WO2018236087A1 - 전원 공급 장치 및 부하에 전원을 공급하는 방법 - Google Patents
전원 공급 장치 및 부하에 전원을 공급하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018236087A1 WO2018236087A1 PCT/KR2018/006606 KR2018006606W WO2018236087A1 WO 2018236087 A1 WO2018236087 A1 WO 2018236087A1 KR 2018006606 W KR2018006606 W KR 2018006606W WO 2018236087 A1 WO2018236087 A1 WO 2018236087A1
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- power
- period
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32174—Circuits specially adapted for controlling the RF discharge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32174—Circuits specially adapted for controlling the RF discharge
- H01J37/32183—Matching circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4233—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a bridge converter comprising active switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
- H03H7/40—Automatic matching of load impedance to source impedance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/4815—Resonant converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electronic or electric apparatus, and more particularly to a power supply apparatus and a method of supplying power to a load.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the amount of power or the amount of current supplied to the inductively coupled plasma apparatus must be controlled.
- Various methods have been studied to control the amount of power or amount of current supplied to an inductively coupled plasma device.
- most methods increase the complexity, volume, or price of the power supply, or introduce high frequency switching noise or stress on the power supply, which can cause the power supply to malfunction, thereby reducing reliability and greatly reducing its life . Therefore, there is a need for research on a method of supplying a power supply device and a power supply that does not generate high frequency switching noise and does not cause stress without increasing complexity.
- a power supply apparatus includes an inverter for converting a DC power source to an AC power source; An impedance matching circuit for supplying the AC power to the load; The inverter controls the arrangement of a powering period in which the AC power is output and a freewheeling period in which the inverter does not output the AC power, so that the inverter controls the load And a controller for controlling the amount of power to be supplied to the battery.
- the controller controls the inverter to increase the free-wheeling interval.
- the controller controls the inverter to reduce the free-wheeling interval.
- the controller increases or decreases the freewheeling period step by step until the amount of power supplied by the inverter becomes equal to the target amount of power.
- the controller detects the difference between the amount of power supplied by the inverter and the amount of target power, and adjusts the free-wheeling period as much as the detected difference so that the amount of power supplied by the inverter becomes equal to the target amount of power .
- the controller calculates the difference between the amount of power supplied by the inverter and the amount of target power as an error value, and calculates a current error value, previous error values, and proportional-integral-integral (PID) To adjust the free-wheeling period.
- PID proportional-integral-integral
- the controller limits the length of the free-wheeling interval to a threshold value or less.
- the threshold value is determined according to the quality factor of the impedance matching circuit and the load and the period of the AC power source.
- the controller may include a power ring cell for supplying the alternating current power for at least one half-period and a freewheeling cell not supplying the alternating current power for at least one half-period, Adjust the placement.
- the controller places the powering cell and the freewheeling cell alternately.
- the controller limits the number of times the free-wheeling cells are successively placed below a threshold.
- the controller may include a powering cell for supplying the AC power for at least one period and a free wheeling cell including a period for supplying the AC power for at least one period and a period for not supplying the AC power, And controls the arrangement of the power ring section and the free wheeling section.
- the load is an inductively coupled plasma (ICP).
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the controller is configured to supply a positive power for a first half-period, supply a negative power for a third half-period without supplying power for a second half-period, And controls the inverter.
- the controller supplies a positive power for a first half-period, a negative power for a second half-period, does not supply power during third and fourth half- Supplies power for the sixth and seventh half periods, and controls the inverter to supply negative power for the eighth half period.
- the inverter comprises: a first transistor and a first diode connected in parallel between a power supply node and a first output node; A second transistor and a second diode connected in parallel between the first output node and the ground node; A third transistor and a third diode connected in parallel between the ground node and the second output node; A fourth transistor and a fourth diode connected in parallel between the power supply node and the second output node; And an inductor coupled between the first output node and the second output node, wherein the first output node and the second output node are connected to the impedance matching circuit, Respectively.
- the controller controls the inverter so that the sign of the voltage and current of the AC power source coincides with each other, and the positive peak value of the current flowing through the inductor coincides with the negative peak value.
- a method of supplying power to a load includes: receiving a target amount of power; Comparing the amount of power supplied to the load with the target amount of power; Controlling a powering period for supplying the AC power to the load and a freewheeling period for not supplying the AC power to the load so that the target amount of power and the amount of power are equal to each other according to a result of the comparison; ; And supplying power to the load in accordance with the adjusted power ring section and free wheeling section.
- the powering interval and the freewheeling interval are adjusted until the amount of power equals the target amount of power.
- the present invention by adjusting the pattern of the switching signals supplied to the inverter of the power supply, the amount of electric power or the amount of electric current supplied to the load is adjusted.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an inverter, an impedance matching circuit, and a load in more detail according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 3 shows an example in which the controller controls the first to fourth switching signals.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which dead time is added to the first to fourth switching signals.
- FIG 5 shows examples of waveforms of the output voltage and the output current with the passage of time when the frequency of the output voltage and the resonance frequency of the load coincide with each other.
- FIG 6 shows an example of waveforms of the output voltage and the output current with the passage of time when the frequency of the output voltage is lower than the resonance frequency of the load.
- Fig. 7 shows the operating state of the inverter when the output voltage transitions from a high level to a low level according to the waveform of Fig.
- FIG. 9 shows the operating state of the inverter when the output voltage transitions from a high level to a low level according to the waveform of Fig.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a method of controlling power according to DC voltage conversion.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a method of controlling power according to phase conversion.
- Fig. 13 shows an example of a method in which power is controlled according to pulse width modulation.
- FIG. 14 shows a power supply method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 15 is a flowchart showing an example of a method of controlling the amount of power according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 16 shows an example of a power supply method according to an application example of the present invention.
- FIG 17 shows another example of the power supply method according to the application of the present invention.
- Fig. 18 shows examples in which power is consumed according to quality factors.
- Figure 21 shows examples of power ring cells and freewheeling cells.
- Figure 22 shows other examples of power ring cells and freewheeling cells.
- Figure 23 shows an example where ripple is generated by powering cells and freewheeling cells.
- Fig. 24 shows an example in which ripple is suppressed at the output current.
- 25 shows an inverter, an impedance matching circuit, and a load according to an application example of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 shows changes in the output current and the inductor current with the passage of time.
- FIG. 28 shows another example of a change in inductor current when the output voltage has a freewheeling period.
- FIG. 29 shows another example of a change in inductor current when the output voltage has a freewheeling period.
- FIG 30 shows the inverter, the impedance matching circuit, and the load in more detail according to an application example of the present invention.
- a power supply system 100 includes an AC power supply 110, a power supply 120, and a load 140.
- the AC power source 110 may be a 60 Hz power source used in a typical home or industrial field.
- the load 140 may be an electrical or electronic device used in a home or industrial field.
- the load 140 may be an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the power supply 120 may convert the first AC power into a second AC power and supply the same to the load 140.
- the second alternating-current power source may have a frequency of several hundred kHz to tens MHz and a power of several kW or more.
- the power supply 120 may include a rectifier 121, a capacitor 122, an inverter 123, an impedance matching circuit 130, and a controller 125.
- the rectifier 121 can convert the output of the AC power source 110 into a DC power source.
- the rectifier 121 can supply DC power between the ground node GND and the power supply node VP.
- the capacitor 122 may be connected between the power supply node VP and the ground node GND. The capacitor 122 may discharge the AC component transmitted to the power supply node VP to the ground node GND.
- the inverter 123 can receive DC power from the power supply node VP and the ground node GND.
- the inverter 123 may receive the switching signals SW from the controller 125.
- the inverter 123 can convert the direct current power into the second alternating current power in response to the switching signals SW.
- the second AC power may be supplied to the load 140 through the impedance matching circuit 130.
- Impedance matching circuit 130 may provide a match to the impedance of load 140.
- the controller 125 may deliver the switching signals SW to the inverter 123.
- the controller 125 may control the switching signals SW so that the inverter 123 converts the direct current power to the second alternating current power.
- the controller 125 may also control the switching signals SW to adjust the amount of power (e.g., the amount of power) supplied from the inverter 123 to the load 140.
- the controller 125 may control the switching signals SW to supply power through a powering period and a freewheeling period, according to an embodiment of the present invention. have.
- the power ring section and the free wheeling section are described in more detail below.
- the inverter 123 may include first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4, and first to fourth diodes D1 to D4.
- the first and second transistors TR1 and TR2 may be connected in series between the power supply node VP and the ground node GND.
- the first diode D1 may be connected in parallel with the first transistor TR1 and the second diode D2 may be connected in parallel with the second transistor TR2.
- the third and fourth transistors TR3 and TR4 may be connected in series between the ground node GND and the power supply node VP.
- the third diode D3 may be connected in parallel with the third transistor TR3 and the fourth diode D4 may be connected in parallel with the fourth transistor TR4.
- the first to fourth diodes D1 to D4 may be body diodes or Schottky diodes.
- the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 may be respectively transmitted to the gates of the first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4. That is, the first through fourth transistors TR1 through TR4 may operate in response to the first through fourth switching signals SW1 through SW4, respectively.
- the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 may correspond to the switching signals SW shown in Fig.
- the node between the first and second transistors TR1 and TR2 and the node between the third and fourth transistors TR3 and TR4 may be output nodes.
- the output nodes may deliver the output voltage VO to the impedance matching circuit 130 and the load 140.
- the output nodes may deliver the output current IO to the impedance matching circuit 130 and the load 140.
- the impedance matching circuit 130 may include a capacitor C.
- the internal configuration of the impedance matching circuit 130 is not limited to one capacitor.
- the load 140 may be an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device.
- the load 140 may be modeled as an inductor Lpla and a resistor Rpla.
- the capacitor C, the inductor Lpla and the resistor Rpla may be connected in series between the output nodes of the inverter 123.
- the controller 125 controls the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4.
- the horizontal axes indicate the time T
- the vertical axes indicate the first through fourth switching signals SW1 through SW4 and the output voltage
- the unit of the vertical axes may be the voltage (V). 1 to 3
- the first and third switching signals SW1 and SW3 are controlled in one pair
- the second and fourth switching signals SW2 and SW4 are controlled in a pair .
- the third switching signal SW3 may also have a high level.
- the third switching signal SW3 may also have a low level.
- the fourth switching signal SW4 may also have a high level.
- the fourth switching signal SW4 may also have a low level.
- the first and third switching signals SW1 and SW3 and the second and fourth switching signals SW2 and SW4 may be complementarily controlled. For example, when the first and third switching signals SW1 and SW3 have a high level, the second and fourth switching signals SW2 and SW4 may have a low level. When the first and third switching signals SW1 and SW3 have a low level, the second and fourth switching signals SW2 and SW4 may have a high level.
- the transistor to which a particular switching signal is delivered When a particular switching signal has a high level, the transistor to which a particular switching signal is delivered may be turned on. When a particular switching signal has a low level, the transistor to which a particular switching signal is delivered may be turned off.
- the first transistor TR1 is turned on when the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 are turned on and the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 are turned off, And the third transistor TR3 may transmit the voltage of the ground node GND.
- the output voltage VO has a positive value
- the output current IO can have a positive value. That is, the output current can flow in the direction shown in Fig.
- the second transistor TR2 When the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 are turned off and the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 are turned on, the second transistor TR2 is turned on, And the fourth transistor TR4 may transmit the voltage of the power supply node VP. Therefore, the output voltage VO may have a negative value, and the output current IO may have a negative value. That is, the output current can flow in the reverse direction of the direction shown in Fig.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which a dead time DT is added to the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4.
- the horizontal axes indicate time T
- the vertical axes indicate first through fourth switching signals SW1 through SW4 and output voltage VO
- the unit of vertical axes may be voltage V.
- the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 all have low levels. That is, the first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4 are turned off.
- the dead time DT can prevent the power supply node VP and the ground node GND from being short-circuited.
- the output voltage VO may have a level determined according to the voltage and current before the dead time DT and the operation timing of the first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4.
- the dead time DT is omitted and the first to fourth switching signals SW1 To SW4 and the output voltage VO are shown. Even if the dead time DT is not explicitly shown or mentioned, it is not interpreted that the dead time DT is intended to be nonexistent.
- FIG. 5 shows the waveforms of the output voltage VO and the output current IO according to the flow of time T when the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO coincides with the resonant frequency f0 of the load 140 Show examples. 1, 2 and 5, when the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO coincides with the frequency f0 of the load 140, the phase of the output voltage Vo and the phase of the output current IO Can be matched.
- the resonant frequency f0 of the load 140 can be determined by the inductor Lpla of the load 140 and the capacitor C of the impedance matching circuit 130. [ The resonant frequency f0 of the load 140 can be determined by Equation (1).
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the waveforms of the output voltage VO and the output current IO according to the flow of time T when the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO is lower than the resonance frequency fo of the load 140 Lt; / RTI > 1, 2 and 5, when the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO is lower than the resonance frequency f0 of the load 140, the phase of the output voltage VO becomes the output current IO, Can be out of phase.
- FIG. 7 shows the operation state of the inverter 123 when the output voltage VO transits from the high level to the low level according to the waveform of Fig. Referring to Figures 4, 6 and 7, when the output voltage VO transitions from a high level to a low level, there can be a dead time DT. During the dead time DT, the first through fourth transistors TR1 through TR4 may be turned off.
- the output current IO flows from the load 140 and the impedance matching circuit 130 to the inverter 123.
- the second and fourth diodes D2 and D4 do not pass the current
- the first and third diodes D1 and D3 pass the current. That is, if the phase of the output voltage VO is later than the phase of the output current IO, the output current IO flows from the load 140 and the impedance matching circuit 130 to the inverter 123 during the dead time DT. Flows.
- Unnecessary power consumption may occur as the output current IO flows.
- the output voltage VO of the inverter 123 maintains the voltage difference between the power supply node VP and the ground node GND.
- the output voltage VO is applied to both ends of each of the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4.
- the second and fourth transistors TR1 and TR2 are turned on in a state where a high voltage (e.g., an output voltage VO) is applied to both ends of each of the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 TR2, TR4) are turned on. This is unnecessary stress applied to the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4, and can degrade the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4.
- a high voltage e.g., an output voltage VO
- the same phenomenon may occur in the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3.
- unnecessary power consumption occurs and stress is generated in the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 .
- FIG. 9 shows the operation state of the inverter 123 when the output voltage VO transits from the high level to the low level according to the waveform of Fig. Referring to Figs. 4, 8 and 9, when the output voltage VO transitions from a high level to a low level, there may be a dead time DT. During the dead time DT, the first through fourth transistors TR1 through TR4 may be turned off.
- the output current IO flows from the inverter 123 toward the impedance matching circuit 130 and the load 140 since the output current IO has a positive value. Due to the direction of the output current IO, the output current IO can not flow through the first to fourth diodes D1 to D4. Instead, the output current IO may flow through the parasitic capacitors (not shown) of the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3.
- the voltage between both ends of each of the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 may increase by the voltage difference between the power supply node VP and the ground node GND.
- parasitic resonance by the parasitic capacitors (not shown) of the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 and the parasitic inductors (not shown) of the wirings when the output current IO flows, Can occur.
- the parasitic resonance increases together with the magnitude of the output current IO, which causes high frequency switching noise.
- the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 are turned off at the dead time DT while the output current flows through the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3. This can act as a stress on the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4, when the output voltage VO transits from the low level to the high level, the same high frequency switching noise and stress are applied to the second and fourth transistors TR2 , TR4).
- the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO and the resonant frequency f0 of the load 140 are different from each other, stress is applied to the first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4 or unnecessary power consumption May occur.
- the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO should be controlled to be similar to the resonant frequency f0 of the load 140 in order to improve the reliability of the power supply 120 and improve the performance.
- the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO is slightly higher than the resonance frequency f0 of the load 140 (for example, about 0.1 to 10%).
- the instantaneous magnitude of the output current IO in the dead time DT state of Fig. 8 becomes a small positive value For example, 0.1% to 10% of the maximum value).
- the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 are turned off in a state in which a minute current flows, the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 are turned on The applied stress can be ignored.
- the voltage across the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 corresponds to the voltage difference between the power supply node VP and the ground node GND .
- both ends of each of the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 decrease to 0 V (or a similar low voltage) as the output current IO flows. That is, when the dead time DT is terminated and the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 are turned on, the voltage across the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 is 0 V, 2 and the fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 can be ignored.
- the phase of the output voltage VO is finer than the phase of the output current IO (for example, from 0.1% to 10%)
- ZVZCS Zero Voltage nearly Zero Current Switching
- the switching operation can be performed.
- the first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4 of the inverter 123 can be stably controlled.
- the controller 125 according to the embodiment of the present invention can control the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 according to ZVZCS.
- the power supplied to the load 140 for example the amount of power
- various methods can be used. 10 shows an example of a method of controlling power according to DC voltage conversion. Referring to FIG. 10, the maximum value of the output voltage VO can be adjusted according to the DC voltage conversion.
- the phase difference between the output voltage VO and the output current IO can be adjusted according to the phase conversion.
- the area of the overlapping region decreases due to the phase difference between the output voltage VO and the output current IO, the power supplied to the load 140 decreases.
- the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO the power supplied to the load 140 can be regulated.
- the power is adjusted by adjusting the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO, the power can be adjusted relatively quickly.
- stress may be applied to the first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4 . Therefore, the stability of the inverter 123 may be deteriorated.
- the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 and the output voltage VO are adjusted in accordance with the pulse width modulation.
- the first and second switching signals SW1 and SW2 may have the same phases as those described with reference to FIG.
- the third and fourth switching signals SW3 and SW4 may have phases earlier than those described with reference to Fig.
- the output voltage VO has a high level when the first and third switching signals SW1 and SW3 together have a high level. If the phase of the third switching signal SW3 is higher than the phase of the first switching signal SW1, the interval in which the first and third switching signals SW1 and SW3 have a high level together is reduced. Therefore, the interval in which the output voltage VO has a high level is reduced.
- the output voltage VO has a low level when the second and fourth switching signals SW2 and SW4 together have a high level. If the phase of the fourth switching signal SW4 is higher than the phase of the second switching signal SW2, a period in which the second and fourth switching signals SW2 and SW4 together have a high level is reduced. Therefore, the interval in which the output voltage VO is low is reduced.
- Fig. 13 shows an example of a method in which power is controlled according to pulse width modulation.
- the pulse width modulation by the pulse width modulation, the pulse width of the output voltage VO can be adjusted.
- the power supplied to the load 140 is reduced.
- the power supplied to the load 140 can be regulated.
- the controller 125 may adjust the power (e.g., the amount of power) supplied to the load through the free wheeling insertion.
- the power e.g., the amount of power
- FIG. 14 six periods of the output voltage VO are shown. In order to explain the technical idea of the present invention, it is assumed that six cycles are unit time. However, the unit time for adjusting the amount of power is not limited to six periods of the output voltage VO.
- the controller 125 can control the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 in the manner described with reference to Fig. 3 or Fig.
- the output voltage VO can be continuously transited, and the output current IO can also be continuously transited.
- the controller 125 can control the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 according to the powering period and the free wheeling period.
- the powering interval may include first and second powering intervals P1 and P2.
- the controller 125 can control the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 in the manner described with reference to FIG. 3 or 4 have.
- the free wheeling interval may include a first free wheeling interval F1.
- the controller 125 controls the first to fourth switching signals SW1 to SW4 (for example, to have the ground level) so that the output voltage VO does not have the high level and the low level Can be controlled.
- the controller 125 may maintain the first through fourth switching signals SW1 through SW4 at low levels.
- the amount of current of the output current IO of the first freewheeling period F1 is smaller than the amount of the output current IO of the first and second power ring periods P1 and P2 since the output voltage VO is not supplied. Can be written down.
- the inverter 123 supplies power to the load 140 in the first and second powering periods P1 and P2 and does not supply power to the load 140 in the first freewheeling period F1.
- the controller 125 can control the amount of power supplied to the load 140 during a unit time by adjusting the total length of the powering section and the total length of the freewheeling section during a unit time. As the free-wheeling section becomes longer, the amount of power supplied to the load 140 decreases. As the freewheeling section is shortened, the amount of power supplied to the load 140 may increase. Illustratively, the amount of power P can be calculated according to equation (2).
- VVP indicates the voltage of the power supply node VP.
- N denotes the number of total cycles included in the unit time.
- n denotes the number of all freewheeling intervals included in the unit time.
- the freewheeling interval is adjusted in units of half a period, N and n can be changed to the number of half periods.
- the amount of power P can be adjusted according to the length of the powering period, that is, the length of the free-wheeling period.
- the freewheeling period can be distinguished from the dead time (DT, see FIG. 4) in that it has a length at least equal to half a period of the output voltage VO.
- the dead time DT may be shorter than the half period of the output voltage VO.
- step S110 the controller 125 may receive information on a target amount of power (or amount of current).
- the controller 125 can receive the target amount of power (or the amount of current) through communication with the external device or through a user terminal that receives information from the user.
- step S120 the controller 125 determines whether the target amount of power is less than the current amount of power. If the target power amount is less than the current power amount, the controller 125 may add a free wheeling cell in step S130.
- a free-wheeling cell may be used to increase the length of the free-wheeling interval and may include a free-wheeling interval corresponding to at least one half-period. As the free-wheeling cell is added, the powering interval of the corresponding length during the unit time can be reduced. Thereafter, the controller 125 may perform step S160.
- the controller 125 can determine whether the target power amount is greater than the current power amount in step S140. If the target power amount is greater than the current power amount, the controller 125 may decrease the free wheeling cell in step S150. For example, the controller 125 may reduce the freewheeling cell by one for a unit time, and the powering interval of the corresponding length may be increased. Thereafter, the controller 125 may perform step S160.
- step S160 the controller 125 determines whether the target power amount is equal to the current power amount. If the target power amount is not equal to the current power amount, the controller 125 may perform step S120. If the target power amount is equal to the current power amount, the controller 125 can terminate the power control. Illustratively, if the current amount of power is a power supply system 100 that varies with environmental changes, the controller 125 may return to step S110 to continue power supply monitoring instead of terminating power regulation.
- step S210 the controller 125 may receive information on a target power amount (or a target power amount).
- step S220 the controller 125 may calculate the difference between the target power amount and the current power amount.
- step S230 the controller 125 may adjust the number of freewheeling cells according to the calculated difference.
- the controller 125 may store a look-up table indicating the number of freewheeling cells that should be increased or decreased in accordance with the difference in the amount of power.
- the controller 125 can adjust the number of freewheeling cells with reference to a look-up table.
- the controller 125 may include an operator that computes a function that calculates the number of freewheeling cells that should be increased or decreased in accordance with the difference in the amount of power.
- the controller 125 may adjust the number of freewheeling cells using an operator.
- step S310 the controller 125 may receive information on a target power amount (or a target power amount).
- step S320 the controller 125 may calculate the difference between the target power amount and the current power amount as an error value.
- step S330 the controller 125 determines whether the current error value (e.g., the error value calculated in step S320 of the current loop), the previous error values (e.g., the error values calculated in one or more previous loops ), And Proportional-Integral-Derivation (PID) gain factors.
- the number of freewheeling cells may be calculated according to Equation (3).
- n [k] indicates the number of cycles of the current loop, i.e., the powering interval included in the current unit time.
- n [k-1] indicates the number of cycles of the immediately preceding loop, i.e., the powering interval included in the previous unit time.
- e [k] indicates the error value calculated in the current loop, that is, the current unit time.
- e [k-1] indicates the error value calculated in the first previous loop, i.e., the first previous unit time.
- e [k-2] indicates the error value calculated in the second previous loop, that is, the second previous unit time.
- Kp, Ki, and Kd refer to PID gain factors.
- step S340 the controller 125 determines whether the adjustment is ended. For example, the controller 125 can determine whether the error value of the current loop falls within a predetermined range. If the error value of the current loop falls within a predetermined range, the controller 125 can terminate the adjustment of the amount of power. If the error value of the current loop does not fall within the predetermined range, the controller 125 can perform the next loop.
- one loop may include steps S320 and S330.
- the amount of power supplied to the load 140 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the free-wheeling interval (or powering interval) included in the unit time. Since the free wheeling insertion is performed by adjusting the timing at which the first to fourth switches SW1 and SW2 are at the high level, a complicated device is not required, and the output voltage Vo and the output current IO Can be easily performed while maintaining the phase difference.
- FIG. 18 shows examples in which power is consumed according to a quality factor.
- the horizontal axes indicate time T
- the vertical axes indicate output voltage VO and output current IO.
- the first line L1 indicates the output current IO when the quality factor Q is 15, the second line L2 indicates the quality factor Q, 5 " of the output current IO.
- the quality factor Q can be determined by the capacitor C of the impedance matching circuit 130 and the resistance Rpla of the load 140 and the inductor Lpla.
- the quality factor (Q) can be calculated by Equation (4).
- the inverter 123 enters the freewheeling period under the control of the controller 125.
- the output of the inverter 125 is cut off, the amount of current supplied to the load 140 begins to decrease.
- the output current IO no longer flows.
- the first line L1 and the second line L2 when the quality factor Q is low, the output current IO is cut off more quickly. That is, the charged power is consumed more quickly.
- Equation (5) Denotes the resonant frequency of the load (140). t indicates time. and? denotes the phase of the output current IO. Ipeak indicates the peak value of the output current IO of the power ring section. denotes the time constant, and can be calculated by Equation (6).
- T denotes one period of the output voltage VO or the output current IO.
- the output current IO has an envelope that decreases exponentially depending on the time constant? After the first time T1.
- the time point at which the magnitude of the envelope of the output current IO decreases to 10% of the maximum value is 0.73 QT.
- the length of the freewheeling period may have an upper limit of 0.73 QT.
- the upper limit of the freewheeling interval may be determined by the quality factor Q and the period of the output voltage VO or the output current IO.
- the upper limit of the freewheeling interval may also change in real time. In this case, the upper limit of the freewheeling period may be determined based on the time when the quality factor Q is lowest.
- the quality factor Q may change in real time while the load 140 is operating, and the lower limit of the quality factor Q may be 5.
- the upper limit of the free-wheeling interval may be 3.65T.
- the upper limit of the free wheeling interval may be determined to be 3.65 T regardless of what state the load 140 is in and regardless of which value the quality factor Q of the load 140 has.
- the controller 125 may divide the free-wheeling interval into two or more intervals. 20 shows an example in which two or more free wheeling sections are arranged. 1, 2 and 20, the controller 125 may arrange a first freewheeling interval F1 between the first and second power ring intervals P1 and P2. The controller 125 may arrange a second freewheeling interval F2 between the second and third powering intervals P2 and P3.
- a first power may be present in the load 140 when the load 140 is fully charged.
- the second power may be present in the load 140 when the power charged in the load 140 by the free wheeling period is exhausted.
- the power charged in the load 140 may be less than the first power even if the load 140 is charged for one period after the free wheeling period (i.e., by the powering interval).
- the controller 140 may set the upper limit of the first freewheeling interval F1 and the upper limit of the second freewheeling interval F2 differently.
- the controller 125 may set the upper limit of the second freewheeling interval F2 to be shorter than the upper limit of the first freewheeling interval F1.
- the controller 125 may set a lower limit to the second powering interval P2 between the first and second freewheeling intervals F1 and F2.
- the controller 125 may set the lower limit of the second powering interval P2 so that the power of the load 140 rises to the first power during the second powering interval P2.
- Fig. 21 shows examples of the power ring cell PC and the freewheeling cells FC1 to FC3.
- the powering cell PC may include one period in which the output voltage VO swings full swing.
- the first freewheeling cell FC1 may include one period in which the output voltage VO is at the ground level.
- the second freewheeling cell FC3 may have a half period in which the output voltage VO is at the ground level and a half period in which the output voltage VO is in the low level.
- the third freewheeling cell FC3 may include a half-cycle in which the output voltage VO is a high level and a half-cycle in which the output voltage VO is a ground level.
- the controller 125 can more precisely adjust the amount of power supplied to the load 140 by selecting the freewheeling cell among the first to third freewheeling cells FC1 to FC3.
- inverter 123 can supply a power of one.
- the inverter 123 can supply an amount of power of zero.
- the inverter 123 can supply a power amount of 0.5.
- the controller 125 can adjust the amount of power supplied to the load 140 in a plurality of steps by combining the power ring cell PC and the first to third freewheeling cells FC1 to FC3.
- the freewheeling cell may include at least one half-period in which the output voltage VO is a high level or a low level.
- inverter 123 supplies power to load 140. Therefore, the load 140 can be prevented from being turned off by the freewheeling period without setting the upper limit of the freewheeling period as described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 19.
- Fig. 22 shows other examples of the powering cell PC and the freewheeling cells FC1 to FC5.
- each of the power ring cell PC and the freewheeling cells FC1 to FC5 may include two periods of an output voltage VO or an output current IO.
- the freewheeling cells FC1 to FC5 include at least one half-period in which the output voltage VO has a high level or a low level, and at least one half-period in which the output voltage VO has a ground level.
- the freewheeling cells FC1 to FC5 may have various patterns.
- the patterns of the output voltage VO of the freewheeling cells FC1 to FC5 are not limited. Further, the number of periods of the output voltage VO or the output current IO included in each of the freewheeling cells FC1 to FC5 is not limited.
- Figure 23 shows an example where ripple is generated by powering cells and freewheeling cells.
- the horizontal axis indicates time T and the vertical axis indicates output voltage VO or output current IO.
- the red line indicates the output voltage VO
- the blue line indicates the output current IO.
- the controller 125 can continuously arrange freewheeling cells FC and successively arrange powering cells PC.
- the freewheeling cells FC are arranged in succession, the density of the output voltage Vo decreases and the amount of the output current IO decreases.
- the powering cells PC are arranged in succession, the density of the output voltage Vo increases and the amount of current of the output current IO increases.
- Fig. 24 shows an example in which ripple is suppressed at the output current IO. 24, the horizontal axis indicates time T and the vertical axis indicates output voltage VO or output current IO. 24, the red line indicates the output voltage VO, and the blue line indicates the output current IO.
- the controller 125 places the free-wheeling cell FC next to the powering cell PC, and then the power-ring cell FC after the free- PC) can be arranged.
- the controller 125 may alternately arrange the free wheeling interval included in the free wheeling cell FC and the power ring interval included in the power ring cell PC.
- the freewheeling cell FC and the powering cell PC are alternately arranged, the ripple of the output current IO is suppressed, and the amount of power can be easily calculated.
- FIG. 25 shows an inverter 123 ', an impedance matching circuit 130, and a load 140 according to an application example of the present invention.
- the inverter 123 ' may include first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4, first to fourth diodes D1 to D4, and an inductor Lzvs. have.
- the inverter 123 'further includes an inductor Lzvs.
- the inductor Lzvs may be connected between the output nodes to which the output voltage VO is output.
- the current flowing through the inductor Lzvs may be the inductor current Izvs.
- the first to fourth transistors TR1 to TR4 and the first to fourth diodes D1 to D4 are the same as those described with reference to FIG. 2 and can operate in the same manner.
- Fig. 26 shows the change of the output current IO and the inductor current Izvs according to the flow of time T.
- the phase of the output voltage VO may coincide with the phase of the output current IO.
- the inductor current Izvs can act as a counter electromotive force of the output current IO.
- the inductor current Izvs has a negative value when the output current IO rises and the inductor current Ivzs can have a positive value when the output current IO decreases.
- the output current IO does not flow during the dead time DT (see FIG. 4) at which the output voltage VO transits from the high level to the low level .
- a positive current flows in the inverter 123 'by the inductor current Izvs.
- the output current IO may not flow during the dead time when the output voltage VO transits from the low level to the high level.
- a negative current flows in the inverter 123 'by the inductor current Izvs.
- ZVZCS Zero Voltage nearly Zero Current Switching
- Fig. 27 shows a change in the inductor current Izvs when the output voltage VO has a freewheeling period.
- a powering period of one period and a freewheeling period of one period can be alternately arranged.
- the inductor current (Izvs) can be calculated according to Equation (7).
- Iini denotes an initial current.
- the inductor current (Izvs) remains negative. Since the total sum (or average current) of the inductor currents Izvs must be zero, the absolute value of the positive peak value of the inductor current Izvs may be greater than the absolute value of the negative peak value. If the amount of the inductor current Izvs flowing during the dead time DT is different, the inverter 123 'may operate unevenly. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of current of the inductor current Izvs flowing during the dead time DT is uniform.
- one freewheeling cell in FIG. 27 may comprise one period in which the output voltage VO has a ground level.
- Figure 27 shows three powering cells and freewheeling cells.
- one freewheeling cell may include one period in which the output voltage VO has a high level and a low level, and one period in which the output voltage VO has a ground level.
- FIG. 27 shows three freewheeling cells.
- Fig. 28 shows another example of the change in the inductor current Izvs when the output voltage VO has a freewheeling period. Referring to FIGS. 1, 25, and 28, a powering period of a half period and a freewheeling period of a half period can be alternately arranged. In Fig. 28, the positive peak value and the negative peak value of the inductor current Izvs coincide with each other.
- the output current IO has a positive value.
- the phases of the output voltage VO and the output current IO are opposite to each other, power is supplied from the load 140 to the inverter 123. [ This may cause unnecessary power consumption and may cause the load 140 to turn off. Therefore, it is preferable that the phases of the output voltage VO and the output current IO have the same sign.
- the freewheeling cell may include a half-cycle with the output voltage VO having a high level, a half-cycle with a ground level, a half-cycle with a low level, and a half-cycle with a ground level.
- FIG. 28 may show three freewheeling cells.
- Fig. 29 shows another example of the change in the inductor current Izvs when the output voltage VO has a freewheeling period.
- one freewheeling cell may include four periods. Two free-wheeling cells are shown in Fig.
- the freewheeling cell includes one cycle in which the output voltage VO has a high level and a low level, one cycle in which the output voltage VO is a ground level, one cycle in which the output voltage VO is a high level and a ground level, VO may be one level that is a ground level and a low level.
- the positive peak value and the negative peak value of the inductor current (Izvs) coincide.
- the sign of the output voltage VO coincides with the sign of the output current IO.
- the controller 125 controls the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO so that the frequency fsw of the output voltage VO coincides with the resonance frequency f0 of the load 140 .
- ZVZCS can be achieved by an inductor (Lzvs).
- the controller 125 may control the freewheeling cells to match the positive peak value of the inductor current Izvs with the positive peak value.
- the controller 125 may control the freewheeling cells so that the sign of the output voltage VO matches the sign of the output current IO.
- an inverter 123 '' includes first and second transistors TR1 and TR2, first and second diodes D1 and D2, and first and second capacitors (C1, C2).
- the impedance matching circuit 130 includes a capacitor C and the load 140 can be modeled as an inductor Lpla and a resistor Rpla.
- the first capacitor C1 instead of the third transistor TR3, the third transistor TR3 and the third diode D3
- a second capacitor C2 is disposed instead of the fourth transistor TR4 and the fourth diode D4.
- Each of the first and second capacitors C1 and C2 has a capacitance large enough to have a both-end voltage that is substantially DC.
- the inverter 123 " of FIG. 30 may be a half bridge type having a half of the output voltage range as compared to the inverter 123 of FIG. 2 and having half the switches and switching signals.
- the technical concept of the present invention for adjusting the powering period and the freewheeling period described with reference to Figs. 14 to 24 can be similarly applied to the inverter 123 '' of Fig.
- the inductor Lzvs can be applied to the inverter 123 '' as in the inverter 123 '.
- the power supply control (or supply) method described with reference to Figs. 26 to 29 can be equally applied to the inverter 123 '' of Fig.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 직류 전원을 교류 전원으로 변환하는 인버터;상기 교류 전원을 부하에 공급하는 임피던스 정합 회로; 그리고상기 인버터가 상기 교류 전원을 출력하는 파워링(powering) 구간 및 상기 인버터가 상기 교류 전원을 출력하지 않는 프리휠링(freewheeling) 구간의 배치를 조절하여, 상기 인버터가 상기 임피던스 정합 회로를 통해 상기 부하로 공급하는 전력량을 조절하는 제어기를 포함하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인버터가 공급하는 상기 전력량이 목표 전력량보다 크면, 상기 제어기는 상기 프리휠링 구간이 증가하도록 상기 인버터를 제어하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인버터가 공급하는 상기 전력량이 목표 전력량보다 작으면, 상기 제어기는 상기 프리휠링 구간이 감소하도록 상기 인버터를 제어하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 상기 인버터가 공급하는 상기 전력량이 목표 전력량과 같아질 때까지, 상기 프리휠링 구간을 단계적으로 증가 또는 감소시키는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 상기 인버터가 공급하는 상기 전력량과 목표 전력량의 차이를 검출하고, 상기 인버터가 공급하는 상기 전력량이 목표 전력량과 같아지도록 상기 검출된 차이에 따라 상기 프리휠링 구간을 조절하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 상기 인버터가 공급하는 상기 전력량과 목표 전력량의 차이를 에러값으로 계산하고, 현재 에러값, 이전 에러값들, 그리고 비례-미분-적분(PID, Proportional Integral Derivation) 계수들을 이용하여 상기 프리휠링 구간을 조절하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 상기 프리휠링 구간의 길이를 문턱값 이하로 제한하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 문턱값은 상기 임피던스 정합 회로 및 상기 부하의 품질 인자(Quality factor) 및 상기 교류 전원의 주기에 따라 결정되는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 적어도 하나의 반주기 동안 상기 교류 전원을 공급하는 파워링 셀 및 적어도 하나의 반주기 동안에 상기 교류 전원을 공급하지 않는 프리휠링 셀을 배치하여 상기 파워링 구간 및 상기 프리휠링 구간의 배치를 조절하는 전원 공급 장치
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 상기 파워링 셀과 상기 프리휠링 셀을 교대로 배치하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 상기 프리휠링 셀이 연속적으로 배치되는 횟수를 문턱값 이하로 제한하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 적어도 하나의 주기 동안 상기 교류 전원을 공급하는 파워링 셀 및 적어도 하나의 주기 동안에 상기 교류 전원을 공급하는 구간과 상기 교류 전원을 공급하지 않는 구간을 포함하는 프리휠링 셀을 배치하여 상기 파워링 구간 및 상기 프리휠링 구간의 배치를 조절하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 부하는 유도 결합 플라스마(ICP, Inductively Coupled Plasma)인 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 제1 반주기 동안 양의 전원을 공급하고, 제2 반주기 동안 전원을 공급하지 않고, 제3 반주기 동안 음의 전원을 공급하고, 그리고 제4 반주기 동안 전원을 공급하지 않도록 상기 인버터를 제어하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 제1 반주기 동안 양의 전원을 공급하고, 제2 반주기 동안 음의 전원을 공급하고, 제3 및 제4 반주기들 동안 전원을 공급하지 않고, 제5 반주기 동안 양의 전원을 공급하고, 제6 및 제7 반주기들 동안 전원을 공급하지 않고, 그리고 제8 반주기 동안 음의 전원을 공급하도록 상기 인버터를 제어하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인버터는,전원 노드와 제1 출력 노드 사이에 병렬 연결된 제1 트랜지스터 및 제1 다이오드;상기 제1 출력 노드와 접지 노드 사이에 병렬 연결된 제2 트랜지스터 및 제2 다이오드;상기 접지 노드와 제2 출력 노드 사이에 병렬 연결된 제3 트랜지스터 및 제3 다이오드;상기 전원 노드와 상기 제2 출력 노드 사이에 병렬 연결된 제4 트랜지스터 및 제4 다이오드; 그리고상기 제1 출력 노드와 상기 제2 출력 노드 사이에 연결된 인덕터를 포함하고,상기 제1 출력 노드 및 상기 제2 출력 노드는 상기 임피던스 정합 회로와 연결되고,상기 제어기는 상기 제1 내지 제4 트랜지스터들의 게이트들의 전압들을 각각 제어하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 상기 교류 전원의 전압과 전류의 부호가 일치하도록, 그리고 상기 인덕터를 통해 흐르는 전류의 양의 피크값과 음의 피크값이 일치하도록 상기 인버터를 제어하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어기는 상기 파워링 구간 및 상기 프리휠링 구간을 교대로 배치하는 전원 공급 장치.
- 부하에 전원을 공급하는 방법에 있어서:목표 전력량을 수신하는 단계;부하에 공급되는 전력량과 상기 목표 전력량을 비교하는 단계;비교 결과에 따라 상기 목표 전력량과 상기 전력량이 같아지도록, 상기 부하에 상기 교류 전원을 공급하는 파워링(powering) 구간 및 상기 부하에 상기 교류 전원을 공급하지 않는 프리휠링(freewheeling) 구간을 조절하는 단계; 그리고상기 조절된 파워링 구간 및 프리휠링 구간에 따라 상기 부하에 전원을 공급하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제19항에 있어서,상기 전력량이 상기 목표 전력량과 같아질 때까지, 상기 파워링 구간과 상기 프리휠링 구간이 조절되는 방법.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP18820651.0A EP3644490A4 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-06-11 | POWER SUPPLY DEVICE AND METHOD OF SUPPLYING ELECTRICITY TO A LOAD |
| US16/099,660 US11290028B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-06-11 | Power supply and method of supplying power to load |
| CN201880026829.5A CN110574276B (zh) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-06-11 | 供电装置和向负载供电的方法 |
| JP2019555832A JP6882798B2 (ja) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-06-11 | 電源供給装置及び負荷に電源を供給する方法 |
| US17/674,148 US11632061B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2022-02-17 | Power supply and method of supplying power to load |
| US18/185,994 US11909331B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2023-03-17 | Power supply and method of supplying power to load |
| US18/409,133 US12155320B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2024-01-10 | Power supply and method of supplying power to load |
| US18/926,516 US20250047216A1 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2024-10-25 | Power Supply and Method of Supplying Power To Load |
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| KR10-2017-0079847 | 2017-06-23 | ||
| KR1020170079847A KR101957575B1 (ko) | 2017-06-23 | 2017-06-23 | 전원 공급 장치 및 부하에 전원을 공급하는 방법 |
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| US16/099,660 Continuation US11290028B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-06-11 | Power supply and method of supplying power to load |
| US18/185,994 Continuation US11909331B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2023-03-17 | Power supply and method of supplying power to load |
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| US (5) | US11290028B2 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP3644490A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP6882798B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR101957575B1 (ko) |
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| WO (1) | WO2018236087A1 (ko) |
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| US10063104B2 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2018-08-28 | Witricity Corporation | PWM capacitor control |
| US10896806B2 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2021-01-19 | En2Core Technology, Inc. | Inductive coil structure and inductively coupled plasma generation system |
| US20240204551A1 (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-20 | Apple Inc. | Buck-fed quasi-resonant current multiplier |
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- 2018-06-11 CN CN201880026829.5A patent/CN110574276B/zh active Active
- 2018-06-11 EP EP18820651.0A patent/EP3644490A4/en active Pending
- 2018-06-11 JP JP2019555832A patent/JP6882798B2/ja active Active
- 2018-06-11 US US16/099,660 patent/US11290028B2/en active Active
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2022
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2023
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2024
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20230231497A1 (en) | 2023-07-20 |
| US20240146211A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
| EP3644490A1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
| KR20190000624A (ko) | 2019-01-03 |
| US11632061B2 (en) | 2023-04-18 |
| US20210226556A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
| US11290028B2 (en) | 2022-03-29 |
| EP3644490A4 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
| JP6882798B2 (ja) | 2021-06-02 |
| KR101957575B1 (ko) | 2019-03-13 |
| CN110574276A (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
| US11909331B2 (en) | 2024-02-20 |
| US12155320B2 (en) | 2024-11-26 |
| CN110574276B (zh) | 2021-07-09 |
| US20220173670A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
| JP2020517226A (ja) | 2020-06-11 |
| US20250047216A1 (en) | 2025-02-06 |
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