WO2019091351A1 - 电机、动力总成、动力设备及电机冷却方法 - Google Patents

电机、动力总成、动力设备及电机冷却方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019091351A1
WO2019091351A1 PCT/CN2018/113934 CN2018113934W WO2019091351A1 WO 2019091351 A1 WO2019091351 A1 WO 2019091351A1 CN 2018113934 W CN2018113934 W CN 2018113934W WO 2019091351 A1 WO2019091351 A1 WO 2019091351A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
casing
motor
cooling
water
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/113934
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤磊
汪一波
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2019091351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019091351A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of motor cooling, and more particularly to motors, powertrains, power equipment, and motor cooling methods.
  • the motor As a power equipment, such as the power source of electric vehicles, the motor has a wide range of applications.
  • the main body includes a rotating shaft, a rotor fixed on the rotating shaft, a stator with a gap sleeved outside the rotor, a winding mounted on the stator, and a fixed set on the stator.
  • the outer casing is a casing for accommodating the above components.
  • the windings are respectively formed as end windings at the front and rear ends of the stator. Based on the small size and high power of the motor, the winding will generate a large amount of Joule loss during its operation. At the same time, the stator will generate a large amount of eddy current loss and hysteresis loss. If the heat generated by the above losses cannot be dissipated in time, Out, it will damage the motor. Therefore, it is necessary to cool the motor.
  • the prior art provides an electric motor, which includes an oil cooling mechanism in addition to the above main structure, the oil cooling mechanism includes: a oil pipe disposed between the stator and the casing, and a gap is provided between the stator and the casing The oil pipe is passed through such that there is a gap between the oil pipe and the outer wall of the stator and the inner wall of the casing, and oil drain holes respectively opposed to the stator and stator windings are disposed thereon.
  • the cooling oil is delivered to the surface of the stator and the surface of the stator winding by pouring the cooling oil into the oil pipe to cool them.
  • the motor provided by the prior art accommodates the oil-cooling mechanism by providing a gap between the stator and the casing, which increases the volume of the casing, and it is difficult to ensure sufficient cooling by providing a drain hole on the oil pipe.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a motor, a power assembly, a power device, and a motor cooling method, which can solve the above technical problems.
  • the specific technical solutions are as follows:
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a motor including a motor body and an oil cooling mechanism, the oil cooling mechanism: a cold stator oil groove formed on a first inner wall of the casing opposite to the stator;
  • An oil inlet passage disposed at an upper portion of the casing
  • An oil outlet passage disposed at a lower portion of the casing
  • the cold stator oil tank is in communication with the oil inlet passage;
  • the cold winding oil groove is in communication with the cold stator oil tank or the oil inlet passage;
  • the oil outlet passage is in communication with the cold stator oil sump, and the oil outlet passage is also in communication with an annular space between the casing and the end winding.
  • the cold stator oil groove comprises: an axial oil groove extending axially at a top of the first inner wall of the casing;
  • a top of the circumferential guide oil groove is in communication with the axial oil passage, and a bottom is connected to the oil outlet passage;
  • the axial oil passage is in communication with the cold winding oil groove and the oil inlet passage.
  • the cold stator oil tank further includes: at least one axial oil guiding groove axially opened on the first inner wall of the casing;
  • At least one of the shaft guide oil grooves and at least one of the circumferential guide oil grooves are in cross communication with each other.
  • the cold stator oil tank is: a curved groove in which an inlet communicates with the oil inlet passage, and an outlet communicates with the oil outlet passage;
  • the curved grooves are evenly distributed along the axial and circumferential directions of the first inner wall of the casing.
  • the curved groove includes: a plurality of U-shaped grooves that are connected in series with each other.
  • the central axis of the U-shaped groove is parallel to the central axis of the casing.
  • the curved groove includes a plurality of V-shaped grooves that are connected in series with each other.
  • the central axis of the V-shaped groove is parallel to the central axis of the casing.
  • the curved groove is a spiral groove
  • the central axis of the spiral groove coincides with the central axis of the casing.
  • one of the cold winding oil grooves is respectively disposed at the top of the second inner wall on both sides of the casing.
  • the oil cooling mechanism further includes: an oiling member disposed on the top of the casing and opposite to the cold winding oil groove for cooling oil from the cold winding oil groove Spread evenly on the surface of the end winding.
  • the oil sprinkling member comprises: a curved body; a plurality of oil spill holes uniformly disposed on the curved body;
  • One end of the curved body is fixed on the top of the casing, and extends into the top of the annular space formed by the casing and the end winding, so that the arc top is opposite to the cold winding oil groove.
  • the middle portion of the curved body is opposite to the central portion of the cold winding oil groove
  • a plurality of baffles are disposed on the upper surface of the curved body for evenly distributing the cooling oil.
  • one end of the curved body is detachably secured to the top of the housing by a connector.
  • a plurality of uniformly distributed cold winding oil grooves are disposed on the upper portions of the second inner walls on both sides of the casing.
  • the oil inlet passage includes: an axial passage disposed on a top wall of the casing, and one end extending to a connecting end surface of the casing;
  • a radial passage, the upper and lower ends are respectively in communication with the axial passage and the cold stator oil groove.
  • the axial passage is disposed inside the top wall of the cabinet or outside the top wall of the cabinet.
  • the oil inlet passage includes: a direct current passage disposed in a radial direction inside the top wall of the casing;
  • the upper end of the DC channel extends to the outside of the top wall of the casing, and the lower end is in communication with the cold stator oil groove.
  • the oil outlet passage includes: a oil sump, which is opened at a bottom of the first inner wall of the casing, and is in communication with the cold stator oil groove;
  • the oil draining groove is opened at the bottom of the second inner wall of the casing, and one end extends to the connecting end surface of the casing, and the other end communicates with the oil collecting groove.
  • the oil outlet passage includes: an oil collection chamber which is axially opened inside the bottom wall of the casing, and an inlet is connected to the outlet of the spiral groove;
  • the oil discharge chamber is opened at the bottom of the second inner wall of the casing, and one end communicates with the outlet of the oil collection chamber, and the other end extends to the connecting end surface of the casing.
  • the motor further includes a water cooling mechanism, the water cooling mechanism comprising: an outer casing fixed to the outside of the casing;
  • a water tank is formed on the outer wall of the casing, and the water tank cooperates with the inner wall of the outer casing to form a water passage for circulating cooling water.
  • the sink is a spiral groove.
  • the cold stator oil sump is a spiral groove that is alternately distributed with the water tank.
  • a motor cooling method for use in any of the motors involved above, and the method of cooling the motor includes:
  • the cooling oil also enters the cold winding oil tank through the oil inlet passage or the cold stator oil tank, and is dropped by the cold winding oil groove to the surface of the end winding to cool the end winding;
  • the cooling oil after the cooling is discharged from the casing of the motor by an oil outlet passage.
  • the cooled cooling oil forms a liquid at the bottom of the casing
  • the effusion is lower than the inner ring of the stator at the bottom of the casing.
  • a powertrain comprising: any one of the aforementioned motors;
  • a motor controller electrically connected to the motor.
  • the speed reducer includes: a gear box connected to a connecting end surface of the casing of the motor; and a gear transmission member, a filter, and an oil pump disposed inside the gear box;
  • the gear transmission member is coaxially coupled to the motor
  • the filter is in communication with an oil inlet of the oil pump for filtering cooling oil collected at the bottom of the gear box;
  • the gear box, the filter, and the oil pump cooperate to constitute an oil cooling mechanism of the speed reducer.
  • the gear transmission includes: an input shaft gear coaxially coupled to the motor, an intermediate shaft large gear meshing with the input shaft gear, and coaxial with the intermediate shaft large gear a connecting intermediate shaft pinion gear, an output shaft gear meshing with the intermediate shaft pinion gear;
  • the oil pump is a mechanical oil pump
  • a pump shaft of the oil pump is coupled to an axle of the intermediate shaft pinion.
  • the oil cooling mechanism of the reducer and the oil cooling mechanism of the motor cooperate to form an oil circuit circulation
  • the cooling water source, the water cooling mechanism built in the motor controller, and the water cooling mechanism of the motor cooperate to form a water circuit circulation.
  • the powertrain further includes: a water-and-water heat exchanger independent of the reducer and the motor;
  • the oil cooling mechanism of the motor, the oil cooling mechanism of the reducer, and the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger cooperate to form an oil circuit circulation
  • the cooling water source, the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger, and the water-cooling mechanism built in the motor controller cooperate to form a water circuit circulation.
  • the powertrain further includes: a water-and-water heat exchanger independent of the reducer and the motor;
  • the oil cooling mechanism of the motor, the oil cooling mechanism of the reducer, and the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger cooperate to form an oil circuit circulation
  • the cooling water source, the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger, the water-cooling mechanism built in the motor controller, and the water-cooling mechanism of the motor cooperate to form a water circuit circulation.
  • a power plant including any of the powertrains previously described.
  • the power device further includes: a heat dissipating component independent of the reducer, the motor, and the oil-water heat exchanger;
  • the heat dissipating component has a water cooling mechanism built therein;
  • the water cooling mechanism of the heat dissipating member participates in the water circuit circulation while cooling the power device.
  • the power device is an electric car, an electric motorcycle, an electric boat, or an electric aircraft.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure obtains the oil cooling mechanism by opening a cold stator oil groove and a cold winding oil groove on the inner wall of the casing, so that the volume of the motor casing is not additionally increased, and the thickness of the casing is significantly reduced to ensure The motor meets its small volume characteristics.
  • the oil cooling mechanism directly contacts the cooling oil with the outer wall of the stator and the end windings to ensure sufficient cooling to meet the heat dissipation of the motor at high power.
  • the oil cooling mechanism makes the oil circuit system more simple and reliable, and has strong adaptability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a first type of structure of an oil cooling mechanism in an electric machine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the structure shown in the dotted line ellipse in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a casing in an oil-cooling mechanism provided based on FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a partial isometric view of a casing in an oil-cooling mechanism provided based on FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a partial isometric view of a casing in an oil-cooling mechanism provided based on FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a motor having a second type of oil cooling mechanism and a water cooling mechanism, which is obtained from a first perspective, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a motor having a second type of structure of an oil cooling mechanism and a water cooling mechanism, which is obtained from a second perspective, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an oil-cooling mechanism of a third type of structure abstracted from a motor obtained from a first perspective according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a third type of oil cooling mechanism and water cooling mechanism abstracted from a motor obtained from a second perspective according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial isometric view of a motor having an oil cooling mechanism and a water cooling mechanism as provided in FIG. 9 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an oil sprinkler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a casing provided with a plurality of cold winding oil grooves in a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an oil circuit and a water circuit cycle of a first type of powertrain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an oil circuit and a water circuit cycle of a second type of powertrain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an oil circuit and a water circuit cycle of a third type powertrain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the broken line described in FIG. 2 is the flow path of the cooling oil.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electric machine including a motor main body and a cooling mechanism.
  • the motor body comprises a rotating shaft, a rotor fixed on the rotating shaft, a stator X2 with a gap sleeved outside the rotor, a winding mounted on the stator X2, and a machine fixedly disposed outside the stator X2 for accommodating the above components.
  • the windings are respectively formed as end windings X3 at the front and rear ends of the stator X2, and an annular space is formed between the casing X1 and the end windings X3.
  • Stator X2 may also be referred to as a stator silicon steel sheet.
  • the inner wall of the casing X1 of the motor X is divided into two parts: a first inner wall opposite to the stator X2, and The second inner wall of the end winding X3 is opposite.
  • the oil cooling mechanism includes: a cold stator oil tank 1 opened on a first inner wall of the casing X1 opposite to the stator X2;
  • a cold winding oil groove 2 is formed in the upper part of the second inner wall opposite to the end winding X3 of the casing X1;
  • An oil inlet passage 3 disposed at an upper portion of the casing X1;
  • the oil outlet passage 4 is disposed at the lower portion of the casing X1.
  • the cold stator oil tank 1 is in communication with the oil inlet passage 3;
  • the cold winding oil tank 2 is connected to the cold stator oil tank 1 or the oil inlet passage 3;
  • the oil discharge passage 4 communicates with the cold stator oil tank 1, and the oil discharge passage 4 is also in communication with the annular space between the casing X1 and the end winding X3.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure improves the oil cooling mechanism by opening a cold stator oil tank 1 on the first inner wall of the casing X1, and the casing X1 is fixedly mounted on the stator X2, and the cold stator oil tank 1 is at this time.
  • the outer wall of the stator X2 will cooperate to form a cold stator oil passage.
  • the cooling oil enters the cold stator oil sump 1 from the oil inlet passage 3 to directly contact the outer wall of the stator X2, and cools the windings mounted thereon. Since the cold winding oil tank 2 communicates with the cold stator oil tank 1 or the oil inlet passage 3, the cooling oil enters and partially flows into the cold winding oil tank 2.
  • the cooling oil cooled to the stator X2 and the cooling oil cooled to the winding are collected into the outlet passage 4 and discharged from the casing. X1.
  • the cold winding oil groove 2 is disposed at the upper portion of the second inner wall of the casing X1 to ensure that the cooling oil drops onto the upper surface of the end winding X3, and flows from the upper surface of the end winding X3 to the lower side by gravity.
  • the surface is finally collected at the bottom of the annular space between the casing X1 and the end winding X3, so that the bottom of the stator X2 and the bottom of the end winding X3 are immersed in the collected cooling oil to improve the cooling effect.
  • the oil outlet passage 4 is disposed at the lower portion of the casing X1, which not only ensures the cooling oil cooling path from top to bottom, but also achieves the purpose of sufficient cooling, and, when the bottom of the annular space The level of the collected cooling oil is increased to allow the cooling oil to be partially discharged when the cooling oil is in communication with the oil outlet passage 4.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure obtains the oil cooling mechanism by opening the cold stator oil groove 1 and the cold winding oil groove 2 on the inner wall of the casing X1, so that the volume of the casing X1 of the motor X is not additionally increased, which is remarkable. Reducing the thickness of the casing X1 ensures that the motor X satisfies its small volume characteristics.
  • the cooling mechanism causes the cooling oil to directly contact the outer wall of the stator X2 and the end winding X3, ensuring sufficient cooling to satisfy the heat dissipation of the motor X at high power.
  • the oil cooling mechanism makes the oil circuit system more simple and reliable, and has strong adaptability.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can be interference-fitted with the stator X2 through a hot sleeve (ie, the thermal fit between the two sleeves), so that the inner wall of the inner wall of the casing X1 is not grooved.
  • the outer wall of the stator X2 is in close contact to ensure that the two are fastened, and that the cold stator oil groove 1 and the outer wall of the stator X2 are combined to form a tightly sealed cold winding oil path.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can prepare the casing X1 by using a simple processing process based on the oil cooling mechanism described above, and, because the oil in the oil cooling mechanism is routed to the inner wall of the casing X1. It is combined with the outer wall of the stator X2, and does not require an additional oil pipe or oil seal structure, and has high reliability.
  • the cold stator oil tank 1 For the cold stator oil tank 1, it is opened on the first inner wall of the casing X1 opposite to the stator X2 to cool the stator X2.
  • the cold stator oil tank 1 extends at least from the upper portion of the first inner wall of the casing X1 to the lower portion to ensure simultaneous communication with the oil inlet passage 3 and the oil outlet passage 4. It can be understood that if the cold stator oil tank 1 is evenly distributed on the first inner wall of the casing X1, the cooling oil can more fully and uniformly cool the stator X2 and the end winding X3. To achieve this, the following cold stator oil tank The setting method of 1 gives several examples:
  • the cold stator oil tank 1 includes: an axial oil passage 1a1 opened in the axial direction at the top of the first inner wall of the casing X1;
  • At least one circumferential guide oil groove 1a2 is opened in the circumferential direction on the first inner wall of the casing X1;
  • the top of the guide oil groove 1a2 is in communication with the axial oil passage 1a1, and the bottom is connected to the oil outlet passage 4;
  • the axial oil passage 1a1 is in communication with the cold winding oil groove 2 and the oil feed passage 3 at the same time.
  • the cooling oil enters the axial oil passage 1a1 from the oil inlet passage 3, and since at least one of the circumferential guide oil grooves 1a2 communicates with the axial oil passage 1a1, the cooling oil is evenly distributed by the axial oil passage 1a1 to each circumference.
  • the guide oil groove 1a2 in the circumferential guide oil groove 1a2 the front and rear sides of the top respectively flow around the outer wall of the stator X2 to the bottom, and are discharged at the bottom through the oil discharge passage 4, thereby achieving sufficient and uniform stator X2. cool down. Since the axial oil passage groove 1a1 is also in communication with the cold winding oil groove 2, part of the cooling oil therein will also enter the cold winding oil groove 2 and flow out to the end winding X3 to cool the winding.
  • the axial oil passage groove 1a1 is not only a part of the oil passage, but also, when the circumferential guide oil groove 1a2 is plural, the axial oil passage groove 1a1 can evenly distribute the cooling oil into the plurality of circumferential guide oil grooves 1a2.
  • the axial oil sump 1a1 at the top of the first inner wall of the casing X1, it is ensured that the cooling oil can flow to the bottom along the top of the stator X2, ensuring that the cooling is sufficiently and uniform.
  • the circumferential guide oil groove 1a2 can be set to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more, and when it is set to a plurality of, it can be evenly distributed, that is, adjacent two circumferential guide oil grooves The spacing between 1a2 is equal.
  • the cold stator oil tank 1 further includes: at least one axial oil guiding groove 1a3 which is axially opened on the first inner wall of the casing X1;
  • At least one of the shaft guide oil grooves 1a3 and the at least one circumferential guide oil groove 1a2 are in cross communication with each other.
  • the cooling oil can be introduced into the circumferential guide oil groove 1a2 from the axial oil passage groove 1a1, and then distributed into the shaft guide oil groove 1a3 to expand the cooling oil and the stator X2 as much as possible.
  • the contact area further improves the heat dissipation effect of the stator X2.
  • At least one axial guide oil groove 1a3 and at least one circumferential guide oil groove 1a2 are in communication with each other means that each of the shaft guide oil grooves 1a3 simultaneously and all the circumferential guide oil grooves 1a2 in the axial direction. In communication, that is, each of the guide oil grooves 1a2 is simultaneously communicated with all of the shaft guide oil grooves 1a3 in the circumferential direction.
  • the shaft guide oil groove 1a3 can also be set to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more, and when it is set to a plurality of, it can be evenly distributed, that is, adjacent two axes
  • the arc lengths between the guide oil grooves 1a3 are equal.
  • the cold stator oil tank 1 is: a curved groove where the inlet communicates with the oil inlet passage 3, and the outlet communicates with the oil outlet passage 4;
  • the curved groove is evenly distributed along the axial and circumferential directions of the first inner wall of the casing X1.
  • the cooling oil from the oil inlet passage 3 enters the inlet of the curved groove and advances in the direction of its bending to contact the outer wall of the stator X2 to sufficiently cool the stator X2, and finally the cooling oil will be exited by the curved groove. Enter the oil outlet channel 4 to discharge.
  • the uniformity of cooling is ensured by uniformly distributing the curved grooves in the axial and circumferential directions of the first inner wall of the casing X1.
  • the curved groove is an integral groove body and is also in communication with the cold winding oil groove 2, which will not be described in detail herein.
  • the curved groove can be designed in various configurations as long as it satisfies the uniform distribution in the axial direction and the circumferential direction on the first inner wall of the casing X1.
  • the structure of the bend is a few examples of the structure of the bend:
  • the curved groove includes a plurality of U-shaped grooves 1b which are sequentially connected in series.
  • an inlet is provided in a U-shaped groove 1b at the upper portion of the inner wall of the casing X1, and an outlet is provided in a U-shaped groove 1b at the lower portion of the inner wall of the casing X1.
  • an inlet connected to the oil inlet passage 3 may be provided on the U-shaped groove 1b at the top of the first inner wall of the casing X1; a U-shaped groove at the bottom of the first inner wall of the casing X1.
  • An outlet connected to the oil outlet passage 4 is provided on 1b.
  • the cooling oil from the oil inlet passage 3 enters the U-shaped groove 1b provided with the inlet from the inlet, and then sequentially flows through the plurality of U-shaped grooves 1b until it is discharged from the U-shaped groove 1b provided with the outlet.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can simplify the preparation process of the cooling mechanism by providing the curved groove as the U-shaped groove 1b.
  • the plurality of U-shaped grooves 1b may be disposed on the first inner wall of the casing X1 in a plurality of ways as long as it can uniformly distribute thereon.
  • the central axis of the U-shaped groove 1b can be made parallel to the central axis of the casing X1. This arrangement can not only further simplify the structure of the curved groove, but also make the cooling oil sufficiently and evenly distributed.
  • the ground flows through the outer wall of the stator X2.
  • the end-to-end connection of the two is provided as an arc-shaped connecting section, so that the cooling oil can more easily enter the U-shaped groove 1b at the downstream.
  • the central axis thereof may coincide with the central axis of the top of the first inner wall of the casing X1, and at this time, the inlet may be disposed in the arc of the U-shaped groove 1b.
  • the oil to be cooled enters therein, it can be equally divided into two at its curved head, and sequentially flow forward and backward through the downstream U-shaped groove 1b.
  • the curved groove includes: a plurality of V-shaped grooves that are connected in series with each other.
  • the cooling oil from the oil inlet passage 3 enters the V-shaped groove provided with the inlet from the inlet, and then sequentially flows through the plurality of V-shaped grooves until it is discharged from the V-shaped groove provided with the outlet to the oil outlet passage 4 Inside. Since the V-shaped groove has a simple structure and is easy to prepare, the embodiment of the present disclosure can simplify the preparation process of the cooling mechanism by setting the curved groove to the V-shaped groove.
  • a plurality of V-shaped grooves may be disposed on the first inner wall of the casing X1 in a plurality of ways as long as it satisfies uniform distribution thereon.
  • the central axis of the V-shaped groove can be made parallel to the central axis of the casing X1. This arrangement can not only further make the structure of the curved groove simple and uniform, but also enable the cooling oil to flow through the outer wall of the stator X2 sufficiently and uniformly.
  • the end-to-end connection of the two is provided as an arcuate connecting section to facilitate the cooling oil to enter the V-groove at the downstream.
  • an inlet connected to the oil inlet passage 3 may be disposed on the V-shaped groove at the top of the first inner wall of the casing X1; and a V-shaped groove at the bottom of the first inner wall of the casing X1 is disposed to communicate with the oil outlet passage 4.
  • the central axis thereof may coincide with the central axis of the top of the first inner wall of the casing X1, and at this time, the inlet may be disposed at the tip end of the V-shaped groove to
  • the cooling oil is sequentially flowed forward and backward through the downstream V-shaped grooves, respectively.
  • the curved groove is a spiral groove 1c, and the central axis of the spiral groove 1c coincides with the central axis of the casing X1.
  • the curved groove as the spiral groove 1c, it can sufficiently cover the first inner wall of the casing X1 in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction, and the purpose of sufficiently uniformly cooling the motor X can also be achieved.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a cold winding oil groove 2 at the top of the second inner wall on both sides of the casing X1.
  • both ends of the stator X2 are provided with end windings X3, that is, the end windings X3 are disposed on both sides of the casing X1.
  • a cold winding oil groove 2 is respectively disposed on the top of the second inner wall on both sides of the casing X1, and the cold winding oil groove 2 is directly opposed to the top of the end winding X3 at this time, so that the cooling oil can be made by the
  • the cold winding oil groove 2 is directly dropped to the top wall of the end winding X3, and thus splits into two outer walls of the end winding X3 forward and backward, until it collects and drops to the bottom wall of the end winding X3 to The bottom of the annular space formed by the second inner wall of the casing X1 and the end winding X3. It can be seen that the cold winding oil sump 2 is as defined above, which not only simplifies its structure, but also achieves the purpose of sufficiently and uniformly cooling the windings.
  • the oil cooling mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: An oiling member 5 at the top of the casing X1 and opposite to the cold winding oil sump 2 is used to uniformly apply cooling oil from the cold winding oil sump 2 to the winding surface.
  • the oiling member 5 is provided with two, which are respectively disposed on two sides of the top of the casing X1, and are respectively opposed to the two cold winding oil grooves 2.
  • the oil sprinkling member 5 includes: a curved body 501, a plurality of oil spill holes 502 uniformly disposed on the curved body 501;
  • One end of the curved body 501 is fixed on the top of the casing X1 and extends into the top of the annular space formed by the casing X1 and the winding, so that the arc top of the curved body 501 is opposite to the cold winding oil groove 2.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure is configured to extend into the top of the annular space formed by the casing X1 and the winding by providing the curved body 501 to the end.
  • the upper surfaces of the portion windings X3 are opposite one another, which facilitates uniform application of cooling oil from the oil spill holes 502 thereon. It can be understood that the arcuate cavity of the curved body 501 is opposite to the end winding X3.
  • the middle portion of the curved body 501 is opposed to the middle portion of the cold winding oil groove 2; the upper surface of the curved body 501 is provided with a plurality of baffles 503 for evenly distributing the cooling oil.
  • the middle portion of the curved body 501 opposite to the middle portion of the cold winding oil groove 2, that is, the arc top of the arc top body is opposite to the middle portion of the cold winding oil groove 2, such that when the cooling oil is applied to the upper surface of the curved body 501, It can be evenly distributed forward or backward on it.
  • the baffle 503 can be configured as follows:
  • an axial guide flow plate 503 is disposed in the middle of the curved body 501 in the axial direction to divide the curved body 501 into two front and rear flow guiding regions, for each of the flow guiding regions.
  • a plurality of parallel opposing baffles 503 are disposed along the circumferential direction.
  • one end of the curved body 501 is fixed to the top of the casing X1 so as to protrude into the top of the annular space formed by the casing X1 and the winding, and the two can be fastened by welding, riveting, snapping or the like.
  • one end of the curved body 501 is detachably fixed to the top of the casing X1 by a connecting member, so that not only the fastening property but also the disassembly is facilitated.
  • the connecting member includes: a connecting plate disposed radially outward at one end of the curved body 501, and the connecting plate and the end surface of the top of the casing X1 are provided with opposite mounting holes, which are passed through by using a screw member Fixed in the mounting hole, one end of the curved body 501 can be fixed on the top of the casing X1.
  • a plurality of uniformly distributed cold winding oil grooves 2 are provided in the upper portion of the second inner wall on both sides of the casing X1.
  • the cooling oil sprinkled by the cold winding oil grooves 2 can be uniformly sprinkled not only on the upper surface of the end winding X3, but also The end winding X3 has more oil leaching points, resulting in a larger cooling area.
  • the plurality of cold winding oil grooves 2 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the second inner wall of the casing X1, wherein at least one cold winding oil groove 2 is located at the top of the second inner wall of the casing X1, and the axial direction.
  • the oil sump 1a1 is directly connected, and the remaining cold winding oil grooves 2 are evenly distributed on the front and rear sides of the top of the second inner wall.
  • the cold winding oil sump 2 can be set to three, five, seven, and the like.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure may provide an oil retaining member at the outer end of the cold winding oil groove 2.
  • the oil retaining member can be realized by not extending the cold winding oil groove 2 to the end of the second inner wall of the casing X1.
  • the inner wall of the casing X1 located at the outer end of the cold winding oil groove 2 can serve as the oil retaining member.
  • the arrangement of the cold winding oil tank 2 can be changed accordingly, for example:
  • the cold winding oil groove 2 may be configured as shown in (2-2), that is, A plurality of cold winding oil grooves 2 are uniformly disposed on the upper portion of the second inner wall on both sides of the casing X1, and the cold winding oil grooves 2 are communicated with the curved bottom portion of the U-shaped groove 1b located at the upper portion of the casing X1.
  • the cold winding oil groove 2 can be set as shown in (2-1).
  • a cold winding oil groove 2 is respectively disposed on both sides of the top of the second inner wall on both sides of the casing X1, so that the cold winding oil groove 2 located at both ends of the casing X1 is connected with the spiral groove 1c located at the top of the casing X1.
  • the cold stator oil tank 1 When the cold stator oil tank 1 is the spiral groove 1c described in (1-2-3), as shown in FIG. 8, the cold winding oil tank 2 can be in direct communication with the oil inlet passage 3.
  • the oil inlet passage 3 includes an axial passage 3a1 disposed on the top wall of the casing X1 and extending to the casing X1 at one end. On the end face of the connection;
  • the radial passage 3a2 has upper and lower ends communicating with the axial passage 3a1 and the cold stator oil groove 1, respectively.
  • the cooling oil outside the motor X sequentially enters the cold stator oil tank 1 through the axial passage 3a1 and the radial passage 3a2.
  • the axial passage 3a1 on the top wall of the casing X1, it is ensured that the cooling oil first enters the cold stator oil sump 1 located at the top of the casing X1, so that the top of the stator X2 can flow through the bottom to improve the cooling effect.
  • the speed reducer Y has a built-in oil cooling mechanism.
  • the cooling oil can be circulated in the oil cooling mechanism of the speed reducer Y and the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X, that is, this embodiment
  • the motor X is integrated with the oil passage of the speed reducer Y to improve the utilization of the cooling oil.
  • the other end of the axial passage 3a1 is in communication with the radial passage 3a2, and the radial passage 3a2 can communicate with the central portion of the cold stator oil tank 1 to evenly distribute the cooling oil in the cold stator oil tank 1.
  • the radial passage 3a2 may communicate with the axial oil passage 1a1 of the cold stator oil tank 1, for example, the middle portion thereof.
  • the axial passage 3a1 is provided on the top wall of the casing X1, that is, the axial passage 3a1 is disposed inside the top wall of the casing X1 or outside the top wall of the casing X1.
  • (3-1-1) when the axial passage 3a1 is disposed on the inner wall of the top wall of the casing X1, as shown in FIG. 4, a blind can be opened from the connecting end of the top of the casing X1 toward the inside of the top wall of the casing X1.
  • the hole is sufficient, which is easy to handle and ensures the strength of the axial passage 3a1.
  • the oil inlet passage 3 includes: a direct current passage disposed inside the top wall of the casing X1 in the radial direction; the upper end of the direct current passage extends to the outer side of the top wall of the casing X1, and the lower end is The cold stator oil tank 1 is connected.
  • the oil inlet of the oil inlet passage 3 will be located outside the top wall of the casing X1, which is advantageous for reducing the length of the oil inlet passage 3.
  • the motor X will not be able to integrate with the reducer Y at this time.
  • oil discharge passage 4 For the oil discharge passage 4, it is disposed at the lower portion of the casing X1 while communicating with the lower portion of the cold stator oil groove 1 and the lower portion of the annular space between the casing X1 and the end winding X3.
  • the following gives an example of the structure of the oil channel 4:
  • the oil outlet passage 4 includes: an oil sump 4a1, which is opened at the bottom of the first inner wall of the casing X1 and communicates with the cold stator oil tank 1;
  • the oil draining groove 4a2 is opened at the bottom of the second inner wall of the casing X1, and one end extends to the connecting end surface of the casing X1, and the other end communicates with the oil collecting groove 4a1.
  • the oil sump 4a1 is connected to the cold stator oil sump 1 at the bottom of the casing X1.
  • the oil drain groove 4a2 communicating with the oil sump 4a1 is provided at the bottom of the second inner wall of the casing X1 so as to collect the cooling oil cooled by the end winding X3, and simultaneously discharge the cooling oil from the oil sump 4a1. Further, the other end of the oil drain groove 4a2 extends to the connecting end surface of the casing X1, so that the motor X and the speed reducer Y can be integrated with the oil passage.
  • the bottom surface of the oil draining groove 4a2 may be provided as an inclined surface inclined toward the outlet.
  • the oil outlet passage 4 includes: an oil collection chamber 4b1 which is axially opened inside the bottom wall of the casing X1, and the inlet is connected to the outlet of the spiral groove 1c;
  • the oil discharge chamber 4b2 is opened at the bottom of the second inner wall of the casing X1, and one end communicates with the outlet of the oil collection chamber 4b1, and the other end extends to the connecting end surface of the casing X1.
  • the oil collecting chamber 4b1 is opened inside the bottom wall of the casing X1, and both ends thereof are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the inlet and the outlet of the spiral groove 1c are communicated to collect the cooling oil cooled to the stator X2.
  • a radial flow guiding cavity is arranged on the bottom wall of the casing X1 between the two, and the upper and lower ends thereof respectively correspond to the outlet and the oil collecting chamber of the spiral groove 1c.
  • the inlet of 4b1 is connected.
  • the oil discharge chamber 4b2 is essentially a tank body which directly collects the cooling oil cooled by the end winding X3 and is discharged together with the cooling oil from the oil discharge chamber 4b2.
  • the motor further includes: a housing X4 fixed to the outside of the casing X1;
  • a water tank 6 is opened on the outer wall of the casing X1, and the water tank 6 cooperates with the outer casing X4 to form a water passage for circulating cooling water.
  • a water-cooling mechanism for circulating cooling water can be formed by providing a water tank 6 on the outer wall of the casing X1, which is combined with the inner wall of the outer casing X4 to form a water jacket.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure integrates a water cooling mechanism and an oil cooling mechanism, and the water cooling mechanism can be used not only to cool the cooling oil in the oil cooling mechanism, but also directly take away the stator X2 and the end winding X3. The heat further improves the cooling effect and improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor X.
  • the structure of the outer casing X4 is adapted to the structure of the casing X1, and the two can also be interference-fitted by a heat jacketing method, or can also be connected by welding. Further, when the water tank 6 is opened, it is not excluded to be opened on the inner wall of the outer casing X4 so as to be combined with the outer wall of the casing X1 to constitute a water passage.
  • the structure of the water tank 6 may be similar to that of the cold stator oil tank 1, as long as it satisfies the uniform distribution in the axial direction and the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the casing X1.
  • the water tank 6 may be a spiral groove, and both the water inlet and the water outlet may be disposed on the outer wall of the outer casing X4, and at the same time, the cold stator of the motor cooling structure
  • the oil groove 1 can also be arranged as a spiral groove 1c, and the two are alternately arranged, so that the heat exchange area of the water path and the oil path in the oil cooling mechanism can be effectively increased, and the cooling effect is remarkably improved.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a motor cooling method, which is applied to any of the aforementioned motors, and the method for cooling the motor includes:
  • the cooling oil also enters the cold winding oil tank 2 through the oil inlet passage 3 or the cold stator oil tank 1, and is dropped by the cold winding oil tank 2 to the surface of the end winding X3 to cool the end winding X3;
  • the cooling oil after cooling is discharged from the oil outlet passage 4 to the casing X1 of the motor.
  • the cooling oil passes through the oil cooling mechanism to directly cool the stator X2 and the end winding X3, or the cooling water can be used to directly take away the stator X2 and the end winding X3 through the water cooling mechanism.
  • the cooled cooling oil forms a liquid at the bottom of the inner cavity of the casing X1; and, the liquid is lower than the casing The inner ring of the stator X2 at the bottom of X1.
  • the effusion is lower than the inner ring of the stator X2 at the bottom of the casing X1 to prevent the liquid level of the effluent from contacting the air gap between the stator X2 and the rotor, thereby avoiding adversely affecting the rotation of the motor X.
  • the liquid level of the effluent is realized by controlling the flow rate when the cooling oil enters the oil inlet passage 3 and the outlet size of the oil outlet passage 4.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a power assembly including: any one of the motors X mentioned above; a speed reducer Y coaxially coupled with the motor X; and electrically connected to the motor X Motor controller Z.
  • the oil cooling mechanism gives the same advantages to the powertrain.
  • the Motor Control Unit is a common motor X control component that controls the motor X according to the set direction, speed, angle, and rotation through active operation of power hardware, board hardware, and control software.
  • the work of the moment and the response time makes the application range of the motor X wider, the output efficiency is higher, and the noise is smaller.
  • the motor controller Z has an independent water cooling mechanism built therein to dissipate heat.
  • the reducer is a common reduction gear used to match the speed and transmit torque. It generally includes a gearbox Y1 and a gear transmission Y2 enclosed in the gearbox Y1.
  • the structure of the speed reducer Y is improved as follows:
  • the speed reducer Y includes a gear case Y1 connected to a connecting end face of the casing X1 of the motor X, and a gear transmission member Y2 disposed inside the gear case Y1.
  • gear transmission Y2 is coaxially coupled with the motor X;
  • the filter Y3 is connected to the oil inlet of the oil pump Y4 for filtering the cooling oil collected at the bottom of the gear box Y1;
  • the gear case Y1, the filter Y3, and the oil pump Y4 cooperate with an oil cooling mechanism that constitutes the speed reducer Y.
  • the cooling oil collected at the bottom of the filter gear box Y1 can be filtered, and communicated with the oil inlet of the oil pump Y4 to transfer the filtered cooling oil to the oil pump Y4; by making the oil pump Y4
  • the pump shaft is coupled to the axle of the intermediate shaft pinion Y23 to facilitate delivery of the filtered cooling oil to the gear transmission Y2 or to the outside of the gearbox Y1.
  • the gear transmission Y2 may include an input gear Y21 coaxially coupled to the motor X, and an intermediate shaft large gear Y22 engaged with the input gear Y21.
  • An intermediate shaft pinion Y23 coaxially connected to the intermediate shaft large gear Y22 and an output shaft gear Y24 meshed with the intermediate shaft pinion Y23.
  • the oil pump Y4 may be a mechanical oil pump Y4, and the pump shaft of the mechanical oil pump Y4 is coupled to the axle of the intermediate shaft pinion Y23.
  • the oil pump Y4 can perform the oil pumping operation under the driving of the intermediate shaft pinion Y23, thereby effectively saving fuel consumption.
  • the mechanical oil pump Y4 also avoids the use of an auxiliary device such as the oil pump Y4 motor X and the controller for controlling the oil pump Y4 motor X, which simplifies the structure of the powertrain.
  • the gear box Y1, the filter Y3, and the oil pump Y4 cooperate with the oil cooling mechanism constituting the speed reducer Y, and when the gear transmission member Y2, particularly the meshing portion of each gear, is cooled, the oil pump Y4 is driven to the gear transmission member.
  • the cooling oil casing X1 is pumped in Y2 to cool and cool them to dissipate the reducer Y.
  • An oil cooling mechanism is provided in the motor X provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and a water cooling mechanism may also be disposed at the same time.
  • the water cooling mechanism disposed inside the motor X may be referred to as an internal heat exchanger, and based on this,
  • the powertrain can integrate the oil circuit and the water circuit of the motor X, the speed reducer Y, and the motor controller Z to achieve sufficient heat exchange.
  • the oil cooling mechanism of the reducer Y and the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X cooperate to form an oil circuit circulation
  • the cooling water source, the water cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z, and the water cooling mechanism of the motor X cooperate to form a water circuit circulation.
  • the water cooling mechanism of the motor X can be understood as an internal heat exchanger disposed inside the motor X.
  • the oil circuit cycle and the water circuit cycle can be realized by the following connection relationship:
  • the end face of the gear box Y1 and the connecting end face of the casing X1 is provided with a first oil inlet and a first oil outlet;
  • the first oil outlet is connected to the inlet of the oil inlet passage 3 of the motor X;
  • the first oil inlet communicates with the outlet of the oil passage 4 of the motor X.
  • the cooling water source is connected to the inlet of the water cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z;
  • the outlet of the water cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z is connected to the water inlet of the water cooling mechanism of the motor X;
  • the water outlet of the water cooling mechanism of the motor X is in communication with the cooling water source.
  • the cooling oil is cooled and dissipated by the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X to the stator X2 and the end winding X3, and then discharged from the oil outlet passage 4 to the bottom of the gearbox Y1 of the speed reducer Y and the cooling oil product therein.
  • the liquid is mixed, and then filtered by the filter Y3.
  • the filtered cooling oil is sent to the gear transmission Y2 of the speed reducer Y through the oil pump Y4 to lubricate and cool the gear meshing portion, thereby achieving cooling and cooling of the speed reducer Y.
  • the cooling oil will drip under gravity to the bottom of the gearbox Y1 to form a effusion, and another part of the cooling oil will be directly sent into the oil inlet passage 3 of the motor X through the first oil outlet by the oil pump Y4.
  • the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X cools and cools the stator X2 and the end winding X3 of the motor X, and the cooled cooling oil is collected at the bottom of the casing X1 of the motor X to form an effusion, so that the stator X2 and the end at the bottom of the casing X1 are formed.
  • the portion of the winding X3 is immersed in the effusion, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the motor X.
  • the cooling oil effluent at the bottom of the motor X casing X1 flows into the bottom of the gear box Y1 and mixes with the cooling oil effluent here to start a new round of oil circuit circulation.
  • the cooling water from the cooling water source first enters the water cooling mechanism of the motor controller Z, and after cooling the motor controller Z, the cooling water enters the water channel of the motor X. Since the cooling water flows in the water channel between the casing X1 and the outer casing X4 of the motor X, not only the stator X2 and the end winding X3 can be directly dissipated, but also the cooling oil in the motor X oil-cooling mechanism can be exchanged. Cooling, fully improve the heat dissipation effect of the motor X. Subsequently, the cooling water cooled by the motor X is discharged from the outlet of the water channel to the cooling water source, and then enters the water cooling mechanism of the motor controller Z again to start a new round of water circulation.
  • the powertrain further includes: a water-and-water heat exchanger W independent of the reducer Y and the motor X;
  • the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X, the oil cooling mechanism of the reducer Y, and the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W cooperate to form an oil circuit circulation;
  • the cooling water source, the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W, the water-cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z, and the water passage of the motor X constitute a water circuit circulation.
  • the oil circuit cycle and the water circuit cycle can be realized by the following connection relationship:
  • the end face of the gear box Y1 and the connecting end face of the casing X1 is provided with a first oil inlet and a first oil outlet, and the top of the gear box Y1 is provided with a second oil inlet and a second outlet.
  • the first oil outlet is connected to the inlet of the oil inlet passage 3 of the motor X;
  • the first oil inlet is connected to the outlet of the oil outlet passage 4 of the motor X;
  • the second oil outlet is connected with the inlet of the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W, and the outlet of the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W is connected with the second oil inlet;
  • the cooling water source is in communication with the inlet of the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W, and the outlet of the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W is connected to the inlet of the water-cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z;
  • the outlet of the water cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z is in communication with the cooling water source.
  • the cooling oil is cooled and dissipated by the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X to the stator X2 and the end winding X3, and then discharged from the oil outlet passage 4 to the bottom of the gearbox Y1 of the speed reducer Y and the cooling oil product therein.
  • the liquid is mixed, and then filtered through a filter Y3, and the filtered cooling oil is sent to the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W through the oil pump Y4.
  • the cooling oil in the oil passage and the cooling water in the water passage are subjected to heat exchange and cooling.
  • the cooling oil after cooling is returned to the gear box Y1 and divided into two parts: a part of the gear transmission Y2 is lubricated and cooled in the gear box Y1, and then the cooling oil drops on the bottom of the gear box Y1.
  • the effusion; another part of the cooling oil will be directly sent to the motor X oil cooling mechanism by the oil pump Y4 to cool the stator X2 and the end winding X3 of the motor X, and the cooled cooling oil is collected at the bottom of the casing X1 of the motor X.
  • the effusion is formed such that the stator X2 and the end winding X3 at the bottom of the casing X1 are immersed in the effusion all the time, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the motor X.
  • the cooling oil effluent at the bottom of the motor X casing X1 flows into the bottom of the gear box Y1 and mixes with the cooling oil effluent here to start a new round of oil circuit circulation.
  • the cooling water from the cooling water source first enters the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W to cool the cooling oil in the oil passage, and then is sent to the water-cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z.
  • the motor controller Z is cooled, and finally discharged from the outlet of the water-cooling mechanism of the motor controller Z to the cooling water source for cooling, and then enters the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W again to start a new round of water circulation.
  • the powertrain further includes:
  • Oil-water heat exchanger W independent of the reducer Y and the motor X;
  • the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X, the oil cooling mechanism of the reducer Y, and the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W cooperate to form an oil circuit circulation;
  • the cooling water source, the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W, the water-cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z, and the water-cooling mechanism of the motor X cooperate to form a water circuit circulation.
  • the oil circuit cycle and the water circuit cycle can be realized by the following connection relationship:
  • the end face of the gear box Y1 and the connecting end face of the casing X1 is provided with a first oil inlet and a first oil outlet
  • the top of the gear box Y1 is provided with a second oil inlet and a second outlet. Oil port
  • the first oil outlet is connected to the inlet of the oil inlet passage 3 of the motor X;
  • the first oil inlet is connected to the outlet of the oil outlet passage 4 of the motor X;
  • the second oil outlet is connected with the inlet of the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W, and the outlet of the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W is connected with the second oil inlet;
  • the cooling water source is in communication with the inlet of the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W, and the outlet of the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W is connected to the inlet of the water-cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z;
  • the outlet of the water cooling mechanism built in the motor controller Z is connected to the water inlet of the water cooling mechanism of the motor X;
  • the water outlet of the water-cooling mechanism of the motor X communicates with the cooling water source and communicates with the cooling water source.
  • the cooling oil is cooled and dissipated by the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X to the stator X2 and the end winding X3, and then discharged from the oil outlet passage 4 to the bottom of the gearbox Y1 of the speed reducer Y and the cooling oil product therein.
  • the liquid is mixed, and then filtered through a filter Y3, and the filtered cooling oil is sent to the oil passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W through the oil pump Y4.
  • the cooling oil in the oil passage and the cooling water in the water passage are subjected to heat exchange and cooling.
  • the cooling oil after cooling is returned to the gear box Y1 and divided into two parts: a part of the gear transmission Y2 is lubricated and cooled in the gear box Y1, and then the cooling oil drops on the bottom of the gear box Y1.
  • the effusion; another part of the cooling oil will be directly sent to the motor X oil cooling mechanism by the oil pump Y4 to cool the stator X2 and the end winding X3 of the motor X, and the cooled cooling oil is collected at the bottom of the casing X1 of the motor X.
  • the effusion is formed such that the stator X2 and the end winding X3 at the bottom of the casing X1 are immersed in the effusion all the time, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect of the motor X.
  • the cooling oil effluent at the bottom of the motor X casing X1 flows into the bottom of the gear box Y1 and mixes with the cooling oil effluent here to start a new round of oil circuit circulation.
  • the cooling water from the cooling water source flows into the water passage that first enters the oil-water heat exchanger W to perform the first cooling of the cooling oil in the oil passage, and then is sent to the motor controller Z.
  • the motor controller Z In the water cooling mechanism, the motor controller Z is cooled. Then enter the water channel of the motor X.
  • the cooling water flows inside the water channel between the motor X casing X1 and the outer casing X4, and can be used for the second cooling of the cooling oil in the oil cooling mechanism of the motor X on the one hand, and can directly take the stator X2 and the end directly on the other hand.
  • the heat radiated from the winding X3 enhances the cooling and cooling effect of the oil passage.
  • the cooling water is discharged from the water outlet of the motor X to the cooling water source for cooling, and then enters the water passage of the oil-water heat exchanger W again to start a new round of water circulation.
  • the powertrain provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may optionally use either or both of the internal heat exchanger and the external oil-water heat exchanger W according to the actual heat dissipation requirement of the powertrain.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a power device including any of the powertrains previously described.
  • the power device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a heat dissipating component M independent of the reducer Y, the motor X, and the oil-water heat exchanger W;
  • the heat dissipating member M incorporates a water-cooling mechanism, and when the power device is cooled, the water-cooling mechanism of the heat dissipating member M participates in the water circulation.
  • the cooling water is fully utilized by participating in the above-described water cooling cycle by other heat dissipating devices of the power equipment.
  • the heat dissipating component M is integrated, including but not limited to: a battery, a computer, a DC converter, and the like that require heat dissipation.
  • the powertrains described in the above (1), (2), and (3) are respectively exemplified to explain how the heat dissipating member M participates in the above water circulation.
  • the water cooling mechanism that enters the motor controller Z participates in the above water circulation, and finally The cooling water cooled by the motor X is discharged from the outlet of the water channel to the water-cooling mechanism of the heat dissipating component M, and is thereby discharged to the cooling water source for cooling, and a new round of water circulation is started.
  • the power devices described above include, but are not limited to, electric vehicles, electric motorcycles, electric boats, or electric aircraft.
  • the power device may be an electric vehicle, and accordingly, the heat dissipating member M may be an in-vehicle charger, a battery, a DC converter, or the like.

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Abstract

本申请公开了电机、动力总成、动力设备及电机冷却方法，属于电机冷却领域。该电机包括电机主体和油冷机构，油冷机构包括：开设在机壳与定子相对的第一内壁上的冷定子油槽；开设在机壳与端部绕组相对的第二内壁上部的冷绕组油槽，且冷绕组油槽与冷定子油槽连通；设置在机壳上部的进油通道，且进油通道与冷定子油槽连通；设置在机壳下部的出油通道，且出油通道与冷定子油槽以及机壳与端部绕组之间的环形空间连通。该油冷机构不会额外增加电机的机壳体积，显著降低机壳厚度，确保电机小体积特性。该油冷机构使冷却油与定子外壁和端部绕组直接接触，确保充分冷却，满足电机大功率下的散热性。该油冷机构使油路系统更加简单可靠，适应性强。

Description

电机、动力总成、动力设备及电机冷却方法
本公开要求于2017年11月07日提交的申请号为201711083873.3、公开名称为“电机、动力总成、动力设备及电机冷却方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电机冷却领域，特别涉及电机、动力总成、动力设备及电机冷却方法。
背景技术
电机作为动力设备，例如电动汽车的动力源，应用范围十分广泛，其主体包括转轴、固定套装在转轴上的转子、间隙套设于转子外部的定子、安装在定子上的绕组、固定套装在定子外部以用于将上述各部件容纳其中的机壳。其中，绕组在定子的前后两端分别形成为端部绕组。基于电机小体积而大功率的特点，在其运行过程中，绕组会产生大量的焦耳损耗，同时，定子会产生大量的涡流损耗和磁滞损耗，以上各损耗所带来的热量如果不能及时散出，将损害电机。所以，有必要对电机进行冷却。
现有技术提供了一种电机，该电机除了包括上述主体结构，还包括油冷机构，该油冷机构包括：设置在定子和机壳之间的油管，通过在定子和机壳之间设置间隙以使该油管穿过，使得该油管与定子外壁以及机壳内壁存在间隙，且其上设置有分别与定子和定子绕组相对的淋油孔。通过在油管内输送冷却油，使其由淋油孔分别淋至定子表面和定子绕组表面，以对它们进行冷却处理。
发明人发现现有技术至少存在以下问题：
现有技术提供的电机，通过在定子和机壳之间设置间隙来容纳油冷机构，会增加机壳体积，并且通过在油管上设置淋油孔，难以确保充分冷却。
公开内容
本公开实施例提供了电机、动力总成、动力设备及电机冷却方法，可解决上述技术问题。具体技术方案如下：
一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种电机，所述电机包括电机主体和油冷机构，该油冷机构：开设在机壳与定子相对的第一内壁上的冷定子油槽；
开设在所述机壳与端部绕组相对的第二内壁上部的冷绕组油槽；
设置在所述机壳上部的进油通道；
设置在所述机壳下部的出油通道；
所述冷定子油槽与所述进油通道连通；
所述冷绕组油槽与所述冷定子油槽或者所述进油通道连通；
所述出油通道与所述冷定子油槽连通，且所述出油通道还与所述机壳和所述端部绕组之间的环形空间连通。
在一种可能的设计中，所述冷定子油槽包括：沿轴向开设在所述机壳的第一内壁顶部的轴向过油槽；
沿圆周方向开设在所述机壳的第一内壁上的至少一个周向导油槽；
所述周向导油槽的顶部与所述轴向过油槽连通，底部与所述出油通道连通；
所述轴向过油槽同时与所述冷绕组油槽和所述进油通道连通。
在一种可能的设计中，所述冷定子油槽还包括：沿轴向开设在所述机壳的第一内壁上的至少一个轴向导油槽；
至少一个所述轴向导油槽与至少一个所述周向导油槽彼此交叉连通。
在一种可能的设计中，所述冷定子油槽为：进口与所述进油通道连通，出口与所述出油通道连通的弯槽；
所述弯槽沿所述机壳的第一内壁的轴向和周向均匀分布。
在一种可能的设计中，所述弯槽包括：多个首尾顺次连通的U形槽。
在一种可能的设计中，所述U形槽的中轴线与所述机壳的中轴线平行。
在一种可能的设计中，所述弯槽包括：多个首尾顺次连通的V形槽。
在一种可能的设计中，所述V形槽的中轴线与所述机壳的中轴线平行。
在一种可能的设计中，所述弯槽为螺旋槽；
所述螺旋槽的中轴线与所述机壳的中轴线重合。
在一种可能的设计中，在所述机壳两侧的第二内壁顶部分别设置有一个所述冷绕组油槽。
在一种可能的设计中，所述油冷机构还包括：设置在所述机壳顶部，且与所述冷绕组油槽相对的洒油件，用于将来自于所述冷绕组油槽的冷却油均匀洒施在所述端部绕组表面。
在一种可能的设计中，所述洒油件包括：弧形本体、均匀设置在所述弧形本体上的多个洒油孔；
所述弧形本体的一端固定在所述机壳顶部，并伸入至所述机壳与所述端部绕组形成的环形空间顶部，使弧顶与所述冷绕组油槽相对。
在一种可能的设计中，所述弧形本体的中部与所述冷绕组油槽的中部相对；
所述弧形本体的上表面上设置有多个导流板，用于使所述冷却油均匀分配。
在一种可能的设计中，所述弧形本体的一端通过连接件可拆卸地固定在所述机壳的顶部。
在一种可能的设计中，在所述机壳两侧的第二内壁上部均设置有多个均匀分布的所述冷绕组油槽。
在一种可能的设计中，所述进油通道包括：轴向通道，设置在所述机壳的顶壁上，且一端延伸至所述机壳的连接端面上；
径向通道，上、下两端分别与所述轴向通道和所述冷定子油槽连通。
在一种可能的设计中，所述轴向通道设置在所述机壳的顶壁内部或者设置在所述机壳的顶壁外侧。
在一种可能的设计中，所述进油通道包括：沿径向方向设置在所述机壳顶壁内部的直流通道；
所述直流通道的上端延伸至所述机壳的顶壁外侧，下端与所述冷定子油槽连通。
在一种可能的设计中，所述出油通道包括：汇油槽，开设在所述机壳的第一内壁底部，且与所述冷定子油槽连通；
排油槽，开设在所述机壳的第二内壁底部，且一端延伸至所述机壳的连接端面上，另一端与所述汇油槽连通。
在一种可能的设计中，所述出油通道包括：汇油腔，沿轴向开设在所述机壳的底壁内部，且进口与所述螺旋槽的出口连通；
排油腔，开设在所述机壳的第二内壁底部，且一端与所述汇油腔的出口连通，另一端延伸至机壳的连接端面上。
在一种可能的设计中，所述电机还包括水冷机构，该水冷机构包括：固定套装在所述机壳外部的外壳；
开设于所述机壳的外壁上的水槽，所述水槽与所述外壳内壁配合构成用于循环冷却水的水道。
在一种可能的设计中，所述水槽为螺旋槽。
在一种可能的设计中，所述冷定子油槽为与所述水槽交替分布的螺旋槽。
另一方面，提供了一种电机冷却方法，应用于前述涉及的任一种电机，对所述电机进行冷却的方法包括：
使冷却油经进油通道进入冷定子油槽，并在所述冷定子油槽内与定子的表面接触，以冷却所述定子；
同时，所述冷却油还通过所述进油通道或者所述冷定子油槽进入冷绕组油槽，并由所述冷绕组油槽滴落至端部绕组的表面，以冷却所述端部绕组；
进行所述冷却后的冷却油由出油通道排出所述电机的机壳。
在一种可能的设计中，通过控制冷却油进入所述进油通道时的流量以及所述出油通道的出口大小，使得冷却完毕的冷却油在所述机壳底部形成积液；
所述积液低于所述机壳底部的定子的内环。
再一方面，提供了一种动力总成，包括：前述涉及的任一种电机；
与所述电机同轴联接的减速器；
与所述电机电性连接的电机控制器。
在一种可能的设计中，所述减速器包括：与所述电机的机壳的连接端面连接的齿轮箱、以及设置在所述齿轮箱内部的齿轮传动件、过滤器、油泵；
所述齿轮传动件与所述电机同轴联接；
所述过滤器与所述油泵的进油口连通，用于过滤所述齿轮箱底部汇集的冷却油；
所述齿轮箱、所述过滤器、所述油泵配合构成所述减速器的油冷机构。
在一种可能的设计中，所述齿轮传动件包括：与所述电机的同轴连接的输入轴齿轮、与所述输入轴齿轮啮合的中间轴大齿轮、与所述中间轴大齿轮同轴连接的中间轴小齿轮、与所述中间轴小齿轮啮合的输出轴齿轮；
在一种可能的设计中，所述油泵为机械式油泵；
所述油泵的泵轴与所述中间轴小齿轮的轮轴连接。
在一种可能的设计中，所述减速器的油冷机构、所述电机的油冷机构配合构成油路循环；
冷却水源、所述电机控制器内置的水冷机构、所述电机的水冷机构配合构成水路循环。
在一种可能的设计中，所述动力总成还包括：独立于所述减速器和所述电机外部的油水换热器；
所述电机的油冷机构、所述减速器的油冷机构、所述油水换热器的过油通道配合构成油路循环；
冷却水源、所述油水换热器的过水通道、所述电机控制器内置的水冷机构配合构成水路循环。
在一种可能的设计中，所述动力总成还包括：独立于所述减速器和所述电机外部的油水换热器；
所述电机的油冷机构、所述减速器的油冷机构、所述油水换热器的过油通道配合构成油路循环；
冷却水源、所述油水换热器的过水通道、所述电机控制器内置的水冷机构、所述电机的水冷机构配合构成水路循环。
再一方面，提供了一种动力设备，包括前述涉及的任一种动力总成。
在一种可能的设计中，所述动力设备还包括：独立于所述减速器、所述电机、所述油水换热器外部的散热部件；
所述散热部件内置有水冷机构；
在对所述动力设备进行冷却时，使所述散热部件的水冷机构参与所述水路循环。
在一种可能的设计中，所述动力设备为电动汽车、电动摩托车、电动船、或者电动飞行器。
本公开实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是：
本公开实施例提供的电机，通过在机壳的内壁上开设冷定子油槽和冷绕组油槽，来获得该油冷机构，如此不会额外增加电机机壳的体积，显著降低机壳的厚度，确保了电机满足其小体积的特性。该油冷机构使得冷却油与定子外壁和端部绕组直接接触，确保充分冷却，满足电机在大功率下的散热性。另外，该油冷机构使得油路系统更加简单可靠，具有强适应性。
附图说明
图1是本公开实施例提供的电机中，油冷机构的第一类结构示意图；
图2是本公开实施例提供的，基于图1中虚线椭圆内所示结构的局部放大图；
图3是本公开实施例提供的，基于图1提供的油冷机构中机壳的剖面图；
图4是本公开实施例提供的，基于图1提供的油冷机构中机壳的局部轴测图；
图5是本公开实施例提供的，基于图1提供的油冷机构中机壳的局部轴测图；
图6是本公开实施例提供的从第一视角获取的，具有第二类结构的油冷机构以及水冷机构的电机的局剖图；
图7是本公开实施例提供的从第二视角获取的，具有第二类结构的油冷机构以及水冷机构的电机的局剖图；
图8是本公开实施例提供的从第一视角获取的，从电机中抽象出来的第三类结构的油冷 机构的结构示意图；
图9是本公开实施例提供的从第二视角获取的，从电机中抽象出来的第三类油冷机构和水冷机构的结构示意图；
图10是本公开实施例提供的，具有如图9提供的油冷机构和水冷机构的电机的局部轴测图；
图11是本公开实施例提供的洒油件的结构示意图；
图12是本公开实施例提供的电机中，设置有多个冷绕组油槽的机壳的轴测图；
图13是本公开实施例提供的，第一类动力总成的油路和水路循环示意图；
图14是本公开实施例提供的，第二类动力总成的油路和水路循环示意图；
图15是本公开实施例提供的，第三类动力总成的油路和水路循环示意图。
其中，图2中所述的虚线为冷却油的流动路径。
附图标记分别表示：
1-冷定子油槽，
1a1-轴向过油槽，1a2-周向导油槽，1a3-轴向导油槽；
1b-U形槽，
1c-螺旋槽，
2-冷绕组油槽，
3-进油通道，3a1-轴向通道，3a2-径向通道，
4-出油通道，4a1-汇油槽，4a2-排油槽，4b1-汇油腔，4b2-排油腔，
5-洒油件，501-弧形本体，502-洒油孔，503-导流板，
6-水槽，
X-电机，
X1-机壳，
X2-定子
X3-端部绕组，
X4-外壳，
Y-减速器，
Y1-齿轮箱，
Y2-齿轮传动件，Y21-输入轴齿轮，Y22-中间轴大齿轮，Y23-中间轴小齿轮，
Y24-输出轴齿轮，
Y3-过滤器，
Y4-油泵，
Z-电机控制器，
W-油水换热器，
M-散热部件。
具体实施方式
除非另有定义，本公开实施例所用的所有技术术语均具有与本领域技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本公开实施 方式作进一步地详细描述。
如附图1所示，本公开实施例提供了一种电机，该电机包括电机主体和冷却机构。其中，电机主体包括转轴、固定套装在转轴上的转子、间隙套设于转子外部的定子X2、安装在定子X2上的绕组、固定套装在定子X2外部以用于将上述各部件容纳其中的机壳X1。其中，绕组在定子X2的前后两端分别形成为端部绕组X3，机壳X1与端部绕组X3之间形成有环形空间。定子X2也可称为定子硅钢片。
基于电机主体的上述结构，为了便于描述以下油冷机构的结构，在本公开实施例中，将电机X的机壳X1的内壁分为两部分：与定子X2相对的第一内壁、以及，与端部绕组X3相对的第二内壁。
一方面，如附图1所示，该油冷机构包括：开设在机壳X1与定子X2相对的第一内壁上的冷定子油槽1；
开设在机壳X1与端部绕组X3相对的第二内壁上部的冷绕组油槽2；
设置在机壳X1上部的进油通道3；
设置在机壳X1下部的出油通道4。
其中，如附图2所示，冷定子油槽1与进油通道3连通；
冷绕组油槽2与冷定子油槽1或者进油通道3连通；
出油通道4与冷定子油槽1连通，且，出油通道4还与机壳X1和端部绕组X3之间的环形空间连通。
本公开实施例提供的电机，对其油冷机构进行了改进：通过在机壳X1的第一内壁上开设冷定子油槽1，由于机壳X1固定套装在定子X2上，此时冷定子油槽1与定子X2外壁将配合构成冷定子油路。应用时，冷却油由进油通道3进入冷定子油槽1内来与定子X2外壁直接接触，对其以及其上安装的绕组进行冷却。由于冷绕组油槽2与冷定子油槽1或者进油通道3连通，冷却油进入将部分流入冷绕组油槽2中，由于冷绕组油槽2与端部绕组X3相对，则其内的冷却油将滴落在端部绕组X3表面，以冷却端部绕组X3。由于出油通道4与冷定子油槽1以及机壳X1与绕组之间的环形空间连通，对定子X2冷却完毕的冷却油和对绕组冷却完毕的冷却油均汇集至出油通道4内排出机壳X1。
其中，通过将冷绕组油槽2设置在机壳X1的第二内壁的上部，以确保冷却油滴落至端部绕组X3的上表面，并依靠重力作用由端部绕组X3的上表面流至下表面，最终汇集在机壳X1与端部绕组X3之间环形空间的底部，使定子X2底部和端部绕组X3的底部浸泡于汇集的冷却油中，提高冷却效果。
通过将进油通道3设置在机壳X1上部，将出油通道4设置在机壳X1下部，不仅能确保冷却油的冷却路径自上而下，达到充分冷却的目的，而且，当环形空间底部汇集的冷却油的液位增加至使冷却油与出油通道4连通时，便于将此处的冷却油部分地排出。
可见，本公开实施例提供的电机，通过在机壳X1的内壁上开设冷定子油槽1和冷绕组油槽2，来获得油冷机构，如此不会额外增加电机X的机壳X1的体积，显著降低机壳X1的厚度，确保了电机X满足其小体积的特性。该冷却机构使得冷却油与定子X2外壁和端部绕组X3直接接触，确保充分冷却，满足电机X在大功率下的散热性。另外，该油冷机构使得油路系统更加简单可靠，具有强适应性。
以下就上述提及的油冷机构中的各部件分别给予阐述：
本公开实施例在机壳X1内壁上开设油槽后，可通过热套方式来与定子X2过盈配合(即，两者热套过盈配合)，使机壳X1内壁上未开槽的内壁与定子X2外壁紧密接触，以确保两者紧固套装，以及确保冷定子油槽1与定子X2外壁配合构成密封性强的冷绕组油路。可见，本公开实施例提供的电机，基于具有上述的油冷机构，利用简单的加工工艺即可制备得到机壳X1，而且，由于该油冷机构内的油路由机壳X1的内壁的开槽与定子X2的外壁配合构成，无需额外采用油管或者油封结构，具有较高的可靠性。
(1)对于冷定子油槽1来说，其开设在机壳X1与定子X2相对的第一内壁上以达到冷却定子X2的目的。其中，该冷定子油槽1至少自机壳X1第一内壁上部延伸至下部，以确保同时与进油通道3和出油通道4连通。可以理解的是，如若冷定子油槽1均匀分布在机壳X1的第一内壁上，则冷却油能更加充分且均匀地冷却定子X2和端部绕组X3，为了达到这个目的，以下就冷定子油槽1的设置方式给出几种示例：
(1-1)作为一种示例：
如附图3所示，该冷定子油槽1包括：沿轴向开设在机壳X1的第一内壁顶部的轴向过油槽1a1；
如附图4所示，沿圆周方向开设在机壳X1的第一内壁上的至少一个周向导油槽1a2；
该周向导油槽1a2的顶部与轴向过油槽1a1连通，底部与出油通道4连通；
如附图2所示，该轴向过油槽1a1同时与冷绕组油槽2和进油通道3连通。
应用时，冷却油自进油通道3进入轴向过油槽1a1中，由于至少一个周向导油槽1a2与轴向过油槽1a1连通，此时，冷却油将由轴向过油槽1a1均匀分流至每个周向导油槽1a2内，并在周向导油槽1a2内由顶部的前、后两侧分别绕着定子X2的外壁流至底部，并在底部通过出油通道4排出，从而实现对定子X2充分且均匀的冷却。由于轴向过油槽1a1还与冷绕组油槽2连通，其内的部分冷却油还将进入冷绕组油槽2，流出至端部绕组X3上，以对绕组进行冷却。
具体地，轴向过油槽1a1不仅仅是油路的一部分，同时，当周向导油槽1a2为多个时，该轴向过油槽1a1还能够将冷却油均匀分配至多个周向导油槽1a2内。通过将轴向过油槽1a1设置在机壳X1的第一内壁顶部，确保冷却油可以沿定子X2顶部流至底部，确保冷却充分且均匀。
举例来说，周向导油槽1a2可以设置为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或者更多个，当其设置为多个时，可以均匀分布，即相邻两个周向导油槽1a2之间的间距相等。
进一步地，为了使电机X冷却效果更加充分均与，如附图5所示，该冷定子油槽1还包括：沿轴向开设在机壳X1的第一内壁上的至少一个轴向导油槽1a3；
至少一个轴向导油槽1a3与至少一个周向导油槽1a2彼此交叉连通。
通过设置至少一个轴向导油槽1a3来与周向导油槽1a2交叉连通，可使冷却油由轴向过油槽1a1进入周向导油槽1a2后再分配至轴向导油槽1a3内，尽可能扩大冷却油与定子X2的接触面积，进一步提高定子X2的散热效果。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，上述的“至少一个轴向导油槽1a3与至少一个周向导油槽1a2彼此交叉连通”指的是每个轴向导油槽1a3沿轴向方向同时与所有的周向导油槽1a2连通，亦即，每个周向导油槽1a2沿圆周方向同时与所有的轴向导油槽1a3连通。
基于同样的目的，轴向导油槽1a3也可以设置为1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或者更多 个，当其设置为多个时，可以均匀分布，即相邻两个轴向导油槽1a3之间的弧长相等。
(1-2)作为另一种示例：
该冷定子油槽1为：进口与进油通道3连通，出口与出油通道4连通的弯槽；
弯槽沿机壳X1的第一内壁的轴向和周向均匀分布。
应用时，来自进油通道3的冷却油由弯槽的进口进入其内，并延其弯曲方向前行来与定子X2外壁接触，以对定子X2进行充分冷却，最终冷却油将由弯槽的出口进入出油通道4排出。通过使弯槽沿机壳X1的第一内壁的轴向和周向均匀分布，以确保冷却的均匀性。
可以理解的是，该弯槽为整体式槽体，同时还与冷绕组油槽2连通，在此对其不再详述。
该弯槽可以设计成多种结构，只要其满足能够在机壳X1的第一内壁上沿轴向方向以及沿周向方向均匀分布即可。以下就该弯槽的结构给出几种示例：
(1-2-1)：如附图6及附图7所示，该弯槽包括：多个首尾顺次连通的U形槽1b。
可以理解的是，在机壳X1内壁上部的一个U形槽1b上设置有进口，而在机壳X1内壁下部的一个U形槽1b上设置有出口。为了使冷却油充分流经定子X2的外壁，可以在机壳X1第一内壁顶部的U形槽1b上设置有与进油通道3连通的进口；在机壳X1第一内壁底部的U形槽1b上设置有与出油通道4连通的出口。
应用时，来自进油通道3的冷却油由进口进入设置有进口的U形槽1b内，随后顺次流经多个U形槽1b，直至由设置有出口的U形槽1b内排至出油通道4内。
由于U形槽1b结构简单，易制备，本公开实施例通过将弯槽设置为U形槽1b还能简化该冷却机构制备工艺。
多个U形槽1b在机壳X1第一内壁上的设置方式可以有多种，只要其能满足在其上均匀分布即可。举例来说，如附图6所示，可以使U形槽1b的中轴线与机壳X1的中轴线平行，如此设置不仅能进一步使弯槽的结构简单均匀，且能使冷却油充分且均匀地流经定子X2外壁。
对于相邻的两个U形槽1b来说，两者的首尾连接处设置为弧形连接段，以便于冷却油更加容易地进入下游处的U形槽1b。
对于设置于机壳X1第一内壁顶部的U形槽1b来说，可以使其中轴线与机壳X1第一内壁顶部的中轴线重合，此时，进口可以设置在该U形槽1b的弧形头部中部，如此待冷却油进入其内后，可以在其弧形头部处平均分成两股，分别向前和向后顺次流经下游的U形槽1b内。
(1-2-2)：该弯槽包括：多个首尾顺次连通的V形槽。
应用时，来自进油通道3的冷却油由进口进入设置有进口的V形槽内，随后顺次流经多个V形槽，直至由设置有出口的V形槽内排至出油通道4内。由于V形槽结构简单，易制备，本公开实施例通过将弯槽设置为V形槽还能简化该冷却机构制备工艺。
与U形槽1b类似，多个V形槽在机壳X1第一内壁上的设置方式可以有多种，只要其能满足在其上均匀分布即可。举例来说，可以使V形槽的中轴线与机壳X1的中轴线平行，如此设置不仅能进一步使弯槽的结构简单均匀，且能使冷却油充分且均匀地流经定子X2外壁。
对于相邻的两个V形槽来说，两者的首尾连接处设置为弧形连接段，以便于冷却油更加容易地进入下游处的V形槽。
同样地，可以在机壳X1第一内壁顶部的V形槽上设置有与进油通道3连通的进口；在机壳X1第一内壁底部的V形槽上设置有与出油通道4连通的出口。
对于设置于机壳X1第一内壁顶部的V形槽来说，可以使其中轴线与机壳X1第一内壁顶部的中轴线重合，此时，进口可以设置在该V形槽的尖端处，以使冷却油分别向前和向后顺次流经下游的V形槽内。
(1-2-3)：如附图8及附图9所示，弯槽为螺旋槽1c，且螺旋槽1c的中轴线与机壳X1的中轴线重合。
通过将弯槽设置为螺旋槽1c，其可沿轴向以及沿周向充分覆盖机壳X1的第一内壁，同样能够达到充分均匀冷却电机X的目的。
(2)对于冷绕组油槽2来说，其开设在机壳X1与端部绕组X3相对的第二内壁上，与端部绕组X3直接相对，以达到充分冷却绕组的目的。针对如何设置冷绕组油槽2，以达到使端部绕组X3的外壁尽可能都能与冷却油直接接触的目的，以下给出示例：
(2-1)，作为一种示例，如附图2所示，本公开实施例在机壳X1两侧的第二内壁顶部分别设置有一个冷绕组油槽2。
本领域可以理解的是，定子X2两端均设置有端部绕组X3，即端部绕组X3设置在机壳X1两侧。
本公开实施例通过在机壳X1两侧的第二内壁顶部分别设置一个冷绕组油槽2，该冷绕组油槽2此时将于端部绕组X3的顶部直接相对，如此，可使冷却油由该冷绕组油槽2直接滴落到端部绕组X3顶壁，并由此向前、后均分成两股流经端部绕组X3的外壁，直至在端部绕组X3的底壁处汇集并滴落至机壳X1第二内壁与端部绕组X3形成的环形空间底部。可见，对冷绕组油槽2进行如上限定，不仅能简化其结构，且能够达到充分且均匀地冷却绕组的目的。
为了使冷却油由冷定子油槽1滴落至端部绕组X3表面上时更加均匀，如附图1、附图8、附图9所示，本公开实施例提供的油冷机构还包括：设置在机壳X1的顶部，且与冷绕组油槽2相对的洒油件5，用于将来自于冷绕组油槽2的冷却油均匀洒施在绕组表面。
可以理解的是，该洒油件5设置有两个，分别设置在机壳X1顶部两侧，分别和两个冷绕组油槽2一一相对。
以下针对该洒油件5的结构给出一种示例：
如附图11所示，该洒油件5包括：弧形本体501、均匀设置在弧形本体501上的多个洒油孔502；
弧形本体501的一端固定在机壳X1顶部，并伸入至机壳X1与绕组形成的环形空间顶部，使弧形本体501的弧顶与冷绕组油槽2相对。
由于端部绕组X3为圆环形，即其上表面呈弧形，所以，本公开实施例通过设置弧形本体501，使其伸入至机壳X1与绕组形成的环形空间顶部，以与端部绕组X3的上表面一一相 对，利于冷却油由其上的洒油孔502中进行均匀洒施。可以理解的是，弧形本体501的弧形凹腔与端部绕组X3相对。
进一步地，弧形本体501的中部与冷绕组油槽2的中部相对；弧形本体501的上表面上设置有多个导流板503，用于使冷却油均匀分配。
通过使弧形本体501的中部与冷绕组油槽2的中部相对，即弧顶本体的弧顶与冷绕组油槽2中部相对，如此设置，当冷却油洒施到弧形本体501上表面上时，能够在其上均匀地向前或者向后分配。
通过在弧形本体501的上表面上设置多个导流板503，以将弧形本体501的上表面平均分隔成多个导流区，进一步利于冷却油的平均分配。
举例来说，该导流板503可以设置成如下：
如附图11所示，沿轴向在弧形本体501的中部设置一个轴向导流板503，以将弧形本体501平均分隔成前、后两个导流区，对于每一个导流区，沿圆周方向设置多个平行相对的导流板503。
上述提及，弧形本体501的一端固定在机壳X1顶部，以使其伸入至机壳X1与绕组形成的环形空间顶部，两者可以通过焊接、铆接、卡接等方式紧固连接。在本公开实施例中，弧形本体501的一端通过连接件可拆卸地固定在机壳X1的顶部，如此不仅可保证紧固性，且便于拆卸。
举例来说，该连接件包括：沿径向向外设置在弧形本体501一端的连接板，该连接板和机壳X1顶部的端面上设置有相对的安装孔，通过使用螺钉件穿过并固定在该安装孔，即可将弧形本体501的一端固定在机壳X1顶部。
上述(2-1)所述的示例提及，针对每一个端部绕组X3分别设置一个冷绕组油槽2。以下就针对每一个端部绕组X3分别设置多个冷绕组油槽2的示例进行阐述：
(2-2)，作为另一种示例，如附图12所示，在机壳X1两侧的第二内壁上部均设置有多个均匀分布的冷绕组油槽2。
通过在在机壳X1两侧的第二内壁上部均匀设置多个冷绕组油槽2，如此，由冷绕组油槽2洒出的冷却油不仅能够均匀洒在端部绕组X3上表面上，而且，使得端部绕组X3具有更多的淋油点，使其冷却面积更大。
可以理解的是，多个冷绕组油槽2沿机壳X1第二内壁的周向方向均匀地间隔设置，其中，至少有一个冷绕组油槽2位于机壳X1第二内壁的顶部，来与轴向过油槽1a1直接连通，其余的冷绕组油槽2均匀分布在第二内壁顶部的前后两侧即可。举例来说，冷绕组油槽2可以设置为3个、5个、7个等。
当采用多个冷绕组油槽2时，可以不采用上述的洒油件5，由于端部绕组X3的冷却是通过冷绕组油槽2流出的冷却油在重力作用下淋到端部绕组X3上进行的，因此在不同油压下，从多个冷绕组油槽2流出的冷却油的降落距离可能不一样，有可能在很大的油压下飞离端部绕组X3的范围。为了避免这个技术问题，本公开实施例可以在冷绕组油槽2的外端设置挡油件。该挡油件可以通过使冷绕组油槽2不延伸至机壳X1第二内壁的端部来实现，此时，位于冷绕组油槽2外端的机壳X1内壁即可作为该挡油件。或者，还可以使冷绕组油槽2延伸至机壳X1第二内壁的端部，此时，在其外端部设置一个向下弯曲的挡油板作为该挡油件。
针对冷定子油槽1结构的不同，该冷绕组油槽2的设置方式相应可以改变，举例来说：
当冷定子油槽1为(1-2-1)中所述的U形槽1b时，如附图6所示，该冷绕组油槽2可以设置成如(2-2)所示的结构，即，在机壳X1两侧的第二内壁上部均匀设置多个冷绕组油槽2，并且，使冷绕组油槽2与位于机壳X1上部的U形槽1b的弧形底部连通即可。
当冷定子油槽1为(1-2-3)中所述的螺旋槽1c时，如附图8所示，该冷绕组油槽2可以设置成如(2-1)所示的结构，此时，在机壳X1两侧的第二内壁顶部两侧分别设置一个冷绕组油槽2，使位于机壳X1两端的冷绕组油槽2与位于机壳X1顶部的螺旋槽1c连通即可。
当冷定子油槽1为(1-2-3)中所述的螺旋槽1c，如附图8所示，此时该冷绕组油槽2可以与进油通道3直接连通。
(3)对于进油通道3来说，其设置机壳X1上部并与冷定子油槽1连通，以使来自电机X外部的冷却油由此进入冷定子油槽1内。以下就进油通道3的结构给出示例说明：
(3-1)作为一种示例，如附图2和附图4所示，该进油通道3包括：轴向通道3a1，设置在机壳X1的顶壁上，且一端延伸至机壳X1的连接端面上；
径向通道3a2，上、下两端分别与轴向通道3a1和冷定子油槽1连通。
通过将该进油通道3设置为顺次连通的轴向通道3a1和径向通道3a2，应用时，电机X外部的冷却油顺次经轴向通道3a1、径向通道3a2进入冷定子油槽1内。其中，通过将轴向通道3a1设置在机壳X1顶壁上，以确保冷却油首先进入位于机壳X1顶部的冷定子油槽1，如此可由定子X2顶部流经底部，提高冷却效果。
通过将轴向通道3a1的一端延伸至机壳X1的连接端面(例如，法兰盘面)上，当电机X与减速器Y联接时，两者通过各自的连接端面连接并紧密接触。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，减速器Y具有内置的油冷机构，此时，冷却油可以在减速器Y的油冷机构和电机X的油冷机构中进行循环，即，该种实施方式下，电机X与减速器Y的油路集成，提高冷却油的利用率。
可以理解的是，轴向通道3a1的另一端与径向通道3a2连通，并且，径向通道3a2可以与冷定子油槽1的中部连通，以使冷却油在冷定子油槽1内平均分配。
基于(1-1)所述的冷定子油槽1的结构，举例来说，如附图2，此时，径向通道3a2可以与冷定子油槽1的轴向过油槽1a1，例如其中部连通。
基于(1-2)所述的冷定子油槽1，举例来说，此时，径向通道3a2可以与弯槽位于机壳X1第一内壁顶部的开口连通。
上述提及，轴向通道3a1设置在机壳X1顶壁上，即，轴向通道3a1设置在机壳X1的顶壁内部或者设置在机壳X1的顶壁的外侧。
即，(3-1-1)：轴向通道3a1设置在机壳X1顶壁内壁时，如附图4所示，可以自机壳X1顶部的连接端面向机壳X1顶壁内部开设一条盲孔即可，该种方式便于操作，且能确保轴向通道3a1的强度。
(3-1-2)：当轴向通道3a1设置在机壳X1顶壁外侧时，可以在机壳X1顶壁外侧沿轴向设置一条一端封闭的管体，此时管体的开口端作为轴向通道3a1的进油口，该种方式便于减小机壳X1的厚度。
(3-1)作为另一种示例，该进油通道3包括：沿径向方向设置在机壳X1顶壁内部的直 流通道；直流通道的上端延伸至机壳X1的顶壁外侧，下端与冷定子油槽1连通。
该种实施方式下，进油通道3的进油口将位于机壳X1顶壁外侧，利于减小进油通道3长度。不过，可以理解的是，此时电机X将不能与减速器Y进行油路集成。
(4)对于出油通道4来说，其设置在机壳X1下部，同时与冷定子油槽1的下部以及机壳X1与端部绕组X3之间的环形空间的下部连通。以下就出油通道4的结构给出示例说明：
(4-1)作为一种示例
如附图4所示，该出油通道4包括：汇油槽4a1，开设在机壳X1的第一内壁底部，且与冷定子油槽1连通；
排油槽4a2，开设在机壳X1的第二内壁底部，且一端延伸至机壳X1的连接端面上，另一端与汇油槽4a1连通。
通过在机壳X1第一内壁的底部设置汇油槽4a1，以便于汇集对定子X2进行冷却后的冷却油，可以理解的是，此时汇油槽4a1与位于机壳X1底部的冷定子油槽1连通。
通过在机壳X1的第二内壁底部设置与汇油槽4a1连通的排油槽4a2，以便于汇集对端部绕组X3进行冷却后的冷却油，同时将来自汇油槽4a1的冷却油一并排出。此外，排油槽4a2的另一端延伸至机壳X1的连接端面上，能够使电机X与减速器Y进行油路集成。
为了便于冷却油顺利从排油槽4a2排出，可以将排油槽4a2的底面设置成向出口处倾斜的倾斜表面。
特别地，针对(1-2-3)中所提及的螺旋槽1c形状的冷定子油槽1，如若在机壳X1第一内壁底部开设汇油槽4a1，可能会有部分冷却油再未对定子X2进行冷却之前就从汇油槽4a1中排出，所以，为了提高冷却油的利用率，以下针对该种情况给出出油通道4的另一种示例：
(4-2)作为另一种示例
如附图8及附图9所示，该出油通道4包括：汇油腔4b1，沿轴向开设在机壳X1的底壁内部，且进口与螺旋槽1c的出口连通；
排油腔4b2，开设在机壳X1的第二内壁底部，且一端与汇油腔4b1的出口连通，另一端延伸至机壳X1的连接端面上。
通过在机壳X1底壁的内部开设汇油腔4b1，其两端分别设置有进口和出口，通过将其进口与螺旋槽1c的出口连通，以汇集对定子X2冷却完毕的冷却油。其中，为了便于汇油腔4b1与螺旋槽1c的出口连通，在两者之间的机壳X1底壁上设置有径向导流腔，其上下两端分别与螺旋槽1c的出口和汇油腔4b1的进口连通。
通过在机壳X1第二内壁底部开设排油腔4b2，实质上是一种槽体，其可直接汇集对端部绕组X3冷却完毕的冷却油，并连同来自排油腔4b2的冷却油排出。
为了提高该电机的适应性，进一步地，如附图6、附图7、以及附图10所示，该电机还包括：固定套装在机壳X1外部的外壳X4；
机壳X1的外壁上开设有水槽6，水槽6与外壳X4配合构成用于循环冷却水的水道。
通过在机壳X1的外壁上设置水槽6，该水槽6与外壳X4的内壁配合构成水套，即可形成用于循环冷却水的水冷机构。可见，本公开实施例提供的电机集成了水冷机构和油冷机构，该水冷机构不仅可用来对油冷机构内的冷却油进行冷却，还可直接带走定子X2与端部绕组X3所散发的热量，进一步提高冷却效果，提高电机X的散热效率。
可以理解的是，外壳X4的结构与机壳X1的结构相适配，两者也可以通过热套方式过盈配合，或者也可以通过焊接方式连接。并且，在开设该水槽6时，也不排除在外壳X4的内壁上开设，使其与机壳X1的外壁配合构成水道的情况。
水槽6的结构可以与冷定子油槽1的结构类似，只要其满足能在机壳X1的外壁上沿轴向方向以及周向方向均匀分布即可。
举例来说，如附图9以及附图10所示，该水槽6可以为螺旋槽，并且，其进水口和出水口均可设置在外壳X4的外壁上，同时，该电机冷却结构的冷定子油槽1也可以设置成螺旋槽1c，并且两者交替布置，如此能够有效增加该油冷机构中水路和油路的换热面积，显著提高冷却效果。
另一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种电机冷却方法，该方法应用于前述所提及的任一类电机，对该电机进行冷却的方法包括：
使冷却油经进油通道3进入冷定子油槽1，并在冷定子油槽1内与定子X2的表面接触，以冷却定子X2；
同时，冷却油还通过进油通道3或者冷定子油槽1进入冷绕组油槽2，并由冷绕组油槽2滴落至端部绕组X3的表面，以冷却端部绕组X3；
进行冷却后的冷却油由出油通道4排出电机的机壳X1。
应用时，不仅仅可以使冷却油通过油冷机构来对定子X2和端部绕组X3进行直接冷却，或者，还可以使用冷却水通过水冷机构来直接带走定子X2与端部绕组X3所散发的热量，或者，同时使冷却油通过油冷机构以及使冷却水通过水冷机构，进一步提高冷却效果，提高电机的散热效率。
进一步地，通过控制冷却油进入进油通道3时的流量以及出油通道4的出口大小，使得冷却完毕的冷却油在机壳X1的内腔底部形成积液；且，积液低于机壳X1底部的定子X2的内环。
通过使冷却完毕的冷却油在机壳X1的内腔底部形成积液，以将端部绕组X3和定子X2的底部浸没在其中，实现充分冷却，进一步提高电机X散热效果。其中，该积液低于机壳X1底部的定子X2的内环，以避免积液的液面接触到定子X2和转子之间的气隙，进而避免对电机X的旋转造成不利影响。其中，积液的液位通过控制冷却油进入进油通道3时的流量以及出油通道4的出口大小来实现。
再一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种动力总成，该动力总成包括：前述所涉及的任一种电机X；与电机X同轴联接的减速器Y；与电机X电性连接的电机控制器Z。同样地，该油冷机构赋予该动力总成同样的优点。
电机控制器(Motor Control Unit，简称MCU)为一种常见的电机X控制部件，其通过功率硬件、单板硬件以及控制软件的主动工作来控制电机X按照设定的方向、速度、角度、转矩和响应时间等进行工作，使得电机X的应用范围更为广泛、输出效率更高、噪音更小等优点。需要说明的是，在相关技术中，电机控制器Z内置有独立的水冷机构，以对其进行散热。
减速器是一种常见的减速传动装置，用来匹配转速和传递转矩。其一般包括：齿轮箱Y1、封闭在齿轮箱Y1内的齿轮传动件Y2。
在本公开实施例中，考虑到可以使电机X与减速器Y的油路集成，对减速器Y的结构进行了如下改进：
如附图13、附图14或者附图15所示，该减速器Y包括：与电机X的机壳X1的连接端面连接的齿轮箱Y1、以及设置在齿轮箱Y1内部的齿轮传动件Y2、过滤器Y3、油泵Y4。
其中，齿轮传动件Y2与电机X同轴联接；
过滤器Y3与油泵Y4的进油口连通，用于过滤齿轮箱Y1底部汇集的冷却油；
齿轮箱Y1、过滤器Y3、油泵Y4配合构成减速器Y的油冷机构。
通过设置过滤器Y3，能够对过滤齿轮箱Y1底部汇集的冷却油进行过滤，通过使其与油泵Y4的进油口连通，以将过滤后的冷却油输送至油泵Y4内；通过使油泵Y4的泵轴与中间轴小齿轮Y23的轮轴连接，以便于将过滤后的冷却油输送至齿轮传动件Y2或者输送至齿轮箱Y1外部。
作为一种示例，如附图13、附图14或者附图15所示，该齿轮传动件Y2可包括：与电机X同轴连接的输入齿轮Y21、与输入齿轮Y21啮合的中间轴大齿轮Y22、与中间轴大齿轮Y22同轴连接的中间轴小齿轮Y23、与中间轴小齿轮Y23啮合的输出轴齿轮Y24。
为了简化该动力总成的结构，同时节省能耗，该油泵Y4可以为机械式油泵Y4，该机械式油泵Y4的泵轴与中间轴小齿轮Y23的轮轴连接。通过使油泵Y4与中间轴小齿轮Y23直接传动连接，使得油泵Y4能够在中间轴小齿轮Y23的带动下进行抽油作业，有效节省了油耗。此外，相比电动油泵Y4，采用该机械式油泵Y4还避免了使用油泵Y4电机X以及用于控制油泵Y4电机X的控制器等附属设备，有效简化了该动力总成的结构。
需要说明的是，齿轮箱Y1、过滤器Y3、油泵Y4配合构成减速器Y的油冷机构，在对齿轮传动件Y2，特别是各个齿轮的啮合部位进行冷却时，通过油泵Y4向齿轮传动件Y2中泵送冷却油机壳X1实现对它们润滑冷却，以对该减速器Y进行散热。
基于本公开实施例提供的电机X中设置有油冷机构，并且，还可以同时设置有水冷机构，为了便于描述，可以将电机X内部设置的水冷机构称作内部换热器，基于此，该动力总成可以对电机X、减速器Y、电机控制器Z进行油路和水路集成，实现其充分换热，以下分别给出几种示例：
(一)、提供一种减速器-电机的油路集成，内部换热器-电机控制器的水路集成的动力总成：
如附图13所示，该种实施方式下，
减速器Y的油冷机构、电机X的油冷机构配合构成油路循环；
冷却水源、电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构、电机X的水冷机构配合构成水路循环。
其中，电机X的水冷机构可以理解为设置在电机X内部的内部换热器。
该油路循环和水路循环可以通过下述的连接关系来实现：
如附图13所示，该齿轮箱Y1与机壳X1的连接端面连接的端面设置有第一进油口和第一出油口；
第一出油口与电机X的进油通道3的进口连通；
第一进油口与电机X的出油通道4的出口连通。
冷却水源与电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构的进口连通；
电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构的出口与电机X的水冷机构的水道进口连通；
电机X的水冷机构的水道出口与冷却水源连通。
以下就该动力总成的冷却原理进行阐述：
对于油路循环来说，冷却油通过电机X的油冷机构对定子X2和端部绕组X3进行冷却散热后，由出油通道4排至减速器Y的齿轮箱Y1底部与其内的冷却油积液混合，随后，经过滤器Y3进行过滤，过滤后的冷却油通过油泵Y4送入减速器Y的齿轮传动件Y2中对齿轮啮合部位进行润滑和冷却，实现减速器Y的冷却散热。在此过程中，一部分冷却油将在重力作用下滴落至齿轮箱Y1底部形成积液，另一部分冷却油将由油泵Y4通过第一出油口直接送入电机X的进油通道3内，通过电机X的油冷机构对电机X的定子X2和端部绕组X3进行冷却散热，冷却完毕的冷却油汇集在电机X的机壳X1底部，形成积液，使得机壳X1底部的定子X2和端部绕组X3一直沉浸在积液中，进一步加强电机X的散热效果。最终，电机X机壳X1底部的冷却油积液流入齿轮箱Y1底部，并与此处的冷却油积液混合，开始新的一轮油路循环。
对于水路循环来说，来自冷却水源的冷却水首先进入电机控制器Z的水冷机构，在对电机控制器Z完成冷却之后，该冷却水进入电机X的水道中。由于该冷却水在电机X的机壳X1与外壳X4之间的水道中流动，不仅能够直接对定子X2和端部绕组X3进行散热，还能够对电机X油冷机构中的冷却油进行换热冷却，充分提高电机X的散热效果。随后，对电机X冷却完毕的冷却水从水道的出口排至冷却水源进行降温，随后再次进入电机控制器Z的水冷机构，开始新一轮的水路循环。
(二)、提供一种减速器-油水换热器-电机的油路集成，油水换热器-电机控制器的水路集成的动力总成：
如附图14所示，该动力总成还包括：独立于减速器Y和电机X外部的油水换热器W；
电机X的油冷机构、减速器Y的油冷机构、油水换热器W的过油通道配合构成油路循环；
冷却水源、油水换热器W的过水通道、电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构、电机X的水道配合构成水路循环。
该油路循环和水路循环可以通过下述的连接关系来实现：
如附图14所示，齿轮箱Y1与机壳X1的连接端面连接的端面设置有第一进油口和第一出油口，齿轮箱Y1的顶部设置有第二进油口和第二出油口；
第一出油口与电机X的进油通道3的进口连通；
第一进油口与电机X的出油通道4的出口连通；
第二出油口与油水换热器W的过油通道的进口连通，油水换热器W的过油通道的出口与第二进油口连通；
冷却水源与油水换热器W的过水通道的进口连通，油水换热器W的过水通道的出口与电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构的进口连通；
电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构的出口与冷却水源连通。
以下就该动力总成的冷却原理进行阐述：
对于油路循环来说，冷却油通过电机X的油冷机构对定子X2和端部绕组X3进行冷却散热后，由出油通道4排至减速器Y的齿轮箱Y1底部与其内的冷却油积液混合，随后，经过滤器Y3进行过滤，过滤后的冷却油通过油泵Y4送入油水换热器W的过油通道内。在油水换热器W中，过油通道中的冷却油与过水通道内的冷却水进行换热降温。降温之后的冷却油再返送入齿轮箱Y1内，并在其内分为两部分：一部分在齿轮箱Y1内对各齿轮传动件Y2进行润滑和冷却，之后冷却油滴落在齿轮箱Y1底部形成积液；另一部分冷却油将由油泵Y4直接送入电机X油冷机构中，以对电机X的定子X2和端部绕组X3进行冷却，冷却完毕的冷却油汇集在电机X的机壳X1底部，形成积液，使得机壳X1底部的定子X2和端部绕组X3一直沉浸在积液中，进一步加强电机X的散热效果。最终，电机X机壳X1底部的冷却油积液流入齿轮箱Y1底部，并与此处的冷却油积液混合，开始新的一轮油路循环。
对于水路循环来说，来自冷却水源的冷却水首先进入油水换热器W的过水通道内，以对过油通道内的冷却油进行冷却，随后，被送往电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构中，对电机控制器Z进行冷却，最终由电机控制器Z的水冷机构的出口排至冷却水源进行降温，随后再次进入油水换热器W的过水通道内，开始新一轮的水路循环。
(三)、提供一种减速器-油水换热器-电机的油路集成，油水换热器-电机控制器-电机的水路集成的动力总成：
如附图15所示，所示，该动力总成还包括：
独立于减速器Y和电机X外部的油水换热器W；
电机X的油冷机构、减速器Y的油冷机构、油水换热器W的过油通道配合构成油路循环；
冷却水源、油水换热器W的过水通道、电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构、电机X的水冷机构配合构成水路循环。
该油路循环和水路循环可以通过下述的连接关系来实现：
如附图15所示，齿轮箱Y1与机壳X1的连接端面连接的端面设置有第一进油口和第一出油口，齿轮箱Y1的顶部设置有第二进油口和第二出油口；
第一出油口与电机X的进油通道3的进口连通；
第一进油口与电机X的出油通道4的出口连通；
第二出油口与油水换热器W的过油通道的进口连通，油水换热器W的过油通道的出口与第二进油口连通；
冷却水源与油水换热器W的过水通道的进口连通，油水换热器W的过水通道的出口与电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构的进口连通；
电机控制器Z内置的水冷机构的出口与电机X的水冷机构的水道进口连通；
电机X的水冷机构的水道出口与冷却水源连通与冷却水源连通。
以下就该动力总成的冷却原理进行阐述：
对于油路循环来说，冷却油通过电机X的油冷机构对定子X2和端部绕组X3进行冷却散热后，由出油通道4排至减速器Y的齿轮箱Y1底部与其内的冷却油积液混合，随后，经过滤器Y3进行过滤，过滤后的冷却油通过油泵Y4送入油水换热器W的过油通道内。在油水换热器W中，过油通道中的冷却油与过水通道内的冷却水进行换热降温。降温之后的冷却 油再返送入齿轮箱Y1内，并在其内分为两部分：一部分在齿轮箱Y1内对各齿轮传动件Y2进行润滑和冷却，之后冷却油滴落在齿轮箱Y1底部形成积液；另一部分冷却油将由油泵Y4直接送入电机X油冷机构中，以对电机X的定子X2和端部绕组X3进行冷却，冷却完毕的冷却油汇集在电机X的机壳X1底部，形成积液，使得机壳X1底部的定子X2和端部绕组X3一直沉浸在积液中，进一步加强电机X的散热效果。最终，电机X机壳X1底部的冷却油积液流入齿轮箱Y1底部，并与此处的冷却油积液混合，开始新的一轮油路循环。
对于水路循环来说，来自冷却水源的冷却水流入首先进入油水换热器W的过水通道中，以对过油通道内的冷却油进行第一次冷却，随后，被送往电机控制器Z的水冷机构中，对电机控制器Z进行冷却。随后进入电机X的水道中。冷却水在电机X机壳X1与外壳X4之间的水道内部流动，一方面可用来对电机X的油冷机构中的冷却油进行第二次冷却，另一方面可以直接带走定子X2和端部绕组X3所散发出来的热量，加强油路的冷却散热效果。最终，冷却水由电机X的水道出口排至冷却水源进行降温，随后再次进入油水换热器W的过水通道内，开始新一轮的水路循环。
综上可知，本公开实施例提供的动力总成，根据动力总成的实际散热需求，可选择使用内部换热器和外部的油水换热器W中的任一种或者两者同时使用。
当使用其中任一种时，例如在不使用油水换热器W时，油路成本得以显著降低，并且，油路的接口得以减少，进而显著简化该动力总成的结构，提高其可靠性。
当两者同时使用时，能够显著提高油路的散热效率，具有更好的冷却效果。
再一方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种动力设备，其包括前述涉及的任一种动力总成。
为了充分利用动力总成中循环的冷却水，本公开实施例提供的动力设备还包括：独立于减速器Y、电机X、油水换热器W外部的散热部件M；
该散热部件M内置有水冷机构，在对动力设备进行冷却时，使散热部件M的水冷机构参与水路循环。
通过动力设备的其他散热设备参与上述的水冷循环，充分对冷却水进行了利用。其中，该散热部件M集成包括但不限于：电池、计算机、直流变换器等需要散热的部件。
以上述(一)、(二)、(三)所述的动力总成分别举例来说明散热部件M使如何参与上述水路循环的。
对于(一)所述的动力总成来说，如附图13所示，来自冷却水源的冷却水经散热部件M的水冷机构后，进入电机控制器Z的水冷机构参与上述的水路循环，最终，对电机X冷却完毕的冷却水从水道的出口排至散热部件M的水冷机构，并由此排至冷却水源进行降温，开始新一轮的水路循环。
对于(二)所述的动力总成来说，如附图14所示，来自冷却水源的冷却水经散热部件M的水冷机构后，进入油水换热器W的过水通道参与上述的水路循环，最终由电机控制器Z的水冷机构的出口排至散热部件M的水冷机构，并由此排至冷却水源进行降温，开始新一轮的水路循环。
对于(三)所述的动力总成来说，如附图15所示，来自冷却水源的冷却水经散热部件M的水冷机构后，进入油水换热器W的过水通道参与上述的水路循环，最终，对电机X冷却完毕的冷却水从水道的出口排至散热部件M的水冷机构，并由此排至冷却水源进行降温，开 始新一轮的水路循环。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，上述的动力设备包括但不限于：电动汽车、电动摩托车、电动船、或者电动飞行器。
举例来说，该动力设备可以为电动汽车，相应地，上述的散热部件M可以为车载充电机、电池、直流变换器等。
以上所述仅为本公开的说明性示例，并不用以限制本公开的保护范围，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (34)

  1. 一种电机，包括电机主体，其特征在于，所述电机还包括油冷机构，所述油冷机构包括：开设在机壳(X1)与定子(X2)相对的第一内壁上的冷定子油槽(1)；
    开设在所述机壳(X1)与端部绕组(X3)相对的第二内壁上部的冷绕组油槽(2)；
    设置在所述机壳(X1)上部的进油通道(3)；
    设置在所述机壳(X1)下部的出油通道(4)；
    所述冷定子油槽(1)与所述进油通道(3)连通；
    所述冷绕组油槽(2)与所述冷定子油槽(1)或者所述进油通道(3)连通；
    所述出油通道(4)与所述冷定子油槽(1)连通，且，所述出油通道(4)还与所述机壳(X1)和所述端部绕组(X3)之间的环形空间连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述冷定子油槽(1)包括：沿轴向开设在所述机壳(X1)的第一内壁顶部的轴向过油槽(1a1)；
    沿圆周方向开设在所述机壳(X1)的第一内壁上的至少一个周向导油槽(1a2)；
    所述周向导油槽(1a2)的顶部与所述轴向过油槽(1a1)连通，底部与所述出油通道(4)连通；
    所述轴向过油槽(1a1)同时与所述冷绕组油槽(2)和所述进油通道(3)连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于，所述冷定子油槽(1)还包括：沿轴向开设在所述机壳(X1)的第一内壁上的至少一个轴向导油槽(1a3)；
    至少一个所述轴向导油槽(1a3)与至少一个所述周向导油槽(1a2)彼此交叉连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述冷定子油槽(1)为：进口与所述进油通道(3)连通，出口与所述出油通道(4)连通的弯槽；
    所述弯槽沿所述机壳(X1)的第一内壁的轴向和周向均匀分布。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于，所述弯槽包括：多个首尾顺次连通的U形槽(1b)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于，所述U形槽(1b)的中轴线与所述机壳(X1)的中轴线平行。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于，所述弯槽包括：多个首尾顺次连通的V形槽。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于，所述V形槽的中轴线与所述机壳(X1)的中轴线平行。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于，所述弯槽为螺旋槽(1c)；
    所述螺旋槽(1c)的中轴线与所述机壳(X1)的中轴线重合。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，在所述机壳(X1)两侧的第二内壁顶部分别设置有一个所述冷绕组油槽(2)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电机，其特征在于，所述油冷机构还包括：设置在所述机壳(X1)顶部，且与所述冷绕组油槽(2)相对的洒油件(5)，用于将来自于所述冷绕组油槽(2)的冷却油均匀洒施在所述端部绕组(X3)表面。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电机，其特征在于，所述洒油件(5)包括：弧形本体(501)、均匀设置在所述弧形本体(501)上的多个洒油孔(502)；
    所述弧形本体(501)的一端固定在所述机壳(X1)顶部，并伸入至所述机壳(X1)与所述端部绕组(X3)形成的环形空间顶部，使弧顶与所述冷绕组油槽(2)相对。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电机，其特征在于，所述弧形本体(501)的中部与所述冷绕组油槽(2)的中部相对；
    所述弧形本体(501)的上表面上设置有多个导流板(503)，用于使所述冷却油均匀分配。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电机，其特征在于，所述弧形本体(501)的一端通过连接件可拆卸地固定在所述机壳(X1)的顶部。
  15. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，在所述机壳(X1)两侧的第二内壁上部均设置有多个均匀分布的所述冷绕组油槽(2)。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述进油通道(3)包括：轴向通道(3a1)，设置在所述机壳(X1)的顶壁上，且一端延伸至所述机壳(X1)的连接端面上；
    径向通道(3a2)，上、下两端分别与所述轴向通道(3a1)和所述冷定子油槽(1)连通。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电机，其特征在于，所述轴向通道(3a1)设置在所述机壳(X1)的顶壁内部或者设置在所述机壳(X1)的顶壁外侧。
  18. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述进油通道(3)包括：沿径向方向设置在所述机壳(X1)顶壁内部的直流通道；
    所述直流通道的上端延伸至所述机壳(X1)的顶壁外侧，下端与所述冷定子油槽(1)连通。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述出油通道(4)包括：汇 油槽(4a1)，开设在所述机壳(X1)的第一内壁底部，且与所述冷定子油槽(1)连通；
    排油槽(4a2)，开设在所述机壳(X1)的第二内壁底部，且一端延伸至所述机壳(X1)的连接端面上，另一端与所述汇油槽(4a1)连通。
  20. 根据权利要求9所述的电机，其特征在于，所述出油通道(4)包括：汇油腔(4b1)，沿轴向开设在所述机壳(X1)的底壁内部，且进口与所述螺旋槽(1c)的出口连通；
    排油腔(4b2)，开设在所述机壳(X1)的第二内壁底部，且一端与所述汇油腔(4b1)的出口连通，另一端延伸至机壳(X1)的连接端面上。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机还包括水冷机构，所述水冷机构包括：固定套装在所述机壳(X1)外部的外壳(X4)；
    开设于所述机壳(X1)的外壁上的水槽(6)，所述水槽(6)与所述外壳(X4)内壁配合构成用于循环冷却水的水道。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电机，其特征在于，所述水槽(6)为螺旋槽。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电机，其特征在于，所述冷定子油槽(1)为与所述水槽(6)交替分布的螺旋槽(1c)。
  24. 一种电机冷却方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于权利要求1-23任一项所述的电机，对所述电机进行冷却的方法包括：
    使冷却油经进油通道(3)进入冷定子油槽(1)，并在所述冷定子油槽(1)内与定子(X2)的表面接触，以冷却所述定子(X2)；
    同时，所述冷却油还通过所述进油通道(3)或者所述冷定子油槽(1)进入冷绕组油槽(2)，并由所述冷绕组油槽(2)滴落至端部绕组(X3)的表面，以冷却所述端部绕组(X3)；
    进行所述冷却后的冷却油由出油通道(4)排出所述电机的机壳(X1)。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，通过控制冷却油进入所述进油通道(3)时的流量以及所述出油通道(4)的出口大小，使得冷却完毕的冷却油在所述机壳(X1)底部形成积液；
    所述积液低于所述机壳(X1)底部的定子(X2)的内环。
  26. 一种动力总成，其特征在于，所述动力总成包括：权利要求1-23任一项所述的电机(X)；
    与所述电机(X)同轴联接的减速器(Y)；
    与所述电机(X)电性连接的电机控制器(Z)。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述减速器(Y)包括：与所述电机(X)的机壳(X1)的连接端面连接的齿轮箱(Y1)、以及设置在所述齿轮箱(Y1)内部 的齿轮传动件(Y2)、过滤器(Y3)、油泵(Y4)；
    所述齿轮传动件(Y2)与所述电机(X)同轴联接；
    所述过滤器(Y3)与所述油泵(Y4)的进油口连通，用于过滤所述齿轮箱(Y1)底部汇集的冷却油；
    所述齿轮箱(Y1)、所述过滤器(Y3)、所述油泵(Y4)配合构成所述减速器(Y)的油冷机构。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述齿轮传动件(Y2)包括：与所述电机(X)的同轴连接的输入轴齿轮(Y21)、与所述输入轴齿轮(Y21)啮合的中间轴大齿轮(Y22)、与所述中间轴大齿轮(Y22)同轴连接的中间轴小齿轮(Y23)、与所述中间轴小齿轮(Y23)啮合的输出轴齿轮(Y24)。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述油泵(Y4)为机械式油泵；
    所述油泵(Y4)的泵轴与所述中间轴小齿轮(Y23)的轮轴连接。
  30. 根据权利要求27-29任一项所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述减速器(Y)的油冷机构、所述电机(X)的油冷机构配合构成油路循环；
    冷却水源、所述电机控制器(Z)内置的水冷机构、所述电机(X)的水冷机构配合构成水路循环。
  31. 根据权利要求27-29任一项所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述动力总成还包括：独立于所述减速器(Y)和所述电机(X)外部的油水换热器(W)；
    所述电机(X)的油冷机构、所述减速器(Y)的油冷机构、所述油水换热器(W)的过油通道配合构成油路循环；
    冷却水源、所述油水换热器(W)的过水通道、所述电机控制器(Z)内置的水冷机构配合构成水路循环。
  32. 根据权利要求27-29任一项所述的动力总成，其特征在于，所述动力总成还包括：独立于所述减速器(Y)和所述电机(X)外部的油水换热器(W)；
    所述电机(X)的油冷机构、所述减速器(Y)的油冷机构、所述油水换热器(W)的过油通道配合构成油路循环；
    冷却水源、所述油水换热器(W)的过水通道、所述电机控制器(Z)内置的水冷机构、所述电机(X)的水冷机构配合构成水路循环。
  33. 一种动力设备，其特征在于，所述动力设备包括权利要求27-32任一项所述的动力总成。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的动力设备，其特征在于，所述动力设备还包括：独立于所述减速器(Y)、所述电机(X)、所述油水换热器(W)外部的散热部件(M)；
    所述散热部件(M)内置有水冷机构；
    在对所述动力设备进行冷却时，使所述散热部件(M)的水冷机构参与所述水路循环。
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US11637463B1 (en) 2022-10-16 2023-04-25 RH Motor Industry, LLC Double rotor brushless direct-current motor with fluid cooling
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US20240250582A1 (en) * 2023-01-19 2024-07-25 Gkn Automotive Limited Electric drive assembly with cooling
DE102023101253A1 (de) * 2023-01-19 2024-07-25 Gkn Automotive Limited Elektroantriebsanordnung mit Kühlung
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FR3152680A1 (fr) * 2023-08-29 2025-03-07 New H Powertrain Holding Système de refroidissement pour moteur électrique.
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