WO2019062137A1 - 导光结构、直下式背光模组及显示面板 - Google Patents

导光结构、直下式背光模组及显示面板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019062137A1
WO2019062137A1 PCT/CN2018/086652 CN2018086652W WO2019062137A1 WO 2019062137 A1 WO2019062137 A1 WO 2019062137A1 CN 2018086652 W CN2018086652 W CN 2018086652W WO 2019062137 A1 WO2019062137 A1 WO 2019062137A1
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Prior art keywords
light
layer
disposed
polarization
grating
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟宪东
王维
陈小川
谭纪风
高健
孟宪芹
梁蓬霞
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Priority to EP18839665.9A priority Critical patent/EP3690530B1/en
Priority to US16/323,878 priority patent/US11112557B2/en
Publication of WO2019062137A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019062137A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0075—Arrangements of multiple light guides
    • G02B6/0076—Stacked arrangements of multiple light guides of the same or different cross-sectional area
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4233—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4272—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0016—Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0051—Diffusing sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
    • G02B6/2773—Polarisation splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/002—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
    • G02B6/0021—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces for housing at least a part of the light source, e.g. by forming holes or recesses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/13355—Polarising beam splitters [PBS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/30—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating
    • G02F2201/305—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating diffraction grating

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a light guiding structure, a direct type backlight module mounted with the light guiding structure, and a display panel mounted with the direct type backlight module.
  • the LED backlight module is mainly divided into two types: side light type and direct type.
  • side light type LED backlight is thin and light, but the image quality can not achieve the desired effect; while the direct type LED backlight can use its own advantages to pass the regional dynamics. Control (local dimming) to achieve image quality optimization, but there are many areas for improvement in direct-lit LED backlighting.
  • a light guiding structure including:
  • a first waveguide layer having a first light incident surface and a first light emitting surface
  • a polarizing beam splitting structure disposed on the first light emitting surface, configured to split the light emitted by the light source into the first polarized light and the second polarized light;
  • a first polarization coupling grating disposed on the first light incident surface for deflecting the first polarized light to be totally reflected in the first waveguide layer
  • a second waveguide layer having a second light incident surface and a second light exiting surface disposed on the polarizing beam splitting structure
  • a second polarization coupling grating is disposed between the second light incident surface and the polarization beam splitting structure for deflecting the second polarized light to be totally reflected in the second waveguide layer.
  • the first polarized light is polarized light whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the incident surface
  • the second polarized light is polarized light whose polarization direction is parallel to the incident surface
  • the first polarization coupling grating includes:
  • a reflective grating layer disposed on the first light incident surface
  • the second polarization coupling grating includes:
  • the transmission grating layer is disposed on the second light incident surface.
  • the transmission grating layer and the reflective grating layer each include a plurality of concentric annular gratings, and parameters of the respective gratings are different.
  • the light source, the first polarization coupling grating, and the second polarization coupling grating are disposed coaxially with a central axis.
  • the polarization splitting structure includes:
  • a metal grating layer is disposed on the first light emitting surface.
  • the metal grating layer parameters include: a period of 200 nm, a gate height of 130 nm, and a duty ratio of 0.5.
  • the light guiding structure further includes:
  • the first dot layer is disposed at a position where the polarization splitting structure is not disposed on the first light-emitting surface and/or a position where the first polarization coupling grating is not disposed on the first light-incident surface.
  • the light guiding structure further includes:
  • the second halftone layer is disposed at a position where the second polarization coupling grating is not disposed on the second light emitting surface and/or the second light incident surface.
  • a direct type backlight module including:
  • a light source disposed opposite to the first waveguide layer and located between the first light incident surface and the first polarization coupling grating.
  • the light guiding structure further includes a second halftone layer, and the second halftone layer is disposed on the second light emitting surface and/or the second light incident surface.
  • Setting a position of the second polarization coupling grating; the direct type backlight module further includes:
  • a fluorescent layer is disposed on a side of the second halftone layer away from the second waveguide layer.
  • the direct type backlight module further includes:
  • a prism layer disposed on a side of the diffusion sheet away from the fluorescent layer
  • the reflective layer is disposed on a side of the first polarization coupling grating that is away from the first waveguide layer.
  • a display panel including:
  • 1 is a schematic structural view of a direct type backlight module
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a light guiding structure of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the basic optical path of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the polarization beam splitting structure of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the angle of the first polarized light and the incident light formed by the polarization splitting structure of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the angle of the second polarized light and the incident light formed by the polarization splitting structure of Figure 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the first polarization coupling grating and the second polarization coupling grating of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of the second polarization coupling grating of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the characteristic structure of one of the gratings of the first polarization-coupled grating of FIG. 7; FIG.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing the characteristic structure of one of the gratings of the second polarization-coupled grating of Figure 7;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of diffraction of each stage of the grating
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a direct type backlight module of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing simulation results of diffraction characteristics of polarized beam splitting structure 3 for TE polarized light
  • Figure 14 is a graph showing simulation results of diffraction characteristics of the polarization beam splitting structure 3 for TM polarized light
  • Figure 15 is a simulation of polarization-sensitive characteristics of the same polarization-coupled grating for TE-polarized light
  • Figure 16 is a simulation of the polarization-sensitive characteristics of the same polarization-coupled grating for TM polarized light.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a direct type backlight module, and more specifically, a structure diagram of a direct type LED backlight module.
  • the LED array is directly arranged at the bottom of the backlight cavity, and the light emitted by each LED 2 can form a uniform light energy at the top of the backlight cavity through a certain height of light mixing. distributed.
  • the distance P between two adjacent LEDs 2 is set relatively large, and in order to ensure uniformity of light output, the LED 2 is disposed to the first diffusion sheet 10 There is a certain distance D between them, and the distance between the LED 2 and the first diffusion sheet 10 is determined according to the empirical formula: D/P > 1.2. Taking an 82-inch product as an example, the distance P between the two LEDs is 2.2 cm.
  • the current direct-lit LED backlight module requires a long mixing distance, generally greater than 20 mm, which is not conducive to the thinness and lightness of the flat panel display. Moreover, the light undergoes multiple reflections in the propagation, and the optical energy loss is considerable.
  • the reflectivity of the inner wall of the backlight cavity is as high as 95%, but about 25% of the light energy is lost in the reflection process in the backlight cavity, which is not conducive to the energy saving and environmental protection advantages of the LED backlight.
  • Local dimming technology can greatly reduce power consumption, improve imaging contrast, increase grayscale, and reduce image sticking.
  • the main principle of implementing it is: dividing the backlight of the LCD into N small areas (Block); when working, adjusting the contrast of the backlight according to the gray level of the corresponding small area corresponding to the liquid crystal display content; thereby achieving energy saving and increasing image quality. the goal of.
  • the backlight When the LCD is used as a light-transmitting display device, the backlight is required to provide the brightness required for display.
  • the backlight For most liquid crystal displays, the backlight is always bright and due to the limitations of its own characteristics, there are problems such as light leakage and the like, which may affect the performance of dark details and contrast.
  • the present disclosure provides a light guiding structure, a direct type backlight module mounting the light guiding structure, and a display panel mounted with the direct type backlight module to solve at least one technical defect related to the LCD backlight discussed above.
  • the light guiding structure may include a first waveguide layer 1, a polarization beam splitting structure 3, a first polarization coupling grating 4, a second waveguide layer 5, and a second polarization coupling grating 6, and the like.
  • the first waveguide layer 1 has a first light incident surface 101 and a first light exit surface 102; the light source 2 may be disposed on the first light incident surface 101 of the first waveguide layer 1, and the light emitting surface of the light source 2 and the first waveguide layer 1
  • the first light incident surface 101 is oppositely disposed, so that the light emitted by the light source 2 can be incident into the first waveguide layer 1 through the first light incident surface 101; the polarization splitting structure 3 can be disposed on the first light exit surface 102, and the polarization beam splitting structure 3 is capable of splitting the light emitted by the light source 2 into the first polarized light and the second polarized light.
  • the first polarized light is reflected by the polarization splitting structure 3 in the first waveguide layer 1, and the second polarized light is transmitted through the polarized light.
  • the first polarization coupling grating 4 is disposed on the first light incident surface 101, and is capable of deflecting the first polarized light to be totally reflected in the first waveguide layer 1; the second waveguide layer 5 has a second light incident surface.
  • the second waveguide layer 5 may be disposed on the polarization beam splitting structure 3; the second polarization-coupling grating 6 may be disposed between the second light-incident surface 501 and the polarization beam splitting structure 3, and second The polarized light is incident on the second polarization coupling grating 6, and the second polarization coupling grating 6 is capable of deflecting the second polarized light It is totally reflected in the second waveguide layer 5.
  • the first polarization coupling grating 4 may also be disposed on the first light-emitting surface 102.
  • the first reflection-polarization layer reflects the first polarization light into the first waveguide layer 1, and then deflects the first polarization light by the first polarization-coupling grating 4. It is totally reflected in the first waveguide layer 1.
  • the second polarization coupling grating 6 may also be disposed on the second light-emitting surface 502, so that the second polarized light is first projected into the second waveguide layer 5, and then the second polarized light is deflected by the second polarization-coupling grating 6 to be in the second The waveguide layer 5 is totally reflected.
  • the first waveguide layer 1 is made of a transparent material, and may be selected from materials such as ITO (indium tin oxide) or Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride), and the thickness may be set to 2 ⁇ m or even thicker to several tens of micrometers, and may be set to several hundred. Nano.
  • the first waveguide layer 1 may be a transparent dielectric material having a refractive index of about 1.5.
  • the second waveguide layer 5 is also made of a transparent material, and may also be made of ITO (indium tin oxide) or Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride), and the thickness may be set to 2 ⁇ m or even thicker to several tens of micrometers. It is a few hundred nanometers.
  • the second waveguide layer 5 may also be a transparent dielectric material having a refractive index of about 1.5.
  • the polarization beam splitting structure 3 may adopt a sub-wavelength metal grating, and the first polarized light may be a polarization formed by the polarization beam splitting structure 3 reflection.
  • the polarized light whose direction is perpendicular to the incident surface, that is, the TE polarized light; correspondingly, the second polarized light may be a polarized light which is transmitted through the polarization splitting structure 3 and whose polarization direction is parallel to the incident surface, that is, TM polarized light.
  • the first polarized light may also be TE polarized light
  • the second polarized light may also be TM polarized light
  • the polarizing beam splitting structure 3 may be a metal grating layer 31 directly formed on the first light emitting surface 102 of the first waveguide layer 1; the metal grating layer 31 may be first formed on a transparent substrate, and then the transparent substrate and the metal grating layer are formed. 31 is disposed together on the first light-emitting surface 102 of the first waveguide layer 1. Since the wavelength of the incident light is smaller than the grating period, when the TM polarized light is incident, the electron oscillation along the gate line is blocked.
  • the grating layer is like the dielectric layer for the TM polarized light, and the TM polarized light can be transmitted.
  • the electrons are excited to oscillate in the direction of the grating, and the TE polarized light is reflected by the grating layer.
  • the polarization splitting structure 3 can achieve high transmittance of TM polarized light, high reflectivity of TE polarized light, that is, TM polarized light is a zero-order transmission transmission form, and TE polarized light is in the form of specular reflection.
  • the specific parameters of the metal grating layer 31 are: a period of about 200 nm, a gate height of about 130 nm, and a duty ratio of about 0.5.
  • the metal grating layer 31 was simulated, and the incident wavelength was about 430 nm, and the incident angle was about 0. Referring to FIG.
  • Table 1 Simulation results of diffraction characteristics of polarization beam splitting structure 3
  • the reflectance of TE polarized light can reach 89.186%, and the transmittance of TM polarized light can reach 87.137%.
  • the sub-wavelength metal grating has the characteristic of diffractive polarization beam splitting for the light wave; and the relationship between the diffraction angle of the sub-wavelength metal grating for the diffracted light wave (transmitted light and reflected light) varies with the incident angle.
  • an exit angle of the first polarized light with respect to the polarization splitting structure 3 is proportional to an incident angle of the light source 2 with respect to the polarization splitting structure 3, and an exit angle of the second polarized light with respect to the polarization splitting structure 3
  • the source 2 is proportional to the angle of incidence of the polarization beam splitting structure 3.
  • both the first polarization coupling grating 4 and the second polarization coupling grating 6 may be of a high density type with a period of about 900 nm to 1000 nm, and may be of a multi-step or multi-gap modulation type.
  • the remarkable feature of such a grating is polarization dependence, that is, a grating structure can only ensure that a mode of polarized light has a high coupling efficiency, and the coupling efficiency of the polarized light is not guaranteed, which will result in The coupling efficiency can only be around 50%. Referring to the polarization-sensitive characteristic simulation of the same polarization-coupled grating shown in Fig.
  • the present disclosure uses a sub-wavelength metal grating to polarize the LED light waves, and then couple the two polarized lights with different modes of polarization coupling gratings.
  • the first polarization-coupling grating 4 may be a reflection grating disposed directly on the first light-incident surface 101 .
  • the layer 41, and the reflective grating layer 41 may comprise a plurality of concentric annular gratings 14, and the parameters of the respective gratings are different; the light source 2 and the reflective grating layer 41 are disposed on the same central axis.
  • the reflective grating layer 41 is made of a metal material, and the coupling efficiency can reach 85% or more.
  • the second polarization coupling grating 6 may also be a transmission grating layer 61 disposed directly on the second light incident surface 501, and the transmission grating layer 61 may also include a plurality of concentric annular gratings 14, and the parameters of the respective gratings are different.
  • the light source 2 and the transmission grating layer 61 are also disposed on the same central axis.
  • the transmission grating layer 61 can adopt a material having a refractive index of 1.8 to 2.0, and the coupling efficiency can reach 80% or more.
  • the first polarization coupling grating 4 is disposed on the back side of the light source 2, the grating may not be disposed at the light source 2.
  • the first polarization coupling grating 4 may also include a transparent substrate and a reflective grating layer 41 disposed on the transparent substrate.
  • the second polarization coupling grating 6 may also include a transparent substrate and a transmission grating layer 61 disposed on the transparent substrate.
  • the first polarization coupling grating 4 and the second polarization coupling grating 6 are very sensitive to the incident angle of the light, that is, the same grating structure is used for different incident angles. The resulting diffraction effects are different.
  • the light divergence angle is related to the aperture and the size of the light source 2, that is, the aperture of the optical system limits the divergence angle of the finite-size light source 2; and the LED actually emits light to the surface light source 2, and the energy is concentrated in the range of +/- 60°.
  • the block design can be performed corresponding to the illumination angle of the LED illumination. Dividing the projected area of the emitted light of the LED into N rings of the same central axis, each corresponding to the illumination angle of the different LEDs, and designing a polarization coupling grating structure for the chief rays in each projected area, The diffraction coupling effect of each polarization coupling grating can be achieved, that is, one polarization coupling grating is composed entirely of concentric annular gratings 14 of different parameters.
  • FIG. 9 a schematic diagram of a characteristic structure of one of the gratings of the first polarization-coupling grating 4; the specific parameter of one of the gratings of the first polarization-coupling grating 4 is: the distance between the two gate lines is about 393 nm, and the gate height is The grating is about 380 nm, the gate line width is about 110 nm, and the period of the grating is about 1000 nm.
  • the above-mentioned one grating of the first polarization-coupling grating 4 is simulated, and the incident angle is about 0°.
  • the simulation results are shown in the polarization diffraction coupling simulation result table of the first polarization-coupling grating 4 shown in Table 2:
  • the coupling efficiency of the T-2 order light and the T+2 order light is the highest, and the coupling efficiency of the first polarization coupling grating 4 can reach 85% or more.
  • FIG. 10 a schematic diagram of a characteristic structure of one of the gratings of the second polarization-coupling grating 6; the specific parameter of one of the gratings of the second polarization-coupling grating 6 is: the distance between the two gate lines is about 393 nm, and the gate height is The grating is approximately 380 nm, the gate line width is approximately 110 nm, and the period of the grating is approximately 1000 nm.
  • the above-mentioned one grating of the second polarization-coupling grating 6 is simulated and the incident angle is approximately 0°.
  • the simulation results are shown in the table of polarization diffraction coupling simulation results of the second polarization-coupling grating 6 shown in Table 3:
  • the coupling efficiency of the T-2 order light and the T+2 order light is the highest, and the coupling efficiency of the second polarization coupling grating 6 can reach 80% or more.
  • n 1 is the refractive index of the medium where the incident light is located
  • ⁇ 1 is the incident angle
  • n 2 is the refractive index of the medium where the outgoing light is located
  • ⁇ 2 is The diffraction angle
  • ⁇ is the wavelength
  • the light exiting dot layer may be disposed on both sides of the first waveguide layer 1 and on both sides of the second waveguide layer 5, and may also be disposed on the first waveguide layer 1 One side and one side of the second waveguide layer 5.
  • the light-emitting halftone layer is disposed at a position where the polarization splitting structure 3 of the first light-emitting surface 102 is not disposed to form the first halftone layer 7, and the light-emitting mesh layer is further disposed on the second light-emitting surface 502 to form the second halftone layer. 8.
  • the uniform distribution of the backlight intensity can be achieved by the first halftone layer 7 and the second halftone layer 8.
  • the light-emitting dot layer can adopt a light-emitting dot commonly used in the prior art, and has a size of 0.1 to 1 mm, and can also adopt a set grating structure.
  • the first halftone layer 7 may also be disposed at a position of the first light incident surface 101 where the first polarization coupling grating 4 is not disposed; and the light exit dot layer may also be disposed at the second light entrance layer.
  • the position of the face 501 where the second polarization coupling grating 6 is not disposed forms a third light exit dot layer.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a direct type backlight module.
  • the direct type backlight module may include a light source 2, the light guiding structure, and the like. The specific structure and principle of the light guiding structure have been described in detail above, and are not described herein again.
  • the light source 2 can be an LED or an OLED.
  • the light source color of the light source 2 may be blue or ultraviolet.
  • the high-density LED can be integrated in a small size by using the Micro-LED technology, and the LED particles are directly transferred onto the first light-incident surface 101 of the first waveguide layer 1, and the light-emitting surface of the LED is made
  • the first light incident surface 101 of the waveguide layer 1 is disposed opposite to each other, so that the light emitted from the light source 2 is incident into the first waveguide layer 1 through the first light incident surface 101.
  • the direct type backlight module may further include a fluorescent layer 9 , and the fluorescent layer 9 may be disposed on a side of the second halftone layer 8 away from the second waveguide layer 5 .
  • the fluorescent layer 9 is used to mix the monochromatic LED light into white light, and the LED and the fluorescent layer 9 can be matched with a blue LED and a Ce:YAG phosphor, and the Ce:YAG phosphor is a main phosphor for industrially producing a white LED.
  • White LEDs are usually fabricated by high-efficiency InGaN/GaN (nitrogen gallium indium/gallium nitride)-based blue LEDs that emit blue light-excited YAG:Ce rare earth phosphors.
  • the Ce:YAG phosphors are excited to emit yellow light mixed with the remaining blue light. Forming white light.
  • White LED technology is of great significance for rational use of energy, mitigation of energy crisis and green lighting.
  • the main synthetic methods are: high temperature solid phase reaction method, sol-gel method, spray pyrolysis method, coprecipitation method and the like. It can also use purple LED and RGB trichromatic phosphors, white LEDs made of violet-excited "RGB" phosphors - three primary colors, with low color temperature, uniform light color, good color rendering, no glare, and manufacturing. The process is simple and so on. Blue LEDs and quantum dot fluorescent layers can also be used. In semiconductor materials, tiny crystals are often referred to as quantum dots.
  • Such quantum dots can lock electrons in a very small three-dimensional space, and when a beam of light is illuminated, the electrons are excited to jump to a higher energy level. When these electrons return to their original lower energy levels, they emit a beam of a certain wavelength.
  • the direct type backlight module may further include a diffusion sheet 10, and the diffusion sheet 10 may be disposed on a side of the fluorescent layer 9 away from the second halftone layer 8.
  • the backlight distribution is made uniform by the diffusion sheet 10.
  • the substrate of the diffusion sheet 10 is selected from a material having a high light transmittance such as PET plastic (polyethylene terephthalate plastic) / PC plastic (polycarbonate) / PMMA resin (polymethyl methacrylate).
  • PET plastic polyethylene terephthalate plastic
  • PC plastic polycarbonate
  • PMMA resin polymethyl methacrylate
  • the conventional diffusion sheet 10 mainly adds a chemical particle to the substrate of the diffusion sheet 10 as a scattering particle, and the existing diffusion sheet 10 has fine particles dispersed between the tree finger layers, so the light is diffused.
  • the layer will continuously pass through two media with different refractive indices, and at the same time, many phenomena of refraction, reflection and scattering will occur, which will result in optical diffusion.
  • the structure of the diffusion sheet 10 is generally an antistatic coating layer, a PET substrate, and a diffusion layer from bottom to top.
  • the direct type backlight module may further include a prism layer 11 , and the prism layer 11 may be disposed on a side of the diffusion sheet 10 away from the fluorescent layer 9 .
  • the prism layer 11 can improve the luminous efficiency of the entire backlight module, that is, further utilize the energy emitted by the light source 2.
  • the prism layer 11 is formed by laminating a prism layer 11 having a sharp-angled microprism structure and a waveguide layer.
  • the prism layer 11 can also be called a brightness enhancement film, and there are mainly four types, a general prism sheet, a multi-function prism sheet, a micro-lens film, and a reflective polarizer.
  • the direct type backlight module may further include a reflective layer 12 disposed on a side of the first polarization coupling grating 4 away from the first waveguide layer 1.
  • a reflective layer 12 disposed on a side of the first polarization coupling grating 4 away from the first waveguide layer 1.
  • the present disclosure further provides a display panel, which includes the above backlight module, and the specific structure of the backlight module has been described in detail above, and details are not described herein again.
  • the light guiding structure of the present disclosure, the direct type backlight module mounted with the light guiding structure, and the display panel mounted with the direct type backlight module divide the light emitted by the light source 2 into the first polarized light and the first by the polarization splitting structure 3
  • the second polarized light is deflected by the first polarization coupling grating 4 to be totally reflected in the first waveguide layer 1, and the second polarized light is deflected by the second polarization coupling grating 6 to be in the second
  • the waveguide layer 5 is totally reflected.
  • the light guiding structure does not have a light mixing distance, which is advantageous for the thin and light design of the backlight module; on the other hand, the light in the first waveguide layer 1 and the second waveguide layer 5 is relatively uniform by total reflection; On the other hand, the light guiding structure does not require a spacing between the light sources 2, and under the premise of satisfying the overall brightness, the number of the light sources 2 can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
  • the terms “a”, “an”, “the” and “the” are used to mean the presence of one or more elements/components, etc.; the terms “including”, “including” and “having” are used Represents the meaning of openness and means that there may be additional elements/components/etc. in addition to the listed elements/components/etc; the terms “first”, “second” and “third” “etc. is used only as a token, not a limit on the number of objects.”

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Abstract

一种导光结构，该导光结构包括第一波导层、偏振分束结构、第一偏振耦合光栅、第二波导层以及第二偏振耦合光栅；第一波导层具有第一入光面和第一出光面；偏振分束结构设于第一出光面，用于将光源发出的光分成第一偏振光以及第二偏振光；第一偏振耦合光栅设于第一入光面，用于将第一偏振光偏折使其在第一波导层内全反射；第二波导层具有第二入光面和第二出光面，设于偏振分束结构之上；第二偏振耦合光栅设于第二入光面与偏振分束结构之间，用于将第二偏振光偏折使其在第二波导层内全反射。

Description

导光结构、直下式背光模组及显示面板
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2017年09月27日递交的中国专利申请第201710890688.9号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本公开的一部分。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种导光结构、安装该导光结构的直下式背光模组及安装有该直下式背光模组的显示面板。
背景技术
随着LED液晶显示产品市场的迅速扩大，消费者对LED液晶电视的要求也越来越高，无论是从画质体验上，还是从外观设计上，都要求LED液晶电视厂商不断有新突破。LED背光模组主要分为侧光式与直下式两种，侧光式LED背光的优势是轻薄化，但是画质不能达到理想效果；而直下式LED背光则可以利用其自身优势，通过区域动态控制(local dimming)来实现画质的优化，但是直下式LED背光方式也存在诸多有待改进之处。
所述背景技术部分公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本公开的背景的理解，因此它可以包括不构成对本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本公开的额外方面和优点将部分地在下面的描述中阐述，并且部分地将从描述中变得显然，或者可以通过本公开的实践而习得。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种导光结构，包括：
第一波导层，具有第一入光面和第一出光面；
偏振分束结构，设于所述第一出光面，用于将光源发出的光分成第一偏振光以及第二偏振光；
第一偏振耦合光栅，设于所述第一入光面，用于将所述第一偏振光偏折使其在所述第一波导层内全反射；
第二波导层，具有第二入光面和第二出光面，设于所述偏振分束结构之上；
第二偏振耦合光栅，设于所述第二入光面与偏振分束结构之间，用于将所述第二偏振光偏折使其在所述第二波导层内全反射。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述第一偏振光为偏振方向垂直于入射面的偏振光，所述第二偏振光为偏振方向平行于入射面的偏振光。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，
所述第一偏振耦合光栅包括：
反射光栅层，设于所述第一入光面；
所述第二偏振耦合光栅包括：
透射光栅层，设于所述第二入光面。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述透射光栅层以及所述反射光栅层均包括多个同心圆环状光栅，且各个光栅的参数不同。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述光源、所述第一偏振耦合光栅以及所述第二偏振耦合光栅同中心轴设置。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述偏振分束结构包括：
金属光栅层，设于所述第一出光面。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述金属光栅层参数包括：周期为200nm、栅高为130nm、占空比为0.5。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述导光结构还包括：
第一网点层，设于所述第一出光面的未设置所述偏振分束结构的位置和/或所述第一入光面的未设置所述第一偏振耦合光栅的位置。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述导光结构还包括：
第二网点层，设于所述第二出光面和/或所述第二入光面的未设置所述第二偏振耦合光栅的位置。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种直下式背光模组，包括：
上述任意一项所述的导光结构；
光源，与所述第一波导层相对设置，且位于所述第一入光面与第一偏振耦合光栅之间。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述导光结构还包括第二网点层，所述第二网点层设于所述第二出光面和/或所述第二入光面的未设置所述第二偏振 耦合光栅的位置；所述直下式背光模组还包括：
荧光层，设于所述第二网点层的远离所述第二波导层的一侧。
在本公开的一种示例性实施例中，所述直下式背光模组还包括：
扩散片，设于所述荧光层的远离所述第二网点层的一侧；
棱镜层，设于所述扩散片的远离所述荧光层的一侧；
反射层，设于所述第一偏振耦合光栅的远离所述第一波导层的一侧。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种显示面板，包括：
上述任意一项所述的直下式背光模组。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述本公开的示例实施方式，本公开的上述和其它特征及优点将变得更加明显。
图1是一种直下式背光模组的结构示意图；
图2是本公开导光结构一实施方式的结构示意图；
图3是图2的基本光路原理示意图；
图4是图2中的偏振分束结构的结构示意图；
图5是通过图4中的偏振分束结构形成的第一偏振光与入射光的角度变化关系图；
图6是通过图4中的偏振分束结构形成的第二偏振光与入射光的角度变化关系图；
图7是图2中的第一偏振耦合光栅以及第二偏振耦合光栅的结构示意图；
图8是图7中的第二偏振耦合光栅的光路原理示意图；
图9是图7中的第一偏振耦合光栅的其中一个光栅的特征结构示意图；
图10是图7中的第二偏振耦合光栅的其中一个光栅的特征结构示意图；
图11是光栅各级衍射的原理示意图；
图12是本公开直下式背光模组一实施方式的结构示意图；
图13是偏振分束结构3对于TE偏振光的衍射特性仿真结果图；
图14是偏振分束结构3对于TM偏振光的衍射特性仿真结果图；
图15是同一偏振耦合光栅对于TE偏振光的偏振敏感特性模拟；
图16是同一偏振耦合光栅对于TM偏振光的偏振敏感特性模拟。
图中主要元件附图标记说明如下：
1、第一波导层；101、第一入光面；102、第一出光面；2、光源；3、偏振分束结构；31、金属光栅层；4、第一偏振耦合光栅；41、反射光栅层；5、第二波导层；501、第二入光面；502、第二出光面；6、第二偏振耦合光栅；61、透射光栅层；7、第一网点层；8、第二网点层；9、荧光层；10、扩散片；11、棱镜层；12、反射层；13、光栅；14、圆环状光栅。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的实施方式；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本公开将全面和完整，并将示例实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略它们的详细描述。
图1是一种直下式背光模组的结构示意图，更具体地说，是一种直下式LED背光模组的结构示意图。
如图1所示，直下式LED背光模组中，LED阵列直接布置在背光腔的底部，通过一定高度的混光，各颗LED 2发出的光线能够在背光腔的顶部形成一个均匀的光能量分布。为了达到节省成本，降低功耗的目的，会将相邻两颗LED 2之间的距离P设置的比较大，同时为了保证出光的均匀性较好，会设置LED 2到第一层扩散片10之间有一定距离D，根据经验公式：D/P＞1.2来确定LED 2到第一层扩散片10之间的距离。以某82寸产品为例，两颗LED 2间距P为2.2cm，为使模组出光均匀，那么D值就要大于2.2*1.2＝2.64cm，这样就大大增加了背光模组的厚度，降低产品的市场竞争力。目前的直下式LED背光模组所需混光距离较长，一般大于20mm，不利于平板显示器的轻薄化。而且，光线在传播中经历多次反射,光能损耗十分可观。上述某82寸产品中背光腔内壁反射率高达95％，但仍有25％左右的光能量在背光腔中的反射过程中被损耗了，这很不利于LED背光节能环保优势的发挥。
在直下式LED的背光处理中，Local dimming技术可以很大程度的减少功耗，提高成像对比度，增加灰阶数、及减少残影等。实现它的主要原理为：将LCD 的背光分成N多小区域(Block)；工作时，根据相应小区域对应液晶显示内容的灰度，来调整背光的明暗对比度；以此达到节能、增加画质的目的。
LCD做为透光型显示器件时，需要背光提供显示所需要的亮度。对于大部分液晶显示器，其背光为常亮且由于本身特性的限制，不同程度的存在漏光等问题，从而会影响暗细节的表现以及对比度等问题。
本公开提供了一种导光结构、安装该导光结构的直下式背光模组及安装有该直下式背光模组的显示面板，以解决上面讨论的与LCD背光有关的至少一个技术缺陷。
参照图2所示的本公开导光结构一实施方式的结构示意图。该导光结构可以包括第一波导层1、偏振分束结构3、第一偏振耦合光栅4、第二波导层5以及第二偏振耦合光栅6等等。
参照图3所示的本公开导光结构一实施方式的基本光路原理示意图。第一波导层1具有第一入光面101和第一出光面102；光源2可以设置在第一波导层1的第一入光面101，且光源2的出光面与第一波导层1的第一入光面101相对设置，使光源2发出的光可以通过第一入光面101射入第一波导层1内；偏振分束结构3可以设于第一出光面102，偏振分束结构3能够将光源2发出的光分成第一偏振光以及第二偏振光，具体而言，第一偏振光被偏振分束结构3反射在第一波导层1内，第二偏振光透射出偏振分束结构3；第一偏振耦合光栅4设于第一入光面101，能够将第一偏振光偏折使其在第一波导层1内全反射；第二波导层5具有第二入光面501和第二出光面502，第二波导层5可以设置在偏振分束结构3之上；第二偏振耦合光栅6可以设置在第二入光面501与偏振分束结构3之间，第二偏振光射入第二偏振耦合光栅6，第二偏振耦合光栅6能够将第二偏振光偏折使其在第二波导层5内全反射。当然，第一偏振耦合光栅4也可以设于第一出光面102，通反射层将第一偏振光反射入第一波导层1，再通过第一偏振耦合光栅4将第一偏振光偏折使其在第一波导层1内全反射。第二偏振耦合光栅6也可以设于第二出光面502，使第二偏振光先投射进入第二波导层5，再通过第二偏振耦合光栅6将第二偏振光偏折使其在第二波导层5内全反射。
第一波导层1采用透明的材料，可以选择ITO(氧化铟锡)或者Si 3N 4(氮化硅)等材料，厚度可以设置为2μm甚至更厚到几十微米，还可以设置为几 百纳米。在本示例实施方式中，第一波导层1可以是折射率大约为1.5的透明介质材料。第二波导层5也采用透明的材料，也可以选择ITO(氧化铟锡)或者Si 3N 4(氮化硅)等材料，厚度也可以设置为2μm甚至更厚到几十微米，还可以设置为几百纳米。在本示例实施方式中，第二波导层5也可以是折射率大约为1.5的透明介质材料。
参照图4所示的偏振分束结构3的结构示意图；在本示例实施方式中，偏振分束结构3可以采用亚波长金属光栅，第一偏振光可以为通过偏振分束结构3反射形成的偏振方向垂直于入射面的偏振光即TE偏振光；相应的，第二偏振光可以为通过偏振分束结构3透射形成的偏振方向平行于入射面的偏振光即TM偏振光。当然，第一偏振光也可以为TE偏振光，相应的，第二偏振光也可以为TM偏振光。偏振分束结构3可以为直接形成在第一波导层1的第一出光面102的金属光栅层31；也可以先将金属光栅层31形成在一透明基板上，再将透明基板和金属光栅层31一起设置在第一波导层1的第一出光面102。由于入射光的波长要小于光栅周期，TM偏振光入射时，沿栅线方向的电子振荡受阻，这时光栅层对TM偏振光就如同介质层，TM偏振光可透射过去。而TE偏振光入射时，在栅条方向会激起电子自由振荡，这时TE偏振光就会被光栅层反射。
偏振分束结构3可以达到TM偏振光的高透过率，TE偏振光的高反射率，即TM偏振光为零级透射传输形式，TE偏振光为镜面反射形式。在本示例实施方式中，金属光栅层31的具体参数为：周期大约为200nm、栅高大约为130nm、占空比大约为0.5。对该金属光栅层31进行仿真模拟，入射波长大约为430nm，入射角度大约为0°。参照图13所示的偏振分束结构3对于TE偏振光的衍射特性仿真结果图；以及图14所示的偏振分束结构3对于TM偏振光的衍射特性仿真结果图；仿真模拟结果参照表一所示的偏振分束结构3的衍射特性仿真结果表：
表一：偏振分束结构3的衍射特性仿真结果表
Figure PCTCN2018086652-appb-000001
从图以及表中可以得到，TE偏振光的反射率可以达到89.186％，TM偏振光的透过率可以达到87.137％。
参照图5所示的通过偏振分束结构3形成的第一偏振光与入射光的角度变化关系图；图6所示的通过偏振分束结构3形成的第二偏振光与入射光的角度变化关系图；在本示例实施方式中，亚波长金属光栅对光波具有衍射偏振分束的特点；而且亚波长金属光栅对于衍射光波(透射光和反射光)的衍射角度随入射角度变化的关系为现线性关系，即第一偏振光相对于偏振分束结构3的出射角度与光源2相对于偏振分束结构3的入射角度成正比，以及第二偏振光相对于偏振分束结构3的出射角度与光源2相对于所述偏振分束结构3的入射角度成正比。
可能会需要将LED光线高效耦合进入波导层内。例如，第一偏振耦合光栅4以及第二偏振耦合光栅6均可以为高密度型，周期大约为900nm-1000nm，可以为多台阶或多空隙调制类型。但是，这种光栅的显著特点是具有偏振依赖性，即一种光栅结构只能保证一种模式的偏振光波具有很高的耦合效率，与之相对的偏振光波的耦合效率不能保证，这将导致耦合效率只能在50％左右。参照图15所示的同一偏振耦合光栅对于TE偏振光的偏振敏感特性模拟，以及图16所示的同一偏振耦合光栅对于TM偏振光的偏振敏感特性模拟。从图中可以得到同一偏振耦合光栅对TE偏振光的耦合效率可以达到81％，对TM偏振光的耦合效率为仅为35％。因此，本公开采用亚波长金属光栅将LED光波偏振分束，再用不同模式的偏振耦合光栅对两束偏振光进行耦合。
参照图7所示的第一偏振耦合光栅4以及第二偏振耦合光栅6的结构示意图；在本示例实施方式中，第一偏振耦合光栅4可以为直接设置在第一入光面101的反射光栅层41，而且反射光栅层41可以包括多个同心圆环状光栅14，且各个光栅的参数不同；光源2与反射光栅层41为同中心轴设置。反射光栅层41采用金属材料，耦合效率可以达到85％以上。同理，第二偏振耦合光栅6也可以为直接设置在第二入光面501的透射光栅层61，而且透射光栅层61也可以包括多个同心圆环状光栅14，且各个光栅的参数不同；光源2与透射光栅层61也为同中心轴设置。透射光栅层61可以采用现有的折射率在1.8～2.0之间材料，耦合效率可以达到80％以上。当然，本领域技术人员可以理解的是，由于第一偏振耦合光栅4设置在光源2的背面一侧，所以在光源2处也可以不设置光栅。第一偏振耦合光栅4也可以包括透明基板以及设置在透明基板上的反射 光栅层41。第二偏振耦合光栅6也可以包括透明基板以及设置在透明基板上的透射光栅层61。
参照图8所示的第二偏振耦合光栅6的光路原理示意图；由于第一偏振耦合光栅4以及第二偏振耦合光栅6对光线的入射角度非常敏感，即相同的光栅结构对不同入射角度的光线产生的衍射效果是不同的。同时光线发散角度与孔径及光源2尺寸有关，即光学系统的孔径限制了有限尺寸光源2的发散角度；而LED实际发光为面光源2，能量集中在+/-60°的范围内。在一个例子中，在偏振耦合光栅设计时，可以对应LED发光的发光角度，进行分块设计。将LED的发出光线的投影面积分割成N份同中心轴的圆环，每一份对应于不同的LED的发光角度，针对每一份投影面积内的主光线设计出一种偏振耦合光栅结构，使每份偏振耦合光栅衍射耦合效果达到要求即可，即一个偏振耦合光栅整体由若干个不同参数的同心圆环状光栅14组成。
参照图9所示的第一偏振耦合光栅4的其中一个光栅的特征结构示意图；第一偏振耦合光栅4的其中一个光栅的具体参数为：两个栅线之间的距离大约为393nm、栅高大约为380nm、栅线宽大约为110nm，该光栅的周期大约为1000nm，对该第一偏振耦合光栅4的上述一个光栅进行仿真模拟，入射角度大约为0°。仿真模拟结果参照表二所示的第一偏振耦合光栅4的偏振衍射耦合仿真结果表：
表二：第一偏振耦合光栅4的偏振衍射耦合仿真结果
衍射级次(order) 角度(angle) 耦合效率(efficiency)
1 0° 100％
T-2 -45.181° 37.217％
T-1 -20.773° 0.053034％
T0 0 22.1％
T+1 20.773° 0.98189％
T+2 45.181° 36.231％
R-1 32.131° 0.0020944％
R0 0° 3.3459％
R+1 32.131° 0.070106％
从图中可以得到，T-2级次的光和T+2级次的光的耦合效率最高，第一偏 振耦合光栅4的耦合效率可以达到85％以上。
参照图10所示的第二偏振耦合光栅6的其中一个光栅的特征结构示意图；第二偏振耦合光栅6的其中一个光栅的具体参数为：两个栅线之间的距离大约为393nm、栅高大约为380nm、栅线宽大约为110nm，该光栅的周期大约为1000nm，对该第二偏振耦合光栅6的上述一个光栅进行仿真模拟，入射角度大约为0°。仿真模拟结果参照表三所示的第二偏振耦合光栅6的偏振衍射耦合仿真结果表：
表三：第二偏振耦合光栅6的偏振衍射耦合仿真结果
衍射级次(order) 角度(angle) 耦合效率(efficiency)
1 0° 100％
T-2 -45.181° 41.876％
T-1 -20.773° 0.022882％
T0 0 9.0801％
T+1 20.773° 0.0023123％
T+2 45.181° 41.898％
R-1 32.131° 0.0019945％
R0 0° 7.1177％
R+1 32.131° 0.0010525％
从图中可以得到，T-2级次的光和T+2级次的光的耦合效率最高，第二偏振耦合光栅6的耦合效率可以达到80％以上。
参照图11所示的光栅13各级衍射的原理示意图。根据光栅方程n 1sinθ 1-n 2sinθ 2＝mP/λ可以得到我们需要的级次的衍射光。
式中，m为光栅级数，m＝0，±1，±2……；n 1是入射光所在介质折射率，θ 1为入射角，n 2为出射光所在介质折射率，θ 2为衍射角，λ为波长。
参照图3所示的直下式背光模组的基本光路原理示意图；出光网点层可以设置在第一波导层1的两侧以及第二波导层5的两侧，还可以设置在第一波导层1的一侧以及第二波导层5的一侧。在本示例实施方式中，出光网点层设置在第一出光面102的未设置偏振分束结构3的位置形成第一网点层7，出光网点层还设置在第二出光面502形成第二网点层8，通过第一网点层7以及第二网点层8可以实现背光光强的均匀分布。出光网点层可以采用现有技术中常用 的出光网点，其尺寸为0.1～1mm，也可以采用设定的光栅结构。当然，在本公开的其他示例实施方式中，第一网点层7还可以设置在第一入光面101的未设置第一偏振耦合光栅4的位置；出光网点层也可以设置在第二入光面501的未设置第二偏振耦合光栅6的位置形成第三出光网点层。
进一步的，本公开还提供了一种直下式背光模组。参照图12所示的直下式背光模组一实施方式的结构示意图；该直下式背光模组可以包括光源2以及上述导光结构等等。导光结构的具体结构以及原理上述已经进行了详细的说明，此处不再赘述。
光源2可以是LED，也可以是OLED。光源2的出光颜色可以为蓝色，也可以为紫外。在本示例实施方式中，可以采用Micro-LED技术在微小尺寸内集成高密度LED，将LED微粒直接转印在第一波导层1的第一入光面101，且使LED的出光面与第一波导层1的第一入光面101相对设置，使光源2发出的光通过第一入光面101射入第一波导层1内。
进一步的，直下式背光模组还可以包括荧光层9，荧光层9可以设于第二网点层8的远离第二波导层5的一侧。荧光层9用于将单色LED光混成白光出射，LED与荧光层9的匹配可以为蓝色LED与Ce:YAG荧光粉，Ce:YAG荧光粉是工业化生产白光LED的主要荧光粉。白光LED的制作方法通常是用高效InGaN/GaN(氮镓铟/氮化镓)基蓝色LED发出蓝光激发YAG:Ce稀土荧光粉，Ce:YAG荧光粉被激发而发出黄光与剩余蓝光混合形成白光。白光LED技术对于合理利用能源、缓解能源危机和绿色照明具有重要意义。主要合成方法有：高温固相反应法、溶胶-凝胶法、喷雾热解法、共沉淀法等方法。也可以采用紫色LED与RGB三基色荧光粉，采用紫光激发的“RGB”荧光粉-三基色制成的白光LED，具有色温低、光色均匀、显色性佳、无眩光现象，并具有制造工艺简单等特点。还可以采用蓝色LED与量子点荧光层，在半导体材料中微小晶体通常被称作量子点(quantum dot)。这种量子点可以把电子锁定在一个非常微小的三维空间内，当有一束光照射上去的时候电子会受到激发跳跃到更高的能级。当这些电子回到原来较低的能级的时候，会发射出波长一定的光束。
同时参照图1。进一步的，直下式背光模组还可以包括扩散片10，扩散片10可以设于所述荧光层9的远离所述第二网点层8的一侧。通过扩散片10使背光分布均匀。扩散片10的基材需选择光透过率高的材料如PET塑料(聚对 苯二甲酸类塑料)/PC塑料(聚碳酸酯)/PMMA树脂(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)。一般传统的扩散片10主要是在扩散片10的基材中加入一颗颗的化学颗粒，作为散射粒子，而现有的扩散片10其微粒子分散在树指层之间，所以光线在经过扩散层时会不断的在两个折射率相异的介质中穿过，在此同时光线就会发生许多折射、反射与散射的现象，如此便造成了光学扩散的效果。扩散片10的结构从下至上通常是抗静电涂布层、PET基材以及扩散层。
进一步的，直下式背光模组还可以包括棱镜层11，棱镜层11可以设于扩散片10的远离荧光层9的一侧。通过棱镜层11可以改善整个背光模组发光效率即进一步利用光源2发出的能量。棱镜层11由一个具有尖角微棱镜结构的棱镜层11和一个波导层贴合而成。棱镜层11也可以称之为增亮膜，主要有四种类型，一般棱镜片(normal prism sheet)、多功能棱镜片、micro-lens film与反射型偏光片(reflective polarizer)等。
进一步的，直下式背光模组还可以包括反射层12，反射层12设于第一偏振耦合光栅4的远离第一波导层1的一侧。利用高密度偏振耦合光栅LED光线将不可避免地有反射衍射损失，该反射衍射损失一般小于5％，因此，加入反射层12，使得反射衍射损失的光线重新背光利用。反射层12可以为金属膜层，也可以为多层介质膜。
进一步的，本公开还提供了一种显示面板，该显示面板包括上述背光模组，背光模组的具体结构上述已经进行了详细的描述，此处不再赘述。
本公开的导光结构、安装该导光结构的直下式背光模组及安装有该直下式背光模组的显示面板，通过偏振分束结构3将光源2发出的光分成第一偏振光以及第二偏振光，再通过第一偏振耦合光栅4将第一偏振光偏折使其在第一波导层1内全反射，通过第二偏振耦合光栅6将第二偏振光偏折使其在第二波导层5内全反射。一方面，使用该导光结构不存在混光距离，有利于背光模组的轻薄化设计；另一方面，通过全反射使第一波导层1内以及第二波导层5内的光较均匀；再一方面，该导光结构对光源2之间的间距没有要求，在满足整体亮度的前提下，可以降低光源2的使用数量，降低成本。
上述所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中，如有可能，各实施例中所讨论的特征是可互换的。在上面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本公开的实施方式的充分理解。然而，本领域技术 人员将意识到，可以实践本公开的技术方案而没有所述特定细节中的一个或更多，或者可以采用其它的方法、组件、材料等。在其它情况下，不详细示出或描述公知结构、材料或者操作以避免模糊本公开的各方面。
本说明书中使用“约”“大约”的用语通常表示在一给定值或范围的20％之内，较佳是10％之内，且更佳是5％之内。在此给定的数量为大约的数量，意即在没有特定说明的情况下，仍可隐含“约”“大约”“大致”“大概”的含义。
虽然本说明书中使用相对性的用语，例如“上”“下”来描述图标的一个组件对于另一组件的相对关系，但是这些术语用于本说明书中仅出于方便，例如根据附图中所述的示例的方向。能理解的是，如果将图标的装置翻转使其上下颠倒，则所叙述在“上”的组件将会成为在“下”的组件。当某结构在其它结构“上”时，有可能是指某结构一体形成于其它结构上，或指某结构“直接”设置在其它结构上，或指某结构通过另一结构“间接”设置在其它结构上。
本说明书中，用语“一个”、“一”、“该”和“所述”用以表示存在一个或多个要素/组成部分/等；用语“包含”、“包括”和“具有”用以表示开放式的包括在内的意思并且是指除了列出的要素/组成部分/等之外还可存在另外的要素/组成部分/等；用语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”等仅作为标记使用，不是对其对象的数量限制。
应可理解的是，本公开不将其应用限制到本说明书提出的部件的详细结构和布置方式。本公开能够具有其他实施方式，并且能够以多种方式实现并且执行。前述变形形式和修改形式落在本公开的范围内。应可理解的是，本说明书公开和限定的本公开延伸到文中和/或附图中提到或明显的两个或两个以上单独特征的所有可替代组合。所有这些不同的组合构成本公开的多个可替代方面。本说明书所述的实施方式说明了已知用于实现本公开的最佳方式，并且将使本领域技术人员能够利用本公开。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种导光结构，包括：
    第一波导层，具有第一入光面和第一出光面；
    偏振分束结构，设于所述第一出光面，用于将光源发出的光分成第一偏振光以及第二偏振光；
    第一偏振耦合光栅，设于所述第一入光面，用于将所述第一偏振光偏折使其在所述第一波导层内全反射；
    第二波导层，具有第二入光面和第二出光面，设于所述偏振分束结构之上；
    第二偏振耦合光栅，设于所述第二入光面与偏振分束结构之间，用于将所述第二偏振光偏折使其在所述第二波导层内全反射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的导光结构，其特征在于，所述第一偏振光为偏振方向垂直于入射面的偏振光，所述第二偏振光为偏振方向平行于入射面的偏振光。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的导光结构，其中，
    所述第一偏振耦合光栅包括：
    反射光栅层，设于所述第一入光面；
    所述第二偏振耦合光栅包括：
    透射光栅层，设于所述第二入光面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的导光结构，其中，所述透射光栅层以及所述反射光栅层均包括多个同心圆环状光栅，且各个光栅的参数不同。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的导光结构，其中，所述光源、所述第一偏振耦合光栅以及所述第二偏振耦合光栅同中心轴设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的导光结构，其中，所述偏振分束结构包括：
    金属光栅层，设于所述第一出光面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的导光结构，其中，所述金属光栅层参数包括：周期为200nm、栅高为130nm、占空比为0.5。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的导光结构，其中，所述导光结构还包括：
    第一网点层，设于所述第一出光面的未设置所述偏振分束结构的位置和/或所述第一入光面的未设置所述第一偏振耦合光栅的位置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的导光结构，其中，所述导光结构还包括：
    第二网点层，设于所述第二出光面和/或所述第二入光面的未设置所述第二偏振耦合光栅的位置。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的导光结构，其中，所述导光结构还包括：
    第二网点层，设于所述第二出光面和/或所述第二入光面的未设置所述第二偏振耦合光栅的位置。
  11. 一种直下式背光模组，包括：
    权利要求1～10任意一项所述的导光结构；
    光源，与所述第一波导层相对设置，且位于所述第一入光面与第一偏振耦合光栅之间。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的直下式背光模组，其中，所述导光结构还包括第二网点层，所述第二网点层设于所述第二出光面和/或所述第二入光面的未设置所述第二偏振耦合光栅的位置；所述直下式背光模组还包括：
    荧光层，设于所述第二网点层的远离所述第二波导层的一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的直下式背光模组，其中，所述直下式背光模组还包括：
    扩散片，设于所述荧光层的远离所述第二网点层的一侧；
    棱镜层，设于所述扩散片的远离所述荧光层的一侧；
    反射层，设于所述第一偏振耦合光栅的远离所述第一波导层的一侧。
  14. 一种显示面板，其中，包括：
    权利要求11～13任意一项所述的直下式背光模组。
PCT/CN2018/086652 2017-09-27 2018-05-14 导光结构、直下式背光模组及显示面板 Ceased WO2019062137A1 (zh)

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