WO2019017253A1 - 制御装置、制御方法、およびプログラム - Google Patents
制御装置、制御方法、およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019017253A1 WO2019017253A1 PCT/JP2018/026151 JP2018026151W WO2019017253A1 WO 2019017253 A1 WO2019017253 A1 WO 2019017253A1 JP 2018026151 W JP2018026151 W JP 2018026151W WO 2019017253 A1 WO2019017253 A1 WO 2019017253A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W60/00—Drive control systems specially adapted for autonomous road vehicles
- B60W60/001—Planning or execution of driving tasks
- B60W60/0015—Planning or execution of driving tasks specially adapted for safety
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
- G08G1/161—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication
- G08G1/162—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication event-triggered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/08—Active safety systems predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision or attempting to minimise its consequences
- B60W30/09—Taking automatic action to avoid collision, e.g. braking and steering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/0098—Details of control systems ensuring comfort, safety or stability not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N20/00—Machine learning
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096708—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
- G08G1/096725—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control where the received information generates an automatic action on the vehicle control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
- G08G1/164—Centralised systems, e.g. external to vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0062—Adapting control system settings
- B60W2050/0075—Automatic parameter input, automatic initialising or calibrating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
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- B60W2050/0083—Setting, resetting, calibration
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- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/02—Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
- B60W50/0205—Diagnosing or detecting failures; Failure detection models
- B60W2050/0215—Sensor drifts or sensor failures
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2552/00—Input parameters relating to infrastructure
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2555/00—Input parameters relating to exterior conditions, not covered by groups B60W2552/00, B60W2554/00
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W2556/00—Input parameters relating to data
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2556/00—Input parameters relating to data
- B60W2556/45—External transmission of data to or from the vehicle
- B60W2556/65—Data transmitted between vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device, a control method, and a program.
- Patent Document 1 there is disclosed a technology for performing hazard prediction and the like based on a knowledge base storing logical expressions generated using known supervised machine learning methods, and utilizing it for automatic driving control of a vehicle. ing.
- a model constructed by machine learning changes in accordance with learning data inputted, and may have unique characteristics for each machine learning model.
- Such a machine learning model is basically preferable in that optimal control based on learning data given in constructing the model can be performed.
- appropriate measures are not always performed on input data (events) that largely deviate from the learning data given when constructing the model. From this point of view, control based on a machine learning model may not be preferable in situations where stable control is required.
- One of the problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a technology that enables stable automatic operation control.
- the invention according to claim 1 is An event detection unit that determines whether an event serving as a trigger for changing a control rule during automatic driving of the vehicle is detected while the vehicle is automatically driving using a first control rule based on machine learning When, A control rule changing unit that changes a control rule at the time of automatic driving of the vehicle to a second control rule corresponding to the trigger event when the event detection unit detects an event serving as the trigger; Control device provided with
- the invention according to claim 12 is A control method implemented by a computer, Determining whether an event serving as a trigger for changing a control rule at the time of automatic driving of the vehicle is detected while the vehicle is automatically driving using a first control rule based on machine learning; Changing the control rule at the time of automatic driving of the vehicle to a second control rule corresponding to the trigger event when the event detection unit detects the trigger event; Is a control method including
- the invention according to claim 13 is Computer, Event detecting means for determining whether or not an event serving as a trigger for changing a control rule during automatic driving of the vehicle is detected while the vehicle is automatically driving using a first control rule based on machine learning ,and, Control rule changing means for changing a control rule during automatic driving of the vehicle to a second control rule corresponding to the trigger event when the event detector detects the trigger event.
- Event detecting means for determining whether or not an event serving as a trigger for changing a control rule during automatic driving of the vehicle is detected while the vehicle is automatically driving using a first control rule based on machine learning
- Control rule changing means for changing a control rule during automatic driving of the vehicle to a second control rule corresponding to the trigger event when the event detector detects the trigger event.
- FIG. 1 is a view for explaining an outline of a control device 100 according to the present invention.
- the control device 100 is a device (for example, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) or the like) mounted on the vehicle V.
- the control device 100 can change the first control rule that is changed (optimized) by machine learning and the second control rule that is a fixed rule that is not based on machine learning.
- control device 100 causes a predetermined control trigger for changing the control rule of automatic driving when the automatic driving of the vehicle is performed using the first control rule based on machine learning.
- a second control rule which is a fixed rule corresponding to the event.
- the information regarding the predetermined event used as the trigger which changes the control rule of automatic driving can be obtained from the output from the sensor device 300 mounted in the vehicle V, or the external device 500.
- the external device 500 is, for example, a device similar to the control device 100 mounted on another vehicle not shown, a device for road-to-vehicle communication provided along a road, or the like.
- each block in the block diagram represents not a hardware unit configuration but a function unit configuration.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram conceptually showing the functional configuration of the control device 100 in the first embodiment.
- the control device 100 according to the present embodiment includes an event detection unit 110 and a control rule change unit 120.
- the event detection unit 110 determines whether a predetermined event is detected while the vehicle is automatically driving using a first control rule based on machine learning.
- the predetermined event is an event serving as a trigger for changing a control rule at the time of automatic driving of the vehicle.
- the predetermined event can also be expressed as an event indicating the timing of interrupting control of automatic driving using the first control rule based on machine learning. Note that a specific example of the predetermined event will be described later.
- the event detection unit 110 can detect a predetermined event based on a result of analysis of outputs from various sensor devices 300 mounted on the host vehicle.
- the event detection unit 110 communicates with an external device (a control device mounted on another vehicle around the vehicle or a device for road-to-vehicle communication provided along the road) to pass through the external device.
- a predetermined event may be detected.
- the event detection unit 110 may detect a predetermined event based on dynamic information included in map data for automatic driving used at the time of automatic driving of the vehicle V.
- the map data for automatic driving is, for example, map data called "dynamic map” etc., and is data including conventional map information (static information) and information changing in real time (dynamic information). is there.
- Dynamic information includes information that can fluctuate in a relatively short span (for example, in seconds), such as ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) look-ahead information (nearby vehicles, pedestrian information, signal information, etc.), accident information, congestion information, narrow information It includes information (also referred to as “quasi dynamic information”) that can fluctuate in a rather short span (eg, in minutes), such as regional weather information.
- static information includes road surface information, lane information, three-dimensional structures, etc. that can fluctuate in relatively long spans (for example, monthly units), and traffic regulation information, road construction information, wide-area weather information, etc.
- Information (which may also be referred to as “quasi-static information”) that can vary in spans of (eg, time units).
- quasi-static information may be classified into dynamic information categories.
- the static information and the dynamic information included in the map for automatic driving are not limited to the examples mentioned here.
- the autonomous driving map data may include various information that can be used for autonomous driving control of the vehicle.
- the control rule changing unit 120 sets the control rule of the automatic driving of the vehicle in question. , Change to the second control rule, which is a fixed rule according to the detected event.
- the first control rule used by each vehicle at the time of automatic driving is a rule based on machine learning as described above. Therefore, in the operation of the vehicle when the first control rule is used, an inherent feature according to the learning result of given learning data may appear. And when control at the time of automatic operation is performed using the 1st control rule, the unstable operation which can not be predicted may be performed by the peculiar feature of this 1st control rule.
- the control rule of the automatic driving corresponds to the detected event. It is changed to the second control rule which is a fixed rule. As a result, when a predetermined event is detected, the operation of the vehicle during automatic driving is controlled in accordance with the fixed rule, so it is possible to suppress an unstable operation that can not be predicted.
- the control device 100 determines the fixed rule according to the detected event of the control rule of the automatic driving of each vehicle (in this case, for example, “forward as an obstacle avoidance action”
- the control device 100 determines the fixed rule according to the detected event of the control rule of the automatic driving of each vehicle (in this case, for example, “forward as an obstacle avoidance action”
- control device 100 According to the present embodiment will be described in more detail.
- Each functional component of control device 100 may be realized by hardware (for example, a hard-wired electronic circuit or the like) for realizing each functional component, or a combination of hardware and software (for example: electronic) It may be realized by a combination of a circuit and a program that controls it.
- hardware for example, a hard-wired electronic circuit or the like
- software for example: electronic
- It may be realized by a combination of a circuit and a program that controls it.
- a case where each functional component of the control device 100 is realized by a combination of hardware and software will be further described.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the hardware configuration of the control device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the computer 200 is a computer that implements the control device 100.
- the computer 200 is an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) that can control the operation of the vehicle during automatic driving.
- the computer 200 may be a computer specially designed to realize the control device 100 or may be a general-purpose computer.
- the computer 200 has a bus 202, a processor 204, a memory 206, a storage device 208, an input / output interface 210, and a network interface 212.
- the bus 202 is a data transmission path for the processor 204, the memory 206, the storage device 208, the input / output interface 210, and the network interface 212 to mutually transmit and receive data.
- the method of connecting the processors 204 and the like to one another is not limited to the bus connection.
- the processor 204 is an arithmetic processing unit implemented using a microprocessor or the like.
- the memory 206 is a main storage device implemented using a random access memory (RAM) or the like.
- the storage device 208 is an auxiliary storage device implemented using a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, or the like.
- the input / output interface 210 is an interface for connecting the computer 200 to peripheral devices. Various analog signals and digital signals used to control a vehicle are input or output to the computer 200 through the input / output interface 210.
- the input / output interface 210 appropriately includes an A / D converter that converts an analog input signal into a digital signal, a D / A converter that converts a digital output signal into an analog signal, and the like.
- a sensor device 300 and a drive circuit 400 used for control of a vehicle are connected to the input / output interface 210.
- the sensor device 300 is LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), millimeter wave radar, sonar, camera or the like.
- a plurality of sensor devices 300 may be connected to the computer 200 via the input / output interface 210.
- the drive circuit 400 is a circuit for driving various mechanisms such as a gear, an engine, and a steering of a vehicle. Control device 100 can control the operation of the vehicle during automatic driving by controlling the operation of drive circuit 400.
- the network interface 212 is an interface for connecting the computer 200 to a communication network.
- This communication network is, for example, a controller area network (CAN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) or the like.
- the method of connecting the network interface 212 to the communication network may be wireless connection or wired connection.
- the computer 200 can communicate with the control device 502 of another vehicle or the road-vehicle communication device 504 via a wireless LAN or the like, and can acquire information on events used in the processing of the control device 100 from these devices.
- the storage device 208 stores program modules for realizing the respective functional components of the control device 100.
- the processor 204 implements the functions of the control device 100 by reading the program module into the memory 206 and executing the program module. Further, the storage device 208 may store map data for automatic driving used at the time of automatic driving of the vehicle V.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of processing executed by the control device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the event detection unit 110 is activated, and a monitoring process of a predetermined event is started (S104). After that, when the event detection unit 110 detects a predetermined event (S104: YES), the event detection unit 110 notifies the control rule changing unit 120 that the predetermined event is detected (S106).
- the control rule changing unit 120 specifies a second control rule corresponding to the event notified in the process of S106 (S108).
- the control rule changing unit 120 can specify the second control rule corresponding to the event detected by the event detection unit 110 using, for example, a table as shown in FIG.
- the table illustrated in FIG. 5 associates and stores identification information of an event and identification information of a second control rule to be applied according to detection of the event.
- the control rule changing unit 120 acquires the identifier of the event detected in the process of S106 from the event detecting unit 110, and refers to the table of FIG. 5 based on the identifier of the event to obtain the second control rule. Can be identified.
- control rule changing unit 120 transfers an instruction to apply the second control rule read in the process of S108 to an ECU or the like that controls automatic driving (S110).
- the operation of the vehicle during automatic driving is controlled.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which different second control rules are associated with each event, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same second rule is associated with a plurality of events. It may be
- the event detection unit 110 detects that “an abnormality has occurred in the sensor device 300” as a predetermined event.
- the abnormality of the sensor device 300 means contamination of the optical system (lens or the like), internal failure, disturbance under the sensing environment (sunlight, rain, fog, snow, light of oncoming vehicle, etc.) or an error. This means an abnormality in an output signal from the sensor device 300 or a communication failure between the sensor device 300 and the control device 100 due to the detection of a signal or an unexpected signal.
- the event detection unit 110 detects a predetermined event based on the “dynamic information included in the map for automatic driving”.
- the map data for automatic driving is, for example, not only static information (road surface information, lane information, map information such as three-dimensional structures), but also dynamic information (accident information, traffic information, weather information, It is a digital map incorporating pedestrian information, signal information, etc.).
- the dynamic information included in the map for automatic driving means the above-mentioned dynamic information.
- This dynamic information is distributed to the vehicle V, for example, from a server that manages accident information and the like.
- the vehicle V that has received the accident information and the like stores the accident information and the like in the area indicating dynamic information in the map for automatic driving.
- the event detection unit 110 can detect an event by referring to dynamic information included in the map data for automatic driving used at the time of automatic driving of the vehicle V.
- the event detection unit 110 monitors a signal line connected to the sensor device 300 via the input / output interface 210, and measures the intensity of the signal output from the sensor device 300 and analyzes the content of the signal. Then, the event detection unit 110 determines whether the measured signal strength is lower than a predetermined reference value or whether the analyzed signal is a signal indicating an error or an unexpected signal. In this case, predetermined reference values to be compared are stored in advance in, for example, the memory 206 or the storage device 208. If it is detected that the measured signal strength is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value or that the analyzed signal is a signal indicating an error or an unexpected signal, the event detection unit 110 Control rule change unit 120 is notified.
- the control rule change unit 120 specifies a second control rule to be applied when “an abnormality occurs in the sensor device 300”.
- the second control rule in this case is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a rule such as "stop the vehicle in a predetermined procedure (for example, add a hazard lamp and control the brake and gradually decelerate)" .
- the control device 100 is configured to give up control to the driver by giving up control by automatic driving instead of changing to the second control rule. It may be
- the event detection unit 110 states that “when a vehicle is traveling on a road having a plurality of lanes on one side, an accident has occurred in at least one of the plurality of lanes”. The case of detecting a predetermined event will be described.
- the event detection unit 110 is, for example, information indicating the position of the accident vehicle (for example, position coordinates on the map information, accident) via the control device 502 of the other vehicle or the road-vehicle communication device 504 provided along the road. It is possible to detect a predetermined event by acquiring information on the lane where the event is occurring, etc.).
- the control device 502 of another vehicle detects the presence of the accident vehicle using, for example, various sensors mounted on the other vehicle, information indicating the presence of the accident vehicle is used as position information of the accident vehicle (for example, Such information can be transmitted by inter-vehicle communication, together with position coordinates on map information, information on lanes in which an accident has occurred, and the like.
- the event detection unit 110 can detect a predetermined event via the control device 502 of the other vehicle by performing inter-vehicle communication with the control device 502 of the other vehicle.
- the device for road-to-vehicle communication 504 collects information indicating the presence of the accident vehicle and the position information of the accident vehicle from the control device 502 of the other vehicle, and the information collected in the jurisdiction area of the device for road-vehicle communication 504 Can be broadcast.
- the event detection unit 110 can detect a predetermined event via the road-vehicle communication apparatus 504 by receiving the information broadcasted from the road-vehicle communication apparatus 504.
- the presence or absence (predetermined event) of an accident vehicle is detected by analyzing image data generated by the camera. You can also.
- the sensor device 300 mounted on the host vehicle is LIDAR
- presence / absence (predetermined event) of an accident vehicle is determined based on an image generated from point cloud data obtained by laser light scanning of the LIDAR. It can also be detected.
- the event detection unit 110 can determine the presence or absence of the accident vehicle in the image data using a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) or the like constructed using an image of the accident vehicle as learning data.
- CNN Convolutional Neural Network
- the control rule changing unit 120 changes the control rule used at the time of automatic driving to the default rule before the first control rule is constructed by machine learning.
- the default rule is a control rule in an initial state in which machine learning is not performed, and in other words, it can be said as a control rule having no inherent characteristic.
- the control rule changing unit 120 sets a plurality of control rules used at the time of automatic driving. It may be changed to a rule (hereinafter also referred to as a “common rule”) commonly used among the control devices (the control device 100, the control device 502 for another vehicle, and other control devices mounted on a vehicle not shown).
- the common rule may be prepared as a common rule in the range of, for example, the whole world, country unit, area unit, vehicle type unit, vehicle maker unit. These common rules are stored in advance in the memory 206 or the storage device 208, for example, in a format as shown in FIG.
- the common rules may be stored, for example, in map data for automatic driving stored in the storage device 208 or a server device outside the vehicle V or the like.
- map data for automatic driving stored in the storage device 208 or a server device outside the vehicle V or the like.
- the event detection unit 110 detects, as a predetermined event, that an obstacle (such as a falling object, depression of a road surface or flooding) is present on the lane on which the vehicle is traveling. .
- an obstacle such as a falling object, depression of a road surface or flooding
- the event detection unit 110 is, for example, information indicating the position of an obstacle (for example, position coordinates on map information, obstacle, etc., via the control device 502 of another vehicle or the device for road-to-vehicle communication 504 provided along the road).
- a predetermined event can be detected by acquiring information on the lane in which the object is present, etc.).
- the control device 502 of the other vehicle indicates information indicating the presence of the obstacle, position information of the obstacle (for example, map information
- Such information can be transmitted through inter-vehicle communication, with the above position coordinates, information on the lane in which the obstacle is present, etc.).
- the event detection unit 110 can detect a predetermined event via the control device 502 of the other vehicle by performing inter-vehicle communication with the control device 502 of the other vehicle.
- the device for road-to-vehicle communication 504 collects information indicating the presence of an obstacle and position information of the obstacle from the control device 502 of another vehicle, and the information collected in the jurisdictional area of the device for road-to-vehicle communication 504 Can be broadcast.
- the event detection unit 110 can detect a predetermined event via the road-vehicle communication apparatus 504 by receiving the information broadcasted from the road-vehicle communication apparatus 504.
- the presence or absence (predetermined event) of an obstacle can also be detected using the sensor device 300 mounted in the own vehicle.
- the event detection unit 110 can recognize the shape of a road surface or an obstacle on the road surface based on an image generated using an image sensor or a scan result (distance image) by LIDAR.
- control rule changing unit 120 uses the control rule to be used during automatic operation between the plurality of control devices and the default rule before the first control rule is constructed by machine learning. It can be changed to a commonly used rule.
- the event detection unit 110 is a predetermined event that “the information indicating the operation to be taken by the vehicle is received from the control device 502 for another vehicle or the device for road-to-vehicle communication 504 as a second control rule”. The case of detecting as will be described.
- the control device 502 of another vehicle detects the presence or absence of an obstacle or an accident vehicle on the road surface.
- the control device 502 of another vehicle can detect an obstacle on a road surface or an accident vehicle, for example, based on an output from a sensor device provided in the other vehicle.
- the control device 502 of the other vehicle can also acquire the information on the obstacle on the road surface and the information on the accident vehicle from the device 504 for road-vehicle communication.
- the control device 502 of the other vehicle controls the other vehicle so as to avoid the obstacle or the accident vehicle, and generates information indicating the action to be taken by the following vehicle Do.
- the control device 502 of the other vehicle gives, for example, a dedicated identifier to the generated information, and transmits it to the subsequent vehicle via the communication device.
- the road-vehicle communication device 504 may detect the presence or absence of an obstacle on a road surface or an accident vehicle based on an output from a sensor device provided in another vehicle.
- the road-to-vehicle communication device 504 collects, for example, information (sensor information) on obstacles and accident vehicles on the road surface from surrounding vehicles, and uses the collected information to take each vehicle present in the target area. Determine the action to be done.
- the road-to-vehicle communication device 504 broadcasts the information indicating the determined operation, for example, in the target area after assigning a dedicated identifier.
- the control device 502 of another vehicle or the device for road-vehicle communication 504 may be a vehicle whose number at the end of the number plate is odd. Can move to the left lane, and can send an indication that vehicles with the even number move to the right lane.
- the event detection unit 110 receives information indicating the operation to be taken by the own vehicle from the control device 502 of another vehicle or the road-vehicle communication device 504, the event detection unit 110 uses the information as a second control rule to automatically Control the operation during driving.
- the event detection unit 110 can determine that the information is “information indicating an operation to be taken by the host vehicle” based on the identifier added to the information received from the other vehicle.
- the operation at the time of automatic driving is controlled based on an instruction transmitted from the control device 502 of another vehicle or the device 504 for road-vehicle communication. This prevents unstable operation due to the inherent characteristics of machine learning.
- control device 100 the control device 100, the control device 502 for another vehicle, and other control devices mounted on a vehicle not shown.
- the control device 100 of the present embodiment further includes a configuration for updating this common rule.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram conceptually showing the functional configuration of the control device 100 in the second embodiment.
- the control device 100 of the present embodiment further includes an update information acquisition unit 130 and a common rule update unit 140.
- a server apparatus 506 that generates information for updating the common rule is communicably connected to the control apparatus 100.
- the update information acquisition unit 130 acquires update information of the common rule from the server device 506.
- the server device 506 performs learning by using the result of automatic driving control based on the common rule (for example, change in congestion degree) as a reward, and updates the common rule.
- the server device 506 uses information indicating how each vehicle operated according to the common rule and information indicating a change in congestion degree from sensor devices provided around each vehicle or road. Acquire and evaluate the current common rules. Then, the server device 506 updates the common rule based on the evaluation result. For example, it is assumed that as a result of performing “action A” defined in the common rule, a reward “the degree of congestion has deteriorated by more than the allowable value” is obtained.
- information is generated to update the common rule so as to lower the priority for selecting the operation A by giving a penalty corresponding to a certain or deterioration degree to the “operation A”.
- a configuration may also be adopted in which the person in charge of management manually inputs the update information of the common rule to the server device 506 and distributes the updated information to the control device of each vehicle.
- the server device 506 distributes the update information of the common rule generated in this manner to each vehicle.
- the server apparatus 506 may be comprised so that the new common rule updated using the update information of the common rule may be distributed toward the control apparatus of each vehicle.
- the update information of the common rule distributed from the server device 506 may be distributed to the control device 100 of each vehicle via the road-vehicle communication device 504.
- the common rule update unit 140 updates the common rule stored in the memory 206 or the storage device 208 using the update information of the common rule acquired by the update information acquisition unit 130.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the hardware configuration of the control device 100 according to the second embodiment.
- the storage device 208 stores program modules for realizing the functions of the update information acquisition unit 130 and the common rule update unit 140.
- the processor 204 implements the functions of the update information acquisition unit 130 and the common rule update unit 140 by reading these program modules into the memory 206 and executing them.
- the server device 506 is connected via the network interface 212.
- FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram illustrating the flow of processing performed by the control device 100 according to the second embodiment.
- the server device 506 collects log information of automatic driving control based on the common rule (for example, information indicating an operation and time on the common rule selected at the time of automatic driving, etc.) from a plurality of control devices mounted on each vehicle (S202). Further, the server device 506 acquires information indicating a change in the degree of traffic congestion along with time information from the road-vehicle communication device 504 provided along the road (S204). Then, the server device 506 generates common rule update information based on the operation selected by each vehicle according to the current common rule and the result (reward) accompanying it (S206). The server device 506 can identify the correspondence between the information collected in the processing of S202 and S204 based on the time information.
- the common rule for example, information indicating an operation and time on the common rule selected at the time of automatic driving, etc.
- the server device 506 distributes the update information of the common rule generated in the process of S206 to the control device of each vehicle (S208).
- the server device 506 may temporarily transmit the update information of the common rule to the road-vehicle communication device 504, and may distribute the updated information to the respective vehicles via the road-vehicle communication device 504.
- the update information acquisition unit 130 receives the update information of the common rule distributed in S208.
- the common rule update unit 140 updates the current common rule stored in the memory 206 and the storage device 208 based on the update information of the common rule acquired by the update information acquisition unit 130 (S210).
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Abstract
Description
機械学習に基づく第1の制御ルールを用いて車両が自動運転している間に、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを変更するトリガーとなるイベントが検出されたか否かを判定するイベント検出部と、
前記イベント検出部により前記トリガーとなるイベントが検出された場合、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを、前記トリガーとなるイベントに応じた第2の制御ルールに変更する制御ルール変更部と、
を備える制御装置である。
コンピュータによって実行される制御方法であって、
機械学習に基づく第1の制御ルールを用いて車両が自動運転している間に、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを変更するトリガーとなるイベントが検出されたか否かを判定する工程と、
前記イベント検出部により前記トリガーとなるイベントが検出された場合、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを、前記トリガーとなるイベントに応じた第2の制御ルールに変更する工程と、
を含む制御方法である。
コンピュータを、
機械学習に基づく第1の制御ルールを用いて車両が自動運転している間に、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを変更するトリガーとなるイベントが検出されたか否かを判定するイベント検出手段、および、
前記イベント検出部により前記トリガーとなるイベントが検出された場合、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを、前記トリガーとなるイベントに応じた第2の制御ルールに変更する制御ルール変更手段、
として機能させるためのプログラムである。
図1は、本発明に係る制御装置100の概要を説明するための図である。図1の例では、制御装置100は車両Vに搭載される装置(例えば、ECU(Electronic Control Unit)など)である。制御装置100は、機械学習によって変化(最適化)していく第1の制御ルールと、機械学習によらない固定のルールである第2の制御ルールとを変更することができる。制御装置100は、詳細には後述するように、機械学習に基づく第1の制御ルールを用いて車両の自動運転が行われているときに、自動運転の制御ルールを変更するトリガーとなる所定のイベントを検出した場合、当該イベントに応じた固定のルールである、第2の制御ルールに変更する。なお、自動運転の制御ルールを変更するトリガーとなる所定のイベントに関する情報は、車両Vに搭載されるセンサデバイス300からの出力、或いは、外部装置500から得ることができる。外部装置500は、例えば、図示しない他の車両に搭載される制御装置100と同様の装置や、道路沿いに設けられる路車間通信用の装置などである。
図2は、第1実施形態における制御装置100の機能構成を概念的に示すブロック図である。図2に示されるように、本実施形態の制御装置100は、イベント検出部110および制御ルール変更部120を有する。
制御装置100の各機能構成部は、各機能構成部を実現するハードウエア(例:ハードワイヤードされた電子回路など)で実現されてもよいし、ハードウエアとソフトウエアとの組み合わせ(例:電子回路とそれを制御するプログラムの組み合わせなど)で実現されてもよい。以下、制御装置100の各機能構成部がハードウエアとソフトウエアとの組み合わせで実現される場合について、更に説明する。
図4を用いて、本実施形態の制御装置100によって実行される処理の流れを概略的に説明する。図4は、第1実施形態の制御装置100によって実行される処理の流れを例示するフローチャートである。
本具体例では、イベント検出部110が、「センサデバイス300に異常が生じていること」を所定のイベントとして検出するケースについて説明する。ここで、センサデバイス300の異常とは、光学系(レンズ等)の汚損、内部故障、センシング環境下の外乱(太陽光、雨、霧、雪、対向車のライト等)又は、エラーを意味する信号や予期しない信号の検出などによる、センサデバイス300からの出力信号の異常やセンサデバイス300と制御装置100間での通信不良を意味する。
本具体例では、イベント検出部110が、「片側に複数の車線を有する道路を車両が走行しているときに、当該複数の車線の少なくともいずれか1つの車線において事故が起こっていること」を所定のイベントとして検出するケースについて説明する。
本具体例では、イベント検出部110が、「車両が走行している車線上に障害物(落下物、路面の陥没や冠水など)が存在すること」を所定のイベントとして検出するケースについて説明する。
本具体例では、イベント検出部110が、「他車両の制御装置502または路車間通信用装置504から、車両が取るべき動作を示す情報を第2の制御ルールとして受信したこと」を所定のイベントとして検出するケースについて説明する。
第1実施形態において、複数の制御装置(制御装置100、他車両の制御装置502、その他の図示しない車両に搭載される制御装置)間で共通のルールを用いる例を示した。本実施形態の制御装置100は、この共通ルールを更新する構成を更に備える。
図6は、第2実施形態における制御装置100の機能構成を概念的に示すブロック図である。図6に示されるように、本実施形態の制御装置100は、更新情報取得部130と共通ルール更新部140とを更に備える。また、図7に示されるように、本実施形態において、共通ルールを更新するための情報を生成するサーバ装置506が、制御装置100と通信可能に接続されている。
図7は、第2実施形態の制御装置100のハードウエア構成を例示する図である。本実施形態では、ストレージデバイス208は更新情報取得部130および共通ルール更新部140の機能を実現するためのプログラムモジュールを記憶している。プロセッサ204は、これらのプログラムモジュールをメモリ206に読み出して実行することで、更新情報取得部130および共通ルール更新部140の機能をそれぞれ実現する。また、本実施形態では、ネットワークインタフェース212を介してサーバ装置506が接続されている。
図8を用いて、第2実施形態の制御装置100により実行される処理の流れを説明する。図8は、第2実施形態の制御装置100により実行される処理の流れを例示するシーケンス図である。
Claims (13)
- 機械学習に基づく第1の制御ルールを用いて車両が自動運転している間に、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを変更するトリガーとなるイベントが検出されたか否かを判定するイベント検出部と、
前記イベント検出部により前記トリガーとなるイベントが検出された場合、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを、前記トリガーとなるイベントに応じた第2の制御ルールに変更する制御ルール変更部と、
を備える制御装置。 - 前記イベント検出部は、他の車両又は路車間通信用装置を経由して前記トリガーとなるイベントを検出する、
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記イベント検出部は、前記車両に搭載されるセンサからの出力又は前記車両の自動運転時に使用される自動運転用地図データに含まれる動的情報に基づいて、前記トリガーとなるイベントを検出する、
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記イベント検出部は、前記センサに異常が生じていること又は前記動的情報が事故、渋滞、気象、交通規制、道路工事のいずれかを示す情報を、前記トリガーとなるイベントとして検出する、
請求項3に記載の制御装置。 - 前記第2の制御ルールは前記車両を停止させるルールである、
請求項4に記載の制御装置。 - 前記イベント検出部は、片側に複数の車線を有する道路を走行しているときに、前記複数の車線の少なくともいずれか1つにおいて事故が起こっていることを、前記トリガーとなるイベントとして検出する、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記イベント検出部は、前記車両の走路上に障害物が存在することを、前記トリガーとなるイベントとして検出する、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記イベント検出部は、前記第2の制御ルールとして前記車両が取るべき動作を示す情報を前記他の車両または前記路車間通信用装置から受信したことを、前記トリガーとなるイベントとして検出する、請求項2に記載の制御装置。
- 前記第2の制御ルールは、前記機械学習によって前記第1の制御ルールが構築される前のデフォルトルールである、
請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記第2の制御ルールは、複数の前記制御装置の間で共通に用いられる共通ルールである、
請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の制御装置。 - 前記共通ルールの更新情報を取得する更新情報取得部と、
前記更新情報に基づいて前記共通ルールを更新する共通ルール更新部と、を更に備える、
請求項10に記載の制御装置。 - コンピュータによって実行される制御方法であって、
機械学習に基づく第1の制御ルールを用いて車両が自動運転している間に、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを変更するトリガーとなるイベントが検出されたか否かを判定する工程と、
前記トリガーとなるイベントが検出された場合、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを、前記トリガーとなるイベントに応じた第2の制御ルールに変更する工程と、
を含む制御方法。 - コンピュータを、
機械学習に基づく第1の制御ルールを用いて車両が自動運転している間に、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを変更するトリガーとなるイベントが検出されたか否かを判定するイベント検出手段、および、
前記イベント検出手段により前記トリガーとなるイベントが検出された場合、前記車両の自動運転時の制御ルールを、前記トリガーとなるイベントに応じた第2の制御ルールに変更する制御ルール変更手段、
として機能させるためのプログラム。
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| JP2024170516A (ja) | 2024-12-10 |
| US20200168094A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
| EP3657464A1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
| JP6974465B2 (ja) | 2021-12-01 |
| JPWO2019017253A1 (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
| EP3657464B1 (en) | 2025-08-06 |
| JP2022009988A (ja) | 2022-01-14 |
| JP2023107847A (ja) | 2023-08-03 |
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