WO2019047501A1 - 风力发电设备、塔筒及抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法 - Google Patents

风力发电设备、塔筒及抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019047501A1
WO2019047501A1 PCT/CN2018/079415 CN2018079415W WO2019047501A1 WO 2019047501 A1 WO2019047501 A1 WO 2019047501A1 CN 2018079415 W CN2018079415 W CN 2018079415W WO 2019047501 A1 WO2019047501 A1 WO 2019047501A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tower
suction
hole
flow
wind
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/079415
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马盛骏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Goldwind Science and Creation Windpower Equipment Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Goldwind Science and Creation Windpower Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beijing Goldwind Science and Creation Windpower Equipment Co Ltd filed Critical Beijing Goldwind Science and Creation Windpower Equipment Co Ltd
Priority to ES18788657T priority Critical patent/ES2981735T3/es
Priority to US16/094,880 priority patent/US11415107B2/en
Priority to EP18788657.7A priority patent/EP3477100B1/en
Priority to AU2018250454A priority patent/AU2018250454B2/en
Publication of WO2019047501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019047501A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/10—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material
    • F15D1/12—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material by influencing the boundary layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
    • F16F15/027—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means comprising control arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
    • E04H12/342—Arrangements for stacking tower sections on top of each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/12—Fluid damping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/18—Control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/36—Holes, slots or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of tower tubes, in particular to a wind power generation device, a tower tube and a method for suppressing tower tower tower shadow effect.
  • Figure 1-1 shows the structure of wind power equipment.
  • the foundation of the wind power generation equipment is the tower 10, which plays a role of supporting the whole machine and plays a supporting role.
  • the tower 10 may be a steel cylinder or a steel cylinder and A combination of concrete towers.
  • the tower 10 carries a nacelle 30 of a wind power plant, a generator, and an impeller 20.
  • the task of obtaining wind energy and converting it into electrical energy is accomplished by the impeller 20 and the generator.
  • the converted electrical energy is transmitted through the power transmission cable 40 or the power transmission mother tube.
  • the power transmission cable 40 shown in the figure is taken out from the nacelle 30 and then limited by the cable retaining ring at the top of the tower 10, and the cable retaining ring is fixed to the cable retaining ring.
  • the fixed plate 50 is then suspended along the inner wall of the tower 100 through the saddle face bracket 60 to the converter cabinet 70.
  • a tower door 80 is also provided at the lower end of the tower 10.
  • the converted electric energy is controlled by the switchgear of the wind turbine, and is transported to the converter (in the converter cabinet 70) for completing the electric power conversion task by means of the power transmission cable 40 or the power transmission main pipe wire, and then passed through the converter. After processing, the electrical energy required to meet the grid connection rules can be obtained. Therefore, the tower 10 of the wind power generation equipment can be said to be a tower of wind power generation, and mainly plays a supporting role in the wind turbine equipment.
  • the tower 10 carries the structural wind load generated by the nacelle 30, the impeller 20, the generator or the downwind vibration and the crosswind direction vibration caused by the wind, that is, the wind-induced structural vibration problem.
  • the joint between the root of the impeller 20 and the pitch bearing is prone to fatigue damage, and the impeller 20 generates ecological noise during the rotation.
  • Figure 1-2 is a schematic diagram of the tower section hoisting.
  • the tower 10 is currently installed in sections, as shown in FIG. 1-2.
  • the first tower section 11 is first installed on the foundation foundation 90 of the tower 10, and then the other tower sections are hoisted one by one, after being connected to each other, the top of the tower 10 (Fig. 1 -
  • the fifth tower section 15) of 2 is connected to the yaw system of the nacelle 30, the nacelle 30 is docked with the generator, and the generator (or gearbox) is then docked with the impeller 20.
  • the base ring of the foundation foundation 90 connected to the first tower section 11 is cleaned, and the threads of the plurality of bolts (such as 120) are smeared and placed at the inner ring of the base ring, and the wind power is generated at the same time.
  • the equipped control cabinet is hoisted into the base ring;
  • the bolt is threaded from the bottom to the top, and the nut is tightened with an electric wrench, and at least the nut is tightened three times (after the completion of the lifting process of the entire wind power generation equipment) Then, use a torque wrench to tighten the tower connecting nut to the required torque value);
  • the remaining tower section is the same as the hoisting process of the first tower section 11. After the uppermost tower section is hoisted, the hoisting cabin is prepared.
  • the above-mentioned docking and connection installation processes are carried out under the condition that the local wind in the small-area environment of the wind farm is unpredictable. Therefore, during the hoisting installation process, gusts or constant small winds of varying sizes are often encountered, and as mentioned above, these gusts or continuous winds may induce vibrations to the tower, destroy the stability of the tower, and endanger the personnel and equipment on site. Safety, postponing the installation schedule. For example, after the fourth tower section 14 is hoisted, the fourth tower section 14 is vibrated, causing the fifth tower section 15 to be out of alignment; even the bolts that are tightened may break under shock, thereby jeopardizing safety.
  • the safety requirements for the hoisting process of the wind power industry clearly stipulate that the hoisting of the blade group is prohibited when the wind speed is greater than 6 m/s; the hoisting of the engine room is strictly prohibited when the wind speed is greater than 8 m/s; the hoisting of the tower is strictly prohibited when the wind speed is greater than 10 m/s. It can be seen that the on-site lifting schedule and installation schedule are obviously limited by the local wind conditions. For the construction of high-altitude and high-altitude wind farms, the construction period is more susceptible.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tower tube having a certain vibration suppression function in the prior art
  • FIG. 3-1 to FIG. 3-6 are cylindrical vortex shedding (flow around the body) and Renault respectively.
  • the relationship diagram of the six intervals, the six intervals of the Reynolds number (Re) are from Fig. 3-1 to Fig. 3-6, respectively, Re ⁇ 5, 5 ⁇ Re ⁇ 15, 40 ⁇ Re ⁇ 150, 150 ⁇ Re ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 5 , 3 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ Re ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 6 , Re > 3 ⁇ 10 6 .
  • the structure is divided into a bluff body and a streamline such as a wing or sail of an aircraft.
  • the cylinder wake is mainly characterized by turbulent wake after separation.
  • the vortex shedding starts irregularly.
  • the period of vortex frequency can be roughly determined, but vortex
  • the interference force will no longer be symmetrical, but random.
  • the wake behind the cylinder is very disordered, but it shows a regular vortex shedding.
  • the vortex frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the tower and its basic vibration system of the structural system. It can be satisfied at a certain wind speed, but the tower with natural frequency and its basic vibration system will produce some feedback on the vortex shedding.
  • the effect is that the frequency of the vortex is "captured" by the vibration frequency of the tower and its basic vibration system within a certain wind speed range, so that it does not change with the change of the wind speed within this wind speed range. This phenomenon is called For locking, the lock will expand the range of wind speeds at which the tower structure is subject to vortex resonance.
  • the tower height of modern large-scale MW-class wind turbines can reach 60-100m.
  • the top of tower 10 is equipped with main components such as main frame, sub-frame, hub and blades (ie impeller 20).
  • main components such as main frame, sub-frame, hub and blades (ie impeller 20).
  • impeller 20 When the wind turbine is running, the load received by the tower 10 is affected by the natural wind, in addition to the gravity generated by the top part and the dynamic load generated by the rotation of the wind wheel, including the windward direction and the crosswind direction.
  • the impeller When the wind blows the impeller, it generates bending moments and forces to the tower. This bending moment and force generated by the downwind direction is the main cause of the tower 10 being damaged.
  • the eddy current generated when the wind bypasses the tower 10 also causes lateral vibration that causes the tower 10 to undergo resonance damage.
  • the right and left sides of the wake produce pairs of oppositely-arranged and oppositely-rotating anti-symmetric vortices, namely the Karman vortex.
  • the vortex exits the tower 10 at a certain frequency, causing the tower 10 to vibrate laterally perpendicular to the wind direction, also referred to as wind induced lateral vibration, ie, vortex induced vibration.
  • wind induced lateral vibration ie, vortex induced vibration.
  • a spiral 10a (or a spiral plate) is wound around the outer wall of the tower 10 for suppressing vortex shedding occurring on the surface of the tower 10.
  • the spiral 10a (or spiral plate) has different lateral oscillation suppression effects when arranged at different pitches; the height increase of the spiral 10a is beneficial to destroy the vortex release period, and the vortex generation and distribution are more irregular, which is favorable for suppressing the vortex Vibration, while the noise, the resistance generated before and after the tower is gradually increased, and the amplitude of the pitch vibration along the wind direction will increase.
  • the wind speed of the air flow will change. If the characteristic parameters (pitch, height) of the spiral 10a (or the spiral plate) are processed to change according to the wind speed of the air flow, the corresponding manufacturing cost and maintenance cost will increase greatly;
  • the coverage of the spiral 10a (or spiral plate) on the surface of the tower affects the lateral oscillation suppression effect.
  • the coverage reaches (or exceeds) 50%, the effect of suppressing lateral vibration is optimal, but at this time the spiral 10a (or The severe effects of wind-induced noise from airborne currents on natural environment organisms are not permitted by ecological regulations;
  • the present invention provides a tower and a method for suppressing the tower tower shadow effect, which can improve the operation or installation of the wind power generation equipment.
  • the tower provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a suction through hole extending through the inner and outer sides of the peripheral wall thereof, the suction through hole is distributed along the circumferential direction of the tower; the tower is also provided with suction The device, the suction device is capable of suctioning the suction through hole from the outside to the inside.
  • the embodiment further provides a method for suppressing the tower tower shadow effect, wherein a suction through hole penetrating the inner and outer sides of the peripheral wall is provided along the circumferential direction of the tower; and the suction through hole is suctioned from the outside to the inside.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a wind power generation apparatus comprising a tower and a nacelle, a generator, and an impeller at a top of the tower, the tower being the tower of any of the above.
  • the tower and method provided by the above embodiments can attenuate or eliminate the adverse effects of the tower shadow effect when the suction through hole of the windward side is sucked, prolong the life of the pitch bearing, reduce noise, and improve the wind energy utilization coefficient.
  • the suction through hole in the direction of the flow-off body is sucked, the vortex-induced vibration can be suppressed, and it is apparent that the suction through-hole is suctioned to adsorb, compared to the spiral mode mentioned in the background art.
  • the boundary layer method directly suppresses or prevents the cause of vortex-induced vibration, and has better vibration suppression effect.
  • the suction force can be adjusted at any time according to the vibration state during suction, which has higher flexibility and does not need to be paid.
  • the suction of the suction through hole obviously can greatly reduce the noise and meet the requirements of ecological regulations;
  • the suction method can always exert its inhibitory effect on the vortex-induced vibration regardless of whether the unit is hoisted or operated.
  • the suctioned airflow When the suctioned airflow is discharged to the inside, it can also function as heat exchange cooling, blocking external rain and sand, and the like into the shroud or the hub.
  • Figure 1-1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of wind power generation equipment
  • Figure 1-2 is a schematic view of the tower section hoisting
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tower having a certain vibration suppression function
  • Figures 3-1 to 3-6 are schematic diagrams showing the relationship between cylindrical vortex shedding (flow around the body) and Reynolds number;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view showing a specific embodiment of a tower having a function of suppressing vortex-induced vibration according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic exploded view of the upper portion of the tower provided with the suction through hole in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the tower tower shadow effect
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the tower shadow effect produced by the tower
  • Figure 8 is a top plan view of the top of the tower of Figure 4, showing the divided suction chamber
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the pressure sensing element provided in the pressure sensitive passage of Figure 5;
  • Figure 10 is a side view of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged view of the pressure sensing element provided in Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the Storocha number of the outer surface of the tower and the Reynolds number
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the temperature sensing element in the temperature sensing channel of Figure 9;
  • Figure 14 is a graph showing the variation of the Nusselt number Nu and the angle of the partial surface of the tower under three Reynolds numbers Re when the air stream is swept away from the tower;
  • Figure 15 is a control block diagram of the suction of the suction chamber of Figure 4.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing a vibration monitoring device inside the tower
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the comparison of the length of the suction through hole and the length of the blade in Figure 4;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view of the flow path of the exhaust gas stream of Figure 4 after it has risen to the top of the tower.
  • 100 tower 100a suction through hole, 100b temperature sensing channel, 100c pressure sensing channel;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a tower provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic exploded view of the upper portion of the tower provided with a suction through hole in FIG. Open the strip to facilitate the indication.
  • the tower 100 is disposed above the tower foundation 600, and the top of the tower 100 is equipped with components such as a nacelle 200, a generator 300, an impeller 400, and the like.
  • a plurality of suction through holes 100a penetrating through the inner and outer walls of the tower 100 are provided, and a plurality of suction through holes 100a are distributed along the circumferential direction of the tower 100. That is, it is distributed around the tower 100.
  • a suction device is provided which is capable of suctioning the suction through hole 100a from the outside to the inside.
  • the suction device can be placed inside the tower 100, of course, it can also be placed Externally.
  • the suction through hole 100a is suctioned, since the suction through hole 100a penetrates the peripheral wall of the tower 100, the airflow at the outer surface of the tower 100 can be sucked.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tower tower shadow effect
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a tower shadow effect generated by a tower tube, and the lower part of the figure shows a dynamic change diagram when the blade 400a rotates clockwise, and the blade 400a is in three The position, in turn, forms a tapered flow path R1, a throat portion R2, and a diffusing flow path R3 as shown in the drawing with the outer surface of the tower 100.
  • the blade 400a of the impeller 400 During the rotation of the blade 400a of the impeller 400, a "tower effect" occurs when passing through the tower 100.
  • the inventors observed and measured that the upwind flow (multiphase flow) was driven away by the blade 400a in a rotating state.
  • the blade 400a forms a tapered flow passage R1 structure with a compressed air flow before the tower 100 is directly in front of the tower 100; the narrowest flow passage is formed when passing through the front of the tower 100, that is, the throat shown in FIG. Part R2; the vane 400a is disposed directly in front of the tower 100 to form a diffuser flow passage R3.
  • the blade 400a forms a variable cross-section fluid transport flow path in the field of engineering thermodynamics and engineering fluid dynamics before and after passing through the tower 100, that is, a zoom flow path (similar to a zoom nozzle structure), as shown in FIG. space.
  • the airflow produces noise and thermodynamic irreversible energy losses during the flow of the scaled flow path.
  • the process of compressing the upwind flow consumes the torque of the impeller 400, and periodically generates braking torque while generating ecologically damaging noise (the energy of the noise is also from the energy carried by the upwind flow).
  • the pulsation is reduced as the corresponding blade 400a passes in front of the tower 100, and the pulsation is reduced along the wind direction.
  • the blade 400a is transmitted to the blade root to cause pulsating load fatigue damage to the pitch bearing. This is the reason why the inventors discovered the problems caused by the background art, which have long existed in the field of wind power.
  • the tower 100 is provided with a suction through hole 100a penetrating the peripheral wall thereof, and when the suction through hole 100a is sucked, when the blade 400a passes, the position of the tower 100 corresponding to the scaled flow path is due to The suction effect weakens the blocking effect of the tower 100.
  • the rear of the blade 400a is similar to the infinite space when the blade 400a is rotated upward, that is, the outer wall of the tower 100 is practically impossible. Then, a zoom channel is formed with the blade 100a.
  • the present scheme actually suppresses or eliminates the compression process (or compression work) when the airflow bypasses the tower 100, and at the same time increases the torque and the wheel power generated when the blade 400a passes in front of the tower 100, thereby improving
  • the blade 400a converts the wind energy into a wind energy utilization coefficient of the rotary mechanical energy, and also reduces the pulsation of the blade 400a in the wind direction, and reduces the pulsation fatigue load on the pitch bearing.
  • thermodynamic dissipation analysis and thermodynamic absorption utilization ie, irreversible dissipative process of converting compression, friction, energy into noise
  • thermodynamic absorption utilization ie, irreversible dissipative process of converting compression, friction, energy into noise
  • an angle measuring sensor is disposed on the bottom of the tower 100 or on the tower base 600, and three angle measuring sensors A, B, and C are shown, and the tip of the blade 400a can emit the laser 400b, and the angle is measured.
  • Sensors A, B, C can sense the laser 400b to know if the blade 400a is entering the zoom space. In this way, the time at which the wind direction on the upstream surface of the tower 100 flows into the compressed state can be obtained, and in order to eliminate the compression phenomenon, the suction through hole 100a of the upstream surface of the tower 100 is opened. That is, the angle measuring sensor helps determine the timing at which the suction through hole 100a is sucked to eliminate the tower shadow effect, thereby effectively saving energy.
  • the outer casing 701 is also provided in the tower 100, and the outer surface of the outer casing 701 and the tower 100 provided with the suction through hole 100a Form a closed suction chamber.
  • the suction through hole 100a is provided in the upper portion of the tower 100, and accordingly, the outer casing 701 cooperates with the upper inner surface of the tower 100 to form an annular closed suction chamber.
  • the suction device suctions the suction cavity to effect suction from the outer to the inner side of the suction through hole 100a.
  • the closed suction chamber is provided, and the suction device can suck all the suction through holes 100a in the circumferential direction of the tower 100 as long as the annular suction chamber is sucked, and the suction is easier to realize.
  • the suction device may have a plurality of suction ports 500a that cooperate with the suction through holes 100a, or one suction port 500a corresponding to the suction through holes 100a in a certain area. Wait.
  • An air filtering section 703 may be provided between the suction chamber and the suction port 500a of the suction device. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, an annular air filter section 703 is provided at the bottom of the suction chamber, and the suction port 500a of the suction device is disposed below the annular air filter section 703, that is, at the bottom of the outer casing 701. .
  • the air suction device sucks the external airflow inwardly, and the external airflow may carry sand dust, rain water, etc., and the air filter segment 703 can filter the airflow sucked in, so as not to damage the suction device, when the suction airflow is directed
  • the cleanliness of the exhaust airflow can be improved, and the internal air can be prevented from being polluted, which is disadvantageous to the worker's operation or damage to the internal components of the tower 100.
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the top of the tower 100 of FIG. 4, showing the split suction chamber 704.
  • the suction chamber is provided with a plurality of partitions 702 that divide the suction chamber into a plurality of circumferentially distributed suction chambers 704.
  • the suction chamber is equally divided into eight suction chambers 704 through the partition plate 702 in the circumferential direction, and the upwind direction flows to the west, and the windward surface corresponds to the suction chambers numbered 1, 8 Room 704.
  • the suction device draws the suction chambers 704 of the serial numbers 1, 8 and the remaining suction chambers 704 may not be aspirated.
  • a plurality of suction chambers 704 are provided in Fig. 7, and the suction through holes 100a are shown on the windward side (the south side is just south, and the direction in which the blades 400a are located), and the remaining positions are not shown.
  • the windward side can be determined according to the wind direction.
  • a wind direction sensor may be provided to determine the number of the windward side and the corresponding suction chamber 704 based on the detected wind direction.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the pressure sensitive element 804 in the pressure sensitive passage 100c of the peripheral wall of the tower 100;
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the pressure sensitive element 804 provided in FIG.
  • the tower 100 may also be provided with a plurality of pressure sensitive elements 804 distributed along its circumferential direction for detecting the pressure at the outer surface of the tower 100.
  • the tower shadow effect may cause pressure fluctuations, so according to the pressure detected by the pressure sensitive element 804, The orientation of the pressure fluctuation is obtained, which is the position of the upstream surface of the tower 100.
  • the pressure sensitive element 804 can output the detected pressure signal to the controller, the controller determines the orientation of the upstream surface, and then controls the suction device to suction the suction chamber 704 corresponding to the upstream surface.
  • a pressure sensitive passage 100c may be disposed on the peripheral wall of the tower 100.
  • the pressure sensitive passage 100c also penetrates the peripheral wall of the tower 100, and the pressure sensitive element 804 is adjacent to the outer end of the outer surface of the tower 100 (the right end in FIG. 10).
  • the pressure of the airflow at the outer surface of the tower 100 is sensed; the pressure sensitive element 804 is near the inner end of the inner surface of the tower 100 (the left end in FIG. 10), is the lead end 804a, and can output a signal to the controller.
  • the pressure sensitive element 804 is also It can be a wireless output signal.
  • the pressure sensing element 804 detects the pressure of the airflow on the outer surface of the tower 100 and facilitates the transmission of signals.
  • the pressure sensing channel 100c can also provide a certain protection for the pressure sensing element 804.
  • the pressure sensitive element 804 and the wind direction sensor can be mutually verified and redundant with each other.
  • the positions of the upstream faces determined by the two are different, it is obvious that a sensor failure occurs, and the upstream surface can be determined according to the finally determined sensor that has not failed.
  • the suction through hole 100a provided above can suppress the vortex induced vibration in addition to the suction to weaken or eliminate the adverse effect of the tower shadow effect.
  • the boundary layer when the upwind flows around the flow tower 100, the boundary layer will form a periodic vortex shedding on both sides of the tower 100, that is, the phenomenon of the flow around the body, which is also the cause of the induced vortex induced vibration.
  • the boundary layer can be "adsorbed" on the outer surface of the tower 100 by sucking from the plurality of suction through holes 100a, thereby suppressing or directly preventing the boundary layer from separating the outer surface of the tower 100, thereby reducing or The cause of the vortex-induced vibration is eliminated, and the purpose of suppressing the vortex-induced vibration is achieved.
  • the suction through holes 100a are distributed in the circumferential direction, and the corresponding suction through holes 100a are available for suction regardless of the wind direction of the upwind direction.
  • ⁇ (Re, St) is the frequency at which the vortex shedding, and ⁇ t as a whole is a variable; It is a Reynolds number and is a dimensionless number.
  • ⁇ is the wind flow density on the tower 100
  • U is the wind speed of the tower 100 on the wind direction
  • C is the aerodynamic coefficient of the structural section of the tower 100;
  • the aerodynamic coefficient is also called the wind carrier type coefficient, which is the ratio of the pressure (or suction) formed by the wind on the surface of the engineering structure to the theoretical wind pressure calculated according to the flow velocity. It reflects the distribution of stable wind pressure on the engineering structure and the surface of the building, and varies with the shape, dimensions, shielding conditions and airflow direction of the building;
  • D and d which are characteristic scales of the spatial structure formed by the obstacle facing the fluid when the fluid passes through the obstacle and around the obstacle, are general terms in the field of heat transfer.
  • it refers to the characteristic dimension of the enclosing structure (here, the outer surface shape of the tower) and the fluid contact surface (here, the air flow), and generally takes the width of the structure perpendicular to the wind direction, and the tower 100 is at the corresponding height.
  • Outer diameter That is, the outer diameter of the tower 100 at the height of the distribution passage of the suction through hole 100a.
  • ⁇ is the viscosity coefficient of the upwind flow.
  • the lateral amplitude variation of the tower 100 structure caused by the vortex force is:
  • K is the stiffness of the tower 100 structural system (which may include the nacelle 200);
  • ⁇ is the logarithmic decay rate (about 0.05).
  • the structure of the tower 100 may undergo vortex-induced resonance, and the amplitude of the vibration at this time is:
  • the vortex-induced resonance amplitude can be reduced by the increase of the damping, such as reducing the aerodynamic coefficient C and reducing the upstream wind flow density ⁇ .
  • the Strouhal number the definition of the Storocha number describes the relationship between the vortex shedding frequency, the wind speed, and the diameter of the cylinder.
  • f is the vortex frequency, Hz
  • U is the wind speed of the tower 100 on the wind direction
  • D is the outer diameter of the tower 100 at the average height of the section of the suction through hole 100a.
  • D in this embodiment refers to the outer diameter of the tower 100 at different heights.
  • the path will change.
  • the path around the periphery of the tower 100 forms an approximately elliptical shape, as described above for the aerodynamic shape.
  • D is the equivalent diameter of the aeroelastic ellipse (heat transfer terminology, which is the diameter of an imaginary circular cross section, that is, the diameter of a non-circular cross section converted into a circular cross section according to the circumference).
  • heat transfer terminology which is the diameter of an imaginary circular cross section, that is, the diameter of a non-circular cross section converted into a circular cross section according to the circumference.
  • the Storocha number can be obtained according to the Reynolds number.
  • the relationship with the Reynolds number can refer to Figure 12.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the Storocha number and the Reynolds number on the outer surface of the tower.
  • the horizontal axis is the Reynolds number and the vertical axis is the Toroha number.
  • the Storocha number is a constant of 0.20.
  • the Storocha number jumps to 0.30 first, then increases to 0.43, and then when the Reynolds number is equal to 2 ⁇ 10.
  • the Stoloha number, D, and U are all available parameters, and f can also be calculated according to the formula of the Stollha number. Accordingly, the amplitude A can also be calculated.
  • the tower 100 When the upwind flows around the flow tower 100, the tower 100 is provided with a position for sucking the through hole 100a based on the suction action, and the boundary layer airflow of the outer surface of the tower 100 is sucked into the tower 100 to maintain The boundary layer is in a laminar flow state, avoiding the boundary layer turning, so as to reduce the surface friction, so that the air flow flows to the outer surface of the tower 100, and the suction through hole 100a and the outer surface of the tower 100 smoothly transition, resulting in a relative tower
  • the aerodynamic coefficient (C) of the flow around 100 becomes small, and according to the formula (3), the vortex-induced resonance amplitude (A) can be reduced, and the vortex-induced vibration can be suppressed.
  • the outer casing 701 may be provided to form an annular suction chamber with the inner surface of the tower 100 for suction.
  • the flow around the body is the formation of the Karman vortex street, which causes an important cause of the vortex-induced vibration, so that only the suction chamber 704 that sucks the flow-out direction can weaken or prevent the boundary layer from being detached.
  • the occurrence of the Karman vortex street is suppressed, thereby suppressing or directly blocking the vortex-induced vibration.
  • it is obviously only for the way of pumping around the flow direction, which is more targeted and can save energy, that is, to go upwind (more Directional absorption of phase flow).
  • suction surface suction is also performed to weaken or eliminate the tower shadow effect, it is apparent that suction is required for both the flow-off surface and the flow-off direction on both sides of the upstream surface.
  • Fig. 8 when the upwind flows around the flow tower 100, a flow around the tower 100 is generated.
  • the upwind flow is the west, and the tower 100 is behind the tower 100, which is located substantially north of the north.
  • the position of the east-south east (the direction from the tower 100 facing the windward direction, the counterclockwise or the instantaneous needle 110-130 degree angle), corresponding to the suction chamber of the serial number 3, 6 shown in Fig. 8. Room 704.
  • the suction device suctions the suction chamber 704 corresponding to the direction of the outflow, and for Figure 8, it is substantially the two suction chambers 704 of the serial numbers 3, 6. Therefore, it is preferable to simultaneously suction the four suction chambers 704 having the numbers 1, 8, 3, and 6. In this way, both the adverse effects of the tower shadow effect are weakened or eliminated, and the vortex-induced vibration can be suppressed or eliminated.
  • the suction device may have a plurality of suction ports 500a respectively corresponding to the plurality of suction chambers 704, and an on-off valve is provided between the suction port 500a and the corresponding suction chamber 704;
  • the on-off valve can be an electric control valve 505.
  • the controller can be set at the same time, and the controller can obtain the direction of the flow-off body and the direction of the flow surface, thereby controlling the electronic control corresponding to the direction of the flow-off body and the surface of the flow.
  • the valve 505 is closed and the other electronically controlled valves 505 are controlled to be opened and closed for automatic control.
  • manual control is also possible as a redundancy or alternative to electrical control.
  • Each suction chamber 704 corresponds to a suction port 500a, and has a one-to-one correspondence, and the suction force of the suction device can be more ensured.
  • the corresponding on-off valve is provided, only one set of suction device is needed.
  • each suction chamber 704 it is also possible for each suction chamber 704 to correspond to a set of suction devices, but it is clear that a combination of a suction device and an on-off valve has a lower cost advantage.
  • the suction manifold 504 may also be provided.
  • the suction device specifically implements the suction function is the aspirator 501, pumping After the airflow in the suction chamber 704 passes through the suction port 500a, it is merged into the air extractor 501 through the suction manifold 504, facilitating the connection of the plurality of suction ports 500a and the air extractor 501, and also simplifying the pumping equipment. Suction line.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the temperature sensing element in the temperature sensing channel of FIG. 9 .
  • the tower 100 may also be provided with a plurality of temperature sensing elements 802 distributed along its circumferential direction for detecting the temperature of the boundary layer airflow at the outer surface of the tower 100 to obtain a flow around the body. Orientation. It can be seen from the above phenomenon that the flow around the body is out of the flow, the countercurrent flow occurs in the boundary layer, and a vortex is formed, so that the flow of the normal boundary layer is destroyed, and the heat transfer coefficient at the position is also the highest, so the temperature is also relatively low. By detecting the temperature of the entire circumferential direction of the tower 100, the relatively low temperature position is the direction of the flow around the body.
  • a direction of the flow around the body can be determined according to the direction of the flow around the body and the direction of the upward wind flow. Specifically, it means that the upwind flow and the windward surface of the tower 100 form a stagnation point (the airflow stagnation point is a line from the top to the bottom of the tower 100), and the stagnation point and the tower 100 are winded on both sides of the wind direction.
  • the flow-out body orientation forms an isosceles triangle at the horizontal plane, so that another flow-off body orientation is obtained by means of an isosceles triangle relationship.
  • the temperature at the suction chamber 704 corresponding to the serial number 3 is low, and the temperature of the suction chamber 704 corresponding to the serial number 8 is actually high, which can be based on the serial number.
  • 3 corresponding suction chamber 704 determines the direction of the flow around the body, and then determines the direction of the flow around the other side from the position of the upwind to the flow, that is, the same angle of counterclockwise to obtain the direction of the flow around the body Located at the suction chamber 704 corresponding to the serial number 6.
  • the temperature sensing element 802 can output the detected temperature signal to the controller, the controller determines the direction of the flow around the body, and then controls the suction device to draw the corresponding suction chamber 704.
  • a temperature sensing passage 100b may be disposed on the peripheral wall of the tower 100, and the temperature sensing passage 100b also penetrates the peripheral wall of the tower 100, and the temperature sensing element 802 is adjacent to the outer end of the outer surface of the tower 100 (the right end in FIG. 13).
  • the temperature of the boundary layer at the outer surface of the tower 100 is sensed; the temperature sensing element 802 is near the inner end of the inner surface of the tower 100 (the left end in FIG. 13), is the lead end 802a, and can output a signal to the controller.
  • the temperature sensing element 802 It can also be a wireless output signal.
  • the temperature sensing element 802 can detect the temperature of the boundary layer airflow on the outer surface of the tower 100, and facilitate the transmission of the signal.
  • the temperature sensing channel 100b can also provide a certain protection for the temperature sensing element 802. It can be understood that, based on the heat transfer, the outer surface heat exchange coefficient is high, the temperature is low, and the corresponding inner surface temperature is also low. Therefore, it is also possible that the temperature sensing element 802 is disposed inside the tower 100 to detect the inner surface temperature of the tower 100. . Of course, in comparison, the temperature sensing element 802 detects the boundary layer temperature of the outer surface to determine the most accurate direction of the flow around the body.
  • a heat insulating layer 801 may be disposed between the temperature sensing element 802 and the inner wall of the temperature sensing channel 100b to avoid being affected by the peripheral wall of the tower 100.
  • the temperature disturbance itself, only the temperature of the outer surface of the tower 100 is measured.
  • the temperature sensing element 802 and the outer port of the temperature sensing channel 100b may have a predetermined distance, and the predetermined distance may be selected to be 15-25 mm, that is, the temperature is retracted within the temperature sensing channel 100b to make it accurately sense the boundary temperature of the outer surface. It is not affected by the radiation from the sun.
  • the inner diameter of the temperature sensing passage 100b can be selected to be 9-11 mm.
  • the measurement of the dry temperature sensing element 502 is avoided.
  • an umbrella-like or mushroom-shaped covering object can be disposed at the outer port position of the temperature sensing passage 100b.
  • the above provides a way to obtain the direction of the flow around the body according to the temperature detection.
  • the direction of the flow around the body can also be obtained by the following method.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing the variation of the Nusselt number Nu of the partial surface of the tower under the three Reynolds number Re when the air stream is swept away from the tower.
  • the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor and the temperature sensor can be set (according to the physical quantity involved in the Reynolds number), the air flow temperature is measured to correct the viscosity coefficient of the air flow, the air flow density is corrected, the Reynolds number is obtained, and the reciprocating azimuth is obtained by the Reynolds number.
  • the ordinate is Nusselt number Nu, dimensionless number, which indirectly reflects the surface heat transfer coefficient.
  • the horizontal axis is the angle from the upwind direction to the tower wall contact surface normal vector clockwise to the right is defined as ⁇ / ( °), the three consecutive curves in the figure gradually increase from the bottom to the upper Reynolds number Re, the three peaks are about 110-125 °, and the corresponding increase is also increasing.
  • the angle corresponding to the three "peaks” corresponds to the azimuth of the reverse flow gradient backflow, which has the highest heat exchange rate between the air flow and the outer wall of the tower.
  • Figure 15 is a control block diagram for pumping the suction chamber of Figure 4;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view of the vibration monitoring device 803 disposed inside the tower 100.
  • the method for determining the direction of the flow around the body can be performed simultaneously, thereby performing mutual verification and mutual redundancy. Under normal circumstances, the two directions of the flow around the body should be the same or substantially the same. If the deviation is large, the temperature sensing element 802 may be faulty, or the wind direction and the wind speed sensor may be faulty. When the faulty sensor is further determined, the actual bypass flow is determined according to the detection data of the fault sensor not generated. Orientation.
  • the temperature signal of the temperature sensing element 802 in FIG. 15 is compared by the temperature sensing signal comparator. Obtaining the range of the flow around the body, obviously, it can also be judged after the controller receives the data, or the temperature signal comparator can be a unit module of the controller.
  • the two directions of the face-to-face orientation can also be simultaneously performed, and the controller determines the actual heading surface position according to the wind direction detected by the wind direction sensor and the pressure fluctuation detected by the pressure sensitive element 804. .
  • the controller According to the determined actual flow direction and the surface of the flow surface, the controller outputs a control signal, controls the air extractor 501 in the suction device to open, and closes the pumping corresponding to the flow direction and the flow surface.
  • the electrically controlled valve 505 of the suction chamber 704 is closed for suction, while the electronically controlled valve 505 of the other suction chamber 704 is closed and closed.
  • the opening number is 1, 3, 6, and 8.
  • the electric control valve 505 corresponding to the suction chamber 704 closes the electric control valve 505 of the suction chamber 704 corresponding to 2, 4, 5, and 7.
  • a vibration monitoring device 803 may be provided inside the tower 100 to detect the vibration of the tower 100 and output a vibration data signal (vibration amplitude, frequency, etc.) to the controller.
  • the vibration monitoring device 803 may be provided on the inner surface of the tower 100, or may be, for example, inside the peripheral wall of the tower 100 or at other positions, and is easily disposed on the inner surface.
  • the controller adjusts the air extractor 501 according to the feedback of the vibration monitoring device 803.
  • the frequency and voltage of the motor that drives the air extractor 501 can be controlled to change the motor.
  • the pressure and frequency conversion speed regulation realize the adjustment of the pumping flow of the air extractor 501.
  • the power of the air extractor 501 is adjusted. For example, when the vibration is strong, the pumping flow rate can be increased, and when the vibration is reduced, the pumping flow rate can be reduced.
  • the distribution density of the suction through hole 100a and the aperture of the suction through hole 100a itself also affect the effect of the pumping (the outer surface of the suction through hole 100a can smoothly transition into the hole), and the power of the air extractor 501 Adjustable, the setting of the suction through hole 100a is more flexible.
  • the suction through holes 100a may be aligned along the circumference of the tower 100 and may be arranged in a fork.
  • the vibration state information obtained by the vibration monitoring device 803 can be transmitted to the ground infinitely, so that the on-site commander can grasp and Carry out safe lifting crane operation.
  • the pressure signal detected can also assist in determining the change in the tower shadow effect after pumping.
  • the pressure fluctuation becomes smaller or disappears, the suction effect is obviously achieved; if the pressure still has large fluctuations, the pumping flow rate can be adjusted accordingly until the pressure fluctuation is significantly reduced or disappeared.
  • the rotational speed of the impeller 400, the current wind speed (detectable by the wind speed sensor), and the opening frequency of the electric control valve 505 the opening frequency is determined by the direction of the upward wind direction
  • the opening degree the opening degree is affected by the upward direction
  • the change in the magnitude of the wind speed determines that the wind speed is greater and the opening degree is greater, and the controller can control accordingly.
  • the controller can adjust the opening degrees of the air extractor 501 and the electric control valve 505 according to the signals of the pressure sensitive element 804 and the vibration monitoring device 803.
  • the upward wind flows into the flow tower 100 and is divided into different passages, one is a passage having the suction through hole 100a, and the Reynolds number is artificially increased greatly.
  • the upwind flow is accelerated at such a passage, and it is close to the outer surface of the tower 100, and no boundary layer separation and vortex phenomenon occur, which hinders the formation of vortex on the upper rear side of the tower 100;
  • the section of the tower 100 of the hole 100a has no suction assistance, the Reynolds number is not changed, and the flow velocity is low.
  • the manner in which the partial height section is provided with the suction through hole 100a completely disturbs the situation in which the frequency of the upper vortex shedding and the lower vortex shedding of the tower 100 in the prior art is uniform, thereby weakening their mutual action.
  • the vortex-induced resonance response of the outer boundary layer of the tower 100 is reduced or prevented, and the vortex-induced vibration of the upper portion of the tower 100 is suppressed or directly prevented.
  • Correlation is an important feature of the pulsating wind, where it is related to the pulsating wind speed at two points in space or the pulsating pressure at two points on the surface of the tower 100 at different heights.
  • the correlation coefficient ⁇ is defined as
  • the covariance is the time average of the product of the pulsating wind speed at two altitudes.
  • Each wind speed value on the right side of the equation is subtracted from the respective average with
  • u(t) is the turbulent component of the downwind direction, that is, the pulsating wind speed component in the direction of the average wind speed.
  • the numerator indicates that the tower 100 has different wind speeds at two different heights, and the covariance of the pulsating wind speed.
  • the covariance is the time average of the product of the pulsating wind speed at two altitudes.
  • the overall intensity of turbulence can be measured by the standard deviation of the wind speed or the root mean square.
  • the average component is subtracted from the wind speed, and then the remainder is quantified by the deviation. After the square is deviated, the average is averaged, and finally, the wind speed unit is obtained. Physical quantity, standard deviation is obtained.
  • the correlation coefficient is defined by the correlation coefficient.
  • the covariance of the wind speed at different heights is divided by the standard deviation to obtain the correlation coefficient between the two wind speeds at different heights. The smaller the correlation, the better, hindering the frequency of the vortex at different heights after the vortex is formed, breaking the frequency. Consistency aggregates and grows vortex-induced resonance energy, ie, prevents the growth of vortex-induced resonance, and even causes vortex-induced resonance to disappear.
  • ⁇ (y i -y j ) is the correlation coefficient of the pulsating wind force per paragraph.
  • the peripheral wall of the tower 100 is provided with a section having the suction through hole 100a and a section where the suction through hole 100a is not provided, thereby breaking the correlation between the upper and lower sides, and weakening or eliminating the vortex vibration.
  • the vortex force distribution of the fluid-solid coupling along the outer surface of the tower 100 in the height direction is uneven, and the vortex energy is concentrated in the upper portion of the tower 100. Therefore, only the suction through hole 100a is provided in the upper portion of the tower 100. It can reduce the damage caused by vibration more specifically, and can also achieve the damage of the correlation between upper and lower.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic view showing the comparison of the length of the region of the suction through hole 100a and the length of the blade 400a in Fig. 4.
  • the region where the suction through hole 100a is provided preferably covers the length region of the blade 400a of the blade 400a.
  • the bottom of the region of the suction through hole 100a is equal to or slightly lower than the lowest point of the blade 400a, and the top portion is not extended to the top edge based on the top limit of the tower 100, specifically, the length of the blade 400a is L, and the suction through hole 100a
  • the height of the area is approximately 0.6L.
  • the exhaust port 500b of the suction device may be located at the bottom of the tower 100, as will be understood in conjunction with FIG. 18, which is the airflow after the exhaust airflow in FIG. 4 rises to the top of the tower 100. Schematic diagram of the path.
  • the airflow discharged from the exhaust port 500b will continue to collect in a large amount at the bottom of the tower 100, thereby generating a positive pressure, forming a positive pressure airflow, and the tower 100, the tower 100 bottom air (electrical equipment, such as high-power converter, hot air flow generated by transformer) is pushed up, and the pushing action makes the hot air flow inside the tower 100 (the wind power equipment carries the high-power transformer inside the tower 100, each The electrical equipment generates electrical energy loss during operation. These losses are converted into heat energy to the internal environment of the tower, heating the air inside the tower 100 to form hot air.
  • electrical equipment such as high-power converter, hot air flow generated by transformer
  • the overall upward acceleration motion (the hot air flow is subject to its own lifting force and platoon)
  • the combined action of the exhaust port 500b and the chimney effect enters the hub through the nacelle 200 or the generator 300 at the top of the tower 100, forming a positive pressure inside the hub, and passing through the pitch servo motor 901 and the pitch servo system.
  • the surface of the control cabinet 903 generates convective heat transfer and produces a cooling effect.
  • the heat exchanged gas carries heat from the root of the impeller 400, and in the extrusion process, it will prevent the rain or sand carried by the upwind from entering the shroud 902 (or the hub). It is equivalent to a sealed inner environment with a sealing function and a good enclosure.
  • the speed can reach about 0.5m/s, and can be increased to 1m/s in the dusty airflow, which is enough to play the aforementioned blocking effect without affecting the upwind flow.
  • the circumferential force generated by the impeller 400 is a sealed inner environment with a sealing function and a good enclosure.
  • an exhaust manifold 503 may be provided, and the exhaust manifold 503 is annularly disposed, and a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed outlets 500b may be provided.
  • the exhaust gas is uniformly exhausted over a wider range, and a transport line 502 is formed between the air extractor 501 and the exhaust manifold 500b. As shown in FIG. 4, the exhausted airflow collects at the bottom of the tower 100 and then rises upward and is squeezed out to form a path K.
  • the exhausted airflow itself is the gas sucked from the suction chamber, that is, the air outside the tower 100 sucked into the suction through hole 100a, which is the air flow at the natural ambient temperature, at the bottom of the tower 100
  • the heat generating equipment and components inside the tower 100 function as heat exchange cooling, which is equivalent to introducing an external “cold source” for cooling and cooling inside the tower 100, and The internal hot air is extruded.
  • thermodynamics ie, the condition of low-quality energy conversion to high-quality energy and the way to improve.
  • the process of passive work of impeller rotation is the second law of thermodynamics.
  • the guiding principle of energy loss plays a role in the solution of this embodiment.
  • the present embodiment can not only weaken or eliminate the tower shadow effect, prevent vortex-induced vibration induced by the boundary layer being detached, but also introduce outside air.
  • the cold source performs heat exchange to cool down.
  • the airflow sucked by the suction device may not be discharged into the inside of the tower 100 and may be discharged to the outside; or, it may be arranged that the exhaust port 500b can be discharged to the outside of the tower 100 or discharged to the inside, so that When the outside air flow has a high temperature and cannot produce a cooling effect, it can be selectively discharged to the outside.
  • the formation of the positive pressure gas stream acts as a plugging action for the discharge and formation of the hot gas stream inside the tower 100, which is also a consideration in selecting the discharge to the outside or inside.
  • the suction device may also be equipped with a dehumidifier to dehumidify the gas sucked from the suction through hole 100a, that is, to obtain a dry air flow, which may be inside the tower 100 or extruded from the top of the tower 100, or Avoid damage to other electrical components.
  • a dehumidifier to dehumidify the gas sucked from the suction through hole 100a, that is, to obtain a dry air flow, which may be inside the tower 100 or extruded from the top of the tower 100, or Avoid damage to other electrical components.
  • the dehumidifier can be bypassed, that is, the gas sucked from the suction through hole 100a can be dehumidified by the dehumidifier during the discharge process, and can be directly discharged from the dehumidifier in the dry season or in a dry environment. .
  • the tower 100 and method provided by the above embodiments can attenuate or eliminate the adverse effects of the tower shadow effect. Further, it is also possible to suppress the vortex-induced vibration, and it is apparent that the suction through hole 100a is suctioned to adsorb the boundary layer, thereby directly suppressing or preventing the cause of the vortex-induced vibration, compared to the spiral mode mentioned in the background art. Better vibration suppression effect; Moreover, the suction force can be adjusted at any time according to the vibration state, which has higher flexibility and does not require higher cost; in addition, compared with the background art In terms of the noise generated when the flow is in contact with the spiral, the suction of the suction through hole 100a can obviously reduce the noise and meet the requirements of ecological regulations.
  • the suction method can always be exerted during the hoisting or operation of the unit. Its inhibition of vortex induced vibration.
  • the suctioned airflow When the suctioned airflow is discharged to the inside, it can also function as heat exchange cooling, plugging, and the like as described above. Even if the suctioned airflow is not discharged from the bottom, it can play a certain function of cooling and blocking as long as it is discharged inward. However, when it is discharged from the bottom, the rising and pushing effect of the suction airflow makes the cooling and sealing effect better.

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Abstract

一种风力发电设备、塔筒及抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，所述塔筒设有贯通其周壁内外的抽吸通孔，所述抽吸通孔沿所述塔筒的周向分布；所述塔筒还设有抽吸设备，所述抽吸设备能够对所述抽吸通孔进行自外向内的抽吸。该塔筒和方法，在迎风面的抽吸通孔得到抽吸时，能够削弱或消除塔影效应的不利影响，延长变桨轴承寿命，减少噪音，提高风能利用系数。而当绕流脱体方位的抽吸通孔得以抽吸时，还可以抑制涡激振动；而且，抽吸时可以根据实际情况随时进行抽吸力度调整，具有更高的灵活性；抽吸的气流在向内部排放时，还可以起到换热冷却、封堵外界雨水沙尘等进入导流罩或轮毂的作用。

Description

风力发电设备、塔筒及抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法
本申请要求于2017年09月11日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710812909.0、发明名称为“风力发电设备、塔筒及抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及塔筒技术领域，具体涉及一种风力发电设备、塔筒及抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法。
背景技术
请参考图1-1，图1-1为风力发电装备构成示意图。
风力发电装备的基础为塔筒10，对整机起承载作用，起围护作用，作为示例，以一个圆形截面塔筒10为例，塔筒10可以是钢筒，也可以是钢筒与混凝土塔筒的组合。塔筒10承载着风力发电装备的机舱30、发电机、叶轮20。由叶轮20与发电机完成获取风能并转化成电能的任务。转化成的电能经电力传输电缆40或电力输送母管传输，图中所示的电力传输电缆40从机舱30引出后由塔筒10顶部的电缆挡圈限位，电缆挡圈固定于电缆挡圈固定板50，然后经马鞍面支架60后沿塔筒100的内壁垂下至变流柜70处。塔筒10的下端还设有塔架门80。
转化获得的电能经过风力发电机组的开关柜控制，借助电力传输电缆40或电力输送母管导线输运至完成电力电能变换任务的变流器(在变流柜 70内)，再经过变流器处理后可获得能与电网对接规则要求的电能。因此，风力发电装备的塔筒10可以说是是风力发电的塔杆，在风力发电机组装备中主要起支撑作用。
同时，塔筒10承载由机舱30、叶轮20、发电机产生的结构风荷载或由此引发的顺风向振动和横风向振动，即：风致结构振动问题。
目前在塔筒10运行过程中，叶轮20叶片的根部与变桨轴承连接处易于疲劳破坏，而且叶轮20在转动过程中会产生破坏生态的噪音。
另外，请参考图1-2，图1-2为塔筒分段吊装的示意图。
塔筒10目前一般分段安装，如图1-2所示，作为举例，从下至上依次为第一塔筒段11、第二塔筒段12、第三塔筒段13、第四塔筒段14、第五塔筒段15。风力发电装备的安装过程中，首先将第一塔筒段11安装于塔筒10的地基基础90上，然后其他塔筒段被逐段吊装，在相互连接之后，塔筒10顶部(图1-2中的第五塔筒段15)与机舱30的偏航系统连接，机舱30与发电机对接，发电机(或齿轮箱)再与叶轮20对接。
具体吊装过程如下：
吊装塔筒10前，先清洁与第一塔筒段11连接的地基基础90的基础环，把多根螺栓(如120根)螺纹处抹油后放在基础环内圈处，同时将风力发电装备的控制柜吊入到基础环内；
对第一塔筒段11的上端安装吊具，此处由主吊承担对第一塔筒段11上端的吊起，也同时对第一塔筒段11的下端安装吊具，此处由塔筒辅吊承担吊起任务，两吊车同时起吊，当第一塔筒段11的高度大于第一塔筒段11最大直径后，主吊提升第一塔筒段11上端的高度，辅吊停下，当第一 塔筒段11吊到垂直地面位置后把辅吊移开，卸掉第一塔筒段11下端的吊具；
将第一塔筒段11的法兰面连接好后，把螺栓从下往上穿，带好螺母后用电动扳手拧紧，至少对螺母实施拧紧3遍工序(等到整台风力发电装备吊装工序完成后，再用力矩扳手对塔筒连接螺母实施拧紧到要求的力矩值)；
其余的塔筒段与第一塔筒段11吊装过程相同，把最上段的塔筒段吊装完毕后，准备吊装机舱。
以上这些对接、连接的安装工序都在对风电场小地域环境局部风不可预测的情况下开展施工。因此，在吊装安装过程中，常会遇到大小变化不定的阵风或持续的小风，而如上所述，这些阵风或持续风有可能对塔筒诱发振动，破坏塔筒稳定、危及现场人身和设备的安全，推迟安装工期。例如，吊装第四塔筒段14后，第四塔筒段14存在振动，导致第五塔筒段15无法对准；甚至，紧固的螺栓可能会在震动作用下断裂，从而危及安全。
目前，风电行业吊装过程工程安全要求明确规定：风速大于6m/s时禁止叶片组吊装；风速大于8m/s时严禁机舱吊装；风速大于10m/s时严禁塔筒吊装。可见，现场吊装进度、安装工期明显受到局部区域风况的限制。对于高海拔、高山地域风电场的建设而言，工期更是容易受到影响。
请参考图2～图3-6，图2为现有技术中具有一定抑制振动功能的塔筒结构示意图；图3-1～图3-6分别为圆柱涡脱(绕流脱体)与雷诺数六个区间的关系示意图，雷诺数(Re)的六个区间从图3-1至图3-6分别是，Re﹤5、5＜Re﹤15、40＜Re﹤150、150＜Re﹤3×10 5、3×10 5＜Re﹤3×10 6、 Re＞3×10 6。
根据物体结构周围气流绕流模式的不同，将结构分为钝体和像飞行器的机翼或船帆这样的流线体。
当Re﹤5时，流体流动将附着在圆柱体的整个表面上，即流动不分离。
当5＜Re﹤40时，流动仍然是对称的，但出现了流动分离，在背风面形成两个对称排列的稳定漩涡，随着雷诺数的增大漩涡向外拉长，发生畸形。
40＜Re﹤150时，从雷诺数Re＝40开始，漩涡将从圆柱体表面后方交替脱落，流入到圆柱体背后附近流体中形成剪切层，不稳定的剪切层很快卷成漩涡，向下游流动，形成卡门涡街，即涡激振动。此时的漩涡脱落是规则的，且具有周期性。
150＜Re﹤300时，是从层流向紊流过渡的转变期，此时周期性的漩涡脱落被不规则的紊流所覆盖。
300＜Re﹤3×10 5时，称为亚临界区，圆柱体尾流在分离后主要表现为紊流尾流，漩涡脱落开始不规则，涡脱频率的周期可以大致定出，但涡脱时的干扰力将不再对称，而是随机的。
3×10 5＜Re﹤3×10 6时，称为超临界区，漩涡脱落点向后移动，已经无法辨认涡街，成了完全无周期的涡流。
3×10 6＜Re，称为跨临界区，圆柱体后方尾流十分紊乱，但又呈现出有规律的漩涡脱落。
当均匀气流流经(横掠、绕流)钝体(圆柱体)时，在圆柱体横断面背后产生的周期性的漩涡脱落会对结构物(塔筒表面接触面)产生一个周 期性变化的作用力——涡激力。被绕流的塔筒结构物下端与地下的地基基础构成单自由端振动体系(即塔筒的上端浸没在空气流中，塔筒最下端被固定在地基基础上)，当漩涡脱落频率与塔筒结构物的某阶自振频率相一致时，塔筒表面受到的周期性的涡激力(不平衡力)将引起塔筒体系结构的涡激共振(vortex-induced vibration)响应。
涡脱频率等于结构体系的塔筒及其基础振动体系的固有频率的条件，是在一定风速下才能满足的，但是固有频率为的塔筒及其基础振动体系将对漩涡的脱落产生某种反馈作用，使得涡脱的频率在一定的风速范围内被塔筒及其基础振动体系的振动频率所“俘获”，使其在这一风速范围内不随着风速的改变而改变，这种现象被称为锁定，锁定将扩大塔筒结构受涡激发生共振的风速范围。
现代大型MW级风力发电机组的塔筒高度可达60～100m，塔筒10顶部装有主机架、副机架、轮毂和叶片(即叶轮20)等主要部件。风力发电机组运行时，塔筒10受到的载荷除了顶部零部件产生的重力和风轮旋转产生的动载荷外，还要受到自然风的作用，包括顺风向和横风向两种作用形式。风吹动叶轮旋转时会对塔筒产生弯矩和力，这种由顺风向产生的弯矩和力是塔筒10发生破坏的主要原因。风绕过塔筒10时产生的涡流还会引起使塔筒10发生共振破坏的横向振动。
风吹过塔筒10时，尾流左右两侧产生成对的、交替排列的及旋转方向相反的反对称漩涡，即卡门漩涡。漩涡以一定频率脱离塔筒10，使塔筒10发生垂直于风向的横向振动，也称风诱发的横向振动，即涡激振动。当漩涡的脱离频率接近塔筒固有频率时，塔筒10容易发生共振而破坏。
图2中，在塔筒10外壁缠绕设置螺旋线10a(或螺旋板)，用来抑制塔筒10表面发生的旋涡脱落。其中，螺旋线10a(或螺旋板)在不同的螺距布置时，有不同的横向振荡抑制效果；螺旋线10a高度增加利于破坏涡街发放周期，涡街生成及发放更不规则，利于抑制涡激振动，同时噪声、塔筒前后产生的阻力也逐渐增大，沿着风向俯仰振动幅度会增大。
上述螺旋线10a的技术方案存在下述技术问题：
空气流的风速会变化，如果将螺旋线10a(或螺旋板)的特征参数(螺距、高度)加工为根据空气流的风速变化而变化，则相应的制造成本、维护成本会大幅增加；
螺旋线10a(或螺旋板)在塔筒表面的覆盖率会影响横向振荡抑制效果，覆盖率达到(或超过)50％时，抑制横向振动的效果达到最佳，但此时螺旋线10a(或螺旋板)与空气流的风致噪声对自然环境生物的严重影响是生态法规所不允许的；
安装螺旋线10a(或螺旋板)仅仅用在吊装阶段，意义降低，失去了很多，考虑长期运行使用，受装置成本和环境保护的要求，难以适应风速的变化、对应不同的风速，即：在不同的风速下都能发挥作用是难以做到的。
有鉴于此，如何改善风力发电装备的运行或安装情况，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一塔筒及抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法， 能够改善风力发电装备运行或安装情况。
本发明实施例提供的塔筒，所述塔筒设有贯通其周壁内外的抽吸通孔，所述抽吸通孔沿所述塔筒的周向分布；所述塔筒还设有抽吸设备，所述抽吸设备能够对所述抽吸通孔进行自外向内的抽吸。
本实施例还提供一种抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，沿所述塔筒周向设置贯通其周壁内外的抽吸通孔；对所述抽吸通孔进行自外向内的抽吸。
本发明实施例还提供一种风力发电设备，包括塔筒和位于所述塔筒顶部的机舱、发电机以及叶轮，所述塔筒为上述任一项所述的塔筒。
以上实施例所提供的塔筒和方法，在迎风面的抽吸通孔得到抽吸时，能够削弱或消除塔影效应的不利影响，延长变桨轴承寿命，减少噪音，提高风能利用系数。而当绕流脱体方位的抽吸通孔得以抽吸时，还可以抑制涡激振动，并且相较于背景技术中提到的螺旋线方式，显然，对抽吸通孔进行抽吸以吸附边界层的方式，直接抑制或阻止涡激振动的成因，具有更好的振动抑制效果；而且，抽吸时可以根据振动状态随时进行抽吸力度调整，具有更高的灵活性，且不需要付出更高的成本；此外，相较于背景技术中上风向来流与螺旋线接触时产生的噪音而言，对抽吸通孔进行抽吸显然可以大幅降低噪音，满足生态法规要求；再者，抽吸方式无论在机组吊装还是在运营期间，可以始终发挥其对涡激振动的抑制作用。上述抽吸的气流在向内部排放时，还可以起到换热冷却、封堵外界雨水沙尘等进入导流罩或轮毂的作用。
附图说明
图1-1为风力发电装备构成示意图；
图1-2为塔筒分段吊装的示意图；
图2为具有一定抑制振动功能的塔筒结构示意图；
图3-1～3-6分别为圆柱涡脱(绕流脱体)与雷诺数六个区间的关系示意图；
图4为本发明所提供具有抑制涡激振动功能的塔筒一种具体实施例的结构示意图；
图5为图4中设有抽吸通孔的塔筒上部的展开示意图；
图6为塔筒塔影效应的示意图；
图7为塔筒产生塔影效应的原理图；
图8为图4中塔筒顶部的俯视图，示出分割的抽吸腔室；
图9为图5中感压通道内设有感压元件的示意图；
图10是图9的侧视图；
图11为图10中设有感压元件处的放大图；
图12为塔筒外表面斯托罗哈数与雷诺数的关系示意图；
图13为图9中感温通道内设有感温元件的示意图；
图14为空气流外掠塔筒时，三种雷诺数Re下，塔筒局部表面努谢尔特数Nu与角度的变化曲线图；
图15为对图4中抽吸腔体进行抽吸的控制框图；
图16为塔筒内部设有振动监测装置的示意图；
图17为图4中设置抽吸通孔区域与叶片的长度对比示意图；
图18为图4中排出的气流浮升到塔筒顶部后的气流路径示意图。
图1-1～图18中附图标记说明如下：
10塔筒、11第一塔筒段、12第二塔筒段、13第三塔筒段、14第四塔筒段、15第五塔筒段、10a螺旋线、20叶轮、30机舱、40电力传输电缆、50电缆挡圈固定板、60马鞍面支架、70变流柜、80塔架门、90地基基础；
100塔筒、100a抽吸通孔、100b感温通道、100c感压通道；
200机舱、300发电机、400叶轮；
500a抽吸口、500b排气口、501抽气机、502输运管路、503排气汇流母管、504抽吸汇流母管、505电控阀；
600塔筒基础；
701外壳、702隔板、703空气过滤段、704抽吸腔室；
801绝热层、802感温元件、802a引线端、803振动监测装置、804感压元件、804a引线端；
901变桨伺服电机、902导流罩、903电控柜；
R1渐缩流道、R2喉部、R3渐扩流道。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图4，图4为本发明所提供塔筒一种具体实施例的结构示意图；图5为图4中设有抽吸通孔的塔筒上部的展开示意图，即将塔筒100环形的上部打开呈条形以便于示意。
如图4所示，塔筒100设于塔筒基础600之上，塔筒100顶部安装有机舱200、发电机300、叶轮400等部件。如图5所示，本实施例中，在塔筒100的上部，设有若干贯通塔筒100周壁内外的抽吸通孔100a，且若干抽吸通孔100a沿塔筒100的周向分布，即环绕塔筒100分布。另外，还设有抽吸设备，该抽吸设备能够对抽吸通孔100a进行自外向内的抽吸。这里的“自外向内”，并非限定抽吸设备的位置，而是抽吸的方向，即抽吸时，气流自外向内流动，则抽吸设备可以置于塔筒100内部，当然也可以置于外部。当对抽吸通孔100a进行抽吸时，由于抽吸通孔100a贯通塔筒100周壁，则可以抽吸到塔筒100外表面处的气流。
请参考图6，图6为塔筒塔影效应的示意图；图7为塔筒产生塔影效应的原理图，图中下方示出叶片400a顺时针转动时的动态变化图，叶片400a处于三个位置，依次与塔筒100外表面形成图中所示的渐缩流道R1、喉部R2、扩压流道R3。
叶轮400的叶片400a转动过程中，在经过塔筒100时，会出现“塔影效应”，经发明人观察、测量发现：上风向来流(多相流)被处于转动状态的叶片400a驱赶，叶片400a在经过塔筒100正前方之前就与塔筒100外表面形成压缩气流的渐缩流道R1结构；经过塔筒100正前方时形成最窄的流道，即图7中所示的喉部R2；叶片400a离开塔筒100正前方之后形成扩压流道R3。如此，实际上叶片400a在经过塔筒100前后，形成工程热力学和工程流体力学领域的变截面流体输运流道，即缩放流道(类似于缩放喷管结构)，如图6所示的缩放空间。
气流在缩放流道流动过程中会产生噪音和热力学不可逆的能量损失。 而且，对上风向来流进行压缩的过程会耗费叶轮400的转矩，周期性产生制动转矩的同时产生破坏生态的噪音(噪音的能量也是来自于上风向来流携带的能量)。此外，基于塔影效应，会造成相应的叶片400a在塔筒100前方经过时顺着风向的弯矩出现脉动性降低，经过叶片400a传递到叶根造成对变桨轴承的脉动性荷载疲劳破坏。这是发明人研究后发现的导致产生背景技术所述问题的原因所在，这些问题在风电领域一直长期存在。
本方案中，在塔筒100上设置贯通其周壁的抽吸通孔100a，对抽吸通孔100a进行抽吸时，当叶片400a经过时，对于上述缩放流道对应的塔筒100位置，由于抽吸效应，弱化了塔筒100的阻挡效果，叶片400a经过塔筒100时，叶片400a后方情形类似于叶片400a转动至上方时的无限大空间，也就是说，塔筒100的外壁实际上不能再与叶片100a形成缩放流道，抽吸后原先处于被压缩过程必须绕流塔筒100的气流部分被抽吸呈膨胀状态而进入塔筒100内壁，从而抑制甚至消除了风电行业塔影效应带来的所有危害。此时，本方案实际上抑制或消除了气流绕流塔筒100时的压缩过程(或压缩功)，同时就增加了叶片400a在塔筒100前方经过时形成的转矩和轮周功率，提高了叶片400a将风能转化为旋转机械能的风能利用系数，而且也降低叶片400a顺风向弯矩脉动，降低对变桨轴承的脉动疲劳荷载。这种对叶片400a瞬间经过塔筒100前方的动态过程中热力学耗散分析和热力学吸收利用(即：将压缩、摩擦、能量转化成噪音这些不可逆耗散过程)是风力发电领域目前尚未公开的技术思想。
本案思想已经超出了单纯的空气动力学领域，发明人感悟到：需要解决的问题在本质上属于更为普遍的能量转化领域和更为基本、更为深刻的 低品质能量(风能)向高品质能量(旋转机械能)转化过程中相伴进行的由高向低会自发产生的不可逆能量损失的降低和控制的基本理论范畴。发明人经过长期在风电场进行感测和结合电机轴系破坏的地形、地貌考察工作，感悟到塔影过程中的热力学效应，并据此产生如上技术方案。
另外，图6中，在塔筒100底部或是塔筒基础600上设置角度测量传感器，图中示出三个角度测量传感器A、B、C，叶片400a的叶尖能够发射激光400b，角度测量传感器A、B、C可感知该激光400b，从而知悉叶片400a是否进入缩放空间。如此，可获取塔筒100迎流面上风向来流进入压缩状态的时刻，为消除压缩现象，打开塔筒100迎流面的抽吸通孔100a。即角度测量传感器有助于确定抽吸通孔100a抽吸以消除塔影效应的时机，以有效节省能源。
请继续参考图4、7，为了便于实现对抽吸通孔100a的抽吸，还在塔筒100内设有外壳701，外壳701与设有抽吸通孔100a区域的塔筒100内表面围合形成密闭的抽吸腔体。图4中，仅在塔筒100上部设有抽吸通孔100a，相应地外壳701与塔筒100上部内表面配合形成环形密闭的抽吸腔体。抽吸设备抽吸该抽吸腔体，以实现对抽吸通孔100a进行自外向内的抽吸。
可见，设置密闭的抽吸腔体，抽吸设备只要抽吸该环形的抽吸腔体即可实现对塔筒100周向上所有的抽吸通孔100a进行抽吸，抽吸更易于实现。当然，不设置抽吸腔体也是可行的，例如，抽吸设备可以有多个与抽吸通孔100a配合的抽吸口500a，或者一个抽吸口500a对应一定区域内的抽吸通孔100a等。
抽吸腔体与抽吸设备的抽吸口500a之间可以设有空气过滤段703。具体地，如图5所示，在抽吸腔体的底部设置环形的空气过滤段703，抽吸设备的抽吸口500a设于环形的空气过滤段703的下方，也即位于外壳701的底部。抽气设备将外部的气流向内抽吸，外部气流中可能携带有沙尘、雨水等，空气过滤段703可以将抽吸进来的气流进行过滤，以免损害抽吸设备，当抽吸的气流向塔筒100内部排放时，也可以提高排放气流的洁净度，避免污染内部空气，不利于工人操作或者对塔筒100内部元器件造成损坏。
进一步地，请继续参考图5，并结合图8所示，图8为图4中塔筒100顶部的俯视图，示出分割的抽吸腔室704。
抽吸腔体内设有若干隔板702，隔板702将抽吸腔体分割为若干个沿周向分布的抽吸腔室704。由上述内容可知，为了降低或直接消除塔影效应的不利影响，主要是叶片400a经过塔筒100的位置需要被抽吸，而叶片400a经过的塔筒100的位置为塔筒100的迎风面位置，因此，可以仅抽吸迎风面所对应位置处的抽吸通孔100a即可，无需整体抽吸而节省能耗。当然，抽吸通孔100a仍是周向布置，无论风向如何，迎风面均有对应的抽吸通孔100a可供抽吸。
图8中，沿周向将抽吸腔体通过隔板702等分为八个抽吸腔室704，上风向来流为正西，则迎风面对应于序号为1、8的抽吸腔室704。本实施例中，优选地是抽吸设备抽吸序号1、8的抽吸腔室704，可不对其余抽吸腔室704进行抽吸。图7中设置多个抽吸腔室704，并在迎风面(下方正南，叶片400a所处的方位即为迎流面)显示出抽吸通孔100a，其余位置 未予显示。
迎风面可以根据风向来确定。具体地，可以设置风向传感器，根据检测的风向确定迎风面以及对应的抽吸腔室704的序号。
另外，还可以设置感压元件804，如图9-11所示，图9为塔筒100周壁的感压通道100c内设有感压元件804的示意图；图10是图9的侧视图；图11为图10中设有感压元件804处的放大图。
塔筒100还可以设有若干沿其周向分布的感压元件804，用于检测塔筒100外表面处的压力，塔影效应会造成压力波动，因此根据感压元件804检测的压力情况，会获得压力波动的方位，该方位正是塔筒100的迎流面位置。感压元件804可以将检测的压力信号输出至控制器，控制器判断后确定迎流面的方位，然后控制抽吸设备抽吸迎流面对应的抽吸腔室704。
如图10所示，可以在塔筒100周壁设置感压通道100c，感压通道100c也贯通塔筒100周壁，感压元件804靠近塔筒100外表面的外端(图10中右端)用于感知塔筒100外表面处气流的压力；感压元件804靠近塔筒100内表面的内端(图10中左端)，为引线端804a，可以输出信号至控制器，当然，感压元件804也可以是无线输出信号。
如此设置，既便于感压元件804检测到塔筒100外表面气流的压力，又便于信号的传输，感压通道100c对于感压元件804也能起到一定的保护作用。
感压元件804和风向传感器可以相互校验，互为冗余。当二者确定的迎流面位置不同时，显然是出现了传感器故障，可以按照最终确定的未发生故障的传感器确定迎流面。
上述设置的抽吸通孔100a，除了进行抽吸以削弱或消除塔影效应的不利影响之外，还可以抽吸抑制涡激振动。
由背景技术部分描述可知，当上风向来流绕流塔筒100时，边界层在塔筒100后方两侧会形成周期性的漩涡脱落，即绕流脱体现象，也是诱发涡激振动的成因。本方案，可以通过从若干抽吸通孔100a抽吸的方式，使得边界层能够“吸附”在塔筒100外表面，从而抑制或直接阻止边界层分离塔筒100外表面，也就减小或消除了涡激振动的成因，达到抑制涡激振动的目的。显然，抽吸通孔100a沿周向分布，则无论上风向来流的风向如何，对应的扰流脱体位置均有对应的抽吸通孔100a可供抽吸。
从原理上来说，当塔筒100结构物发生涡激共振时，作用于塔筒100结构外表面上的涡激力(即不平衡受力)近似为一个简谐力F(t)：
F(t)＝F 0sinωt       (1)
式中：ω(Re，St)为旋涡脱落的频率，ωt整体为变量；
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000001
是雷诺数，为无量纲数。
F 0为涡激力振幅值，F 0＝(ρU 2/2)CD；
ρ为塔筒100上风向来流密度；
U为塔筒100上风向来流风速；
C为塔筒100结构截面的空气动力系数；空气动力系数也称风载体型系数，它是风在工程结构表面形成的压力(或吸力)与按来流风速算出的理论风压的比值。它反映出稳定风压在工程结构及建筑物表面上的分布，并随建筑物形状、尺度、屏蔽状况以及气流方向等而异；
D和d，是流体经过障碍物、绕流障碍物时的障碍物面对流体形成的空间结构的特征尺度，是传热学领域通用术语。本实施例中，是指围护结构(这里是塔筒外表面形状)与流体接触面(这里是空气流)的特征尺度，通常取垂直于风向的结构宽度，塔筒100在相应高度处的外径。即为塔筒100在抽吸通孔100a分布段落的高度处的外径。
μ为上风向来流的粘性系数。
涡激力引起的塔筒100结构横向振幅变化为：
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000002
式中：K为塔筒100结构体系(可以包括机舱200)的刚度；
δ为对数衰减率(大约0.05)。
当上风向来流的风速达到一定合适的数值、并持续作用一段时间后，塔筒100结构可能发生涡激共振，此时振动的振幅A：
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000003
可以看出，当结构的截面尺寸已定，可借助阻尼的提高来降低涡激共振振幅，比如减小空气动力系数C、减小上风向来流密度ρ。
上式的
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000004
即斯脱罗哈数(Strouhal数)，斯托罗哈数的定义描述了漩涡脱落频率、风速和圆柱体直径之间的关系。
式中：f为涡脱频率，Hz；
U为塔筒100上风向来流风速；
D为塔筒100在抽吸通孔100a分布段落的平均高度处的外径。
D在本实施例中指塔筒100不同高度处的外径。此外径会变化，当上风向来流非水平，而是以一定倾角的方式绕流塔筒100时，绕流塔筒100外围的路径形成近似椭圆，如上述气动外形的描述，这时特征尺寸D就为气动外形椭圆的当量直径(传热学专门术语，是一种假想的圆形截面的直径，即非圆形截面按照周长折算成圆形截面后的直径)。此时，被流体润湿或与流体接触的边界变得更加流线型化，远离钝化。从振动形式上看，涡激共振是带有自激与强迫双重性质的限幅振动。
斯托罗哈数可以根据雷诺数获取，与雷诺数的关系可以参考图12，图12为塔筒外表面斯托罗哈数与雷诺数的关系示意图，横轴为雷诺数，纵轴为斯托罗哈数。雷诺数达到2×10 5之前，斯托罗哈数为常数0.20；之后，随着雷诺数增大，斯托罗哈数先跳到0.30，再增加至0.43，随后当雷诺数等于2×10 6时又降到0.2。因此，斯托罗哈数、D、U均是可以获得的参数，f也可以根据斯托罗哈数的公式计算获得，相应地，振幅A也可以计算获得。
当上风向来流绕流塔筒100时，基于抽吸作用，使得塔筒100设有抽吸通孔100a的位置，会向塔筒100内抽吸塔筒100外表面的边界层气流，保持边界层处于层流流态，避免边界层转捩，以便减小表面摩擦力，使得空气流流动附着塔筒100外表面，抽吸通孔100a与塔筒100外表面光滑过渡，造成相对塔筒100绕流气流的空气动力系数(C)变小，根据公式(3)，可以降低涡激共振振幅(A)，抑制涡激振动。
同样，抽吸时，也可以设置外壳701以与塔筒100内表面形成环形的抽吸腔体，便于抽吸。
应当知晓，绕流脱体正是形成卡门涡街，导致涡激振动的重要成因，故仅抽吸绕流脱体方位的抽吸腔室704即可削弱或阻止此处的边界层脱离，而抑制卡门涡街的发生，从而抑制或直接阻止涡激振动。相较于对整个环形的抽吸腔体进行抽吸而言，显然仅针对绕流脱体方位处进行抽吸的方式，更有针对性，能够节省能耗，即进行上风向来流(多相流)的方向性吸收。
在同样进行迎流面抽吸以削弱或消除塔影效应时，显然需对迎流面和迎流面两侧的绕流脱体方位均进行抽吸。
仍以图8为例，上风向来流绕流塔筒100时会产生绕流脱体现象，图8中，上风向来流为正西，则在塔筒100后方，大致位于正北偏东和正南偏东的位置(从塔筒100正对上风向来流的方位，逆时针或瞬时针110-130度角的位置)，对应于图8中所示的序号3、6的抽吸腔室704。本实施例，优选地是抽吸设备抽吸绕流脱体方位所对应的抽吸腔室704，对于图8而言，也就大致是序号3、6的两个抽吸腔室704。因此，较佳的方案是同时对序号为1、8、3、6四个抽吸腔室704进行抽吸。如此一来，既削弱或消除塔影效应的不利影响，又可以抑制或消除涡激振动。
如图5所示，抽吸设备可以具有若干抽吸口500a，分别与若干抽吸腔室704一一对应，且抽吸口500a与对应抽吸腔室704之间设有开关阀；抽吸与迎流面和/或绕流脱体方位对应的抽吸腔室704时，其余抽吸腔室704对应的开关阀关闭。开关阀具体可以是电控阀505，此时可同时设置控制器，控制器可以获得绕流脱体方位和迎流面方位，从而控制与绕流脱体方位以及迎流面对应的电控阀505闭合开启，并控制其余电控阀505断开关 闭，实现自动控制。当然，作为电控制的冗余或替代方案，手动控制也是可以的。
每个抽吸腔室704对应一抽吸口500a，具有一一对应性，抽吸设备的抽吸力更能得到保证，在设置对应的开关阀时，仅需要配备一套抽吸设备即可。应知，每个抽吸腔室704对应一套抽吸设备也是可行的，但显然一套抽吸设备和开关阀的配合具有更低的成本优势。
当抽吸设备设置与若干抽吸腔室704对应的抽吸口500a时，还可以设置抽吸汇流母管504，图4中，抽吸设备具体实现抽吸作用的是抽气机501，抽吸腔室704内的气流经抽吸口500a后，通过抽吸汇流母管504汇流至抽气机501，便于多个抽吸口500a与抽气机501的连接，也能够简化抽气设备的抽吸管路。
请继续参考图9，并结合图13理解，图13为图9中感温通道内设有感温元件的示意图。
图13为与感压元件804类似，塔筒100还可以设有若干沿其周向分布的感温元件802，用于检测塔筒100外表面处的边界层气流温度，以获取绕流脱体方位。由前述的绕流脱体现象可知，在绕流脱体位置，边界层中出现逆流向流动，形成漩涡，从而使正常边界层流动被破坏，该位置的换热系数也就最高，因此温度也相对较低。通过检测塔筒100整个周向的温度，温度相对较低的位置即为绕流脱体方位，当然，由于太阳光的照射，处于塔筒100背阴侧的绕流脱体方位温度偏低，另一个绕流脱体方位按照温度偏低的绕流脱体方位和上风向来流的方位确定即可。具体是指：上风向来流与塔筒100迎风面形成驻点(气流滞止点，在塔筒100迎风面自上 至下是一条线)，驻点与塔筒100下风向两侧的绕流脱体方位在水平面构成等腰三角形，因此，另一个绕流脱体方位借助等腰三角形关系随即获得。
如图8所示，当太阳光从正南照射时，序号3对应的抽吸腔室704处的温度偏低，而序号8对应的抽吸腔室704的温度实际上偏高，可以根据序号3对应的抽吸腔室704确定一侧绕流脱体方位，再从正对上风向来流的位置确定另一侧的绕流脱体方位，即逆时针相同的角度获得绕流脱体方位位于序号6所对应的抽吸腔室704处。
感温元件802可以将检测的温度信号输出至控制器，控制器判断后确定绕流脱体方位，然后控制抽吸设备抽吸相应的抽吸腔室704。
如图13所示，可以在塔筒100周壁设置感温通道100b，感温通道100b也贯通塔筒100周壁，感温元件802靠近塔筒100外表面的外端(图13中右端)用于感知塔筒100外表面处边界层的温度；感温元件802靠近塔筒100内表面的内端(图13中左端)，为引线端802a，可以输出信号至控制器，当然，感温元件802也可以是无线输出信号。
如此设置，既便于感温元件802检测到塔筒100外表面边界层气流的温度，又便于信号的传输，感温通道100b对于感温元件802也能起到一定的保护作用。可以理解，基于热传递，外表面换热系数高、温度低的方位，对应的内表面温度也偏低，所以感温元件802设于塔筒100内侧以检测塔筒100内表面温度也是可以的。当然，相较而言，感温元件802检测外表面的边界层温度来判断绕流脱体方位最为精确。
针对图13中将感温元件802设于塔筒100周壁中感温通道100b内的方案，感温元件802与感温通道100b的内壁之间可以设有绝热层801，以 免受到塔筒100周壁本身的温度干扰，只测量塔筒100外表面位置的温度。另外，感温元件802与感温通道100b的外端口可以具有预定距离，预定距离可以选取为15-25mm，即向感温通道100b内退缩一定距离，使其能够准确感知外表面边界层温度，而又不会受到太阳光照射辐射的影响。
另外，感温通道100b内径可选定为9-11mm。如此，益于阻止太阳辐射进入，避免干感温元件502的测量。而且可防止雨水、沙尘等通过感温通道100b进入塔筒100内部，还可在感温通道100b的外端口位置设置雨伞状或蘑菇头状的遮挡物。
以上提供了一种根据温度检测获得绕流脱体方位的方式，除此以外，绕流脱体方位还可以通过下述方式获得。
可以设置风速传感器和风向传感器，以检测风速和风向，以获取绕流脱体方位。请参考图14，图14为空气流外掠塔筒时，三种雷诺数Re下，塔筒局部表面努谢尔特数Nu与角度的变化曲线图。
可以(遵照雷诺数涉及的物理量)设置风速传感器和风向传感器、温度传感器，测量空气流温度修正空气流的粘性系数、修正空气流密度，获得雷诺数，以雷诺数获取绕流脱体方位。纵坐标为努谢尔特数Nu,无量纲数，间接反映表面传热系数的大小，横轴为自上风向来流与塔筒壁面接触面法向量顺时针向右的角度定义为φ/(°)，图中三条连续曲线自下至上雷诺数Re逐渐增大，三个峰值大约在110-125°，相应也在逐渐增大。这里，三个“峰值”对应的角度正是对应于绕流脱体逆压力梯度回流的方位，这个方位，空气流与塔筒外壁换热速率最高。
请参考图15、16，图15为对图4中抽吸腔体进行抽吸的控制框图； 图16为塔筒100内部设有振动监测装置803的示意图。
上述提供的绕流脱体方位确定方式，可以同时进行，从而进行相互校验，互为冗余方案。正常的情况下，两种方式获得的绕流脱体方位应该相同或基本相同。若偏差较大，则可能是感温元件802出现了故障，或者风向、风速传感器发生了故障，当进一步确定发生故障的传感器后，则按照未产生故障传感器的检测数据确定实际的绕流脱体方位。
如图15所示，两种绕流脱体方位确定的方式同时进行，将检测的数据和判断的结果同时反馈给控制器，图15中感温元件802的温度信号由感温信号比较器比较获得绕流脱体范围，显然，也可以是控制器接收数据后进行判断，或者感温信号比较器可以是控制器的一个单元模块。
另外，与绕流脱体方位的确定相同，两种迎流面方位确定方式也可以同时进行，控制器根据风向传感器检测的风向以及感压元件804检测的压力波动情况确定实际的迎流面位置。
根据确定的实际的绕流脱体方位以及迎流面位置，控制器输出控制信号，控制抽吸设备中的抽气机501开启，并闭合与绕流脱体方位、迎流面对应的抽吸腔室704的电控阀505闭合开启，以进行抽吸，同时控制其他抽吸腔室704的电控阀505闭合关闭，图8中，即开启序号为1、3、6、8的抽吸腔室704对应的电控阀505，关闭2、4、5、7对应的抽吸腔室704的电控阀505。
如图16所示，可以在塔筒100内部设置振动监测装置803，以检测塔筒100的振动情况，并将振动的数据信号(振动幅度、频率等)输出至控制器。振动监测装置803可以设于塔筒100的内表面，也可以是例如塔筒 100周壁内部或其他位置，设置于内表面简单易行。控制器根据振动监测装置803的反馈对抽气机501进行调节，除了进行图15所示的启动、关闭调整外，还可以通过控制驱动抽气机501的电动机的频率和电压、对电动机实施变压、变频调速实现对抽气机501抽气流量的调节。
调整抽气机501的功率，例如振动较强时，可以增大抽气流量，振动减小时，可以减少抽气流量。另外，抽吸通孔100a的分布密度以及抽吸通孔100a本身的孔径也会影响抽气的效果(抽吸通孔100a外表面周围可以光滑过渡进入孔内)，而抽气机501的功率可调，使得抽吸通孔100a的设置具有更好的灵活性。抽吸通孔100a沿着塔筒100周向可以顺排列、可以叉排列。
在高海拔、高山顶部或半山腰等环境下，装设风电机组、完成塔筒100吊装任务时，设置的振动监测装置803获得的振动状态信息，可以无限传输至地面，以便现场指挥人员掌握和进行安全的吊装塔吊操作。
感压元件804除了感知压力波动情况以确定迎流面外，检测的压力信号还可以辅助判断进行抽吸后，塔影效应的变化情况。当压力波动变小或者消失，显然达到了抽吸效果；如果压力依然存在较大波动，则可以据此调整抽气流量，直至压力波动明显降低或消失。另外，针对塔影效应的消除，叶轮400的转速、当前风速(可由风速传感器检测)与电控阀505的开启频率(开启频率受上风向气流方向变化决定)以及开启度(开启度受上风向风速大小变化决定，风速越大、开启度越大)相关，控制器可以据此控制。
当迎流面和绕流脱体方位的抽吸腔室704共同开启时，控制器可根据 感压元件804以及振动监测装置803的信号统筹调节抽气机501以及电控阀505的开度。
需要说明的是，以上实施例中，仅在塔筒100的上部设置抽吸通孔100a，如此设置，能达到如下所述的进一步技术效果：
由于能被抽吸的抽吸通孔100a的出现，上风向来流绕流塔筒100时被分成不同的段落，一种是有抽吸通孔100a的段落，雷诺数被人为大幅度增加，上风向来流在此种段落处绕流速度加快，而且紧贴塔筒100外表面，不发生边界层分离和涡街现象，阻碍了塔筒100上部后方两侧漩涡的形成；没有抽吸通孔100a的塔筒100段落，没有抽吸帮助，雷诺数没有改变，绕流气流速度低。
因此，本质上，局部高度段落设置抽吸通孔100a的方式，彻底打乱了现有技术中塔筒100上部旋涡脱落和下部旋涡脱落频率会出现一致性的情形，从而将它们的共同作用削弱、降低或阻止了塔筒100外表面边界层绕流脱体时涡激共振响应，也就抑制或直接阻止塔筒100上部涡激诱发的振动。
相关性是脉动风的重要特征，在这里它与空间两点的脉动风速或塔筒100不同高度的表面两点的脉动压力有关。
相关系数ρ定义为
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000005
在两个不同高度处(Z 1、Z 2)，脉动风速的协方差定义如下：
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000006
因此，协方差是两个高度处脉动风速乘积的时间平均。等式右侧的每个风速值都减去了各自的平均值
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000007
和
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000008
在数学上，标准差的公式可写成：
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000009
式中U(t)——平均风速方向上的风速分量，其等于
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000010
u(t)为顺风向湍流分量，即平均风速方向上的脉动风速分量。
分子表示塔筒100在两个不同高度处有不同的风速，脉动风速的协方差。
协方差是两个高度处脉动风速乘积的时间平均。
湍流的总体强度可以用风速标准差或者均方根来衡量，从风速中减去平均分量，然后用偏差来量化剩余部分，对偏差平方后在做平均，最后开方，得出一个具有风速单位的物理量，获得标准差。由相关系数定义式，不同高度处风速的协方差除以标准差得到不同高度两处风速之间的相关性系数，相关性越小越好，阻碍旋涡形成后不同高度处漩涡的频率，打破频率一致性对涡激共振能量的聚集和增长，即：阻止涡激共振的增长，甚至致使涡激共振消失。
塔筒100结构表面上的总脉动风力均方值
Figure PCTCN2018079415-appb-000011
y i、y j竖直方向的两点，ρ(y i-y j)为每段落脉动风力的相关系数。
从上述表述可知，沿高度方向，塔筒100周壁设置具有抽吸通孔100a的段落和不设置抽吸通孔100a的段落，从而破坏上、下的相关性，削弱或消除涡激振动。而沿着塔筒100高度方向外表面流固耦合的涡激力分布不均匀，涡激力能量在塔筒100上部较集中，所以仅在塔筒100上部设置抽吸通孔100a即可，既能更有针对性地减少振动带来的损坏，也可实现上、下相关性的破坏。当然，沿高度方向，在上部以外位置设置抽吸通孔100a，或者在多个不同高度段落设置抽吸通孔100a都是可以的。
如图17所示，图17为图4中设置抽吸通孔100a区域与叶片400a的长度对比示意图。
当抽吸通孔100a仅设于上部时，在解决塔影效应问题时，设置抽吸通孔100a的区域最好覆盖叶片400a的叶片400a长度区域。图17中，抽吸通孔100a区域的底部等于或略低于叶片400a的最低点，顶部基于塔筒100顶部限制未延伸到顶缘，图中具体是叶片400a长度为L，抽吸通孔100a区域高度大约是0.6L。
还可以对上述各实施例作进一步的优化。
如图4所示，抽吸设备的排气口500b可以位于塔筒100内的底部，请一并结合图18理解，图18为图4中排出的气流浮升到塔筒100顶部后的气流路径示意图。
排气口500b位于塔筒100内的底部后，则排气口500b排出的气流会在塔筒100的底部大量持续汇集，从而产生正压，形成正压气流，将塔筒100内、塔筒100底部空气(电气装备，如大功率变流器、变压器产生的热气流)向上推举，推举作用使得塔筒100内部热气流(风电装备承载围 护结构塔筒100的内部具有大功率变压器、各种电气设备，在工作时均产生电能损耗，这些损耗转化为热能散向塔筒内部环境，加热塔筒100内部环境的空气，形成热空气)整体向上加速运动(热气流受本身浮升力和排气口500b排气的联合作用，以及烟囱效应)，经过塔筒100顶部的机舱200或发电机300进入轮毂，在轮毂内部形成正压，并经过变桨伺服电机901和变桨伺服系统的电控柜903表面，产生对流换热，产生冷却效果。
与此同时，换热后的气体携带热量从叶轮400根部挤出，在挤出过程中又会对上风向来流携带的雨水或沙尘进入导流罩902(或轮毂内)起到阻止作用，相当于具有封堵功能，围护较好的密封内环境。气流从叶轮400根部挤出时，速度可达到0.5m/s左右，在沙尘气流时可以增大至1m/s，这足以起到前述的封堵作用，又不会影响上风向来流对叶轮400产生的轮周力。
上述提到沙尘气流，是因为，在缺少植被覆盖地面的风电场，如干旱或沙漠地域的风电场，空气流中会携带固体颗粒物，包括沙尘或灰尘，它们进入叶片叶根的轮毂内回造成污染，影响电气设备散热、影响转动部件轴系的轴承润滑寿命，必须设法阻止沙尘气流进入轮毂内部空间，这时上升的热气流正好完成此功能。
由此可见，从抽吸腔体中抽吸出的气流从塔筒100底部排出后，同时起到对变桨系统进行换热冷却和封堵杂质进入的作用。为了便于排出的气流能够相对均匀地在塔筒100内部浮升，可以设置排气汇流母管503，排气汇流母管503环形设置，设有多个周向均布的排气口500b，则可以在更大范围内均匀地排气，抽气机501和排气汇流母管500b之间形成输运管路 502。如图4所示，排出的气流在塔筒100底部聚集后向上浮升并挤压排出，形成路径K。
此外，排出的气流本身是从抽吸腔体抽吸的气体，也就是从抽吸通孔100a抽吸入的塔筒100外部空气，该气流为自然环境温度的空气流，在塔筒100底部聚集向上推举浮升的过程中，也就为塔筒100内部的产热设备、元件起到换热冷却的作用，相当于引入了外部“冷源”为塔筒100内部进行冷却降温，并将内部的热气流挤出。这是发明人长期站在热力学第二定律精髓(即：低品质能量向高品质能量转化的条件以及提高的途径)的角度看待叶轮旋转被动做功的过程，是在热力学第二定律对降低过程不可逆能量损失的指导思想发挥作用下诞生的本实施例方案。
上述提到对抽吸的气流进行过滤，在此处，过滤后的气流在浮升的过程中可避免杂质损坏塔筒100内部以及塔筒100顶部之上机舱200等部件。
可见，本实施例将塔筒100外表面边界层处的气流抽吸入塔筒100内部后，不仅能够削弱或消除塔影效应，防止边界层脱离而诱发的涡激振动，还能够引入外界空气冷源进行换热降温。可以理解，抽吸设备抽吸的气流也可以不排入塔筒100内部，可以向外部排出；或者，可以设置为排气口500b既能向塔筒100外部排放也可以向内部排放，这样，在外界空气流具有较高温度而不能产生降温效果时，可以选择向外部排出。当然，除了降温之外，形成的正压气流所起到的推举塔筒100内部热气流排出和形成的封堵作用，也是在选择向外部或内部排出的考虑因素。
抽吸设备还可以配备除湿机，以对从抽吸通孔100a处抽吸出的气体进行除湿，即获得干燥的气流，在塔筒100内部或者从塔筒100顶部挤压排 出时，也可以避免对其他电器元件造成损坏。
除湿机可以旁路设置，即从抽吸通孔100a抽吸出的气体在排出的过程中可以经过除湿机进行除湿处理，而在干燥季节或干燥环境下，也可以绕开除湿机，直接排出。
以上实施例所提供的塔筒100和方法，能够削弱或消除塔影效应的不利影响。并且还可以抑制涡激振动，相较于背景技术中提到的螺旋线方式，显然，对抽吸通孔100a进行抽吸以吸附边界层的方式，直接抑制或阻止涡激振动的成因，具有更好的振动抑制效果；而且，抽吸时可以根据振动状态随时进行抽吸力度调整，具有更高的灵活性，且不需要付出更高的成本；此外，相较于背景技术中上风向来流与螺旋线接触时产生的噪音而言，对抽吸通孔100a进行抽吸显然可以大幅降低噪音，满足生态法规要求；再者，抽吸方式无论在机组吊装还是在运营期间，可以始终发挥其对涡激振动的抑制作用。上述抽吸的气流在向内部排放时，还可以起到如上所述的换热冷却、封堵等作用。抽吸的气流即便不从底部排放，只要向内排放就可以起到一定的冷却、封堵功能，只是从底部排放时，抽吸气流的上升推举作用使得冷却、封堵效果更好。
需要说明的是，对于周向设有抽吸通孔100a的塔筒100而言，可以仅进行迎流面的抽吸，或仅进行绕流脱体方位的抽吸，或仅针对以上二者的方位进行抽吸，也可以是整个周向的抽吸。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (26)

  1. 塔筒(100)，其特征在于，所述塔筒(100)设有贯通其周壁内外的抽吸通孔(100a)，所述抽吸通孔(100a)沿所述塔筒(100)的周向分布；所述塔筒(100)还设有抽吸设备，所述抽吸设备能够对所述抽吸通孔(100a)进行自外向内的抽吸。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述塔筒(100)内设有外壳(701)，所述外壳(701)与设有所述抽吸通孔(100a)区域的塔筒(100)内表面围合形成环形密闭的抽吸腔体；所述抽吸设备抽吸所述抽吸腔体，以实现对所述抽吸通孔(100a)进行自外向内的抽吸。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述抽吸腔体内还设有隔板(702)，所述隔板(702)将所述抽吸腔体分割为若干沿周向分布的抽吸腔室(704)；还包括控制器，所述控制器控制所述抽吸设备对所述塔筒(100)迎风面处对应的所述抽吸腔室(704)进行抽吸。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的塔筒，其特征在于，还包括风向传感器，所述控制器根据所述风向传感器检测的风向，确定所述迎风面，继而确定所述迎风面所对应的所述抽吸腔室(704)。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的塔筒，其特征在于，上风向来流绕流塔筒(100)时形成绕流脱体，所述抽吸设备还抽吸绕流脱体方位所对应的抽吸腔室(704)。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述塔筒(100)还设有若干沿其周向分布的感温元件(802)和/或感压元件(804)；所述感温元件(802)用于检测所述塔筒(100)外表面处气流的边界层温度，所述控 制器根据所述边界层温度获取所述绕流脱体方位；所述感压元件(804)用于检测所述塔筒(100)外表面处的压力，所述控制器根据所述压力的变化确定所述迎风面。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述塔筒(100)设有贯通其周壁的感温通道(100b)和/或感压通道(100c)，所述感温元件(802)设于所述感温通道(100b)内，所述感压元件(804)设于所述感压通道(100c)内。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述感温元件(802)与所述感温通道(100b)的内壁之间设有绝热层(801)；且所述感温元件(802)与所述感温通道(100b)的外端口，具有预定距离，所述预定距离为15-25mm。
  9. 如权利要求3或5所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述抽吸设备具有若干抽吸口(500a)，分别对应于若干所述抽吸腔室(704)，且所述抽吸口(500a)与对应所述抽吸腔室(704)之间设有开关阀；所述控制器控制所述抽吸设备抽吸对应的所述抽吸腔室(704)时，控制其余所述抽吸腔室(704)对应的所述开关阀关闭；
    所述抽吸设备包括抽吸汇流母管(504)和抽气机(501)，各所述抽吸口(500a)通过所述抽吸汇流母管(504)连通所述抽气机(501)。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的塔筒，其特征在于，还包括风速传感器和风向传感器，以获取所述绕流脱体方位以及所述迎风面，所述开关阀为电控阀(505)；
    所述塔筒(100)还设有若干沿其周向分布的感温元件(802)和/或感 压元件(804)；所述感温元件(802)用于检测所述塔筒(100)外表面处的边界层温度，以获取所述绕流脱体方位；所述感压元件(804)用于检测所述塔筒(100)外表面处的压力，根据所述压力的变化获取所述迎风面；
    所述控制器根据所述感温元件(802)获得的绕流脱体方位，以及所述风速传感器、风向传感器获得的绕流脱体方位，确定实际的绕流脱体方位；所述控制器根据所述感压元件(804)获得的迎风面，以及根据所述风向传感器获得的迎风面，确定实际的迎风面；
    所述控制器控制抽吸设备开启，同时开启与实际的迎风面以及实际的绕流脱体方位对应的所述电控阀(505)，关闭其余所述电控阀(505)。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的塔筒，其特征在于，仅在所述塔筒(100)的上部设置所述抽吸通孔(100a)。
  12. 如权利要求1-8、11任一项所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述抽吸设备的排气口(500b)位于所述塔筒(100)内的底部。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述抽吸设备包括环形的排气汇流母管(503)，所述抽吸设备抽吸的气流经所述排气汇流母管(503)排出；或，所述抽吸腔体与所述抽吸设备的抽吸口(500a)之间设有空气过滤段(703)；或，所述抽吸设备包括除湿机，以对从所述抽吸通孔(100a)处抽吸出的气流进行除湿。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的塔筒，其特征在于，所述抽吸设备能够对所述塔筒(100)至少迎风面处的所述抽吸通孔(100a)进行自外向内的抽吸。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的塔筒，其特征在于，设置所述抽吸通孔(100a)区域的底部等于或略低于所述塔筒(100)顶部叶片(400a)的最低点。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的塔筒，其特征在于，还设有角度测量传感器，以检测所述塔筒(100)顶部的叶片(400a)是否摆动至缩放空间；缩放空间为所述叶片(400a)经过所述塔筒(100)正前方时与所述塔筒(100)的外壁之间形成的空间。
  17. 抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，沿所述塔筒(100)周向设置贯通其周壁内外的抽吸通孔(100a)；对所述抽吸通孔(100a)进行自外向内的抽吸。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，对所述塔筒(100)迎风面处的所述抽吸通孔(100a)进行抽吸。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，检测所述塔筒(100)顶部的叶片(400a)是否摆动至缩放空间；缩放空间为所述叶片(400a)经过所述塔筒(100)正前方时与所述塔筒(100)的外壁之间形成的空间；
    所述叶片(400a)进入所述缩放空间时，对所述塔筒(100)迎风面处的所述抽吸通孔(100a)进行抽吸。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，上风向来流绕流塔筒(100)时形成绕流脱体，还抽吸绕流脱体方位所对应位置处的所述抽吸通孔(100a)。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，沿所述塔筒(100)周向检测其外表面处的边界层温度，以获取所述绕流脱体方位。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，检 测所述塔筒(100)所处环境的风速和风向，以获取所述绕流脱体方位，并与根据边界层温度获取的绕流脱体方位进行相互校验，确定实际的绕流脱体方位。
  23. 如权利要求18所述的抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，沿所述塔筒(100)周向检测其外表面处的压力，根据所述压力的变化获取所述迎风面。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，检测所述塔筒(100)所处环境的风向，以获取所述迎风面，并与根据所述压力的变化获取的迎风面进行相互校验，确定实际的迎风面；且根据所述压力变化反馈塔影效应的消除情况。
  25. 如权利要求17-24任一项所述的抑制塔筒塔影效应的方法，其特征在于，将抽吸的气流排出至所述塔筒(100)内的底部，所述气流能够向上浮升并推举所述塔筒(100)内部气流，在所述塔筒(100)顶部的导流罩(902)或轮毂内形成正压，以形成密封环境。
  26. 风力发电设备，包括塔筒(100)和位于所述塔筒(100)顶部的机舱(200)、发电机(300)以及叶轮(400)，其特征在于，所述塔筒(100)为权利要求1-16任一项所述的塔筒(100)。
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RU2762884C1 (ru) * 2021-03-10 2021-12-23 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный энергетический университет» Ветрогенератор
CN116084371A (zh) * 2023-02-02 2023-05-09 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种海上风电安装平台
CN116084371B (zh) * 2023-02-02 2024-05-24 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种海上风电安装平台
CN118049372A (zh) * 2024-04-16 2024-05-17 珠海凌达压缩机有限公司 涡旋盘组件、泵体结构和压缩机

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CN107387335A (zh) 2017-11-24
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AU2018250454B2 (en) 2020-02-27
ES2981735T3 (es) 2024-10-10
EP3477100A1 (en) 2019-05-01
AU2018250454A1 (en) 2019-03-28
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US20210231106A1 (en) 2021-07-29
CN107387335B (zh) 2018-10-23

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