WO2018227850A1 - 分子筛scm-15、其合成方法及其用途 - Google Patents

分子筛scm-15、其合成方法及其用途 Download PDF

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WO2018227850A1
WO2018227850A1 PCT/CN2017/108462 CN2017108462W WO2018227850A1 WO 2018227850 A1 WO2018227850 A1 WO 2018227850A1 CN 2017108462 W CN2017108462 W CN 2017108462W WO 2018227850 A1 WO2018227850 A1 WO 2018227850A1
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Prior art keywords
molecular sieve
source
scm
sio
sieve scm
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PCT/CN2017/108462
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨为民
王振东
罗翼
孙洪敏
张斌
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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Priority to US16/622,795 priority Critical patent/US10974967B2/en
Priority to JP2019568291A priority patent/JP7094992B2/ja
Priority to KR1020197036926A priority patent/KR102356362B1/ko
Priority to SG11201912140XA priority patent/SG11201912140XA/en
Priority to BR112019026405-1A priority patent/BR112019026405B1/pt
Priority to EP17913530.6A priority patent/EP3640207B1/en
Priority to ES17913530T priority patent/ES2910829T3/es
Priority to DK17913530.6T priority patent/DK3640207T3/da
Publication of WO2018227850A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018227850A1/zh
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a molecular sieve SCM-15, a synthesis method thereof and use thereof.
  • porous inorganic materials are widely used as catalysts and catalyst supports. Porous materials have a relatively high specific surface area and a clear channel structure and are therefore good catalytic materials or catalyst supports.
  • the porous material may generally include: an amorphous porous material, a crystalline molecular sieve, a modified layered material, and the like. The subtle differences in the structure of these materials are indicative of significant differences in their catalytic and adsorption properties, as well as differences in the various observable properties used to characterize them, such as their morphology, specific surface area, and voids. Size and variability of these dimensions.
  • the basic skeleton structure of crystalline microporous zeolite is based on a rigid three-dimensional TO 4 (SiO 4 , AlO 4 , etc.) unit structure; in this structure, TO 4 shares oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral manner, and charge balance of a skeleton tetrahedron such as AlO 4 It is maintained by the presence of surface cations such as Na + , H + . It can be seen that the skeletal properties of the zeolite can be altered by cation exchange. At the same time, there are abundant pore-porosity systems in the structure of zeolite.
  • zeolite not only has good catalytic activity for various organic reactions, excellent shape-selection, but also good selectivity by modification (US Pat. No. 6,162,416, US Pat. No. 4,954,325, US Pat. No. 5,362,697).
  • the specific structure of the molecular sieve is determined by an X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD), and the X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) is measured by an X-ray powder diffractometer using a Cu-K ⁇ ray source, a nickel filter. Different zeolite molecular sieves have different XRD patterns.
  • TS-1 molecular sieve US4410501
  • ZSM-5 molecular sieve US3702886
  • the TS-1 molecular sieve skeleton elements are Si and Ti, which have catalytic oxidation function
  • ZSM-5 molecular sieve skeleton element It is known as Si and Al and has an acid catalyzing function.
  • X zeolite US2882244
  • Y zeolite US3130007
  • the skeleton elements are both Si and Al, but the relative contents of Si and Al are different.
  • the X zeolite Si/Al molar ratio is less than 1.5
  • the Y zeolite Si/Al molar ratio is higher than 1.5.
  • the inventors have studied hard on the basis of the prior art and found a novel molecular sieve SCM-15, and further found that it has beneficial properties.
  • the present invention relates to a molecular sieve SCM-15 characterized in that the molecular sieve has an X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as shown in the following table.
  • the invention also provides a method for synthesizing molecular sieve SCM-15.
  • the SCM-15 molecular sieve involved has a skeleton structure which has never been obtained before in the art.
  • Figure 1 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) of the molecular sieve (synthesized form) obtained in Example 1.
  • Example 2 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) of the molecular sieve (synthesized form) obtained in Example 8.
  • Figure 3 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the molecular sieve obtained in Example 8 (form after calcination) (XRD).
  • the term "specific surface area” refers to the total area of a unit mass sample, including internal surface area and external surface area.
  • Non-porous samples have only external surface areas, such as Portland cement , some clay mineral particles, etc.; porous and porous samples have external surface area and internal surface area, such as asbestos fibers, diatomaceous earth and molecular sieves.
  • the surface area of pores having pore diameters less than 2 nm in porous and porous samples is the internal surface area, the surface area after deducting the internal surface area is referred to as the external surface area, and the external surface area per unit mass of sample is the external specific surface area.
  • pore volume refers to the volume of a pore per unit mass of porous material.
  • the total pore volume refers to the volume of all the pores (generally only the pores having a pore diameter of less than 50 nm) per unit mass of the molecular sieve.
  • microporous pore volume refers to the volume of all micropores (generally referred to as pores having a pore diameter of less than 2 nm) per unit mass of molecular sieve.
  • w, m, s, vs represent the intensity of the diffraction peak, w is weak, m is medium, s is strong, and vs is very strong, which is known to those skilled in the art.
  • w is less than 20; m is 20-40; s is 40-70; vs is greater than 70.
  • XRD X-ray diffraction spectrum
  • the so-called synthetic state, synthetic form or synthetic molecular sieve refers to the state of the molecular sieve after the end of the synthesis.
  • the synthesis state for example, it may be a state directly presented after the end of synthesis (generally referred to as a molecular sieve precursor), or may be further removed by a method other than baking to remove organic substances (especially in the pores thereof). It is the state that is present after the organic templating agent).
  • the molecular sieve may contain water, may contain organic matter, may not contain water or may be free of organic matter.
  • the term "calcined after calcination, after calcination or after calcination” refers to the state of the molecular sieve after calcination.
  • the calcination state specifically, for example, a state in which the synthetic molecular sieve is further removed by calcination to remove an organic substance (particularly an organic templating agent) which may exist in the pores, water, or the like may be employed.
  • the firing conditions specifically include: baking at 550 ° C for 6 hours in an air atmosphere.
  • a molecular sieve SCM-15 is contemplated.
  • the molecular sieve (especially in its as-synthesized form or its calcined form) has an X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as shown in Table A-1 or Table A-2 below.
  • the X-ray diffraction pattern may further include an X-ray diffraction peak substantially as shown in Table B-1 or Table B-2 below.
  • the X-ray diffraction pattern further optionally further comprises an X-ray diffraction peak substantially as shown in the following table,
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 has the schematic chemical composition as shown by the formula "SiO 2 ⁇ GeO 2 ". It is known that molecular sieves sometimes contain a certain amount of moisture and organic matter (especially after the synthesis), but the present invention does not consider it necessary to specify the amount of water and organic matter because The presence or absence of this moisture and organic matter does not substantially affect the XRD spectrum of the molecular sieve. In view of this, the schematic chemical composition actually represents the anhydrous, organic-free chemical composition of the molecular sieve. Moreover, it is apparent that the schematic chemical composition represents the framework chemical composition of the SCM-15 molecular sieve or may also represent the post-fired schematic chemical composition of the SCM-15 molecular sieve.
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 the silicon germanium molar SiO 2 / GeO 2 ⁇ 1, preferably 1 ⁇ SiO 2 / GeO 2 ⁇ 15, preferably 2 ⁇ SiO 2 / GeO 2 ⁇ 10 Preferably, 2.5 ⁇ SiO 2 /GeO 2 ⁇ 5.
  • the skeleton ruthenium in the molecular sieve SCM-15, may be partially replaced by a trivalent or tetravalent element other than silicon and germanium, and the substitution rate is not more than 10%.
  • the parameter "replacement rate" is dimensionless.
  • the substitution rate is 2X 2 O 3 /(2X 2 O 3 +GeO 2 ) ⁇ 100%, where X is a trivalent element; ⁇ is a tetravalent element such as tin,
  • the substitution rate is YO 2 /(YO 2 +GeO 2 ) ⁇ 100%, where Y is a tetravalent element. In calculating the substitution rate, the number of moles of the corresponding oxide is used.
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 specific surface area of 100-600 m 2 / g, preferably 130-500 m 2 / g, more preferably 200-400 m 2 / g.
  • the micropore volume of the molecular sieve of SCM-15 (t-plot method) of 0.04 to 0.25 cm 3 / g, preferably from 0.05 to 0.20 cm 3 / g, more preferably 0.09-0.18 cm 3 / Gram.
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 can be obtained by the following method Perform the synthesis.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for synthesizing molecular sieve SCM-15, comprising comprising a silicon source, a cerium source, a fluorine source, an organic templating agent and water or a silicon source, a cerium source, a fluorine source, an organic templating agent and water.
  • the resulting mixture (hereinafter collectively referred to as a mixture) is crystallized to obtain the molecular sieve.
  • the organic templating agent in the method for synthesizing the molecular sieve, is selected from the group consisting of 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, or the structural formula (A-1), the structural formula (A-2) or the structural formula (A-3).
  • the quaternary ammonium form shown is preferably 4-pyrrolidinopyridine.
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently H or C 1-8 alkyl, preferably C 1-4 alkyl, more preferably C 1-2 alkyl, X - is independently a halogen ion (such as Cl - , Br - and I - ) and hydroxide ions (OH - ), preferably hydroxide ions (OH - ).
  • X - is independently a halogen ion (such as Cl - , Br - and I - ) and hydroxide ions (OH - ), preferably hydroxide ions (OH - ).
  • the crystallization step may be carried out in any manner conventionally known in the art, such as exemplifying A method of mixing the source, the source of the fluorine, the source of the fluorine, the organic templating agent and water in a predetermined ratio, and hydrothermally crystallizing the obtained mixture under the crystallization conditions. It can be in the presence of agitation as needed.
  • any silicon source conventionally used for this purpose in the art can be used.
  • silicic acid, silica gel, silica sol, tetraalkyl silicate or water glass can be mentioned.
  • These silicon sources may be used singly or in combination of a plurality of them in a desired ratio.
  • any ruthenium source conventionally used for this purpose in the art may be used, including but not limited to ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitrate and tetraalkoxy. Basic.
  • any fluorine source conventionally used for this purpose in the art may be used, and for example, a fluoride or an aqueous solution thereof, particularly hydrogen, may be mentioned. Fluoric acid, etc.
  • the silicon source in terms of SiO 2
  • the source of germanium in terms of GeO 2
  • the source of fluorine in terms of F
  • the molar ratio of the organic templating agent to water is generally 1: (0 to 1): (0.1 to 2.0): (0.1 to 2.0): (3 to 30); preferably 1: (1/15 to 1.5): (0.2 to 1.5): (0.2 to 1.5): (4 to 25); more preferably 1: (0.1 to 0.5): (0.4 to 1.2): (0.4 to 1.2): (5 to 20); more preferably 1: (0.2 to 0.4): (0.6 to 1.0): (0.6 to 1.0): (5 to 15).
  • the crystallization conditions include: a crystallization temperature of 131 to 210 ° C, preferably 150 to 190 ° C, more preferably 160 to 180 ° C; and a crystallization time of 1 to 20 Days, preferably 2 to 10 days, more preferably 2 to 7 days.
  • an aging step performed before crystallization is included, and the aging conditions include an aging temperature of 50 to 90 ° C and an aging time of 2 hours to 2 days.
  • a source of valence elements preferably an oxide source of a trivalent or tetravalent element other than silicon and germanium.
  • the oxide source at least one selected from the group consisting of a boron oxide source, an alumina source, a tin oxide source, a zirconia source, and a titanium oxide source is preferable.
  • alumina source include at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, sodium aluminate, aluminum salt, kaolin, and montmorillonite.
  • boron oxide source include at least one selected from the group consisting of boron oxide, borax, sodium metaborate, and boric acid.
  • tin oxide source include at least one selected from the group consisting of tin tetrachloride, stannous chloride, alkyl tin, alkoxy tin, and an organic stannate.
  • zirconia source examples include at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium salts (e.g., zirconium nitrate, zirconium sulfate), alkyl zirconium, zirconium alkoxide, and organic zirconate.
  • zirconium salts e.g., zirconium nitrate, zirconium sulfate
  • titanium oxide source include a tetraalkyl titanate (such as tetramethyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate), and TiCl 4 .
  • Ti(SO 4 ) 2 One or more of hexafluorotitanate, Ti(SO 4 ) 2 and their hydrolysis products.
  • the molar ratio of the oxide source (in terms of the corresponding oxide) to the source of germanium (in terms of GeO 2 ) is generally used. It is (0.01 to 0.1): 1, preferably (0.02 to 0.08): 1.
  • the molecular sieve in the synthesis method of the molecular sieve, after the crystallization is completed, the molecular sieve can be separated from the obtained reaction mixture as a product by any separation method conventionally known, thereby obtaining a molecular sieve.
  • SCM-15 or molecular sieve SCM-15, also known as the synthetic form.
  • the separation method for example, a method of filtering, washing, and drying the obtained reaction mixture can be mentioned.
  • the filtration, washing and drying can be carried out in any manner conventionally known in the art.
  • the filtration for example, the obtained reaction mixture can be simply suction filtered.
  • washing for example, washing with deionized water can be mentioned.
  • the drying temperature for example, 40 to 250 ° C, preferably 60 to 150 ° C can be mentioned, and as the drying time, for example, 8 to 30 hours, preferably 10 to 20 hours can be mentioned.
  • the drying can be carried out under normal pressure or under reduced pressure.
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 may not be calcined. Nonetheless, the organic substances (particularly the organic templating agent) which may be present in the molecular sieve may be removed by an ultraviolet/ozone method as needed, thereby obtaining an organic-free molecular sieve.
  • Such molecular sieves are also of the molecular sieve SCM-15 of the invention, or molecular sieve SCM-15, also known as the synthetic form.
  • the ultraviolet/ozone method is known in the art, and specifically, for example, a method of placing a molecular sieve at a distance of 2 to 3 mm from an ultraviolet lamp, and a wavelength range of 184 to 257 nm for an ultraviolet light lamp, and irradiating for 12 to 48 hours .
  • the ultraviolet light can be generated by using a low- and medium-pressure mercury lamp (10 to 20 mW ⁇ cm -2 ) sealed in a casing.
  • the molecular sieve obtained by crystallization may also be calcined to remove the organic templating agent and moisture or the like which may be present, thereby obtaining a calcined molecular sieve, which is also referred to as a molecular sieve SCM-15 in a calcined form.
  • the calcination can be carried out in any manner conventionally known in the art, such as a calcination temperature generally from 300 ° C to 750 ° C, preferably from 400 ° C to 600 ° C, and a calcination time of generally from 1 hour to 10 hours, preferably from 3 Hours to 6 hours.
  • the calcination is generally carried out under an oxygen-containing atmosphere, such as an air or oxygen atmosphere.
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 may be in any physical form, such as in the form of a powder, granules or a molded article (such as a strip, clover, etc.). These physical forms can be obtained in any manner conventionally known in the art, and are not particularly limited.
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 can be used in combination with other materials, thereby obtaining a molecular sieve composition.
  • other materials for example, an active material and an inactive material can be mentioned.
  • the active material include synthetic zeolite and natural zeolite.
  • the inactive material (generally referred to as a binder) include clay, clay, silica gel, and alumina. These other materials may be used alone or in combination of any ones in any ratio.
  • the amount of the other materials the conventional amounts in the art can be directly referred to, and are not particularly limited.
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 or the molecular sieve composition can be used as an adsorbent, for example to separate at least one component from a mixture of components in a gas phase or a liquid phase. Therefore, at least one component may be partially or substantially completely separated from the mixture of the various components by contacting the mixture with the molecular sieve SCM-15 or the molecular sieve composition, and selectively adsorbing the group. Minute.
  • the molecular sieve SCM-15 or the molecular sieve composition may also be used as a catalyst (or as a catalyst) either directly or after necessary treatment or conversion (such as ion exchange, etc.) conventionally performed in the art for molecular sieves.
  • Active component for example, a reactant (such as a hydrocarbon) can be subjected to a predetermined reaction in the presence of the catalyst, and thereby the target product can be obtained.
  • the SiO 2 /GeO 2 5.1 of the product molecular sieve was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP).
  • the SiO 2 /GeO 2 4.2 of the product molecular sieve was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP).
  • the SiO 2 /GeO 2 4.4 of the product molecular sieve was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP).
  • the SiO 2 /GeO 2 5.3 of the product molecular sieve was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP).
  • the SiO 2 /GeO 2 3.9 of the product molecular sieve was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP).
  • boric acid was added as a boron source to the system, and a part of the niobium source was replaced, and the substitution rate was 1%.
  • ICP inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
  • the SiO 2 /GeO 2 4.2 of the product molecular sieve was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP).
  • the product was fired in an air atmosphere at 550 ° C for 6 hours, and the XRD spectrum of the obtained sample (form after calcination) is shown in Fig. 3, and the spectrum data is shown in Table 9.
  • the specific surface area (BET method) of the calcined sample was 337.4 m 2 /g and the micropore volume (t-plot method) was 0.14 cm 3 /g.
  • the solid sample is centrifuged, washed, and placed at 100. Dry overnight in a °C oven to obtain a powder.
  • 3 g of the powder sample synthesized in Example 9 was thoroughly mixed with 2 g of alumina and 0.3 g of phthalocyanine powder, kneaded with 5 wt% of nitric acid, and extruded into a strip. The strips of millimeters were then dried at 110 ° C and calcined at 550 ° C for 6 hours to remove organics to prepare the desired molecular sieve composition.
  • the molecular sieve composition can be used as an adsorbent or a catalyst.
  • the molecular sieve composition prepared in Example 10 was crushed and sieved, and 30 mg of particles having a particle diameter of 20 to 40 mesh were taken, packed in a pulse fixed bed reactor, and cooled to a reaction temperature of 250 after activation at 300 ° C for 1 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. °C.
  • 0.4 ⁇ l of cumene was injected into the reactor at one time, and cumene was subjected to cleavage reaction through the bed of the molecular sieve composition.
  • the reacted mixture was directly subjected to gas chromatography analysis, and the conversion of cumene was obtained. 33.7%, the main products are propylene and benzene.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种分子筛SCM-15、其合成方法及其用途。所述分子筛具有如式"SiO2·GeO2"所示的示意性化学组成，其中硅锗摩尔比SiO2/GeO2≥1。所述分子筛具有独特的XRD衍射数据，可作为吸附剂或催化剂使用。

Description

分子筛SCM-15、其合成方法及其用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种分子筛SCM-15、其合成方法及其用途。
背景技术
在工业上，多孔无机材料被广泛用作催化剂和催化剂载体。多孔材料具有相对较高的比表面和畅通的孔道结构，因此是良好的催化材料或催化剂载体。多孔材料大致可以包括：无定型多孔材料、结晶分子筛以及改性的层状材料等。这些材料结构的细微差别，预示着它们本身在材料的催化和吸附性能等方面的重大差异，以及在用来表征它们的各种可观察性能中的差异，如它们的形貌、比表面积、空隙尺寸和这些尺寸的可变性。
结晶微孔沸石的基本骨架结构是基于刚性的三维TO4(SiO4，AlO4等)单元结构；在此结构中TO4是以四面体方式共享氧原子，骨架四面体如AlO4的电荷平衡是通过表面阳离子如Na+、H+的存在保持的。由此可见通过阳离子交换方式可以改变沸石的骨架性质。同时，在沸石的结构中存在着丰富的、孔径一定的孔道体系，这些孔道相互交错形成三维网状结构，且孔道中的水或有机物被去除后其骨架仍能稳定存在(US 4439409)。正是基于上述结构，沸石不但对多种有机反应具有良好催化活性、优良的择形性、并通过改性可实现良好的选择性(US 6162416，US 4954325，US 5362697)。
分子筛的特定结构是由X-射线衍射谱图(XRD)确定的，X-射线衍射谱图(XRD)由X-射线粉末衍射仪测定，使用Cu-Kα射线源、镍滤光片。不同的沸石分子筛，其XRD谱图特征不同。已有的分子筛，如A型沸石(US2882243)、Y型沸石(US3130007)、PSH-3分子筛(US4439409)、ZSM-11分子筛(US3709979)、ZSM-12分子筛(US3832449)、ZSM-23分子筛(US4076842)、ZSM-35分子筛(US4016245)、MCM-22分子筛(US4954325)等等均具有各自特点的XRD谱图。
同时，具有相同XRD谱图特征，但骨架元素种类不同，也是不同分子筛。如TS-1分子筛(US4410501)与ZSM-5分子筛(US3702886)，它们二者具有相同的XRD谱图特征，但骨架元素不同。具体来说，TS-1分子筛骨架元素为Si和Ti，具有催化氧化功能，而ZSM-5分子筛骨架元 素为Si和Al，具有酸催化功能。
另外，具有相同XRD谱图特征，骨架元素种类也相同，但是是骨架元素的相对含量不同，属于不同分子筛。如X沸石(US2882244)与Y沸石(US3130007)，二者具有相同的XRD谱图特征，骨架元素均为Si和Al，但Si和Al的相对含量不同。具体来说，X沸石Si/Al摩尔比低于1.5，而Y沸石Si/Al摩尔比高于1.5。
发明内容
本发明人在现有技术的基础上经过刻苦的研究，发现了一种新型分子筛SCM-15，并进一步发现了其具有有益性能。
具体而言，本发明涉及一种分子筛SCM-15，其特征在于，所述分子筛具有基本上如下表所示的X-射线衍射图谱。
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000001
a＝±0.3°。
本发明还提供一种分子筛SCM-15的合成方法。
技术效果
根据本发明，所涉及的SCM-15分子筛，其骨架结构是本领域之前从未获得过的。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中所得分子筛(合成态形式)的X射线衍射谱图(XRD)。
图2为实施例8中所得分子筛(合成态形式)的X射线衍射谱图(XRD)。
图3为实施例8中所得分子筛(焙烧后形式)的X射线衍射谱图 (XRD)。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明，但是需要指出的是，本发明的保护范围并不受这些具体实施方式的限制，而是由附录的权利要求书来确定。
本说明书提到的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其它参考文献全都引于此供参考。除非另有定义，本说明书所用的所有技术和科学术语都具有本领域技术人员常规理解的含义。在有冲突的情况下，以本说明书的定义为准。
当本说明书以词头“本领域技术人员公知”、“现有技术”或其类似用语来导出材料、物质、方法、步骤、装置或部件等时，该词头导出的对象涵盖本申请提出时本领域常规使用的那些，但也包括目前还不常用，却将变成本领域公认为适用于类似目的的那些。
在本说明书的上下文中，所谓比表面积，是指单位质量样品所具有的总面积，包括内表面积和外表面积。非孔性样品只具有外表面积，如硅酸盐水泥、一些粘土矿物粉粒等；有孔和多孔样品具有外表面积和内表面积，如石棉纤维、硅藻土和分子筛等。有孔和多孔样品中孔径小于2nm的孔的表面积是内表面积，扣除内表面积后的表面积称为外表面积，单位质量样品具有的外表面积即外比表面积。
在本说明书的上下文中，所谓孔容，指单位质量多孔材料所具有的孔的容积。所谓总孔容，是指单位质量分子筛所具有的全部孔(一般仅计入孔道直径小于50nm的孔)的容积。所谓微孔孔容，是指单位质量分子筛所具有的全部微孔(一般指的是孔道直径小于2nm的孔)的容积。
在本说明书的上下文中，在分子筛的XRD数据中，w、m、s、vs代表衍射峰强度，w为弱，m为中等，s为强，vs为非常强，这为本领域技术人员所熟知的。一般而言，w为小于20；m为20-40；s为40-70；vs为大于70。
在本说明书的上下文中，分子筛的结构是由X-射线衍射谱图(XRD)确定的，而所述分子筛的X-射线衍射谱图(XRD)由X-射线粉末衍射仪测定，使用Cu-Kα射线源，Kα1波长λ＝1.5405980埃
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000002
镍滤光片。
在本说明书的上下文中，所谓合成态、合成态形式或者合成态分子筛，是指所述分子筛在合成结束之后的状态。作为所述合成状态，具体举例而言，可能是合成结束之后直接呈现的状态(一般称为分子筛前躯体)，也可能是通过除了焙烧以外的方法进一步脱除其孔道中可能存在的有机物(特别是有机模板剂)之后而呈现的状态。鉴于此，在所述合成状态下，所述分子筛可能含有水、可能含有有机物、可能不含水或者可能不含有机物。
在本说明书的上下文中，所谓焙烧后、焙烧后形式或者焙烧后分子筛，是指所述分子筛在焙烧之后的状态。作为所述焙烧状态，具体举例而言，可能是将合成态分子筛通过焙烧而进一步脱除其孔道中可能存在的有机物(特别是有机模板剂)和水等之后而呈现的状态。在此，所述焙烧的条件特别包括：在550℃空气气氛下焙烧6小时。
需要特别说明的是，在本说明书的上下文中公开的两个或多个方面(或实施方式)可以彼此任意组合，由此而形成的技术方案(比如方法或系统)属于本说明书原始公开内容的一部分，同时也落入本发明的保护范围之内。
在没有明确指明的情况下，本说明书内所提到的所有百分数、份数、比率等都是以重量为基准的，除非以重量为基准时不符合本领域技术人员的常规认识。
根据本发明的一个方面，涉及一种分子筛SCM-15。所述分子筛(特别是在其合成态的形式或者其焙烧后的形式中)具有基本上如下表A-1或表A-2所示的X-射线衍射图谱。
表A-1
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000003
(a)＝±0.3°，(b)随2θ变化。
表A-2
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000004
a＝±0.3°。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述X射线衍射图案还可以包括基本上如下表B-1或表B-2所示的X射线衍射峰。
表B-1
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000005
(a)＝±0.3°，(b)随2θ变化。
表B-2
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000006
(a)＝±0.3°。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述X-射线衍射图谱还任选进一步包括基本上如下表所示的X-射线衍射峰，
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000007
(a)＝±0.3°。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述分子筛SCM-15具有如式“SiO2·GeO2”所示的示意性化学组成。已知的是，分子筛中有时会(尤其是在刚合成之后)含有一定量的水分和有机物(特别是有机模板剂)，但本发明认为并没有必要对该水分和有机物的量进行特定，因为该水分和有机物的存在与否并不会实质上影响该分子筛的XRD谱图。鉴于此，该示意性化学组成实际上代表的是该分子筛的无水、无有机物的化学组成。而且，显然的是，该示意性化学组成代表的是该SCM-15分子筛的骨架化学组成，或者也可以代表该SCM-15分子筛的焙烧后示意性化学组成。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛SCM-15中，所述硅锗摩尔SiO2/GeO2≥1，优选1≤SiO2/GeO2≤15，优选2≤SiO2/GeO2≤10，优选2.5≤SiO2/GeO2≤5。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛SCM-15中，骨架锗可以部分被非硅和锗的三价或四价元素替代，替代率不超过10％。在此，该参数“替代率”无量纲。锗被三价元素，例如硼、铝替代时，替代率＝2X2O3/(2X2O3+GeO2)×100％，其中X为三价元素；锗被四价元素，例如锡、锆、钛替代时，替代率＝YO2/(YO2+GeO2)×100％，其中Y为四价元素。在计算替代率时，使用相应氧化物的摩尔数。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述分子筛SCM-15的比表面积(BET法)为100-600米2/克，优选130-500米2/克，更优选200-400米2/克。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述分子筛SCM-15的微孔孔容(t-plot法)为0.04-0.25厘米3/克，优选0.05-0.20厘米3/克，更优选0.09-0.18厘米3/克。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述分子筛SCM-15可以通过如下的方法 进行合成。鉴于此，本发明还涉及一种分子筛SCM-15的合成方法，包括使包含硅源、锗源、氟源、有机模板剂和水或者由硅源、锗源、氟源、有机模板剂和水形成的混合物(以下统称为混合物)晶化以获得所述分子筛的步骤。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，所述有机模板剂选自4-吡咯烷基吡啶、或者结构式(A-1)、结构式(A-2)或结构式(A-3)所示的季铵形式，优选4-吡咯烷基吡啶。这些有机模板剂可以单独使用一种，或者以需要的比例组合使用多种。
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000008
在各式中，R1和R2各自独立地为H或者C1-8烷基，优选C1-4烷基，更优选C1-2烷基，X-各自独立为卤素离子(比如Cl-、Br-和I-)和氢氧根离子(OH-)，优选氢氧根离子(OH-)。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，所述晶化步骤可以按照本领域常规已知的任何方式进行，比如可以举出使所述硅 源、所述锗源、所述氟源、所述有机模板剂和水按照预定的比例混合，并使所获得的混合物在所述晶化条件下水热晶化的方法。可以根据需要在搅拌的存在下。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，作为所述硅源，可以使用本领域为此目的而常规使用的任何硅源。比如可以举出硅酸、硅胶、硅溶胶、硅酸四烷基酯或者水玻璃等。这些硅源可以单独使用一种，或者以需要的比例组合使用多种。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，作为所述锗源，可以使用本领域为此目的而常规使用的任何锗源，包括但不限于氧化锗、硝酸锗和四烷氧基锗。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，作为所述氟源，可以使用本领域为此目的而常规使用的任何氟源，比如可以举出氟化物或其水溶液，特别是氢氟酸等。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，所述硅源(以SiO2为计)、所述锗源(以GeO2为计)、所述氟源(以F为计)、所述有机模板剂和水的摩尔比一般为1∶(0至1)∶(0.1至2.0)∶(0.1至2.0)∶(3至30)；优选1∶(1/15至1.5)∶(0.2至1.5)∶(0.2至1.5)∶(4至25)；更优选1∶(0.1至0.5)∶(0.4至1.2)∶(0.4至1.2)∶(5至20)；更优选1∶(0.2至0.4)∶(0.6至1.0)∶(0.6至1.0)∶(5至15)。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，所述晶化条件包括：晶化温度131至210℃，优选150至190℃，更优选160至180℃；晶化时间1至20天，优选2至10天，更优选2至7天。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，包括在晶化之前进行的老化步骤，老化条件包括：老化温度50至90℃，老化时间2小时至2天。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，当采用三价或四价非硅和锗的元素替代锗原子时，需向所述混合物中加入非硅和锗的三价或四价元素源，优选非硅和锗的三价或四价元素的氧化物源。作为所述氧化物源，优选选自由氧化硼源、氧化铝源、氧化锡源、氧化锆源和氧化钛源组成的组中的至少一种。作为所述氧化铝源，具体比如可以举出选自由氢氧化铝、铝酸钠、铝盐、高岭土和蒙脱土组成的组中的至少一种。作为所述氧化硼源，具体比如可以举出选自由氧化硼、硼 砂、偏硼酸钠和硼酸组成的组中的至少一种。作为所述氧化锡源，具体比如可以举出选自由四氯化锡、氯化亚锡、烷基锡、烷氧基锡和有机锡酸酯组成的组中的至少一种。作为所述氧化锆源，具体比如可以举出选自由锆盐(如硝酸锆、硫酸锆)、烷基锆、烷氧基锆和有机锆酸酯组成的组中的至少一种。作为所述氧化钛源，具体比如可以举出选自四烷基钛酸酯(如钛酸四甲酯、钛酸四乙酯、钛酸四丙酯、钛酸四正丁酯)、TiCl4、六氟钛酸、Ti(SO4)2以及它们的水解产物中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，在使用时，所述氧化物源(以相应的氧化物为计)与所述锗源(以GeO2为计)的摩尔比一般为(0.01至0.1)∶1，优选(0.02至0.08)∶1。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，在所述晶化完成之后，可以通过常规已知的任何分离方式从所获得的反应混合物中分离出分子筛作为产品，由此获得分子筛SCM-15，或者也称为合成态形式的分子筛SCM-15。作为所述分离方式，比如可以举出对所述获得的反应混合物进行过滤、洗涤和干燥的方法。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，所述过滤、洗涤和干燥可以按照本领域常规已知的任何方式进行。具体举例而言，作为所述过滤，比如可以简单地抽滤所述获得的反应混合物。作为所述洗涤，比如可以举出使用去离子水进行洗涤。作为所述干燥温度，比如可以举出40至250℃，优选60至150℃，作为所述干燥的时间，比如可以举出8至30小时，优选10至20小时。该干燥可以在常压下进行，也可以在减压下进行。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，所述分子筛SCM-15可以不进行焙烧。虽然如此，根据需要，可以将所述分子筛中可能存在的有机物(特别是所述有机模板剂)通过紫外/臭氧法进行脱除，由此获得不含有机物的分子筛。这种分子筛同样属于本发明的分子筛SCM-15，或者也称为合成态形式的分子筛SCM-15。所述紫外/臭氧法在本领域是已知的，具体比如可以举出将分子筛置于距离紫外灯2～3毫米处，紫外光照灯波长范围为184～257纳米，照射12～48小时的方法。在此，所述紫外光可使用由密闭在箱体中的低、中压汞灯(10～20mW·cm-2)产生。
根据本发明的一个方面，在所述分子筛的合成方法中，根据需要， 也可以将晶化获得的分子筛进行焙烧，以脱除所述有机模板剂和可能存在的水分等，由此获得焙烧后的分子筛，也称为焙烧后形式的分子筛SCM-15。所述焙烧可以按照本领域常规已知的任何方式进行，比如焙烧温度一般为从300℃至750℃，优选从400℃至600℃，而焙烧时间一般为从1小时至10小时，优选从3小时至6小时。另外，所述焙烧一般在含氧气氛下进行，比如空气或者氧气气氛下。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述分子筛SCM-15可以呈现为任何的物理形式，比如粉末状、颗粒状或者模制品状(比如条状、三叶草状等)。可以按照本领域常规已知的任何方式获得这些物理形式，并没有特别的限定。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述分子筛SCM-15可以与其他材料复合使用，由此获得分子筛组合物。作为这些其他材料，比如可以举出活性材料和非活性材料。作为所述活性材料，比如可以举出合成沸石和天然沸石等，作为所述非活性材料(一般称为粘结剂)，比如可以举出粘土、白土、硅胶和氧化铝等。这些其他材料可以单独使用一种，或者以任意的比例组合使用多种。作为所述其他材料的用量，可以直接参照本领域的常规用量，并没有特别的限制。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述分子筛SCM-15或所述分子筛组合物可用作吸附剂，例如用来在气相或液相中从多种组分的混合物中分离出至少一种组分。所以，至少一种组分可以部分或基本全部从各种组分的混合物中分离出来，方式是让混合物与所述分子筛SCM-15或所述分子筛组合物相接触，有选择的吸附这一组分。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述分子筛SCM-15或所述分子筛组合物还可直接或者经过本领域常规针对分子筛进行的必要处理或转化(比如离子交换等)之后用作催化剂(或作为其催化活性组分)。为此，根据本发明的一个方面，比如可以使反应物(比如烃类)在所述催化剂的存在下进行预定反应，并由此获得目标产物。
实施例
以下采用实施例进一步详细地说明本发明，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
将43.2g去离子水、42.63g有机模板剂4-吡咯烷基吡啶(98重量％)、8.37g氧化锗(99重量％)、14.0g氢氟酸(40重量％)、60.0g硅溶胶(SiO240重量％)混合均匀，制得反应混合物，反应混合物的物料配比(摩尔比)为：
SiO2/GeO2＝5
模板剂/SiO2＝0.70
F/SiO2＝0.70
H2O/SiO2＝12
混合均匀后，装入不锈钢反应釜中，在80℃水浴中老化2小时，然后在搅拌的情况下于170℃晶化5天。晶化结束后过滤、洗涤、120℃干燥12小时，得到分子筛。
产品分子筛(合成态形式)的XRD谱图数据如表1所示，XRD谱图如图1所示。
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品分子筛的SiO2/GeO2＝5.1。
表1
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000010
实施例2
同实施例1，只是反应混合物的物料配比(摩尔比)为：
SiO2/GeO2＝4
模板剂/SiO2＝0.60
F/SiO2＝0.60
H2O/SiO2＝10
混合均匀后，装入不锈钢反应釜中，在80℃水浴中老化3小时，然后在搅拌的情况下于165℃晶化4天。
产品(合成态形式)的XRD谱图数据如表2所示，XRD谱图与图1 相似。
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品分子筛的SiO2/GeO2＝4.2。
表2
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000012
实施例3
同实施例1，只是反应混合物的物料配比(摩尔比)为：
SiO2/GeO2＝4
模板剂/SiO2＝0.66
F/SiO2＝0.66
H2O/SiO2＝8
混合均匀后，装入不锈钢反应釜中，在搅拌情况下于170℃晶化5天。
产品(合成态形式)的XRD谱图数据如表3所示，XRD谱图与图1相似。
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品分子筛的SiO2/GeO2＝4.4。
表3
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000015
实施例4
同实施例1，只是反应混合物的物料配比(摩尔比)为：
SiO2/GeO2＝5
模板剂/SiO2＝0.60
F/SiO2＝0.60
H2O/SiO2＝12
混合均匀后，装入不锈钢反应釜中，在搅拌情况下于150℃晶化5天。
产品(合成态形式)的XRD谱图数据如表4所示，XRD谱图与图1相似。
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品分子筛的SiO2/GeO2＝5.3。
表4
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000018
实施例5
同实施例1，只是反应混合物的物料配比(摩尔比)为：
SiO2/GeO2＝3.5
模板剂/SiO2＝0.72
F/SiO2＝0.72
H2O/SiO2＝9
混合均匀后，装入不锈钢反应釜中，在搅拌情况下于150℃晶化5天。
产品(合成态形式)的XRD谱图数据如表5所示，XRD谱图与图1相似。
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品分子筛的SiO2/GeO2＝3.9。
表5
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000020
实施例6
同实施例1，只是向体系中加入硼酸作为硼源，替代部分的锗源，替代率1％。
产品(合成态形式)的XRD谱图数据如表6所示，XRD谱图与图1相似。
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品分子筛的SiO2/GeO2＝5.4，SiO2/B2O3＝991.3。
表6
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000023
实施例7
同实施例1，只是向体系中加入钛酸四正丁酯作为钛源，替代部分的锗源，替代率2％。
产品(合成态形式)的XRD谱图数据如表7所示，XRD谱图与图1相似。
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品分子筛的SiO2/GeO2＝5.2，SiO2/TiO2＝197.2。
表7
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000026
实施例8
同实施例1，只是反应混合物的物料配比(摩尔比)为：
SiO2/GeO2＝4
模板剂/SiO2＝0.9
F/SiO2＝0.9
H2O/SiO2＝11
混合均匀后，装入不锈钢反应釜中，在搅拌情况下于170℃晶化6天。
产品(合成态形式)的XRD谱图数据如表8所示，XRD谱图如图2所示。
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品分子筛的SiO2/GeO2＝4.2。
表8
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000028
产品在550℃空气气氛下焙烧6小时，所得样品(焙烧后形式)的XRD谱图如图3所示，谱图数据如表9所示。采用氮气物理吸脱附测得焙烧后样品的比表面积(BET法)为337.4米2/克，微孔孔容(t-plot 法)为0.14厘米3/克。
表9
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000029
实施例9
将实施例8中得到的焙烧后分子筛与0.7质量％的Al(NO)3溶液按照分子筛∶Al(NO3)3溶液＝1∶50的质量配比投入三口烧瓶中，在80℃油浴中搅拌下反应6小时，反应结束后固体样品经离心、洗涤后，放于100℃烘箱中过夜干燥。再将干燥后的样品与浓度0.01摩尔/升的HCl溶液按照分子筛∶HCl溶液＝1∶50的质量配比在室温下搅拌反应6小时，反应结束后固体样品经离心、洗涤后，放于100℃烘箱中过夜干燥，获得粉末。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)测得产品的SiO2/GeO2＝5.8，SiO2/Al2O3＝112.5。
实施例10
取3克实施例9合成的粉末样品，与2克氧化铝、0.3克田菁粉充分混合，加入5重量％硝酸捏合、挤条成型为
Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-000030
毫米的条状物，然后在110℃烘干，在550℃空气气氛下焙烧6小时脱除有机物，制备成需要的分子筛组合物。该分子筛组合物可作为吸附剂或催化剂使用。
实施例11
将实施例10制备的分子筛组合物破碎、过筛，取30毫克粒径20～40目之间的颗粒，装填在脉冲固定床反应器中，在300℃氮气氛围活化1h后降温至反应温度250℃。采用脉冲进样方式，将0.4微升异丙苯一次性瞬间注入反应器，异丙苯经过分子筛组合物床层发生裂解反应，反应后的混合物直接进入气相色谱分析，得异丙苯转化率为33.7％，主产物为丙烯和苯。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种分子筛SCM-15，其特征在于，所述分子筛(特别是在其合成态的形式或者其焙烧后的形式中)具有基本上如下表A-1或表A-2所示的X-射线衍射图谱，
    表A-1
    Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-100001
    (a)＝±0.3°，(b)随2θ变化，
    表A-2
    Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-100002
    a＝±0.3°。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分子筛SCM-15，其特征在于，所述X-射线衍射图谱还包括基本上如下表B-1或表B-2所示的X-射线衍射峰，
    表B-1
    Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-100003
    (a)＝±0.3°，(b)随2θ变化，
    表B-2
    Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-100004
    (a)＝±0.3°，
    所述X-射线衍射图谱任选进一步包括基本上如下表所示的X-射线衍射峰，
    Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-100005
    (a)＝±0.3°。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的分子筛SCM-15，其特征在于，所述分子筛具有如式“SiO2·GeO2”所示的示意性化学组成，其中硅锗摩尔比SiO2/GeO2≥1，优选1≤SiO2/GeO2≤15，更优选2≤SiO2/GeO2≤10，更优选2.5≤SiO2/GeO2≤5。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的分子筛SCM-15，其特征在于，所述分子筛中不超过10％的Ge原子被至少一种非硅和锗的元素的原子取代。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的分子筛SCM-15，其特征在于，所述非硅和锗的元素选自由硼、铝、锡、锆和钛组成的组中的至少一种。
  6. 一种分子筛SCM-15的合成方法，包括使包含硅源、锗源、氟源、有机模板剂和水或者由硅源、锗源、氟源、有机模板剂和水形成的混合物晶化以获得所述分子筛的步骤，其中所述有机模板剂选自4-吡咯烷基吡啶、或者结构式(A-1)、结构式(A-2)或结构式(A-3)所示的季铵形式，优选4-吡咯烷基吡啶，
    Figure PCTCN2017108462-appb-100006
    在各式中，R1和R2各自独立地为H或者C1-8烷基，优选C1-4烷基，更优选C1-2烷基，X-各自独立为卤素离子(比如Cl-、Br-和I-)和氢氧根离子(OH-)，优选氢氧根离子(OH-)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述分子筛SCM-15的合成方法，其特征在于，所述硅源选自由硅酸、硅胶、硅溶胶、硅酸四烷基酯和水玻璃组成的组中的至少一种；所述锗源选自由氧化锗、硝酸锗和四烷氧基锗组成的组中 的至少一种；
    所述硅源(以SiO2为计)、所述锗源(以GeO2为计)、所述氟源(以F为计)、所述有机模板剂和水的摩尔比为1∶(0至1)∶(0.1至2.0)∶(0.1至2.0)∶(3至30)；优选1∶(1/15至1)∶(0.2至1.5)∶(0.2至1.5)∶(4至25)；更优选1∶(0.1至0.5)∶(0.4至1.2)∶(0.4至1.2)∶(5至20)；更优选1∶(0.2至0.4)∶(0.6至1.0)∶(0.6至1.0)∶(5至15)。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述分子筛SCM-15的合成方法，其特征在于，所述晶化的条件包括：晶化温度131至210℃，优选150至190℃，更优选160至180℃；晶化时间1至20天，优选2至10天，更优选2至7天。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述分子筛SCM-15的合成方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括晶化前的老化步骤；老化条件包括：老化温度50至90℃，老化时间2小时至2天。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述分子筛SCM-15的合成方法，其特征在于，所述混合物中还包括含非硅和锗的元素源，优选选自由硼源、铝源、锡源、锆源和钛源组成的组中的至少一种；更优选选自由氧化硼源、氧化铝源、氧化锡源、氧化锆源和氧化钛源组成的组中的至少一种氧化物源；
    所述氧化物源(以相应的氧化物为计)与所述锗源(以GeO2为计)的摩尔比为(0.01至0.1)∶1，优选(0.02至0.08)∶1。
  11. 一种分子筛组合物，包含权利要求1至5任一所述的分子筛SCM-15或者按照权利要求6至10任一所述分子筛SCM-15的合成方法合成的分子筛SCM-15，以及粘结剂。
  12. 权利要求1至5任一所述的分子筛SCM-15、按照权利要求6至10任一所述分子筛SCM-15的合成方法合成的分子筛SCM-15、或者权利要求11所述分子筛组合物作为吸附剂或催化剂的应用。
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