state imaging device including a plurality of vertical gate electrodes embedded in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate and having at least a portion of a different diameter in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate, and an electronic device including the solid-state imaging device. As a result, an electric field is applied to the vicinity of the vertical gate electrode, and the charge of the photodiode is efficiently transferred to the floating diffusion.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have a shape whose diameter is narrowed in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have a shape with a taper ratio of 0.02 or more and a small diameter in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have a shape in which the diameter is equal to a certain depth of the semiconductor substrate and the diameter is reduced in the depth direction from the certain depth.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have a shape in which a diameter is reduced in a depth direction to a certain depth of the semiconductor substrate, and a diameter is equal from the certain depth.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have a shape in which a central portion in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate swells and a shallow portion and a deep portion are narrow.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have a shape in which the diameter is reduced stepwise in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have shapes having different lengths in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have a polygonal cross section.
- the gate electrode of the transfer gate may be electrically separated for each of the plurality of vertical gate electrodes.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes are partially connected and have a U-shaped cross section, and the cross-sectional area decreases in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate. There may be.
- the plurality of vertical gate electrodes may have a donut cylindrical shape and a cross-sectional area that decreases in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- the present technology it is possible to obtain an excellent effect that the charge transfer efficiency can be improved in the transfer gate having the vertical gate electrode.
- the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present disclosure.
- Embodiment 2 modes for carrying out the present technology (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described. The description will be made in the following order. 1. Embodiment 2. FIG. Modified example
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an electronic apparatus that is an example of a semiconductor device having an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present technology.
- the electronic device includes an image sensor 10 and a peripheral circuit unit.
- the peripheral circuit unit includes a vertical drive circuit 20, a horizontal drive circuit 30, a control circuit 40, a column signal processing circuit 50, and an output circuit 60.
- the image sensor 10 is a pixel array in which a plurality of pixels 11 including a photoelectric conversion unit are arranged in a two-dimensional array.
- the pixel 11 includes, for example, a photodiode serving as a photoelectric conversion unit and a plurality of pixel transistors.
- the plurality of pixel transistors can be configured by three transistors, for example, a transfer transistor, a reset transistor, and an amplification transistor.
- the vertical drive circuit 20 drives the pixels 11 in units of rows.
- the vertical drive circuit 20 is configured by a shift register, for example.
- the vertical drive circuit 20 selects a pixel drive wiring and supplies a pulse for driving the pixel 11 to the selected pixel drive wiring. Thereby, the vertical drive circuit 20 sequentially selects and scans each pixel 11 of the image sensor 10 in the vertical direction in units of rows, and a pixel signal based on the signal charge generated according to the amount of received light in the photoelectric conversion unit of each pixel 11. Is supplied to the column signal processing circuit 50.
- the horizontal drive circuit 30 drives the column signal processing circuit 50 in units of columns.
- the horizontal drive circuit 30 is configured by a shift register, for example.
- the horizontal drive circuit 30 sequentially outputs horizontal scanning pulses to select each of the column signal processing circuits 50 in order, and outputs a pixel signal from each of the column signal processing circuits 50 to the horizontal signal line 59.
- the control circuit 40 controls the entire solid-state imaging device.
- the control circuit 40 receives an input clock and data for instructing an operation mode, and outputs data such as internal information of the solid-state imaging device.
- the control circuit 40 generates a clock signal and a control signal that serve as a reference for operations of the vertical drive circuit 20, the column signal processing circuit 50, the horizontal drive circuit 30, and the like based on the vertical synchronization signal, the horizontal synchronization signal, and the master clock. Generate. These signals are input to the vertical drive circuit 20, the column signal processing circuit 50, the horizontal drive circuit 30, and the like.
- the column signal processing circuit 50 is arranged for each column of the pixels 11 and performs signal processing such as noise removal for each pixel column on the signal output from the pixels 11 for one row. That is, the column signal processing circuit 50 performs signal processing such as CDS, signal amplification, and AD conversion for removing fixed pattern noise unique to the pixel 11.
- a horizontal selection switch (not shown) is connected between the output stage of the column signal processing circuit 50 and the horizontal signal line 59.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross section of the image sensor 10 according to the embodiment of the present technology. In the figure, the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate 12 is shown downward (Z coordinate). The semiconductor substrate 12 is assumed to be composed of a p-type silicon substrate.
- the photodiode (PD) 200 includes an n-type impurity region (n region) 204 and an n-type high-concentration impurity region (n + ) formed in order from the back surface side to the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate 12 inside the semiconductor substrate 12. Region) 203 and a p-type high concentration impurity region (p + region) 202.
- the photodiode 200 is mainly composed of a pn junction that is a junction surface between the p + region 202 and the n + region 203.
- a p-type low impurity concentration region (p ⁇ region) 205 having an impurity concentration lower than that of the p + region 202 is formed between the n + region 203 constituting the photodiode 200 and the gate insulating film 102.
- the photodiode 200 is a photoelectric conversion unit that is formed in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate 12 and generates a charge corresponding to the amount of received light.
- the floating diffusion (FD) 300 is formed in a region on the surface side of the semiconductor substrate 12 over the outside of the photodiode 200 by an n-type high concentration impurity region (n + region).
- the floating diffusion 300 is a charge storage unit that stores charges generated by the photodiode 200.
- the transfer gate (TG) 100 is disposed between the photodiode 200 and the floating diffusion 300, and is a gate of the transfer transistor 101 that transfers the charge of the photodiode 200 to the floating diffusion 300.
- the transfer gate 100 is formed in the semiconductor substrate 12 via the gate insulating film 102.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross section viewed from another angle of the image sensor 10 according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- a in the figure is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor substrate 12 as viewed from the back side.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the floating diffusion 300 viewed from the vertical gate 100.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an appearance of the transfer gate 100 according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the transfer gate 100 includes a transfer gate electrode 110 that is a planar electrode, and two vertical gate electrodes 120 formed in the depth direction.
- the charge 90 of the photodiode 200 is transferred to the floating diffusion 300 through the space between the two vertical gate electrodes 120.
- the vertical gate electrode 120 in the embodiment is changed so that the diameter thereof becomes narrower in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate 12. Due to the shape of this diameter, the potential between the two vertical gate electrodes 120 is less modulated in the deeper region and larger in the shallower region. This potential distribution generates an electric field in the depth direction of the vertical gate electrode 120 to enable good charge transfer. That is, charges can be efficiently transferred within a range in which the modulation force between the two vertical gate electrodes 120 overlaps and has an influence.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional view of the transfer gate 100 according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the degree of modulation can be controlled by the distance and shape between the two vertical gate electrodes 120. That is, in the potential design in the vicinity of the vertical gate electrode 120, the distance and the shape between the vertical gate electrodes 120 can be used as parameters for adjusting the method of assigning the electric field distribution.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for comparing the shapes of the transfer gate 100 and the conventional transfer gate in the embodiment of the present technology. In each figure, a downward arrow indicates a depth direction in the semiconductor substrate.
- a vertical gate electrode has been used to suck charges from a deep region of a photodiode to a shallow region.
- the conventional vertical gate electrode has a vertical shape as shown in FIG.
- the modulation range is wider than in the single structure, so that charges can be sucked out from a deeper and wider range of photodiodes. There is no change in terms of difficulty.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for comparing the potential distribution of the transfer gate 100 according to the embodiment of the present technology and the conventional transfer gate.
- the right direction indicates the depth direction in the semiconductor substrate, and the downward direction indicates the potential.
- the potential of a conventional vertical vertical gate electrode is indicated by a dotted line, and the potential of a tapered vertical gate electrode 120 in this embodiment is indicated by a solid line.
- the one-dimensional potential in the depth direction at the midpoint between the two vertical gate electrodes is plotted.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of dimensions of the transfer gate 100 according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the length of each vertical gate electrode 120 is VGL, and the shape thereof is tapered along the depth direction.
- the thickness of the vertical gate electrode 120 is VGR1 at the thickest portion and VGR2 at the thinnest portion.
- the depth direction taper ratio is 0.02 or more.
- tape ratio means that the diameter of the vertical gate electrode is reduced by 2 nm when proceeding in the depth direction of 100 nm.
- the electric field enhancement increases as the applied voltage to the transfer gate 100 decreases.
- an electric field can be applied to the vicinity of the vertical gate electrode, and the charge of the photodiode can be efficiently transferred to the floating diffusion.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a first modification of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the vertical gate electrode 121 has a shape having the same diameter up to a certain depth of the semiconductor substrate, and the diameter becomes smaller in the depth direction from the certain depth. That is, the upper part has a normal columnar shape, and the lower part has a tapered shape.
- the taper portion generates a vertical electric field due to the structure, and the column portion generates an electric field due to multistage implantation. This makes it possible to take out charges from the deep part.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a second modification of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the vertical gate electrode 122 has a shape in which the diameter is reduced in the depth direction to a certain depth of the semiconductor substrate, and the diameter is the same from the certain depth. That is, the shallow portion has a taper and the deep portion has a vertical shape.
- the tip of the vertical gate electrode is tapered, the modulation range may be reduced, and charge may not be read from the photodiode.
- this modification by making the tip of the vertical gate electrode vertical, an electric field in the depth direction can be generated in the shallow portion while maintaining the modulation force.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a third modification of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the vertical gate electrode 123 has a shape in which the central portion is swollen. That is, the center swells and the shallow and deep portions are narrowed.
- the modulation is strong in the swollen region at the center of the vertical gate electrode. Therefore, the charge transfer path does not reach the vicinity of the surface of the vertical gate electrode and stops at the center, so that the transfer can be performed without being affected by defects near the interface.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a fourth modification example of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the vertical gate electrode 124 has a shape whose diameter is reduced stepwise. That is, it is a structure of a vertical gate electrode whose diameter is changed stepwise. This structure can be realized by digging holes with different diameters in several times.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of the fifth modification example of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the two vertical gate electrodes 125 and 126 have different lengths in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- the structure is such that a vertical electric field can be applied after adjusting the charge transfer path by changing one length.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a sixth modification of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the cross section of the diameter is circular, but in the sixth modification, the vertical gate electrode 127 has a square cross section of the diameter. That is, it has a columnar shape with different diameters in the depth direction.
- the cross section of the diameter is a square shape is shown, but the cross section of the diameter may be a polygonal shape.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a seventh modification example of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- a transfer gate electrode 111 is provided separately for each vertical gate electrode 120. That is, the transfer gate electrode 111 has an independent structure for each of the plurality of vertical gate electrodes 120.
- the transfer gate electrode 111 is electrically separated for each of the plurality of vertical gate electrodes 120, different voltages can be applied to each vertical gate electrode 120. As a result, the transfer path can be changed or adjusted according to the timing of voltage application.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of an eighth modification example of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the example in which the two vertical gate electrodes 120 are provided has been described.
- three vertical gate electrodes 120 are provided. That is, the number of vertical gate electrodes 120 is not limited, and three or more vertical gate electrodes 120 may be provided as necessary.
- the potential at the center is further deepened, and an electric field can be further generated in the depth direction.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a ninth modification example of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the ninth modified example a part of the vertical gate electrode 128 is connected and the cross section is the same.
- This is a letter-shaped shape and has a cross-sectional area that decreases in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate. That is, it is an electrode structure in which the U-shaped thickness increases from the lower part to the upper part, and the silicon part in between decreases. Even in this case, an electric field is generated in the depth direction based on the same principle as in the above-described embodiment, so that charge transfer is possible.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a tenth modification of the vertical gate electrode according to the embodiment of the present technology.
- the vertical gate electrode 129 has a donut cylindrical shape and a cross-sectional area that decreases in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- the modulation is weak because the distance between the electrodes is long, and in the upper part, the modulation is strong because the distance between the electrodes is short. Thereby, an electric field can be generated in the vertical direction.
- etching is performed so as to change the diameter from the lower part to the upper part.
- the vertical gate electrode structure tapered in the depth direction by using the vertical gate electrode structure tapered in the depth direction, a transfer electric field can be generated in the depth direction. Can be read out. As a result, even in a structure in which the vertical gate electrode is lengthened, it is easy to read out charges, and a saturated charge amount can be added in the deep part of the photodiode. Further, by adjusting the parameters related to the taper shape, the modulation amount and electric field in the vicinity of the vertical gate electrode can be controlled. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the potential at the time of transfer according to the shape of the vertical gate electrode without modifying the potential design by implantation.
- this technique can also take the following structures.
- a photoelectric conversion unit that is formed in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate and generates a charge corresponding to the amount of received light;
- a charge accumulating unit for accumulating charges generated by the photoelectric conversion unit;
- a transfer gate for transferring the charge of the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge storage unit,
- the transfer gate is a solid-state imaging device including a plurality of vertical gate electrodes that are embedded to a predetermined depth from the interface of the semiconductor substrate and have at least some of the diameters different in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- a photoelectric conversion unit that is formed in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate and generates charges according to the amount of received light; a charge storage unit that stores charges generated by the photoelectric conversion unit; and an interface of the semiconductor substrate
- a transfer gate embedded to a predetermined depth and having a plurality of vertical gate electrodes having different diameters in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate and transferring charges of the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge storage unit;
- a solid-state imaging device comprising: An electronic apparatus comprising: a signal processing circuit that processes an output signal of the solid-state imaging device.
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Abstract
Description
1.実施の形態
2.変形例
[電子機器の構成]
図1は、本技術の実施の形態における撮像素子を有する半導体装置の一例である電子機器の構成例を示す図である。この電子機器は、撮像素子10および周辺回路部からなる。周辺回路部は、垂直駆動回路20と、水平駆動回路30と、制御回路40と、カラム信号処理回路50と、出力回路60とを備える。
[撮像素子の構造]
図2は、本技術の実施の形態における撮像素子10の断面の一例を示す図である。同図では、半導体基板12の深さ方向を下方(Z座標)に示している。半導体基板12はp型のシリコン基板により構成されることを想定している。
[第1の変形例(一定の深さから径が細くなる形状)]
図9は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第1の変形例の構造例を示す図である。この第1の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極121は、半導体基板の一定の深さまで径が等しく、その一定の深さからは深さ方向に径が細くなる形状となっている。すなわち、上部は通常の柱状で、下部にテーパ形状をつけた構造である。テーパ部分は構造による縦方向電界を生じさせ、柱部は多段インプラによる電界を生じさせる。これにより、深部から電荷を取り出すことが可能となる。
図10は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第2の変形例の構造例を示す図である。この第2の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極122は、半導体基板の一定の深さまで深さ方向に径が細くなり、その一定の深さからは径が等しい形状である。すなわち、浅部はテーパが付いており、深部は垂直形状となっている構造である。縦型ゲート電極の先を細くした際には、変調範囲が小さくなりフォトダイオードから電荷を読み出せなくなる場合も生じ得る。これに対し、この変形例では、縦型ゲート電極の先を垂直形状にすることにより、変調力は維持したままで、浅部では深さ方向の電界を生じさせることができる。
図11は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第3の変形例の構造例を示す図である。この第3の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極123は、その中央部が膨らんだ形状となっている。すなわち、中央が膨らみ、浅部と深部は細くなっている構造である。この構造において、変調が強くなるのは、縦型ゲート電極の中央の膨らんでいる領域である。したがって、電荷の転送経路は縦型ゲート電極の表面付近まで到達せず、中央で止まることによって、界面付近の欠陥の影響を受けずに転送することが可能となる。
図12は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第4の変形例の構造例を示す図である。この第4の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極124は、階段状に径が細くなる形状となっている。すなわち、段階的に径を変えた縦型ゲート電極の構造である。何回かに分けて径の異なる孔を掘っていくことにより、この構造を実現することができる。
図13は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第5の変形例の構造例を示す図である。この第5の変形例では、2つの縦型ゲート電極125および126は、半導体基板の深さ方向の長さが互いに異なっている。一方の長さを変えることにより電荷の転送経路を調整した上で、縦方向の電界を付与することもできる構造である。
図14は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第6の変形例の構造例を示す図である。上述の実施の形態では径の断面が円形状であったが、この第6の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極127は径の断面が四角形状である。すなわち、深さ方向に径が異なる柱状の形状となっている。ここでは、径の断面が四角形状の例を示したが、径の断面は多角形状であってもよい。
図15は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第7の変形例の構造例を示す図である。この第7の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極120毎に転送ゲート電極111が別々に設けられている。すなわち、転送ゲート電極111が複数の縦型ゲート電極120毎に独立した構造となっている。この構造では、転送ゲート電極111が複数の縦型ゲート電極120毎に電気的に分離しているため、それぞれの縦型ゲート電極120に別々の電圧を印加することができる。これにより、電圧印可のタイミングによって転送経路を変更または調整することが可能となる。例えば、右の転送ゲートをオンにするとともに左の転送ゲートをオフにする第1の状態と、左の転送ゲートをオンにするとともに右の転送ゲートをオフにする第2の状態とを繰り返すことにより、逆移送により電荷を転送することができる。もっとも、この構造においても、両者に同じ電圧を印加するようにしてもよい。
図16は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第8の変形例の構造例を示す図である。上述の実施の形態では2つの縦型ゲート電極120を備える例について説明したが、この第8の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極120を3つ備えている。すなわち、縦型ゲート電極120の数に制約はなく、必要に応じて3つ以上の縦型ゲート電極120を設けるようにしてよい。これにより、中央のポテンシャルを更に深くして、深さ方向にさらに電界を生じさせることが可能となる。
図17は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第9の変形例の構造例を示す図である。上述の実施の形態では複数の縦型ゲート電極120が別々に配置された例について説明したが、この第9の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極128の一部が接続されて、断面がコの字型の形状であり、半導体基板の深さ方向に断面積が小さくなる形状である。すなわち、下部から上部に掛けて、コの字の太さが太くなり、間のシリコンの部分が狭まっていく電極構造である。この場合においても、上述の実施の形態と同様の原理で深さ方向に電界が生じるため、電荷の転送が可能になる。
図18は、本技術の実施の形態における縦型ゲート電極の第10の変形例の構造例を示す図である。この第10の変形例では、縦型ゲート電極129は、ドーナツ円柱形状を形成し、半導体基板の深さ方向に断面積が小さくなる形状である。下部では電極間距離が長いために変調が弱くなり、上部では電極間距離が短いために変調が強くなる。これにより、縦方向に電界を生じさせることができる。この構造を形成するためには、下部から上部に掛けて径を変えるようにエッチングを行うことになる。
(1)半導体基板の深さ方向に形成されて受光量に応じた電荷を生成する光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部により生成された電荷を蓄積する電荷蓄積部と、
前記光電変換部の電荷を前記電荷蓄積部に転送する転送ゲートと
を具備し、
前記転送ゲートは、前記半導体基板の界面から所定の深さまで埋め込まれて前記半導体基板の深さ方向に少なくとも一部の径が異なる複数の縦型ゲート電極を備える
固体撮像素子。
(2)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向に径が細くなる形状である
前記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(3)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向にテーパ率0.02以上で径が細くなる形状である
前記(1)または(2)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(4)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の一定の深さまで径が等しく、前記一定の深さから深さ方向に径が細くなる形状である
前記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(5)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の一定の深さまで深さ方向に径が細くなり、前記一定の深さから径が等しい形状である
前記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(6)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向の中央部が膨らみ、浅部および深部が細い形状である
前記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(7)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向に階段状に径が細くなる形状である
前記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(8)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向の長さが互いに異なる
前記(1)から(7)のいずれかに記載の固体撮像素子。
(9)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、径の断面が多角形状である
前記(1)から(8)のいずれかに記載の固体撮像素子。
(10)前記転送ゲートのゲート電極は、前記複数の縦型ゲート電極毎に電気的に分離している
前記(1)から(9)のいずれかに記載の固体撮像素子。
(11)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、一部が接続されて断面がコの字型の形状であり、前記半導体基板の深さ方向に断面積が小さくなる形状である
前記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(12)前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、ドーナツ円柱形状を形成し、前記半導体基板の深さ方向に断面積が小さくなる形状である
前記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(13)半導体基板の深さ方向に形成されて受光量に応じた電荷を生成する光電変換部と、前記光電変換部により生成された電荷を蓄積する電荷蓄積部と、前記半導体基板の界面から所定の深さまで埋め込まれて前記半導体基板の深さ方向に少なくとも一部の径が異なる複数の縦型ゲート電極を有して前記光電変換部の電荷を前記電荷蓄積部に転送する転送ゲートとを備える固体撮像素子と、
前記固体撮像素子の出力信号を処理する信号処理回路と
を具備する電子機器。
11 画素
12 半導体基板
20 垂直駆動回路
30 水平駆動回路
40 制御回路
50 カラム信号処理回路
60 出力回路
100 転送ゲート(TG:Transfer Gate、Transmission Gate)
101 転送トランジスタ
102 ゲート絶縁膜
110、111 転送ゲート電極
120~129 縦型ゲート電極
200 フォトダイオード(PD:Photodiode)
300 フローティングディフュージョン(FD:Floating Diffusion)
Claims (13)
- 半導体基板の深さ方向に形成されて受光量に応じた電荷を生成する光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部により生成された電荷を蓄積する電荷蓄積部と、
前記光電変換部の電荷を前記電荷蓄積部に転送する転送ゲートと
を具備し、
前記転送ゲートは、前記半導体基板の界面から所定の深さまで埋め込まれて前記半導体基板の深さ方向に少なくとも一部の径が異なる複数の縦型ゲート電極を備える
固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向に径が細くなる形状である
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向にテーパ率0.02以上で径が細くなる形状である
請求項2記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の一定の深さまで径が等しく、前記一定の深さから深さ方向に径が細くなる形状である
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の一定の深さまで深さ方向に径が細くなり、前記一定の深さから径が等しい形状である
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向の中央部が膨らみ、浅部および深部が細い形状である
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向に階段状に径が細くなる形状である
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の深さ方向の長さが互いに異なる
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、径の断面が多角形状である
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記転送ゲートのゲート電極は、前記複数の縦型ゲート電極毎に電気的に分離している
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、一部が接続されて断面がコの字型の形状であり、前記半導体基板の深さ方向に断面積が小さくなる形状である
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記複数の縦型ゲート電極は、ドーナツ円柱形状を形成し、前記半導体基板の深さ方向に断面積が小さくなる形状である
請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。 - 半導体基板の深さ方向に形成されて受光量に応じた電荷を生成する光電変換部と、前記光電変換部により生成された電荷を蓄積する電荷蓄積部と、前記半導体基板の界面から所定の深さまで埋め込まれて前記半導体基板の深さ方向に少なくとも一部の径が異なる複数の縦型ゲート電極を有して前記光電変換部の電荷を前記電荷蓄積部に転送する転送ゲートとを備える固体撮像素子と、
前記固体撮像素子の出力信号を処理する信号処理回路と
を具備する電子機器。
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| JP7615028B2 (ja) | 2019-07-19 | 2025-01-16 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置 |
| CN114127939A (zh) * | 2019-07-24 | 2022-03-01 | 索尼半导体解决方案公司 | 固态摄像装置和电子设备 |
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| JP7403993B2 (ja) | 2019-08-20 | 2023-12-25 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置およびその製造方法、並びに電子機器 |
| JP2021034435A (ja) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-03-01 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置およびその製造方法、並びに電子機器 |
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| WO2022259855A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-12-15 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 半導体装置およびその製造方法、並びに電子機器 |
| WO2024232316A1 (ja) * | 2023-05-10 | 2024-11-14 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| WO2026088629A1 (ja) * | 2024-10-23 | 2026-04-30 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 光検出装置およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4418324A3 (en) | 2025-03-12 |
| CN118919542A (zh) | 2024-11-08 |
| EP4418324A2 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
| US12376398B2 (en) | 2025-07-29 |
| KR102749084B1 (ko) | 2025-01-03 |
| CN110546764B (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
| US20200135781A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
| KR102625901B1 (ko) | 2024-01-18 |
| EP3618116A4 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
| CN118919543A (zh) | 2024-11-08 |
| EP3951879A1 (en) | 2022-02-09 |
| KR20230170989A (ko) | 2023-12-19 |
| KR20250007015A (ko) | 2025-01-13 |
| KR20230043243A (ko) | 2023-03-30 |
| KR102514138B1 (ko) | 2023-03-27 |
| CN110546764A (zh) | 2019-12-06 |
| JP2018190797A (ja) | 2018-11-29 |
| US20250338649A1 (en) | 2025-10-30 |
| KR20200002815A (ko) | 2020-01-08 |
| EP3951879B1 (en) | 2024-09-25 |
| US20230154952A1 (en) | 2023-05-18 |
| EP3618116A1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
| US11587963B2 (en) | 2023-02-21 |
| EP3618116B1 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
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