WO2019080325A1 - 目镜及头戴显示设备 - Google Patents

目镜及头戴显示设备

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Publication number
WO2019080325A1
WO2019080325A1 PCT/CN2017/117040 CN2017117040W WO2019080325A1 WO 2019080325 A1 WO2019080325 A1 WO 2019080325A1 CN 2017117040 W CN2017117040 W CN 2017117040W WO 2019080325 A1 WO2019080325 A1 WO 2019080325A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
display device
eyepiece
positive lens
ttl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/117040
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨春
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goertek Techology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Goertek Techology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goertek Techology Co Ltd filed Critical Goertek Techology Co Ltd
Priority to EP17879652.0A priority Critical patent/EP3702824B1/en
Priority to KR1020187016869A priority patent/KR102084342B1/ko
Priority to JP2018531461A priority patent/JP6683814B2/ja
Priority to US16/065,586 priority patent/US10928634B2/en
Priority to CA3008867A priority patent/CA3008867C/en
Publication of WO2019080325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019080325A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/16—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use in conjunction with image converters or intensifiers, or for use with projectors, e.g. objectives for projection TV
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B25/00—Eyepieces; Magnifying glasses
    • G02B25/001—Eyepieces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0176—Head mounted characterised by mechanical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
    • G02B2027/0152—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features involving arrangement aiming to get lighter or better balanced devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of virtual reality technologies, and in particular, to an eyepiece and a head mounted display device.
  • VR Virtual Reality
  • VR Virtual Reality
  • VR head-mounted display device uses a screen used by a mobile phone as a display device, and the size of such a screen is usually large, about 2-5 inches.
  • an eyepiece optical system that cooperates with such a larger display device generally has a long axial distance.
  • An eyepiece with a long axial distance cannot meet the demand for slimming of the head mounted display device.
  • aspects of the present invention provide an eyepiece and a head-mounted display device, which realize an ultra-thin eyepiece optical system, which is advantageous for further miniaturization and weight reduction of the head-mounted display device.
  • the present invention provides an eyepiece comprising: a positive lens and a negative lens disposed coaxially in sequence;
  • the light incident surface of the positive lens is a plane Fresnel surface, and the light exit surface is a convex surface;
  • the light incident surface of the lens is concave, and the light emitting surface is convex;
  • the light to be observed is incident on the light incident surface of the negative lens, is refracted by the negative lens to the light incident surface of the positive lens, and is then emitted through the positive lens.
  • the light emitting surface of the positive lens is a convex aspheric surface.
  • the refractive index n1 and the dispersion v1 of the positive lens satisfy the following conditions: 1.5 ⁇ n1 ⁇ 1.55, 55 ⁇ v1 ⁇ 60; the refractive index n2 and the dispersion v2 of the negative lens satisfy the following condition: 1.5 ⁇ n2 ⁇ 1.55, 55 ⁇ v2 ⁇ 60.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a head-mounted display device, comprising the eyepiece provided by the embodiment of the invention and a display device coaxial with the eyepiece; the screen light emitted by the display device is refracted by the eyepiece and enters the human eye.
  • the distance TTL of the center point of the light-emitting surface of the positive lens to the center point of the display screen of the display device is less than 32 mm.
  • the distance T0 from the center point of the positive lens to the human eye satisfies the following condition: 0.35 TTL ⁇ T0 ⁇ 0.45 TTL; the center thickness T1 of the positive lens satisfies the following condition: 0.09 TTL ⁇ T1 ⁇ 0.1 TTL.
  • the center thickness T2 of the negative lens satisfies the following condition: 0.09 TTL ⁇ T2 ⁇ 0.1 TTL.
  • the focal length F of the device satisfies the following condition: 0.9 TTL ⁇ F ⁇ 0.95 TTL.
  • the Fresnel curvature radius R of the light incident surface of the positive lens satisfies the following condition: -0.6F ⁇ R ⁇ -0.65F.
  • the focal length of the negative lens satisfies the following condition: -700 ⁇ F2 ⁇ 0; the focal length F1 ⁇ F of the positive lens.
  • an eyepiece optical system is constructed by using positive and negative lenses having a simple structure.
  • the light-emitting surface of the positive lens is a convex surface, and the light-incident surface is a planar Fresnel surface;
  • the light-incident surface of the negative lens is a concave surface, and the light-emitting surface is a convex surface.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of an eyepiece according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of a head mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2a is an MTF curve of a head mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention at a limit resolution of a display device;
  • 2b is an MTF curve of a head mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention at a limit resolution of 1/2 of a display device;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of optical curvature and distortion of a head mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system color difference curve of a head mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of an eyepiece according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1a, the optical system of the eyepiece comprises:
  • the positive lens 11 and the negative lens 12 are disposed coaxially in this order, and the light incident surface Si1 of the positive lens 11 is close to The light exiting surface Se2 of the negative lens.
  • the light incident surface Si2 of the negative lens 12 is a concave surface
  • the light exit surface Se2 is a convex surface.
  • the concave surface of Si2 ensures that the negative lens 12 has a high light collecting efficiency, and can receive and transmit the light to be observed as much as possible.
  • Se2 is a convex surface and has a large angle of refraction, so that light having a large divergence angle can be incident on the light incident surface Si1 of the positive lens 11 with a large incident height and a small divergence angle.
  • the edge ray incident on Si1 and the chief ray have a large opening angle with respect to the human eye and a small incident angle of light, thereby achieving an object of increasing the angle of view.
  • the light incident surface Si1 of the positive lens 11 is a planar Fresnel surface, and the light exit surface Se1 is a convex surface.
  • Si1 collects the light incident on it, shapes the light and reaches Se1 at the desired angle.
  • Se1 is a convex surface and has a large angle of refraction, which can further increase the angle of view.
  • Se1 can be designed as a convex aspheric surface.
  • the curvature radius of the convex aspheric surface changes continuously from the center to the edge, and the direction of each outgoing light can be accurately controlled, so that the emitted light is emitted to the human eye at a set angle to increase the angle of view. Correction of aberrations.
  • the reverse design may be performed to obtain a convex aspheric surface Se1 having a varying radius of curvature.
  • the surface shape of Se1 can be designed as an even aspherical surface.
  • Se1 can be designed as a facet model with the following aspherical equations as follows:
  • z is the coordinate along the optical axis direction
  • r is the radial coordinate along the height direction of the lens
  • ai is the coefficient of each even term.
  • the surface shape of the Se1 may be designed to be an odd aspherical surface.
  • Se1 can be designed as a facet with the odd-order aspheric equation shown below:
  • ⁇ i is the coefficient of each odd term.
  • a plastic material may be used when processing the positive lens 11 and the negative lens 12.
  • the plastic material is easy to process and its light weight makes it the basis for the lightweight of the eyepiece optical system.
  • the refractive index n1 and the dispersion v1 of the positive lens 11 can satisfy the following conditions: 1.5 ⁇ n1 ⁇ 1.55, 55 ⁇ v1 ⁇ 60; the refractive index n2 of the negative lens 12 and the dispersion v2 satisfy the following conditions: 1.5 ⁇ n2 ⁇ 1.55, 55 ⁇ v1 ⁇ 60.
  • the embodiment selects a positive lens and a negative lens by using a plastic material of the K26R model.
  • the plastic material of the K26R model has a refractive index of 1.535 and a dispersion of 55.6.
  • the eyepiece provided in this embodiment is composed of positive and negative lenses having a simple structure.
  • the light-emitting surface of the positive lens is a convex surface, and the light-incident surface is a planar Fresnel surface;
  • the light-incident surface of the negative lens is a concave surface, and the light-emitting surface is a convex surface.
  • Such an eyepiece structure greatly reduces the thickness of the lens while ensuring good optical performance of the positive and negative lenses, and realizes an ultra-thin eyepiece optical system, which is advantageous for further miniaturization and weight reduction of the head-mounted display device.
  • the light-emitting surface of the positive lens 11 is a convex aspherical surface, which corrects the aberration of the overall eyepiece optical system to a certain extent, so that the image quality of the eyepiece is excellent and the image is clear.
  • the eyepiece composed of positive and negative lenses can correct the chromatic aberration of the overall optical system of the eyepiece, improve the image quality, and has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of a head mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1b, the head mounted display device comprises:
  • the positive lens 11, the negative lens 12, and the display device 13 are disposed coaxially in this order.
  • the light incident surface Si1 of the positive lens 11 is close to the light exit surface Se2 of the negative lens, and the light incident surface Si2 of the negative lens is close to the display device 13.
  • the display device 13 may be a display device with a larger size, such as a display device of a mobile phone or an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
  • a display device of a mobile phone or an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • the distance from the center point of the display screen of the display device 13 to the center point of the light-emitting surface Se1 of the positive lens 11 is TTL (total track length).
  • TTL total track length
  • the position of the human eye is the exit position of the eyepiece optical system.
  • the distance from the center point of the light-emitting surface Se1 of the positive lens 11 to the human eye is defined as T0.
  • the length of T0 can be set to satisfy the following conditions: 0.35 TTL ⁇ T0 ⁇ 0.45 TTL.
  • the length T0 can be controlled by providing an adjustable support member on the head mounted display device, taking into account different head shapes of different users.
  • the center thickness T1 of the positive lens 11 can be designed to satisfy the following condition: 0.09 TTL ⁇ T1 ⁇ 0.1 TTL
  • the center thickness T2 of the negative lens 12 satisfies the following condition: 0.09 TTL ⁇ T2 ⁇ 0.1 TTL
  • the focal length F of the device satisfies the following condition: 0.9 TTL ⁇ F ⁇ 0.95 TTL.
  • the Fresnel curvature radius R of the light incident surface Si1 of the positive lens 11 can be designed to satisfy the following condition: -0.6F ⁇ R ⁇ -0.65F; the focal length F1 ⁇ F of the positive lens 11 and the focal length of the negative lens 12- 700 ⁇ F2 ⁇ 0.
  • F 29.24 mm
  • F1 28.78 mm
  • F2 -677.6 mm
  • the above structure and parameter design enable the half field of view ⁇ of the eyepiece optical system to reach about 98°, that is, tan ⁇ is between 1.1 and 1.2. Further, when the user wears the head-mounted display device to view the virtual scene, the wearing pressure is small, and a deep immersion and a sense of reality can be generated.
  • the eyepiece matching display device can achieve a shorter axial distance and an angle of view of about 98°, making it more compact and lighter while ensuring that the head mounted display device has a sufficiently large field of view. Quantify.
  • Table 1 The optical system of the head mounted display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described in conjunction with Table 1 and Table 2 in a specific example.
  • Table 1 A possible design result is shown in Table 1.
  • Surface represents the optical surface sequentially numbered from the human eye to the display device, and Type represents each The surface type of the optical surface, C indicates the curvature of each optical surface, T indicates the distance between each optical surface and the latter optical surface, Glass indicates the material of each optical surface, Semi-Diameter indicates the aperture of each optical surface, and Conic indicates the quadric surface. constant.
  • Surface 1 is the plane where the human eye is located
  • Surface 2 is the light-emitting surface Se1 of the positive lens 11
  • Surface 3 is the light-incident surface Si1 of the positive lens 11
  • Surface 4 is the light-emitting surface Se2 of the negative lens 12
  • Surface 5 is the entrance of the negative lens 12.
  • the smooth surface Si2 and the surface 6 are display screens of the display device 13.
  • the thickness of the positive lens 11 is 3 mm
  • the distance from the center point of the light-emitting surface Se1 to the human eye is 13 mm
  • the radius of curvature of the center point of Se1 is 118.402 mm, Si1.
  • the Fresnel radius of curvature is -17.642.
  • the thickness of the negative lens 12 is 3 mm
  • the radius of curvature of the center point of the light exit surface Se2 is 53.788 mm
  • the distance between the center points of Se2 and Si1 is 2.272 mm
  • the radius of curvature of the center point of the light incident surface Si2 is 45.955 mm.
  • the distance between the Si2 and the display screen of the display device 13 is 23.748 mm
  • the thickness of the display device is 26.23 mm.
  • the imaging quality of the designed optical system can be analyzed by drawing an MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) curve, an optical field curvature and a distortion map, a point map, and a color difference graph.
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • FIG. 2a is an MTF curve of an eyepiece optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention at a limit resolution of a display device
  • FIG. 2b is an MTF curve at a limit resolution of 1/2 of a display device.
  • the various colors represent the respective field of view rays
  • the abscissa represents the distance from the point on the optical system to the center of the optical system
  • the vertical axis represents the percentage of the image quality that is close to the object.
  • the MTF can comprehensively reflect the imaging quality of the optical system, the smoother the curve shape, and the higher the height relative to the X axis (ie, the closer to 1), the better the imaging quality of the optical system.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of optical curvature and distortion of an eyepiece optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the left diagram of Figure 3 illustrates the Field Curvature, where different colors represent different wavelengths, solid lines are represented as tangential field curvatures, and dashed lines represent sagittal field curvatures.
  • the astigmatism of the optical system. Astigmatism and field curvature are important aberrations affecting the off-axis field of view.
  • the astigmatism overhauls the imaging quality of the system's off-axis light.
  • the curvature of field will cause the center and edge to be optimally imaged not in a plane. As can be seen from the left diagram of Fig.
  • the field curvature and astigmatism of the optical system provided by this embodiment are corrected to within 5 mm.
  • the distortion of the optical system provided by this embodiment (F-Tan (theta) distortion) is less than 25%.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a point of an eyepiece optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dot-column diagram shows the diffuse spot formed by the convergence of the various fields of view of the optical system at the image plane.
  • Point column RMS Root Mean Square, the root mean square
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system color difference curve of an eyepiece optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the horizontal axis represents the chromatic aberration
  • the vertical axis represents the angle of view.
  • the degree of deviation of the curve from the vertical axis represents the change in chromatic aberration, and the greater the degree of deviation, the greater the chromatic aberration.
  • the maximum half field angle is 49°, and the color difference can be controlled within the range of 350 um.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

一种目镜及头戴显示设备，其中，目镜包括：同轴依次设置的正透镜（11）以及负透镜（12）；其中，正透镜（11）的入光面（Si1）为平面菲涅尔面，出光面（Se1）为凸面；负透镜（12）的入光面（Si2）为凹面，出光面（Se2）为凸面；待观测光线入射在负透镜（12）的入光面（Si2）上，由负透镜（12）折射至正透镜（11）的入光面（Si1），再经正透镜（11）折射后进入人眼，实现了超薄目镜光学系统，有利于头戴显示设备更加小型化、轻量化。

Description

目镜及头戴显示设备
交叉引用
本申请引用于2017年10月24日递交的名称为“目镜及头戴显示设备”的第2017110033128号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及虚拟现实技术领域，尤其涉及一种目镜及头戴显示设备。
背景技术
VR(Virtual Reality，虚拟现实)技术是一种可以创建和体验虚拟世界的计算机仿真系统，它利用计算机生成一种模拟环境，并通过多源信息融合的、交互式的三维动态视景和实体行为的系统仿真使用户沉浸到该模拟环境中。随着技术的发展，VR头戴显示设备在诸如游戏，房地产，旅游等领域中有了广泛的应用。
目前，一种类型的VR头戴显示设备采用手机使用的屏幕作为显示器件，这种屏幕的尺寸通常较大，在2-5英寸左右。现有的头戴显示设备中，与这种尺寸较大的显示器件配合的目镜光学系统，通常具有轴向距离长的特点。轴向距离长的目镜无法满足对头戴显示设备的轻薄化的需求。
发明内容
本发明的多个方面提供一种目镜及头戴显示设备，实现了超薄目镜光学系统，有利于头戴显示设备更加小型化、轻量化。
本发明提供一种目镜，包括：同轴依次设置的正透镜以及负透镜；
其中，所述正透镜的入光面为平面菲涅尔面，出光面为凸面；所述负 透镜的入光面为凹面，出光面为凸面；
待观测光线入射在所述负透镜的入光面上，由所述负透镜折射至所述正透镜的入光面，再经所述正透镜出射。
进一步可选地，所述正透镜的出光面为凸非球面。
进一步可选地，所述正透镜的折射率n1和色散v1满足如下条件：1.5＜n1＜1.55、55＜v1＜60；所述负透镜的折射率n2和色散v2满足如下条件：1.5＜n2＜1.55、55＜v2＜60。
本发明实施例还提供一种头戴显示设备，包括本发明实施例提供的目镜以及与所述目镜同轴的显示器件；所述显示器件发出的屏幕光线经所述目镜折射后进入人眼。
进一步可选地，所述正透镜的出光面的中心点到所述显示器件的显示屏的中心点的距离TTL小于32mm。
进一步可选地，所述正透镜的中心点到人眼的距离T0满足如下条件：0.35TTL<T0<0.45TTL；所述正透镜的中心厚度T1满足如下条件：0.09TTL<T1<0.1TTL。
进一步可选地，所述负透镜的中心厚度T2满足如下条件：0.09TTL<T2<0.1TTL。
进一步可选地，所述设备的焦距F满足如下条件：0.9TTL<F<0.95TTL。
进一步可选地，所述正透镜的入光面的菲涅尔曲率半径R满足如下条件：-0.6F<R<-0.65F。
进一步可选地，所述负透镜的焦距满足如下条件：-700<F2<0；所述正透镜的焦距F1<F。
本发明提供的目镜及头戴显示设备中，采用结构简单的正、负透镜构成目镜光学系统。其中，正透镜的出光面为凸面，入光面为平面菲涅尔面；负透镜的入光面为凹面，出光面为凸面。这样的目镜结构，在确保正、负 透镜的光学性能良好的情况下，极大减小了透镜的厚度，实现了超薄目镜光学系统，有利于头戴显示设备更加小型化、轻量化。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1a为本发明一实施例提供的目镜的结构示意图；
图1b为本发明一实施例提供的头戴显示设备的结构示意图；
图2a是本发明实施例提供的头戴显示设备在显示器件极限分辨率下的MTF曲线；
图2b是本发明实施例提供的头戴显示设备在显示器件1/2极限分辨率下的MTF曲线；
图3是本发明实施例提供的头戴显示设备的光学场曲和畸变的一示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的头戴显示设备的一点列图示意；
图5是本发明实施例提供的头戴显示设备的系统色差曲线的一示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明具体实施例及相应的附图对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1a为本发明一实施例提供的目镜的结构示意图。如图1a所示，该目镜的光学系统包括：
同轴依次设置的正透镜11以及负透镜12，正透镜11的入光面Si1靠近 负透镜的出光面Se2。
其中，负透镜12的入光面Si2为凹面，出光面Se2为凸面。当待观测光线入射时，Si2为凹面可确保负透镜12具有较高的集光效率，能够尽可能地接收并传递待观测光线。Se2为凸面，具有大角度折光的作用，能够使得发散角较大的光线，以较大的入射高度以及较小的发散角入射在正透镜11的入光面Si1上。进而，入射在Si1上的边缘光线以及主光线相对于人眼具有较大的张角以及较小的光线入射高度，实现了增大视场角的目的。
其中，正透镜11的入光面Si1为平面菲涅尔面，出光面Se1为凸面。当有光线入射在Si1上时，Si1可收集入射至其上的光线，对该光线整形并以要求的角度到达Se1。Se1为凸面，具有大角度折光的作用，能够进一步增大视场角。
可选的，Se1可以设计为凸非球面。凸非球面的曲率半径从中心到边缘连续发生特定变化，可以准确地控制每条出射光线的走向，使得出射光线以设定的角度出射至人眼处，以在增大视场角的同时进行像差的校正。
在本实施例中，可选的，在确定像差校正需求以及光线的偏折度需求后，可进行反向设计，得到具有变化的曲率半径的凸非球面Se1。在一可选实施方式中，为保证加工及检测的便捷性，可设计Se1的面型为偶次非球面。Se1可如下所示的偶次非球面方程进行面型设计：
Figure PCTCN2017117040-appb-000001
其中，z表示沿光轴方向的坐标，r为沿透镜高度方向的径向坐标；c为与非球面的中心点的曲率相关的二次项系数，c＝1/r0，r0为非球面中心点的曲率半径；k为圆锥系数，k＝-e2；ai为各偶次项的系数。可选的，本实施例在实际设计时，可选取N＝3，也就是偶次项最高到6次方。
可选的，本实施例中也可以可设计Se1的面型为奇次非球面。Se1可如下所示的奇次非球面方程进行面型设计：
Figure PCTCN2017117040-appb-000002
其中，βi为各奇次项的系数。
在一可选实施方式中，在加工正透镜11以及负透镜12时，可选用塑料材质。塑料材质易于加工，且其质量较轻，为目镜光学系统的轻量化奠定了基础。其中，正透镜11的折射率n1和色散v1可满足如下条件：1.5＜n1＜1.55、55＜v1＜60；负透镜12的折射率n2和色散v2满足如下条件：1.5＜n2＜1.55、55＜v1＜60。可选的，在实际加工时，本实施例选用K26R型号的塑料材质加工正透镜以及负透镜。K26R型号的塑料材质的折射率为1.535，色散为55.6。
本实施例提供的目镜，由结构简单的正、负透镜构成。其中，正透镜的出光面为凸面，入光面为平面菲涅尔面；负透镜的入光面为凹面，出光面为凸面。这样的目镜结构，在确保正、负透镜的光学性能良好的情况下，极大减小了透镜的厚度，实现了超薄目镜光学系统，有利于头戴显示设备更加小型化、轻量化。其次，正透镜11的出光面为凸非球面，在一定程度上校正了整体目镜光学系统的像差，使得目镜成像质量优良，图像清晰。除此之外，由正负透镜组成的目镜，能够校正目镜整体光学系统的色差，提高成像质量，且具有结构简单以及成本低的优势。
图1b为本发明一实施例提供的头戴显示设备的结构示意图。如图1b所示，该头戴显示设备包括：
同轴依次设置的正透镜11、负透镜12以及显示器件13。其中，正透镜11的入光面Si1靠近负透镜的出光面Se2，负透镜的入光面Si2靠近显示器件13。
可选的，在本实施例中，显示器件13可以是尺寸较大的显示器件，例如手机的显示器件或LCD(Liquid Crystal Display,液晶显示器件)等。
如图1b所示，定义显示器件13的显示屏的中心点到正透镜11的出光面Se1的中心点的距离为TTL(total track length，光线追迹长度)。本实施例提供的头戴显示设备中，由于正透镜11以及负透镜12具有较强的折光能 力以及较薄的体积，TTL可以达到32mm以下。相对于现有的采用大显示屏的头戴显示设备，本实施例中较小的TTL极大缩小了头戴显示设备的体积。
如图1b所示，用户佩戴本实施例提供的头戴显示设备后，人眼所在的位置为目镜光学系统的出瞳位置。定义正透镜11的出光面Se1的中心点到人眼的距离为T0。为确保用户佩戴头戴显示设备之后，能够观看到效果较好的图像，可设置T0的长度满足如下条件：0.35TTL<T0<0.45TTL。可选的，考虑到不同用户的头型不同，该长度T0可通过在头戴显示设备上设置可调节的支撑部件来控制。
可选的，在本实施例中，为确保目镜中的两个透镜具有较薄的厚度以及较好的光学性能，可设计正透镜11的中心厚度T1满足如下条件：0.09TTL<T1<0.1TTL；负透镜12的中心厚度T2满足如下条件：0.09TTL<T2<0.1TTL；设备的焦距F满足如下条件：0.9TTL<F<0.95TTL。可选的，可设计正透镜11的入光面Si1的菲涅尔曲率半径R满足如下条件：-0.6F<R<-0.65F；正透镜11的焦距F1<F，负透镜12的焦距-700<F2<0。例如，经反复优化，在显示器件13的显示芯片像元尺寸为39um的情况下，可选取F＝29.24mm、F1＝28.78mm、F2＝-677.6mm。
在本实施例中，上述的结构以及参数设计，能够使得目镜光学系统的半视场角θ达到98°左右，也就是说tanθ在1.1到1.2之间。进而，用户佩戴头戴显示设备观看虚拟场景时，佩戴压力小，且能够产生较深的沉浸感与真实感。
在本实施例中，目镜配合显示器件能够实现较短的轴向距离以及约98°的视场角，在保证头戴显示设备具有足够大的视场角的同时，使其更加小型化以及轻量化。
以下部分将结合表1以及表2，以一个具体的例子对本发明实施例提供的头戴显示设备的光学系统进行具体阐述。表1中展示了一种可行的设计结果，在表1中，Surface表示从人眼到显示器件依序编号的光学面，Type表示各 光学面的面型，C表示各光学面的曲率、T表示各光学面与后一光学表面的距离，Glass表示各光学面的材质，Semi-Diameter表示各光学面的孔径，Conic表示二次曲面常量。
表1
Figure PCTCN2017117040-appb-000003
在表1中，Surface1为人眼所在的平面、Surface2为正透镜11的出光面Se1、Surface3为正透镜11的入光面Si1、Surface4为负透镜12的出光面Se2、Surface5为负透镜12的入光面Si2、Surface6为显示器件13的显示屏。
如表1所示，在一种可行的设计方式中，正透镜11的厚度为3mm，其出光面Se1的中心点至人眼的距离为13mm，Se1的中心点的曲率半径为118.402mm，Si1的菲涅尔曲率半径为-17.642。负透镜12的厚度为3mm,其出光面Se2的中心点的曲率半径为53.788mm，且Se2与Si1的中心点之间的距离为2.272mm，入光面Si2的中心点的曲率半径为45.955mm。Si2与显示器件13的显示屏之间的距离为23.748mm，显示器件的厚度为26.23mm。
在这样的设计中，光学系统的TTL＝3+2.26+3+23.74＝32mm，轴向长度相对于现有技术极大缩小。
在本设计中，偶次非球面系数α2、α3、α4可为如下表格所示：
表2
Surface α2 α3
1 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
2 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
3 -3.70E-06 -3.73E-09
4 2.92E-05 -4.83E-08
5 3.59E-05 -5.87E-08
6 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
7 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
8 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
基于上述设计，可通过绘制MTF(Modulation Transfer Function，调制传递函数)曲线、光学场曲和畸变图、点列图以及色差曲线图来对设计得到的光学系统的成像质量进行分析。
图2a是本发明实施例提供的目镜光学系统在显示器件极限分辨率下的MTF曲线，图2b是在显示器件1/2极限分辨率下的MTF曲线。图2a以及图2b中，各种颜色分别代表各个视场光线，横坐标表示光学系统上的点到光学系统中心的距离，纵轴代表成像质量接近实物的百分比。MTF可以综合反映光学系统的成像质量，其曲线形状越平滑，且相对X轴的高度越高(即越接近1)，证明该光学系统的成像质量越好。在图2a以及图2b中，各种颜色的曲线较为平滑紧凑，曲线所表征的MTF值很高。图2b中，在显示器件1/2极限分辨率情况下，0.6视场以内的MTF都达到了0.4以上，说明光学系统的像差得到了良好的校正。
图3是本发明实施例提供的目镜光学系统的光学场曲和畸变的一示意图。图3的左图示意了场曲(Field Curvature)，其中，不同颜色代表不同的波长，实线表示为子午(tangential)场曲，虚线表示弧矢(sagittal)场曲，二者做差可得到光学系统的象散。象散和场曲是影响轴外视场光线的重要像差，象散过大会严重的影响到系统轴外光线的成像质量，场曲会造成中心和边缘最佳成像不在一个平面上。从图3的左图中可看出，本实施例提供的光学系统的场曲和象散均被校正到5mm以内。从图3的右图可以看出，本实施例提供的光学系统的畸变(F-Tan(theta)distortion)小于25％。
图4是本发明实施例提供的目镜光学系统的一点列图示意。点列图展示了光学系统的各个视场光线在像面处汇聚而形成的弥散光斑。点列图的RMS (Root Mean Square，均方根)半径越小，证明系统的成像质量越好。由图4可以看出，本实施例提供的光学系统的弥散斑的RMS直径均小于120um，说明像差校已得到非常好的校正。
图5是本发明实施例提供的目镜光学系统的系统色差曲线的一示意图。图5中，横轴表示色差，纵轴为视场角，曲线与纵轴的偏离程度表征色差的变化，偏离度越大，意味着色差越大。在图5中，最大半视场角(Maximum Field)为49°，色差能够控制在350um范围内。
需要说明的是，本文中的“第一”、“第二”等描述，是用于区分不同的消息、设备、模块等，不代表先后顺序，也不限定“第一”和“第二”是不同的类型。
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明。对于本领域技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种目镜，其特征在于，包括：同轴依次设置的正透镜以及负透镜；
    其中，所述正透镜的入光面为平面菲涅尔面，出光面为凸面；所述负透镜的入光面为凹面，出光面为凸面；
    待观测光线入射在所述负透镜的入光面上，由所述负透镜折射至所述正透镜的入光面，再经所述正透镜出射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的目镜，其特征在于，所述正透镜的出光面为凸非球面。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的目镜，其特征在于，所述正透镜的折射率n1和色散v1满足如下条件：1.5＜n1＜1.55、55＜v1＜60；所述负透镜的折射率n2和色散v2满足如下条件：1.5＜n2＜1.55、55＜v2＜60。
  4. 一种头戴显示设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1ˉ3中任一项所述的目镜，以及与所述目镜同轴的显示器件；
    所述显示器件发出的屏幕光线经所述目镜折射后进入人眼。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的设备，其特征在于，所述正透镜的出光面的中心点到所述显示器件的显示屏的中心点的距离TTL小于32mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述正透镜的中心点到人眼的距离T0满足如下条件：0.35TTL<T0<0.45TTL；
    所述正透镜的中心厚度T1满足如下条件：0.09TTL<T1<0.1TTL。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述负透镜的中心厚度T2满足如下条件：0.09TTL<T2<0.1TTL。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备的焦距F满足如下条件：0.9TTL<F<0.95TTL。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，所述正透镜的入光面的菲涅尔曲率半径R满足如下条件：-0.6F<R<-0.65F。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，所述负透镜的焦距满足如下条件：-700<F2<0；所述正透镜的焦距F1<F。
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