WO2019085415A1 - 电动汽车的自动换电站 - Google Patents

电动汽车的自动换电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085415A1
WO2019085415A1 PCT/CN2018/084438 CN2018084438W WO2019085415A1 WO 2019085415 A1 WO2019085415 A1 WO 2019085415A1 CN 2018084438 W CN2018084438 W CN 2018084438W WO 2019085415 A1 WO2019085415 A1 WO 2019085415A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
battery
height
trolley
electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/084438
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林海岩
马永跃
田小涛
丁习坤
李楠
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NIO Nextev Ltd
Original Assignee
NIO Nextev Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NIO Nextev Ltd filed Critical NIO Nextev Ltd
Priority to EP18873156.6A priority Critical patent/EP3705357A4/en
Publication of WO2019085415A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085415A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery replacement technology for electric vehicles, and more particularly to an automatic power exchange station for an electric vehicle.
  • the automatic power substation designed by the applicant before the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and the automatic power station shown in FIG. 1 has a battery pack storage area battery pack orientation different from the orientation of the battery pack in the power exchange area by 90 degrees.
  • the package needs to be rotated 90 degrees throughout the process, with high cost, long power-changing time and high system complexity.
  • the automatic power station can only store at most 5 battery packs, and the battery pack has a small storage amount.
  • the battery pack exchange position has only one layer of battery, and each time the battery pack is exchanged, it needs to be transported over a long distance, which takes a long time and has low power exchange efficiency.
  • the orientation of the battery pack storage is the same as the orientation of the replacement.
  • the battery pack does not need to be rotated 90 degrees during the power exchange process, but it is still necessary to set the space for the electric vehicle to avoid.
  • the space occupied by the power station will exceed the width of the three parking spaces and there is no margin in the surrounding space.
  • the battery pack exchange position is only one layer, and each time the battery pack is exchanged, it needs to be transported over a long distance, which is time consuming and has low power exchange efficiency.
  • the above-mentioned automatic power exchange station usually needs to be able to move up and down between the storage positions of the respective batteries along the height direction of the power-changing position, thereby placing or removing the battery pack. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to set complicated on the electric-changing trolley.
  • the lifting mechanism meets the lifting requirements, on the other hand, the power exchange time is longer and the power exchange efficiency is lower.
  • the existing automatic power station has at least the following disadvantages: large occupied space, small battery pack storage, only one battery exchange port, many motion adjustment mechanisms, long battery pack exchange time, complicated power exchange process, and replacement Low electrical efficiency and poor user experience.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle, which comprises a plurality of battery pack exchange ports, which occupies a small space, has a large number of battery packs, and has short battery pack exchange time. High electrical efficiency, can be widely used in a variety of places, greatly improving the user experience.
  • an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle which comprises:
  • a power exchange platform for supporting and positioning the vehicle and lifting the vehicle to a preset power exchange height
  • a guide rail extending through the power exchange platform and extending at the two ends of the power exchange platform, the guide rail serving as a walking track of the electric trolley;
  • a battery pack storage device respectively disposed at the two ends of the rail extending from the railing platform for storing a battery pack, receiving a depleted battery pack transported by the change trolley, and providing a full battery pack for the electric change trolley
  • the battery pack storage device is provided at the bottom with a escaping zone for the guide rail and the electric change trolley to enter, and a plurality of battery pack storage units arranged in the height direction are disposed on the escaping zone.
  • the height of the avoidance zone is configured to enable the commutation trolley to maintain a height required for battery exchange with the vehicle in the avoidance zone.
  • the electric change trolley has two vehicles, one of which is for receiving a depleted battery pack that has been replaced from the vehicle, and the other is for providing a full-charge battery pack.
  • the battery pack storage unit is provided with a transport portion for transporting the battery pack along the extending direction of the guide rail for exchanging the battery pack with the electric change trolley.
  • the battery pack storage unit on the battery pack storage device has not less than three layers.
  • the electric-changing trolley includes a lifting mechanism to drive the electric-changing trolley to move up and down along the height of the package.
  • the lifting mechanism is movable up and down between a lowest position and a first height, the first height being a first height capable of battery exchange with the vehicle.
  • the lifting mechanism is movable up and down between the first height and the second height, the first height being a first height capable of battery exchange with the vehicle, the second height being capable of A second height for battery exchange with the battery pack storage unit.
  • the power exchange platform includes a platform body and a lifting mechanism, wherein the platform body is used for supporting and positioning a vehicle; the lifting mechanism is disposed on the platform body for lifting and changing the vehicle The height required to change the car.
  • the automatic power station further includes a charging device for charging the depleted battery pack.
  • the automatic power station further includes control means for transmitting instructions to the power exchange platform, the power exchange trolley, and the battery pack storage unit to coordinate and control the operations of the components.
  • the automatic power exchange of the electric vehicle of the present invention can achieve considerable technical advancement and practicability, and has extensive industrial use value, and has at least the following advantages:
  • the orientation of the battery pack in the battery pack storage area is the same as the orientation of the battery pack in the power-changing area. There is no need to rotate the battery pack during the power-changing process, which saves the power-changing time and the power-changing space;
  • the electric-changing trolley can be placed in the storage area of the battery pack, and there is no need to additionally set the avoidance position of the electric-changing trolley, thereby further saving space;
  • the battery pack storage device is hierarchically arranged, can store a plurality of battery packs, increases the storage amount of the battery pack, and has a plurality of battery exchange ports, and the flow is simple;
  • the replacement power station is applicable to various parking lots and most automobile maintenance stations, and can be widely applied to various places;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power plant layout of an electric vehicle in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the layout of an automatic power substation of another electric vehicle in the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an automatic power plant layout of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a main frame of an automatic power substation of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power exchange process of an automatic power substation of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the example shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a side elevational view of the example shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of the example shown in Figure 5.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an automatic power changing method of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic power exchange of an electric vehicle, including: a power exchange platform 1, a guide rail 2, a battery pack storage device 3, and a power exchange trolley 4.
  • the power exchange platform 1 is used for supporting and positioning the vehicle, and lifting the vehicle to a preset power exchange height.
  • the guide rail 2 extends through the power exchange platform 1 and extends at both ends of the power exchange platform 1, and the guide rail 2 serves as a traveling track for the electric trolley 4.
  • the battery pack storage device 3 is respectively disposed at two ends of the guide rail 2 extending out of the power exchange platform 1 for storing the battery pack, receiving the depleted battery pack transported by the change trolley 4, and providing the fully-charged battery pack for the change trolley 4, the battery
  • the bag storage device 3 is provided at the bottom with a escaping zone 5 for the entry of the guide rail 2 and the electric change trolley 4, and a plurality of battery pack storage units 6 arranged in the height direction are provided on the escaping zone 5. It can be understood that the height direction is a direction perpendicular to the ground.
  • the battery pack of the present invention includes a depleted battery pack and a full battery pack.
  • the depleted battery pack refers to the battery pack that is removed from the vehicle during the power exchange process, and the battery pack that is not removed from the vehicle is not completely depleted.
  • the full battery pack refers to the battery pack installed for the vehicle during the power exchange process, and is not limited to the battery pack installed in the vehicle is fully charged.
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention generally refers to a vehicle having a replaceable battery pack, and is not limited to a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the power exchange platform 1 includes a platform body 11 and a lifting mechanism 12, wherein the platform body 11 is for supporting and positioning a vehicle, and the lifting mechanism 12 is disposed on the platform body 11 for the vehicle Lifting to the height required when changing the electric trolley 4 can be set according to factors such as the model of the vehicle to be replaced. It should be understood that when the vehicle enters and exits the power exchange platform 1, the power exchange trolley 4 should be given a refusal.
  • the battery pack storage device 3 is provided at the bottom with a escaping zone 5 for the entry of the guide rail 2 and the electric change trolley 4, and the escaping zone 5 is disposed directly under the battery pack storage device 3, and the vehicle is driven into the power exchange platform 1 for replacement.
  • the electric trolley 4 can be placed in the avoidance area for avoidance, and there is no need to additionally set the electric vehicle to avoid the area, which fully saves space and the layout is more compact and reasonable.
  • the height of the escape zone 5 is configured such that the commutation trolley 4 can maintain the height required for battery exchange with the vehicle in the avoidance zone 5, so that the changeover trolley 4 can be made with the vehicle.
  • the power When the power is changed, it only translates along the guide rail 2, and does not need to be lifted and lowered, thereby improving the power conversion efficiency.
  • the escaping zone 5 can also be set lower than the height required for the battery exchange of the vehicle, but after the electric trolley 4 is driven out of the escaping zone 5, it needs to be raised again to be required for battery exchange with the vehicle.
  • the height when the electric trolley 4 needs to enter the avoidance zone 5, it can be lowered to a height lower than the avoidance zone 5.
  • the escaping area 5 is provided with a plurality of battery pack storage units 6 arranged in the height direction.
  • the battery pack storage unit 6 can be set to not less than three layers.
  • Each of the battery pack storage units 6 can store at least one battery pack.
  • the battery pack storage device 3 includes a three-layer battery pack storage unit 6, and each of the battery pack storage units 6 can store one battery pack.
  • the battery pack storage device 3 is located at a position corresponding to the central region of the power exchange platform 1 in the direction in which the vehicle enters and exits, and the vacant region at both ends thereof is provided with an equipment area, a rest area or a service area, as shown in FIG. 3, the user You can wait in the lounge area or service area during power exchange to enhance the user experience.
  • the battery pack storage device 3 adopts a multi-layer structure, which can increase the storage capacity of the automatic power exchange battery pack and save the space occupied by the automatic power exchange.
  • At least one of the battery pack storage units 6 in the battery pack storage device 3 at both ends of the guide rail 2 is in an idle state, that is, the battery pack is not placed for receiving the defective battery pack.
  • the power exchange station can simultaneously provide two electric change trolleys 4 on the guide rail 2.
  • one of the electric cars 4 is in an idle state for removing the depleted battery pack from the vehicle, and the other changing cart 4 is provided with a full battery pack for providing the vehicle with a full battery pack.
  • the two electric cars 4 are respectively stopped in the escape area 5 on both sides of the power exchange platform 1.
  • the idled trolley 4 in the idle state enters the vehicle bottom from the escape zone 5 along the guide rail 2.
  • the electric trolley 4 with the fully charged battery pack is driven along the guide rail 2 from the avoidance area 5 into the bottom of the vehicle, the full battery pack is mounted on the vehicle, and then returned to the corresponding escape zone 5 along the guide rail 2.
  • the lifting mechanism 12 lowers the vehicle onto the platform body 11, and the vehicle exits the power exchange platform 1 to complete the power exchange process of the vehicle.
  • the power exchange trolley 4 can walk to the power exchange platform 1 and reach the height corresponding to the battery pack storage unit 6 by lifting and lowering, and exchange battery packs therewith.
  • the power exchange gap refers to the time when the vehicle is driven out of the power exchange platform 1 and no other vehicles enter the power exchange platform 1 .
  • the changeover trolley 4 carrying the defective battery pack transports the defective battery pack to the idle battery pack storage unit 6, and at the same time, can also obtain the full charge from the battery pack storage unit 6 on which the fully charged battery pack is placed. The battery pack is used as a backup for the next power exchange process.
  • Both of the electric trolleys 4 can complete the above operation, no matter which one of the electric trolleys 4 is selected to transport the battery pack, only the vehicle changing process is required, the electric trolley 4 at one end of the guide rail 2 is placed in an idle state, and the other end of the guide rail 2 is placed.
  • the electric small car has a full battery pack, and at least one battery pack storage unit 6 is in an idle state. It can be seen that the automatic power station has the area where the power exchange platform 1 is used as a power exchange area for replacing the battery pack for the vehicle, and as an exchange area for the battery pack and the full battery pack, which fully saves the space occupied. .
  • the height of the escape zone 5 can be set such that when the commutation trolley 4 stays in the escape zone 5, it can maintain the height required for the power change. Therefore, during the vehicle power exchange process, the power exchange trolley 4 does not need to be lifted and lowered, and the power exchange trolleys 4 on both sides cooperate with each other, and only need to move parallel along the guide rail 2, the flow is simple, and the power exchange time is saved.
  • the electric change trolley 4 can also be provided only one set. In this case, when the power is changed, other equipment is needed to realize the battery pack between the electric change trolley 4 and the battery pack storage unit 6. exchange.
  • the guide rail 2 may be extended to extend out of the battery pack storage device 3, whereby the changeable trolley 4 can travel to the side of the battery pack storage device 3 opposite to the power exchange platform 1, and then elevate to the battery pack storage unit 6 The height, in turn, enables battery pack exchange.
  • FIG. 4 is only an example.
  • the structure of the battery pack storage device 3 at both ends of the guide rail 2 is completely the same.
  • the battery pack storage device 3 at both ends of the guide rail 2 specifically includes a battery pack.
  • the number of layers of the storage unit 6 can be set according to specific needs.
  • the conveying unit 21 that conveys the battery pack is for exchanging the battery pack with the electric change cart 4.
  • the conveying portion 21 may be a conveyor belt, an inline roller holder or the like.
  • the electric change trolley 4 further includes a lifting mechanism 41 capable of driving the electric change trolley 4 to move up and down between the battery pack storage units 6 in the package height direction.
  • the lifting mechanism 41 in the lifting direction, is movable between a lowest position and a first height, the first height being a first height that enables battery exchange with the vehicle. This situation is particularly applicable to the case where the height of the escape zone 5 is low and the changeover trolley 4 cannot maintain the height required for the power change in the escape zone 5. Of course, such a lifting mechanism 41 can still be applied when the height of the avoidance zone 5 is sufficient.
  • the lifting mechanism 41 in the lifting direction, can be raised and lowered between the first height and the second height, the first height is a first height capable of battery exchange with the vehicle, and the second height is capable of being connected to the battery
  • the packet storage unit 6 performs a second height of battery exchange.
  • the lifting mechanism is particularly suitable for the case where the battery exchange unit 4 and the battery pack storage unit 6 are required to perform battery exchange, whereby the power exchange trolley 4 can move the defective battery pack to any one of the battery pack storage units 6, or Any one of the battery pack storage units 6 removes the full battery pack.
  • the upper limit of the lift height of the lift mechanism 41 can be limited to the power exchange height, simplifying the structural and strength requirements.
  • the automatic power station further includes a charging device 7 for charging the depleted battery pack.
  • the charging device 7 can be provided separately or in the battery pack storage device 3.
  • the automatic power station also includes control means 8 for transmitting commands to the power exchange platform 1, the change trolley 4 and the battery pack storage unit 6 to coordinate and control the operation of the various components.
  • the control device 8 can control various components of the power station by means of wired, wireless or remote control.
  • the control device 8 can also be arranged separately in the substation or on the components of the substation, for example in the power exchange platform 1, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the control device 8 can comprise an electrical control cabinet and a power distribution cabinet.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an electric vehicle automatic power station, wherein the orientation of the battery pack in the battery pack storage area is consistent with the orientation of the battery pack in the power exchange area, and the battery pack is not required to be rotated during the power exchange process, thereby saving the power exchange time and the power exchange space.
  • the electric trolley can be placed in the storage area of the battery pack, and there is no need to additionally set the avoidance position of the electric trolley, thereby further saving space;
  • the battery pack storage device is hierarchically arranged, can store a plurality of battery packs, and increases the storage amount of the battery pack, and With multiple battery exchange ports, the process is simple.
  • the automatic substation By lifting and lowering the electric car, the battery pack storage position in the battery pack storage device is adjusted, and the power exchange area is simultaneously used as the area for exchanging the battery pack, thereby further saving the floor space and cost.
  • the automatic substation can be controlled in space to occupy up to three parking spaces, and the layout is compact and reasonable.
  • the replacement power station is applicable to various parking lots and most automobile maintenance stations, and can be widely applied to various places; all processes of automatic power exchange can be automatically completed by the control device without manual power exchange, saving manpower.
  • the power exchange process is simple and easy to operate, which improves the efficiency of power exchange and improves the user experience.
  • the two power exchange trolleys 4 are taken as an example for description.
  • the operation method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 The vehicle enters the platform body 11 and performs vehicle positioning
  • the two electric trolleys 4 at both ends of the guide rail 2 are placed in the avoidance zone 5 for avoidance, wherein the electric trolley 4 at one end of the guide rail 2 is in an idle state, and the electric trolley 4 on the other end is full. Electric battery pack.
  • Step S2 the lifting mechanism 12 lifts the vehicle to a preset power-changing height
  • Step S3 the empty-loaded trolley 4 enters the bottom of the vehicle, removes the depleted battery pack, and returns to the corresponding avoidance zone 5 through the guide rail 2;
  • step S4 the electric trolley 4 carrying the fully charged battery enters the bottom of the vehicle along the guide rail 2, and the fully charged battery pack is installed on the vehicle to complete the power exchange.
  • the two changing trolleys 4 are returned to the corresponding avoidance zone 5, and the lifting mechanism 12 lowers the vehicle to the platform body 11, and the vehicle exits the power exchange platform 1.
  • the change-over trolley 4 can be moved up and down in the package height direction to align the battery pack storage unit 6 to transfer the defective battery pack to the battery pack storage unit 6 in the idle state.
  • the full battery pack is obtained from the battery pack storage unit 6 with the fully charged battery pack as the next power change process.
  • All the processes of the automatic power changing method of the invention can be automatically completed by the control device, no manual power exchange is needed, the manpower is saved, the power exchange process is simple, the operation is easy, the power exchange efficiency is improved, and the user experience is improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动汽车的自动换电站，包括：换电平台(1)，用于支撑、定位车辆，并将车辆举升至预设换电高度；导轨(2)，贯穿换电平台(1)并在两端伸出换电平台(1)，导轨(2)作为换电小车(4)的行走轨道；分别设于导轨(2)伸出换电平台(1)的两端的电池包存储装置(3)，用于存储电池包、接收换电小车(4)运送的亏电电池包并为换电小车(4)提供满电电池包，电池包存储装置(3)在底部设有可供导轨(2)和换电小车(4)进入的避让区(5)，并在避让区(5)上设有多层沿高度方向排布的电池包存储单元(6)。自动换电站包含多个电池包交换口，占地空间小，电池包存储数量多，电池包交换时间短，换电效率高，大大提升了用户体验。

Description

电动汽车的自动换电站 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车的电池更换技术领域，尤其涉及一种电动汽车的自动换电站。
背景技术
随着电动汽车充换电设施的发展，越来越多的车主选择采用自动换电站为电动汽车补充电能。申请人在本发明之前设计的自动换电站如图1和图2所示，图1所示的自动换电站，电池包存储区电池包的方位与换电区电池包的方位相差90度，电池包在整个过程中需要旋转90度，成本高、换电时间长和系统复杂程度高。换电过程中需要设置换电小车4避让的空间，在占地面积为三个停车位时，该自动换电站至多只能存储5个电池包，电池包存储数量少。再者，电池包交换位置仅有一层电池，每次交换电池包都需要远距离接送，耗时长，换电效率低。
图2所示的自动换电站，该方案中，电池包存储的方位与更换的方位一致，电池包在换电过程中不再需要转90度，但是仍需要设置换电小车避让的空间，导致换电站所占空间会超出3个停车位的宽度，且没有周围空间余量。再者，电池包交换位置也只有一层，每次交换电池包都需要远距离接送，比较耗时间，换电效率低。
此外，上述自动换电站，通常需要换电小车能够沿换电位置的高度方向在各个电池存储位置之间升降，从而放置或取下电池包，因此，一方面需要在换电小车上设置复杂的升降机构，满足升降要求，另一方面换电时间较长，换电效率较低。
由此可知，现有的自动换电站至少存在以下缺点：占地空间大、电池包存储数量少、电池交换口仅有一个，运动调节机构多，电池包交换时间长、换电流程复杂，换电效率低，用户体验差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种电动汽车的自动换电站，所述自动换电站包含多个电池包交换口，占地空间小，电池包存储数量多，电池包交换时间短，换电效率高，可广泛适用于多种场所，大大提升了用户体验。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：包括:
换电平台，用于支撑、定位车辆，并将车辆举升至预设换电高度；
导轨，贯穿所述换电平台并在两端伸出所述换电平台，所述导轨作为换电小车的行走轨道；
分别设于所述导轨伸出所述换电平台的两端的电池包存储装置，用于存储电池包、接收换电小车运送的亏电电池包并为换电小车提供满电电池包，所述电池包存储装置在底部设有可供所述导轨和所述换电小车进入的避让区，并在所述避让区上设有多层沿高度方向排布的电池包存储单元。
进一步的，所述避让区的高度配置为：使得所述换电小车能够在所述避让区保持与车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度。
进一步的，所述换电小车具有两辆，其中一辆用于接收从车辆上换下来的亏电电池包，另一辆用于提供满电电池包。
进一步的，所述电池包存储单元上设有可沿所述导轨延伸方向对电池包进行输送的输送部，用于与换电小车交换电池包。
进一步的，所述电池包存储装置均上的电池包存储单元不少于三层。
进一步的，所述换电小车包括升降机构，带动所述换电小车沿包高度方向升降。
进一步的，沿升降方向，所述升降机构可在最低位置和第一高度之间升降，所述第一高度为能够与车辆进行电池交换的第一高度。
进一步的，沿升降方向，所述升降机构可在所述第一高度和第二高度之间升降，所述第一高度为能够与车辆进行电池交换的第一高度，所述第二高度为能够与所述电池包存储单元进行电池交换的第二高度。
进一步的，所述换电平台包括平台主体和举升机构，其中，所述平台主体用于支撑和定位车辆；所述举升机构置在平台主体上，用于将车辆举升至与换电小车换电时所需的高度。
进一步的，所述自动换电站还包括充电装置，用于为亏电电池包充电。
进一步的，所述自动换电站还包括控制装置，用于向所述换电平台、换电小车以及电池包存储单元发送指令，以协调和控制各部件的工作。
本发明与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果。借由上述技术方案，本发明一种电动汽车的自动换电站可达到相当的技术进步性及实用性，并具有产业上的广泛利用价值，其至少具有下列优点：
(1)电池包存储区电池包的方位与换电区电池包的方位一致，换电过程中无需旋转电池包，节约了换电时间和换电空间；
(2)换电小车可置于电池包存储区域中，无需额外设置换电小车的避让位置，进一步节约空间；
(3)电池包存储装置分层设置，可存储多块电池包，增加了电池包的存储数量，且具有多个电池交换口，流程简单；
(4)通过升降换电小车，调整电池包存储装置中电池包存储位置，将 换电区域同时做为电池包交换的区域，进一步节约了占地面积和成本；
(5)所述换电站适用与各个停车场和大部分汽车维修站需求，可广泛适用于多种场所；
(6)自动换电的所有过程均可通过控制装置自动完成，无需人工换电，节省了人力，换电过程简单，易操作，提高了换电效率，提升了用户体验。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中一种电动汽车的自动换电站布局示意图。
图2为现有技术中另一种电动汽车的自动换电站布局示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站布局示意图。
图4为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站主体框架示意图。
图5为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电站换电过程示意图。
图6为图5所示示例的正视图。
图7为图5所示示例的侧视图。
图8为图5所示示例的俯视图。
图9为本发明一实施例提供的电动汽车的自动换电方法流程图。
【符号说明】
1：换电平台                    2：导轨
3：电池包存储装置              4：换电小车
5：避让区                      6：电池包存储单元
7：充电装置                    8：控制装置
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的一种电动汽车的自动换电站的具体实施方式及其功效，详细说明如后。
如图3-8所示，本发明实施例提供了一种电动汽车的自动换电站，包括:换电平台1、导轨2、电池包存储装置3和换电小车4。其中，换电平台1用于支撑、定位车辆，并将车辆举升至预设换电高度。导轨2贯穿换电平台1并在两端伸出换电平台1，导轨2作为换电小车4的行走轨道。电池包存储装置3分别设于导轨2伸出换电平台1的两端，用于存储电池包、接收换电小车4运送的亏电电池包并为换电小车4提供满电电池包，电池包存储装置3在底部设有可供导轨2和换电小车4进入的避让区5，并在避 让区5上设有多层沿高度方向排布的电池包存储单元6。可以理解的是，高度方向为与地面垂直的方向。
需要说明的是，本发明所述的电池包包括亏电电池包和满电池包。亏电电池包指的是换电过程中从车辆上拆卸下来的电池包，并非限定从车辆上拆卸下来的电池包为完全亏电状态。同理，满电电池包指的是换电过程中为车辆安装的电池包，并非限定为车辆安装的电池包为完全满电状态。
本发明的电动汽车泛指具有可更换电池包的车辆，并不仅限定为纯电动汽车，也可以为混动汽车。
以下分别对所述自动换电站的各个组成部分进行详细的描述:
(一)换电平台
如图4，作为一种示例，换电平台1包括平台主体11和举升机构12，其中，平台主体11用于支撑和定位车辆，举升机构12设置在平台主体11上，用于将车辆举升至与换电小车4换电时所需的高度，可根据待换电车辆车型等因素进行设定所需高度。应当理解，当车辆进出换电平台1时，换电小车4应当给予避让。
(二)电池包存储装置
电池包存储装置3在底部设有可供导轨2和换电小车4进入的避让区5，避让区5设置在电池包存储装置3的正下方，车辆驶入换电平台1的过程中，换电小车4可置于避让区中进行避让，无需额外设置换电小车4避让区域，充分节约了空间，布局更加紧凑、合理。
在图4所示示例中，避让区5的高度配置为：使得换电小车4能够在所述避让区5保持与车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度，从而可以使换电小车4与车辆进行换电时，仅沿导轨2平移，而无需进行升降，提高换电效率。但可以理解的是，避让区5也可以设置低于车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度，但换电小车4从避让区5驶出后，需再上升至与车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度，换电小车4需要进入避让区5时，下降至低于避让区5高度即可。
避让区5上设有多层沿高度方向排布的电池包存储单元6，为了增加电池包的存储数量，电池包存储单元6可设置为不少于三层。每层电池包存储单元6至少可存储一个电池包。如图4，作为一种示例，电池包存储装置3包括三层电池包存储单元6，每一层电池包存储单元6可存储一个电池包。此空间设置，电池包存储装置3沿车辆的进出方向位于与换电平台1的中部区域对应的位置，而其两端的空余区域设置设备区、休息区或服务区，如图3所示，用户可在换电期间在休息区或服务区等候，提升用户体验。
但可以理解的是，电池包存储装置3的电池包存储单元6的层数以及每层电池包存储单元6所能容纳的电池包的数量可根据具体用户需求、空间需求等因素进行适应性调整。电池包存储装置3采用多层结构，既可以增加自动换电站电池包的存储数量，也节约了自动换电站的占地空间。
车辆驶入换电平台1的过程中，导轨2两端的电池包存储装置3中， 至少一个电池包存储单元6为空闲状态，即未放置电池包，用于接收亏电电池包。
作为一种实施方式，本换电站可以在导轨2上同时设置两辆换电小车4。换电时，其中一个换电小车4处于空闲状态，用于从车辆上取下亏电电池包，另一个换电小车4放置有满电电池包，用于为车辆提供满电电池包。
具体而言，换电时，两辆换电小车4分别停在换电平台1两侧的避让区5中。车辆驶入换电平台1，并被举升机构12举升至与换电小车4换电时所需的高度后，处于空闲状态的换电小车4沿导轨2从避让区5驶入车辆底部，从车辆上拆卸下亏电电池包，并沿导轨2重新返回对应的避让区5。同时，放置有满电电池包的换电小车4沿导轨2从避让区5驶入车辆底部，将满电电池包安装在车辆上，然后再沿导轨2返回对应的避让区5。举升机构12将车辆下降至平台主体11上，车辆驶出换电平台1，完成车辆的换电过程。
在换电间隙或者空闲时间，换电小车4可以行走至换电平台1上，并通过升降到达与电池包存储单元6对应的高度，与其进行电池包交换。其中，换电间隙指的是车辆换电完成后，驶出换电平台1，且无其他车辆驶入换电平台1的时间。在换电间隙，载有亏电电池包的换电小车4将亏电电池包运送至空闲电池包存储单元6，同时，也可从放置有满电电池包的电池包存储单元6上获取满电电池包作为下一次换电过程备用。两个换电小车4均可完成上述操作，无论选择哪个换电小车4运送电池包，仅需满足车辆换电过程中，导轨2一端的换电小车4置于空闲状态，导轨2另一端的换电小车载有满电电池包，至少一个电池包存储单元6处于空闲状态,即可。由此可知，该自动换电站将换电平台1所在区域既作为用于为车辆更换电池包的换电区域，又作为亏电电池包和满电电池包的交换区域，充分节约了占地空间。
图4所示的示例中，避让区5的高度可以设置为：使得换电小车4停留在避让区5时，其能够保持换电时所需的高度。由此，车辆换电过程中，换电小车4无需升降，两侧的换电小车4相互配合，仅需沿着导轨2平行移动即可，流程简单，节约换电时间。
在另一些实施方式中，换电小车4也可以只设置一辆，这种情况下，在换电时，需要配备其他设备来实现电池包在换电小车4和电池包存储单元6之间的交换。或者，可以延长导轨2，使其伸出电池包存储装置3，由此换电小车4能够行走至电池包存储装置3与换电平台1相背的一侧，然后升降至电池包存储单元6的高度，进而实现电池包交换。
需要说明的是，图4仅作为一种示例，导轨2两端的电池包存储装置3的结构完全相同，实际应用中，并不限于此，导轨2两端的电池包存储装置3具体包括的电池包存储单元6层数可根据具体需求进行设定。
为了减小电池包与换电小车4及电池包存储单元6之间的摩擦力，便于在两者之间传送，在换电小车4和电池包存储单元6上设有可沿导轨2延伸方向对电池包进行输送的输送部21，用于与换电小车4交换电池包。 传送部21可以为传送带、直列滚轮座等。
(三)换电小车
换电小车4还包括升降机构41，能够带动所述换电小车4沿包高度方向，在各层电池包存储单元6之间升降。
在一种实施方式中，沿升降方向，升降机构41可在最低位置和第一高度之间升降，第一高度为能够与车辆进行电池交换的第一高度。这种情况尤其适用于避让区5的高度较低，换电小车4在避让区5无法保持换电所需高度的情况。当然，在避让区5高度足够时，这种升降机构41仍然可以适用。
在另一种实施方式中，沿升降方向，升降机构41可在第一高度和第二高度之间升降，第一高度为能够与车辆进行电池交换的第一高度，第二高度为能够与电池包存储单元6进行电池交换的第二高度。这种升降机构尤其适用于需要换电小车4与电池包存储单元6进行电池交换的情况，由此换电小车4可以将亏电电池包运动至任意一层电池包存储单元6，也可从任意一层电池包存储单元6取下满电电池包。当然，如果另外配合有能够在换电小车4和电池包存储单元6之间进行电池包转移到其他转送机构，则升降机构41的升降高度上限可以限定在换电高度，简化结构和强度要求。
(四)充电装置和控制装置
此外，自动换电站还包括充电装置7，用于为亏电电池包充电。充电装置7可以单独设置，也可设置在电池包存储装置3中。
自动换电站还包括控制装置8，用于向换电平台1、换电小车4以及电池包存储单元6发送指令，以协调和控制各部件的工作。控制装置8可通过有线、无线或远程控制等方式对换电站各个部件进行控制。控制装置8还可单独设置在换电站中或换电站的组成部件上，例如设置换电平台1中，如图5，作为一种示例，控制装置8可以包括电气控制柜和配电柜。
本发明实施例提供一种电动汽车自动换电站，电池包存储区电池包的方位与换电区电池包的方位一致，换电过程中无需旋转电池包，节约了换电时间和换电空间。换电小车可置于电池包存储区域中，无需额外设置换电小车的避让位置，进一步节约空间；电池包存储装置分层设置，可存储多块电池包，增加了电池包的存储数量，且具有多个电池交换口，流程简单。通过升降换电小车，调整电池包存储装置中电池包存储位置，将换电区域同时做为电池包交换的区域，进一步节约了占地面积和成本。采用上述示例中的换电站组成和布局，自动换电站在空间上可控制为至多占据三个停车位的面积，布局紧凑、合理。此外，所述换电站适用与各个停车场和大部分汽车维修站需求，可广泛适用于多种场所；自动换电的所有过程均可通过控制装置自动完成，无需人工换电，节省了人力，换电过程简单，易操作，提高了换电效率，提升了用户体验。
基于上述自动换电站，如图9所示，以两个换电小车4为例进行说明， 当执行自动换电时，操作方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、车辆驶入平台主体11并进行车辆定位；
车辆驶入过程中，导轨2两端的两个换电小车4均置于避让区5，进行避让，其中导轨2一端的换电小车4为空载状态，另一端的换电小车4载有满电电池包。
步骤S2、举升机构12将车辆举升到预设换电高度；
步骤S3、空载的换电小车4驶入车辆底部，取下亏电电池包，并通过导轨2返回对应的避让区5；
步骤S4、载有满电电池的换电小车4沿导轨2驶入车辆底部，将满电电池包安装到车上，完成换电。
车辆换电完成后，两个换电小车4均返回对应的避让区5，举升机构12将车辆降至平台主体11上，车辆驶出换电平台1。在换电间隙，换电小车4可通过沿包高度方向上下移动，对准电池包存储单元6，将亏电电池包传输给空闲状态的电池包存储单元6。或者从置有满电电池包的电池包存储单元6获取满电电池包作为下次换电过程使用。
本发明自动换电方法的所有过程均可通过控制装置自动完成，无需人工换电，节省了人力，换电过程简单，易操作，提高了换电效率，提升了用户体验。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：包括:
    换电平台，用于支撑、定位车辆，并将车辆举升至预设换电高度；
    导轨，贯穿所述换电平台并在两端伸出所述换电平台，所述导轨作为换电小车的行走轨道；
    分别设于所述导轨伸出所述换电平台的两端的电池包存储装置，用于存储电池包、接收换电小车运送的亏电电池包并为换电小车提供满电电池包，所述电池包存储装置在底部设有可供所述导轨和所述换电小车进入的避让区，并在所述避让区上设有多层沿高度方向排布的电池包存储单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述避让区的高度配置为：使得所述换电小车能够在所述避让区保持与车辆进行电池交换时所需的高度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述换电小车具有两辆，其中一辆用于接收从车辆上换下来的亏电电池包，另一辆用于提供满电电池包。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述电池包存储单元上设有可沿所述导轨延伸方向对电池包进行输送的输送部，用于与换电小车交换电池包。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述电池包存储装置均上的电池包存储单元不少于三层。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述换电小车包括升降机构，带动所述换电小车沿包高度方向升降。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    沿升降方向，所述升降机构可在最低位置和第一高度之间升降，所述第一高度为能够与车辆进行电池交换的第一高度。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    沿升降方向，所述升降机构可在所述第一高度和第二高度之间升降，所述第一高度为能够与车辆进行电池交换的第一高度，所述第二高度为能够与所述电池包存储单元进行电池交换的第二高度。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述换电平台包括平台主体和举升机构，其中，所述平台主体用于支撑和定位车辆；所述举升机构置在平台主体上，用于将车辆举升至与换电小车换电时所需的高度。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述自动换电站还包括充电装置，用于为亏电电池包充电。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的电动汽车的自动换电站，其特征在于：
    所述自动换电站还包括控制装置，用于向所述换电平台、换电小车以及电池包存储单元发送指令，以协调和控制各部件的工作。
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