WO2019029218A1 - 汽车空调系统 - Google Patents

汽车空调系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019029218A1
WO2019029218A1 PCT/CN2018/087209 CN2018087209W WO2019029218A1 WO 2019029218 A1 WO2019029218 A1 WO 2019029218A1 CN 2018087209 W CN2018087209 W CN 2018087209W WO 2019029218 A1 WO2019029218 A1 WO 2019029218A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
valve
air conditioning
conditioning system
pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/087209
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2019029218A9 (zh
Inventor
董军启
贾世伟
梁杰
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Hangzhou Sanhua Research Institute Co Ltd
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Hangzhou Sanhua Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710679735.5A external-priority patent/CN107791781B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710672529.1A external-priority patent/CN107791780B/zh
Application filed by Hangzhou Sanhua Research Institute Co Ltd filed Critical Hangzhou Sanhua Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority to US16/627,717 priority Critical patent/US11358438B2/en
Priority to EP18843828.7A priority patent/EP3666565B1/en
Publication of WO2019029218A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019029218A1/zh
Publication of WO2019029218A9 publication Critical patent/WO2019029218A9/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
    • B60H1/00328—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the liquid-air type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
    • B60H1/00342—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the liquid-liquid type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
    • B60H1/00428—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00907—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant changes and an evaporator becomes condenser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat source being other than the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat source being other than the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat source being other than the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • B60H1/3211—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency of a vehicle refrigeration cycle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • B60H1/3213—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency in a vehicle heat pump
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/003—Component temperature regulation using an air flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00942—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a plurality of heat exchangers, e.g. for multi zone heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of air conditioning, and in particular to an automobile air conditioning system.
  • the automobile air conditioning system is a device that realizes cooling, heating, ventilation, and air purification of the air in the cabin. It can provide passengers with a comfortable riding environment, reduce the driver's fatigue strength and improve driving safety.
  • the invention provides an automobile air conditioning system.
  • An automobile air conditioning system comprising a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a first combined valve, a second combined valve 6, and an outdoor heat exchanger;
  • the automotive air conditioning system further includes a first refrigeration mechanism and a first heating mechanism, the compressor, the outdoor heat exchanger, the first combined valve, the second combined valve, and the first change under the first refrigeration mechanism
  • the heaters are sequentially connected to form a loop;
  • the compressor, the first heat exchanger, the first combined valve, the second combined valve, and the outdoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a circuit
  • the utility model also includes a circulating fluid circuit, wherein the circulating fluid circuit further comprises a fourth heat exchanger;
  • the cabinet further includes a tank, and the first heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are disposed in the tank.
  • the compressor, the outdoor heat exchanger, the first combined valve, and the second heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a loop, the first pump, the second heat exchanger, and the first heat exchange The devices are sequentially connected to form a loop;
  • the compressor, the second heat exchanger, the second combined valve, and the outdoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a loop, and the first pump, the second heat exchanger, and the first exchange The heaters are sequentially connected to form a loop;
  • a first expansion reservoir connected to the first pump is further included.
  • the first combination valve includes a first expansion valve 4a and a first one-way valve 4b connected in parallel;
  • the second combination valve includes a second expansion valve 5a and a second check valve 5b connected in parallel.
  • the refrigerant sequentially flows through the first heat exchanger, the first check valve 4b, the second expansion valve 5a, and the outdoor heat exchanger; under the first refrigeration mechanism, the refrigerant sequentially flows through the chamber An outdoor heat exchanger, the second check valve 5b, the first expansion valve 4a, and the first heat exchanger;
  • the automotive air conditioning system further includes a second refrigeration mechanism, In the second refrigeration mechanism, the compressor, the outdoor heat exchanger, the expansion valve, and the third heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a loop, and the third heat exchanger, the second pump, and the battery unit are sequentially connected to form a loop.
  • the automotive air conditioning system further includes a second heating mechanism, wherein the third heat exchanger, the second pump, the heater, and the battery unit are sequentially connected to form a loop.
  • the automobile air conditioning system further includes a dehumidification mechanism, wherein the compressor, the second heat exchanger, the expansion valve, and the third heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a loop, and the third exchange The heater, the second pump, and the fourth heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form a loop.
  • the method further includes a three-way valve, the first outlet of the three-way valve leading to the battery unit, the second outlet leading to the third heat exchanger, and the third outlet of the three-way valve To the fourth heat exchanger.
  • a baffle is further disposed, the baffle being disposed between the first heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger.
  • a second expansion reservoir connected to the second pump is further included.
  • the first heat exchanger participates in both cooling and heating, and can reduce the volume of the system, thereby reducing the amount of refrigerant charged.
  • the refrigeration and heating share the same circulating fluid circuit formed by the first pump, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, thereby further reducing the system volume and reducing the refrigerant charge.
  • the first heat exchanger is selected as a liquid heat exchanger, and the refrigerant circuit is separated from the circulating liquid circuit, thereby minimizing the amount of refrigerant entering the second heat exchanger and improving system safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an automobile air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant flow path and a circulating fluid flow path of the automobile air conditioning system of FIG. 1 in a first refrigeration mechanism, wherein a bold portion represents a flow path;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant flow path and a circulating fluid flow path of the automobile air conditioning system of FIG. 1 in a first refrigeration mechanism, wherein a bold portion represents a flow path;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant flow path and a circulating fluid flow path of the automotive air conditioning system of FIG. 1 under a first heating mechanism, wherein a bold portion represents a flow path;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant flow path and a circulating fluid flow path of the automobile air conditioning system of FIG. 1 in a second refrigeration mechanism, wherein a thick portion indicates a flow path;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant flow path and a circulating liquid flow path of the automobile air conditioning system of FIG. 1 in a first refrigeration mechanism and a second refrigeration mechanism, wherein a thick portion represents a flow path;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the flow path of the circulating fluid of the automobile air conditioning system of Figure 1 under the second heating mechanism, wherein the thickened portion indicates the flow path;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the refrigerant flow path and the circulating fluid flow path of the automotive air conditioning system of Figure 1 and the circulating fluid flow path of the second refrigeration mechanism, wherein the bolded portion represents the flow path;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant flow path and a circulating fluid flow path of the automotive air conditioning system of FIG. 1 under a first heating mechanism and a dehumidification mechanism, wherein the thickened portion represents the flow path.
  • 100 tank; 101: second heat exchanger; 102: fourth heat exchanger; 103: fan; 104: baffle.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various information in the present invention, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.
  • first information may also be referred to as the second information without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • second information may also be referred to as the first information.
  • word "if” as used herein may be interpreted as "when” or “when” or “in response to a determination.”
  • an automotive air conditioning system may include a compressor 1, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 2, a second expansion device 3, and an outdoor heat exchanger 4.
  • the first heat exchanger 101 and the outdoor heat exchanger 4 are both air-cooled heat exchangers.
  • the automobile air conditioning system further includes a first cooling mechanism and a first heating mechanism, the first cooling mechanism can realize cooling of the cabin, and the first heating mechanism can realize heating of the cabin.
  • the car air conditioner can only have one of the first refrigeration mechanism and the first heating mechanism.
  • an automobile air conditioning system may include a compressor 1, a first heat exchanger 2, a first pump 3, a first combination valve 4, a second combination valve 5, and an outdoor heat exchange system.
  • the second heat exchanger 2 is a water-cooled heat exchanger
  • the first heat exchanger 101 and the outdoor heat exchanger 6 are both air-cooled heat exchangers.
  • the automobile air conditioning system further includes a first cooling mechanism and a first heating mechanism, the first cooling mechanism can realize cooling of the cabin, and the first heating mechanism can realize heating of the cabin.
  • the car air conditioner may have one of the first refrigeration mechanism and the first heating mechanism.
  • the compressor 1, the outdoor heat exchanger 6, the first combined valve 4, and the second heat exchanger 2 are sequentially connected to form a circuit
  • the first pump 3, the second heat exchanger 2 and
  • the first heat exchangers 101 are sequentially connected to form a loop.
  • the compressor 1, the second heat exchanger 2, the second combination valve 5, and the outdoor heat exchanger 6 are sequentially connected to form a circuit
  • the first pump 3 and the second heat exchanger 2 are sequentially connected.
  • the first heat exchangers 101 are sequentially connected to form a loop.
  • the compressor 1, the outdoor heat exchanger 6, the first combined valve 4 and the second heat exchanger 2 are sequentially connected to form a circuit
  • the circuit 6 is connected in sequence to form a circuit.
  • the two circuits are refrigerant circuits, and the circuits formed by sequentially connecting the first pump 3, the second heat exchanger 2, and the first heat exchanger 101 are circulating fluid circuits.
  • the sequential connection only describes the order relationship of the connections between the devices, and other devices, such as a shut-off valve, etc., may be included between the devices.
  • the type of the circulating liquid of the present invention can be selected as needed.
  • the circulating liquid can be a substance capable of heat exchange such as water or oil, a mixed liquid of water and ethylene glycol, or another mixed liquid capable of heat exchange.
  • the second heat exchanger 2 is used as an evaporator, and the outdoor heat exchanger 6 is used as a condenser.
  • the gaseous refrigerant enters the outdoor heat exchanger 6.
  • the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant exchanges heat with the outdoor air flow in the outdoor heat exchanger 6, and the refrigerant releases heat, and the released heat is carried by the air flow to the external ambient air.
  • the refrigerant undergoes a phase change and condenses into a liquid or gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 6, enters the first combined valve 4 to expand, and is cooled down to become a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant.
  • the low temperature and low pressure refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger 2, exchanges heat with the circulating liquid in the second heat exchanger 2, absorbs heat of the circulating liquid, and the low temperature circulating liquid enters the first heat exchanger 101, and the low temperature circulating liquid
  • the heat of the air around the first heat exchanger 101 is absorbed to lower the temperature of the air around the first heat exchanger 101.
  • the cold air enters the grille duct (not shown in FIG. 3) and is It is fed into the cabin to reduce the temperature of the cabin and provide a comfortable ride environment.
  • the refrigerant undergoes a phase change and most of the vaporized refrigerant is evaporated into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and is returned to the compressor 1 to realize the recycling of the refrigerant.
  • the second heat exchanger 2 is used as a condenser or a gas cooler, and the outdoor heat exchanger 6 is used as an evaporator.
  • the compressor 1 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger 2, and is exchanged with the circulating liquid in the second heat exchanger 2.
  • the refrigerant releases heat
  • the circulating liquid in the second heat exchanger 2 becomes a high temperature circulating liquid
  • the high temperature circulating liquid enters the first heat exchanger 101 to exchange heat with the air around the first heat exchanger 101
  • the heat is released to the air to increase the temperature of the air around the first heat exchanger 101.
  • the hot air enters the grille duct (not shown in FIG. 4) and is sent into the cabin to increase the cabin temperature. Provide a comfortable ride environment.
  • the cooled refrigerant flows to the second combination valve 5, and is cooled and lowered to become a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant, and the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant enters the outdoor heat exchanger 6, absorbing heat in the external air flow, and transforming into a low-pressure gas refrigerant. Then, it is returned to the compressor 1 to achieve recycling of the refrigerant.
  • the second heat exchanger 2 participates in both cooling and heating, and can reduce the volume of the system, thereby reducing the amount of refrigerant charged. Further, the cooling and heating share the same circulating fluid circuit formed by the first pump 3, the second heat exchanger 2, and the first heat exchanger 101, thereby further reducing the system volume and reducing the refrigerant charge amount.
  • the second heat exchanger 2 is selected as a liquid heat exchanger to separate the refrigerant circuit from the circulating fluid circuit, thereby minimizing the amount of refrigerant entering the first heat exchanger 101 and improving system safety.
  • the second heat exchanger 2 can be selected as a plate heat exchanger or other liquid heat exchanger.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 6 and the first heat exchanger 101 can select the type of the air-cooled heat exchanger as needed, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a gas-liquid separator 9 may be disposed at the inlet of the compressor 1 to separate the refluxed refrigerant, and the liquid portion therein is stored in the gas-liquid separator 9, and the low-temperature low-pressure gas refrigerant portion is compressed. The machine 1 is recompressed to realize the recycling of the refrigerant.
  • the gas-liquid separator 9 may not be provided.
  • the first combination valve 4 and the second combination valve 5 can function to lower the temperature and reduce pressure in the air conditioning system, and generally can include a throttle valve, a common thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve.
  • the first combination valve 4 and the second combination valve 5 are connected in series between the second heat exchanger 2 and the outdoor heat exchanger 6.
  • the first combination valve 4 is connected to the second heat exchanger 2
  • the first combination valve 4 may include a first expansion valve 4a and a first check valve 4b connected in parallel.
  • the second combination valve 5 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 6, and the second combination valve 5 may include a second expansion valve 5a and a second check valve 5b connected in parallel.
  • the second heat exchanger 2, the first combined valve 4, the second combined valve 5, and the outdoor heat exchanger 6 are sequentially connected. Under the first refrigeration mechanism, the second check valve 5b and the first expansion valve 4a operate, and the second expansion valve 5a and the first check valve 4b are closed. Under the first heating mechanism, the first check valve 4b and the second expansion valve 5a operate, and the first expansion valve 4a and the second check valve 5b are closed.
  • the first combination valve 4 and the second combination valve 5 are provided to optimize the refrigerant circuit and reduce the amount of pipelines laid in the air conditioning system.
  • first expansion valve 4a and the first one-way valve 4b may be opened and the other may be cut off.
  • second expansion valve 5a and the second one-way valve 5b are also one of the open and the other of which is closed.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may include a first shutoff valve 7a, a second shutoff valve 7b, a third shutoff valve 7c, and a fourth shutoff valve 7d.
  • the outlet of the compressor 1 comprises two branches, one branch is connected via the second shut-off valve 7b to the interface of the second heat exchanger 2 not connected to the first combination valve 4, and the other branch is connected to the outdoor via the third shut-off valve 7c
  • the heat exchanger 6 is not connected to the interface of the second combination valve 5.
  • shut-off valve 7d The interface of the outdoor heat exchanger 6 that is not connected to the second combination valve 5 is connected via the fourth shutoff valve 7d.
  • the third shutoff valve 7c is connected in parallel with the second shutoff valve 7b and the fourth shutoff valve 7d.
  • the switching of the different mechanisms is achieved by opening and closing the first shut-off valve 7a, the second shut-off valve 7b, the third shut-off valve 7c and the fourth shut-off valve 7d.
  • Each of the above-mentioned shut-off valves may be a manual shut-off valve or an electric or pneumatic shut-off valve.
  • the flow path of the refrigerant circuit includes: compressor 1-> third stop valve 7c-> outdoor heat exchanger 6-> second check valve 5b-> first expansion valve 4a-> second heat exchanger 2-> First shut-off valve 7a -> gas-liquid separator 9 -> compressor 1.
  • the flow path of the circulating fluid circuit includes: a first pump 3 -> a second heat exchanger 2 -> a first heat exchanger 101 -> a first pump 3.
  • the flow path of the refrigerant circuit includes: compressor 1->second stop valve 7b->second heat exchanger 2->first check valve 4b->second expansion valve 5a->outdoor heat exchanger 6-> Fourth shut-off valve 7d -> gas-liquid separator 9 -> compressor 1.
  • the flow path of the circulating fluid circuit includes: a first pump 3 -> a second heat exchanger 2 -> a first heat exchanger 101 -> a first pump 3.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may further include a first expansion reservoir 8 connected to the first pump 3 for use as a first refrigeration mechanism and a supply of a circulating fluid circuit under the first heating mechanism. And can accommodate and compensate for the expansion and contraction of the circulating fluid in the circulating fluid circuit.
  • the automotive air conditioning system also includes a battery unit 10 that supplies power to the electrical equipment of the vehicle.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may further include an expansion valve 11, a third heat exchanger 12, and a second pump 13.
  • the third heat exchanger 12 is a liquid heat exchanger.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may also include a second refrigeration mechanism that enables refrigeration of the battery unit 10 to prevent excessive temperature of the battery unit 10.
  • the compressor 1, the outdoor heat exchanger 6, the expansion valve 11, and the third heat exchanger 12 are sequentially connected to form a circuit, the third heat exchanger 12, the second pump 13, and the battery unit. 10 sequentially connected to form a loop.
  • the loop formed by sequentially connecting the compressor 1, the outdoor heat exchanger 6, the expansion valve 11, and the third heat exchanger 12 is a refrigerant circuit, and the third heat exchanger 12, the second pump 13, and the battery unit 10 are sequentially connected to form a loop.
  • the circuit is a circulating fluid circuit.
  • the interface of the second combination valve 5 connected to the first combination valve 4 is also connected to the expansion valve 11.
  • the expansion valve 11 can also function to lower the temperature and pressure in the air conditioning system, and generally includes a throttle valve, a common thermal expansion valve, or an electronic expansion valve. In the present embodiment, the expansion valve 11 includes an expansion valve.
  • the flow path of the refrigerant circuit includes: compressor 1-> third stop valve 7c-> outdoor heat exchanger 6-> second check valve 5b-> expansion valve 11-> third heat exchanger 12-> gas liquid Separator 9 -> Compressor 1.
  • the flow path of the circulating fluid circuit includes: a second pump 13 -> battery unit 10 -> a third heat exchanger 12 -> a second pump 13 .
  • the third heat exchanger 12 is used as an evaporator and the outdoor heat exchanger 6 is used as a condenser.
  • the compressor 1 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure gas refrigerant into a high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant enters the outdoor heat exchanger 6, and the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant is in the outdoor heat exchanger 6 and outdoor.
  • the refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 6, enters the expansion valve 11 to expand, and is cooled down to become a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant.
  • the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant enters the third heat exchanger 12, exchanges heat with the circulating liquid in the third heat exchanger 12, absorbs the heat of the circulating liquid, and the circulating liquid absorbed by the heat enters the battery unit 10, thereby taking the battery away.
  • the heat of the unit 10, the circulating liquid flows into the third heat exchanger 12 again, and thus circulates.
  • the refrigerant undergoes a phase change and most of the vaporized refrigerant is evaporated into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and is returned to the compressor 1 to realize the recycling of the refrigerant.
  • the first cooling mechanism and the second cooling mechanism can be simultaneously performed, so that the cooling of the cabin and the cooling of the battery unit 10 can be realized in the same period of time.
  • the vehicle is in a hot environment.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may further include a heater 14, which is configured to heat the battery unit 10 to prevent the temperature of the battery unit 10 from being too low and the energy efficiency to decrease.
  • the heater 14 is an electric heater such as a PTC heater. It should be noted that, under the second refrigeration mechanism, the heater 14 only functions to circulate the circulating fluid (similar to the action of the pipeline).
  • the automotive air conditioning system may also include a second heating mechanism. Under the second heating mechanism, the third heat exchanger 12, the second pump 13, the heater 14, and the battery unit 10 are sequentially connected to form a circuit.
  • the loop formed by sequentially connecting the third heat exchanger 12, the second pump 13, the heater 14, and the battery unit 10 is a circulating fluid circuit.
  • the flow path of the circulating fluid circuit includes: a second pump 13 -> heater 14 -> battery unit 10 -> third heat exchanger 12 -> second pump 13.
  • the third heat exchanger 12 only functions as a circulating circulating liquid
  • the circulating liquid in the second pump 13 enters the heater 14 to be heated
  • the heater 14 outputs a high temperature circulating liquid to the battery.
  • the unit 10 realizes heating of the battery unit 10, and the circulating liquid flows into the third heat exchanger 12 again, and thus circulates.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may further include a second expansion reservoir 15 that communicates with the second pump 13 for use as a supply of a circulating fluid circuit in the second refrigeration mechanism and the second heating mechanism. And can accommodate and compensate for the expansion and contraction of the circulating fluid in the circulating fluid circuit.
  • the first heating mechanism and the second heating mechanism can be simultaneously performed, so that heating of the cabin can be realized and the battery unit 10 can be realized in the same period of time. Heating, suitable for vehicles in a cold environment.
  • the cabin refrigeration and the battery unit 10 are cooled to share the same heat exchanger, and the heating of the cabin and the heating of the battery unit 10 also need to share the same heat exchanger, so that both heat exchangers need more power, two
  • the volume of the heat exchanger is large, and the charge of the refrigerant is also large.
  • the cooling or heating of the vehicle compartment is realized by providing the second heat exchanger 2
  • the cooling or temperature rise of the battery unit 10 is realized by the circulating liquid circuit provided with the third heat exchanger 12 and the heater 14, which can be reduced.
  • the use of the same heat exchanger causes a problem of a large volume of the components, and the use of the circulating fluid circuit can reduce the amount of refrigerant charged.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may further include a fourth heat exchanger 102.
  • the fourth heat exchanger 102 is selected as a radiator, and dehumidification of the cabin can be achieved.
  • the automotive air conditioning system also includes a dehumidification mechanism that is generally only used during winter dehumidification.
  • the compressor 1, the second heat exchanger 2, the expansion valve 11, and the third heat exchanger 12 are sequentially connected to form a circuit
  • the third heat exchanger 12, the second pump 13, and the fourth heat exchanger 102 are sequentially arranged. Connected to form a loop.
  • the loop formed by sequentially connecting the compressor 1, the second heat exchanger 2, the expansion valve 11, and the third heat exchanger 12 is a refrigerant circuit
  • the loop formed by the 102 sequential connections is a circulating fluid circuit.
  • the flow path of the refrigerant circuit includes: compressor 1->second stop valve 7b->second heat exchanger 2->first check valve 4b->expansion valve 11-> Third heat exchanger 12 -> gas-liquid separator 9 -> compressor 1.
  • the flow path of the circulating fluid circuit includes: a second pump 13 -> a heater 14 -> a fourth heat exchanger 102 -> a third heat exchanger 12 -> a second pump 13 .
  • the heater 14 functions only to circulate the circulating liquid.
  • the compressor 1 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger 2, the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant and the second
  • the circulating liquid in the heat exchanger 2 performs heat exchange. Specifically, the refrigerant releases heat, and the circulating liquid in the second heat exchanger 2 is heated to a high-temperature circulating liquid.
  • the high temperature circulating fluid enters the first heat exchanger 101 to exchange heat with the air flow around the first heat exchanger 101, which is the air cooled and dehumidified by the fourth heat exchanger 102.
  • the cooled refrigerant flows to the expansion valve 11, and is cooled and lowered to become a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant, and the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant enters the third heat exchanger 12, and exchanges heat with the circulating liquid in the third heat exchanger 12 to absorb
  • the heat of the circulating liquid, the low temperature circulating liquid enters the fourth heat exchanger 102 and exchanges heat with the air around the fourth heat exchanger 102, absorbing heat in the air to reduce the temperature and humidity of the air around the fourth heat exchanger 102,
  • the dehumidified air is sent into the first heat exchanger 101, enters the compartment after heat exchange in the first heat exchanger 101, and realizes a dehumidification function to provide a comfortable riding environment.
  • the refrigerant undergoe
  • the automotive air conditioning system may further include a three-way valve 16.
  • the first outlet of the three-way valve 16 leads to the battery unit 10, the second outlet leads to the third heat exchanger 12, and the third outlet of the three-way valve 16 leads to the fourth heat exchanger 102.
  • the three-way valve 16 By controlling the three-way valve 16, the on/off of the branch is realized, thereby realizing the switching of different mechanisms.
  • two shut-off valves can be used to control the switching of the corresponding branches to achieve switching of different mechanisms.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may further include a cabinet (ie, an air conditioner).
  • the first heat exchanger 101 and the fourth heat exchanger 102 are disposed in the casing 100.
  • the heat exchanger of the first refrigeration mechanism and the heat exchanger of the dehumidification mechanism disposed in the air-conditioning box share the same heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger of the first heating mechanism needs to be additionally disposed due to the first refrigeration
  • the mechanism and the first heating mechanism require a large amount of power, and the two heat exchangers have a large volume.
  • the heat exchanger of the first refrigeration mechanism and the heat exchanger of the first heating mechanism disposed in the air-conditioning box share the same heat exchanger (ie, the first heat exchanger 101), and the heat exchanger of the dehumidification mechanism ( That is, the fourth heat exchanger 102) is independently provided.
  • the volume required for the second heat exchanger 2 is the heat required by the heat exchanger of the existing first refrigeration mechanism, and the heat exchanger of the first heating mechanism
  • the heat exchanger corresponding to the maximum power of both of the required powers is sufficient, and since the power required for the dehumidification mechanism is small, the load of the fourth heat exchanger 102 is lowered, so the volume of the fourth heat exchanger 102 is It can be reduced, thereby simplifying the volume of the air conditioning box, thereby making the control of the air conditioning system simpler.
  • the automotive air conditioning system may further include a baffle 104 disposed between the first heat exchanger 101 and the fourth heat exchanger 102 to control the blowing to the first heat exchanger 101.
  • the amount of wind to control the size of the cold wind or the size of the hot air blown into the car.
  • the first heating mechanism and the dehumidification mechanism work simultaneously.
  • the side of the fourth heat exchanger 102 remote from the baffle 104 is further provided with a fan 103, thereby accelerating the flow of the air flow and improving the working efficiency of the air conditioning system.
  • the fan 103 is opposite to the fourth heat exchanger 102.
  • the position of the baffle 104 can be controlled, so that the baffle 104 can completely block the first heat exchanger 101 and the fan 103, so that the wind blown by the fan 103 cannot be directly blown.
  • the fan 103 can be selected as the blower 103 or the like.
  • the damper in the air-conditioning box may or may not be provided, and has no effect on the air-conditioning system.
  • the simplification of the internal structure of the air-conditioning box greatly reduces the air duct resistance, which can save the power consumption of the fan 103 and improve the cruising range.
  • shut-off valves are specifically described, and the opening and closing of the bypass valve is realized by the opening and closing of the shut-off valve, thereby realizing the switching of multiple mechanisms, the structure of the shut-off valve is simple, and the on-off control is reliable. It can be understood that the formation of the passage under each mechanism can be realized by other methods in the art, and is not limited to the above embodiment of the shut-off valve, such as using the three-way valve 16 instead of the two shut-off valves and the like.
  • the second heat exchanger 2, the first heat exchanger 101, the outdoor heat exchanger 6, the third heat exchanger 12, and the fourth heat exchanger 102 are arranged in such a manner that Under any mechanism, the inlet and outlet of each heat exchanger do not occur as both an inlet and an outlet, so that the capacity of the heat exchanger can be exerted.

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Abstract

一种汽车空调系统，包括压缩机（1）、第一换热器（101）、第一泵（3）、第一组合阀（4）、第二组合阀（5）、室外换热器（6）、第二换热器（2），第一换热器（101）为液体换热器；汽车空调系统还包括第一制冷机制以及第一制热机制，在第一制冷机制下，压缩机（1）、室外换热器（6）、第一组合阀（4）以及第一换热器（101）顺序连通形成回路，第一泵（3）、第一换热器（101）以及第二换热器（2）顺序连通形成回路；在第一制热机制下，压缩机（1）、第一换热器（101）、第二组合阀（5）、室外换热器（6）顺序连通形成回路，第一泵（3）、第一换热器（101）以及第二换热器（2）顺序连通形成回路。

Description

汽车空调系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2017年8月8日提交的、申请号为2017106797355、发明名称为“汽车空调系统”的中国专利申请以及2017年8月8日提交的、申请号为2017106725291、发明名称为“汽车空调系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，这些申请的全文以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及空调领域，尤其涉及一种汽车空调系统。
背景技术
汽车空调系统是实现对车厢内空气进行制冷、加热、换气和空气净化的装置。它可以为乘车人员提供舒适的乘车环境，降低驾驶员的疲劳强度，提高行车安全。
随着新能源汽车的高速发展，热泵系统越来越多地被应用在汽车空调系统中。在采用热泵系统的汽车空调系统中，如何优化热泵系统，从而提高系统性能为系统设计的主要考虑因素之一。
发明内容
本发明提供一种汽车空调系统。
具体地，本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种汽车空调系统，包括压缩机、第一换热器、第一组合阀、第二组合阀6、室外换热器；
所述汽车空调系统还包括第一制冷机制以及第一制热机制，在所述第一制冷机制下，所述压缩机、室外换热器、第一组合阀、第二组合阀以及第一换热器顺序连通形成回路；
在所述第一制热机制下，所述压缩机、第一换热器、第一组合阀、第二组合阀、室外换热器顺序连通形成回路；
还包括循环液回路，所述循环液回路中还包括第四换热器；
还包括箱体，所述第一换热器、第四换热器设于所述箱体内。
可选地，还包括第二换热器；
在所述第一制冷机制下，所述压缩机、室外换热器、第一组合阀以及第二换热器顺序连通形成回路，所述第一泵、第二换热器以及第一换热器顺序连通形成回路；
在所述第一制热机制下，所述压缩机、第二换热器、第二组合阀、室外换热器顺序连通形成回路，所述第一泵、第二换热器以及第一换热器顺序连通形成回路；
可选地，还包括连通所述第一泵的第一膨胀储液箱。
可选地，所述第一组合阀包括并联连接的第一膨胀阀4a和第一单向阀4b；
所述第二组合阀包括并联连接的第二膨胀阀5a和第二单向阀5b。
在第一制热机制下，冷媒依次流经所述第一换热器、第一单向阀4b、第二膨胀阀5a和室外换热器；在第一制冷机制下，冷媒依次流经所述室外换热器、所述第二单向阀5b、所述第一膨胀阀4a、所述第一换热器；
可选地，还包括电池单元、第三膨胀装置、第三换热器、第二泵，所述第三换热器为液体换热器；所述汽车空调系统还包括第二制冷机制，在所述第二制冷机制下，所述压缩机、室外换热器、膨胀阀、第三换热器顺序连通形成回路，所述第三换热器、第二泵以及电池单元顺序连通形成回路。
可选地，还包括加热器；
所述汽车空调系统还包括第二制热机制，在所述第二制热机制下，所述第三换热器、第二泵、加热器以及电池单元顺序连通形成回路。
可选地，所述汽车空调系统还包括除湿机制，在所述除湿机制下，所述压缩机、第二换热器、膨胀阀、第三换热器顺序连通形成回路，所述第三换热器、第二泵以及第四换热器顺序连通形成回路。
可选地，还包括三通阀，所述三通阀的第一出口通向所述电池单元、第二出口通向所述第三换热器，且所述三通阀的第三出口通向所述第四换热器。
可选地，还包括档板，所述档板设于所述第一换热器和所述第四换热器之间。
可选地，还包括连通所述第二泵的第二膨胀储液箱。
由以上技术方案可见，第一换热器既参与制冷也参与制热，能够减小系统体积，从而减小制冷剂的充注量。并且，制冷和制热共用同一由第一泵、第一换热器以及第二换热器顺序连通形成的循环液回路，进一步减小系统体积，减小制冷剂的充注量。另外，第一换热器选择为液体换热器，将制冷剂回路与循环液回路相隔开，能够最大程度地减小制冷剂进入第二换热器的量，提高系统安全性。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本发明。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本发明的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明一实施例提供的汽车空调系统的结构示意图；
图2是图1的汽车空调系统在第一制冷机制下制冷剂流动路径和循环液流动路径示意图，其中加粗部分表示流动路径；
图3是图1的汽车空调系统在第一制冷机制下制冷剂流动路径和循环液流动路径示意图，其中加粗部分表示流动路径；
图4是图1的汽车空调系统在第一制热机制下制冷剂流动路径和循环液流动路径示意图，其中加粗部分表示流动路径；
图5是图1的汽车空调系统在第二制冷机制下制冷剂流动路径和循环液流动路径示意图，其中加粗部分表示流动路径；
图6是图1的汽车空调系统在第一制冷机制和第二制冷机制下制冷剂流动路径和循环液流动路径示意图，其中加粗部分表示流动路径；
图7是图1的汽车空调系统在第二制热机制下循环液流动路径示意图，其中加粗部分表示流动路径；
图8是图1的汽车空调系统在第一制热机制下制冷剂流动路径和循环液流动路径以 及第二制冷机制下循环液流动路径示意图，其中加粗部分表示流动路径；
图9是图1的汽车空调系统在第一制热机制和除湿机制下制冷剂流动路径和循环液流动路径示意图，其中加粗部分表示流动路径。
1：压缩机；2：第一换热器；3：第一泵；4：第一组合阀；4a：第一膨胀阀；4b：第一单向阀；5：第二组合阀；5a：第二膨胀阀；5b：第二单向阀；6：室外换热器；7a：第一截止阀；7b：第二截止阀；7c：第三截止阀；7d：第四截止阀；8：第一膨胀储液箱；9：气液分离器；
10：电池单元；11：膨胀阀；12：第三换热器；13：第二泵；14：加热器；15：第二膨胀储液箱；16：三通阀；
100：箱体；101：第二换热器；102：第四换热器；103：风机；104：挡板。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本发明相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本发明的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
在本发明使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本发明。在本发明和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。
应当理解，尽管在本发明可能采用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，第一信息也可以被称为第二信息，类似地，第二信息也可以被称为第一信息。取决于语境，如在此所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在…… 时”或“当……时”或“响应于确定”。
下面结合附图，对本发明的汽车空调系统进行详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
参见图1，本发明实施例提供的一种汽车空调系统，其可包括压缩机1、第一换热器101、第一膨胀装置2、第二膨胀装置3和室外换热器4。本实施例中，第一换热器101和室外换热器4均为风冷换热器。汽车空调系统还包括第一制冷机制以及第一制热机制，第一制冷机制能够实现对车厢的制冷，第一制热机制能够实现对车厢的制热。在同一时刻，汽车空调只能够存在第一制冷机制和第一制热机制中的一个。
参见图2，本发明实施例提供的一种汽车空调系统，其可包括压缩机1、第一换热器2、第一泵3、第一组合阀4、第二组合阀5、室外换热器6和第一换热器101。本实施例中，第二换热器2为水冷换热器，第一换热器101和室外换热器6均为风冷换热器。汽车空调系统还包括第一制冷机制以及第一制热机制，第一制冷机制能够实现对车厢的制冷，第一制热机制能够实现对车厢的制热。在同一时刻，汽车空调可以存在第一制冷机制和第一制热机制中的一个。
参见图3，在第一制冷机制下，压缩机1、室外换热器6、第一组合阀4以及第二换热器2顺序连通形成回路，第一泵3、第二换热器2以及第一换热器101顺序连通形成回路。参见图4，在第一制热机制下，压缩机1、第二换热器2、第二组合阀5、室外换热器6顺序连通形成回路，第一泵3、第二换热器2以及第一换热器101顺序连通形成回路。其中，压缩机1、室外换热器6、第一组合阀4和第二换热器2顺序连通形成的回路以及压缩机1、第二换热器2、第二组合阀5、室外换热器6顺序连通形成的回路这两个回路为制冷剂回路，第一泵3、第二换热器2以及第一换热器101顺序连通形成的回路为循环液回路。需要说明的是，本发明实施例中，顺序连通仅说明各个器件之间连接的顺序关系，而各个器件之间还可包括其他器件，例如截止阀等。另外，本发明的循环液的类型可根据需要选择，例如，循环液可为水、油等能够进行换热的物质或者水和乙二醇的混合液或者其他能够进行换热的混合液。
具体而言，在第一制冷机制下，第二换热器2作为蒸发器使用，室外换热器6作为冷凝器使用。参见图3压的气态制冷剂进入室外换热器6，高温高压的制冷剂在室外换热器6中与室外空气流换热，制冷剂释放热量，释放的热量被空气流带到外环境空气中，制冷剂则发生相变而冷凝成液态或气液两相制冷剂。制冷剂流出室外换热器6，进入第一组合阀4膨胀，降温降压变成低温低压的制冷剂。低温低压的制冷剂进入第二换热器 2，与第二换热器2中的循环液进行换热，吸收循环液的热量，低温的循环液进入第一换热器101，低温的循环液吸收第一换热器101周围的空气的热量，使第一换热器101周围的空气温度降低，在空气流的作用下，冷空气进入格栅风道(图3中未标出)并被送入车厢内，降低车厢温度，提供舒适的乘车环境。制冷剂则发生相变而大部分蒸发成低温低压的气态制冷剂，回流入压缩机1，实现制冷剂的循环利用。
在第一制热机制下，第二换热器2作为冷凝器或气冷器使用，室外换热器6作为蒸发器使用。参见图4，压缩机1将低温低压的气态制冷剂压缩成高温高压的气态制冷剂，高温高压的气态制冷剂进入第二换热器2，与第二换热器2中的循环液进行换热，制冷剂释放热量，第二换热器2中的循环液变成高温的循环液，高温的循环液进入第一换热器101与第一换热器101周围的空气进行换热，将热量释放至空气以提高第一换热器101周围的空气温度，在空气流的作用下，热空气进入格栅风道(图4中未标出)并被送入车厢内，提高车厢温度，提供舒适的乘车环境。冷却后的制冷剂流向第二组合阀5，降温降压变成低温低压的制冷剂，低温低压的制冷剂进入室外换热器6，吸收外部空气流中的热量，相变成低压气态制冷剂，然后回流至压缩机1，实现制冷剂的循环利用。
本发明实施例中，第二换热器2既参与制冷也参与制热，能够减小系统体积，从而减小制冷剂的充注量。并且，制冷和制热共用同一由第一泵3、第二换热器2以及第一换热器101顺序连通形成的循环液回路，进一步减小系统体积，减小制冷剂的充注量。另外，第二换热器2选择为液体换热器，将制冷剂回路与循环液回路相隔开，能够最大程度地减小制冷剂进入第一换热器101的量，提高系统安全性。
本实施例中，第二换热器2可选择为板式换热器或其他液体换热器。室外换热器6以及第一换热器101可根据需要选择风冷换热器的类型，本发明实施例对此不作限定。
另外，压缩机1的进口处可设置气液分离器9，以便对回流的制冷剂进行分离，将其中的液态部分储藏于气液分离器9内，而低温低压的气态制冷剂部分则进入压缩机1重新压缩，实现制冷剂的循环利用。当然，针对一些新型的压缩机1，也可以不设置气液分离器9。
以下以压缩机1的进口处设置气液分离器9来进一步对汽车空调系统的结构进行阐述。
第一组合阀4、第二组合阀5在空调系统中可以起到降温降压的作用，一般可包括节流阀、普通的热力膨胀阀或电子膨胀阀等。又参见图1，本实施例中，第一组合阀4 和第二组合阀5串联在第二换热器2和室外换热器6之间。其中，第一组合阀4连接第二换热器2，第一组合阀4可包括并联连接的第一膨胀阀4a和第一单向阀4b。第二组合阀5连接室外换热器6，第二组合阀5可包括并联连接的第二膨胀阀5a和第二单向阀5b。本实施例中，第二换热器2、第一组合阀4、第二组合阀5和室外换热器6顺序连通。在第一制冷机制下，第二单向阀5b和第一膨胀阀4a工作，第二膨胀阀5a和第一单向阀4b截止。在第一制热机制下，第一单向阀4b和第二膨胀阀5a工作，第一膨胀阀4a和第二单向阀5b截止。本实施例通过设置第一组合阀4和第二组合阀5，实现对制冷剂回路的优化，减少空调系统中的管道的铺设量。需要说明的是，本发明实施例中，各机制下，只可能存在第一膨胀阀4a和第一单向阀4b中的一个开启，另一个截止。相应地，各机制下，第二膨胀阀5a和第二单向阀5b也是其中一个开启，另一个截止。
进一步地，参见图2，所述汽车空调系统可包括第一截止阀7a、第二截止阀7b、第三截止阀7c和第四截止阀7d。压缩机1的出口包括两条支路，一条支路经第二截止阀7b连接第二换热器2非连接第一组合阀4的接口，另一条支路经第三截止阀7c连接室外换热器6非连接第二组合阀5的接口。压缩机1的进口经气液分离器9后分出两条支路，其中一条支路经第一截止阀7a连接第二换热器2非连接第一组合阀4的接口，另一条支路经第四截止阀7d连接室外换热器6非连接第二组合阀5的接口。其中，第三截止阀7c与第二截止阀7b、第四截止阀7d均并联。通过对第一截止阀7a、第二截止阀7b、第三截止阀7c和第四截止阀7d的启闭实现所在支路的通断，从而实现不同机制的切换。上述各截止阀具体可以为手动截止阀，也可以采用电动或气动截止阀。
参见图3，在第一制冷机制下，第三截止阀7c、第二单向阀5b、第一膨胀阀4a、第一截止阀7a开启，第二截止阀7b、第四截止阀7d、第二膨胀阀5a、第一单向阀4b关闭。制冷剂回路的流动路径包括：压缩机1->第三截止阀7c->室外换热器6->第二单向阀5b->第一膨胀阀4a->第二换热器2->第一截止阀7a->气液分离器9->压缩机1。循环液回路的流动路径包括：第一泵3->第二换热器2->第一换热器101->第一泵3。
在第一制热机制下，第二截止阀7b、第一单向阀4b、第二膨胀阀5a、第四截止阀7d开启，第一截止阀7a、第三截止阀7c、第一膨胀阀4a、第二单向阀5b关闭。制冷剂回路的流动路径包括：压缩机1->第二截止阀7b->第二换热器2->第一单向阀4b->第二膨胀阀5a->室外换热器6->第四截止阀7d->气液分离器9->压缩机1。循环液回路的流动路径包括：第一泵3->第二换热器2->第一换热器101->第一泵3。
又参见图2，所述汽车空调系统还可包括连通所述第一泵3的第一膨胀储液箱8，用 作第一制冷机制和第一制热机制下的循环液回路的供液，并能够收容和补偿循环液回路中循环液的胀缩量。
汽车空调系统还包括电池单元10，为汽车的电气设备进行供电。又参见图1，汽车空调系统还可包括膨胀阀11、第三换热器12、第二泵13。本实施例中，所述第三换热器12为液体换热器。汽车空调系统还可包括第二制冷机制，能够实现对电池单元10的制冷，防止电池单元10的温度过高。
参见图5，在第二制冷机制下，压缩机1、室外换热器6、膨胀阀11、第三换热器12顺序连通形成回路，第三换热器12、第二泵13以及电池单元10顺序连通形成回路。其中，压缩机1、室外换热器6、膨胀阀11、第三换热器12顺序连通形成的回路为制冷剂回路，第三换热器12、第二泵13以及电池单元10顺序连通形成的回路为循环液回路。本实施例中，第二组合阀5连接第一组合阀4的接口还连接膨胀阀11。
膨胀阀11在空调系统中也可以起到降温降压的作用，一般可包括节流阀、普通的热力膨胀阀或电子膨胀阀等。本实施例中，膨胀阀11包括膨胀阀。
在第二制冷机制下，第三截止阀7c、第二单向阀5b、膨胀阀11开启，第二膨胀阀5a关闭。制冷剂回路的流动路径包括：压缩机1->第三截止阀7c->室外换热器6->第二单向阀5b->膨胀阀11->第三换热器12->气液分离器9->压缩机1。循环液回路的流动路径包括：第二泵13->电池单元10->第三换热器12->第二泵13。
在第二制冷机制下，第三换热器12作为蒸发器使用，室外换热器6作为冷凝器使用。参见图4，压缩机1将低温低压的气态制冷剂压缩成高温高压的气态制冷剂，高温高压的气态制冷剂进入室外换热器6，高温高压的制冷剂在室外换热器6中与室外空气流换热，制冷剂释放热量，释放的热量被空气流带到外环境空气中，制冷剂则发生相变而冷凝成液态或气液两相制冷剂。制冷剂流出室外换热器6，进入膨胀阀11膨胀，降温降压变成低温低压的制冷剂。低温低压的制冷剂进入第三换热器12，与第三换热器12中的循环液进行换热，吸收循环液的热量，被吸收热量后的循环液进入电池单元10，进而带走电池单元10的热量，该循环液再次流入第三换热器12，如此循环。制冷剂则发生相变而大部分蒸发成低温低压的气态制冷剂，回流入压缩机1，实现制冷剂的循环利用。
参见图6，本发明实施例中，第一制冷机制和第二制冷机制可以同时执行，从而在相同的时间段内，既可实现对车厢的制冷，又可实现对电池单元10的制冷，适用于车辆处于酷热的环境中。
又参见图2，所述汽车空调系统还可包括加热器14，通过设置加热器14，实现对电池单元10的加热，防止电池单元10的温度过低而能效下降。本实施例中，所述加热器14为电加热器，例如PTC加热器。需要说明的是，在第二制冷机制下，加热器14仅起到流通循环液(类似于管道的作用)的作用。
所述汽车空调系统还可包括第二制热机制。在第二制热机制下，第三换热器12、第二泵13、加热器14以及电池单元10顺序连通形成回路。其中，第三换热器12、第二泵13、加热器14以及电池单元10顺序连通形成的回路为循环液回路。
参见图7，在第二制热机制下，循环液回路的流动路径包括：第二泵13->加热器14->电池单元10->第三换热器12->第二泵13。具体地，在第二制热机制下，第三换热器12仅起到流通循环液的作用，第二泵13中的循环液进入加热器14加热，加热器14输出高温的循环液至电池单元10，实现对电池单元10的加热，该循环液再次流入第三换热器12，如此循环。
又参见图2，所述汽车空调系统还可包括连通所述第二泵13的第二膨胀储液箱15，用作第二制冷机制和第二制热机制下的循环液回路的供液，并能够收容和补偿循环液回路中循环液的胀缩量。
参见图8，本发明实施例中，第一制热机制和第二制热机制可以同时执行，从而在相同的时间段内，既可实现对车厢的制热，又可实现对电池单元10的制热，适用于车辆处于寒冷的环境中。
现有技术中，车厢制冷和电池单元10制冷共用同一换热器，车厢制热和电池单元10制热也需要共用同一换热器，导致两个换热器均需要更大的功率，两个换热器的体积较大，制冷剂的充注量也较大。本实施例通过设置第二换热器2实现车厢的制冷或制热，并通过设有第三换热器12和加热器14的循环液回路来实现电池单元10的降温或升温，能够减小使用同一换热器导致的部件体积大的问题，并且，循环液回路的使用能够减少制冷剂的充注量。
又参见图2，所述汽车空调系统还可包括第四换热器102。本实施例中，第四换热器102选择为散热器，能够实现车厢的除湿。
所述汽车空调系统还包括除湿机制，该除湿机制一般只有冬季除湿时使用。在除湿机制下，压缩机1、第二换热器2、膨胀阀11、第三换热器12顺序连通形成回路，第三换热器12、第二泵13以及第四换热器102顺序连通形成回路。其中，压缩机1、第二 换热器2、膨胀阀11、第三换热器12顺序连通形成的回路为制冷剂回路，第三换热器12、第二泵13以及第四换热器102顺序连通形成的回路为循环液回路。
参见图8，在除湿机制下，制冷剂回路的流动路径包括：压缩机1->第二截止阀7b->第二换热器2->第一单向阀4b->膨胀阀11->第三换热器12->气液分离器9->压缩机1。循环液回路的流动路径包括：第二泵13->加热器14->第四换热器102->第三换热器12->第二泵13。具体地，在除湿机制下，加热器14仅起到流通循环液的作用。
参见图8，在除湿机制下，压缩机1将低温低压的气态制冷剂压缩成高温高压的气态制冷剂，高温高压的气态制冷剂进入第二换热器2，高温高压的制冷剂与第二换热器2中的循环液进行换热，具体而言，制冷剂释放热量，将第二换热器2中的循环液加热成高温的循环液。高温的循环液进入第一换热器101而与第一换热器101周围的空气流(该空气流为经第四换热器102降温和除湿的空气)换热。冷却后的制冷剂流向膨胀阀11，降温降压变成低温低压的制冷剂，低温低压的制冷剂进入第三换热器12，与第三换热器12中的循环液进行换热，吸收循环液的热量，低温的循环液进入第四换热器102与第四换热器102周围的空气进行换热，吸收空气中的热量以降低第四换热器102周围的空气温度和湿度，经除湿后的空气被送入第一换热器101内，在第一换热器101中换热后进入车厢内，实现除湿功能，提供舒适的乘车环境。制冷剂则发生相变而大部分蒸发成低温低压的气态制冷剂，回流入压缩机1，实现制冷剂的循环利用。
参见图2，所述汽车空调系统还可包括三通阀16。三通阀16的第一出口通向电池单元10、第二出口通向第三换热器12，且三通阀16的第三出口通向第四换热器102。通过控制三通阀16，实现所在支路的通断，从而实现不同机制的切换。当然，也可采用两个截止阀来替代该三通阀16，从而控制相应支路的通断，实现不同机制的切换。
又参见图2，所述汽车空调系统还可包括箱体(即空调箱)。其中，第一换热器101、第四换热器102设于箱体100内。现有技术中，设于空调箱中的第一制冷机制的换热器和除湿机制的换热器共用同一换热器，而第一制热机制的换热器需要另外设置，由于第一制冷机制和第一制热机制所需的功率较大，两个换热器的体积较大。本实施例将设于空调箱中的第一制冷机制的换热器和第一制热机制的换热器共用同一换热器(即第一换热器101)，除湿机制的换热器(即第四换热器102)独立设置。由于第一制冷机制和第一制热机制不可能同时工作，第二换热器2所需的体积为现有第一制冷机制的换热器所需功率、第一制热机制的换热器所需功率两者中的最大功率对应的换热器体积即可，并且由于除湿机制所需的功率较小，该第四换热器102的负载降低，故该第四换热器102 的体积能够减小，从而实现空调箱的体积的简化，进而使得空调系统的控制更加简单。
又参见图1，所述汽车空调系统还可包括档板104，该档板104设于第一换热器101和第四换热器102之间，从而可控制吹向第一换热器101的风量，以控制吹向车厢的冷风大小或者热风大小。
又参见图8，本发明实施例中，第一制热机制和除湿机制同时工作。第四换热器102远离挡板104的一侧还设有风机103，从而加快空气流的流动，提高空调系统的工作效率。本实施例中，风机103与第四换热器102相对，通过控制风机103的启闭，可控制吹向第一换热器101、第四换热器102的风量。在空气湿度较大的情况下，若只需要除湿，则可通过控制挡板104的位置，使得挡板104能够完全阻隔第一换热器101和风机103，使得风机103吹出的风无法直接吹向第一换热器101。其中，风机103可选择为鼓风机103或者其他。
另外，空调箱内的风门可设也可不设，对空调系统均无影响。空调箱内部结构内部的简单化，使得风道阻力大大降低，可以节省风机103的功率消耗，提高续航里程。
需要说明的是，上述各实施例中具体描述了多个截止阀，通过截止阀的启闭实现所在支路的通断，从而实现多个机制的切换，截止阀结构简单，通断控制可靠。可以理解，本领域技术人员还可以通过其他方式实现各机制下通路的形成，并不限于上述截止阀的实施例，如利用三通阀16来替代二个截止阀等等。
另外还需要说明的是，本发明实施例中第二换热器2、第一换热器101、室外换热器6、第三换热器12、第四换热器102的设置方式，使得任一机制下，各换热器的进、出口均不会发生既作为进口又作为出口的情况，从而使换热器的能力得以发挥。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种汽车空调系统，其特征在于，包括压缩机(1)、第一换热器(101)、第一组合阀(5)、第二组合阀(6)、室外换热器(6)；
    所述汽车空调系统还包括第一制冷机制以及第一制热机制，在所述第一制冷机制下，所述压缩机(1)、室外换热器(4)、第一组合阀(5)、第二组合阀(6)以及第一换热器(101)顺序连通形成回路；
    在所述第一制热机制下，所述压缩机(1)、第一换热器(101)、第一组合阀(5)、第二组合阀(6)、室外换热器(4)顺序连通形成回路；
    还包括循环液回路，所述循环液回路中还包括第四换热器(102)；
    还包括箱体(100)，所述第一换热器(101)、第四换热器(102)设于所述箱体(100)内。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，还包括第二换热器(2)
    在所述第一制冷机制下，还包括第一泵(3)所述压缩机(1)、室外换热器(6)、第一组合阀(4)以及第二换热器(2)顺序连通形成回路，所述第一泵(3)、第二换热器(2)以及第一换热器(101)顺序连通形成回路；
    在所述第一制热机制下，所述压缩机(1)、第二换热器(2)、第二组合阀(5)、室外换热器(6)顺序连通形成回路，所述第一泵(3)、第二换热器(2)以及第一换热器(101)顺序连通形成回路。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，还包括连通所述第一泵(3)的第一膨胀储液箱(8)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一组合阀(4)包括并联连接的第一膨胀阀(4a)和第一单向阀(4b)；
    所述第二组合阀(5)包括并联连接的第二膨胀阀(5a)和第二单向阀(5b)；
    在第一制热机制下，冷媒依次流经所述第一换热器(2)、第一单向阀(4b)、第二膨胀阀(5a)和室外换热器(6)；在第一制冷机制下，冷媒依次流经所述室外换热器(6)、所述第二单向阀(5b)、所述第一膨胀阀(4a)、所述第一换热器(2)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，还包括电池单元(10)、第三膨胀 装置(11)、第三换热器(12)、第二泵(13)，所述第三换热器(12)为液体换热器；所述汽车空调系统还包括第二制冷机制，在所述第二制冷机制下，所述压缩机(1)、室外换热器(6)、膨胀阀(11)、第三换热器(12)顺序连通形成回路，所述第三换热器(12)、第二泵(13)以及电池单元(10)顺序连通形成回路。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，还包括加热器(14)；
    所述汽车空调系统还包括第二制热机制，在所述第二制热机制下，所述第三换热器(12)、第二泵(13)、加热器(14)以及电池单元(10)顺序连通形成回路。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，
    所述汽车空调系统还包括除湿机制，在所述除湿机制下，所述压缩机(1)、第二换热器(2)、膨胀阀(11)、第三换热器(12)顺序连通形成回路，所述第三换热器(12)、第二泵(13)以及第四换热器(102)顺序连通形成回路。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，还包括三通阀(16)，所述三通阀(16)的第一出口通向所述电池单元(10)、第二出口通向所述第三换热器(12)，且所述三通阀(16)的第三出口通向所述第四换热器(102)。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，还包括档板(104)，所述档板(104)设于所述第一换热器(101)和所述第四换热器(102)之间。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的汽车空调系统，其特征在于，还包括连通所述第二泵(13)的第二膨胀储液箱(15)。
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