WO2019057026A1 - 继电器及使用该继电器的动力电池电路 - Google Patents

继电器及使用该继电器的动力电池电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019057026A1
WO2019057026A1 PCT/CN2018/106151 CN2018106151W WO2019057026A1 WO 2019057026 A1 WO2019057026 A1 WO 2019057026A1 CN 2018106151 W CN2018106151 W CN 2018106151W WO 2019057026 A1 WO2019057026 A1 WO 2019057026A1
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Prior art keywords
armature
high voltage
relay
secondary coil
coil
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/106151
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孔志杰
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WM Smart Mobility Shanghai Co Ltd
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WM Smart Mobility Shanghai Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by WM Smart Mobility Shanghai Co Ltd filed Critical WM Smart Mobility Shanghai Co Ltd
Priority to EP18859473.3A priority Critical patent/EP3686912A4/en
Priority to US16/649,077 priority patent/US11211217B2/en
Priority to JP2020516615A priority patent/JP6891343B2/ja
Priority to KR1020207011410A priority patent/KR102414628B1/ko
Publication of WO2019057026A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019057026A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric power design, and more particularly to a relay for a high voltage circuit and a power battery circuit using the same.
  • a relay for a high voltage circuit the switch of which is driven by a low voltage source, the relay comprising:
  • the coil current of the primary coil being powered by the low voltage source, the first armature being located in the high voltage loop, corresponding to the power loss and power generation of the primary coil In a position to open and close the high voltage circuit,
  • a secondary coil mated with the first armature and a drive circuit for powering the secondary coil, the drive loop being powered by a high voltage source of the high voltage loop, the secondary coil being energized when the drive loop is closed to cause the first armature to be placed Additional electromagnetic force in the closed position, and
  • first armature and the second armature are linked structures.
  • the number of turns of the secondary coil is designed such that the additional electromagnetic force generated by the secondary coil on the first armature is less than the total restoring force of the first armature and the second armature.
  • the number of turns of the secondary coil is designed such that the additional electromagnetic force generated by the secondary coil for the first armature is greater than the additional restoring force due to the second armature.
  • the primary coil provides an electromagnetic force greater than a total restoring force of the first armature and the second armature at least when the low voltage source is at a nominal value.
  • the axis of the secondary coil is aligned with the first armature and is located adjacent the first armature to maximize the magnetic field density at the first armature when the secondary coil is energized.
  • the coil winding of the secondary coil is designed such that when the high voltage source is charged and discharged, the additional electromagnetic force generated by the secondary coil on the first armature is such that the first armature is in the closed position. In the direction.
  • the low voltage source is a 12V voltage source.
  • a power battery circuit comprising:
  • the inverter is connected to the high voltage battery pack through a high voltage circuit for converting the direct current power of the high voltage battery pack into alternating current power.
  • the high voltage circuit is provided with the above-mentioned relay for controlling the on and off of the power battery circuit, and the high voltage battery pack is used as the high voltage source in the relay.
  • the power battery circuit is used in an electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows an on-off schematic diagram of a high voltage circuit in a conventional power battery circuit
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a relay according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the installation of a secondary coil according to an embodiment
  • Figure 4a is a diagram showing the relationship between the direction of the first armature and the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field force during charging;
  • Figure 4b shows a diagram of the relationship between the first armature and the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field force during discharge.
  • the main components of the relay include an armature 101 and a coil 102 (including a core), and the electromagnetic force between the armature 101 and the coil 102 is used to achieve continuity.
  • the armature 101 is held in the open position by the restoring force (e.g., generated by a spring), i.e., the moving contact on the armature is separated from the stationary contact on the high voltage bus.
  • the armature When the armature is in the closed position, the armature must be subjected to an electromagnetic force greater than the restoring force to remain in the closed position.
  • the electromagnetic force is affected by the magnitude of the coil current.
  • the coil is powered by a low voltage source (eg, 12V voltage).
  • a low voltage source eg, 12V voltage
  • many accessories in electric vehicles such as air conditioner compressors, steering assist, cooling fans, lighting, wipers, etc., are powered by the same 12V voltage source.
  • the operating state of these electronic devices causes the 12V voltage source to be unstable. Easy to fluctuate.
  • the fluctuation of the 12V voltage source affects the change of the coil current, which in turn affects the stability of the electromagnetic force.
  • an additional coil by introducing an additional coil, additional electromagnetic force is provided to keep the relay closed when the relay is closed.
  • the additional coil utilizes a high voltage electrical system as an energy source to provide sufficient energy to maintain a closed relay, while still using a low voltage source as a starting power source for safety reasons and ease of integration with existing systems, using the low voltage source As an instruction to disconnect the relay.
  • This solution isolates the low-voltage part of the relay and the high-voltage maintenance part.
  • the high-voltage part is only used as the closing force.
  • the switch of the relay is still controlled by the low-voltage part, which ensures the function of disconnecting the relay in case of accident.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a relay 200 in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. Note that FIG. 2 is only a schematic structural view, and the relative positions between the components in the drawings do not necessarily reflect the positional relationship between the actual components.
  • the function of the relay 200 is to control the on and off of the high voltage circuit 231, and its switch is driven by a low voltage source.
  • the relay 200 includes a main coil 211 and a first armature 212 that mates with the main coil 211.
  • the first armature 212 is located in the high voltage circuit 231.
  • the electromagnetic force generated causes the first armature 212 to move to the closed position against the restoring force, that is, the static contact on the first armature 212 and the static line on the high voltage bus.
  • the contacts are closed.
  • the main coil 211 is de-energized, the electromagnetic force is lost, so that the first armature 212 returns to the off position due to the restoring force, that is, the movable contact on the first armature 212 is separated from the static contact on the high voltage bus.
  • the coil of the primary coil 211 is powered by the low voltage source.
  • the electromagnetic force for maintaining the closing of the first armature 212 fluctuates due to the voltage fluctuation of the low voltage source, causing the first armature 212 to be disconnected. risk.
  • a secondary coil 221 that cooperates with the first armature 212 is specifically designed for the relay 200 for providing additional electromagnetic force to the first armature 212 when the first armature 212 is in the closed position.
  • secondary coil 221 is powered by a high voltage source via drive circuit 232.
  • a second armature 222 is designed in the drive circuit 232, and the on and off of the drive circuit 232 is controlled by a second armature 222 that cooperates with the main coil 211.
  • the generated electromagnetic force causes the second armature 222 to move to the closed position against the restoring force, ie, the movable contact on the second armature 222 and the stationary contact on the drive circuit are closed.
  • the main coil 211 is de-energized, the electromagnetic force is lost, so that the second armature 222 returns to the off position due to the restoring force, that is, the movable contact on the second armature 212 is separated from the static contact on the drive circuit.
  • first armature 212 and the second armature 222 can be linkages, ie, both are synchronized.
  • the first armature 212 and the second armature 222 can be fixed to the same bracket, thereby achieving simultaneous linkage of the two. In this way, the first armature 212 and the second armature 222 can be synchronized to open or close.
  • the secondary coil 221 is energized, thereby generating additional electromagnetic force to maintain the first armature in addition to the electromagnetic force generated by the primary coil 211 on the first armature 222. 212 is in the closed position.
  • the powering and de-energizing of the secondary coil 221 is still controlled by the low voltage source, that is, when the low voltage source supplies power to the primary coil 211 to close the first armature 212, the closing of the second armature 222 also causes the secondary coil 221 to be powered. Additional auxiliary electromagnetic forces are provided to keep the first armature 212 closed.
  • the disconnection of the second armature 222 also causes the secondary coil 221 to lose power, so that the first armature 212 can be normally broken. open.
  • an additional restoring force may also be generated.
  • the number of turns of the secondary coil 221 may be designed such that the secondary coil 221 is The electromagnetic force generated when power is generated is greater than the restoring force that is increased by the addition of the second armature 222.
  • the electromagnetic force provided for the primary coil 211 when the low pressure source is at least at a nominal value needs to be greater than the total restoring force of the first armature 212 and the second armature 222.
  • the electromagnetic force generated when the secondary coil 221 is energized is too large, the electromagnetic force of the secondary coil 211 may be generated when the primary coil 211 is de-energized.
  • the first armature 212 and the second armature 222 are kept closed, thereby losing the switching control of the low voltage source to the relay.
  • the number of turns of the secondary coil 221 can be designed such that the electromagnetic force generated when the secondary coil 221 is energized is smaller than the total restoring force of the first armature 212 and the second armature 222, thereby ensuring that the main coil 211 is de-energized.
  • the first armature 212 and the second armature 222 can be disconnected to serve the purpose of disconnecting the relay 200.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the installation of the secondary coil.
  • the left side of the broken line in Fig. 3 is a front view of the mounting structure of the secondary coil 221 and the first armature 212, and the right side of the broken line is a side view.
  • the axis of the secondary coil 221 is aligned with the first armature 212 such that the center of the magnetic flux generated by the secondary coil 221 when it is energized passes through the first armature 212, maximizing the electromagnetic force.
  • the secondary coil 221 is placed in the vicinity of the first armature 212.
  • the axial distance a of the first armature 212 and the secondary coil 221 in the side view of FIG. 3 can be as small as possible to utilize the magnetic field generated by the secondary coil 221 as much as possible. , increasing the magnetic field density at the first armature 212.
  • the current flowing through the first armature 212 is directed to the right, and the direction of the magnetic field line generated by the current direction of the secondary coil 221 is in the vertical direction of the front side of the paper.
  • the Lorentz generated can be known.
  • the force up is exactly the direction in which the first armature 212 is closed.
  • the relay 200 may be used in a power battery circuit in a pure electric vehicle, as shown in FIG.
  • the current in the high voltage circuit has different current directions when the high voltage battery pack is charged and discharged.
  • the winding direction of the secondary coil 221 is designed to be a high voltage source.
  • the additional electromagnetic force generated by the secondary coil 221 to the first armature 212 is such that the first armature 212 is placed. In the direction of the closed position.
  • Figure 4a shows a diagram of the relationship between the first armature and the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field force during charging.
  • Figure 4b shows a diagram of the relationship between the first armature and the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field force during discharge.
  • the coil winding direction of the secondary coil 221 can be designed such that the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current supplied from the high voltage source through the driving circuit 232 is With the vertical paper facing inward, the magnetic field force generated according to the left hand theorem is directed upward to close the first armature 212.
  • the present invention by supplying power to the secondary coil 221 by using the same high-voltage source, it is possible to ensure that the Lorentz force received by the first armature is in the winding mode of the specific secondary coil 221, regardless of whether the high-voltage source is discharged or charged. Conducive to the closure of the relay. This is in line with the need for charging and discharging scenarios in power battery circuits that require charging and discharging.
  • the present invention also provides a power battery circuit including the above relay, wherein the high voltage battery pack is the above high voltage source.
  • a power battery circuit can be used in an electric vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于高压回路的继电器，该继电器的开关由低压源驱动，该继电器包括主线圈和与该主线圈配合的第一衔铁，该主线圈的线圈电流由该低电压源供电，该第一衔铁位于该高压回路中，响应于该主线圈的失电和得电而相应地处于使该高压回路断开和闭合的位置，与该第一衔铁配合的副线圈和为该副线圈供电的驱动回路，该驱动回路由该高压回路的高压源供电，该副线圈在该驱动回路闭合时得电从而产生使该第一衔铁处于闭合位置的附加电磁力，以及与该主线圈配合的第二衔铁，该第二衔铁位于该驱动回路中，响应于该主线圈的失电和得电而相应地处于使该驱动回路断开或闭合的位置。本发明还提供了一种使用该继电器的动力电池电路。

Description

继电器及使用该继电器的动力电池电路 技术领域
本发明涉及电力电气设计领域，尤其涉及一种用于高压回路的继电器以及使用该继电器的动力电池电路。
背景技术
目前市场上大多数纯电动汽车，使用的动力电池继电器都是由低压12V系统驱动的。基本原理是，在蓄电池的高压回路里，串/并联上继电器和预充电阻，来实现高压的上下电，电路图如图1所示。
如图所示，在整个系统中，三个继电器由低压电源驱动，一般为车载的12V供电。此系统存在的一个重大问题，就是无法应对低压供电电压的波动。
电动汽车的诸多附件都是由12V低压提供电源的，比如空调压缩机，转向助力，冷却风扇，照明，雨刮等。这些用电器的工作状态经常处在动态变化中，导致对12V低压电源的需求不稳定，在某些极端工况下可能造成电压的陡降。这种电压陡降一旦降到某一阀值之下，高压回路的继电器由于提供的能量无法维持继电器闭合，就会被迫打开继电器造成高压回路断路。这种情况无疑会对驾驶的安全造成重大影响。
因此，本领域需要一种改进的继电器方案，以克服低压源的电压波动对高压继电器状态的影响。
发明内容
以下给出一个或多个方面的简要概述以提供对这些方面的基本理解。此概述不是所有构想到的方面的详尽综览，并且既非旨在指认出所有方面的关键性或决定性要素亦非试图界定任何或所有方面的范围。其唯一的目的是要以简化形式给出一个或多个方面的一些概念以为稍后给出的更加详细的描述之序。
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种用于高压回路的继电器，该继电器的开关由低压源驱动，该继电器包括：
主线圈和与该主线圈配合的第一衔铁，该主线圈的线圈电流由该低电压源供电，该第一衔铁位于该高压回路中，响应于该主线圈的失电和得电而相应地处于使该高压回路断开和闭合的位置，
与该第一衔铁配合的副线圈和为该副线圈供电的驱动回路，该驱动回路由该高压回路的高压源供电，该副线圈在该驱动回路闭合时得电从而产生使该第一衔铁处于闭合位置的附加电磁力，以及
与该主线圈配合的第二衔铁，该第二衔铁位于该驱动回路中，响应于该主线圈的失电和得电而相应地处于使该驱动回路断开或闭合的位置。
在一实例中，该第一衔铁和该第二衔铁为联动结构。
在一实例中，该副线圈的线圈匝数被设计为使得该副线圈产生的对该第一衔铁的该附加电磁力小于该第一衔铁和该第二衔铁的总回复力。
在一实例中，该副线圈的线圈匝数被设计为使得该副线圈产生的对该第一衔铁的该附加电磁力大于由于该第二衔铁而引起的附加回复力。
在一实例中，该主线圈至少在该低压源处于标称值时提供的电磁力大于该第一衔铁和该第二衔铁的总回复力。
在一实例中，该副线圈的轴线与该第一衔铁对准且位于该第一衔铁近旁以使该副线圈得电时在该第一衔铁处的磁场密度最大化。
在一实例中，该副线圈的线圈缠绕走向被设计为该高压源在充电和放电时，该副线圈产生的对该第一衔铁的该附加电磁力皆处在使该第一衔铁处于闭合位置的方向上。
在一实例中，该低压源为12V电压源。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种动力电池电路，包括：
高压电池组；以及
逆变器，通过高压回路与该高压电池组相连，用于将该高压电池组的直流电转换为交流电，
该高压回路中设有上述的继电器，用于控制该动力电池电路的通断，该高压电池组用作该继电器中的该高压源。
在一实例中，该动力电池电路用于电动汽车中。
附图说明
在结合以下附图阅读本公开的实施例的详细描述之后，能够更好地理解本发明的上述特征和优点。在附图中，各组件不一定是按比例绘制，并且具有类似的相关特性或特征的组件可能具有相同或相近的附图标记。
图1示出了常规动力电池电路中的高压回路的通断示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明的一方面的继电器的结构示意图；
图3示出了根据一实施例的副线圈的安装示意图；
图4a示出了充电时第一衔铁和磁场方向以及磁场力方向之间的关系图；以及
图4b示出了放电时第一衔铁和磁场方向以及磁场力方向之间的关系图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作详细描述。注意，以下结合附图和具体实施例描述的诸方面仅是示例性的，而不应被理解为对本发明的保护范围进行任何限制。
如图1所示，继电器的主要构件包括衔铁101和线圈102(内含铁芯)，并 利用衔铁101与线圈102之间的电磁力实现通断。详言之，当线圈中没有电流时，衔铁101在回复力(例如由弹簧产生)的作用下保持在断开位置，即衔铁上的动触点与高压母线上的静触点分开。
当线圈两端加上一定的电压，线圈中就会流过一定的电流，从而产生电磁效应，衔铁101就会在电磁力的作用下克服回复力而移动至闭合位置，即带动衔铁上的动触点与高压母线上的静触点吸合。
当线圈再次断电后，电磁力也随之消失，衔铁101就会在回复力的作用下返回原来的位置，使动触点与高压母线上的静触点释放。这样吸合、释放，从而达到了在电路中的导通、切断的目的。
在衔铁处于闭合位置时，衔铁受到的电磁力必需大于回复力才能保持在闭合位置。电磁力受到线圈电流的大小影响。如前所述，在纯电动汽车的动力电池电路中，线圈由低压源(例如，12V电压)供电。而同时电动汽车中许多附件诸如空调压缩机，转向助力，冷却风扇，照明，雨刮等皆由该同样的12V电压源供电，这些电子器件的工作状态的变化导致该12V电压源极不稳定，容易波动。12V电压源的波动影响到线圈电流的变化，进而影响到电磁力的稳定。当该低压源的电压陡降到某一阀值之下时，高压回路的继电器由于提供的能量无法提供足够的电磁力以维持继电器闭合，就会被迫打开继电器造成高压回路断路，从而对安全驾驶造成影响。
在本发明中，通过引入附加线圈，在继电器闭合时提供额外的电磁力以保持继电器闭合。该附加线圈利用高压电系统作为能量源以提供足以维持闭合继电器所需要的能量，同时出于安全性能和与现有系统整合便利性的考虑，依旧使用低压源作为启动电源，使用该低压源作为断开继电器的指令。此方案隔绝了继电器低压部分和高压维持部分，高压部分仅作为闭合力增强的，继电器的开关仍然由低压部分控制，确保了意外情况下，断开继电器的功能。
图2示出了根据本发明的一方面的继电器200的结构示意图。注意，图2示出的仅是结构示意图，图中的各部件之间的相对位置并不一定反应真实的部件之间的位置关系。
继电器200的作用是控制高压回路231的通断，其开关由低压源驱动。如图2所示，继电器200包括主线圈211和与主线圈211配合的第一衔铁212。
第一衔铁212位于高压回路231中，当主线圈211得电时产生的电磁力使得第一衔铁212克服回复力移动至闭合位置，即带动第一衔铁212上的动触点与高压母线上的静触点闭合。当主线圈211失电时电磁力消逝使得第一衔铁212由于回复力返回至断开位置，即带动第一衔铁212上的动触点与高压母线上的静触点分开。
如前所述，主线圈211的线圈由低压源供电，在闭合状态下，由于低压源的电压波动使得用于维持第一衔铁212闭合的电磁力产生波动，导致第一衔铁212 有断开的风险。
为此，为继电器200特别设计了与第一衔铁212配合的副线圈221以用于在第一衔铁212处于闭合位置时为第一衔铁212提供额外的电磁力。
特别地副线圈221通过驱动回路232由高压源供电。驱动回路232中设计有第二衔铁222，驱动回路232的通断由与主线圈211配合的第二衔铁222控制。
当主线圈211得电时，产生的电磁力使得第二衔铁222克服回复力移动至闭合位置，即带动第二衔铁222上的动触点与驱动回路上的静触点闭合。当主线圈211失电时电磁力消逝使得第二衔铁222由于回复力返回至断开位置，即带动第二衔铁212上的动触点与驱动回路上的静触点分开。
特别地，第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222可为联动机构，即两者是同步运动的。例如，第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222可固定在同一支架上，由此实现两者的同步联动。以此方式，能够使得第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222是同步断开或闭合的。
在驱动回路232中的第一衔铁222处于闭合位置时，副线圈221得电，由此在主线圈211产生的对第一衔铁222的电磁力之外，产生额外的电磁力以保持第一衔铁212处于闭合位置。
在本发明中，由于副线圈221的电流来自于高压源供电，因此能够产生足够的电磁力以维持第一衔铁212的闭合。此外，副线圈221的得电和失电仍然是通过低压源控制的，即当低压源给主线圈211供电以闭合第一衔铁212时，第二衔铁222的闭合也使得副线圈221得电从而提供辅助的额外电磁力以保持第一衔铁212闭合。另一方面，当希望断开第一衔铁212时，只要低压源给主线圈211断电，此时由于第二衔铁222的断开也让副线圈221失电从而使得第一衔铁212能正常断开。
一般地，在增加第二衔铁222之后，也可能会产生额外的回复力。在第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222为联动结构情况下，为了增强第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222在闭合状态下的闭合能力，可以将副线圈221的匝数设计成使得副线圈221在得电时产生的电磁力大于由于增加第二衔铁222所增加的回复力。
当然，在增加第二衔铁222之后由于可能产生额外的回复力，但在继电器200在断开时，副线圈221却不能提供电磁力，所以在第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222为联动结构情况下，为了主线圈211在低压源至少处于标称值时提供的电磁力需要大于第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222的总回复力。
此外，在第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222为联动结构情况下，如果副线圈221在得电时产生的电磁力过大，则在主线圈211失电时可能会由于副线圈211的电磁力而使得第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222保持闭合，从而失去低压源对于继电器的开关控制。为此，可将副线圈221的匝数设计成使得副线圈221在得电时产生的电磁力小于第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222的总回复力，由此确保在主线圈211失电时，第一衔铁212和第二衔铁222能够断开，从而起到断开继电器200的目 的。
图3示出了副线圈的安装示意图。图3中虚线的左侧是副线圈221和第一衔铁212的安装结构的正视图，虚线的右侧是侧视图。
如图3所示，副线圈221的轴线与第一衔铁212对准，这样使得副线圈221在得电时产生的磁力线中心正好穿过第一衔铁212，可以使电磁力最大。同时，使副线圈221位于第一衔铁212近旁，例如如图3的侧视图中第一衔铁212和副线圈221的轴线距离a可尽可能地小，以尽可能大地利用副线圈221产生的磁场，提高第一衔铁212处的磁场密度。
以图3中的电流方向为例，第一衔铁212上流过的电流向右，副线圈221的电流方向产生的磁力线方向在正视图中垂直纸面向里，根据左手定理可以知道产生的洛伦兹力向上正好是使第一衔铁212闭合的方向。
此外，如前所述，继电器200可能是用在纯电动汽车中的动力电池电路中，如图1中所示。在这样的动力电池电路中，高压回路中的电流在高压电池组充电和放电时，具有不同的电流方向。
在此情况下，在本发明中，副线圈221的线圈缠绕走向被设计为高压源在充电和放电时，副线圈221产生的对第一衔铁212的附加电磁力皆处在使第一衔铁212处于闭合位置的方向上。
图4a示出了充电时第一衔铁和磁场方向以及磁场力方向之间的关系图。图4b示出了放电时第一衔铁和磁场方向以及磁场力方向之间的关系图。
如图4a所示，假设高压源在充电时，高压母线中电流方向向右，此时，可将副线圈221的线圈缠绕走向设计成使得高压源通过驱动回路232提供的电流产生的磁场方向为垂直纸面向里，则根据左手定理产生的磁场力方向向上以使第一衔铁212闭合。
在此设计下，假设高压源放电，此时高压母线中的电流方向改为向左，同时，同样由高压源供电的驱动回路232中的电流方向也发生变化，从而使副线圈221中的电流也反向，进而使最终的磁场方向改为垂直纸面向外，此时根据左手定理产生的磁场力方向仍然向上以使第一衔铁212闭合。
在本发明中，通过利用同样的高压源为副线圈221供电，使得在特定的副线圈221缠绕方式下，不论是高压源放电还是充电，都能够确保第一衔铁受到的洛伦兹力是有利于继电器的闭合。这在动力电池电路这种需要充放电的电路中是契合其充放电场景需求的。
本发明还提供了一种含有上述继电器的动力电池电路，其中的高压电池组即为上述的高压源。这样的动力电池电路可用于电动汽车中。
提供对本公开的先前描述是为使得本领域任何技术人员皆能够制作或使用本公开。对本公开的各种修改对本领域技术人员来说都将是显而易见的，且本文中所定义的普适原理可被应用到其他变体而不会脱离本公开的精神或范围。由此， 本公开并非旨在被限定于本文中所描述的示例和设计，而是应被授予与本文中所公开的原理和新颖性特征相一致的最广范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于高压回路的继电器，所述继电器的开关由低压源驱动，所述继电器包括：
    主线圈和与所述主线圈配合的第一衔铁，所述主线圈的线圈电流由所述低电压源供电，所述第一衔铁位于所述高压回路中，响应于所述主线圈的失电和得电而相应地处于使所述高压回路断开和闭合的位置，
    与所述第一衔铁配合的副线圈和为所述副线圈供电的驱动回路，所述驱动回路由所述高压回路的高压源供电，所述副线圈在所述驱动回路闭合时得电从而产生使所述第一衔铁处于闭合位置的附加电磁力，以及
    与所述主线圈配合的第二衔铁，所述第二衔铁位于所述驱动回路中，响应于所述主线圈的失电和得电而相应地处于使所述驱动回路断开或闭合的位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的继电器，其特征在于，所述第一衔铁和所述第二衔铁为联动结构。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的继电器，其特征在于，所述副线圈的线圈匝数被设计为使得所述副线圈产生的对所述第一衔铁的所述附加电磁力小于所述第一衔铁和所述第二衔铁的总回复力。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的继电器，其特征在于，所述副线圈的线圈匝数被设计为使得所述副线圈产生的对所述第一衔铁的所述附加电磁力大于由于所述第二衔铁而引起的附加回复力。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的继电器，其特征在于，所述主线圈至少在所述低压源处于标称值时提供的电磁力大于所述第一衔铁和所述第二衔铁的总回复力。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的继电器，其特征在于，所述副线圈的轴线与所述第一衔铁对准且位于所述第一衔铁近旁以使所述副线圈得电时在所述第一衔铁处的磁场密度最大化。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的继电器，其特征在于，所述副线圈的线圈缠绕走向被设计为所述高压源在充电和放电时，所述副线圈产生的对所述第一衔铁的所述附加电磁力皆处在使所述第一衔铁处于闭合位置的方向上。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的继电器，其特征在于，所述低压源为12V电压源。
  9. 一种动力电池电路，包括：
    高压电池组；以及
    逆变器，通过高压回路与所述高压电池组相连，用于将所述高压电池组的直流电转换为交流电，
    所述高压回路中设有如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的继电器，用于控制所述动力电池电路的通断，所述高压电池组用作所述继电器中的所述高压源。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的动力电池电路，其特征在于，所述动力电池电路用于电动汽车中。
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