WO2019074082A1 - 難燃性材料 - Google Patents
難燃性材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019074082A1 WO2019074082A1 PCT/JP2018/038037 JP2018038037W WO2019074082A1 WO 2019074082 A1 WO2019074082 A1 WO 2019074082A1 JP 2018038037 W JP2018038037 W JP 2018038037W WO 2019074082 A1 WO2019074082 A1 WO 2019074082A1
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- flame retardant
- carbon fiber
- test
- resin
- retardant material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08J2361/16—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of ketones with phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2369/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/145—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/011—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0178—Cars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
- F17C2270/0189—Planes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
- F17C2270/0197—Rockets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to, for example, a flame retardant material (flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic) manufactured using carbon fibers and a resin.
- a flame retardant material flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- Composite materials are widely used in various structural parts where lightweight and high strength are required in aircrafts and space rockets, and in recent years also in automobiles and the like. Among them, most of the structure of the space rocket is occupied by a fuel tank, and as its material, metal materials such as aluminum alloy and titanium alloy are used. In order to improve the performance of a fuel tank, the use of a composite material typified by a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which has a higher specific strength than a metal material, is required (see Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, in order to reduce the space transportation cost significantly by making the space rocket reusable in the future, the weight reduction of the airframe structure can not be avoided, and the use of carbon fiber reinforced plastic is essential.
- liquid oxygen is often used as a propellant.
- carbon fibers and plastics may be ignited by their energy when an impact is applied for some reason in the presence of liquid oxygen, and there is a risk that the tank or the like may explode. For this reason, carbon fiber plastic could not be applied to a liquid oxygen tank.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a flame retardant material which can be used for a structure requiring flame retardancy such as a liquid oxygen tank for storing a liquid having a strong oxidizing property.
- carbon fiber reinforced plastics have been considered to be unsuitable for containers for liquid oxygen and the like because they have a large technical problem that they are easily ignited by impact energy in the presence of liquid oxygen.
- the present inventors conducted various studies in view of such problems, and as a result, found that carbon fibers having a high elastic modulus are difficult to ignite even in the presence of liquid oxygen. Furthermore, by combining this high elastic modulus carbon fiber with a specific flame retardant resin, a flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic that does not easily ignite even in the presence of a liquid having a strong oxidizing property such as liquid oxygen I found that I could do it.
- the present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- the present invention is as follows. [1] A flame retardant material comprising a carbon fiber having a tensile modulus of 700 Gpa or more. [2] The flame retardant material according to [1], which contains a carbon fiber having a tensile modulus of 700 Gpa or more and a flame retardant resin. [3] The flame retardant material according to [1] or [2], wherein the carbon fiber is pitch based carbon fiber.
- the flame retardant resin is characterized in that it is at least one resin selected from polycarbonate, polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, and perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymer.
- a liquid oxygen tank comprising a part or all of the flame retardant material as described in any one of [1] to [7].
- the flame retardant material of the present invention is not only flame retardant but also light in weight and high in strength. Therefore, it can be used, for example, as a material such as a tank for storing a liquid having a strong oxidizing property such as liquid oxygen.
- the flame retardant material of the present invention is characterized by containing a carbon fiber having a tensile elastic modulus of 700 Gpa or more, and preferably further contains a flame retardant resin.
- the flame retardant material of the present invention can be used for structural parts where flame retardancy and strength are required such as aircraft, space rockets, ships, automobiles, buildings, etc.
- space rockets and ground tank lorries It can be preferably used for a liquid oxygen tank.
- the carbon fiber in the present invention has a tensile modulus of 700 GPa or more, and preferably 750 GPa or more.
- the tensile modulus is in this range, the probability of ignition due to impact in the presence of liquid oxygen is sufficiently low.
- the upper limit of the tensile elastic modulus is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of formability, it is preferably 1200 GPa or less, more preferably 1000 GPa or less, and still more preferably 900 GPa or less.
- the tensile modulus of elasticity of carbon fibers refers to a value measured by the measurement method of JIS R 7606.
- Such carbon fibers in the present invention are 20 times in an impact test (liquid oxygen compatibility test) using an ABMA impact test apparatus conforming to the test method standard "D 2512-95" of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials).
- the number of ignitions at the time of the test is preferably 2 or less, more preferably 1 or less, and particularly preferably 0.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an ABMA type impact test apparatus used for an impact test in the present invention, in which (a) shows an overall schematic view and (b) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a test section.
- the type of carbon fiber of the present invention may be any type such as polyacrylonitrile type (PAN type), pitch type, rayon type, etc., but since the tensile elastic modulus tends to be high, pitch type carbon may be used. It is preferable that it is a fiber.
- the carbon fiber has a difference in the crystal structure of carbon due to the difference in the starting material, and the pitch system is characterized in that it is possible to obtain a graphitic fiber in which graphite crystals are highly oriented in the fiber axis direction compared to the PAN system. For example, when using mesophase pitch as a starting material, ultra-high modulus carbon fibers of over 900 GPa can be obtained.
- the flame retardant resin in the present invention is a resin having a low ignition probability due to impact in the presence of liquid oxygen. Specifically, in an impact test using an ABMA impact tester according to ASTM (US Material Testing Association) test method standard “D 2512-95”, a resin having an ignition frequency of 2 or less when tested 20 times And no more than one resin is preferred, and zero resin is particularly preferred.
- a flame retardant resin although it may be a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, a thermoplastic resin is preferable because of its low ignitability.
- a thermoplastic resin is preferable because of its low ignitability.
- the flame retardant thermoplastic resin mention may be made of polyacetal (POM), polycarbonate (PC), polyether imide (PEI), polyether sulfone (PES), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and fluorine resin.
- POM polyacetal
- PC polycarbonate
- PEI polyether imide
- PES polyether sulfone
- PEEK polyether ether ketone
- fluorine resin it can.
- Specific examples of the fluorine-based resin include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA).
- polycarbonate, polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, and perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymer are preferable, and polycarbonate, polyetheretherketone from the viewpoint of compositeability with carbon fiber. Is preferred.
- a polycarbonate is preferable. That is, as the flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic of the present invention, it is particularly preferable to contain a carbon fiber having a tensile modulus of 700 Gpa or more and a polycarbonate.
- Polycarbonate is easy to form an intermediate substrate such as prepreg, semipreg, etc. in combination with carbon fiber, and also easy to form a flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic. That is, the formation of a curved surface such as a fuel tank liner or the like, and the formation of a complicated shape can be easily performed.
- polycarbonate has a large breaking strain at a very low temperature of about -200.degree. C., and a flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic composited with this is unlikely to generate a matrix crack due to the very low temperature. Therefore, a flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic composited with polycarbonate is suitable as a material for a liquid oxygen tank.
- the pipe connected to the tank is usually made of metal, a metal cap is attached to the joint between the tank and the pipe.
- the metal material has a linear expansion coefficient higher than that of the composite material (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), and an internal pressure is applied to the tank, so interface peeling is likely to occur between the die and the composite material at cryogenic temperatures.
- polycarbonate can be suitably used for bonding (fusion) of the die and the tank (for example, a liner material made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic of the present invention using PC), thereby effectively preventing interfacial peeling. be able to.
- the risk of oxygen ignition can be avoided by using a flame retardant polycarbonate without using an adhesive that has the risk of ignition.
- the molding method of the flame-retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- an intermediate base material such as prepreg and semipreg with carbon fiber and flame-retardant resin
- the method of heat-forming can be mentioned.
- Semipreg is preferably used in terms of flexibility and shapeability.
- Examples of the heat molding method include an autoclave molding method and a vacuum bag molding method, but the invention is not limited to these molding methods.
- the flame retardant material in the present invention is particularly preferably used for all or part of the structure of the liquid oxygen tank. Specifically, for example, it can be suitably used as a liner of a liquid oxygen tank of a space rocket or a land tanker lorry.
- the test piece shape of the flame retardant resin was a coin shape having a diameter of 18.3 ⁇ 0.8 mm and a thickness of 1.27 ⁇ 0.13 mm.
- a carbon fiber sample After removing the sizing agent on the surface of the fiber by ultrasonic cleaning with acetone, it was cut into a width of about 15 mm, and 100 mg in total was aligned and oriented in the aluminum cup.
- the flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic was obtained by alternately laminating a carbon fiber cloth and a polycarbonate film (thickness: 50 ⁇ m) and hot-pressing the plate with an autoclave.
- PAN series-1 Toho Tenax Tenax, tensile modulus 240 GPa
- PAN series-2 Toray Trading Card, tensile modulus of 540 GPa
- PAN series-3 Toray Trading Card, tensile modulus 588 GPa
- Pitch system-1 Garnock made by Nippon Graphite Fiber, tensile modulus 52 GPa
- Pitch system-2 Garnier made by Nippon Graphite Fiber, tensile modulus 520 GPa
- Pitch system-3 Gnock made by Nippon Graphite Fiber, tensile modulus 628 GPa
- Pitch system-4 Dialead manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, tensile modulus 760 GPa
- Pitch system-5 (Granock, manufactured by Nippon Graph
- Table 1 shows the results of impact tests of carbon fibers. Moreover, the graph which showed the relationship between the tensile elasticity modulus of carbon fiber and an ignition probability in FIG. 2 is shown.
- thermoplastic resins flame retardant resins shown in Table 2 were used.
- Test results In Table 2, the result of the impact test of a thermoplastic resin (flame retardant resin) is shown.
- FIG. 1 shows polycarbonate (PC)
- PC polycarbonate
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- CFRTP flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic
- Example 1 A carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic plastic (CFRTP-PC) obtained by combining pitch-based carbon fiber (Granock (a tensile elastic modulus of 785 GPa, manufactured by Nippon Graphite Fiber Co., Ltd.) and PC) was used.
- CFRTP-PC carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic plastic
- the CFRTP sample is manufactured by Sakai Aubex Co., Ltd. after making a semipreg using carbon fiber and PC film (thickness 50 ⁇ m), using an autoclave (manufactured by Shibata, A-3312), pressure 3 MPa, temperature 300 ° C. It shape
- Table 3 shows the results of the impact test of the flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
- the flame-retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic (lowermost stage) of the present invention of Example 1 has been shown that the number of times of ignition is zero, and that it is compatible with liquid oxygen.
- the number of times of ignition of the carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin (CFRTP-PEEK) of Comparative Example 1 was 4 out of 8 and was flammable. This is considered to be attributable to the use of a carbon fiber having a low tensile modulus.
- the number of times of ignition of the carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic plastic (CFRTP-PC) of Comparative Example 2 was 6 out of 20 times of the number of tests. This is also considered to be due to the insufficient flame retardancy of the carbon fiber.
- the prepared semipreg was cut into 320 ⁇ 160 mm, and the cut product was laminated in 12 plies, bagged (bag-packed) at a bagging pressure of ⁇ 0.1 MPa, and set in a half mold for partial structure test (FIG. 5, FIG. 6).
- a Teflon (registered trademark) film was used as a bagging film (a packaging material for vacuum degassing).
- the molding temperature was 300 ° C.
- the molding pressure was 3 MPa
- the holding time was 30 minutes, and molding was performed by an autoclave.
- FIG. 7 shows the appearance of the flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRTP-PC) of the present invention after autoclave molding. As shown in FIG. 7, it was possible to perform curved surface molding with almost no problem in appearance.
- CFRTP-PC flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- ⁇ Tension test of PC> The tensile test of PC at normal temperature and in liquid nitrogen (-196 ° C.) was carried out using the test apparatus (Tensilon universal tester) shown in FIG. In addition, in consideration of the variation of the data, three tests at normal temperature and three tests at cryogenic temperature were performed. This device can be subjected to a tensile test and a compression test while the test piece is immersed in the cryogenic fluid by mounting a cryogenic chamber called a cryostat.
- FIG. 9 shows a stress-strain diagram of PC.
- the strain at break in liquid nitrogen was 12 to 15%.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the material used for the flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRTP-PC) is as follows: carbon fiber (elastic modulus 785 GPa) -1.5 ⁇ 10 -6 / ° C, PC 66 ⁇ 10 -6 Since the temperature is / ° C., the thermal strain in the case where the temperature decreases from normal temperature to ⁇ 200 ° C. is ⁇ 0.03% for carbon fibers and 1.4% for PC. Therefore, the fracture strain of PC outweighs the thermal strain, and it is considered that CFRTP-PC is less likely to generate a matrix crack due to the extremely low temperature.
- the flame retardant material of the present invention is industrially useful because it has noncombustibility even in the presence of a substance having strong oxidizing properties such as liquid oxygen and is applicable to a liquid oxygen tank and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、このような問題点に鑑み、種々の検討を行った結果、高い弾性率の炭素繊維が、液体酸素の存在下においても着火しにくいことを知見した。さらに、この高い弾性率の炭素繊維と特定の難燃性樹脂と複合化することにより、液体酸素などの強い酸化性を有する液体の存在下でも着火しにくい難燃性炭素繊維強化プラスチックとすることができることを見いだした。本発明は、これらの知見をもとに完成されたものである。
[1]引張弾性率が700Gpa以上である炭素繊維を含むことを特徴とする難燃性材料。
[2]引張弾性率が700Gpa以上である炭素繊維と、難燃性樹脂とを含むことを特徴とする[1]記載の難燃性材料。
[3]炭素繊維が、ピッチ系炭素繊維であることを特徴とする[1]又は[2]記載の難燃性材料。
[4]難燃性樹脂が、ASTM(米国材料試験協会)の試験法規格「D2512‐95」に準拠したABMA型衝撃試験装置による衝撃試験において、20回試験を行った場合の着火回数が2回以下の樹脂であることを特徴とする[2]又は[3]記載の難燃性材料。
[5]難燃性樹脂が、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、エチレンテトラフルオロエチレン、及びパーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体から選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂であることを特徴とする[2]~[4]のいずれか記載の難燃性材料。
[6]難燃性樹脂が、ポリカーボネートであることを特徴とする[5]記載の難燃性材料。
[7]液体酸素タンクに用いられることを特徴とする[1]~[6]のいずれか記載の難燃性材料。
[8][1]~[7]のいずれか記載の難燃性材料からその一部又は全部が構成されることを特徴とする液体酸素タンク。
本発明における炭素繊維は、上記のように、引張弾性率が700GPa以上であり、750GPa以上であることが好ましい。引張弾性率がこの範囲にあると、液体酸素存在下における衝撃による着火確率が十分に低い。一方、引張弾性率の上限は特に制限されないが、成形性の点から、1200GPa以下であることが好ましく、1000GPa以下であることがより好ましく、900GPa以下であることがさらに好ましい。ここで、炭素繊維の引張弾性率は、JIS R 7606の測定法により測定した値をいう。
まず、図1(b)に示すアルミカップ内に設置した試料の上にストライカーピンを立て、アルミカップ内に液体酸素(LOX)を充填した後、重さ9.07kg(20lb)のおもりを1.1mの高さからストライカーピン上端へ落下させる。その衝撃力(衝撃エネルギー:97.9J)で試料が着火するかどうかをビデオ撮影により観察する。試験は、同一材料で20回試験を行う。着火回数が少ないほど難燃性であることを示し、例えば、1回も着火しなかった場合、「LOX適合性あり」と判定する。
本発明における難燃性樹脂は、液体酸素の存在下で衝撃による着火確率が低い樹脂である。具体的には、ASTM(米国材料試験協会)の試験法規格「D2512‐95」に準拠したABMA型衝撃試験装置による衝撃試験において、20回試験を行った場合の着火回数が2回以下の樹脂であり、1回以下の樹脂が好ましく、0回の樹脂が特に好ましい。
(試験方法)
本実施例における液体酸素(LOX)適合性は、図1に示すASTM(米国材料試験協会)の試験法規格「D2512‐95」に準拠したABMA型衝撃試験装置を用いた衝撃試験により評価した。具体的には、アルミカップ内に設置した試料の上にストライカーピンを立て、アルミカップ内に液体酸素を充填した後、重さ9.07kg(20lb)のおもりを1.1mの高さからストライカーピン上端へ落下させ、その衝撃力(衝撃エネルギー:97.9J)で試料が着火するかどうかをビデオ撮影により観察した。炭素繊維、難燃性樹脂、難燃性炭素繊維強化プラスチックのそれぞれについて、同一材料で20回試験を行った。着火回数が少ないほど難燃性であることを示し、1回も着火しなかった場合、「LOX適合性あり」と判定した。
本試験における炭素繊維は、引張弾性率が異なるPAN系及びピッチ系の炭素繊維を用いた。用いた炭素繊維の詳細を以下に示す。
PAN系-1(東邦テナックス社製テナックス、引張弾性率240GPa)
PAN系-2(東レ社製トレカ、引張弾性率540GPa)
PAN系-3(東レ社製トレカ、引張弾性率588GPa)
ピッチ系-1(日本グラファイトファイバー社製グラノック、引張弾性率52GPa)
ピッチ系-2(日本グラファイトファイバー社製グラノック、引張弾性率520GPa)
ピッチ系-3(日本グラファイトファイバー社製グラノック、引張弾性率628GPa)
ピッチ系-4(三菱ケミカル社製ダイアリード、引張弾性率760GPa)
ピッチ系-5(日本グラファイトファイバー社製グラノック、引張弾性率920GPa)
表1に、炭素繊維の衝撃試験の結果を示す。また、図2に、炭素繊維の引張弾性率と着火確率との関係を示したグラフを示す。
本試験においては、表2に示す熱可塑性樹脂(難燃性樹脂)を用いた。
(試験結果)
表2に、熱可塑性樹脂(難燃性樹脂)の衝撃試験の結果を示す。
本試験においては、難燃性炭素繊維強化熱可塑性プラスチック(CFRTP)として、以下のものを用いた。
(比較例1)
PAN系炭素繊維(炭素繊維の液体酸素適合性試験で用いた炭素繊維PAN系-1(240GPa)のUD(UniDerection)の0°/90°交互積層)と、PEEKとを組み合わせた炭素繊維強化熱可塑性プラスチック(CFRTP-PEEK)を用いた。
(比較例2)
PAN系炭素繊維(炭素繊維の液体酸素適合性試験で用いた炭素繊維PAN系-3(588GPa)のクロス)とPCとを組み合わせた炭素繊維強化熱可塑性プラスチック(CFRTP-PC)を用いた。
(実施例1)
ピッチ系炭素繊維(日本グラファイトファイバー社製グラノック(引張弾性率785GPa)のクロス)とPCとを組み合わせた炭素繊維強化熱可塑性プラスチック(CFRTP-PC)を用いた。
(中間基材の作製)
サカイオーベックス株式会社にて、弾性率785GPaのPAN系炭素繊維のクロスとPCフィルム(厚み50μm)を用いたセミプレグ、プリプレグを作製し、いずれも問題なく作製できることを確認した。図4に、作製したセミププレグの写真を示す。
作製したセミプレグを320×160mmに裁断し、裁断したものを12ply積層してバギング圧-0.1MPaでバギング(袋詰め)し、部分構造試験用の半割り成形型にセットした(図5,図6)。裁断物のバギングは、バギングフィルム(真空脱気用包材)としてテフロン(登録商標)フィルムを用いた。成形温度は300℃、成形圧力3MPa、保持時間は30分とし、オートクレーブにより成形した。
従来の成形温度が330℃を超える成形方法では、バギングフィルムとして、柔軟性が悪く破れやすいポリイミド製フィルムを使用する必要があり、うまく真空引きできないという難点があったが、PCを用いることにより成形温度を低くすることができることから、バギングフィルムとして柔軟で賦形性のよいテフロン(登録商標)フィルムを用いることが可能となり、従来の問題点が解消された。
図8に示す試験装置(テンシロン万能試験機)を用いて、常温及び液体窒素中(-196℃)におけるPCの引張り試験を実施した。なお、データのばらつきを考慮して、常温3回、極低温3回の試験を行った。本装置は、クライオスタットとよばれる極低温槽を装着することにより、極低温流体中に試験片を浸したまま引張試験や圧縮試験ができる。
Claims (8)
- 引張弾性率が700Gpa以上である炭素繊維を含むことを特徴とする難燃性材料。
- 引張弾性率が700Gpa以上である炭素繊維と、難燃性樹脂とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の難燃性材料。
- 炭素繊維が、ピッチ系炭素繊維であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の難燃性材料。
- 難燃性樹脂が、ASTM(米国材料試験協会)の試験法規格「D2512‐95」に準拠したABMA型衝撃試験装置による衝撃試験において、20回試験を行った場合の着火回数が2回以下の樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項2又は3記載の難燃性材料。
- 難燃性樹脂が、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、エチレンテトラフルオロエチレン、及びパーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体から選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれか記載の難燃性材料。
- 難燃性樹脂が、ポリカーボネートであることを特徴とする請求項5記載の難燃性材料。
- 液体酸素タンクに用いられることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか記載の難燃性材料。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか記載の難燃性材料からその一部又は全部が構成されることを特徴とする液体酸素タンク。
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| EP18866123.5A EP3696213B1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2018-10-12 | Liquid oxygen tank comprising a flame retardant material |
| US16/755,355 US11920076B2 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2018-10-12 | Fire retardant material |
| JP2019548250A JP7111311B2 (ja) | 2017-10-13 | 2018-10-12 | 難燃性材料 |
| CN201880066023.9A CN111201269A (zh) | 2017-10-13 | 2018-10-12 | 阻燃性材料 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110643161A (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-03 | 天津金发新材料有限公司 | 一种聚碳酸酯组合物及其制备方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US11920076B2 (en) | 2024-03-05 |
| EP3696213A1 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
| CN111201269A (zh) | 2020-05-26 |
| JP7111311B2 (ja) | 2022-08-02 |
| EP3696213A4 (en) | 2021-06-23 |
| US20200299583A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
| JPWO2019074082A1 (ja) | 2020-11-05 |
| EP3696213B1 (en) | 2026-02-11 |
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