WO2019000402A1 - 用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置与温度测量方法 - Google Patents

用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置与温度测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019000402A1
WO2019000402A1 PCT/CN2017/091121 CN2017091121W WO2019000402A1 WO 2019000402 A1 WO2019000402 A1 WO 2019000402A1 CN 2017091121 W CN2017091121 W CN 2017091121W WO 2019000402 A1 WO2019000402 A1 WO 2019000402A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
temperature
temperature measuring
cermet
measuring device
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/091121
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢淇先
张玖
梅国晖
梁斌
孙杰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenyang Taco Blue-Tech Co Ltd
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Shenyang Taco Blue-Tech Co Ltd
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Application filed by Shenyang Taco Blue-Tech Co Ltd filed Critical Shenyang Taco Blue-Tech Co Ltd
Priority to EP17915952.0A priority Critical patent/EP3640614A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/091121 priority patent/WO2019000402A1/zh
Priority to US16/627,666 priority patent/US11536611B2/en
Priority to RU2020103923A priority patent/RU2722479C1/ru
Publication of WO2019000402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019000402A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0037—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the heat emitted by liquids
    • G01J5/004—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the heat emitted by liquids by molten metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
    • B22D2/006—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the temperature of the molten metal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/04—Casings
    • G01J5/046—Materials; Selection of thermal materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0818—Waveguides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0887—Integrating cavities mimicking black bodies, wherein the heat propagation between the black body and the measuring element does not occur within a solid; Use of bodies placed inside the fluid stream for measurement of the temperature of gases; Use of the reemission from a surface, e.g. reflective surface; Emissivity enhancement by multiple reflections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
    • G01K1/12—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing damage due to heat overloading
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
    • G01K1/12—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing damage due to heat overloading
    • G01K1/125—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing damage due to heat overloading for siderurgical use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/20—Metals
    • G01N33/205—Metals in liquid state, e.g. molten metals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of temperature measurement, in particular to a temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method for measuring the temperature of a molten metal.
  • molten metal such as molten steel, molten iron
  • the temperature measurement of the molten metal is usually carried out by means of a platinum-rhodium thermocouple plus a protective tube.
  • the thermocouple is placed in the protective tube, and then the protective tube is inserted into the molten metal together with the internal thermocouple to realize continuous measurement of the temperature of the molten metal. Due to the high price of platinum-iridium thermocouples, the measurement cost is too high.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,684,105 B2 discloses a method of continuously measuring the temperature of molten steel and a temperature measuring tube.
  • the temperature measuring tube is composed of two sleeves which are open at one end and closed at one end.
  • the pipe body When in use, the pipe body is inserted into the molten steel to a certain depth. After the heat is balanced in the inside and outside of the pipe to be inserted into the molten steel, the inside of the part inserted into the molten steel forms an isothermal black body cavity, and the heat radiation of the cavity can be calculated by the thermometer.
  • the temperature of the molten steel isothermal black body cavity
  • the temperature measuring tube body adopts an inner and outer two-layer structure, the outer layer is an aluminum carbon refractory tube body A1, and the inner layer is a material tube body A2 such as corundum or zirconia, as shown in Fig. 1, resulting in a slow response speed.
  • the outer aluminum carbon refractory pipe body has low strength and high porosity.
  • Cid Patent Application Publication No. CN102221408A discloses an infrared for continuous measurement of molten steel Temperature measuring tube and its components, preparation method.
  • the inner hole of the temperature measuring tube body disclosed in the patent application is a stepped hole, and a heat conducting block is embedded in a larger hole at the lower end of the temperature measuring tube body, and the connecting tube is fixed at the upper end of the temperature measuring tube body.
  • the temperature measuring tube body is a chrome corundum refractory castable, and the heat conducting block is an aluminum carbon material. Rapid measurement of molten steel temperature is achieved by rapid heat transfer of the thermal block.
  • the technical solution of the patent is that when the temperature measuring tube body is just inserted into the molten steel, the cavity formed by the heat conducting block and the surrounding tube body is different due to different materials, different thermal property parameters, different shapes and sizes, and there are significant Non-isothermal distribution, the non-isothermal distribution and the uncertainty of the surface emissivity of the thermal block will lead to uncertainty in the measurement results, and it is difficult to ensure measurement accuracy.
  • the thickness of the thermally conductive block is 20 mm, and the thickness of this size will make heat transfer slower. Through heat transfer analysis and experimental verification, the temperature response time of this thickness is about 5 minutes, which is difficult to achieve fast response.
  • the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN1936524A discloses a tundish plug having a continuous temperature measuring function.
  • a stopper having a temperature measuring function is a temperature measuring device mounted on an existing stopper.
  • the conventional plugs described in this patent generally use aluminum carbon, magnesium carbon or zirconium carbon materials, as shown in FIG. 2, and the temperature measuring device described in the patent is an S-type or B-type thermocouple or a radiation temperature measuring device.
  • the technical solution of the patent is in that the existing plug rod is used as the temperature sensing component, and the wall thickness d 2 of the plug rod needs to reach about 60 mm to 100 mm to resist the strong flushing of the tundish steel water outlet, which will lead to significant The temperature measurement response is lagging. After heat transfer analysis and experimental testing, the temperature response time will reach more than 20 minutes, which is difficult to meet the requirements of continuous casting process control.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a temperature measuring device for measuring a temperature of a molten metal, comprising: a temperature sensing element, a support tube, a connecting tube, and an exhaust structure, wherein the temperature sensing element is a cermet tube having one end closed to the other end, The wall thickness of the cermet tube is smaller than the wall thickness of the support tube, and the cermet tube can sense the temperature of the molten metal and emit stable heat based on the principle of the black body cavity when the cermet tube protrudes into the molten metal Radiant energy; the open end of the cermet tube is fixedly connected to one end of the support tube, and the inside of the cermet tube communicates with the inside of the support tube, and the other end of the support tube is fixed to the connecting tube Connecting; the exhaust structure is configured to discharge the cermet tube and the flue gas inside the support tube.
  • the cermet tube has a wall thickness d of 1.0 mm to 10.0 mm.
  • the cermet tube, the support tube and the connecting tube are coaxial.
  • the material of the cermet tube is a metal-ceramic composite material made of metal powder and ceramic powder by powder metallurgy, and the composite material comprises W-ZrO 2 , Mo-ZrO 2 , Mo-MgO, One or more of W-Mo-ZrO 2 .
  • the material of the cermet tube comprises a metal having a volume content of 30% to 60%, a fully stabilized zirconia having a volume content of 30% to 60%, and a partially stabilized zirconia having a volume content of 5% to 30%. .
  • the outer surface of the cermet tube is provided with an oxidation preventing layer.
  • the support tube has a wall thickness of 15 mm to 100 mm; and/or the support tube has a length of 200 mm to 2200 mm.
  • the exhaust structure comprises an exhaust duct and an exhaust hole, and one end of the exhaust duct is disposed inside the support tube and respectively with an inner portion of the support tube and an inner portion of the cermet tube Connected to the exhaust hole, the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected to one end of the connecting pipe; the other end of the connecting pipe is connected to the infrared temperature measuring probe; when measuring the temperature of the molten metal, a purge gas blown into the connecting pipe can pass through the exhaust pipe into the cermet pipe and the inside of the support pipe to pass the flue gas through the gap between the exhaust pipe and the support pipe The exhaust hole is blown out.
  • a distance L 2 between the exhaust pipe and the cermet tube adjacent to the open end of the cermet tube is greater than or equal to 30 mm.
  • the exhaust hole comprises a through hole on the support pipe; and/or the exhaust hole comprises an exhaust groove on an inner wall of the support pipe and an outer wall of the connecting pipe. And/or the exhaust hole includes a passage formed by an exhaust groove on an outer wall of the connecting pipe and an inner wall of the support pipe; and/or the exhaust hole includes the connecting pipe Through hole.
  • the support tube comprises a hollow stopper rod.
  • the temperature measuring device further includes an infrared temperature detecting probe and a signal processor, the infrared temperature detecting probe is coaxially connected with the connecting tube and configured to receive the heat emitted by the cermet tube The radiant energy is converted into an electrical signal, and the signal processor processes the electrical signal and calculates the temperature of the molten metal.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a temperature measuring method for measuring a temperature of a molten metal, using the present invention
  • the temperature measuring device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature of the molten metal is measured, and when the temperature of the molten metal is measured, the temperature measuring device is inserted into the molten metal to a depth greater than or equal to 8 times the outer diameter of the cermet tube.
  • the temperature sensing element is a cermet tube whose wall thickness is thinner than that of the support tube, rapid heat transfer can be realized. And a stable black body cavity radiation, thereby enabling continuous measurement of the molten metal temperature with a faster response speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a temperature measuring tube of the patent US6846105B2 in the background art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an existing stopper rod for measuring the temperature of molten steel in the background CN1936524A.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal in a measuring state according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the configuration of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the structure of an exhaust hole of a measuring body of the temperature measuring device shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic view showing an exhaust hole of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring a temperature of a molten metal according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal in a measuring state according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Al-aluminum carbon material tube Al-aluminum carbon material tube, A2- corundum or zirconia material tube, 1-metal ceramic tube, 2-support tube, 3-exhaust tube, 4-connecting tube, 5-venting hole, 6-infrared Temperature probe, 7-signal processor, 8-nut, 9-intermediate, 10-steel.
  • spatially relative terms such as “above”, “above”, “on top”, “above”, etc., may be used herein to describe as in the drawings.
  • the exemplary term “above” can include both “over” and "under”.
  • the device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the corresponding description of the space used herein is explained accordingly.
  • the temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the molten metal includes a temperature sensing element, a support tube 2, a connecting tube 4, and an exhaust structure.
  • the temperature sensing element is a cermet tube 1 having one end closed at the other end.
  • the wall thickness of the cermet tube 1 is smaller than the wall thickness of the support tube 2.
  • the open end of the cermet tube 1 is fixedly connected to one end of the support tube 2 and the inside of the cermet tube 1 communicates with the inside of the support tube 2.
  • the other end of the support tube 2 is fixedly connected to the connecting tube 4.
  • the exhaust structure is for discharging the flue gas inside the cermet tube 1 and the support tube 2.
  • the temperature sensing element of the temperature measuring device is a cermet tube 1 made of a thin-walled cermet material, the material thereof has materials more than those commonly used in the prior art for molten metal temperature measuring devices, such as aluminum carbon refractories, magnesium carbon refractories. Higher strength and compactness of materials and zirconium carbon refractories, as well as excellent thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance, resulting in a significant increase in heat transfer rate.
  • the cermet tube 1 can quickly sense the temperature of the molten metal and emit stable heat radiant energy to form an in-line black body cavity, thereby enabling a faster response speed. Continuous measurement of molten metal temperature.
  • the cermet tube has a wall thickness of 1.0 mm to 10.0 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the cermet tube 1 may be 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm, 6.5 mm, 7.0 mm, 8.5 mm, 10.0 mm, or the like.
  • the wall thickness range makes the wall thickness of the cermet tube thin, so that the temperature of the molten metal can be perceived more quickly and a stable heat radiant energy can be emitted, thereby achieving a continuous measurement of the temperature of the molten metal.
  • the temperature measuring performance, the manufacturing cost and the service life of the temperature measuring device can be comprehensively balanced, and the overall performance of the temperature measuring device is optimized.
  • L 1 / ⁇ 0 may be 1 , 2 , 3, 4.5, 7, 8.5, 10 , 12, 15, 17, 18.5, 19, 20, and the like.
  • L 1 / ⁇ 0 is greater than or equal to 1.0, that is, the condition of the black body cavity is satisfied, and the effective emissivity of the cavity is close to 1, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement.
  • Proper control of the upper limit of the length of the portion of the cermet tube 1 exposed to the support tube 2 facilitates control of the production cost of the temperature measuring device.
  • the cermet tube 1, the support tube 2 and the connecting tube 4 are coaxial.
  • the coaxial connection helps to ensure the centering of the temperature measurement path.
  • the material of the cermet tube 1 is a composite material of metal and ceramic made of metal powder and ceramic powder by powder metallurgy, and the main components are W-ZrO 2 , Mo-ZrO 2 , Mo-MgO, W-Mo. One or more of -ZrO 2 .
  • the cermet has high strength, compactness and good resistance to molten metal corrosion, and has a high thermal diffusivity. It can be made into a thin-walled structure, and the response speed of the temperature measuring device is improved.
  • the cermet tube 1 is just inserted into the molten metal. At the beginning of the metal, the cermet tube 1 can quickly form an in-line black body cavity.
  • the material of the cermet tube 1 comprises a metal having a volume content of 30% to 60%, a fully stabilized zirconia having a volume content of 30% to 60%, and a partially stabilized zirconia having a volume content of 5% to 30%.
  • the outer surface of the cermet tube 1 is coated with an oxidation resistant coating.
  • the anti-oxidation coating prevents oxidation of the cermet tube 1 during preparation and use.
  • the support tube 2 has a wall thickness of 15 mm to 100 mm, for example, 15 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 65 mm, 80 mm, 95 mm, etc.; and/or the length of the support tube 2 is 200 mm to 2200 mm, for example, 250mm, 300mm, 500mm, 650mm, 800mm, 950mm, 1150mm, 1300mm, 1500mm, 1750mm, 1800mm, 1950mm, 2150mm, etc.
  • the support tube 2 has a reasonable wall thickness and/or length to ensure the overall strength and service life of the temperature measuring device and to measure the temperature in molten metal having different depths.
  • the material of the support tube 2 can be made of one or more of an aluminum carbon refractory material, a magnesium carbon refractory material, and a zirconium carbon refractory material used in the prior art according to actual needs.
  • connection manner of the cermet tube 1 and the support tube 2 can be set as a sealed connection according to actual needs.
  • the connection manner of the cermet tube 1 and the support tube 2 includes a screw connection, a groove-to-protrusion joint connection, a tapered surface joint connection, or a bonding by a high temperature bonding agent.
  • the exhaust structure of the temperature measuring device includes an exhaust duct 3 and an exhaust hole 5.
  • One end of the exhaust duct 3 is disposed inside the support tube 2 and communicates with the inside of the support tube 2, the inside of the cermet tube 1 and the exhaust hole 5, and the other end of the exhaust duct 3 is connected to one end of the connecting tube 4;
  • the other end of the connecting tube 4 is for coaxial connection with the infrared temperature measuring probe 6.
  • the flue gas is blown out through the gap between the exhaust duct 3 and the support pipe 2 and the exhaust hole 5.
  • a purge gas for example, compressed air, preferably inert gas N 2 or Ar
  • a purge gas is blown into the connecting pipe 4, and enters through the exhaust pipe 3, so that the flue gas on the temperature measuring path can be It is blown off and discharged to the outside of the temperature measuring device through the vent hole 5, so that the radiant temperature measuring device can measure the temperature more accurately.
  • the distance L 2 of the end of the exhaust duct 3 adjacent to the cermet tube 1 from the open end of the cermet tube 1 is greater than or equal to 30 mm.
  • Reasonably setting the position of the exhaust duct 3 can effectively discharge the flue gas on the temperature measuring optical path and improve the measurement accuracy of the temperature measuring device.
  • the venting opening 5 includes a through hole in the support tube 2; and/or the venting opening 5 includes a passage formed by an exhaust vent on the inner wall of the support tube 2 and an outer wall of the connecting tube 4, wherein the venting groove can be Selectively disposed axially; and/or, the venting opening 5 includes a passage formed by an exhaust vent on the outer wall of the connecting tube 4 and an inner wall of the support tube 2, wherein the venting groove is optionally disposed axially; / or, the vent 5 includes a through hole in the connecting pipe 4.
  • the number of the exhaust holes 5 may be set according to the flow rate of the flue gas, the size of the temperature measuring device, and the like, and may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, or the like.
  • connection mode of the connecting pipe 4 and the supporting pipe 2 can be set according to actual needs.
  • the connection manner of the support tube 2 and the connecting tube 4 is a taper fit and a pin positioning; or, the connection manner of the support tube 2 and the connecting tube 4 is a cylindrical fit and a pin positioning; or, the support tube 2 and the connecting tube 4 are
  • the connection mode is a screw connection, and the inside of the support pipe body 2 is embedded with a nut 8, and the connection pipe 4 is engaged with the thread of the nut 8.
  • connection mode of the connecting pipe 4 and the exhaust pipe 3 can be set according to actual needs.
  • connection of the connecting tube 4 to the exhaust duct 3 may be high temperature bond bonding and pin positioning.
  • the support tube 2 is a hollow plug.
  • the temperature measuring device of the cermet tube 1 as a temperature sensing element has two advantages: First, the measured temperature is closer to the temperature of the molten steel in the crystallizer than the temperature measured by the existing temperature measuring device. It has more reference value for the solidification control of molten steel in the continuous casting process; secondly, due to the thin-wall structure of the tempering element cermet tube 1, the temperature measurement response of the temperature measuring device of the embodiment is faster, and the response time is about Within 90s, it meets the requirements of continuous casting process control.
  • the temperature measuring device with the plug function has the dual functions of measuring the temperature of the molten steel and controlling the flow rate of the molten steel, and has a lower cost than using the temperature measuring device and the plug.
  • the temperature measuring device further comprises an infrared temperature detecting probe 6 and a signal processor 7, and the infrared temperature detecting probe 6 is coaxially connected with the connecting tube 4 and is used for transforming the received thermal radiant energy emitted by the cermet tube 1.
  • signal processor 7 processes the electrical signals and calculates the temperature of the molten metal.
  • the invention also provides a temperature measuring method for measuring the temperature of a molten metal, and the temperature measuring method comprises The molten metal temperature was measured by the aforementioned temperature measuring device.
  • the depth of the temperature measuring device inserted into the molten metal is greater than or equal to 8 times the outer diameter of the cermet tube 1.
  • the insertion depth is defined as above, and stable black body cavity radiation can be realized, thereby ensuring temperature measurement accuracy.
  • the temperature measuring method includes blowing the flue gas purge gas from the connecting pipe 4 and flowing through the exhaust pipe 3 during the temperature measurement, and passing the flue gas through the gap between the exhaust pipe 3 and the supporting pipe 2
  • the air holes 5 are blown out to the outside of the device.
  • the purge gas can eliminate the flue gas volatilized when the support tube 2 is at a high temperature, and prevent the flue gas from interfering with the radiation temperature measurement.
  • the temperature measurement of the molten metal by the temperature measuring method of the present invention has all the advantages of the aforementioned temperature measuring device.
  • FIG 3 and 4 show the structure of a temperature measuring device of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the temperature measuring device can be used to continuously and quickly measure the temperature of the tundish molten steel.
  • the temperature measuring device includes a measuring body, an infrared temperature measuring probe 6, and a signal processor 7.
  • the measuring body includes a cermet tube 1, a support tube 2, a connecting tube 4, and an exhaust structure as temperature sensing elements.
  • the exhaust structure includes an exhaust duct 3 and an exhaust hole 5.
  • the top end of the cermet tube 1 is an open end and the bottom end is a closed end.
  • the inside of the cermet tube 1 has a cavity.
  • the open end of the cermet tube 1 is connected to the bottom end of the support tube 2.
  • the infrared temperature probe 6 is for receiving the heat radiation energy from the cavity of the cermet tube 1 and converting the heat radiation energy into an electrical signal for transmission to the signal processing 7, and the signal processor 7 processes the electrical signal and calculates the temperature.
  • the cermet tube 1 has a wall thickness of 2.5 mm and an inner diameter of 22.5 mm. Reasonably setting the wall thickness range of the cermet tube 1 can comprehensively balance the temperature measurement performance, manufacturing cost and service life of the temperature measuring device, and optimize the overall performance of the temperature measuring device.
  • the cermet tube 1 Since the cermet tube 1 has a thinner wall thickness and superior thermal conductivity than the temperature measuring tubes commonly used in the prior art, At the beginning of the measurement of the body just inserted into the molten metal, the cermet tube 1 can quickly form an in-line black body cavity for fast response.
  • the open end of the cermet tube 1 is fitted into the inside of the bottom end of the support tube 2 and forms a sealed connection with the bottom end of the support tube 2.
  • the cermet tube 1 is coaxially connected to the support tube 2.
  • the two are coupled by a groove and a boss. This connection can effectively ensure the coaxiality and axial position of the cermet tube 1 and the support tube 2.
  • the open end of the cermet tube 1 is fitted into the inside of the bottom end of the support tube 2, the embedding length is 50 mm, and the uninserted length is 100 mm.
  • This embedding length ensures a firm coaxial connection of the cermet tube 1 to the support tube 2 and facilitates control of the production cost of the temperature measuring device.
  • the unembedded length satisfies the condition of forming a black body cavity, and the effective emissivity of the cavity is close to 1, thereby ensuring measurement accuracy and facilitating control of the production cost of the temperature measuring device.
  • the cermet tube 1 is made of a cermet material which is highly thermally conductive, resistant to molten steel erosion and washed, and which has high strength and compactness.
  • the cermet material is Mo-ZrO 2 .
  • the cermet material forming the cermet tube 1 has a metal phase volume content of 50%, a partially stabilized zirconia volume content of 15%, and a stabilized zirconia volume content of 35%.
  • the cermet material not only has high strength, compactness and good resistance to molten metal corrosion, but also has excellent thermal conductivity, which can improve the response speed of the temperature measuring device.
  • the cermet tube 1 can be quickly Form an online black body cavity.
  • the outer surfaces of the cermet tube 1 and the support tube 2 are coated with an oxidation preventing coating.
  • the anti-oxidation coating is used to prevent high temperature oxidation during the preparation and use of the measuring body.
  • the top end of the support tube 2 and the infrared temperature measuring probe 6 are coaxially connected to the connecting tube 4, respectively.
  • the infrared temperature measuring probe 6 includes an optical fiber infrared temperature measuring probe, and the optical fiber infrared temperature measuring probe is connected with the connecting tube 4.
  • the connection manner of the infrared temperature measuring probe 6 and the connecting tube 4 is a tapered surface.
  • the infrared temperature probe 6 is connected above the connection pipe 4.
  • connection mode of the support tube 2 and the connecting tube 4 is a threaded coaxial connection.
  • the inside of the support tube 2 is embedded with a nut 8 which is engaged with the thread of the nut 8.
  • the support tube 2 is made of an aluminum carbon refractory material resistant to high temperature, slag attack and oxidation.
  • the cermet tube 1 of the present embodiment has rapid heat transfer characteristics, and the material of the support tube 2 has the advantages of low cost, good resistance to slag and molten metal corrosion, under the support of the support tube 2, the cermet tube is measured. 1
  • the black body cavity can be quickly formed, thereby achieving rapid temperature measurement of the molten metal.
  • the cermet tube 1 since the price of the cermet material is more expensive than the refractory material commonly used in the prior art for manufacturing the temperature measuring tube, if the cermet tube 1 is embedded in the support tube 2 made of a low-cost refractory material, the molten metal is extended. Internally, at this time, the support tube 2 functions only to carry the cermet tube 1, and does not participate in forming a black body cavity for measuring the temperature of the molten metal, and therefore, the cost of the measuring device can be controlled.
  • the support tube 2 has a wall thickness of 25 mm and a length of 800 mm.
  • the support tube 2 has a reasonable wall thickness and/or length to ensure the overall strength and service life of the temperature measuring device and to measure the temperature in molten metal having different depths.
  • the exhaust duct 3 is made of alumina and communicates with the cavity of the cermet tube 1.
  • the exhaust duct 3 is made of alumina, which can make the exhaust duct 3 withstand high temperature, is suitable for the working environment of the temperature measuring device, and improves the life of the temperature measuring device.
  • the exhaust duct 3 is disposed inside the support tube 2 with a gap of 2 mm therebetween, which forms a fluid passage for the purge gas.
  • the exhaust hole 5 is in communication with the outside. As shown in FIG. 4, the exhaust hole 5 in the first embodiment is a through hole on the support tube 2. The number of the exhaust holes 5 is two.
  • the purge gas is introduced into the connecting pipe 4, blown into the exhaust pipe 5 through the exhaust pipe 3, and enters the inside of the support pipe 2 and the cermet pipe 1 through the exhaust pipe 5,
  • the flue gas on the temperature measuring light path is blown off, and is discharged to the outside of the temperature measuring device through the gap between the exhaust pipe 3 and the support pipe 2, thereby ensuring the cleaning of the temperature measuring optical path, so that the temperature measuring device can be more Accurately measure temperature.
  • One end of the exhaust duct 3 is connected to the connecting pipe 4, and the distance L 2 of the end of the exhaust duct 3 adjacent to the cermet pipe 1 from the open end of the cermet pipe 1 is 30 mm or more.
  • This arrangement allows the end of the exhaust duct 3 to be placed below the molten metal level and at a distance above the open end of the cermet tube 1, for example 100 mm, when the temperature measuring device is measuring.
  • Reasonably setting the position of the exhaust duct 3 can effectively discharge the flue gas on the temperature measuring optical path, ensure the cleaning of the temperature measuring optical path, and improve the measurement accuracy.
  • the connecting pipe 4 is connected to the exhaust duct 3.
  • the connection method can be set according to actual needs.
  • the connection mode of the connecting pipe 4 and the exhaust pipe 3 may be high temperature bonding agent bonding and pin positioning.
  • the end of the measuring body having the cermet tube 1 is inserted into the molten metal.
  • the depth of insertion is 10 times the outer diameter of the cermet tube 1.
  • the depth at which the measuring body is inserted into the molten metal is preferably greater than or equal to eight times the outer diameter of the cermet tube 1. According to the heat transfer analysis and the black body cavity radiation theory, the insertion depth is defined as above, and stable black body cavity radiation can be realized, thereby ensuring measurement accuracy.
  • the temperature measuring device can be attached to a tray located on the cover of the tundish.
  • the connecting tube 4 is connected to the infrared temperature measuring probe 6, and the infrared temperature measuring probe 6 is connected to the signal processor 7.
  • the cavity of the cermet tube 1 forms an in-line black body cavity, and the infrared temperature measuring probe 6 receives the heat radiation energy from the black body cavity and converts the heat radiation energy into an electrical signal.
  • the processor 7 receives the electrical signal and calculates the molten metal temperature based on the electrical signal.
  • the purge gas is blown from the connecting pipe 4 into the exhaust pipe 3, and the purge gas flowing out from the exhaust pipe 3 passes the flue gas on the temperature measuring path through the exhaust pipe 3 and the support pipe 2.
  • the gap therebetween flows to the exhaust hole 5, and is blown out of the temperature measuring device by the exhaust hole 5.
  • the purge gas is N 2 .
  • the purge gas can be other types of gases, such as compressed air, preferably other inert gases such as Ar.
  • the purge gas can eliminate the flue gas volatilized when the support tube 2 is at a high temperature, and prevent the flue gas from interfering with the radiation temperature measurement.
  • the temperature measurement accuracy of the temperature measuring device of the first embodiment is less than ⁇ 3 ° C compared with the second-class B-type platinum-iridium thermocouple. And the temperature measurement response time of the temperature measuring device can reach within 60s.
  • the parts not described in the first embodiment can refer to the related content of the remaining embodiments.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of an exhaust hole of the temperature measuring device shown in Fig. 5.
  • the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the exhaust holes 5 are formed by the two exhaust grooves in the axial direction of the inner wall of the support pipe 2 and the outer wall of the connecting pipe 4.
  • the number of exhaust vents is two.
  • the top end of the support tube 2 is connected to the connecting tube 4 by a tapered surface and a pin.
  • Figure 7 is a view showing a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal according to a third embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of the venting holes.
  • the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the exhaust holes 5 are formed by the two exhaust grooves in the axial direction of the outer wall of the connecting pipe 4 and the inner wall of the support pipe 2.
  • the number of exhaust vents is two.
  • the parts not described in the third embodiment can refer to the related content of the remaining embodiments.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fourth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the exhaust hole 5 is a through hole in the connecting pipe 4.
  • the number of through holes is two.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal in a measuring state according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a view showing the configuration of a measuring body of a temperature measuring device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fifth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the support tube 2 and the stopper rod are used together, and the cermet tube 1 is attached to the bottom end of the stopper rod as the support tube 2, and can be utilized.
  • the plug rod is used as the support tube 2 of the measuring body to realize the temperature measuring function.
  • the stopper rod is a rod body disposed in the intermediate bag 9 at the outlet of the molten metal to control the outflow speed of the molten metal such as the molten steel 10.
  • the temperature measured by the temperature measuring device with the plug function is closer to the temperature of the molten steel in the crystallizer (not shown) than the temperature measured by the existing temperature measuring tube, and has more reference for the solidification control of the molten steel in the continuous casting process. value.
  • the temperature measuring device with the plug function has the dual functions of measuring the temperature of the molten steel and controlling the flow rate of the molten steel, and has a lower cost than using the temperature measuring sensor and the plug.
  • the above embodiments of the present invention can quickly and continuously measure the temperature of the molten metal, and the response time is reduced from 5 to 10 minutes of the existing temperature measuring device made of aluminum carbon or magnesium carbon to within 90 s. It can be used for temperature measurement in the whole process of continuous casting tundish, especially the continuous casting and pouring process of temperature measurement and rapid response. In addition, it can also be applied Continuous temperature measurement in the case of rapid changes in molten steel temperature, such as refining outside the furnace, and continuous measurement of other high temperature melt temperatures. It can be used with a stopper to make the stopper have a temperature measurement function.

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Abstract

一种用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置和温度测量方法。温度测量装置包括感温元件、支撑管（2）、连接管（4）和排风结构，感温元件为一端封闭另一端开口的金属陶瓷管（1），金属陶瓷管（1）伸入熔融金属内时基于黑体空腔原理能够感知熔融金属的温度并发射稳定的热辐射能；金属陶瓷管（1）的开口端与支撑管（2）的一端固定连接且金属陶瓷管（1）的内部与支撑管（2）的内部连通，支撑管（2）的另一端与连接管（4）固定连接；排风结构用于排出金属陶瓷管（1）和支撑管（2）内部的烟气。在熔融金属测温时，使温度测量装置插入熔融金属的深度应大于等于金属陶瓷管（1）的外径的8倍。如此，能够以较快的响应速度实现对熔融金属温度的连续测量。

Description

用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置与温度测量方法 技术领域
本发明涉及温度测量技术领域，特别涉及一种用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置与温度测量方法。
背景技术
在冶金行业，生产时需要对熔融金属(如钢水，铁水)的温度进行实时连续测量，这对于提高金属质量和生产效率、降低能耗具有重要意义。
现有技术中对熔融金属进行温度测量通常采用铂铑热电偶加保护管的测温方式。采用该测温方式测量熔融金属温度时，将热电偶放置于保护管中，然后将保护管连同内部的热电偶插入熔融金属中，实现对熔融金属温度的连续测量。由于铂铑热电偶价格昂贵，导致测量成本过高。
公告号为US6846105B2的美国专利公开了一种对钢水的温度进行连续测量的方法和测温管。该测温管由两个套在一起的一端开口、一端封闭的管体组成。使用时，将管体插入钢水中一定深度，待插入钢水的部分管体内外达到热平衡后，插入钢水的部分的内部形成等温的黑体空腔，通过测温仪测量空腔的热辐射可以计算出钢水的温度。
根据传热分析和黑体空腔理论，由于对测温管的结构和测温管插入到钢水中的深度作出了一定的限定，该测温管底部的内部能够实现稳定的黑体空腔辐射，其有效发射率接近于1，从而保证了辐射测温的准确性。然而，该专利的技术方案不足之处在于测温响应速度慢。该测温管管体采用内外两层结构，外层为铝碳耐火材料管体A1，内层为刚玉或氧化锆等材料管体A2，如图1所示，导致响应速度慢。另外，外层铝碳耐火材料管体的强度较低、气孔率较高，为了满足测温管的强度和使用寿命要求，需制作成较大壁厚(壁厚d1约为20mm～35mm)和较大尺寸的结构，这也加剧了测温响应的滞后程度。所以，这种结构的管体从插入钢水到测出温度的响应时间长达5min～10min，使得该测温管目前用于中间包测温，而无法满足连铸开浇、精炼和转炉等连续测温对测温装置的快速响应特性的要求。
公开号为CN102221408A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种钢水连续测温用红外 测温管及其组分、制备方法。该专利申请公开的测温管管体的内孔为阶梯孔，一导热块镶嵌在测温管管体下端较大的孔中，连接管固定在测温管管体上端。测温管管体为铬刚玉质耐火浇注料，导热块为铝碳质材料。通过导热块的快速传热实现钢水温度的快速测量。该专利的技术方案的不足之处在于，当测温管管体刚插入钢水时，导热块与周围管体形成的空腔由于材料不同，热物性参数不同，形状及尺寸不同，会存在显著的非等温分布，该非等温分布及导热块表面发射率的不确定性将导致测量结果的不确定性，难以保证测量精度。此外，导热块的厚度为20mm，该尺寸的厚度将使得传热较慢。经传热分析与实验验证，该厚度的测温响应时间约为5min，难以达到快速响应的目的。
公开号为CN1936524A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种具有连续测温功能的中间包塞棒。该专利申请公开具有测温功能的塞棒是在现有的塞棒上安装有测温装置。该专利所述的现有塞棒通常采用铝碳、镁碳或锆碳材料，如图2所示，该专利所述的测温装置为S型或B型热电偶、或辐射测温装置。该专利的技术方案的不足之处在于，其采用现有塞棒作为温度感知部件，为抵御中间包钢水出口的强冲刷，塞棒的壁厚d2需达到约60mm～100mm，将导致显著的测温响应滞后，经传热分析及实验测试，测温响应时间将达到20min以上，难以满足连铸工艺控制的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置与温度测量方法，旨在提高熔融金属连续测温的快速性。
本发明第一方面提供一种用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置，包括感温元件、支撑管、连接管和排风结构，所述感温元件为一端封闭另一端开口的金属陶瓷管，所述金属陶瓷管的壁厚小于所述支撑管的壁厚，且所述金属陶瓷管伸入熔融金属内时所述金属陶瓷管基于黑体空腔原理能够感知熔融金属的温度并发射稳定的热辐射能；所述金属陶瓷管的开口端与所述支撑管的一端固定连接且所述金属陶瓷管的内部与所述支撑管的内部连通，所述支撑管的另一端与所述连接管固定连接；所述排风结构用于排出所述金属陶瓷管和所述支撑管内部的烟气。
可选地，所述金属陶瓷管的壁厚d为1.0mm～10.0mm。
可选地，所述金属陶瓷管露出所述支撑管的部分的内腔的长度L1与所述金属陶 瓷管的内径Ф0的比值L1/Ф0＝1.0～20.0。
可选地，所述金属陶瓷管露出所述支撑管的部分的内腔的长度L1与所述金属陶瓷管的内径Ф0的比值L1/Ф0＝1.0～6.0。
可选地，所述金属陶瓷管、所述支撑管和所述连接管是同轴的。
可选地，所述金属陶瓷管的材料为由金属粉和陶瓷粉经粉末冶金制成的金属与陶瓷的复合材料，所述复合材料包括W-ZrO2、Mo-ZrO2、Mo-MgO、W-Mo-ZrO2中的一种或多种。
可选地，所述金属陶瓷管的材料包含体积含量为30％～60％的金属，体积含量为30％～60％的全稳定氧化锆，体积含量为5％～30％的部分稳定氧化锆。
可选地，所述金属陶瓷管的外表面设有防氧化层。
可选地，所述支撑管的壁厚为15mm～100mm；和/或，所述支撑管的长度为200mm～2200mm。
可选地，所述排风结构包括排风管和排风孔，所述排风管的一端设置于所述支撑管的内部并分别与所述支撑管的内部、所述金属陶瓷管的内部和所述排风孔连通，所述排风管的另一端与所述连接管的一端连接；所述连接管的另一端用于与红外测温探头相连；在测量熔融金属温度时，从所述连接管吹入的吹扫气体能够经过所述排风管进入所述金属陶瓷管和所述支撑管的内部以将烟气经过所述排风管与所述支撑管之间的缝隙和所述排风孔吹出。
可选地，所述排风管与所述金属陶瓷管临近的一端距所述金属陶瓷管的开口端的距离L2大于等于30mm。
可选地，所述排风孔包括所述支撑管上的通孔；和/或，所述排风孔包括由所述支撑管的内壁上的排风槽与所述连接管的外壁构成的通道；和/或，所述排风孔包括由所述连接管的外壁上的排风槽与所述支撑管的内壁构成的通道；和/或，所述排风孔包括所述连接管上的通孔。
可选地，所述支撑管包括中空的塞棒。
可选地，所述温度测量装置还包括红外测温探头和信号处理器，所述红外测温探头与所述连接管同轴连接且用于将接收到的由所述金属陶瓷管发出的热辐射能转变为电信号，所述信号处理器对所述电信号进行处理并计算出熔融金属温度。
本发明第二方面提供一种用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量方法，采用本发明第 一方面任一项所述的温度测量装置测量熔融金属温度，在测量熔融金属温度时，使所述温度测量装置插入熔融金属的深度大于等于所述金属陶瓷管的外径的8倍。
基于本发明提供的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置与温度测量方法，根据传热分析与黑体空腔理论，由于感温元件为壁厚薄于支撑管的金属陶瓷管，能够实现快速传热和稳定的黑体空腔辐射，从而，能够以较快的响应速度实现对熔融金属温度的连续测量。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为背景技术中专利US6846105B2的测温管的结构示意图。
图2为背景技术中专利CN1936524A的用于测量钢水温度的现有塞棒的结构示意图。
图3为本发明第一实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置在测量状态下的结构示意图。
图4为本发明第一实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体的结构示意图。
图5为本发明第二实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体的结构示意图。
图6为图5所示的温度测量装置的测量主体的排风孔的结构示意图。
图7为本发明第三实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体的排风孔的结构示意图。
图8为本发明第四实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体的结构示意图。
图9为本发明第五实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体在测量状态下的结构示意图。
图10为本发明第五实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体的结构示意图。
图1至图10中，各附图标记代表：
Al-铝碳材料管体，A2-刚玉或氧化锆等材料管体，1-金属陶瓷管，2-支撑管，3-排风管，4-连接管，5-排风孔，6-红外测温探头，7-信号处理器，8-螺母，9-中间包，10-钢水。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
如图3至图10所示，本发明提供的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置包括感温元件、支撑管2、连接管4和排风结构。感温元件为一端封闭另一端开口的金属陶瓷管1，金属陶瓷管1的壁厚小于支撑管2的壁厚，金属陶瓷管1伸入熔融金属内时基于黑体空腔原理能够感知熔融金属的温度并发射稳定的热辐射能。金属陶瓷管1的开口端与支撑管2的一端固定连接且金属陶瓷管1的内部与支撑管2的内部连通。支撑管2的另一端与连接管4固定连接。排风结构用于排出金属陶瓷管1和支撑管2内部的烟气。
由于温度测量装置的感温元件为采用薄壁的金属陶瓷材料制成的金属陶瓷管1，其材料具有比现有技术中常用于熔融金属温度测量装置的材料如铝碳耐火材料、镁碳耐火材料和锆碳耐火材料等更高的强度和致密性，同时具有优异的抗热震性和抗侵蚀性，使得传热速度显著提高。在支撑管2和金属陶瓷管1插入熔融金属初期，金属陶瓷管1可快速感知熔融金属的温度并发射稳定的热辐射能，形成在线黑体空腔，从而，能够以较快的响应速度实现对熔融金属温度的连续测量。
可选地，金属陶瓷管的壁厚为1.0mm～10.0mm。例如，金属陶瓷管1的壁厚可以为1.0mm、1.5mm、3.0mm、5.0mm、6.5mm、7.0mm、8.5mm、10.0mm等。该壁厚范围使得金属陶瓷管的壁厚较薄，从而可以更快地感知熔融金属的温度并发射稳定的热辐射能，更好地实现对熔融金属温度的连续测量。而且，合理设置金属陶瓷管1的壁厚范围，可以综合平衡温度测量装置的测温性能、制造成本和使用寿命，使温度测量装置的整体性能达到最优。
可选地，金属陶瓷管1露出支撑管2的部分的内腔的长度L1与金属陶瓷管1的内径Ф0的比值L1/Ф0＝1.0～20.0，优选地，比值L1/Ф0＝1.0～6.0。例如，L1/Ф0可以为1、2、3、4.5、7、8.5、10、12、15、17、18.5、19、20等。
经理论计算和实验验证可知，若L1/Ф0大于或等于1.0，即满足在线黑体空腔条件，其空腔的有效发射率接近于1，从而保证了测量的准确性。而对金属陶瓷管1露出支撑管2部分的长度的上限进行适当的控制利于控制温度测量装置的生产成本。
可选地，金属陶瓷管1、支撑管2和连接管4是同轴的。同轴连接有助于保证测温光路的对中。
可选地，金属陶瓷管1的材料为由金属粉和陶瓷粉经粉末冶金制成的金属与陶瓷 的复合材料，主要成分为W-ZrO2、Mo-ZrO2、Mo-MgO、W-Mo-ZrO2中的一种或多种。金属陶瓷具有较高的强度、致密性和良好抗熔融金属侵蚀性，还具有较高的热扩散率，可以制作成薄壁结构，提高温度测量装置的响应速度，在金属陶瓷管1刚插入熔融金属初期，金属陶瓷管1可快速形成在线黑体空腔。
可选地，金属陶瓷管1的材料包含体积含量为30％～60％的金属，体积含量为30％～60％的全稳定氧化锆，体积含量为5％～30％的部分稳定氧化锆。
可选地，金属陶瓷管1外表面涂有防氧化涂层。防氧化涂层可以防止金属陶瓷管1在制备和使用过程中的氧化。
可选地，支撑管2的壁厚为15mm～100mm，例如，可以为15mm、30mm、50mm、65mm、80mm、95mm等；和/或，支撑管2的长度为200mm～2200mm，例如，可以为250mm、300mm、500mm、650mm、800mm、950mm、1150mm、1300mm、1500mm、1750mm、1800mm、1950mm、2150mm等。支撑管2有合理的壁厚和/或长度，可以保证温度测量装置的整体强度和使用寿命，以及适于在具有不同深度的熔融金属中测量温度。
支撑管2的材料可以根据实际需要采用现有技术所使用的铝碳耐火材料、镁碳耐火材料、锆碳耐火材料中的一种或多种制成。
金属陶瓷管1与支撑管2的连接方式可以根据实际需要设置为密封连接方式。例如，金属陶瓷管1与支撑管2的连接方式包括螺纹连接、凹槽与凸起配合连接、锥面配合连接或通过高温结合剂进行粘结等。
可选地，温度测量装置的排风结构包括排风管3和排风孔5。排风管3的一端设置于支撑管2的内部并分别与支撑管2的内部、金属陶瓷管1的内部和排风孔5连通，排风管3的另一端与连接管4的一端连接；连接管4的另一端用于与红外测温探头6同轴相连。在测量熔融金属温度时，吹扫气体从连接管4吹入，流经排风管3进入支撑管2的内部和金属陶瓷管1的内部，吹扫气体将金属陶瓷管1和支撑管2内部的烟气经过排风管3与支撑管2之间的缝隙和排风孔5吹出。在温度测量装置测温时，向连接管4内吹入吹扫气体(例如压缩空气，优选为惰性气体N2或Ar)，经排风管3内进入，可以将测温光路上的烟气吹离，并经排风孔5排出至温度测量装置外部，使辐射温度测量装置可以更准确地测量温度。
可选地，排风管3与金属陶瓷管1临近的一端距金属陶瓷管1的开口端的距离 L2大于等于30mm。合理设置排风管3的位置，可以有效排出测温光路上的烟气，提高温度测量装置的测量准确性。
排风孔5的设置可以有多种方式。例如，排风孔5包括支撑管2上的通孔；和/或，排风孔5包括由支撑管2的内壁上的排风槽与连接管4外壁构成的通道，其中，排风槽可选地沿轴向设置；和/或，排风孔5包括由连接管4的外壁上的排风槽与支撑管2内壁构成的通道，其中，排风槽可选地沿轴向设置；和/或，排风孔5包括连接管4上的通孔。
排风孔5的个数可以根据烟气流量、温度测量装置大小等进行设置，例如可以为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、10、11、12个等。
连接管4与支撑管2的连接方式可以根据实际需要设置。例如，支撑管2与连接管4的连接方式为锥面配合和销钉定位；或者，支撑管2与连接管4的连接方式为柱面配合和销钉定位；或者，支撑管2与连接管4的连接方式为螺纹连接，支持管体2的内部嵌入螺母8，连接管4与螺母8的螺纹配合。
连接管4与排风管3的连接方式可以根据实际需要设置。例如，连接管4与排风管3的连接方式可以为高温结合剂粘合和销钉定位。
可选地，支撑管2为中空的塞棒。采用塞棒作为支撑管2，金属陶瓷管1作为感温元件的测温装置具有两个优点：一是所测得的温度比现有测温装置测得的温度更接近结晶器内钢水的温度，对连铸工艺中钢水的凝固控制更具有参考价值；二是由于感温元件金属陶瓷管1的薄壁结构，本实施例的测温装置的测温响应速度较快，响应时间约在90s以内，满足连铸工艺控制的要求。而若采用铝碳或镁碳等材料制作的现有塞棒用于测温装置，为抵御中间包钢水出口的强冲刷，其底端感温部分的壁厚需达到约60mm～100mm，将引起显著的测温响应滞后，根据理论分析及实验测试，其测温响应时间将达到约20min以上，难以满足连铸工艺控制的要求，不具有可行性。此外，具有塞棒功能的温度测量装置兼具钢水测温和控制钢水流量的双重功能，具有比分别使用温度测量装置和塞棒更低的成本。
可选地，温度测量装置还包括红外测温探头6和信号处理器7，红外测温探头6与连接管4同轴连接且用于将接收到的由金属陶瓷管1发出的热辐射能转变为电信号，信号处理器7对电信号进行处理并计算出熔融金属温度。
本发明还提供一种用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量方法，温度测量方法包括采 用前述的温度测量装置测量熔融金属温度。
可选地，在测量熔融金属温度时，使温度测量装置插入熔融金属的深度大于等于金属陶瓷管1的外径的8倍。对插入深度做如上限定，能够实现稳定的黑体空腔辐射，从而保证测温精度。
可选地，温度测量方法包括在测温时使烟气吹扫气体从连接管4吹入并流经排风管3，将烟气经过排风管3与支撑管2之间的缝隙由排风孔5吹出到装置外部。吹扫气体可以消除支撑管2高温时挥发的烟气，防止烟气干扰辐射测温。
采用本发明的温度测量方法测量熔融金属的温度，具有前述温度测量装置具有的全部优点。
以下结合附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细的描述。
第一实施例
图3和图4示出了本发明第一实施例的温度测量装置的结构。该温度测量装置可用于对中间包钢水温度进行连续快速测量。
如图3和图4所示，该温度测量装置包括测量主体、红外测温探头6和信号处理器7。
测量主体包括作为感温元件的金属陶瓷管1、支撑管2、连接管4和排风结构。排风结构包括排风管3和排风孔5。
金属陶瓷管1的顶端为开口端、底端为封闭端。金属陶瓷管1的内部具有空腔。金属陶瓷管1的开口端连接于支撑管2的底端。金属陶瓷管1伸入熔融金属内时基于黑体空腔原理能够感知熔融金属的温度并发射稳定的热辐射能。
红外测温探头6用于接收来自金属陶瓷管1的空腔发出的热辐射能并将热辐射能转变为电信号输送至信号处理7，信号处理器7对电信号进行处理，并计算出温度测量装置的金属陶瓷管1所插入的熔融金属温度。
本实施例中，金属陶瓷管1的壁厚为2.5mm，内径为22.5mm。合理设置金属陶瓷管1的壁厚范围，可以综合平衡温度测量装置的测温性能、制造成本和使用寿命，使温度测量装置的整体性能达到最优。
由于金属陶瓷管1具有比现有技术中常用测温管更薄的壁厚和优异的导热性能， 在测量主体刚插入熔融金属初期，金属陶瓷管1可快速形成在线黑体空腔，以达到快速响应的目的。
如图4所示，金属陶瓷管1的开口端嵌入到支撑管2的底端的内部并与支撑管2的底端形成密封连接。金属陶瓷管1与支撑管2同轴连接。本实施例中，二者通过凹槽和凸台配合连接。这种连接方式可以有效地保证金属陶瓷管1与支撑管2的同轴度和轴向位置。
本实施例中，金属陶瓷管1的开口端嵌入到支撑管2的底端的内部，嵌入长度为50mm，未嵌入长度为100mm。
该嵌入长度可以保证金属陶瓷管1与支撑管2的牢固同轴连接，并且利于控制温度测量装置的生产成本。该未嵌入长度满足形成黑体空腔条件，其空腔的有效发射率接近于1，从而保证了测量的准确性，且利于控制温度测量装置的生产成本。
优选地，金属陶瓷管1由高导热、抗钢水侵蚀和冲刷且具有高强度和致密性的金属陶瓷材料制成。本实施例中，金属陶瓷材料为Mo-ZrO2。其中，形成金属陶瓷管1的金属陶瓷材料的金属相体积含量为50％，部分稳定氧化锆体积含量为15％，稳定氧化锆体积含量为35％。
金属陶瓷材料不仅具有较高的强度、致密性和良好抗熔融金属侵蚀性，还具有优异的导热性能，可以提高温度测量装置的响应速度，在测量主体插入熔融金属初期，金属陶瓷管1可快速形成在线黑体空腔。
本实施例中，金属陶瓷管1和支撑管2的外表面涂有防氧化涂层。防氧化涂层用于防止在测量主体制备和使用过程中发生高温氧化。
本实施例中，支撑管2的顶端和红外测温探头6分别与连接管4同轴连接。红外测温探头6包括光纤红外测温探头，光纤红外测温探头与连接管4连接。具体地，红外测温探头6与连接管4的连接方式为锥面配合连接。红外测温探头6连接在连接管4的上方。
如图4所示，支撑管2与连接管4的连接方式为螺纹同轴连接。具体地，支撑管2的内部嵌入螺母8，连接管4与螺母8的螺纹配合。
支撑管2由耐高温、抗渣侵、抗氧化的铝碳耐火材料制作而成。
由于本实施例的金属陶瓷管1具有快速传热特性，以及支撑管2的材料具有低成本、良好抗熔渣和熔融金属侵蚀的优点，测量时，在支撑管2的支撑下，金属陶瓷管 1可快速形成黑体空腔，从而实现对熔融金属快速地测温。
另外，由于金属陶瓷材料的价格比现有技术中常用于制造测温管的耐火材料昂贵，如果将金属陶瓷管1嵌入采用低成本的耐火材料制成的支撑管2中，再伸入熔融金属内部，此时支撑管2只起到承载金属陶瓷管1的作用，而不参与形成用于测量熔融金属温度的黑体空腔，因此，可以控制测量装置的成本。
本实施例中，支撑管2的壁厚为25mm，长度为800mm。支撑管2有合理的壁厚和/或长度，可以保证温度测量装置的整体强度和使用寿命，以及适于在具有不同深度的熔融金属中测量温度。
本实施例中，排风管3由氧化铝制成，与金属陶瓷管1的空腔连通。排风管3由氧化铝制成，可以使排风管3耐受高温，适合于温度测量装置的工作环境，提高温度测量装置的寿命。
如图4所示，排风管3设置在支撑管2的内部，两者之间留有2mm的缝隙，该缝隙形成吹扫气体的流体通道。
排风孔5与外界连通。如图4所示，第一实施例中排风孔5为支撑管2上的通孔。排风孔5的个数为2个。
在温度测量装置测温时，向连接管4内通入吹扫气体，经排风管3吹入排风管5内，并经排风管5进入支撑管2和金属陶瓷管1的内部，将测温光路上的烟气吹离，并经排风管3与支撑管2间的缝隙，由排风孔5排出至温度测量装置外部，保证测温光路的清洁，使温度测量装置可以更准确地测量温度。
排风管3的一端与连接管4连接，排风管3与金属陶瓷管1临近的一端距金属陶瓷管1的开口端的距离L2大于等于30mm。该设置可以在温度测量装置进行测量时使排风管3的靠近金属陶瓷管1的一端位于熔融金属液面之下且位于金属陶瓷管1的开口端之上一定距离，例如100mm。合理设置排风管3的位置，可以有效排出测温光路上的烟气，保证测温光路的清洁，提高测量准确性。
连接管4与排风管3连接。连接方式可以根据实际需要设置。本实施例中，连接管4与排风管3的连接方式可以为高温结合剂粘合和销钉定位。
下面简要描述第一实施例的温度测量装置对钢水温度进行测量的过程。
将测量主体的具有金属陶瓷管1的一端插入熔融金属中。本实施例中，插入的深度为金属陶瓷管1外径的10倍。
在其它实施例中，测量主体插入熔融金属的深度宜大于等于金属陶瓷管1外径的8倍。根据传热分析和黑体空腔辐射理论，对插入深度做如上限定，能够实现稳定的黑体空腔辐射，从而保证测量精度。
可以将温度测量装置固定在位于中间包的包盖上的托盘上。将连接管4与红外测温探头6连接，红外测温探头6与信号处理器7连接。金属陶瓷管1与熔融金属达到热平衡后，金属陶瓷管1的空腔形成在线黑体空腔，红外测温探头6接收来自黑体空腔发出的热辐射能并将热辐射能转为电信号，信号处理器7接收电信号并根据电信号计算出熔融金属温度。
另外，在测量时，吹扫气体从连接管4吹入，进入排风管3，从排风管3流出的吹扫气体使测温光路上的烟气经过排风管3与支撑管2之间的缝隙流至排风孔5，并由排风孔5吹出到温度测量装置外部。
本实施例中，吹扫气体为N2。在其它实施例中，吹扫气体可以为其它种类的气体，如压缩空气，优选为其它惰性气体，如Ar。吹扫气体可以消除支撑管2高温时挥发的烟气，防止烟气干扰辐射测温。
根据实验结果显示，第一实施例的温度测量装置的测温精度与二等B型铂铑热电偶相比，其测温误差小于±3℃。且该温度测量装置的测温响应时间可以达到60s以内。
第一实施例中未说明的部分可参考其余实施例的相关内容。
第二实施例
图5为本发明第二实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体的结构示意图。图6为图5所示的温度测量装置的排风孔的结构示意图。
如图5和图6所示，本实施例与第一实施例的差别在于，排风孔5由支撑管2的内壁沿轴向的2个排风槽与连接管4的外壁构成。排风槽的个数为2个。另外，支撑管2的顶端与连接管4通过锥面配合和销钉定位连接。
第二实施例中未说明的部分可参考其余实施例的相关内容。
第三实施例
图7为本发明第三实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体 的排风孔的结构示意图。
如图7所示，第三实施例与第一实施例的差别在于，排风孔5由连接管4的外壁沿轴向的2个排风槽与支撑管2的内壁构成。排风槽的个数为2个。
第三实施例中未说明的部分可参考其余实施例的相关内容。
第四实施例
图8为本发明第四实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体的结构示意图。
如图8所示，第四实施例与第一实施例的差别在于，排风孔5为连接管4上的通孔。通孔的个数为2个。
第四实施例中未说明的部分可参考其余实施例的相关内容。
第五实施例
图9为本发明第五实施例的用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置的测量主体在测量状态下的结构示意图。图10为本发明第五实施例的温度测量装置的测量主体的结构示意图。
如图9和图10所示，第五实施例与第一实施例的差别在于，支撑管2与塞棒兼用，将金属陶瓷管1安装于作为支撑管2的塞棒的底端，可以利用塞棒作为测量主体的支撑管2，实现测温功能。
塞棒是中间包9中设置于熔融金属出口处以控制熔融金属如钢水10的流出速度的棒体。具有塞棒功能的温度测量装置所测得的温度比现有测温管测得的温度更接近结晶器(未图示)内钢水的温度，对连铸工艺中钢水的凝固控制更具有参考价值。此外，具有塞棒功能的温度测量装置兼具钢水测温和控制钢水流量的双重功能，具有比分别使用测温传感器和塞棒更低的成本。
第五实施例中未说明的部分可参考其余实施例的相关内容。
本发明以上实施例能够对熔融金属温度进行快速连续的测量，响应时间从现有采用铝碳或镁碳等材料制作的测温装置的5～10min缩减到90s以内。可被用于连铸中间包全过程测温，尤其是测温快速响应的连铸开浇和换包过程。此外，还可以被应用 于炉外精炼等钢水温度快速变化场合的连续测温，以及其它高温熔体温度的连续测量。可与塞棒兼用，使塞棒具有测温功能。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量装置，其特征在于，包括感温元件、支撑管(2)、连接管(4)和排风结构，所述感温元件为一端封闭另一端开口的金属陶瓷管(1)，所述金属陶瓷管(1)的壁厚小于所述支撑管(2)的壁厚，且所述金属陶瓷管(1)伸入熔融金属内时基于黑体空腔原理能够感知熔融金属的温度并发射稳定的热辐射能；所述金属陶瓷管(1)的开口端与所述支撑管(2)的一端固定连接且所述金属陶瓷管(1)的内部与所述支撑管(2)的内部连通，所述支撑管(2)的另一端与所述连接管(4)固定连接；所述排风结构用于排出所述金属陶瓷管(1)和所述支撑管(2)内部的烟气。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷管(1)的壁厚d为1.0mm～10.0mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷管(1)露出所述支撑管(2)的部分的内腔的长度L1与所述金属陶瓷管(1)的内径Ф0的比值L1/Ф0＝1.0～20.0。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷管(1)露出所述支撑管(2)的部分的内腔的长度L1与所述金属陶瓷管(1)的内径Ф0的比值L1/Ф0＝1.0～6.0。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷管(1)、所述支撑管(2)和所述连接管(4)是同轴的。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷管(1)的材料为由金属粉和陶瓷粉经粉末冶金制成的金属与陶瓷的复合材料，所述复合材料包括W-ZrO2、Mo-ZrO2、Mo-MgO、W-Mo-ZrO2中的一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷管(1)的材料包含体积含量为30％～60％的金属，体积含量为30％～60％的全稳定氧化锆，体积含量为5％～30％的部分稳定氧化锆。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述金属陶瓷管(1)的外表面设有防氧化层。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述支撑管(2)的壁厚为 15mm～100mm；和/或，所述支撑管(2)的长度为200mm～2200mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述排风结构包括排风管(3)和排风孔(5)，所述排风管(3)的一端设置于所述支撑管(2)的内部并分别与所述支撑管(2)的内部、所述金属陶瓷管(1)的内部和所述排风孔(5)连通，所述排风管(3)的另一端与所述连接管(4)的一端连接；所述连接管(4)的另一端用于与红外测温探头(6)相连；在测量熔融金属温度时，从所述连接管(4)吹入的吹扫气体能够经过所述排风管(3)进入所述金属陶瓷管(1)和所述支撑管(2)的内部以将烟气经过所述排风管(3)与所述支撑管(2)之间的缝隙和所述排风孔(5)吹出。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述排风管(3)与所述金属陶瓷管(1)临近的一端距所述金属陶瓷管(1)的开口端的距离L2大于等于30mm。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述排风孔(5)包括所述支撑管(2)上的通孔；和/或，所述排风孔(5)包括由所述支撑管(2)的内壁上的排风槽与所述连接管(4)的外壁构成的通道；和/或，所述排风孔(5)包括由所述连接管(4)的外壁上的排风槽与所述支撑管(2)的内壁构成的通道；和/或，所述排风孔(5)包括所述连接管(4)上的通孔。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述支撑管(2)包括中空的塞棒。
  14. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的温度测量装置，其特征在于，所述温度测量装置还包括红外测温探头(6)和信号处理器(7)，所述红外测温探头(6)与所述连接管(4)同轴连接且用于将接收到的由所述金属陶瓷管(1)发出的热辐射能转变为电信号，所述信号处理器(7)对所述电信号进行处理并计算出熔融金属温度。
  15. 一种用于测量熔融金属温度的温度测量方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1至14中任一项所述的温度测量装置测量熔融金属温度，在测量熔融金属温度时，使所述温度测量装置插入熔融金属的深度大于等于所述金属陶瓷管(1)的外径的8倍。
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US11536611B2 (en) 2022-12-27
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US20200158575A1 (en) 2020-05-21

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