WO2019054485A1 - 老化防止剤及び老化防止方法 - Google Patents
老化防止剤及び老化防止方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019054485A1 WO2019054485A1 PCT/JP2018/034195 JP2018034195W WO2019054485A1 WO 2019054485 A1 WO2019054485 A1 WO 2019054485A1 JP 2018034195 W JP2018034195 W JP 2018034195W WO 2019054485 A1 WO2019054485 A1 WO 2019054485A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/67—Vitamins
- A61K8/673—Vitamin B group
- A61K8/675—Vitamin B3 or vitamin B3 active, e.g. nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinyl aldehyde
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K8/606—Nucleosides; Nucleotides; Nucleic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/13—Nucleic acids or derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
- A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/007—Preparations for dry skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
- A23V2200/318—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health having an effect on skin health and hair or coat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
- A61K2800/522—Antioxidants; Radical scavengers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/78—Enzyme modulators, e.g. Enzyme agonists
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antiaging agent and a method for preventing aging.
- Anti-aging medicine covers a wide range of areas such as endocrine, metabolism, arteriosclerosis, nutrition, motor organs and sense organs, and it is not intended for the elderly only, but for people of all ages. The goal is to extend the amount of time that you can stay healthy with physical functions that are younger than your current age.
- aging is understood to be a phenomenon in which the number of cells decreases with age, and physical function, physiological function, and mental function decline.
- the physical change due to aging starts at about 40 years after reaching the mature stage, and there are wrinkles in the skin, loss of hair and teeth, loss of vision and hearing, loss of motor function, loss of bone mass, etc. Become.
- Aging is not a disease itself, but a decrease in physical function and physiological function increases the risk of so-called geriatric diseases such as arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, and cataract, and causes deterioration of physical function.
- geriatric diseases such as arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, and cataract
- telomere At the end of the chromosome that carries genetic information, and it works to copy and pass the genetic information correctly during cell division, but every time cell division occurs It is thought that telomere dysfunction occurs when it becomes shorter and to a certain extent, thereby reducing cell regeneration and degrading tissue function.
- DNA damage theory It is thought that DNA is damaged by stimulation of ultraviolet light, air pollutants, etc., and cell division occurs before the damage is repaired, resulting in the accumulation of damaged / deteriorated information, resulting in aging. ing. Although damaged DNA is routinely repaired, its aging rate decreases with age.
- Reactive oxygen theory A part of oxygen not used in vivo becomes active oxygen, and when cells are oxidized, oxidized cells can not function normally and as a result, it is thought that senescence progresses .
- the thymus is a central organ for T cells to differentiate and proliferate and develop an immune response, but is known to atrophy with age.
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA
- vitamin B B 6 , B 12 , folic acid
- lecithin choline, tryptophan
- vitamin A vitamin E
- vitamin C vitamin B
- pantothenic acid as a food ingredient to enhance immunity B 6 , B 12 , folic acid
- calcium protein, vitamin D, vitamin K as food components to increase bone mass
- carotenoids lycopene, lutein, vitamin A etc.
- astaxanthin as food components to remove active oxygen
- Polyphenols flavonoids, catechins, isoflavones, sesamin, curcumin etc.
- Vitamin E, vitamin C, and coenzyme Q, etc. are known.
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and the like are known as enzymes which scavenge active oxygen.
- Antiaging agents containing at least one selected from the group consisting of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and salts thereof have been reported (Patent Document 1).
- An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-aging agent and an anti-aging method which are effective for suppressing the progress of aging and restoring youthfulness and which are safe for long-term intake. .
- nicotinamide mononucleotide which is an intermediate metabolite involved in biosynthesis of coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), has an excellent anti-aging effect.
- coenzyme NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- the present invention is as follows.
- An anti-aging agent comprising nicotinamide mononucleotide as an active ingredient.
- the anti-aging agent according to [1] which is for improvement of skin aging symptoms, dry skin, skin spots, freckles, or rough skin.
- the anti-aging agent according to [1] which is for reducing active oxygen in a living body.
- a method for preventing aging (except for medical treatment for humans), which comprises feeding an effective amount of nicotinamide mononucleotide to a subject in need thereof.
- the present invention is safe because it has an excellent anti-aging effect and contains as an active ingredient nicotinamide mononucleotide which is an intermediate metabolite involved in the biosynthesis of NAD + in vivo. It can be taken over.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the transition of melatonin blood concentration throughout the subject upon oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide to the subject for 24 weeks. It is a figure showing transition of the melatonin blood concentration of a male subject at the time of orally administering a nicotinamide mononucleotide to a subject over 24 weeks.
- FIG. 16 shows changes in melatonin blood concentration in female subjects when nicotinamide mononucleotide was orally administered to subjects for 24 weeks.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the transition of melatonin blood concentration throughout the subject upon oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide to the subject for 24 weeks. It is a figure showing transition of the melatonin blood concentration of a male subject at the time of orally administering a nicotinamide mononucleotide to a subject over 24 weeks.
- FIG. 16 shows changes in melatonin blood concentration in
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the change rate (%) of melatonin blood concentration up to 24 weeks in the whole subject when nicotinamide mononucleotide is orally administered to the subject for 24 weeks.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the% change of male subjects up to 24 weeks when nicotinamide mononucleotide is orally administered to subjects for 24 weeks.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the% change of female subjects up to 24 weeks when nicotinamide mononucleotide is orally administered to subjects for 24 weeks.
- the antiaging agent according to the present invention contains nicotinamide mononucleotide as an active ingredient, and exerts an antiaging effect.
- "aging prevention” is a meaning widely including not only aging prevention in a narrow sense but also improvement of the aging phenomenon, aging delay, rejuvenation etc., physical function, physiological function, mental with aging. Prevention, amelioration, delay, rejuvenation, normalization, etc.
- nicotinamide mononucleotide As an active ingredient is currently under investigation, “sirtuin” represented by NAD + -dependent deacetylase Sirt1 and Sirt3 is One of the main reasons is considered to be that nicotinamide mononucleotides promote, and as a result, normalize glucose tolerance and hormone secretion systems such as growth hormone and cortisol.
- sirtuin represented by NAD + -dependent deacetylase Sirt1 and Sirt3 is One of the main reasons is considered to be that nicotinamide mononucleotides promote, and as a result, normalize glucose tolerance and hormone secretion systems such as growth hormone and cortisol.
- the present invention will be described in detail.
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide (chemical formula: C 11 H 15 N 2 O 8 P) is a compound represented by the following structural formula [Formula 1], which is produced in the body of many organisms including human. Generally called NMN (Nicotinamide mononucleotide), it is known as an intermediate metabolite involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme NAD + .
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide which is an active ingredient of the antiaging agent is, in vivo, an NAD metabolic pathway by liver tissue, that is, a pathway involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from quinolinate through the kynurenine pathway. It is produced.
- NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- FIG. Figure 1 is an explanatory view showing the metabolic pathways involved in niacin (generic name of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid) known as vitamin B 3.
- Nicotine acid ingested from the diet is taken up by the liver and converted to nicotinamide, which is delivered systemically via the bloodstream. Each cell takes in nicotinamide from blood, converts it to NAD and NADP, and uses it. Nicotinamide is also biosynthesized from tryptophan.
- tryptophan when tryptophan is used as a starting material in vivo, tryptophan is converted to quinolinic acid (QA) via the kynurenine pathway which is a tryptophan metabolic pathway, and is further converted to nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN).
- QA quinolinic acid
- NaMN nicotinic acid mononucleotide
- NaMN nicotinic acid
- NaMN nicotinic acid
- NaMN is then interconverted with NAD, nicotinamide (NaM), nicotinamide mononucleotide by the NAD cycle via nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD).
- Nicotinamide (NaM) is converted to nicotinamide mononucleotide by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and then nicotinamide mononucleotide is converted by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase (NMNAT) to produce NAD.
- nicotinamide mononucleotide is also produced from nicotinamide riboside (NR) which is an NAD intermediate metabolite.
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide for example, synthesizes nicotinamide riboside from nicotinamide and ribose (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 1135-1137 (2002)), and then, the 5-position hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety is It can be obtained by phosphorylation (see Chem. Comm., 1999, 729-730).
- nicotinamide and L-ribose tetraacetate are dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile, and an excess of trimethylsilyl trifluorosulfonic acid is added under a nitrogen stream, and then stirred at room temperature, and methanol is added.
- the reaction solution which has been quenched is applied to a column packed with activated carbon, washed with distilled water, and eluted with methanol to recover the product.
- nicotinamide mononucleotides are commercially available, and those commercially available products can be purchased and used.
- the nicotinamide mononucleotide is a purified product having a low content of impurities, in particular, the purity is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more. If the purity is less than 90%, an offensive odor may be generated, or the action of nicotinamide mononucleotide may be attenuated and the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the impurities include, as shown in FIG.
- metabolites other than nicotinamide mononucleotide involved in the NAD metabolic pathway particularly nicotinamide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
- the presence of contaminants such as the above-mentioned metabolites involved in the NAD metabolic pathway in the nicotinamide mononucleotide used in the present invention reduces the uptake of nicotinamide mononucleotide into living cells, etc. As a result, the effects of the present invention may be diminished.
- a test solution of dried nicotinamide mononucleotide powder is injected into an HPLC apparatus, the peak area of the obtained chromatograph is determined, and absolute calibration using a standard sample is performed.
- the line method is performed (vertical axis: peak area, horizontal axis: concentration).
- a trace amount of substance since it can be quantified accurately by using the peak height, it is appropriately selected according to the characteristics of the apparatus to be used.
- identification of the separated substance is performed by retention time.
- the antiaging agent according to the present invention is easily produced by using nicotinamide mononucleotide alone or by mixing other components.
- Other components are not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- B 6 , B 12 , folic acid examples of other ingredients are, as mentioned above, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), vitamin B group (B 6 , B 12 , folic acid), which are known as food ingredients to prevent brain aging.
- Lecithin, choline, tryptophan known as food component to enhance immunity, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin B group (pantothenic acid, B 6 , B 12 , folic acid), zinc; as a food component to increase bone mass
- Known calcium, protein, vitamin D, vitamin K known as food components for removing active oxygen, carotenoids (lycopene, lutein, vitamin A etc.), astaxanthin, polyphenols (flavonoids, catechins, isoflavones, sesamin, curcumin etc. ), Vitamin E, vitamin C, coenzyme Q etc.
- auxiliary ingredients commonly used in the food field such as various vitamins, trace elements, citric acid, malic acid, flavors, inorganic salts and the like may be included as other ingredients.
- resveratrol can be mentioned as another component that is particularly effective in enhancing the antiaging effect.
- Resveratrol is known as an antioxidant contained in grape skins, red wine, peanut skins, Japanese knotweed, gunemon and the like.
- Resveratrol includes trans and cis isomers, transosis isomer mixtures, dimers, resveratrol derivatives such as methylated resveratrol and the like.
- heat-stable trans isomers are used for health food and the like.
- resveratrol may be synthetically prepared as well as one prepared by extracting and purifying from any of the starting materials.
- resveratrol is 1 to 100 mass per daily intake of an adult. It is preferable to adjust the mixing ratio of nicotinamide mononucleotide to 1 to 25 parts by mass so as to be 1 part to 25 parts by mass.
- antiaging agent is mainly taken orally to prevent aging.
- anti-aging has a broad meaning including not only the prevention of aging in a narrow sense but also the improvement of the aging phenomenon, the delay of aging, rejuvenation etc. , Including the prevention, improvement, delay, rejuvenation, normalization, etc.
- skin aging symptoms wrinkleling, sagging, skin tension Loss, etc.
- dry skin due to aging decreased moisturizing of skin
- skin spots freckles, rough skin
- hormones Crowth hormone, thyroid hormone, adrenocortical hormone, sex hormone, prolactin, antidiuretic hormone, Parathyroid hormone, melatonin etc.
- the anti-aging agent according to the present invention is effective against skin aging symptoms, dry skin due to aging (decreased moisturizing property of skin), skin spots, freckles and rough skin.
- skin aging condition mainly refers to the generation of wrinkles and sags, loss of skin tension and the like due to the decrease in elasticity of the skin with age.
- the reason why the present invention prevents or ameliorates skin aging symptoms is that nicotinamide mononucleotide stimulates impaired skin metabolic function, promotes collagen formation, and reduces active oxygen as described later. It is possible to do it.
- the anti-aging agent according to the present invention can be used to moisturize the skin of the face, hands and the like, and to continuously improve the moisturizing property of the skin to improve dry skin.
- the application of the present invention increases the amount of water in the skin and improves the moisture retention of the skin, thereby improving the dryness, firmness, elasticity, flexibility, and the like of the skin.
- the reason why the present invention improves the skin's moisturizing property is thought to be that nicotinamide monofrucleotide influences the natural moisturizing factor and the increase in the production of interkeratinocyte lipids, and that it promotes the formation of hyaluronic acid.
- the anti-aging agent according to the present invention can be used to prevent the formation and deposition of melanin with age, and to obtain a whitening effect that prevents or ameliorates skin stains and freckles.
- a whitening effect that prevents or ameliorates skin stains and freckles.
- nicotinamide mononucleotide promotes the excretion of melanin.
- the anti-aging agent according to the present invention can be used to prevent and ameliorate skin deterioration associated with aging. It is more effective to appropriately blend an anti-inflammatory agent, a vitamin, a hormone, a plant extract, a bactericidal agent, an oil component and the like according to the cause of the rough skin.
- an anti-inflammatory agent a vitamin, a hormone, a plant extract, a bactericidal agent, an oil component and the like.
- the reason why the present invention provides a preventive and ameliorating effect on rough skin is considered that nicotinamide mononucleotide improves the sirtuin activity in skin tissue.
- the anti-aging agent according to the present invention includes some hormones (hormone whose secretion amount decreases mainly with age), specifically, for example, growth hormone, thyroid hormone, adrenocortical hormone, sex Improves secretion of one or more selected from hormones, prolactin, antidiuretic hormone, parathyroid hormone, and melatonin, rejuvenates the physiological actions provided by each of these hormones, and thereby exerts an antiaging effect Do. Therefore, the anti-aging agent according to the present invention can be used for improving secretion of these hormones.
- "improvement of hormone secretion” means promoting or suppressing the amount of hormone secretion to direct the amount of hormone secretion in an appropriate direction.
- Growth hormone is mainly a hormone secreted mainly from the hypothalamus of the hypothalamus, and it is secreted to a target organ to promote the growth of the organ tissue and to control metabolism. Also known as "rejuvenating hormone", age-related decline in basic secretion and reactivity. As a mechanism of this decrease, decrease of growth hormone secreting cells, decrease of production amount, decrease of responsiveness to growth hormone releasing hormone, increase sensitivity of growth hormone secreting cells to insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), hypothalamus Growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion and increased secretion of somatostatin are considered. In the case of adults, growth hormone is considered to play an important role in maintaining a sense of well being normally felt by healthy people. In addition, it is considered to exert effects such as improvement of memory ability, prevention of feeling of fatigue and feeling of depression, promotion of bone density, retention of reproductive function, enhancement of immune function, promotion of fat burning, and promotion of muscle growth.
- IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor
- Thyroid hormone is a hormone secreted from the thyroid, and two types, thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ), are known, and generally act on cells in the whole body to increase the rate of cell metabolism. It is known that aging decreases the function of the thyroid itself and also reduces the reactivity of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to thyroid hormone releasing hormone (TRH) and decreases the amount of triiodothyronine secreted. . Specifically, it is considered to exert effects such as improvement of skin's moisturizing ability, improvement of memory ability, prevention of tiredness and mood decline, prevention of middle-aged fat, prevention of cold, prevention of thinning hair, etc.
- TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
- TRH thyroid hormone releasing hormone
- the adrenocortical hormone is a hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex, and the adrenal cortex is divided into a globular zone, a bundle zone, and a reticular zone, from which a mineralocorticoid is produced and from the bundle zone a carbohydrate Corticoids are produced and the reticular bands produce adrenal androgens.
- Corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-stress, water and electrolyte regulation, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, anabolic activity, anabolic activity, blood coagulation promoting activity, pituitary inhibitory activity, etc. , Has many physiological effects.
- Androgen is a generic term for androgen, and the biological activity of adrenal androgen as androgen is weaker than testosterone secreted from testis.
- Sex hormones are roughly divided into male hormones mainly produced in the stromal cells of the testis and female hormones secreted from the ovaries. Androgens work to enhance so-called male characteristics. It peaks at the age of 20-30 years and then declines gradually. A representative androgen is testosterone. Androgens maintain bone and muscle strength, maintain sexual function, maintain vascular condition, prevent arteriosclerosis, and prevent metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, there are two types of female hormones: follicle hormone (estrogen) that produces kannity and progesterone that helps pregnancy.
- follicle hormone estrogen
- Prolactin is a hormone that is mainly secreted from the anterior pituitary, promoting mammary gland growth, milk production and secretion, gonad suppression, maintenance of luteal function, endometrial hyperplasia, water and electrolyte regulation, immune activation There is work such as action. Women's prolactin levels are said to decrease before and after menopause due to estrogen reduction.
- Antidiuretic hormone is a hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary, which acts on renal tubules to concentrate urine and store water in the body.
- the function of the kidneys declines with aging, the ability to concentrate urine decreases and a large amount of thin urine is produced, making it difficult to retain water in the body, but antidiuretic hormone works to prevent this situation.
- the secretion of antidiuretic hormone decreases, and as a result, urinary frequency, urine leakage, and nocturia frequently occur.
- Parathyroid hormone is a hormone secreted from the parathyroid gland, and together with calcitonin and vitamin D secreted from the thyroid gland, functions to keep the calcium concentration in blood and body fluid constant. With age, the absorption of calcium decreases, which in turn leads to a sustained hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone, which leads to an increase in bone resorption and bone turnover where osteoclasts destroy old bones. It is said that osteoporosis, which is one of the geriatric diseases, occurs as it causes an elevation.
- Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted from the pineal gland of the brain, also called “sleep hormone", and is related to the biological rhythms of living organisms, affects sleep awakening in humans, and acts to calm nerves at night, sleep The secretion is high at night, and there is a diurnal fluctuation that secretion stops on awakening. Melatonin is the most secreted in infancy, and decreases with age, and increases in melatonin at night become virtually absent at age 60 and older. Aging reduces the amount of melatonin secretion, resulting in shorter sleep time, causing sleep disorders, and in elderly people there is more sleep disorder.
- melatonin In addition to inducing sleep, melatonin promotes metabolism of cells by taking anti-oxidant action and takes fatigue, so it is considered to be effective in preventing aging, and it is one of the hormones that attract attention It is. Furthermore, melatonin acts as a biological response modifier that controls the nervous system and immune system by acting on various physiological active substances such as neurotransmitters, hormones, and cytokines to exert many biological functions. Regulating, which acts in the direction of anti-aging.
- the anti-aging agent according to the present invention reduces active oxygen (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxy radical) which is one of the causes of aging to protect cells from active oxygen, thereby contributing to the prevention of aging.
- active oxygen superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxy radical
- the antioxidant according to the present invention can be used for reducing active oxygen as an application.
- skin is likely to generate active oxygen when ultraviolet light strikes the skin, the reduction of active oxygen is considered to be one of the reasons for the skin anti-aging effect as described above.
- the antiaging agent according to the present invention reduces active oxygen, it exerts its action by activating Sirt1 etc. and enhancing the intracellular antioxidant function. Is considered.
- the manufacturing method of the said antiaging agent is not specifically limited, According to the form, the general manufacturing method used for manufacturing it may be selected suitably, and may be performed.
- the form is a powder, it can be manufactured by uniformly kneading nicotinamide mononucleotide and other components to be blended as needed.
- nicotinamide mononucleotide which is an active ingredient is marketed and can be obtained commercially.
- nicotinamide mononucleotide in recent years, a quality control system and mass production system of nicotinamide mononucleotide have been established.
- the antiaging agent according to the present invention can be used as a food or medicine.
- the antiaging agent can be provided as an antiaging food in the food field.
- the antiaging effect is exhibited continuously, which is particularly effective in preventing aging.
- the type of food to which the present invention is applied is not particularly limited, and in addition to general food, functional food, food for specified health use, dietary supplement, food additive, feed, care food, diet food, therapeutic food , Diet food etc. are targeted.
- confectionery (gum, candy, cookies, gummi, biscuits, cake, chocolate, Japanese confectionery, jelly, etc.), bread, noodles, processed products of rice and cereals (cereals, etc.), processed meat products, seafood, etc.
- the form of the food is not limited, and particularly in the case of functional food and food for specified health use, for example, powder, tablet, pill, granule, hard capsule, hard capsule, soft capsule, jelly, solution, It can be processed into a paste or the like and provided.
- the daily intake of nicotinamide mononucleotide contained in the food is: Usually, 1 mg to 500 mg, preferably 5 mg to 250 mg, more preferably 50 mg to 200 mg can be mentioned. If it is less than 1 mg, the effect of the present invention may not be obtained, while if it is more than 500 mg, the effect obtained is not particularly changed, which is economically disadvantageous.
- the compounding ratio of the nicotinamide mononucleotide in the said foodstuff can be suitably set within the range of 100% or less with respect to the foodstuff total weight.
- the food can be taken over a long period of time for the purpose of preventing aging since it is safe and no side effects are observed. It can be applied to not only elderly people but also young people.
- the anti-aging agent according to the present invention can be orally or parenterally administered as anti-aging medicine (including quasi-drugs) in the pharmaceutical field.
- the dosage form of the pharmaceutical is not particularly limited, for example, powders, tablets, sustained-release tablets, chewable tablets, effervescent tablets, troches, buccal tablets, sublingual tablets, capsules, fine granules, granules
- examples include orally administered preparations such as pills, dry syrups, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs, as well as injections, infusions, suppositories, external preparations and the like.
- oral administration preparations such as powders, tablets, capsules and the like are preferable in consideration of ease of administration, stability of the active ingredient and the like.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable known pharmaceutical additives suitable for the dosage form can be appropriately blended into the pharmaceutical preparation in consideration of physicochemical properties, biological properties and the like.
- pharmaceutical additives for example, excipients (lactose, starch, crystalline cellulose, sodium phosphate etc.), solvents (water, soybean oil, saline, non-aqueous solvents for injection etc.), binders ( Starch, gelatin, gum arabic, sodium alginate, carmellose sodium, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone etc., disintegrants (starch, carmellose sodium etc.), lubricants (talc, stearic acid Magnesium, calcium stearate, macrogol, sucrose fatty acid ester etc., coating agent (sucrose, HPC, shellac, gelatin, glycerin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- the dose of the pharmaceutical preparation varies depending on the age, body weight, symptoms, frequency of administration, etc. of the subject, but can not be defined uniformly, but the dose of the pharmaceutical preparation is nicotinamide mononucleotide administered per day for adults
- the amount of is usually 1 mg to 500 mg, preferably 5 mg to 250 mg, more preferably 50 mg to 200 mg. If it is less than 1 mg, the effect of the present invention may not be obtained, while if it is more than 500 mg, the effect obtained is not particularly changed, which is economically disadvantageous.
- the compounding ratio of the nicotinamide mononucleotide in the said pharmaceutical it can set suitably according to the dosage form, dosage amount, etc. of this pharmaceutical.
- the frequency of administration of the drug can be appropriately set according to the age, body weight, condition of the subject, dose of the drug per dose, and the like.
- One to three doses may be mentioned as an example of the number of daily doses of the pharmaceutical.
- the present invention is further characterized in that an effective amount of nicotinamide mononucleotide is ingested to a subject in need thereof.
- Provide prevention methods That is, it is a method for preventing aging of a subject to be ingested by ingesting the anti-aging agent according to the present invention.
- mammals such as humans, mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, cats, cattle, horses, pigs, monkeys and the like are preferable, and humans are particularly preferable.
- the intake amount of nicotinamide mononucleotide, the number of intakes per day, and the like are as described for the anti-aging agent.
- the anti-aging agent can be taken at any time and at any time, and can be taken by the subject for a long period of time.
- Example 1 Evaluation of melatonin secretion promoting effect by nicotinamide mononucleotide
- a test was conducted on healthy men and women of 50 to 70 years old.
- a capsule prepared by blending nicotinamide mononucleotide and starch (the amount of nicotinamide mononucleotide in 4 capsules is 100 mg (low dose) and 200 mg (high dose)) (manufactured by Emerging Japan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) It was.
- a low dose of the capsule was taken once a day for 4 weeks for 5 weeks for each healthy male and female without bias in the age group of 50 to 70 years (total 10 people: low dose group: 100 mg / day) Daily intake).
- total 10 people: low dose group: 100 mg / day) Daily intake On the other hand, 4 healthy and non-biased healthy men and women of 50 to 70 years old received 4 capsules of the high dose once a day for 24 weeks (total 10 people: high dose group: 200 mg / day intake).
- Those who regularly use drugs for chronic diseases those who take health foods that may affect clinical research, and who are currently participating in other clinical research and clinical trials, in order to conduct appropriate evaluations. Those who participated or who participated in other clinical research / trials within the past three months were excluded from the evaluation subjects.
- FIGS. 2a-c The transition of melatonin concentration (pg / ml) in plasma over 24 weeks is shown in FIGS. 2a-c.
- FIG. 2 a shows the transition of the whole subject
- FIG. 2 b shows the transition of the male subject
- FIG. 2 c shows the transition of the female subject.
- the% change in melatonin blood concentration up to 24 weeks upon oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide to the subject over 24 weeks is shown in FIGS. 3 a-c.
- FIG. 3 a-c the% change in melatonin blood concentration up to 24 weeks upon oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide to the subject over 24 weeks is shown in FIGS. 3 a-c.
- FIG. 3 a shows the rate of change of the whole subject
- FIG. 3 b shows the rate of change of the male subject
- FIG. 3 c shows the rate of change of the female subject.
- numerical values of plasma melatonin concentration (pg / ml) before nicotinamide mononucleotide intake (week 0) and after nicotinamide mononucleotide intake (24 week) are shown in Table 1.
- the said numerical value represents an average value +/- standard deviation.
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Abstract
Description
1)遺伝子プログラム説
遺伝情報を担っている染色体の末端にテロメアと呼ばれる部位があり、これは、細胞分裂の際、遺伝情報を正しくコピーして受け渡す働きをしているが、細胞分裂するたびに短くなっていき、ある程度まで短くなるとテロメア機能不全が起こり、それにより細胞の再生が低下して組織の機能が衰えると考えられている。すなわち、テロメアによって細胞分裂の回数は制限されており、細胞分裂ができなくなると必然的に生体の活性は失われ、老化を招くことになる。
2)DNA損傷説
DNAが紫外線、大気汚染物質等の刺激により損傷し、その損傷が修復される前に細胞分裂して、損傷・劣化した情報が蓄積された結果、老化がもたらされると考えられている。なお、損傷したDNAは定常的に修復されるが、年齢を重ねることにより、その修復速度は低下するようになる。
3)活性酸素説
生体内で使用されなかった一部の酸素が活性酸素となり、細胞を酸化させると、酸化された細胞が正常な働きができなくなり、その結果、老化が進行すると考えられている。活性酸素を発生しやすくする原因としては、紫外線に当たること、ストレス、喫煙や大気汚染の環境、脂質の多い食事や添加物の多い食生活等が指摘されている。
4)ホルモン説
年齢に比例して特定のホルモン、例えば、代謝のコントロールに関係する「成長ホルモン」、睡眠に関係する「メラトニン」、男女それぞれの生殖に関係する「性ホルモン」等の分泌が低下して、それらのホルモンによる生理的機能が失われる結果、老化が進行すると考えられている。
5)免疫機能説
加齢とともに、外来病原体に対する免疫機能が低下したり、過剰な炎症反応傾向が出現したりすることで、新陳代謝や細胞の再生が衰え、老化を加速化すると考えられている。なお、加齢により免疫機能が低下する理由については胸腺の萎縮との関係性が指摘されている。胸腺はT細胞が分化・増殖し、免疫反応発現の中心的器官であるが、加齢により萎縮することが知られている。
[1]ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドを有効成分とする老化防止剤。
[2]皮膚の老化症状、乾燥肌、皮膚のしみ、そばかす、又は肌荒れの改善用である、[1]に記載の老化防止剤。
[3]ホルモン分泌の改善用である、[1]に記載の老化防止剤。
[4]ホルモンが、成長ホルモン、甲状腺ホルモン、副腎皮質ホルモン、性ホルモン、プロラクチン、抗利尿ホルモン、副甲状腺ホルモン、及びメラトニンから選ばれる1種又は2種以上である、[3]に記載の老化防止剤。
[5]生体内の活性酸素の低減用である、[1]に記載の老化防止剤。
[6]老化防止剤が、老化防止用の食品である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の老化防止剤。
[7]老化防止剤が、老化防止用の医薬品である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の老化防止剤。
[8]ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドの有効量を、それを必要とする対象に摂取させることを特徴とする、老化防止方法(ヒトに対する医療行為を除く)。
ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドを有効成分とすることによって、そのような作用効果が得られる詳細な理由は現在検討中であるが、NAD+依存性脱アセチル化酵素Sirt1、Sirt3に代表される「サーチュイン」をニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドが促進し、その結果、耐糖能や、成長ホルモン、コルチゾール等のホルモン分泌系を正常化することが主たる理由の1つとして考えられる。以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
1.ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドによるメラトニン分泌促進効果の評価
ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドの摂取前後におけるメラトニン量の変化を確認するため、50~70歳の健康な男女を対象に試験を行った。
実施例1のサンプルとして、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドと澱粉を配合したカプセル剤(4カプセル中のニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチド量が100mg(低用量)と200mg(高用量))(新興和製薬社製)を用いた。
50~70歳の年齢層に偏りがない健康な男女各5名に低用量の前記カプセル剤を1日1回4カプセルずつ、24週間にわたって摂取させた(全体10名。低用量群:100mg/日摂取)。一方、50~70歳の年齢層に偏りがない健康な男女各5名に高用量の前記カプセル剤を1日1回4カプセルずつ、24週間にわたって摂取させた(全体10名。高用量群:200mg/日摂取)。適正な評価を行うため、慢性疾患のために医薬品を常用している者、臨床研究に影響する可能性のある健康食品を摂取している者、及び現在他の臨床研究・治験に参加している者、あるいは過去3ヶ月以内に他の他の臨床研究・治験に参加した者は評価の対象者から除外した。前記カプセル剤は、水又はぬるま湯と共に午前10時(食間・空腹時)に摂取させた(経口投与)。
血漿中のメラトニン量測定は、外部公的機関に依頼して定法にしたがって測定した。24週にわたる血漿中のメラトニン濃度(pg/ml)の推移を図2a~cに示す。図2aは対象者全体の推移、図2bは男性対象者の推移、図2cは女性対象者の推移を表す。また、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドを対象者に24週にわたって経口投与した際の24週までのメラトニン血中濃度の変化率(%)を図3a~cに示す。図3aは対象者全体の変化率、図3bは男性対象者の変化率、図3cは女性対象者の変化率を表す。さらに、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチド摂取前(0週)、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチド摂取後(24週)における血漿中のメラトニン濃度(pg/ml)の数値を表1に示す。なお、該数値は平均値±標準偏差を表す。
図2a~c、3a~cに示す結果からわかるように、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチド摂取により血漿中のメラトニン濃度が高い変化率で上昇した。また、表1に示すように、全体として低用量群、高用量群のいずれにおいても、摂取前と比較して有意差が認められた(p<0.05)。
以上の結果から、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドを中高年の男女に対して経口投与することによるメラトニン分泌促進作用が確認され、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドが老化防止に有効であることが明らかとなった。
また、前記評価の対象者は24週にわたる摂取を行っても腹痛・悪心・嘔吐、頭痛などの不定愁訴や便通異常は全く認められず、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドの安全性が確認された。
Claims (8)
- ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドを有効成分とする老化防止剤。
- 皮膚の老化症状、乾燥肌、皮膚のしみ、そばかす、又は肌荒れの改善用である、請求項1に記載の老化防止剤。
- ホルモン分泌の改善用である、請求項1に記載の老化防止剤。
- ホルモンが、成長ホルモン、甲状腺ホルモン、副腎皮質ホルモン、性ホルモン、プロラクチン、抗利尿ホルモン、副甲状腺ホルモン、及びメラトニンから選ばれる1種又は2種以上である、請求項3に記載の老化防止剤。
- 生体内の活性酸素の低減用である、請求項1に記載の老化防止剤。
- 老化防止剤が、老化防止用の食品である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の老化防止剤。
- 老化防止剤が、老化防止用の医薬品である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の老化防止剤。
- ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドの有効量を、それを必要とする対象に摂取させることを特徴とする、老化防止方法(ヒトに対する医療行為を除く)。
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| US16/646,578 US11219590B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | Anti-aging agent and anti-aging method |
| EP18855253.3A EP3682746A4 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | AGING PROTECTION AGENTS AND AGING PROTECTION PROCEDURES |
| KR1020207010855A KR102852384B1 (ko) | 2017-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | 노화 방지제 및 노화 방지 방법 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111093397A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
| US20200268632A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
| EP3682746A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
| KR102852384B1 (ko) | 2025-09-01 |
| JPWO2019054485A1 (ja) | 2020-10-15 |
| JP7210459B2 (ja) | 2023-01-23 |
| KR20200053580A (ko) | 2020-05-18 |
| US11219590B2 (en) | 2022-01-11 |
| EP3682746A4 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
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