WO2019042273A1 - 跟车速度控制方法、装置、系统、计算机设备及存储介质 - Google Patents
跟车速度控制方法、装置、系统、计算机设备及存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/14—Adaptive cruise control
- B60W30/143—Speed control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/14—Adaptive cruise control
- B60W30/16—Control of distance between vehicles, e.g. keeping a distance to preceding vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/02—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to ambient conditions
- B60W40/04—Traffic conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/052—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for determining speed or overspeed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2420/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
- B60W2420/40—Photo, light or radio wave sensitive means, e.g. infrared sensors
- B60W2420/403—Image sensing, e.g. optical camera
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2420/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
- B60W2420/40—Photo, light or radio wave sensitive means, e.g. infrared sensors
- B60W2420/408—Radar; Laser, e.g. lidar
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2554/00—Input parameters relating to objects
- B60W2554/40—Dynamic objects, e.g. animals, windblown objects
- B60W2554/404—Characteristics
- B60W2554/4042—Longitudinal speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2554/00—Input parameters relating to objects
- B60W2554/80—Spatial relation or speed relative to objects
- B60W2554/801—Lateral distance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2554/00—Input parameters relating to objects
- B60W2554/80—Spatial relation or speed relative to objects
- B60W2554/802—Longitudinal distance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2554/00—Input parameters relating to objects
- B60W2554/80—Spatial relation or speed relative to objects
- B60W2554/804—Relative longitudinal speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2720/10—Longitudinal speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2720/10—Longitudinal speed
- B60W2720/106—Longitudinal acceleration
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of computer processing, and in particular, to a method, device, system, computer device and storage medium for following the vehicle speed.
- FCWS Forward Collision Warning System
- the FCWS can detect the vehicle in front and warn the driver when there is a danger of collision, but It does not use any braking measures to avoid collision or control of the vehicle.
- the other is Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), which can actively perform brake intervention when there is a risk of collision.
- ACC Adaptive Cruise Control
- the adaptive cruise ACC controls the acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle only according to the current distance and the set safe following distance. It is easy for the vehicle to continuously accelerate or decelerate, causing the vehicle to bump, resulting in the stability of the following vehicle. Poor comfort.
- a following speed control method comprising:
- a following speed control device comprising:
- An acquisition module configured to obtain a front vehicle speed, a vehicle speed, and a current distance between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle;
- a distance calculation module configured to calculate a corresponding target following distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed
- the acceleration calculation module is configured to calculate a first acceleration according to the current vehicle distance, the target following distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed;
- the control module is configured to acquire a smooth interval range, determine a target acceleration according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and control a traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration.
- the smoothing interval ranges from a uniform speed interval range
- the control module is further configured to determine that the target acceleration is 0 when the first acceleration is within the uniform velocity interval, and the control The car keeps driving at a constant speed.
- the acceleration calculation module is further configured to acquire a speed adjustment time interval, according to a difference between the current vehicle distance and the target following distance, a difference between the front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed The value, the speed adjustment time interval, calculates a first acceleration.
- the apparatus further includes: a first acceleration determining module configured to: if the calculated first acceleration is greater than a preset first threshold, use the first threshold as the first And an acceleration, if the calculated first acceleration is less than a preset second threshold, the second threshold is used as the first acceleration.
- a first acceleration determining module configured to: if the calculated first acceleration is greater than a preset first threshold, use the first threshold as the first And an acceleration, if the calculated first acceleration is less than a preset second threshold, the second threshold is used as the first acceleration.
- the distance calculation module includes: a determination module configured to determine a minimum safe vehicle distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed; and a buffer distance calculation module configured to acquire a preset buffer parameter Calculating a buffer distance according to the vehicle speed and the buffer parameter; the target following distance calculation module is configured to calculate a target following distance according to the minimum safe distance and the buffer distance.
- control module is further configured to: when the first acceleration is not within the smooth interval range, if the first acceleration is less than a minimum endpoint value of the smooth interval range and the front When the vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed, the second acceleration is calculated according to the current vehicle distance, the minimum safety vehicle distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed. If the second acceleration is the forward acceleration, the determination is performed. The target acceleration is 0, and the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed.
- the safety distance determination module includes: a reaction time determination module configured to determine a corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, the reaction time being positively correlated with the vehicle speed; minimum safety A distance determination module is configured to determine the minimum safe distance based on the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time.
- the reaction time determining module is further configured to determine a corresponding reaction time according to a ratio of the vehicle speed to the preset speed value if the vehicle speed is less than a preset speed value And if the speed of the vehicle is not less than the preset speed value, acquiring a time coefficient, and determining a corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, the preset speed value, and the time coefficient.
- the minimum safe distance determination module includes: a taxi distance calculation unit configured to calculate a brake coast distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the preceding vehicle speed, and calculate the basis according to the vehicle speed a brake sliding distance corresponding to the vehicle; a reaction distance calculating unit configured to calculate a reaction distance according to the vehicle speed and the reaction time; a minimum safety distance determining unit configured to be according to the reaction distance, the front The minimum braking distance is determined by the braking distance of the car and the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle.
- the taxi distance calculation unit is further configured to acquire a preset first brake acceleration corresponding to the local vehicle and a second brake acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle, according to the local vehicle speed and the first brake acceleration The braking distance corresponding to the vehicle is calculated, and the braking distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle is calculated according to the preceding vehicle speed and the second braking acceleration.
- the acquisition module is further configured to collect video or image information in front of the vehicle, identify a vehicle and a lane line in the video or image information, according to the location of the vehicle and the lane line The relationship determines the front vehicle corresponding to the vehicle, acquires the relative speed of the front vehicle and the vehicle collected by the radar, and the current distance between the front vehicle and the vehicle, detects the speed of the vehicle, according to the speed of the vehicle and the The relative speed determines the speed of the preceding vehicle.
- a following speed control system comprising:
- the sensor unit is configured to collect the speed of the vehicle, the relative speed of the front vehicle and the vehicle, and the current distance between the front vehicle and the vehicle;
- a central processing unit comprising the following speed control device in any of the above embodiments, configured to determine a target acceleration according to the following speed control device, and transmit the determined target acceleration to the controller unit;
- the controller unit is configured to control the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration.
- a computer apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, the computer program being executed by the processor, such that when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:
- the smoothing interval range is a uniform speed interval range
- the smooth interval range is acquired
- the target acceleration is determined according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range
- the driving of the vehicle is controlled according to the target acceleration.
- the step of speeding includes determining that the target acceleration is 0 when the first acceleration is within the uniform range, and controlling the vehicle to maintain a constant speed.
- the step of calculating the first acceleration according to the current distance, the target following distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed comprises: acquiring a speed adjustment time interval; according to the current vehicle The first acceleration is calculated from a difference from the target following distance, a difference between the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, and the speed adjustment time interval.
- the method when the computer readable instructions are executed by the processor, the method is further configured to perform the step of: if the calculated first acceleration is greater than a preset first threshold, The first threshold is used as the first acceleration; if the calculated first acceleration is less than a preset second threshold, the second threshold is used as the first acceleration.
- the calculating the corresponding target following distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed comprises: determining a minimum safety distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed; acquiring a preset a buffering parameter, calculating a buffering distance according to the vehicle speed and the buffering parameter; and calculating a target following distance according to the minimum safety vehicle distance and the buffering distance.
- the acquiring a smooth interval range, determining a target acceleration according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and controlling the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration includes: when the first When the acceleration is not within the range of the smooth interval, if the first acceleration is less than the minimum end point value of the smooth interval range and the front vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed, then according to the current vehicle distance and the minimum safe distance The front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed are calculated to obtain a second acceleration; if the second acceleration is a forward acceleration, the target acceleration is determined to be 0, and the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed.
- the determining the minimum safe distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed comprises: determining a corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, the reaction time and the vehicle speed Positive correlation; determining the minimum safe distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time.
- the determining a corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, the reaction time being positively correlated with the vehicle speed comprises: if the vehicle speed is less than a preset speed value, Determining a corresponding reaction time according to a ratio of the vehicle speed and the preset speed value; if the vehicle speed is not less than a preset speed value, acquiring a time coefficient according to the local vehicle speed, the preset The velocity value and the time coefficient determine the corresponding reaction time.
- a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:
- the above-described following speed control method, device, system, computer equipment and storage medium the first acceleration calculated by the current vehicle distance and the target following distance and the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle degree, relative to the previous only based on the preset
- the method of determining the acceleration is more flexible and more accurate. Further, after calculating the first acceleration according to the current distance and the target following distance and the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, it is also necessary to obtain a smooth interval range, according to the first
- the acceleration and smoothing range determine the target acceleration, and then control the driving acceleration of the vehicle according to the target acceleration. By setting the range of the smooth interval, the method keeps the vehicle running smoothly within a certain range, avoids frequent acceleration and deceleration switching, and improves comfort and stability.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for following a vehicle speed control method in an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a first acceleration in an embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a target following distance in an embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the traveling speed of the vehicle in one embodiment
- Figure 5 is a flow chart of a method for determining a minimum safe distance in an embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for determining a minimum safe distance in another embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a front vehicle speed, a vehicle speed, and a current distance between a preceding vehicle and a vehicle in one embodiment
- Figure 8A is a schematic illustration of the identified vehicle and lane lines in one embodiment
- 8B is a schematic diagram of determining an area of the lane in the image according to the left and right lane lines in one embodiment
- Figure 9 is a flow chart showing a method of controlling the following speed in another embodiment
- Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the structure of a following speed control device in an embodiment
- Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the structure of a following speed control device in another embodiment
- FIG. 12 is a structural block diagram of a safety distance determination module in an embodiment
- FIG. 13 is a structural block diagram of a minimum safety distance determination module in still another embodiment
- Figure 14 is a block diagram showing the structure of a following speed control system in an embodiment
- Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of a following speed control system in an embodiment
- Figure 16 is a block diagram showing the internal structure of a computer device in an embodiment.
- a following speed control method is proposed, the method comprising:
- step 102 the front vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the current distance between the front vehicle and the vehicle are obtained.
- the front car (also referred to as “front-guided vehicle”) refers to the vehicle in the same lane as the vehicle and closest to the vehicle.
- This vehicle refers to the vehicle currently being controlled, that is, the own vehicle.
- the front speed refers to the actual driving speed of the preceding vehicle.
- the speed of the car refers to the actual driving speed of the car.
- the current distance between the front vehicle and the vehicle refers to the current distance between the detected front vehicle and the vehicle.
- the speed of the vehicle can be directly measured by the vehicle information collecting device (such as the vehicle speed sensor) of the vehicle.
- the relative speed between the front vehicle and the vehicle and the current distance between the front vehicle and the vehicle can be detected by radar (for example, millimeter wave radar). In the case where the speed of the vehicle is known, the speed of the preceding vehicle can be determined by relative conversion.
- the method further includes: determining the preceding vehicle corresponding to the vehicle.
- the determination of the preceding vehicle may be performed by acquiring video or image information in front of the vehicle, and then using the image feature recognition algorithm to identify the collected video or image information to obtain vehicle and lane line information in the video or image information, according to The positional relationship between the vehicle and the lane line information can determine the preceding vehicle corresponding to the vehicle.
- the acquisition of the video or image may be performed by a camera of the acquisition device, wherein the acquisition device may be an industrial camera, and may be a device such as a video capture device that can capture video or images.
- Step 104 Calculate a corresponding target following distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed.
- the target following distance refers to the standard distance that should be maintained between the front and the vehicle for safety.
- the target-to-vehicle distance is positively correlated with the vehicle speed and inversely related to the vehicle speed. That is to say, under other conditions, the greater the speed of the vehicle, the greater the distance of the corresponding target. Similarly, the greater the speed of the preceding vehicle, the smaller the distance between the corresponding target and the vehicle.
- adjusting the target following distance to a relatively large value can better avoid collision events.
- the target following distance is adjusted to a relatively small distance to avoid collision events.
- the target following distance can be calculated closer to the actual demand by the speed of the preceding vehicle and the speed of the vehicle.
- Step 106 Calculate the first acceleration according to the current distance, the target following distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed.
- the first acceleration refers to an acceleration required to make the current vehicle distance and the target following distance consistent.
- the first acceleration is calculated according to the current distance, the target following distance, the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, wherein the first acceleration is positively correlated with the current distance, It is inversely related to the target's distance with the vehicle, positively correlated with the speed of the preceding vehicle, and inversely related to the speed of the vehicle. That is, in other cases where the conditions are the same, the larger the current distance is, the larger the first acceleration is.
- the first acceleration described above includes an acceleration in a direction, and if it is negative, it is a deceleration motion. By aligning the first acceleration with the amount of acceleration that needs to be adjusted in the actual situation, the distance is adjusted according to the conventional fixed acceleration only, which is more suitable for practical needs.
- Step 108 Acquire a smooth interval range, determine a target acceleration according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and control the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration.
- the smooth interval range refers to a preset acceleration range, and if the calculated first acceleration is within the smooth interval range, the vehicle is controlled to run smoothly. After the first acceleration is calculated, the final target acceleration is further determined according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and then the traveling speed of the vehicle is controlled according to the target acceleration. In one embodiment, if the calculated first acceleration is within the smooth interval range, adjusting the value of the first acceleration to obtain the target acceleration can ensure smooth running of the vehicle. If the calculated first acceleration is not within the smooth interval range, the first acceleration can be directly used as the target acceleration to control the traveling speed of the vehicle.
- the above-mentioned following speed control method is more flexible and more accurate than the previous method of determining the acceleration based on the preset parameters only by the first acceleration calculated based on the current distance and the target following distance and the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle degree. Further, after calculating the first acceleration according to the current distance and the target following distance and the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, the smooth interval range is obtained, the target acceleration is determined according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and then according to the target acceleration. Control the driving acceleration of the car. By setting the range of the smooth interval, the method keeps the vehicle running smoothly within a certain range, avoids frequent acceleration and deceleration switching, and improves comfort and stability.
- the above-described following speed control method may be, but is not limited to, performed by the vehicle (ie, the currently controlled vehicle).
- the vehicle may be, but is not limited to, including a manned vehicle or an unmanned vehicle.
- the program for executing the above-described following speed control method is applied to a system of a manned vehicle, and the program can be operated to assist the driver in controlling the following speed of the vehicle. Applying the program for executing the above-described following speed control method to a system of an unmanned vehicle, the program can be operated to cause the vehicle to control its own following speed.
- the following speed control method may be, but is not limited to, performed by an electronic device that establishes a connection with the vehicle, which may be, but is not limited to, including a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a PC computer, a notebook computer, a smart wearable device, etc.
- the mobile device is provided with an application APP, a script file, and the like for executing the above-described following speed control method, and the mobile device establishes a connection with the vehicle, and interacts with the vehicle by running an application APP or a script file to The car speed is controlled.
- the electronic device may be, but is not limited to, including a controller that may be mounted on the vehicle or a separate device that controls the speed of the following vehicle through a connection established with the vehicle.
- a vehicle can be, but is not limited to, a car, a train, a tram, a work vehicle, a balance car, a bicycle, a locomotive, a ship, an airplane, a helicopter, and the like.
- the smoothing interval range is a uniform speed interval range; the smoothing interval range is obtained, the target acceleration is determined according to the first acceleration and the smoothing interval range, and the step 108 of controlling the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration includes: when When the first acceleration is within the range of the uniform speed range, it is determined that the target acceleration is 0, and the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed.
- the smooth interval range is a uniform speed range
- the uniform speed range refers to controlling the vehicle to maintain a constant speed when the calculated first acceleration is within the uniform range.
- the range of the uniform speed interval is set in advance, for example, the range of [-1, 0.5] is set to a uniform range, and when the calculated first acceleration is within the uniform range, the target acceleration is set to 0, that is, at this time. Do not change the speed, control the car to maintain a constant speed.
- the vehicle can be driven at a constant speed within a certain range, improving comfort and stability.
- the step 106 of calculating the first acceleration based on the current distance, the target following distance, the preceding vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed includes:
- Step 106A Acquire a speed adjustment time interval.
- the speed adjustment time interval refers to the time required to adjust the current vehicle distance to be consistent with the target following distance.
- the speed adjustment interval can be flexibly adjusted as needed, for example, for a lightweight car, it can be set to 3 seconds, and for a heavy-duty car, it can be set to 4 seconds. By flexibly setting the speed adjustment time interval, it is better to better control the adjustment range of the vehicle acceleration.
- Step 106B Calculate the first acceleration according to the difference between the current distance and the target following distance, the difference between the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, and the speed adjustment time interval.
- the first acceleration is positively correlated with the difference between the current vehicle distance and the target following distance, that is, the greater the difference between the current vehicle distance and the target following distance, the greater the acceleration required when the other conditions are constant.
- the first acceleration is also positively correlated with the difference between the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed.
- the first acceleration is inversely related to the speed adjustment time interval, that is, the larger the adjustment time interval, the smaller the corresponding first acceleration.
- the target following distance is L
- the current distance is d
- v s is the vehicle speed
- v q is the preceding vehicle speed
- dt is the speed adjustment time interval
- the calculation model of the first acceleration is calculated according to the difference between the current vehicle distance and the target following distance, the front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, and the speed adjustment time, which is more in line with the actual running acceleration, and the speed adjustment time can be flexibly set.
- the interval is used to adjust the amplitude of the acceleration, and the scope of application is wider.
- the following vehicle speed control method further includes: if the calculated first acceleration is greater than a preset first threshold, the first threshold is used as the first acceleration; and the calculated first acceleration is less than The preset second threshold is used as the first acceleration.
- the range of the first acceleration is preset, the maximum endpoint value in the range is used as the first threshold, and the minimum endpoint value in the range is used as the second threshold.
- the first threshold is used as the first acceleration
- the second threshold is used as the second threshold The first acceleration. For example, if the range of the first acceleration is preset to [-4, 1.5], then when the first acceleration is greater than 1.5, the maximum value of 1.5 in the range is taken as the first acceleration, and if the first acceleration is less than -4, Then the minimum value -4 is taken as the second acceleration. If the calculated first acceleration is within the preset range, the actually calculated value is taken as the first acceleration.
- the step 104 of calculating a corresponding target following distance based on the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed includes:
- step 104A the minimum safe distance is determined according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed.
- the minimum safe distance refers to the minimum safety distance that the front vehicle and the vehicle need to maintain.
- the minimum safe distance is inversely related to the speed of the preceding vehicle and is positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle.
- the minimum safe distance can be calculated using the following formula: Among them, L S minimum safety distance, v s is the vehicle speed, v q is the front vehicle speed, a s is the maximum braking acceleration of the vehicle, a q is the maximum braking acceleration of the preceding vehicle, and a s and a q can be preset. For example, it can be set to 3m/s 2 .
- a reserved distance L 0 is added when calculating the minimum safe distance.
- Step 104B Acquire a preset buffer parameter, and calculate a buffer distance according to the vehicle speed and the buffer parameter.
- the buffer distance refers to the distance set to further ensure the safety of the automatic driving.
- the buffer distance is positively correlated with the vehicle speed and buffer parameters.
- the buffer parameters can be customized, for example, can be preset, or can be determined according to the speed of the vehicle, and can also be determined according to the detected model of the preceding vehicle. In one embodiment, the buffer distance is equal to the product of the vehicle speed and the buffering parameter.
- step 104C the target following distance is calculated according to the minimum safe distance and the buffer distance.
- a buffer distance is added to the minimum safe distance to obtain the target following distance, that is, the target following distance is set further than the minimum safe distance, so as to fully protect Safe driving.
- the obtaining a smooth interval range, determining a target acceleration according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and the step 108 of controlling the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration includes:
- step 110 it is determined whether the first acceleration is within the smooth interval range. If yes, the process proceeds to step 111. If not, the process proceeds to step 112.
- step 111 the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed.
- Step 112 Determine whether the first acceleration is less than the minimum endpoint value of the smooth interval range, and if yes, proceed to step 114, and if no, proceed to step 113.
- Step 113 controlling the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the first acceleration.
- step 114 it is determined whether the preceding vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed. If yes, the process proceeds to step 115. If not, the process proceeds to step 113.
- Step 115 Calculate a second acceleration according to the current distance, the minimum safe distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed.
- step 116 it is determined whether the second acceleration is a positive acceleration. If yes, the process proceeds to step 111. If not, the process proceeds to step 113.
- the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed; if not, it is necessary to continue to determine whether the first acceleration is less than a minimum endpoint value of the smooth interval range, if not less than , the first acceleration directly controls the driving speed of the vehicle. If it is less, it is necessary to continue to judge whether the preceding vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed, and if so, calculate according to the minimum safe distance, the current distance, the front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed.
- the speed of the car For example, set the smoothing interval range to [-1, 0.5]. If the calculated first acceleration belongs to this interval, set the target acceleration to 0, and control the vehicle to maintain a constant speed, thus avoiding frequent acceleration or deceleration. Increased comfort and stability. If the calculated first acceleration is less than -1 and the preceding vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed, then a second acceleration is calculated using the minimum safe distance, and if the second acceleration is greater than 0, the target acceleration is also set to zero.
- the step 104A of determining the minimum safe distance based on the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed includes:
- Step 502 determining a corresponding reaction time according to the speed of the vehicle, and the reaction time is positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle.
- the reaction time refers to the brake reaction time, that is, the delay time for braking the vehicle after detecting the front brake or deceleration. Since the vehicle will continue to drive according to the original state during the reaction time, it is necessary to The walking distance takes into account the distance between the target and the car.
- the traditional reaction time is generally a fixed value. In order to avoid the problem that the distance between the vehicle at the low speed is too large due to the fixed reaction time or the distance between the vehicle at the high speed is too small, it is proposed to determine the reaction time according to the speed of the vehicle.
- the reaction time is positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle. That is, the greater the speed of the vehicle, the longer the reaction time, which can better ensure safety.
- a speed value is set in advance, and the ratio of the speed of the vehicle to the speed value is taken as the reaction time. For example, if the set speed value is 10m/s, then when the vehicle speed is 7m/s, the corresponding reaction time is 0.7s. The greater the speed of the car, the longer the corresponding reaction time.
- Step 504 determining a minimum safe distance based on the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time.
- the minimum safe distance is determined according to the preceding vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the reaction time.
- the minimum safe distance is positively correlated with the reaction time, positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle, and inversely related to the speed of the preceding vehicle.
- the step 502 of determining the corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, and the reaction time is positively correlated with the vehicle speed includes: if the vehicle speed is less than the preset speed value, according to the vehicle speed and the preset speed The ratio of the values determines the corresponding reaction time; if the speed of the vehicle is not less than the preset speed value, the time coefficient is obtained, and the corresponding reaction time is determined according to the vehicle speed, the preset speed value, and the time coefficient.
- the calculation of the reaction time is calculated by using a piecewise function.
- the reaction time is determined according to the ratio of the speed of the vehicle and the preset speed value.
- the reaction time is determined according to the difference between the speed of the vehicle and the preset speed value and the time coefficient.
- the time coefficient can be preset to a fixed value, for example, 1 s, and can also be adjusted according to the speed of the vehicle. The greater the speed of the vehicle, the larger the corresponding time coefficient.
- the difference between the speed of the vehicle and the preset speed value is multiplied by the time coefficient as the reaction time, that is, the reaction time and the speed of the vehicle and the preset speed value.
- the difference is positively correlated and positively correlated with the acquired time coefficient.
- the reaction time equal to the preset speed value is used as a base, and the product of the difference between the vehicle speed and the preset speed value and the time coefficient is multiplied. As an added value, the sum of the base and the added value is taken as the final reaction time.
- the step 504 of determining a minimum safe distance based on the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time includes:
- step 504A the braking distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle is calculated according to the preceding vehicle speed, and the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle is calculated according to the vehicle speed.
- the front car speed is positively correlated with the brake glide distance corresponding to the preceding car, that is, the larger the front car speed, the larger the brake glide distance corresponding to the front car.
- the speed of the vehicle is positively correlated with the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle, that is, the greater the speed of the vehicle, the greater the braking distance of the brake corresponding to the vehicle.
- the preset braking acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle and the braking acceleration corresponding to the vehicle are obtained, and the braking distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle is calculated according to the preceding vehicle speed and the braking acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle, according to the vehicle speed and The braking acceleration corresponding to the vehicle is calculated to obtain the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle.
- step 504B the reaction distance is calculated according to the vehicle speed and the reaction time.
- the reaction distance is positively correlated with the vehicle speed and the reaction time.
- the product of the vehicle speed and the reaction time can be directly used as the reaction distance.
- the reaction distance can also be obtained by adding a distance to the product of the speed of the vehicle and the reaction time.
- the minimum safe distance is determined according to the reaction distance, the braking distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle, and the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle.
- the brake sliding distance refers to the distance that the vehicle continues to slide due to inertia after braking.
- the minimum safety distance is positively correlated with the reaction distance and the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle.
- the minimum safety distance is inversely related to the braking distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle.
- the minimum safe distance is obtained by subtracting the brake slip distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle from the sum of the reaction distance and the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle.
- the reserved distance is specially set for further ensuring safety.
- the step of calculating the brake coasting distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the preceding vehicle speed, and calculating the brake coasting distance corresponding to the vehicle according to the vehicle speed comprises: acquiring the first corresponding to the vehicle a brake acceleration and a second brake acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle; calculating a brake coast distance corresponding to the vehicle according to the vehicle speed and the first brake acceleration; calculating according to the front vehicle speed and the second brake acceleration The brake travel distance corresponding to the front car.
- the first brake acceleration refers to a maximum brake acceleration corresponding to the vehicle.
- the second brake acceleration refers to the maximum brake acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle.
- the first brake acceleration can be obtained by acquiring the performance parameters of the vehicle, or can be customized in advance, for example, the first brake acceleration of the vehicle is preset to be 3 m/s2.
- the second brake acceleration can be determined by detecting the vehicle model, pre-storing different models and corresponding maximum brake accelerations, and determining the second brake acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the detected front vehicle models.
- the second brake acceleration can also automatically acquire the performance parameter information of the preceding vehicle by establishing connection communication with the preceding vehicle, and determine the second brake acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the performance parameter information.
- the steps of obtaining the preceding vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the current distance between the preceding vehicle and the own vehicle include:
- Step 102A Collect video or image information in front of the vehicle to identify the vehicle and lane lines in the video or image information.
- the video or image information in front of the vehicle is collected in real time by the camera, and then the vehicle and the lane line in the video or image information are identified by the image feature recognition algorithm.
- the image feature recognition algorithm may adopt a vehicle recognition method based on monocular vision, and of course, other image feature recognition algorithms may also be used, and the image feature recognition algorithm is not limited herein.
- Figure 8A a schematic representation of the identified vehicle and lane lines, wherein the identified vehicles are framed in respective rectangular boxes.
- the video or image information captured by the camera can accurately determine the front car, avoiding the wrong braking when the car is selected in the adjacent lane when cornering, and fully exploiting the advantages of the camera.
- step 102B the preceding vehicle corresponding to the vehicle is determined according to the positional relationship between the vehicle and the lane line.
- the area of the lane in the image is determined according to the left and right lane lines (corresponding to the middle portion of the left and right lane lines in the figure).
- the identified vehicle in the own lane is obtained, and then the preceding vehicle corresponding to the vehicle is determined according to the position of the outsourced rectangular frame corresponding to the identified vehicle.
- selecting a vehicle in which the vehicle is out of a rectangular frame in the lane area and then sorting according to the coordinates of the midpoint of the lower frame, that is, the ordinate of the lower frame of the rectangular frame (as shown in FIG. 8B), and finding the coordinate position most.
- the lower vehicle is used as the front vehicle.
- Step 102C Acquire a relative speed of the front vehicle and the vehicle collected by the radar and a current distance between the front vehicle and the vehicle.
- the radar is responsible for detecting the distance and relative speed of the vehicle in front and the vehicle. Since the range of radar detection is relatively large, there are often multiple vehicles in front, so the distance and relative speed of multiple front vehicles and the vehicle are obtained through the radar. Therefore, in order to know which data is the relative speed and the distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle, it is necessary to match the data of the preceding vehicle to be captured with the data of the preceding vehicle in the video or image information to determine the relative speed of the preceding vehicle relative to the vehicle and The current distance between the front vehicle and the vehicle.
- the matching algorithm can utilize the method of detecting the vehicle in front of the millimeter wave radar and the machine vision information, that is, by projecting the point target collected by the radar onto the image, a region of interest is generated around the point, and then only in the region. Search and search to match the target of the radar point. If the match is successful, it indicates that the point is the point corresponding to the preceding vehicle, and the distance and relative speed corresponding to the point are obtained.
- step 102D the speed of the vehicle is detected, and the speed of the preceding vehicle is determined according to the speed and the relative speed of the vehicle.
- the vehicle information collecting device in the vehicle can be used to detect the speed of the vehicle, and on the premise that the relative speed of the preceding vehicle and the vehicle is known, the front vehicle speed corresponding to the preceding vehicle is calculated according to the vehicle speed.
- the vehicle information collecting device in the vehicle can be used to detect the speed of the vehicle, and on the premise that the relative speed of the preceding vehicle and the vehicle is known, the front vehicle speed corresponding to the preceding vehicle is calculated according to the vehicle speed.
- a following speed control method is proposed, the method comprising:
- step 901 the front vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the current distance between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle are obtained.
- Step 902 determining a corresponding reaction time according to the speed of the vehicle, and the reaction time is positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle.
- step 903 the minimum safe distance is determined according to the preceding vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the reaction time.
- Step 904 Acquire a preset buffer parameter, and calculate a buffer distance according to the vehicle speed and the buffer parameter.
- Step 905 Calculate the target following distance according to the minimum safe distance and the buffer distance.
- Step 906 obtaining a speed adjustment time interval.
- Step 907 Calculate the first acceleration according to the difference between the current distance and the target following distance, the difference between the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, and the speed adjustment time interval.
- step 908 it is determined whether the first acceleration is within the uniform speed range. If yes, the process proceeds to step 909. If not, the process proceeds to step 910.
- step 909 it is determined that the target acceleration is 0, and the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed.
- step 910 it is determined whether the first acceleration is less than the minimum endpoint value of the smooth interval range. If yes, the process proceeds to step 912. If not, the process proceeds to step 911.
- step 911 the first acceleration is used as the target acceleration, and the traveling speed of the vehicle is controlled according to the target acceleration.
- step 912 it is determined whether the preceding vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed. If yes, the process proceeds to step 913. If not, the process proceeds to step 911.
- Step 913 calculating a second acceleration according to the current distance, the minimum safe distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed;
- step 914 it is determined whether the second acceleration is a positive acceleration. If yes, the process proceeds to step 909. If not, the process proceeds to step 911.
- a following speed control device is proposed, the device comprising:
- the obtaining module 1002 is configured to acquire a preceding vehicle speed, a local vehicle speed, and a current vehicle distance between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle;
- the distance calculation module 1004 is configured to calculate a corresponding target following distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed;
- the acceleration calculation module 1006 is configured to calculate a first acceleration according to the current vehicle distance, the target following distance, the preceding vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed;
- the control module 1008 is configured to acquire a smooth interval range, determine a target acceleration according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and control a traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration.
- the smoothing interval ranges from a uniform speed interval range
- the control module is further configured to determine that the target acceleration is 0 when the first acceleration is within the uniform speed interval, and control the vehicle Keep driving at a constant speed.
- the acceleration calculation module 1006 is further configured to acquire a speed adjustment time interval, according to a difference between the current vehicle distance and the target following distance, a difference between the front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed The value, the speed adjustment time interval, calculates a first acceleration.
- the following speed control device further includes: a first acceleration determining module, configured to: if the calculated first acceleration is greater than a preset first threshold, use the first threshold as a The first acceleration is used, and if the calculated first acceleration is less than a preset second threshold, the second threshold is used as the first acceleration.
- a first acceleration determining module configured to: if the calculated first acceleration is greater than a preset first threshold, use the first threshold as a The first acceleration is used, and if the calculated first acceleration is less than a preset second threshold, the second threshold is used as the first acceleration.
- the distance calculation module 1004 includes:
- a determining module 1004A configured to determine a minimum safe distance based on the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed
- the buffer distance calculation module 1004B is configured to acquire a preset buffer parameter, and calculate a buffer distance according to the local vehicle speed and the buffer parameter;
- the target following distance calculation module 1004C is configured to calculate a target following distance based on the minimum safe distance and the buffer distance.
- control module 1008 is further configured to: when the first acceleration is not within the smooth interval range, if the first acceleration is less than a minimum endpoint value of the smooth interval range and the preceding vehicle speed When the vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed, the second acceleration is calculated according to the current vehicle distance, the minimum safety vehicle distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed, and if the second acceleration is the forward acceleration, the target is determined. The acceleration is 0, and the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed.
- the determining module 1004A includes:
- the reaction time determining module 1202 is configured to determine a corresponding reaction time according to the local vehicle speed, and the reaction time is positively correlated with the local vehicle speed;
- the minimum safe distance determination module 1204 is configured to determine the minimum safe distance based on the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time.
- the reaction time determining module 1202 is further configured to determine a corresponding reaction time according to a ratio of the vehicle speed and the preset speed value if the vehicle speed is less than a preset speed value; If the speed of the vehicle is not less than the preset speed value, the time coefficient is acquired, and the corresponding reaction time is determined according to the vehicle speed, the preset speed value, and the time coefficient.
- the minimum safe distance determination module 1204 includes:
- the coasting distance calculation unit 1204A is configured to calculate a brake coasting distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the preceding vehicle speed, and calculate a brake coasting distance corresponding to the vehicle according to the vehicle speed;
- the reaction distance calculation unit 1204B is configured to calculate a reaction distance according to the vehicle speed and the reaction time;
- the minimum safe distance determining unit 1204C is configured to determine a minimum safe distance according to the reaction distance, the brake coasting distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle, and the brake coasting distance corresponding to the vehicle.
- the taxi distance calculation unit 1204A is further configured to acquire a preset first brake acceleration corresponding to the local vehicle and a second brake acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle, according to the local vehicle speed and the first brake acceleration.
- the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle is calculated, and the braking distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle is calculated according to the preceding vehicle speed and the second braking acceleration.
- the acquisition module 1002 is further configured to collect video or image information in front of the vehicle, identify a vehicle and a lane line in the video or image information, and determine a positional relationship between the vehicle and the lane line.
- the front vehicle corresponding to the vehicle acquires the relative speed of the front vehicle and the vehicle collected by the radar and the current distance between the front vehicle and the vehicle, and detects the speed of the vehicle, according to the vehicle speed and the relative speed. Determine the speed of the front car.
- a following speed control system is proposed, the system comprising:
- the sensor unit 1402 is configured to collect the vehicle speed, the relative speed of the preceding vehicle and the vehicle, and the current distance between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle.
- the sensor unit includes a vehicle speed sensor and a radar, wherein the vehicle speed sensor is configured to collect the vehicle speed, and the radar is configured to collect the relative speed of the preceding vehicle relative to the vehicle and the current distance between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle. .
- the central processing unit 1404 including the following speed control device in any of the above embodiments, is configured to determine a target acceleration based on the following speed control device and transmit the determined target acceleration to the controller unit.
- the central processing unit includes the following speed control device in any of the above embodiments, the following speed control device is configured to acquire the speed of the vehicle collected by the sensor unit, the relative speed of the preceding vehicle and the vehicle, and the preceding vehicle. The current distance between the vehicle and the vehicle, then calculate the target acceleration, and send the calculated target acceleration to the controller unit.
- the following speed control device is configured to acquire the speed of the vehicle collected by the sensor unit, the relative speed of the preceding vehicle and the vehicle, and the preceding vehicle. The current distance between the vehicle and the vehicle, then calculate the target acceleration, and send the calculated target acceleration to the controller unit.
- the controller unit 1406 is configured to control the vehicle traveling speed according to the target acceleration.
- the controller unit is configured to receive the target acceleration transmitted by the central processing unit, and control the throttle or brake system to control the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration.
- a following speed control system includes a sensor unit 1502, a central processing unit 1504, and a controller unit 1506.
- the sensor unit 902 includes a camera, a radar, and a vehicle information collecting device.
- video or image information in front of the vehicle is captured by the camera.
- the speed and relative speed of the vehicle in front of the vehicle and the vehicle are detected by the radar, and the speed of the vehicle is measured by a vehicle information collecting device (for example, a vehicle sensor).
- the central processing unit 904 includes an image feature recognition module, an information fusion module, and a vehicle speed control module, and the image feature recognition module is configured to identify the vehicle and the lane line in the video or image information according to the image feature recognition algorithm, according to the positional relationship between the vehicle and the lane line Determine the front car.
- the information fusion module is configured to match the data of the preceding vehicle in the video or image with the data of the preceding vehicle recognized by the radar, and match the distance and relative speed corresponding to the preceding vehicle, according to the speed of the vehicle and the preceding vehicle relative to the present The relative speed of the car determines the speed of the preceding car.
- the vehicle speed control module in the central processing unit determines the target acceleration required by the vehicle to follow the vehicle according to the vehicle speed, the preceding vehicle speed, and the distance between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle, and transmits the target acceleration to the controller unit.
- the controller controls the throttle and brake system to control the speed of the vehicle based on the target acceleration.
- the control logic is placed in the vehicle speed control module. Compared with the traditional way of integrating the control logic into the controller, the method can implement complex control strategies and adjust the control strategy more flexibly.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment.
- the computer device may be a terminal, wherein the terminal may be a communication-enabled electronic device such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and an in-vehicle device.
- the computer device includes a processor, a non-volatile storage medium, an internal memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus.
- the non-volatile storage medium of the computer device can store an operating system and a computer program, and when executed, the processor can cause the processor to execute a following speed control method.
- the processor of the computer device is arranged to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire computer device.
- the internal memory can store a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform a following speed control method.
- the network interface of the computer device is set to perform network communication.
- the following speed control device provided by the present application may be implemented in the form of a computer program executable on a computer device as shown in FIG. 16, and the non-volatile storage medium of the computer device may be
- the respective program modules constituting the following speed control device are stored, for example, the acquisition module 1002 in FIG. 10, the distance calculation module 1004, the acceleration calculation module 1006, and the control module 1008.
- Each of the program modules includes a computer program for causing the computer device to perform the steps in the following speed control method of the various embodiments of the present application described in the specification, the processor in the computer device being capable of calling the nonvolatile of the computer device
- Each program module of the following speed control device stored in the storage medium runs a corresponding readable command to implement the functions corresponding to the respective modules of the vehicle speed control device in this specification.
- Each of the program modules includes a computer program for causing the computer device to perform the steps in the following speed control method of the various embodiments of the present application described in the specification, the processor in the computer device being capable of calling the nonvolatile of the computer device
- Each program module of the following speed control device stored in the storage medium runs a corresponding readable command to implement the functions corresponding to the respective modules of the vehicle speed control device in this specification.
- the computer device can acquire the preceding vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the current distance between the preceding vehicle and the own vehicle through the acquisition module 1002 in the following speed control device as shown in FIG.
- the distance calculation module 1004 Calculating a corresponding target following distance according to the front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed; and calculating, by the acceleration calculation module 1006, the first acceleration according to the current vehicle distance, the target following distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed;
- the smoothing interval range is acquired by the control module 1008, the target acceleration is determined according to the first acceleration and the smoothing interval range, and the traveling speed of the vehicle is controlled according to the target acceleration.
- a computer apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, the computer program being executed by the processor, causing the processor to execute the computer program
- the following steps are implemented: obtaining a front vehicle speed, a vehicle speed, and a current vehicle distance between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle; calculating a corresponding target following vehicle distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed; Calculating a first acceleration by the vehicle distance, the target following distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed; acquiring a smooth interval range, determining a target acceleration according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and controlling according to the target acceleration The speed of the car.
- the smoothing interval range is a uniform speed interval range
- the smoothing interval range is obtained
- the target acceleration is determined according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range
- the traveling speed of the vehicle is controlled according to the target acceleration. The step of determining that the target acceleration is 0 when the first acceleration is within the uniform range, and controlling the vehicle to maintain a constant speed.
- the step of calculating the first acceleration according to the current vehicle distance, the target following vehicle distance, the preceding vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed comprises: acquiring a speed adjustment time interval; according to the current vehicle distance A first acceleration is calculated from a difference between the target following distance, a difference between the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, and the speed adjustment time interval.
- the method when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method is further configured to: if the calculated first acceleration is greater than a preset first threshold, the first threshold is used as The first acceleration; if the calculated first acceleration is less than a preset second threshold, the second threshold is used as the first acceleration.
- the step of calculating a corresponding target following distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed comprises: determining a minimum safety distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed; acquiring a preset buffer And calculating a buffer distance according to the vehicle speed and the buffer parameter; and calculating a target following distance according to the minimum safety distance and the buffer distance.
- the obtaining a smooth interval range, determining a target acceleration according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and controlling the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration includes: when the first acceleration When the first acceleration is less than the minimum end point of the smooth interval range and the front vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed, according to the current distance, the minimum safe distance, The front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed are calculated to obtain a second acceleration; if the second acceleration is a positive acceleration, the target acceleration is determined to be 0, and the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed.
- the determining the minimum safe distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed comprises: determining a corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, the reaction time being positive with the vehicle speed Corresponding; determining the minimum safe distance according to the front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time.
- the determining a corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, the reaction time being positively correlated with the vehicle speed comprises: if the vehicle speed is less than a preset speed value, according to The ratio of the speed of the vehicle and the preset speed value determines a corresponding reaction time; if the speed of the vehicle is not less than the preset speed value, acquiring a time coefficient according to the vehicle speed and the preset speed The value and the time coefficient determine the corresponding reaction time.
- the determining the minimum safe distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time comprises: calculating a brake coasting distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the preceding vehicle speed, according to the Calculating the speed of the vehicle to obtain the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle; calculating the reaction distance according to the speed of the vehicle and the reaction time; according to the reaction distance, the braking distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle, and the corresponding vehicle The brake glide distance determines the minimum safe distance.
- the step of calculating the brake coasting distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the preceding vehicle speed, and calculating the brake coasting distance corresponding to the vehicle according to the vehicle speed comprises: acquiring a preset corresponding vehicle correspondence a first brake acceleration and a second brake acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle; calculating, according to the vehicle speed and the first brake acceleration, a brake coasting distance corresponding to the vehicle; according to the front vehicle speed and the second brake The acceleration calculation obtains the brake travel distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle.
- the step of acquiring the preceding vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the current distance between the preceding vehicle and the host vehicle includes: collecting video or image information in front of the vehicle, and identifying the video or image. a vehicle and a lane line in the information; determining a front vehicle corresponding to the vehicle according to a positional relationship between the vehicle and the lane line; acquiring a relative speed of the preceding vehicle relative to the vehicle collected by the radar, and a front vehicle and the vehicle The current distance between the vehicles; detecting the speed of the vehicle, determining the speed of the preceding vehicle based on the speed of the vehicle and the relative speed.
- a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, the program being executed by the processor to: obtain a preceding vehicle speed, a vehicle speed, and a current distance between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle; Calculating a corresponding following vehicle distance according to the front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed; calculating a first acceleration according to the current vehicle distance, the target following vehicle distance, the front vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed; acquiring a smooth interval range, according to The first acceleration and the smooth interval range determine a target acceleration, and the traveling speed of the vehicle is controlled according to the target acceleration.
- the smoothing interval range is a uniform speed interval range
- the smoothing interval range is obtained
- the target acceleration is determined according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range
- the traveling speed of the vehicle is controlled according to the target acceleration. The step of determining that the target acceleration is 0 when the first acceleration is within the uniform range, and controlling the vehicle to maintain a constant speed.
- the step of calculating the first acceleration according to the current vehicle distance, the target following vehicle distance, the preceding vehicle speed, and the vehicle speed comprises: acquiring a speed adjustment time interval; according to the current vehicle distance A first acceleration is calculated from a difference between the target following distance, a difference between the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed, and the speed adjustment time interval.
- the method when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method is further configured to: if the calculated first acceleration is greater than a preset first threshold, the first threshold is used as The first acceleration; if the calculated first acceleration is less than a preset second threshold, the second threshold is used as the first acceleration.
- the step of calculating a corresponding target following distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed comprises: determining a minimum safety distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed; acquiring a preset buffer And calculating a buffer distance according to the vehicle speed and the buffer parameter; and calculating a target following distance according to the minimum safety distance and the buffer distance.
- the obtaining a smooth interval range, determining a target acceleration according to the first acceleration and the smooth interval range, and controlling the traveling speed of the vehicle according to the target acceleration includes: when the first acceleration When the first acceleration is less than the minimum end point of the smooth interval range and the front vehicle speed is greater than the vehicle speed, according to the current distance, the minimum safe distance, The front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed are calculated to obtain a second acceleration; if the second acceleration is a positive acceleration, the target acceleration is determined to be 0, and the vehicle is controlled to maintain a constant speed.
- the determining the minimum safe distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed comprises: determining a corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, the reaction time being positive with the vehicle speed Corresponding; determining the minimum safe distance according to the front vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time.
- the determining a corresponding reaction time according to the vehicle speed, the reaction time being positively correlated with the vehicle speed comprises: if the vehicle speed is less than a preset speed value, according to The ratio of the speed of the vehicle and the preset speed value determines a corresponding reaction time; if the speed of the vehicle is not less than the preset speed value, acquiring a time coefficient according to the vehicle speed and the preset speed The value and the time coefficient determine the corresponding reaction time.
- the determining the minimum safe distance according to the preceding vehicle speed and the vehicle speed and the reaction time comprises: calculating a brake coasting distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the preceding vehicle speed, according to the Calculating the speed of the vehicle to obtain the braking distance corresponding to the vehicle; calculating the reaction distance according to the speed of the vehicle and the reaction time; according to the reaction distance, the braking distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle, and the corresponding vehicle The brake glide distance determines the minimum safe distance.
- the step of calculating the brake coasting distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle according to the preceding vehicle speed, and calculating the brake coasting distance corresponding to the vehicle according to the vehicle speed comprises: acquiring a preset corresponding vehicle correspondence a first brake acceleration and a second brake acceleration corresponding to the preceding vehicle; calculating, according to the vehicle speed and the first brake acceleration, a brake coasting distance corresponding to the vehicle; according to the front vehicle speed and the second brake The acceleration calculation obtains the brake travel distance corresponding to the preceding vehicle.
- the step of acquiring the preceding vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the current distance between the preceding vehicle and the host vehicle includes: collecting video or image information in front of the vehicle, and identifying the video or image. a vehicle and a lane line in the information; determining a front vehicle corresponding to the vehicle according to a positional relationship between the vehicle and the lane line; acquiring a relative speed of the preceding vehicle relative to the vehicle collected by the radar, and a front vehicle and the vehicle The current distance between the vehicles; detecting the speed of the vehicle, determining the speed of the preceding vehicle based on the speed of the vehicle and the relative speed.
- the foregoing storage medium may be a non-volatile storage medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM). Wait.
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- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
一种跟车速度控制方法,包括:获取前车速度、本车速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距;根据前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;根据当前车距、目标跟车距离、前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;获取平稳区间范围,根据第一加速度和平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。该方法使车辆在一定范围内保持平稳行驶,避免了频繁的加速减速切换,提高了舒适度和稳定性。还提出了一种跟车速度控制装置、一种计算机设备和一种执行所述跟车速度控制方法的计算机可读存储介质。
Description
本申请要求于2017年08月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为2017107491506、发明名称“跟车速度控制方法、装置、系统、计算机设备及存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及计算机处理领域,特别是涉及一种跟车速度控制方法、装置、系统、计算机设备及存储介质。
随着经济的增长,汽车的数量迅速增加,城市交通拥堵也日益严重,车辆在行驶过程中,需要与前方车辆保持合适的安全车距,如果前车速度发生变化,本车也需要随时调节速度,这要求驾驶员精神高度集中,给驾驶员带来了巨大的精神压力。
传统的解决这类问题的方式主要有两种,一种是安装前方碰撞预警系统(Forward Collision Warning System,简称为FCWS),FCWS能够检测前方车辆,当存在碰撞危险时对驾驶者进行警告,但其本身不会采用任何制动措施去避免碰撞或控制车辆。另一种是自适应巡航控制(Adaptive Cruise Control,简称为ACC),在有碰撞危险时,车辆能够主动进行制动干预。但是自适应性巡航ACC控制车辆加速或减速仅仅是根据当前车距与设定的安全跟车距离来进行调整的,容易使车辆不断进行加速或减速,造成车辆颠簸,导致跟车的稳定性和舒适性较差。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对上述跟车稳定性和舒适性差的问题,提供了一种稳定性和舒适性比较高的跟车速度控制方法、装置、系统、计算机设备及存储介质。
一种跟车速度控制方法,所述方法包括:
获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;
根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;
根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;
获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
一种跟车速度控制装置,所述装置包括:
获取模块,被设置为获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;
距离计算模块,被设置为根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;
加速度计算模块,被设置为根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;
控制模块,被设置为获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
在其中一个实施例中,所述平稳区间范围为匀速区间范围,所述控制模块还被设置为当所述第一加速度在所述匀速区间范围内时,确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在其中一个实施例中,所述加速度计算模块还被设置为获取速度调整时间间隔,根据所述当前车距与所述目标跟车距离的差值、所述前车速度与本车速度的差值、所述速度调整时间间隔计算得到第一加速度。
在其中一个实施例中,所述装置还包括:第一加速度确定模块,被设置为若计算得到的所述第一加速度大于预设的第一阈值,则将所述第一阈值作为所述第一加速度,若计算得到的所述第一加速度小于预设的第二阈值,则将所述第二阈值作为所述第一加速度。
在其中一个实施例中,所述距离计算模块包括:确定模块,被设置为根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距;缓冲距离计算模块,被设置为获取预设的缓冲参数,根据所述本车速度和所述缓冲参数计算得到缓冲距离;目标跟车距离计算模块,被设置为根据所述最小安全车距和所述缓冲距离计算得 到目标跟车距离。
在其中一个实施例中,所述控制模块还被设置为当所述第一加速度不在所述平稳区间范围内时,若所述第一加速度小于所述平稳区间范围的最小端点值且所述前车速度大于本车速度时,则根据所述当前车距、最小安全车距、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度,若所述第二加速度为正向加速度,则确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在其中一个实施例中,所述安全距离确定模块包括:反应时间确定模块,被设置为根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关;最小安全车距确定模块,被设置为根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定所述最小安全车距。
在其中一个实施例中,所述反应时间确定模块还被设置为若所述本车速度小于预设速度值,则根据所述本车速度和所述预设速度值的比值确定对应的反应时间;若所述本车速度不小于预设速度值,则获取时间系数,根据所述本车速度、所述预设速度值以及所述时间系数确定对应的反应时间。
在其中一个实施例中,所述最小安全车距确定模块包括:滑行距离计算单元,被设置为根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;反应距离计算单元,被设置为根据所述本车速度和所述反应时间计算得到反应距离;最小安全车距确定单元,被设置为根据所述反应距离、所述前车对应的刹车滑行距离、和本车对应的刹车滑行距离确定最小安全车距。
在其中一个实施例中,滑行距离计算单元还被设置为获取预设的本车对应的第一刹车加速度和前车对应的第二刹车加速度,根据所述本车速度和所述第一刹车加速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述前车速度和所述第二刹车加速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离。
在其中一个实施例中,所述获取模块还被设置为采集本车前方的视频或图像信息,识别所述视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线,根据所述车辆与所述车道线的位置关系确定与本车对应的前车,获取雷达采集到的前车与本车的相对速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距,检测本车速度,根据所述本车速度和所 述相对速度确定前车速度。
一种跟车速度控制系统,所述系统包括:
传感器单元,被设置为采集本车速度、前车与本车的相对速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距;
中央处理单元,包括上述任意实施例中的所述跟车速度控制装置,被设置为根据所述跟车速度控制装置确定目标加速度,并将确定的所述目标加速度发送给控制器单元;
控制器单元,被设置为根据所述目标加速度控制本车行驶速度。
一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器中存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现以下步骤:
获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;
根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;
根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;
获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
在其中一个实施例中,所述平稳区间范围为匀速区间范围,所述获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤包括:当所述第一加速度在所述匀速区间范围内时,确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在其中一个实施例中,所述根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度的步骤包括:获取速度调整时间间隔;根据所述当前车距与所述目标跟车距离的差值、所述前车速度与本车速度的差值、所述速度调整时间间隔计算得到第一加速度。
在其中一个实施例中,所述计算机可读指令被所述处理器执行时,还被设 置为执行以下步骤:若计算得到的所述第一加速度大于预设的第一阈值,则将所述第一阈值作为所述第一加速度;若计算得到的所述第一加速度小于预设的第二阈值,则将所述第二阈值作为所述第一加速度。
在其中一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离的步骤包括:根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距;获取预设的缓冲参数,根据所述本车速度和所述缓冲参数计算得到缓冲距离;根据所述最小安全车距和所述缓冲距离计算得到目标跟车距离。
在其中一个实施例中,所述获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤包括:当所述第一加速度不在所述平稳区间范围内时,若所述第一加速度小于所述平稳区间范围的最小端点值且所述前车速度大于本车速度时,则根据所述当前车距、最小安全车距、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度;若所述第二加速度为正向加速度,则确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在其中一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距的步骤包括:根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关;根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定所述最小安全车距。
在其中一个实施例中,所述根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关的步骤包括:若所述本车速度小于预设速度值,则根据所述本车速度和所述预设速度值的比值确定对应的反应时间;若所述本车速度不小于预设速度值,则获取时间系数,根据所述本车速度、所述预设速度值以及所述时间系数确定对应的反应时间。
一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,该程序被处理器执行时实现以下步骤:
获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;
根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;
根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;
获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
上述跟车速度控制方法、装置、系统、计算机设备及存储介质,通过根据当前车距和目标跟车距离以及前车速度和本车度计算得到的第一加速度,相对于之前仅仅根据预设的参数确定的加速度的方式更加灵活且更加准确,进一步的,在根据当前车距和目标跟车距离以及前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度后,还需要获取平稳区间范围,根据第一加速度和平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,然后根据目标加速度控制本车的行驶加速度。该方法通过设置平稳区间范围,使得车辆在一定的范围内保持平稳行驶,避免了频繁的加速减速切换,提高了舒适度和稳定性。
图1为一个实施例中跟车速度控制方法的方法流程图;
图2为一个实施例中计算第一加速度的方法流程图;
图3为一个实施例中计算目标跟车距离的方法流程图;
图4为一个实施例中根据控制本车的行驶速度的方法流程图;
图5为一个实施例中确定最小安全车距的方法流程图;
图6为另一个实施例中确定最小安全车距的方法流程图;
图7为一个实施例中获取前车速度、本车速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距的方法流程图;
图8A为一个实施例中识别出的车辆和车道线的示意图;
图8B为一个实施例中根据左右车道线确定本车道在图像中的区域的示意图;
图9为另一个实施例中跟车速度控制方法的流程图;
图10为一个实施例中跟车速度控制装置的结构框图;
图11为另一个实施例中跟车速度控制装置的结构框图;
图12为一个实施例中安全车距确定模块的结构框图;
图13为又一个实施例中最小安全车距确定模块的结构框图;
图14为一个实施例中跟车速度控制系统的结构框图;
图15为一个实施例中跟车速度控制系统的结构示意图;
图16为一个实施例中计算机设备的内部结构示意图。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
如图1所示,在一个实施例中,提出了一种跟车速度控制方法,所述方法包括:
步骤102,获取前车速度、本车速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距。
其中,前车(又称“前方引导车辆”),是指与本车在同一车道且距离本车最近的前方车辆。本车是指当前被控的车辆,即己方车辆。前车速度是指前车的实际行驶速度。本车速度是指本车的实际行驶速度。前车与本车之间的当前车距是指检测到的前车与本车之间的当前距离。可选地,本车速度可以通过本车的车辆信息采集装置(比如车速传感器)直接测量得到。前车与本车的相对速度和前车与本车之间的当前车距可以通过雷达(比如,毫米波雷达)探测得到。在已知本车速度的情况下,经过相对转换就可以确定前车速度。
在一个实施例中,为了能准确确定前车,排除其他车辆的干扰。在获取前车速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距的步骤之前还包括:确定与本车对应的前车。可选地,前车的确定可以通过采集本车前方的视频或图像信息,然后采用图像特征识别算法对采集到的视频或图像信息进行识别得到视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线信息,根据车辆和车道线信息的位置关系就可以确定与本车对应的前车。其中,视频或图像的采集可以通过采集装置的摄像头来进行采集,其中,采集装置可以是工业照相机,可以是视频采集装置等可以拍摄视频或图 像的装置。
步骤104,根据前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离。
其中,目标跟车距离是指为了安全,前车与本车之间应该保持的标准距离。目标跟车距离与本车速度成正相关,与前车速度成反相关。即在其他条件不变的情况下,本车速度越大,相应的目标跟车距离越大。同样地,前车速度越大,相应的目标跟车距离越小。当本车速度比较大时,目标跟车距离调整为比较大的数值能够更好地避免碰撞事件的发生。而当前车速度比较大时,目标跟车距离调整为比较小的距离就可以避免碰撞事件的发生。通过前车速度和本车速度计算得到目标跟车距离能够更加贴近实际需求。
在一个实施例中,目标跟车距离可以设置为本车速度与前车速度之差乘以一个预设系数,然后加上一个预设距离(即前车与本车速度一致时所对应的距离),可以采用如下公式计算得到:L=L
1+(v
s-v
q)*k
1,其中,L为目标跟车距离,L
1为预设距离(比如,设置为5m),v
s为本车速度,v
q为前车速度,k
1为预设系数。
步骤106,根据当前车距、目标跟车距离、前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度。
其中,第一加速度是指使得当前车距和目标跟车距离保持一致所需要的加速度。为了使计算得到的第一加速度更贴近实际需求,第一加速度是根据当前车距、目标跟车距离、前车速度和本车速度计算得到的,其中,第一加速度与当前车距成正相关、与目标跟车距离成反相关、与前车速度成正相关,与本车速度成反相关。即,在其他情况条件不变的情况下,当前车距越大,第一加速度越大;同样地,目标跟车距离越大,第一加速度越小;前车速度越大,相应的第一加速度越大;本车速度越小,第一加速度越大。上述第一加速度是包括有方向的加速度,如果为负,说明为减速运动。通过将第一加速度与实际情况中需要调节的加速度大小保持一致,相对于传统的仅仅根据固定加速度来调节距离,更加贴合实际需求。
步骤108,获取平稳区间范围,根据第一加速度和平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
其中,平稳区间范围是指预设的加速度范围,如果计算得到的第一加速度在该平稳区间范围内,则控制本车平稳行驶。在计算得到第一加速度后,根据第一加速度和平稳区间范围进一步确定最终的目标加速度,然后根据目标加速度来控制本车的行驶速度。在一个实施例中,如果计算得到的第一加速度在该平稳区间范围内,则调整第一加速度的值得到目标加速度,可以保障本车平稳行驶。如果计算得到的第一加速度不在该平稳区间范围内,则可以直接将第一加速度作为目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
上述跟车速度控制方法,通过根据当前车距和目标跟车距离以及前车速度和本车度计算得到的第一加速度,相对于之前仅仅根据预设的参数确定加速度的方式更加灵活且更加准确,进一步的,在根据当前车距和目标跟车距离以及前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度后,获取平稳区间范围,根据第一加速度和平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,然后根据目标加速度控制本车的行驶加速度。该方法通过设置平稳区间范围,使得车辆在一定的范围内保持平稳行驶,避免了频繁的加速减速切换,提高了舒适度和稳定性。
上述跟车速度控制方法可以但不限于由本车(即当前被控的车辆)执行。该车辆可以但不限于包括有人驾驶车辆或者无人驾驶车辆。将用于执行上述跟车速度控制方法的程序应用到有人驾驶车辆的系统中,可以通过运行该程序辅助驾驶员对车辆的跟车速度进行控制。将用于执行上述跟车速度控制方法的程序应用到无人驾驶车辆的系统中,可以通过运行该程序使得车辆对其自身的跟车速度进行控制。
上述跟车速度控制方法可以但不限于由与本车建立连接的电子设备执行,该电子设备可以但不限于包括移动设备,例如:手机、平板电脑、PC计算机、笔记本电脑、智能穿戴设备等等,移动设备中安装有用于执行上述跟车速度控制方法的应用程序APP、脚本文件等,移动设备与本车建立连接,并通过运行应用程序APP或脚本文件与本车进行交互,对本车的跟车速度进行控制。或者,该电子设备还可以但不限于包括控制器,该控制器可以安装在本车上,也可以是独立的设备,通过与本车建立的连接对跟车速度进行控制。
需要说明的是,在本申请中,上述跟车速度控制方法可以但不限于应用于 各种形式的车辆,本申请对车辆的形式不作限定。例如:车辆可以但不限于指汽车、火车、电车、工程车、平衡车、自行车、机车、船只、飞机、直升机等等。
在一个实施例中,平稳区间范围为匀速区间范围;获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤108包括:当第一加速度在匀速区间范围内时,则确定目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在本实施例中,平稳区间范围为匀速区间范围,匀速区间范围是指当计算得到的第一加速度在该匀速区间范围内时,控制本车保持匀速行驶。可选地,预先设置匀速区间范围,比如,设置为[-1,0.5]为匀速区间范围,当计算得到的第一加速度在该匀速区间范围内时,则设置目标加速度为0,即此时不改变速度,控制本车保持匀速行驶。通过设置匀速区间范围,能够使得车辆在一定范围内保持匀速行驶,提高了舒适度和稳定性。
如图2所示,在一个实施例中,根据当前车距、目标跟车距离、前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度的步骤106包括:
步骤106A,获取速度调整时间间隔。
其中,速度调整时间间隔是指将当前车距调整为与目标跟车距离一致所要历经的时间。速度调整时间间隔的大小可以根据需要灵活地进行调整,比如,对于轻量型的汽车可以设置为3秒,对于重量型的汽车可以设置为4秒。通过灵活地设置速度调整时间间隔有利于更好地控制本车加速度的调整幅度。
步骤106B,根据当前车距与目标跟车距离的差值、前车速度与本车速度的差值、速度调整时间间隔计算得到第一加速度。
其中,第一加速度与当前车距与目标跟车距离的差值成正相关,即在其他条件不变的情况下,当前车距和目标跟车距离的差值越大所需要的加速度越大。第一加速度与前车速度与本车速度的差值也成正相关。第一加速度与速度调整 时间间隔成反相关,即调整时间间隔越大,对应的第一加速度越小。在一个可选的实施例中,假设目标跟车距离为L,当前车距为d,v
s为本车速度,v
q为前车速度,dt为速度调整时间间隔,则可以采用以下公式计算得到本车的第一加速度a:
该第一加速度的计算模型根据当前车距和目标跟车距离之差、前车速度和本车速度、以及速度调整时间计算得到,更加符合实际运行中加速度的运行,且可以灵活设置速度调整时间间隔来调整加速度的幅度,适用范围更广泛。
在一个实施例中,上述跟车速度控制方法还包括:若计算得到的所述第一加速度大于预设的第一阈值,则将第一阈值作为第一加速度;若计算得到的第一加速度小于预设的第二阈值,则将第二阈值作为所述第一加速度。
可选地,预先设置第一加速度的范围,将该范围内的最大端点值作为第一阈值,将该范围内的最小端点值作为第二阈值。当计算得到的第一加速度大于预设的第一阈值时,则将第一阈值作为第一加速度,同样地,当计算得到的第一加速度小于预设的第二阈值,则将第二阈值作为第一加速度。举个例子,预先设置第一加速度的范围为[-4,1.5],那么当第一加速度大于1.5时,则将该范围中的最大值1.5作为第一加速度,若第一加速度小于-4,则将最小值-4作为第二加速度。如果计算得到的第一加速度在该预设的范围内,将实际计算得到的值作为第一加速度。
如图3所示,在一个实施例中,根据前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离的步骤104包括:
步骤104A,根据前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距。
其中,最小安全车距是指前车与本车需要保持的最小安全距离。最小安全车距与前车速度成反相关,与本车速度成正相关。在一个实施例中,最小安全车距可以采用以下公式计算得到:
其中,L
S最小安全车距,v
s为本车速度,v
q为前车速度,a
s为本车最大刹车加速度,a
q为前车最大刹车加速度,a
s和a
q可以预先设置,比如,可以都设置为3m/s
2,为了更安全, 在计算最小安全车距时加上了一段预留距离L
0,预留距离L
0可以根据需要进行设定,比如,设置L
0=10m。
步骤104B,获取预设的缓冲参数,根据本车速度和缓冲参数计算得到缓冲距离。
可选地,缓冲距离是指为了进一步保证自动驾驶安全所设定的距离。缓冲距离与本车速度和缓冲参数成正相关。缓冲参数可以自定义设定,比如可以预先设定,也可以根据本车速度进行确定,还可以根据检测到的前车的车型来确定。在一个实施例中,缓冲距离等于本车速度与缓冲参数的乘积。
步骤104C,根据最小安全车距和缓冲距离计算得到目标跟车距离。
可选地,为了进一步保证自动驾驶安全,在最小安全车距的基础上再加上一段缓冲距离得到目标跟车距离,即将目标跟车距离设置的比最小安全车距再远一点,以便充分保障自动驾驶的安全。在一个实施例中,目标跟车距离的计算公式如下:L=L
S+v
s*k,其中,L表示目标跟车距离,L
S表示最小安全车距,v
s表示本车速度,k表示缓冲参数,v
s*k表示缓冲距离,其中,k可以预先设定,比如设置k=1。
如图4所示,在一个实施例中,上述获取平稳区间范围,根据第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤108包括:
步骤110,判断第一加速度是否在平稳区间范围内,若是,则进入步骤111,若否,则进入步骤112。
步骤111,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
步骤112,判断第一加速度是否小于平稳区间范围的最小端点值,若是,则进入步骤114,若否,则进入步骤113。
步骤113,根据第一加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
步骤114,判断前车速度是否大于本车速度,若是,则进入步骤115,若否,则进入步骤113。
步骤115,根据当前车距、最小安全车距、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度。
步骤116,判断第二加速度是否为正向加速度,若是,则进入步骤111,若否,则进入步骤113。
可选地,首先,判断第一加速度是否在平稳区间范围内,若是,则控制本车保持匀速行驶;若否,则需要继续判断第一加速度是否小于平稳区间范围的最小端点值,若不小于,则直接第一加速度控制本车的行驶速度,若小于,则需要继续判断前车速度是否大于本车速度,若是,则根据最小安全车距、当前车距、前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度,接下来还需要判断计算得到的第二加速度是否为正向加速度,即该第二加速度是否大于0,若是,则控制本车保持匀速行驶,若否,则根据第一加速度控制本车的行驶速度。举个例子,设置平稳区间范围为[-1,0.5],如果计算得到的第一加速度属于这个区间,那么设置目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶,从而可避免频繁的加速或减速,提高了舒适度和稳定性。如果计算得到的第一加速度小于-1且前车速度大于本车速度时,则利用最小安全车距计算一个第二加速度,若第二加速度大于0,则也设置目标加速度为0。这种情况下,前车与本车的距离虽然比目标跟车距离远,但是比最小安全车距大,且前车速度比较快的情况下,不需要进行刹车,会逐渐恢复跟车距离,通过该方法避免了频繁的刹车。
如图5所示,在一个实施例中,根据前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距的步骤104A包括:
步骤502,根据本车速度确定对应的反应时间,反应时间与本车速度成正相关。
其中,反应时间是指刹车反应时间,即检测到前车刹车或减速后对本车进行制动的延迟时间,由于在该反应时间内车辆会按照原来的状态继续行驶,所以需要将这段时间内的行走距离考虑到目标跟车距离中。传统的反应时间一般是一个固定值,为了避免固定反应时间造成的低速下跟车距离过大,或高速时跟车距离又过小的问题,提出了根据本车速度来确定反应时间,其中,反应时间与本车速度成正相关。即车速越大,反应时间越长,这样可以更好的保证安全性。在一个实施例中,预先设置一个速度值,将本车速度与该速度值的比值作为反应时间。比如,设置速度值为10m/s,那么当本车速度为7m/s时,相应 的反应时间为0.7s。本车速度越大,相应的反应时间越长。
步骤504,根据前车速度和本车速度以及反应时间确定最小安全车距。
可选地,在计算得到反应时间后,根据前车速度、本车速度以及反应时间确定最小安全车距。最小安全车距与反应时间成正相关,与本车速度成正相关、与前车速度成反相关。在一个实施例中,可以采用以下公式计算得到最小安全车距:L
s=v
st+(v
s-v
q)*k
1+L
1,其中,L
S为最小安全车距,t
s为计算得到的反应时间,v
s为本车速度,v
q为前车速度,L
1为预留的标准距离,k
1为预设系数(比如,设置为0.5)。在另一个实施例中,可以首先判断前车速度与本车速度的差值是否大于预设的速度阈值,若是,说明前车速度远远大于本车速度,此时只需要预留很短的距离就可以避免碰撞,所以可以直接设置最小安全车距为一个固定值,若前车速度与本车速度的差值没有大于预设的速度阈值,则采用上述公式计算得到最小安全车距。
在一个实施例中,所述根据本车速度确定对应的反应时间,反应时间与本车速度成正相关的步骤502包括:若本车速度小于预设速度值,则根据本车速度和预设速度值的比值确定对应的反应时间;若本车速度不小于预设速度值,则获取时间系数,根据本车速度、预设速度值以及时间系数确定对应的反应时间。
可选地,反应时间的计算采用分段函数来计算,当本车速度小于或等于预设速度值时,则根据本车速度和预设速度值的比值确定反应时间。当本车速度大于预设速度值时,根据本车速度与预设速度值的差值以及时间系数来确定反应时间。时间系数可以预先设置为固定值,比如,1s,也可以根据本车速度进行调整,本车速度越大,相应的时间系数也越大。在一个实施例中,当本车速度大于预设速度值时,将本车速度与预设速度值的差值乘以时间系数作为反应时间,即反应时间与本车速度与预设速度值的差值成正相关,与获取的时间系数也成正相关。在另一个实施例中,当本车速度大于预设速度值时,首先将等于预设速度值时的反应时间作为一个基数,将本车速度与预设速度值的差值与时间系数的乘积作为附加值,将基数与附加值的和作为最终的反应时间。可选地,假设预设速度值为V
1,如果本车速度v
s小于V
1,则反应时间t
s=v
s/V
1,若v
s≥V
1, 则t
s=1+(v
s-v
1)*h,其中,h为时间系数,h的值可以自定义,比如设置h=0.05,h的值越大,反应时间增长越快。
如图6所示,在一个实施例中,根据前车速度和本车速度以及反应时间确定最小安全车距的步骤504包括:
步骤504A,根据前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离。
其中,前车速度与前车对应的刹车滑行距离成正相关,即前车速度越大,前车对应的刹车滑行距离越大。同样地,本车速度与本车对应的刹车滑行距离成正相关,即本车速度越大,本车对应的刹车滑行距离越大。在一个实施例中,获取预设的前车对应的刹车加速度和本车对应的刹车加速度,根据前车速度和前车对应的刹车加速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据本车速度和本车对应的刹车加速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离。
步骤504B,根据本车速度和反应时间计算得到反应距离。
其中,反应距离与本车速度和反应时间均成正相关,在一个实施例中,可以直接将本车速度与反应时间的乘积作为反应距离。在另一个实施例中,也可以在本车速度与反应时间的乘积的基础上加上一段距离得到反应距离。
步骤504C,根据反应距离、前车对应的刹车滑行距离、和本车对应的刹车滑行距离确定最小安全车距。
其中,刹车滑行距离是指刹车后车辆由于惯性继续滑行的距离。最小安全车距与反应距离、本车对应的刹车滑行距离均成正相关,最小安全车距与前车对应的刹车滑行距离成反相关。在一个实施例中,将反应距离与本车对应的刹车滑行距离之和,然后减去前车对应的刹车滑行距离得到最小安全车距。在另一个实施例中,为了更安全,再加上一段预留距离,即最小安全车距=反应距离+本车对应的刹车滑行距离-前车对应的刹车滑行距离+预留距离。其中,预留距离是为了进一步保证安全而特别设定的,可选地,可以采用以下公式计算得到最小安全车距:
其中,t
s为反应时间,L
S为最小安全车距,v
s为本车速度,v
q为前车速度,a
s为本车最大刹车加速度,a
q为前车最大刹车加速度,a
s和a
q可以预先设置,比如,可以都设置为3m/s
2,L
0为 预留距离,可以自定义设置,比如,设置L
0=3m。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离的步骤包括:获取本车对应的第一刹车加速度和前车对应的第二刹车加速度;根据所述本车速度和所述第一刹车加速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;根据所述前车速度和所述第二刹车加速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离。
可选地,第一刹车加速度是指本车对应的最大刹车加速度。第二刹车加速度是指前车对应的最大刹车加速度。第一刹车加速度可以通过获取本车的性能参数来获取,也可以通过预先自定义,比如,预先设置本车的第一刹车加速度为3m/s2。第二刹车加速度可以通过检测前车车型来确定,预先存储不同车型及对应的最大刹车加速度,根据检测到的前车车型确定前车对应的第二刹车加速度。在另一个实施例中,第二刹车加速度也可以通过与前车建立连接通信,自动获取前车的性能参数信息,根据性能参数信息确定前车对应的第二刹车加速度。
如图7所示,在一个实施例中,获取前车速度、本车速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距的步骤包括:
步骤102A,采集本车前方的视频或图像信息,识别视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线。
其中,通过摄像头实时采集本车前方的视频或图像信息,然后通过图像特征识别算法识别视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线。其中,图像特征识别算法可以采用基于单目视觉的车辆识别方法,当然也可以采用其他图像特征识别算法,这里并不对图像特征识别算法进行限制。如图8A所示,为一个实施例中,识别出的车辆和车道线的示意图,其中,将识别出的车辆以相应的矩形框框起来。该利用摄像头拍摄的视频或图像信息能够准确地确定前车,避免了弯道时选择相邻车道前车造成误刹车,充分发挥了摄像头的优势。
步骤102B,根据车辆与车道线的位置关系确定与本车对应的前车。
可选地,识别得到视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线后,根据左右车道线,确定本车道在图像中的区域(对应图中左右车道线的中间部分)。获取识别到的本 车道中的车辆,然后根据识别到的车辆所对应的外包矩形框的位置确定本车对应的前车。可选地,首先,选择车辆外包矩形框在本车道区域内的车辆,然后按照下边框中点的坐标,即矩形框下边框的纵坐标(如图8B所示)进行排序,找到坐标位置最靠下的车辆作为前车。
步骤102C,获取雷达采集到的前车与本车的相对速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距。
其中,在通过视频或图像信息识别确定前车后,获取雷达采集到的前车相对于本车的相对速度和前车与本车之间的当前车距。可选地,雷达负责探测前方车辆与本车的车距和相对速度。由于雷达探测的范围比较大,所以往往探测到的前方车辆有多个,故通过雷达获取到的是多个前方车辆与本车的车距和相对速度。所以为了获知哪一个数据是与前车对应的相对速度和车距,需要即将采集到的前方车辆的数据与视频或图像信息中前车的数据进行匹配确定前车相对于本车的相对速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距。匹配的算法可以利用毫米波雷达与机器视觉信息相融合的前车车辆检测方法,即通过将雷达采集到的点目标投影到图像上,围绕该点生成一个感兴趣区域,然后只对该区域内进行搜索,搜到以后跟雷达点目标进行匹配,若匹配成功,说明该点就是前车对应的点,获取与该点对应的车距和相对速度。
步骤102D,检测本车速度,根据本车速度和相对速度确定前车速度。
其中,利用本车中的车辆信息采集装置即可检测本车速度,在已知前车与本车相对速度的前提下,根据本车速度计算得到前车对应的前车速度。上述过程中,通过将图像与雷达采集到的数据进行融合,可以准确地确定前车以及前车与本车的相对速度和车距,避免了弯道时选择相邻车道中的前车造成误刹车。
如图9所示,为一个实施例中,提出了一种跟车速度控制方法,该方法包括:
步骤901,获取前车速度、本车速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距。
步骤902,根据本车速度确定对应的反应时间,反应时间与本车速度成正相关。
步骤903,根据前车速度和本车速度以及反应时间确定最小安全车距。
步骤904,获取预设的缓冲参数,根据本车速度和缓冲参数计算得到缓冲距离。
步骤905,根据最小安全车距和缓冲距离计算得到目标跟车距离。
步骤906,获取速度调整时间间隔;
步骤907,根据当前车距与目标跟车距离的差值、前车速度与本车速度的差值、速度调整时间间隔计算得到第一加速度。
步骤908,判断第一加速度是否在匀速区间范围内,若是,则进入步骤909,若否,则进入步骤910。
步骤909,确定目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
步骤910,判断第一加速度是否小于平稳区间范围的最小端点值,若是,则进入步骤912,若否,则进入步骤911。
步骤911,将第一加速度作为目标加速度,根据目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
步骤912,判断前车速度是否大于本车速度,若是,则进入步骤913,若否,则进入步骤911。
步骤913,根据当前车距、最小安全车距、前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度;
步骤914,判断第二加速度是否为正向加速度,若是,则进入步骤909,若否,则进入步骤911。
如图10所示,在一个实施例中,提出了一种跟车速度控制装置,该装置包括:
获取模块1002,被设置为获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;
距离计算模块1004,被设置为根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;
加速度计算模块1006,被设置为根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述 前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;
控制模块1008,被设置为获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
在一个实施例中,所述平稳区间范围为匀速区间范围,所述控制模块还被设置为当所述第一加速度在所述匀速区间范围内时,确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在一个实施例中,所述加速度计算模块1006还被设置为获取速度调整时间间隔,根据所述当前车距与所述目标跟车距离的差值、所述前车速度与本车速度的差值、所述速度调整时间间隔计算得到第一加速度。
在一个实施例中,上述跟车速度控制装置还包括:第一加速度确定模块,被设置为若计算得到的所述第一加速度大于预设的第一阈值,则将所述第一阈值作为所述第一加速度,若计算得到的所述第一加速度小于预设的第二阈值,则将所述第二阈值作为所述第一加速度。
如图11所示,在一个实施例中,距离计算模块1004包括:
确定模块1004A,被设置为根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距;
缓冲距离计算模块1004B,被设置为获取预设的缓冲参数,根据所述本车速度和所述缓冲参数计算得到缓冲距离;
目标跟车距离计算模块1004C,被设置为根据所述最小安全车距和所述缓冲距离计算得到目标跟车距离。
在一个实施例中,控制模块1008还被设置为当所述第一加速度不在所述平稳区间范围内时,若所述第一加速度小于所述平稳区间范围的最小端点值且所述前车速度大于本车速度时,则根据所述当前车距、最小安全车距、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度,若所述第二加速度为正向加速度,则确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
如图12所示,在一个实施例中,确定模块1004A包括:
反应时间确定模块1202,被设置为根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关;
最小安全车距确定模块1204,被设置为根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定所述最小安全车距。
在一个实施例中,反应时间确定模块1202还被设置为若所述本车速度小于预设速度值,则根据所述本车速度和所述预设速度值的比值确定对应的反应时间;若所述本车速度不小于预设速度值,则获取时间系数,根据所述本车速度、所述预设速度值以及所述时间系数确定对应的反应时间。
如图13所示,在一个实施例中,最小安全车距确定模块1204包括:
滑行距离计算单元1204A,被设置为根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;
反应距离计算单元1204B,被设置为根据所述本车速度和所述反应时间计算得到反应距离;
最小安全车距确定单元1204C,被设置为根据所述反应距离、所述前车对应的刹车滑行距离、和本车对应的刹车滑行距离确定最小安全车距。
在一个实施例中,滑行距离计算单元1204A还被设置为获取预设的本车对应的第一刹车加速度和前车对应的第二刹车加速度,根据所述本车速度和所述第一刹车加速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述前车速度和所述第二刹车加速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离。
在一个实施例中,获取模块1002还被设置为采集本车前方的视频或图像信息,识别所述视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线,根据所述车辆与所述车道线的位置关系确定与本车对应的前车,获取雷达采集到的前车与本车的相对速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距,检测本车速度,根据所述本车速度和所述相对速度确定前车速度。
如图14所示,在一个实施例中,提出了一种跟车速度控制系统,该系统包括:
传感器单元1402,被设置为采集本车速度、前车与本车的相对速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距。
可选地,传感器单元包括车速传感器和雷达,其中,车速传感器被设置为 采集本车速度,雷达被设置为采集前车相对于本车的相对速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距。
中央处理单元1404,包括上述任意实施例中的跟车速度控制装置,被设置为根据所述跟车速度控制装置确定目标加速度,并将确定的所述目标加速度发送给控制器单元。
可选地,中央处理单元包括上述任意实施例中的跟车速度控制装置,该跟车速度控制装置被设置为获取传感器单元采集到的本车速度、前车与本车的相对速度以及前车和本车之间的当前车距,然后计算目标加速度,并将计算得到的目标加速度发送给控制器单元。
控制器单元1406,被设置为根据所述目标加速度控制本车行驶速度。
可选地,控制器单元被设置为接收中央处理单元发送的目标加速度,根据目标加速度来控制油门或刹车系统来控制本车的行驶速度。
如图15所示,在一个实施例中,提出了一种跟车速度控制系统,该系统包括传感器单元1502、中央处理单元1504和控制器单元1506。其中,传感器单元902包括摄像头、雷达、车辆信息采集装置。可选地,通过摄像头采集车辆前方的视频或图像信息。通过雷达探测前方车辆与本车的车距和相对速度,通过车辆信息采集装置(比如,车辆传感器)测量本车速度。中央处理单元904包括图像特征识别模块、信息融合模块和车速控制模块,图像特征识别模块被设置为根据图像特征识别算法识别视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线,根据车辆和车道线的位置关系确定前车。信息融合模块被设置为将视频或图像中前车的数据与雷达识别出的前方车辆的数据进行匹配,匹配出与前车对应的车距和相对速度,根据本车速度和前车相对于本车的相对速度确定前车速度。然后通过中央处理单元中的车速控制模块根据本车速度、前车速度以及前车与本车之间的车距确定本车跟车时需要的目标加速度,将该目标加速度发送给控制器单元,控制器根据目标加速度控制油门和刹车系统来控制车辆的行驶速度。该方法中将控制逻辑放在了车速控制模块中,相对于传统的将控制逻辑集成在控制器中的方式,该方法可以实现复杂的控制策略,同时可以更灵活地调整控制策 略。
如图16所示,为一个实施例中计算机设备的内部结构示意图。该计算机设备可以是终端,其中,终端可以是智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式电脑、个人数字助理、穿戴式设备和车载设备等具有通信功能的电子设备。参照图16,该计算机设备包括通过系统总线连接的处理器、非易失性存储介质、内存储器和网络接口。其中,该计算机设备的非易失性存储介质可存储操作系统和计算机程序,该计算机程序被执行时,可使得处理器执行一种跟车速度控制方法。该计算机设备的处理器被设置为提供计算和控制能力,支撑整个计算机设备的运行。该内存储器中可储存有计算机程序,该计算机程序被处理器执行时,可使得处理器执行一种跟车速度控制方法。计算机设备的网络接口被设置为进行网络通信。本领域技术人员可以理解,图16中示出的结构,仅仅是与本申请方案相关的部分结构的框图,并不构成对本申请方案所应用于其上的计算机设备的限定,可选的计算机设备可以包括比图中所示更多或更少的部件,或者组合某些部件,或者具有不同的部件布置。
在一个实施例中,本申请提供的跟车速度控制装置可以实现为一种计算机程序的形式,计算机程序可在如图16所示的计算机设备上运行,计算机设备的非易失性存储介质可存储组成跟车速度控制装置的各个程序模块,比如,图10中的获取模块1002,距离计算模块1004,加速度计算模块1006,控制模块1008。各个程序模块中包括计算机程序,计算机程序用于使计算机设备执行本说明书中描述的本申请各个实施例的跟车速度控制方法中的步骤,计算机设备中的处理器能够调用计算机设备的非易失性存储介质中存储的跟车速度控制装置的各个程序模块,运行对应的可读指令,实现本说明书中跟车速度控制装置的各个模块对应的功能。各个程序模块中包括计算机程序,计算机程序用于使计算机设备执行本说明书中描述的本申请各个实施例的跟车速度控制方法中的步骤,计算机设备中的处理器能够调用计算机设备的非易失性存储介质中存储的跟车速度控制装置的各个程序模块,运行对应的可读指令,实现本说明书中跟车速度控制装置的各个模块对应的功能。例如,计算机设备可以通过如图10所示的 跟车速度控制装置中的获取模块1002获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;通过距离计算模块1004根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;通过加速度计算模块1006根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;通过控制模块1008获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
在一个实施例中,提出了一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器中存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现以下步骤:获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
在一个实施例中,所述平稳区间范围为匀速区间范围,所述获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤包括:当所述第一加速度在所述匀速区间范围内时,确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度的步骤包括:获取速度调整时间间隔;根据所述当前车距与所述目标跟车距离的差值、所述前车速度与本车速度的差值、所述速度调整时间间隔计算得到第一加速度。
在一个实施例中,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,还用于执行以下步骤:若计算得到的所述第一加速度大于预设的第一阈值,则将所述第一阈值作为所述第一加速度;若计算得到的所述第一加速度小于预设的第二阈值,则将所述第二阈值作为所述第一加速度。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离的步骤包括:根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距;获取预设 的缓冲参数,根据所述本车速度和所述缓冲参数计算得到缓冲距离;根据所述最小安全车距和所述缓冲距离计算得到目标跟车距离。
在一个实施例中,所述获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤包括:当所述第一加速度不在所述平稳区间范围内时,若所述第一加速度小于所述平稳区间范围的最小端点值且所述前车速度大于本车速度时,则根据所述当前车距、最小安全车距、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度;若所述第二加速度为正向加速度,则确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距的步骤包括:根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关;根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定所述最小安全车距。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关的步骤包括:若所述本车速度小于预设速度值,则根据所述本车速度和所述预设速度值的比值确定对应的反应时间;若所述本车速度不小于预设速度值,则获取时间系数,根据所述本车速度、所述预设速度值以及所述时间系数确定对应的反应时间。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定最小安全车距的步骤包括:根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;根据所述本车速度和所述反应时间计算得到反应距离;根据所述反应距离、所述前车对应的刹车滑行距离、和本车对应的刹车滑行距离确定最小安全车距。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离的步骤包括:获取预设的本车对应的第一刹车加速度和前车对应的第二刹车加速度;根据所述本车速度和所述第一刹车加速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;根据所述前车速度和所述第二刹车加速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离。
在一个实施例中,所述获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距的步骤包括:采集本车前方的视频或图像信息,识别所述视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线;根据所述车辆与所述车道线的位置关系确定与本车对应的前车;获取雷达采集到的前车相对于本车的相对速度和前车与本车之间的当前车距;检测本车速度,根据所述本车速度和所述相对速度确定前车速度。
一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,该程序被处理器执行时实现以下步骤:获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
在一个实施例中,所述平稳区间范围为匀速区间范围,所述获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤包括:当所述第一加速度在所述匀速区间范围内时,确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度的步骤包括:获取速度调整时间间隔;根据所述当前车距与所述目标跟车距离的差值、所述前车速度与本车速度的差值、所述速度调整时间间隔计算得到第一加速度。
在一个实施例中,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,还用于执行以下步骤:若计算得到的所述第一加速度大于预设的第一阈值,则将所述第一阈值作为所述第一加速度;若计算得到的所述第一加速度小于预设的第二阈值,则将所述第二阈值作为所述第一加速度。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离的步骤包括:根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距;获取预设的缓冲参数,根据所述本车速度和所述缓冲参数计算得到缓冲距离;根据所述 最小安全车距和所述缓冲距离计算得到目标跟车距离。
在一个实施例中,所述获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤包括:当所述第一加速度不在所述平稳区间范围内时,若所述第一加速度小于所述平稳区间范围的最小端点值且所述前车速度大于本车速度时,则根据所述当前车距、最小安全车距、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度;若所述第二加速度为正向加速度,则确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距的步骤包括:根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关;根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定所述最小安全车距。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关的步骤包括:若所述本车速度小于预设速度值,则根据所述本车速度和所述预设速度值的比值确定对应的反应时间;若所述本车速度不小于预设速度值,则获取时间系数,根据所述本车速度、所述预设速度值以及所述时间系数确定对应的反应时间。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定最小安全车距的步骤包括:根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;根据所述本车速度和所述反应时间计算得到反应距离;根据所述反应距离、所述前车对应的刹车滑行距离、和本车对应的刹车滑行距离确定最小安全车距。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离的步骤包括:获取预设的本车对应的第一刹车加速度和前车对应的第二刹车加速度;根据所述本车速度和所述第一刹车加速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;根据所述前车速度和所述第二刹车加速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离。
在一个实施例中,所述获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间 的当前车距的步骤包括:采集本车前方的视频或图像信息,识别所述视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线;根据所述车辆与所述车道线的位置关系确定与本车对应的前车;获取雷达采集到的前车相对于本车的相对速度和前车与本车之间的当前车距;检测本车速度,根据所述本车速度和所述相对速度确定前车速度。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,该计算机程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,前述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory,简称为ROM)等非易失性存储介质,或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory,简称为RAM)等。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (15)
- 一种跟车速度控制方法,所述方法包括:获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述平稳区间范围为匀速区间范围,所述获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤包括:当所述第一加速度在所述匀速区间范围内时,确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度的步骤包括:获取速度调整时间间隔;根据所述当前车距与所述目标跟车距离的差值、所述前车速度与本车速度的差值、所述速度调整时间间隔计算得到第一加速度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述方法还包括:若计算得到的所述第一加速度大于预设的第一阈值,则将所述第一阈值作为所述第一加速度;若计算得到的所述第一加速度小于预设的第二阈值,则将所述第二阈值作为所述第一加速度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离的步骤包括:根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距;获取预设的缓冲参数,根据所述本车速度和所述缓冲参数计算得到缓冲距离;根据所述最小安全车距和所述缓冲距离计算得到目标跟车距离。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,所述获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度的步骤还包括:当所述第一加速度不在所述平稳区间范围内时,若所述第一加速度小于所述平稳区间范围的最小端点值且所述前车速度大于本车速度时,则根据所述当前车距、最小安全车距、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第二加速度;若所述第二加速度为正向加速度,则确定所述目标加速度为0,控制本车保持匀速行驶。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度确定最小安全车距的步骤包括:根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关;根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定所述最小安全车距。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述根据所述本车速度确定对应的反应时间,所述反应时间与所述本车速度成正相关的步骤包括:若所述本车速度小于预设速度值,则根据所述本车速度和所述预设速度值的比值确定对应的反应时间;若所述本车速度不小于预设速度值,则获取时间系数,根据所述本车速度、所述预设速度值以及所述时间系数确定对应的反应时间。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述根据所述前车速度和本车速度以及所述反应时间确定最小安全车距的步骤包括:根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;根据所述本车速度和所述反应时间计算得到反应距离;根据所述反应距离、所述前车对应的刹车滑行距离、和本车对应的刹车滑行距离确定最小安全车距。
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述根据所述前车速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离,根据所述本车速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距 离的步骤包括:获取预设的本车对应的第一刹车加速度和前车对应的第二刹车加速度;根据所述本车速度和所述第一刹车加速度计算得到本车对应的刹车滑行距离;根据所述前车速度和所述第二刹车加速度计算得到前车对应的刹车滑行距离。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距的步骤包括:采集本车前方的视频或图像信息,识别所述视频或图像信息中的车辆和车道线;根据所述车辆与所述车道线的位置关系确定与本车对应的前车;获取雷达采集到的前车与本车的相对速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距;检测本车速度,根据所述本车速度和所述相对速度确定前车速度。
- 一种跟车速度控制装置,包括一个或多个处理器,以及一个或多个存储程序单元的存储器,其中,所述程序单元由所述处理器执行,所述程序单元包括:获取模块,被设置为获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;距离计算模块,被设置为根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;加速度计算模块,被设置为根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;控制模块,被设置为获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
- 一种跟车速度控制系统,所述系统包括:传感器单元,被设置为采集本车速度、前车与本车的相对速度以及前车与本车之间的当前车距;中央处理单元,包括权利要求1-11任一所述跟车速度控制装置,被设置为根据所述跟车速度控制装置确定目标加速度,并将确定的所述目标加速度发送给控制器单元;控制器单元,被设置为根据所述目标加速度控制本车行驶速度。
- 一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器中存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现以下步骤:获取前车速度、本车速度以及所述前车与本车之间的当前车距;根据所述前车速度和本车速度计算对应的目标跟车距离;根据所述当前车距、目标跟车距离、所述前车速度和本车速度计算得到第一加速度;获取平稳区间范围,根据所述第一加速度和所述平稳区间范围确定目标加速度,根据所述目标加速度控制本车的行驶速度。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,该程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1-11任意一项所述方法的步骤。
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| CN114162122A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-03-11 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | 一种基于纵向安全的自动驾驶控制方法及车辆 |
| CN114162122B (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2023-08-08 | 宇通客车股份有限公司 | 一种基于纵向安全的自动驾驶控制方法及车辆 |
| CN113788021A (zh) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-14 | 东南大学 | 一种结合前车速度预测的自适应跟车巡航控制方法 |
| CN113928314A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-01-14 | 吉林大学 | 一种冰雪路面条件下考虑前后车的自动驾驶车辆跟驰控制方法 |
| CN113928314B (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-11-10 | 吉林大学 | 一种冰雪路面条件下考虑前后车的自动驾驶车辆跟驰控制方法 |
| CN115465273A (zh) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-13 | 上海洛轲智能科技有限公司 | 跟车状态调整方法、装置、设备及计算机存储介质 |
| CN117687415A (zh) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-03-12 | 中科华芯(东莞)科技有限公司 | 一种全地形越野车跟随方法、系统及电子设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20200001871A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
| US11124190B2 (en) | 2021-09-21 |
| EP3604066A4 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
| EP3604066A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
| CN109421711A (zh) | 2019-03-05 |
| EP3604066C0 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
| CN109421711B (zh) | 2021-07-13 |
| EP3604066B1 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
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