WO2019096132A1 - 一种水化氢化镁的能源系统 - Google Patents

一种水化氢化镁的能源系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019096132A1
WO2019096132A1 PCT/CN2018/115260 CN2018115260W WO2019096132A1 WO 2019096132 A1 WO2019096132 A1 WO 2019096132A1 CN 2018115260 W CN2018115260 W CN 2018115260W WO 2019096132 A1 WO2019096132 A1 WO 2019096132A1
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Prior art keywords
hydrogen
heat
magnesium
heat exchanger
magnesium hydride
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PCT/CN2018/115260
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾鹏
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Shanghai Kelaipu Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Kelaipu Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Shanghai Kelaipu Energy Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Kelaipu Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP18879847.4A priority Critical patent/EP3678245A4/en
Priority to JP2020544097A priority patent/JP6974623B2/ja
Priority to US16/755,538 priority patent/US11929530B2/en
Priority to AU2018369153A priority patent/AU2018369153B2/en
Publication of WO2019096132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019096132A1/zh
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy, and particularly relates to an energy system of magnesium hydride.
  • the storage and transportation of hydrogen has high-pressure gas cylinder storage and transportation, liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, solvent storage and transportation, metal hydride storage and transportation, etc., each of which has advantages and disadvantages.
  • Metal hydride hydrogen storage compared with other storage and transportation methods, has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, safe storage and transportation, how to further increase the hydrogen storage density of metal hydrides, and realize the practical application of metal hydrides cost-effectively. It is one of the directions that need to be broken through in the field of hydrogen energy.
  • Magnesium metal is an important hydrogen storage material in the field of metal hydrogen storage. It has high hydrogen storage capacity, hydrogen content of 7.6% (mass fraction), low price, abundant resources, good hydrogen absorption and desorption platform, and no pollution.
  • magnesium hydride is a strong reducing agent that can react directly with water to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide and release a large amount of heat. The large amount of heat released by these reactions can be utilized for outward output.
  • the invention relates to an energy system for hydration of magnesium hydride, fully utilizing the function of releasing magnesium and hydrogen fuel cells to generate electric power, improving the utilization rate of hydrogen energy, reducing and avoiding greenhouse gas emissions, protecting the natural environment and creating an ecological civilization. .
  • the technical scheme of the invention is: an energy system for hydrating magnesium hydride, comprising a magnesium hydride storage tank, a Kelaipu unit and a storage battery, the storage battery is connected with a Kelaipu unit circuit, the magnesium hydride storage tank is provided with a heat medium inlet, a heat conduction medium outlet, and an extraction outlet. , hydrogen outlet and water inlet.
  • the system is equipped with hydrogen buffering and temperature regulating tank, metering equipment, molecular sieve filter, hydrogen fuel cell, air inlet, exhaust gas purifier, net gas discharge port, water tank, water pump, flow meter and air purifier, hydrogen fuel cell design.
  • the air inlet is connected to the air inlet through an air purifier, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the clean air outlet through the exhaust gas purifier.
  • the water outlet is connected to the water tank, and the water outlet of the molecular sieve filter is connected to the water tank, and the water tank is connected with the hydrating water and the regulating water nozzle.
  • the water tank is connected to the water inlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank through a water pump and a flow meter.
  • the water inlet line is provided with a filtering membrane, and the filtering membrane is an ion exchange membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane.
  • the hydrogen outlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell through a molecular sieve filter, a hydrogen buffer and a temperature regulating tank and metering equipment.
  • the heat transfer medium outlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank is divided into three ways, one way is connected to the molecular sieve filter jacket inlet through the heat conduction medium pipeline, one way is connected to the Kelaipu unit through the heat conduction medium pipeline, and one way is connected to the battery insulation sleeve through the heat conduction medium pipeline
  • the jacket outlet of the molecular sieve filter is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank
  • the outlet of the Kelaipu unit is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank
  • the outlet of the battery insulation sleeve is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell is replaced by a hydrogen piston type internal combustion engine or a hydrogen gas turbine.
  • a hydrogen piston type internal combustion engine or a hydrogen gas turbine When pure oxygen is used as the combustion gas, the water discharged from the exhaust gas outlet of the hydrogen piston type internal combustion engine or the hydrogen gas turbine and the hydrogen-containing tail gas enter the magnesium hydride storage tank through the water tank and the filter membrane.
  • the magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydride storage tank is replaced by metal magnesium, and the magnesium hydride or magnesium metal in the magnesium hydride storage tank is hydrated to become magnesium hydroxide or heated into a magnesia by heating in a tank, or a mixture of the two. Then, after removal from the magnesium hydride storage tank, saturated magnesium hydride or magnesium metal is added.
  • the magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydride storage tank does not react with water, directly releases hydrogen by heating to become metallic magnesium, and the metallic magnesium is removed from the magnesium hydride storage tank, and then saturated magnesium hydride is added.
  • a metal capable of combining with hydrogen to form a metal hydride or/and a metal capable of reacting with water to evolve hydrogen gas is suitable for use in such a method, and a mixture of any of the above metals or the above metals in combination with other substances is also suitable for this method. .
  • the magnesium hydride storage tank is composed of an inner wall and an outer wall of the tank body, and a heat exchange interlayer is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, and a water spray pipe is arranged inside the tank body, and an outer layer of the outer wall of the tank is provided with a heat insulating layer.
  • One end of the tank is provided with a pressure sensor, an explosion-proof valve, a hydrogen outlet, a water inlet and a temperature sensor, and the additional suction outlet is located at the other end of the tank, and the outlet is provided with a shut-off valve with a code lock
  • the tank body is made of metal material, non- Metal material or a combination of the two.
  • the system is provided with a magnesium hydride replacement device, and the magnesium hydride replacement device comprises a separation tank, a magnesium hydroxide storage tank, a residual hydrogen absorption unit, a vacuum tank, a protective gas compressor, a high pressure protective gas tank, a magnesium hydride storage tank, a feeder, and an extraction.
  • Meter adding meter, filling gun drive mechanism and filling gun.
  • the filling gun drive mechanism is provided with an outer tube, an inner tube, a sealing ring, a filter net and a locking flange.
  • the outer tube is connected to the protective gas line
  • the inner tube is connected to the additive-pumping common line.
  • the filling gun drive mechanism is coupled to the filling gun, and the filling gun is sealedly connected to the addition outlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank through the locking flange.
  • the filling gun is provided with a shielding gas inlet and a feed-discharge port, and the feeding-discharging port is connected to the separating tank through an additive-pumping common line and an extraction line, and the solid outlet of the separation tank is connected to the separation meter through the extraction meter
  • the magnesium hydroxide storage tank, the gas outlet of the separation tank is connected to the vacuum tank through a residual hydrogen absorption unit, and the vacuum tank is connected to the high pressure protection gas tank through a check valve and a shielding gas compressor.
  • the high-pressure protection gas cylinder outlet is divided into two ways, one is connected to the feeder, and the other is connected through the protective gas pipeline to the protective gas inlet of the filling gun.
  • the magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to the feed-discharge port of the filling gun through a feeder, an addition meter, an addition line, and an add-pump common line.
  • the magnesium hydroxide in the magnesium hydroxide storage tank is transported to the regeneration unit, the magnesium hydroxide is converted into magnesium hydride, and then transported back to use, and the peak-regulated electric power of the clean energy is used for electrolytic regeneration and hydrogenation regeneration of the magnesium metal.
  • the energy system of hydrated magnesium hydride should be applied to mobile equipment, transportation equipment, fixed equipment, household equipment, kitchen stoves, power generation equipment, clothing footwear, power equipment or construction equipment. The size of the structure is enlarged or reduced depending on the application scenario.
  • the system uses gravity conveying, mechanical conveying, pneumatic conveying, vacuum conveying, hydraulic conveying, electromagnetic conveying or a combination thereof, replacing magnesium hydride and magnesium hydroxide, or replacing magnesium hydride and magnesium oxide, or replacing magnesium hydride and hydrogen a mixture of magnesium oxide-magnesia, or replace magnesium and magnesium hydroxide, or replace magnesium and magnesium oxide, or replace a mixture of magnesium and magnesium hydroxide-magnesia, or replace magnesium hydride and magnesium metal, or replace Combined with hydrogen to form a metal hydride or/and a hydroxide or/and an oxide of a metal capable of reacting with water to evolve hydrogen or a mixture of the metal with other materials and a mixture of the metal and other materials.
  • the energy system is installed in a car, which has an energy release unit, a hub motor, a manual console, a central controller and a motor drive unit.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the motor drive unit circuit through the power output cable
  • the manual control console is connected to the motor drive unit circuit through the central controller
  • the hub motor and the battery are connected to the motor drive unit circuit.
  • the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell of the energy release unit and the electric power generated by the Kelaipu unit are stored by the cable to the motor drive unit or the battery for storage according to the actual operating conditions of the automobile, and the motor drive unit drives the vehicle to travel.
  • the electricity recovered by the hub motor during braking or deceleration during driving is stored in the battery as supplementary power.
  • the heat transfer medium of the magnesium hydride storage tank is nitrogen, heat transfer oil, carbon dioxide or heat stable substance.
  • the heat transfer medium outlet is connected to the Kelaipu unit all the way, and the molecular sieve filter jacket inlet is connected all the way, and the battery insulation jacket inlet is connected all the way to make the battery work in winter. There is also a way to connect the car air conditioning system for winter heating.
  • the system includes a mobile phone and an external filling device.
  • the mobile phone includes a hydrogen fuel cell, a super-energy battery box and a combination lock.
  • the external filling device is provided with a water adding pin, a hydride replacement pin, an automatic positioning clamping device, a miniature magnesium hydride replacement system, Water addition/extraction system, low temperature hydrogen absorber and intelligent management system.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell is provided with an air inlet, a net gas discharge port and an ultra-ampere battery box interface module, and the hydrogen fuel cell is connected with the ultra-an battery box interface module.
  • the ultra-an electric battery box is provided with a hydrogen control module, a magnesium hydride module and a water control module.
  • the ultra-an battery compartment interface module is connected to the hydrogen control module through a hydrogen interface, and is connected to the water control module through a water interface.
  • the water control module has a water jack
  • the magnesium hydride module has a hydride replacement jack
  • the water control module is connected to the water adding pin through a water jack
  • the magnesium hydride module is connected to the hydride replacement pin through a hydride replacement jack.
  • the mobile phone battery is set in the mobile phone, and the mobile phone battery is arranged in parallel or in series with the fuel cell.
  • the water between the water control module and the magnesium hydride module enters the magnesium hydride module, and the water reacts with the magnesium hydride to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide.
  • Hydrogen enters the hydrogen fuel cell through the hydrogen interface, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen control module through the membrane between the magnesium hydride module and the hydrogen control module.
  • the membrane has unidirectionality, and only allows hydrogen to enter the hydrogen control module from the magnesium hydride module, or the membrane uses a micro single In place of a valve, hydrogen in a hydrogen fuel cell reacts with air entering through an air intake to generate water and generate electrical energy for use in a cell phone. The generated water enters the water control module via the water interface.
  • the magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydride module is completely converted to magnesium hydroxide, it is replaced by inserting the mobile phone into an external filling device.
  • the mobile phone is first inserted into the external filling device, and the automatic positioning clamping device automatically clamps the mobile phone, and the mobile phone recognizes the pin.
  • the password of the pin and the jack match, the password lock on the mobile phone is recognized. Saturated magnesium hydride was added when the magnesium hydroxide was exhausted.
  • the mobile phone battery can also use external power storage.
  • the micro magnesium hydride replacement system of the mobile phone external filling device has the same structure and principle as the magnesium hydride replacement device, and is manufactured by miniaturization of various components.
  • the normal temperature range of the magnesium hydride module is -40 to 100 °C.
  • the Kelaipu unit includes an expander, a generator, a hydrogen heat compression unit, and an intermediate reheater.
  • the expander outlet is connected to the expander inlet through a hydrogen heat compression device, the expander is coupled to the generator shaft, and the generator is coupled to an external power system circuit.
  • the hydrogen heat compression device may adopt a multi-stage cascade utilization mode, and each step may be composed of a plurality of reaction beds, wherein the reaction bed is loaded with a metal hydrogen storage material, including but not limited to a rare earth metal hydride; and the low pressure hydrogen is supplied by a low pressure hydrogen gas.
  • the low-pressure hydrogen is absorbed by the hydrogen storage material to form a metal hydride, and the high-pressure hydrogen is released by heating the metal hydride after hydrogen absorption.
  • the operation mode of each reaction bed adopts the internal metal hydride direct extraction mode, or the indirect heat exchange mode.
  • the metal hydride in the reaction bed is mainly rare earth or other substances, so that the hydrogen inside the Kelaipu unit circulates through the heat conduction medium. The heat brought in by the pipeline is heated and boosted, and then enters the expander to perform work, which drives the generator to generate electricity.
  • the Kelaipu unit is a composite Kelaipu unit, and the composite Kelaipu unit includes a 1-stage heat exchanger, a 2-stage heat exchanger, a 3-stage heat exchanger, a 4-stage heat exchanger, a 5-stage heat exchanger, a No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group, No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group, No. 3 hydrogen reaction bed group, expander, compression expansion combined cycle device, heat transfer medium circulation inlet pipe and heat transfer medium circulation outlet pipe.
  • the compression and expansion combined cycle device is provided with a working fluid compressor, a working fluid expander, a heat exchanger No. 6 and a heat exchanger No. 7 , and the expander, the working medium compressor and the working medium expander are coaxially connected, or different axes connection.
  • the working fluid compressor and the working fluid expander are sequentially connected with the heat exchanger No. 7 and the heat exchanger No. 6, and the heat exchanger No. 7 radiates heat to the external environment or dissipates heat to the cooling water.
  • the heat transfer medium circulation inlet pipe is connected to the heat medium circulation inlet of the first-stage heat exchanger, and the first-stage heat exchanger sequentially passes through the second-stage heat exchanger, the 3-stage heat exchanger, the 4-stage heat exchanger and the 5-stage heat exchanger.
  • the heat transfer medium is circulated through the outlet line.
  • the first-stage heat exchanger is connected to the No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group
  • the second-stage heat exchanger is connected to the No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group
  • the third-stage heat exchanger is connected to the No.
  • the expander and the fourth-stage The heat exchanger is cyclically connected, the 5-stage heat exchanger is connected to the No. 6 heat exchanger, and the No. 6 heat exchanger is connected to the No. 7 heat exchanger.
  • the No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group, the No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group and the No. 3 hydrogen reaction bed group are cyclically connected with the expander, the expander is connected with the No. 6 heat exchanger, and the No. 6 heat exchanger is connected to the working medium compressor inlet.
  • the outlet of the working fluid expander is connected to the heat exchanger No. 7.
  • the No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group is cyclically connected with the No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group, the No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group is connected with the No.
  • the exhaust gas of 600 ° C of the piston type internal combustion engine or the gas turbine is used to generate electricity.
  • the exhaust heat of 600 ° C is sequentially connected to the No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group, the No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group and the No. 3 hydrogen reaction bed group through a heat transfer medium heat flow line. Then, the heat of 35 ° C or more in the exhaust gas is fully utilized by the compression expansion combined cycle device.
  • the expander is divided into more than one set of blades, each of which can be more than one stage, allowing at least one tap of each set of blades to exchange heat with the last stage heat exchanger.
  • the low-temperature residual heat between -50 and 100 °C is used to continue power generation.
  • the low temperature residual heat above the selected temperature comes from three parts. One is that the entire piston internal combustion engine or the gas turbine and the exhaust system are fully insulated to collect all the heat. The second is the heat dissipation of the hydrogen reaction bed and expander in the Kelaipu unit. The third is the final stage. The hydrogen absorption exothermic of the hydrogen reaction bed group. After the heat exchanger of No. 6 carries the above three parts of heat into and heats the working medium to not lower than the selected temperature, after the heated working medium is heated and pressurized by the working medium compressor, the power of the working medium compressor comes from the expander.
  • the whole or part of the power of the expander is used to drive the working fluid compressor, and then the work is performed by the working fluid expander.
  • the outlet temperature of the working fluid expander is higher than or equal to the selected temperature, and the pressure is higher than or equal to 0.1 MPa, and then the working medium is Enter the No. 7 heat exchanger to dissipate heat to the external environment or dissipate heat to the cooling water.
  • the temperature drops to no higher than the ambient temperature or the cooling water temperature, and then enters the No. 6 heat exchanger to perform work.
  • the working medium is carbon dioxide or other organic compounds.
  • the selected part utilizes the power of the expander to drive the working compressor, and the other part of the expander is output in the form of shaft work.
  • the energy dissipating unit and the energy dissipating unit are used alone or together for fixing equipment, mobile equipment, transportation equipment or household equipment.
  • the replacement device is placed in a fixed location or mounted on a mobile device.
  • the second method is to replace the used magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydride storage tank and replace it with saturated magnesium hydride.
  • the method of replacing magnesium hydride storage tanks is also suitable for use in fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen fueled power plants or fixtures or mobile or household equipment that carry magnesium hydride.
  • the magnesium hydride storage tank can be replaced by a fixed or mobile filling platform.
  • the magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydride storage tank can also be replaced by metallic magnesium.
  • inorganic or organic substances or mixtures thereof suitable for the circulating antifreeze system are added to the water tank, a certain concentration of antifreeze aqueous solution is formed in the water tank, and a filter film is arranged at the outlet of the water tank to make these inorganic substances or
  • the organics or their mixtures are always kept in the water tank, and the soft water passing through the membrane enters the magnesium hydride storage tank, thereby preventing the winter system from freezing and freezing. If there is excess hydrogen in the pipe between the water tank and the magnesium hydride storage tank, it is also ensured that hydrogen passes through the filter membrane and enters the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • the ion adsorbers are connected in sequence.
  • the energy system is applied to the power system of the footwear, the temperature regulation system of the clothes, and the charging life of the electric vehicle during the operation or stop of the electric vehicle, depending on the battery needs to be slowly charged or fast charged.
  • the magnesium hydride logistics of the energy system adopts an intelligent networked operation mode, and at the same time provides logistics and distribution of goods for users of transportation equipment when replacing magnesium hydride.
  • the energy system is equipped with a composite Kelaipu unit, including a hydrogen reaction bed, a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, a final heat exchanger, an expander, a compression and expansion combined cycle unit, a 60 ° C power plant exhaust steam line, and 60 °C hot water line.
  • the compression expansion combined cycle device is provided with a working fluid compressor, a working fluid expander, a heat exchanger No. 6 and a heat exchanger No. 7, a joint of an expander, a working fluid compressor and a working fluid expander.
  • the 60 ° C power plant steam line is connected to the 60 ° C hot water line through the primary heat exchanger, the secondary heat exchanger and the final heat exchanger.
  • the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen reaction bed is connected to the inlet of the expander, and the outlet of the expander is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen reaction bed.
  • the primary heat exchanger is cyclically connected with the hydrogen reaction bed
  • the secondary heat exchanger is cyclically connected with the middle section of the expander
  • the final heat exchanger is cyclically connected with the heat exchanger No. 6
  • the hydrogen reaction bed is cyclically connected with the heat exchanger No. 6
  • the No. 6 heat exchanger is connected to the working compressor inlet
  • the working fluid expander outlet is connected to the No. 7 heat exchanger
  • the No. 6 heat exchanger is connected to the No. 7 heat exchanger
  • the No. 7 heat exchanger is radiated to the external environment or Cooling in cooling water.
  • the spent steam of the power plant passes through the primary heat exchanger, and the condensed tropics are heated into the hydrogen reaction bed to generate pressurized hydrogen with temperature and pressure to enter the expander for work.
  • the low temperature hydrogen in the work process is reheated by the secondary heat exchanger. Do the function, the low temperature and low pressure hydrogen after the work, enter the hydrogen reaction bed and absorb hydrogen.
  • the low-temperature residual heat between -50 and 100 °C is used to continue power generation, and all the heat above the selected temperature in the exhaust gas is utilized.
  • the metal hydride in the hydrogen heat compression device of the Kelaipu unit carries heat directly under the hydrogen discharge pressure through the heat transfer medium fluid, and directly enters the hydrogen reaction bed, the heat transfer medium fluid is gas, liquid, and the gas is hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen.
  • the reducing or inert gas of carbon dioxide, argon, helium or neon allows the use of the supercritical state of the above gas, which is a heat conducting oil or a high molecular organic solvent.
  • the heat transfer medium fluid is first pressurized to a hydrogen release pressure, and then heated to a hydrogen release temperature by a heat transfer medium circulation line, and then directly pumped into a hydrogen heat compression device to heat the metal hydride and Providing heat to make the metal hydride realize rapid temperature rise and high pressure hydrogen release.
  • the hydrogen outlet of the metal hydride in each hydrogen reaction bed is provided with a high temperature resistant high pressure filtration membrane, allowing only hydrogen to flow out, and the heat transfer medium fluid passes through the bypass and the heat conduction.
  • the medium circulation pipeline is connected cyclically, and can also enter the hydrogen release process of the next-stage hydrogen heat compression equipment; when the metal hydride needs to be cooled and low-pressure hydrogen absorption, the heat transfer medium fluid is first pressurized to the hydrogen absorption pressure, and then the hydrogen gas is directly pumped.
  • the heat compression device cools the metal hydride to the hydrogen release temperature while removing the exothermic heat in the hydrogen absorption process, and the heat is transferred to the upper hydrogen reaction bed group or the hydrogen reaction bed or the heat medium circulation tube in the same stage to hydrogenate the metal.
  • the material achieves rapid cooling and low pressure hydrogen absorption.
  • Hydrogen heat compression equipment can also be heated by resistance heating, induction heating, electromagnetic heating, arc heating, and radiant heating. The same applies to the composite Kelly unit.
  • the energy system of the hydrated magnesium hydride of the invention is based on the principle that magnesium hydride reacts with water to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide and generates a large amount of heat, and the generated hydrogen is used for hydrogen fuel cell power generation, and different temperatures can be recovered by the Kelaipu unit and the composite Kelaipu unit.
  • the waste heat is used for power generation, the efficiency is high, the hydrogen energy is effectively utilized, the energy loss is less in the whole process, the pollutant emissions are less, the utilization rate of hydrogen energy is increased, the greenhouse gas emission is reduced and avoided, and the natural environment is protected.
  • the present invention can be used in fixed equipment, mobile equipment, and transportation equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an energy system of magnesium hydride hydride according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a magnesium hydride storage tank
  • Figure 3 is a diagram A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy system flow of magnesium hydrate with a magnesium hydride replacement device
  • Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a Kelaipu unit
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the connection of the adding suction port and the filling gun
  • Figure 9 is a partial detail view of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a composite Kolaipu unit
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the connection of a composite Kelaipu unit and a gas turbine
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a second type of Kelaipu unit.
  • 1 hydrogen buffer and temperature adjustment tank
  • 2 molecular sieve filter
  • 3 hydrogen output pipeline
  • 4 heat transfer oil pipeline
  • 6 battery
  • 7 net gas discharge port
  • 8 electric output Cable
  • 9-hydrogen fuel cell 10-air inlet, 11-air purifier, 12-water tank, 13-pump, 14-flowmeter
  • 15-magnesium hydride storage tank 16-heat-conducting medium inlet, 17-heat conduction Medium outlet
  • 18 adding pumping outlet
  • 19 filling gun
  • 20 separating tank
  • 21 magnesium hydroxide storage tank
  • 22 hydrogen absorption unit
  • 23 vacuumuum tank
  • 25 protecting gas Compressor
  • 26-high pressure protection gas tank 27-protective gas pipeline, 28-extraction pipeline, 29-addition pipeline
  • 30-exhaust solenoid valve 31-explosion-proof valve
  • 32-temperature sensor 33-hydrogen outlet
  • 34 insulation layer
  • 35 35 - pressure sensor
  • the energy system of the hydrated magnesium hydride of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and includes a magnesium hydride storage tank 15, a Kelaipu unit 5, a battery 6, a hydrogen buffering and temperature regulating tank 1, a molecular sieve filter 2, a hydrogen fuel cell 9, and an air intake.
  • Port 10 exhaust gas purifier 48, clean gas discharge port 7, water tank 12, water pump 13, flow meter 14 and air purifier 11, battery connected to Kelaipu unit circuit, hydrogen fuel cell with power output cable 8, air inlet, hydrogen Entrance, water outlet and exhaust gas outlet.
  • the air intake port is connected to the air inlet through the air cleaner 11, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the clean air discharge port through the exhaust gas purifier.
  • the magnesium hydride storage tank 15 is composed of an inner wall and an outer wall of the tank body 38, and a heat exchange interlayer 37 is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, and a water spray pipe 36 is provided inside the tank body, and the outer portion of the tank body is provided.
  • An insulating layer 34 is provided.
  • the magnesium hydride storage tank is provided with a heat transfer medium inlet 16, a heat transfer medium outlet 17, an addition discharge port 18, a hydrogen outlet 33, a water inlet 47, a pressure sensor 35, an explosion-proof valve 31, and a temperature sensor 32.
  • a hydrogen outlet, a water inlet, a pressure sensor 35, an explosion-proof valve 31, and a temperature sensor 32 are located at the end of the can body.
  • the addition extraction port 18 is located at the other end of the can body, and the addition extraction port is provided with a stop valve 39 with a combination lock.
  • the water outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the water tank, and the water outlet of the molecular sieve filter is connected to the water tank, and the water tank is connected with the hydration and regulating water inlet 70.
  • the water tank is connected to the water inlet 47 of the magnesium hydride storage tank through a water pump, a flow meter and a filter membrane 96.
  • the hydrogen outlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell through a molecular sieve filter, a hydrogen buffering and temperature regulating tank 1 and a metering device 69. Hydrogen inlet.
  • the heat transfer medium outlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank is divided into three ways, one way is connected to the jacket inlet of the molecular sieve filter through the heat transfer oil line 4, one way is connected to the Kelaipu unit through the heat transfer oil line 4, and one way is connected to the battery insulation through the heat transfer oil line 4.
  • the jacket outlet of the molecular sieve filter, the Kelaipu unit outlet and the battery insulation jacket are connected to the heat transfer medium inlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • the Kelaipu unit includes an expander 64, a generator 65, a hydrogen heat compression device 67, and an intermediate reheater 68.
  • the expander outlet is connected to the expander inlet through a hydrogen heat compression device, and the expander is connected to the generator shaft.
  • the generator is connected to an external power system circuit.
  • the hydrogen heat compression device 67 can employ a multi-stage cascade utilization mode, and each step can be composed of a plurality of reaction beds, wherein the reaction bed is loaded with a metal hydrogen storage material, including but not limited to a rare earth metal hydride;
  • the inlet enters the reaction bed, and the low pressure hydrogen is absorbed by the hydrogen storage material to form a metal hydride, and the high temperature hydrogen is released by heating the metal hydride after the hydrogen absorption is completed.
  • the operation mode of each reaction bed can be either the internal metal hydride direct extraction mode or the indirect heat exchange mode.
  • the metal hydride in the reaction bed is mainly rare earth, so that the hydrogen inside the Kolapu unit is circulated through the heat transfer medium.
  • the heat brought in by the pipeline 66 is heated and pressurized, and then enters the expander 64 to perform work, which drives the generator 65 to generate electricity.
  • the solid line in Figure 7 is the low temperature heat flow line, and the dashed line is the internal hydrogen circulation line of the Kolapu unit.
  • the energy system of the hydrated magnesium hydride of the present invention operates by spraying water through a water spray pipe 36 inside the tank, and the water reacts with magnesium hydride to form hydrogen gas and magnesium hydroxide, and generates a large amount of heat.
  • the water in the water tank 12 enters the magnesium hydride storage tank 15 filled with magnesium hydride through the water pump 13 and the flow meter 14, and is sprayed into the magnesium hydride in the tank through the water spray pipe 36 inside the tank, and the magnesium hydride reacts with water to form hydrogen hydroxide.
  • Magnesium and hydrogen and emit a lot of heat.
  • Hydrogen enters the molecular sieve filter 2 through the hydrogen output line 3 to filter out moisture and other protective gases, such as nitrogen, and then enters the hydrogen buffer and the temperature regulating tank 1 for storage.
  • the two molecular sieve filters are alternately filtered and alternately operated by valves.
  • the heat released by the reaction of magnesium hydride with water is transferred to the heat transfer oil in the heat exchange interlayer 37.
  • the heat transfer oil carrying the heat is divided into three paths through the heat transfer medium outlet 17, and the heat transfer oil line 4 enters the Kelaipu unit 5 through the heat transfer oil line 4, and generates electricity by using the Kelaipu unit.
  • the electricity is stored in the battery, and the other way enters the interlayer of the molecular sieve filter 2 via the heat transfer oil line 4 to provide heat for the regeneration of the molecular sieve filter.
  • the regeneration temperature is 105 ° C.
  • the filtered and regenerated water enters the water tank 12, and the protective gas is vented to nitrogen.
  • the third way enters the thermal insulation sleeve of the battery 6 via the heat-conducting oil pipeline 4, and the battery is insulated during the outdoor winter, so that the battery is always at a suitable temperature.
  • the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffering and temperature regulating tank passes through the metering device 69 to the hydrogen fuel cell, and the air entering from the air inlet 10 is purified by the air purifier and then enters the hydrogen fuel cell.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen and air react to generate water and generate electric energy, and the generated electric energy is input to the electric equipment or integrated into the electric grid via the electric power output cable 8, and the battery can be charged by inputting the battery into the battery 6 through a suitable device.
  • the battery realizes the load peaking function, and the generated water is discharged to the water tank 12 as the reaction water of the magnesium hydride storage tank through the water, and the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell process includes the remaining air discharged through the exhaust gas outlet and the exhaust gas purifier 48 to the clean gas discharge port 7.
  • the water tank 12 is provided with water supply and regulating water outlet, and can be discharged or replenished from the outside.
  • the exhaust gas purifier 48 is to remove nitrogen oxides and ozone brought in the air, and the nitrogen gas discharged from the clean gas discharge port 7 is less than 5 micrograms per cubic meter of ozone, and the ozone is less than 50 micrograms per standard cubic meter. Carbon monoxide is less than 100 micrograms per cubic meter, VOC is less than 100 micrograms per cubic meter, and particulate matter is less than 50 micrograms per cubic meter.
  • the pollutants brought in from the ambient atmosphere are effectively removed and lowered to a lower level.
  • Air purification function The heat transfer oil medium carrying heat can be replaced by an inert medium such as nitrogen.
  • the operating temperature of the magnesium hydride storage tank does not exceed 150 ° C, and the pressure is not higher than 0.2 MPa.
  • the hydrogen gas entering the hydrogen fuel cell from the hydrogen buffering and temperature regulating tank 1 was 80 ° C and the pressure was 0.18 MPa.
  • the pressure sensor 35, the hydrogen flow meter 69, the power output cable 8 and the signal fed back from the battery 6, the combined five control is realized, the data packet is set, and the system is stably operated normally by controlling the amount of water added, thereby generating a stable flow that meets the requirements.
  • the hydrogen gas ensures that no excess water enters the magnesium hydride storage tank and meets the electrical demand of the electrical output cable 8.
  • the magnesium hydride storage tank is charged with a metal hydrogen-containing hydrogen storage material having a hydrogen content of 7.5% of the total weight of the magnesium hydride added. If the reaction is complete after adding water, about 15% of the total weight of hydrogen hydride is added, and a large amount of heat is released.
  • the heat transfer oil heat exchange medium in the jacket of the magnesium hydride storage tank 15 carries the heat from the heat transfer oil outlet 17.
  • the residual heat enters the Kelaipu unit for waste heat power generation, and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of the heat transfer hydrogen reaction bed group enters the Kelaipu unit does not exceed 150 °C.
  • the hydrogen pressure generated by 67 in the Kelaipu unit is 20 MPa and enters the expander 64 to perform work, which drives the generator 65 to generate electricity, and the generated electric energy is stored in the battery 6.
  • the magnesium hydride storage tank 15 is made of a metal material that is tightly sealed and completely isolated from the outside.
  • the magnesium hydride filling gun adds the saturated magnesium hydride to the magnesium hydride storage tank through a stop valve with a combination lock, and closes the shut-off valve with the combination lock.
  • the metal hydride mainly changes.
  • the dried magnesium hydroxide is opened, and the shut-off valve with a code lock is opened, the magnesium hydroxide is extracted by a filling gun, and then the saturated magnesium hydride is added to the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell is a proton membrane fuel cell with an operating temperature of 30-80 ° C and a direct current output.
  • the hydrogen release amount is calculated online by the hydrogen flow meter 69, and the remaining hydrogen release amount in the magnesium hydride storage tank can be obtained in real time, and each device information and each sensor signal enter the ECU unit for unified control.
  • the sodium chloride is added to the water tank, and a 3% anti-freezing sodium chloride aqueous solution is formed in the water tank, and a filter membrane is arranged at the outlet of the water tank so that the sodium chloride is always retained in the water tank, and the soft water passing through the membrane enters the magnesium hydride storage.
  • the tank prevents the winter system from freezing and freezing. If there is excess hydrogen in the pipe between the water tank and the magnesium hydride storage tank, it is also ensured that hydrogen passes through the filter membrane and enters the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • the air purifier 11 effectively purifies the air entering the hydrogen fuel cell to meet the needs of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the purified air particles are less than 500 micrograms per cubic meter.
  • the system is provided with a magnesium hydride replacement device and a release unit 40.
  • the magnesium hydride replacement device includes a separation tank 20, a magnesium hydroxide storage tank 21, a residual hydrogen absorption unit 22, and a vacuum tank 23.
  • the filling gun 19 is coupled to the filling gun driving mechanism.
  • the filling gun driving mechanism is provided with an outer tube 76, an inner tube 77, a sealing ring 78, a filter net 79, and a locking flange 80.
  • the outer tube is connected to the shielding gas line 27, the inner tube is connected to the pumping-adding common line 71, and the additional suction port 18 of the magnesium hydride storage tank 15 is provided with a stop valve 39 with a combination lock, a filling gun and an adding suction port 18 Seal the connection by locking the flange.
  • There are two high-pressure protection gas tanks two high-pressure protection gas tanks work alternately, and a bypass is provided between the high-pressure protection gas tank and the vacuum tank.
  • the energy dissipating unit is the energy system of magnesium hydride hydride in the embodiment 1, including two magnesium hydride storage tanks 15, a Kelaipu unit 5, a battery 6, a hydrogen buffering and temperature regulating tank 1, a molecular sieve filter 2, and a hydrogen fuel cell. 9. Air intake port 10, exhaust gas purifier 48, clean gas discharge port 7, water tank 12, water pump 13, flow meter 14 and air purifier 11, the external pipes of the two magnesium hydride storage tanks are arranged in the same manner, and are carried out through valves Switching, two magnesium hydride storage tanks alternately discharge hydrogen and replace materials. The battery is connected to the Kelaipu unit circuit, and the magnesium hydride storage tank 15 is two, and the two magnesium hydride storage tanks are alternately operated.
  • the filling gun is provided with a shielding gas inlet and a feed-discharge port, and the feeding-discharging port is connected to the separation tank 20 through a pumping-adding common line 71 and an extraction line 28, and the solid outlet of the separating tank is metered by extraction
  • the meter 72 is connected to a magnesium hydroxide storage tank to accurately meter the extracted magnesium hydroxide.
  • the gas outlet of the separation tank is connected to the vacuum tank through a residual hydrogen absorption unit, and the vacuum tank is connected to the high pressure protection gas tank through a check valve 24 and a shielding gas compressor.
  • the high pressure protective gas cylinder outlet is divided into two paths, one connected to the feeder 46, and one connected through the protective gas line 27 to the shielding gas inlet of the filling gun.
  • the magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to the feed-discharge port of the filling gun through a feeder, a magnesium hydride meter 73, an addition line 29 and a draw-addition common line 71 to accurately meter the saturated magnesium hydride.
  • the connection relationship and operation mode of the energy release unit are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the system can also adopt gravity transportation, mechanical transportation, pneumatic conveying, vacuum conveying, hydraulic conveying, electromagnetic conveying and other methods or a combination thereof.
  • the tank is opened by a combination lock to send magnesium hydroxide in the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • magnesium hydride is added, and the can is closed to seal, thereby reliably implementing any method of material replacement of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • the filling gun can be freely telescoped into and out of the magnesium hydride storage tank to achieve the addition of magnesium hydride and the extraction of magnesium hydroxide.
  • the shielding gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other inert gas, allowing the operation to be carried out under pressure, and the supercritical state of using the above gas is not excluded.
  • the magnesium hydride replacement device is connected to the addition extraction port 18 of the magnesium hydride storage tank of the material to be replaced by the filling gun 19, and the replacement operation is performed.
  • the process is that the 1 filling gun is aligned with the filling port, and the coded lock for adding the suction port 18 is opened.
  • the shut-off valve 39 sends a code lock through the control center, and the locking flange of the filling gun is locked with the flange of the filling port.
  • the gas magnesium is used to extract the magnesium hydroxide in the magnesium hydride storage tank from the magnesium hydride storage tank, and the gas is separated by the extraction line 28 to the separation tank 20, and the separated solid enters the magnesium hydroxide storage tank 21,
  • the protective gas (nitrogen) exits from the top of the separation tank through the residual hydrogen absorption unit 22 to the vacuum tank 23, and then passes through the check valve 24 and the shield gas compressor 25 to the high pressure protective gas tank 26.
  • the nitrogen in the high pressure protective gas cylinder 26 provides the power required for pneumatic delivery for extraction and addition.
  • the magnesium hydroxide in the magnesium hydroxide storage tank 21 is transported to the regeneration unit, the magnesium hydroxide is converted into magnesium hydride, and then transported back to use.
  • the regeneration can be carried out by the peak-regulating power of the clean energy source for electrolytic regeneration and hydrogenation of the magnesium metal. . 3
  • the saturated magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydride storage tank 45 is supplied to the filling gun via the feeder 46 and the adding line 29, and is supplied by the nitrogen gas in the high pressure protective gas tank 26.
  • the pneumatic conveying power is filled with a saturated magnesium hydride material to the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • the shut-off valve 39 with the combination lock is closed, the filling gun is taken out, and then the replacement timing of the two magnesium hydride storage tanks is determined according to the hydrogen release condition of the magnesium hydride in the running magnesium hydride storage tank 15.
  • the operation process of the energy release unit is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention is installed in an automobile for an energy system, including an energy dissipating unit, a hub motor 41, a manual console 42, a central controller 43, and a motor drive unit 44, and the energy dissipating unit includes Magnesium hydride storage tank 15, Kelaipu unit 5, hydrogen buffering and temperature regulating tank 1, molecular sieve filter 2, hydrogen fuel cell 9, air inlet 10, water tank 12, water pump 13, flow meter 14, clean gas discharge port 7 and Air purifier 11.
  • the battery is connected to the Kelaipu unit circuit, and the magnesium hydride storage tank 15 is one.
  • the heat transfer medium outlet 17 of the magnesium hydride storage tank is connected all the way to the heat transfer medium inlet 16 via the vehicle air conditioner 97.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the motor drive unit circuit through the power output cable 8, and the Kelaipu unit is connected to the battery circuit, and the battery is connected to the motor drive unit circuit.
  • the manual console is connected to the motor drive unit circuit through a central controller, and the hub motor 41 is electrically connected to the motor drive unit.
  • the working process of the vehicle with the energy system is: the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 9 of the energy dissipating unit 40 and the electric power generated by the Kolapu unit are stored by the cable to the motor driving unit 44 or the battery 6 according to the actual operating conditions of the automobile for electric storage, the motor The drive unit drives the car.
  • the electric power recovered by the hub motor 41 during braking or deceleration during driving is stored in the battery as supplementary power.
  • the heat transfer medium of the magnesium hydride storage tank is nitrogen, the heat transfer medium outlet is connected to the Kelaipu unit all the way, the molecular sieve filter jacket inlet is connected all the way, and the battery insulation sleeve inlet is connected all the way, so that the battery can work at a suitable temperature in winter, and All the way to the car air conditioning system for winter heating.
  • the automobile is an electric vehicle and is divided into two energy allocation design schemes. When the power of the battery is greater than the power of the fuel cell, the battery is the main power, the fuel battery is the supplementary power and the battery is used for charging, and the two are matched or separated by the battery.
  • the fuel cell's energy-releasing unit can be miniaturized, the battery of the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle can be charged by the charging plug, and the fuel cell's energy-releasing unit can be moved outside the vehicle to release energy.
  • the fuel in the unit is replaced.
  • the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle can be slowly charged, and in extreme cases, the fast charging is allowed, so that the weight and quantity of the battery of the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle are greatly reduced, and the battery of the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle is made. Life expectancy has increased significantly.
  • the other is that the power of the battery is less than the power of the fuel cell, the fuel cell is the main power, and the battery is the supplementary power.
  • the two are matched or the fuel cell mainly supplies the vehicle to consume energy, and the battery provides the starting and acceleration energy for the automobile.
  • the battery of the automobile is provided with a heat insulating sleeve, and the heat source of the heat insulating sleeve is the heat generated during the hydration process of the magnesium hydride storage tank.
  • a fourth embodiment of the present invention is an application of an energy system for hydrazine hydride on a mobile phone, including a cell phone 57 and an external filling device 56.
  • the mobile phone 57 includes a hydrogen fuel cell 9, a mobile phone battery 98 and a super-an battery box 52.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell is provided with an air inlet 10, a clean air discharge port 7 and a super-an battery box interface module 54, a hydrogen fuel cell and a super-an battery.
  • the box interface module 54 is connected.
  • the ultra-an electric battery box is provided with a hydrogen control module 51, a magnesium hydride module 63 and a water control module 49.
  • the super-an battery box interface module is connected to the hydrogen control module 51 through the hydrogen interface 60, and is connected to the water control module through the water interface 61.
  • the water control module is provided with a water jack 50
  • the magnesium hydride module is provided with a hydride replacement jack 55
  • the external filling device is provided with a water adding pin 53 and a hydride replacement pin 62
  • the water control module passes the water jack 50 and water Add a pin connection and the magnesium hydride module is connected to the hydride replacement pin via a hydride replacement socket.
  • the external filling device 56 is provided with an automatic positioning clamping device 59, a micro magnesium hydride replacement system, a water addition/extraction system, a low temperature hydrogen absorber, and an intelligent management system.
  • the structure and principle of the micro magnesium hydride replacement system is as in Figure 4 of Example 1.
  • the password lock is set on the mobile phone, and the corresponding password is set on the water adding pin 53 and the hydride replacement pin 62.
  • the mobile phone recognizes the password on the two pins, and when the password matches, the password lock is turned on to perform hydrogenation.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell 9 and the ultra-ampere battery case 52 may be of a unitary type or a split type, and may be solidified on the mobile phone as a whole or as a detachable member.
  • the mobile phone of the energy system with hydrated magnesium hydride works on the principle that the water between the water control module and the magnesium hydride module in the water control module 49 enters the magnesium hydride module 63, and the water reacts with the magnesium hydride to form hydrogen and hydroxide.
  • magnesium. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen fuel cell through the hydrogen interface 60, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen control module 51 through the membrane between the magnesium hydride module and the hydrogen control module, and the membrane has unidirectionality, and only allows hydrogen to enter the hydrogen control module from the magnesium hydride module, and the membrane can also Instead of a microvalve, the microvalve is also a one-way valve.
  • Hydrogen in the hydrogen fuel cell reacts with the air entering through the air inlet 10 to generate water, and generates electrical energy for use in the mobile phone.
  • the generated water enters the water control module 49 via the water interface 61.
  • the magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydride module 63 is completely converted to magnesium hydroxide, it is replaced by inserting the mobile phone into the external filling device 56.
  • the mobile phone is first inserted into the external filling device 56, and the automatic positioning clamping device 59 automatically clamps the mobile phone, and the mobile phone recognizes the pin.
  • the password lock 58 on the mobile phone completes the identification. .
  • Saturated magnesium hydride was added when the magnesium hydroxide was exhausted.
  • the specific extraction process is as follows: first, the magnesium hydroxide in the magnesium hydride module 63 is discharged to the external filling device through the hydride replacement pin 62, and the saturated magnesium hydride is supplemented to the magnesium hydride module 63 through the hydride replacement pin 62.
  • the water control module 49 is replenished with water or the excess water in the water control module 49 is extracted by the water addition pin 53.
  • the low temperature hydrogen absorber disposed in the external filling device 56 absorbs a trace amount of hydrogen accompanying the magnesium hydroxide during the absorption process.
  • the magnesium hydroxide in the external filling device 56 is periodically replaced at the business service outlet to discharge the magnesium hydroxide, followed by the addition of saturated magnesium hydride.
  • the mobile phone battery can be set in the mobile phone, and the mobile phone battery and the fuel battery are arranged in parallel. According to the power consumption, the power supply and demand are adjusted through intelligent control, and the mobile phone battery is preferentially charged when the normal use of the mobile phone is satisfied.
  • Mobile phone batteries can be large or small according to actual needs, and mobile phone batteries can also use external power storage.
  • the micro magnesium hydride replacement system of the mobile phone external filling device 56 has the same structure and principle as the magnesium hydride replacement device of the second embodiment, and is manufactured by miniaturization of each component structure.
  • the normal use temperature of the magnesium hydride module 63 generally does not exceed 50 ° C, and the standby time 7 days under normal use.
  • the Kelaipu unit can also be used for high temperature waste heat recovery, such as piston engines or gas turbines, and its structural form is adjusted accordingly to become a composite Kolapu unit.
  • the composite Kelapu unit includes a 1-stage heat exchanger 81, a 2-stage heat exchanger 82, a 3-stage heat exchanger 83, a 4-stage heat exchanger 84, a 5-stage heat exchanger 85, and a compression expansion combined cycle.
  • the compression expansion combined cycle device is provided with a working fluid compressor 86, a working fluid expander 88, a heat exchanger No. 63, and a heat exchanger 102 of No. 7.
  • the expander 92, the working fluid compressor 86 and the working fluid expander 88 are coaxially connected.
  • the heat transfer medium circulation inlet line 94 is connected to the heating medium heat transfer medium circulation inlet of the first stage heat exchanger 81, and the first stage heat exchanger 81 sequentially passes through the second stage heat exchanger 82, the third stage heat exchanger 83, and the fourth stage heat exchanger.
  • the 84 and 5 stage heat exchangers 85 are connected to a heat transfer medium circulation outlet line 95.
  • the first-stage heat exchanger 81 is cyclically connected to the No.
  • the exhaust gas of 600 ° C of the piston type internal combustion engine or the gas turbine is used to generate electricity.
  • the exhaust heat of 600 °C is connected to the No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group 89, No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group 90 and No. 3 hydrogen reaction bed group 91 through the heat transfer medium heat flow line, and the high temperature waste heat is used to generate electricity, and the mechanical efficiency reaches the residual heat of the exhaust gas.
  • the compression expansion combined circulation device 87 the low-temperature residual heat portion of the exhaust gas is used to continue the work of power generation, and the heat of 35 ° C or more in the exhaust gas is fully utilized, and the mechanical efficiency can reach about 15% of the residual heat of the exhaust gas.
  • the low temperature residual heat above 35 °C comes from three parts.
  • the entire piston internal combustion engine or gas turbine and exhaust system are fully insulated to collect all the heat.
  • the second is the heat dissipation of the hydrogen reaction bed and expander in the Kelaipu device.
  • the third is the No. 3 hydrogen reaction.
  • the hydrogen absorption of the bed group at 60 ° C.
  • the exhaust gas at 600 °C passes through the first-stage heat exchanger, and the heat is brought into and heated to the No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group, and the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas of 500 ° C and 35 MPa is generated to enter the expander 92 for work, and the low pressure of 350 ° C and 2 MPa after work is completed. Hydrogen enters the No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group for hydrogen absorption and exotherm.
  • the 510 °C exhaust gas at the outlet of the first-stage heat exchanger passes through the 2-stage heat exchanger, and the heat is brought into and heated to the No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group. At the same time, the heat released by the hydrogen absorption bed of the No. 1 hydrogen reaction bed group is also collected and transferred.
  • high-pressure hydrogen gas of 350 ° C and 35 MPa is generated to enter the expander 92 for work, and the low-pressure hydrogen gas of 200 ° C and 2 MPa after the work is completed, and the hydrogen absorption heat of the No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group is entered.
  • the 350 °C exhaust gas at the outlet of the 2nd stage heat exchanger passes through the 3rd stage heat exchanger, and the heat is brought into and heated to the No. 3 hydrogen reaction bed group, and the heat released by the hydrogen absorption bed of the No. 2 hydrogen reaction bed group is also collected and remitted.
  • high-pressure hydrogen gas of 200 ° C and 35 MPa is generated to enter the expander 92 for work, and the low-pressure hydrogen gas of 60 ° C and 2 MPa after work is performed, and the hydrogen absorption heat release of the No. 3 hydrogen reaction bed group is entered.
  • the expander 92 is divided into three groups of blades, each of which can be multi-stage, each group has the same inlet and outlet pressure and different temperatures, and each group of blades is allowed to have multi-stage taps and heat exchangers of the fourth-stage heat exchanger 84 to improve work. effectiveness.
  • the low-temperature residual heat portion of 35 ° C or higher is used to continue power generation, and all the heat of 35 ° C or more in the exhaust gas is utilized.
  • the low temperature residual heat above 35 °C comes from three parts. One is that the entire piston internal combustion engine or the gas turbine and the exhaust system are fully insulated to collect all the heat.
  • the second is the heat dissipation of the hydrogen reaction bed and the expander 92 in the Kelaipu device.
  • the third is hydrogen No. 3. The hydrogen absorption exotherm at 60 ° C in the reaction bed group. After the heat exchanger No.
  • the heated working medium is compressed by the working fluid compressor 86 to 220 ° C, 2 MPa, the power of the working medium compressor 86 From the expander 92, the entire power of the expander 92 is used to drive the working fluid compressor 86, and then work by the working fluid expander 88.
  • the outlet temperature of the working fluid expander 88 is 35 ° C, the pressure is 0.1 MPa, and then the working medium enters 7
  • the heat exchanger 102 dissipates heat to the external environment or dissipates heat to the cooling water, and the temperature is lowered to not higher than 20 ° C, and then enters the heat exchanger No. 63 and circulates work.
  • the working medium is carbon dioxide or other organic compounds. It is also possible to select the part of the working fluid compressor 86 that is driven by the power of the expander 92 according to the difference of the working medium and the ambient temperature. As long as the heat of a certain temperature or more can be used for the work, the other part of the expander 92 is powered. Output in the form of shaft work.
  • a sixth embodiment of the present invention is a second combined Kelaipu unit comprising a hydrogen reaction bed 103, a primary heat exchanger 104, a secondary heat exchanger 105, a final heat exchanger 106, and an expander.
  • Compressive expansion combined cycle device 87 60 ° C power plant steam pipe and 60 ° C hot water pipe.
  • the compression expansion combined cycle device is provided with a working fluid compressor 86, a working fluid expander 88, a heat exchanger No. 63 and a heat exchanger 102 of No. 7, and an expander, a working fluid compressor and a working fluid expander shaft are connected.
  • the 60 ° C power plant steam pipeline is connected to the 60 ° C hot water pipeline through the primary heat exchanger, the secondary heat exchanger and the final heat exchanger, and the 60 ° C hot water pipeline is connected to the power plant boiler.
  • the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen reaction bed is connected to the inlet of the expander, and the outlet of the expander is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen reaction bed.
  • the primary heat exchanger is cyclically connected with the hydrogen reaction bed
  • the secondary heat exchanger is cyclically connected with the middle section of the expander
  • the final heat exchanger is cyclically connected with the heat exchanger No. 6
  • the hydrogen reaction bed is cyclically connected with the heat exchanger No. 6
  • the working compressor inlet is connected to the No. 7 heat exchanger
  • the No. 6 heat exchanger is connected to the No. 7 heat exchanger
  • the No. 7 heat exchanger 102 is radiated to the external environment or Dissipate heat to the cooling water.
  • the Kelaipu unit can also be used for low-temperature waste heat recovery, such as the 60 °C power consumption of steam in the power plant, and its structural form is adjusted accordingly to become a composite Kolapu unit.
  • the power generation of the steam condensing heat of 60 ° C in the power plant is utilized.
  • the 60 ° C spent steam condensation heat is connected to the hydrogen reaction bed 103 through the heat transfer medium heat flow line of the primary heat exchanger 104, and the power generation efficiency is about 15% by the condensing heat generation, and the steam is returned to the power plant at 60 ° C after condensation.
  • the low-temperature residual heat portion of the spent steam condensed water is used to continue power generation, and the heat of 35° C. or higher in the working medium is fully utilized, and the utilization efficiency can reach about 32%.
  • the low temperature residual heat above 35 °C comes from three parts. One is that the entire spent steam waste heat power generation system is fully insulated, collecting all the heat, the other is the heat dissipation of the hydrogen reaction bed and the expander in the Kelaipu unit, and the third is the hydrogen reaction bed 103 at 35 °C. Hydrogen absorption is exothermic. The efficiency of using the above composite Kelly device to utilize waste heat can reach about 47%.
  • the working process of the compound Kelapu unit is as follows: 1.
  • the spent steam at 60 °C of the power plant passes through the primary heat exchanger, and the condensed tropics are heated into the hydrogen reaction bed to generate pressurized hydrogen gas at 60 ° C and 0.5 MPa into the expander 92 for work.
  • the low-temperature hydrogen in the work process is reheated by the secondary heat exchanger 105 to perform the function.
  • the low-pressure hydrogen gas at 35 ° C and 0.1 MPa is introduced into the hydrogen reaction bed to absorb hydrogen. 2.
  • the low-temperature residual heat of 35 ° C or above is used to continue the work of power generation, and all the heat above 35 ° C in the working medium is utilized.
  • the low temperature residual heat above 35 °C comes from three parts.
  • the spent steam waste heat power generation system is fully insulated, collecting all the heat, the other is the heat dissipation of the hydrogen reaction bed and the expander in the Kelaipu device, and the third is the hydrogen reaction bed 103 at 35 °C. Hydrogen absorption is exothermic.
  • the working medium is carbon dioxide.

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Abstract

一种水化氢化镁的能源系统，包括氢化镁储罐（15）、柯来浦单元（5）、蓄电池（6）、氢气缓冲及温度调节罐（1）、计量设备（69）、分子筛过滤器（2）、氢燃料电池（9）、尾气净化器（48）、水箱（12）和空气净化器（11）。氢燃料电池（9）的出水口通过水箱（12）、水泵（13）和流量计（14）连接到氢化镁储罐（15）的水入口（47），氢化镁储罐（15）的氢气出口（33）通过分子筛过滤器（2）、氢气缓冲及温度调节罐（1）和计量设备（69）连接到氢燃料电池（9）的氢气入口。氢化镁储罐（15）的导热介质出口连接到分子筛过滤器（2）夹套和柯来浦单元（5），分子筛过滤器（2）的夹套出口和柯来浦单元（5）出口连接到氢化镁储罐（15）的导热介质入口。根据氢化镁与水反应生成氢气并产生热的原理，氢用于燃料电池发电，热能通过柯来浦单元发电，提高了氢能源的利用率，有利于保护自然环境和建设生态文明。

Description

一种水化氢化镁的能源系统 技术领域
本发明属于氢能源领域，尤其涉及一种水化氢化镁的能源系统。
背景技术
环境污染和能源短缺已经成为当今社会的突出问题，为了开发清洁新能源，世界各国都在因地制宜的发展核能、太阳能、地热能、风能、生物能、海洋能和氢能等化石燃料以外的新型替代能源，其中氢能被认为是未来最有希望的新能源之一。然而受制取、储运、应用等方面技术、成本、寿命和可靠性诸多因素的制约，使得氢燃料的开发和应用，很难真正市场化运行。尤其是在新能源汽车领域，世界各大汽车制造商在氢燃料汽车的开发上投入大量物力人力，纷纷研发了自己的氢燃料汽车，同样因为上述原因，尤其是氢能的储运方面，严重制约了氢燃料汽车的广泛推广和应用。
目前氢气的储运有高压气瓶储运，液态氢储运，溶剂储运，金属氢化物储运等方式，这些方式各有优缺点。金属氢化物储氢，相较于其它储运方式，具有氢储存密度高，储运安全等优点，如何进一步提高金属氢化物的储氢密度，经济高效地实现金属氢化物的实际应用，目前仍然是氢能源领域需要重点突破的方向之一。金属镁是金属储氢领域一种重要的储氢材料，具有储氢容量高，含氢量达到7.6％(质量分数)，价格低廉，资源丰富，吸放氢平台好，无污染等优点。另外，氢化镁属于强还原剂，可以和水直接进行剧烈反应生成氢气和氢氧化镁并放出大量的热。这些反应释放的大量热可以向外输出进行利用。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种水化氢化镁的能源系统，充分利用金属氢化镁释放氢气和氢燃料电池产生电力的功能，提高氢能源的利用率，减少和避免温室气体排放，保护自然环境，创建生态文明。
本发明的技术方案是：水化氢化镁的能源系统，包括氢化镁储罐、柯来浦单元和蓄电池，蓄电池与柯来浦单元电路连接，氢化镁储罐设有导热介质入口、导热介质出口、添加抽出口、氢气出口和水入口。系统设有氢气缓冲及温度调节罐、计量设备、分子筛过滤器、氢燃料电池、空气进气口、尾气净化器、净气排放口、水箱、水泵、流量计和空气净化器，氢燃料电池设有电力输出电缆、空气入口、氢气入口、出水口和尾气出口。空气进气口通过空气净化器与空气入口连接，尾气出口通过尾气净化器与净气排放口连接。出水口连接到水箱，分子筛过滤器的出水口连接到水箱，水箱与补水及调节水口连接。水箱通过水泵和流量计连接到 氢化镁储罐的水入口，水入口管路上设有过滤膜，过滤膜为离子交换膜或反渗透膜。氢化镁储罐的氢气出口通过分子筛过滤器、氢气缓冲及温度调节罐和计量设备连接到氢燃料电池的氢气入口。氢化镁储罐的导热介质出口分为三路，一路通过导热介质管路连接到分子筛过滤器夹套入口，一路通过导热介质管路连接到柯来浦单元，一路通过导热介质管路连接到蓄电池保温套，分子筛过滤器的夹套出口连接到氢化镁储罐的导热介质入口，柯来浦单元出口连接到氢化镁储罐的导热介质入口，蓄电池保温套出口连接到氢化镁储罐的导热介质入口。
氢燃料电池被氢活塞式内燃机或氢燃气轮机代替，使用纯氧作为助燃气时，氢活塞式内燃机或氢燃气轮机从尾气出口排出的水和含氢的尾气通过水箱和过滤膜进入氢化镁储罐。氢化镁储罐中的氢化镁用金属镁代替，氢化镁储罐中的氢化镁或金属镁水化后变成氢氧化镁或通过罐内加热变成氧化镁，或是以上两者的混合物，然后从氢化镁储罐内移出后，再加入饱和的氢化镁或金属镁。或者氢化镁储罐中的氢化镁不与水反应，直接通过加热放出氢气后变成金属镁，金属镁从氢化镁储罐内移出后，再加入饱和的氢化镁。能与氢气结合形成金属氢化物或/和能与水反应放出氢气的金属都适用于这种方法，以上金属或以上金属任何比例的混合物，与其他物质结合形成的混合物也都适用于这种方法。
氢化镁储罐由罐体的内壁和外壁构成，内壁和外壁之间形成换热夹层，罐体的内部设有喷水管路，罐体外壁的外部设有保温层。罐体的一端设有压力传感器、防爆阀、氢气出口、水入口和温度传感器，添加抽出口位于罐体的另一端，添加抽出口设有带密码锁的截止阀，罐体为金属材料、非金属材料或以上两者的组合材料。
系统设有氢化镁更换装置，氢化镁更换装置包括分离罐、氢氧化镁储罐、余氢吸收单元、真空罐、保护气压缩机、高压保护气罐、氢化镁储罐、供料器、抽出计量仪、添加计量仪、加注枪驱动机构和加注枪。加注枪驱动机构设有外管、内管、密封圈、过滤网和锁紧法兰。外管与保护气管路连接，内管与添加-抽料共用管路连接。加注枪驱动机构与加注枪连接，加注枪通过锁紧法兰与氢化镁储罐的添加抽出口密封连接。加注枪设有保护气入口和进料-出料口，进料-出料口通过添加-抽料共用管路和抽出管路连接到分离罐，分离罐的固体出口通过抽出计量仪连接到氢氧化镁储罐，分离罐的气体出口通过余氢吸收单元连接到真空罐，真空罐通过单向阀和保护气压缩机连接到高压保护气罐。高压保护气罐出口分为两路，一路连接到供料器，一路连接通过保护气管路到加注枪的保护气入口。氢化镁储罐通过供料器、添加计量仪、添加管路和添加-抽料共用管路连接到加注枪的进料-出料口。
氢氧化镁储罐中的氢氧化镁运至再生单元，将氢氧化镁变成氢化镁，再运回使用，再生利用清洁能源的调峰电力进行金属镁的电解再生和加氢再生。水化氢化镁的能源系统应 用于移动设备、交通设备、固定设备、家用设备、厨房灶具、发电设备、服装鞋类、动力设备或建筑设备，依据应用场景不同，结构尺寸进行放大或者缩小。或者系统采用重力输送、机械输送、气力输送、真空输送、液力输送、电磁输送的方法或它们的组合，更换氢化镁和氢氧化镁，或更换氢化镁和氧化镁，或更换氢化镁和氢氧化镁-氧化镁的混合物，或更换金属镁和氢氧化镁，或更换金属镁和氧化镁，或更换金属镁和氢氧化镁-氧化镁的混合物，或更换氢化镁和金属镁，或更换能与氢气结合形成金属氢化物或/和能与水反应放出氢气的金属或该金属与其他物质的混合物与该金属和其他物质的混合物的氢氧化物或/和氧化物。
能源系统安装在汽车，汽车设有释能单元、轮毂电机、人工操控台、中央控制器和电机驱动单元。氢燃料电池通过电力输出电缆与电机驱动单元电路连接，人工操控台通过中央控制器与电机驱动单元电路连接，轮毂电机、蓄电池与电机驱动单元电路连接。释能单元的氢燃料电池产生的电能和柯来浦单元产生的电力根据汽车实际运行工况通过电缆输送到电机驱动单元或蓄电池进行蓄电，电机驱动单元驱动汽车行驶。行驶过程中刹车或减速时轮毂电机回收的电储存到蓄电池，作为补充电力。氢化镁储罐的导热介质为氮气、导热油、二氧化碳或热稳定物质，导热介质出口一路连接柯来浦单元，一路连接分子筛过滤器夹套入口，一路连接蓄电池保温套入口，使蓄电池在冬季时能工作，还有一路连接汽车空调系统，用于冬季采暖。
系统包括手机和外部填充设备，手机包括氢燃料电池、超安电池盒和密码锁，外部填充设备设有水添加插针、氢化物更换插针、自动定位夹紧设备、微型氢化镁更换系统、水添加/抽出系统、低温氢气吸收器及智能管理系统。氢燃料电池设有空气进气口、净气排放口和超安电池盒接口模块，氢燃料电池与超安电池盒接口模块连接。超安电池盒中设有氢气控制模块、氢化镁模块和水控制模块。超安电池盒接口模块通过氢气接口与氢气控制模块连接，通过水接口与水控制模块连接。水控制模块设有水插孔，氢化镁模块设有氢化物更换插孔，水控制模块通过水插孔与水添加插针连接，氢化镁模块通过氢化物更换插孔与氢化物更换插针连接。手机内设置手机蓄电池，手机蓄电池与燃料电池并联或串联设置。
水控制模块中水经水控制模块与氢化镁模块之间的膜进入氢化镁模块，水与氢化镁反应生成氢气和氢氧化镁。氢气经氢气接口进入氢燃料电池，氢气经氢化镁模块与氢气控制模块之间的膜进入氢气控制模块，膜具有单向性，只允许氢气从氢化镁模块进入氢气控制模块，或膜用微型单向阀门替代，氢燃料电池中氢气与经空气进气口进入的空气进行反应生成水，并产生电能供手机使用。产生的水经水接口进入水控制模块。氢化镁模块中氢化镁完全转化为氢氧化镁后，通过将手机插入外部填充设备进行更换。更换过程中，首先将手机插入外部 填充设备，自动定位夹紧设备自动夹紧手机，手机对插针进行识别，当插针和插孔的密码相符时，手机上的密码锁完成识别。当氢氧化镁抽完时才添加饱和氢化镁。
或者手机蓄电池也可以使用外接电力蓄电。手机外部填充设备的微型氢化镁更换系统与氢化镁更换装置的结构和原理相同，由各部件结构微缩制造而成，氢化镁模块正常使用温度范围为-40～100℃。
柯来浦单元包括膨胀机、发电机、氢气热压缩设备和中间再热器。膨胀机出口通过氢气热压缩设备连接到膨胀机入口，膨胀机与发电机轴连接，发电机与外部电力系统电路连接。氢气热压缩设备可以采用多级梯级利用模式，每个梯级可以由多个反应床组成，所述反应床内装载金属储氢材料，包括但不限于稀土系金属氢化物；低压氢气由低压氢气入口进入反应床，低压氢气被储氢材料吸收形成金属氢化物，对完成吸氢后的金属氢化物加热放出高压氢气。每一个反应床的运行模式采用内部金属氢化物直接抽出更换模式，或采用间接换热模式，反应床内金属氢化物主要以稀土为主或其他物质，从而使柯来浦单元内部的氢气通过导热介质循环管路带入的热量加热升压后进入膨胀机做功，带动发电机发电。
柯来浦单元为复合式柯来浦单元，复合式柯来浦单元包括1级换热器、2级换热器、3级换热器、4级换热器、5级换热器、1号氢反应床组、2号氢反应床组、3号氢反应床组、膨胀机、压缩膨胀联合循环装置、导热介质循环入口管路和导热介质循环出口管路。压缩膨胀联合循环装置设有工质压缩机、工质膨胀机、6号换热器和7号换热器，膨胀机、工质压缩机和工质膨胀机同轴连接，也可以不同轴连接。工质压缩机与工质膨胀机依次与7号换热器和6号换热器循环连接，7号换热器向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热。导热介质循环入口管路与1级换热器的导热介质循环入口连接，1级换热器依次通过2级换热器、3级换热器、4级换热器和5级换热器与导热介质循环出口管路连接。1级换热器与1号氢反应床组循环连接，2级换热器与2号氢反应床组循环连接，3级换热器与3号氢反应床组循环连接，膨胀机与4级换热器循环连接，5级换热器与6号换热器循环连接，6号换热器与7号换热器连接。1号氢反应床组、2号氢反应床组和3号氢反应床组与膨胀机循环连接，膨胀机与6号换热器循环连接，6号换热器连接到工质压缩机入口，工质膨胀机出口连接到7号换热器。1号氢反应床组与2号氢反应床组循环连接，2号氢反应床组与3号氢反应床组循环连接，3号氢反应床组与6号换热器循环连接，6号换热器与7号换热器连接。如果初始余热温度高于或低于600℃，增加或减少氢反应床组的级数和个数。
利用活塞式内燃机或燃气轮机600℃的尾气余热发电。600℃的尾气余热通过导热介质热流管线依次连接1号氢反应床组、2号氢反应床组和3号氢反应床组。然后再通过压缩 膨胀联合循环装置，将尾气中35℃以上的热量全部利用。
膨胀机分为一组以上叶片，每组叶片可以一级以上，允许每组叶片中至少一个抽头与最后一级换热器进行换热。
通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置，利用-50～100℃之间的低温余热部分继续做功发电。选定温度以上的低温余热来自三部分，一是整个活塞式内燃机或燃气轮机及尾气系统充分保温，收集所有的热量，二是柯来浦装置中氢反应床组和膨胀机的散热，三是最后一级氢反应床组的吸氢放热。经过6号换热器将以上三部分热量带入并加热工质到不低于选定温度，加热后的工质经工质压缩机加压升温后，工质压缩机的动力来自膨胀机，利用膨胀机全部或部分的动力用于带动工质压缩机，然后经工质膨胀机做功，工质膨胀机出口温度为高于或等于选定温度，压力高于或等于0.1MPa，然后工质进入7号换热器向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热，温度降为不高于环境温度或冷却水温度，然后进入6号换热器，循环做功。工质为二氧化碳或其他有机化合物。选择部分利用膨胀机的动力带动工质压缩机运行，膨胀机的另一部分动力以轴功形式输出。释能单元和用能单元单独使用或一起使用，用于固定设备、移动设备、交通设备或家用设备。更换装置置于固定场所或安装于移动装置上。氢化镁储罐有至少两种更换方法：第一种方法是整体更换氢化镁储罐，新更换的储罐内装有吸氢达到饱和的氢化镁。第二种方法是更换氢化镁储罐内的已经使用过的氢化镁，换上饱和的氢化镁。氢化镁储罐的更换方法，也适合于燃料电池汽车和其它携带氢化镁的氢气燃料动力设备或固定装置或移动设备或家用设备上。氢化镁储罐的更换方法均可采用固定式或移动式加注平台。氢化镁储罐中的氢化镁也可以用金属镁代替。
冬季时在水箱中添加适合循环防冻系统的一种或多种一定比例的无机物或有机物或它们的混合物，水箱内形成一定浓度的防冻水溶液，并在水箱出口设置过滤膜，使这些无机物或有机物或它们的混合物始终保留在水箱内，透过膜后的软水进入氢化镁储罐，从而防止水系统的冬季低温防冻问题。如果水箱和氢化镁储罐之间的管道里面有多余的氢气，也可以保证氢气通过过滤膜，进入氢化镁储罐中。尾气净化器由NO/O 3催化还原器、活性炭吸附器、CO/VOC氧化器和颗粒物离子吸附器四个模块组成，NO/O 3催化还原器、活性炭吸附器、CO/VOC氧化器和颗粒物离子吸附器依次连接。
能源系统应用于鞋类的动力系统，衣服的温度调节系统，电动汽车的充电续航在电动汽车运行或停止过程中依据电池需要慢充或快充。能源系统的氢化镁物流采用智能网络化运营模式，同时在更换氢化镁时为交通设备的使用者提供物品的物流配送。
能源系统设有复合式柯来浦单元，包括氢反应床、初级换热器、次级换热器、终级 换热器、膨胀机、压缩膨胀联合循环装置、60℃发电厂乏汽管路和60℃热水管路。压缩膨胀联合循环装置设有工质压缩机、工质膨胀机、6号换热器和7号换热器，膨胀机、工质压缩机和工质膨胀机轴连接。60℃发电厂乏汽管路依次通过初级换热器、次级换热器和终级换热器连接到60℃热水管路。氢反应床的氢气出口连接到膨胀机的入口，膨胀机的出口连接到氢反应床的氢气入口。初级换热器与氢反应床循环连接，次级换热器与膨胀机的中段循环连接，终级换热器与6号换热器循环连接，氢反应床与6号换热器循环连接，6号换热器连接到工质压缩机入口，工质膨胀机出口连接到7号换热器，6号换热器与7号换热器连接，7号换热器向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热。
发电厂的乏汽经过初级换热器，将冷凝热带入并加热氢反应床，产生具有温度和压力的带压氢气进入膨胀机做功，做功过程中的低温氢气由次级换热器再热提升做功能力，做功后的低温低压氢气，进入氢反应床吸氢放热。通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置，利用-50～100℃之间的低温余热部分继续做功发电，将尾气中选定温度以上的热量全部利用。
柯来浦单元中氢气热压缩设备中金属氢化物通过导热介质流体在放氢压力下携带热量直接进入氢反应床中，所述导热介质流体为气体、液体，所述气体为氢气、一氧化碳、甲烷、氮气、二氧化碳、氩气、氦气、氖气的还原性或惰性气体，允许使用上述气体的超临界状态，所述液体为导热油、高分子有机溶剂。当金属氢化物需要加热高压放氢时，首先将导热介质流体加压到放氢压力，然后利用导热介质循环管路加热到放氢温度，再直接泵入氢气热压缩设备，加热金属氢化物并提供热量，使金属氢化物实现快速升温高压放氢，每个氢反应床中金属氢化物高压放出的氢气出口上设有耐高温高压过滤膜，仅允许氢气流出，导热介质流体通过旁路与导热介质循环管路循环连接，也可以进入下一级氢气热压缩设备的放氢过程；当金属氢化物需要降温低压吸氢时，首先将导热介质流体加压到吸氢压力，然后直接泵入氢气热压缩设备冷却金属氢化物到放氢温度同时移走吸氢过程中的放热，以上热量传递给上一级氢反应床组或同级内氢反应床或导热介质循环管路，使金属氢化物实现快速降温低压吸氢。氢气热压缩设备也可以采用电阻加热、感应加热、电磁加热、电弧加热、辐射加热的加热方式。对于复合式柯来浦单元同样适用。
本发明水化氢化镁的能源系统根据氢化镁与水反应生成氢气和氢氧化镁并产生大量热的原理，生成的氢气用于氢燃料电池发电，通过柯来浦单元和复合式柯来浦单元可以回收不同温度的余热进行发电，效率较高，有效利用了氢能源，整个过程能量损失较少，污染物排放较少，提高了氢能源的利用率，减少和避免了温室气体排放，有利于保护自然环境，创建生态文明，本发明可以在固定设备、移动设备和交通设备等使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明水化氢化镁的能源系统的流程示意图；
图2为氢化镁储罐的结构示意图；
图3为图2的A-A图；
图4为带有氢化镁更换装置的水化氢化镁的能源系统流程示意图；
图5为本发明第三种实施方案的流程示意图；
图6为本发明第四种实施方案的流程示意图；
图7为柯来浦单元示意图；
图8为添加抽出口与加注枪连接示意图；
图9为图8的局部详图；
图10为复合式柯来浦单元示意图
图11复合式柯来浦单元与燃气轮机连接示意图；
图12为第二种合式柯来浦单元示意图。
其中：1—氢气缓冲及温度调节罐、2—分子筛过滤器、3—氢气输出管路、4—导热油管路、5—柯来浦单元、6—蓄电池、7—净气排放口、8—电力输出电缆、9—氢燃料电池、10—空气进气口、11—空气净化器、12—水箱、13—水泵、14—流量计、15—氢化镁储罐、16—导热介质入口、17—导热介质出口、18—添加抽出口、19—加注枪、20—分离罐、21—氢氧化镁储罐、22—余氢吸收单元、23—真空罐、24—单向阀、25—保护气压缩机、26—高压保护气罐、27—保护气管路、28—抽出管路、29—添加管路、30—出气电磁阀、31—防爆阀、32—温度传感器、33—氢气出口、34—保温层、35—压力传感器、36—喷水管路、37—换热夹层、38—罐体、39—带密码锁的截止阀、40—释能单元、41—轮毂电机、42—人工操控台、43—中央控制器、44—电机驱动单元、45—氢化镁储罐、46—供料器、47—水入口、48—尾气净化器、49—水控制模块、50—水插孔、51—氢气控制模块、52—超安电池、53—水添加插针、54—超安电池盒接口模块、55—氢化物更换插孔、56—外部填充设备、57—手机、58—密码锁、59—自动定位夹紧设备、60—氢气接口、61—水接口、62—氢化物更换插针、63—氢化镁模块、64—膨胀机、65—发电机、66—导热介质循环管路、67—氢气热压缩设备、68—中间再热器、69—计量设备、70—补水及调节水口、71—抽料-添加共用管路、72—抽出计量仪、73—添加计量仪、75—加注枪驱动机构、76—外管，77—内管、78—密封圈、79-过滤网、80—锁紧法兰、81—1级换热器、82—2级换热器、83—3级换热器、84—4级换热器、85—5级换热器、86—工质压缩机、87—压缩膨胀联合循环装置、88—工质膨胀 机、89—1号氢反应床组、90—2号氢反应床组、91—3号氢反应床组、92—膨胀机、93—6号换热器、94—导热介质循环入口管路、95—导热介质循环出口管路、96—膜、97—车用空调、98—手机蓄电池、99—燃气轮机、100—复合式柯来浦单元、101—电机、102—7号换热器、103—氢反应床、104—初级换热器、105—次级换热器、106—终级换热器。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细说明。本发明保护范围不限于实施例，本领域技术人员在权利要求限定的范围内做出任何改动也属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明水化氢化镁的能源系统如图1所示，包括氢化镁储罐15、柯来浦单元5、蓄电池6、氢气缓冲及温度调节罐1、分子筛过滤器2、氢燃料电池9、空气进气口10、尾气净化器48、净气排放口7、水箱12、水泵13、流量计14和空气净化器11，蓄电池与柯来浦单元电路连接，氢燃料电池设有电力输出电缆8、空气入口、氢气入口、水出口和尾气出口。空气进气口通过空气净化器11与空气入口连接，尾气出口通过尾气净化器与净气排放口连接。
尾气净化器48由NO/O 3催化还原器、活性炭吸附器、CO/VOC氧化器和颗粒物离子吸附器四个模块组成，NO/O 3催化还原器、活性炭吸附器、CO/VOC氧化器和颗粒物离子吸附器依次连接。
如图2、图3所示，氢化镁储罐15由罐体38内壁和外壁构成，内壁和外壁之间形成换热夹层37，罐体的内部设有喷水管路36，罐体的外部设有保温层34。氢化镁储罐设有导热介质入口16、导热介质出口17、添加抽出口18、氢气出口33、水入口47、压力传感器35、防爆阀31和温度传感器32。氢气出口、水入口、压力传感器35、防爆阀31和温度传感器32位于罐体的端部。添加抽出口18位于罐体的另一端部，添加抽出口设有带密码锁的截止阀39。氢燃料电池的出水口连接到水箱，分子筛过滤器的出水口连接到水箱，水箱与补水及调节水口70连接。水箱通过水泵、流量计和过滤膜96连接到氢化镁储罐的水入口47，氢化镁储罐的氢气出口通过分子筛过滤器、氢气缓冲及温度调节罐1和计量设备69连接到氢燃料电池的氢气入口。氢化镁储罐的导热介质出口分为三路，一路通过导热油管路4连接到分子筛过滤器的夹套入口，一路通过导热油管路4连接到柯来浦单元，一路通过导热油管路4连接到蓄电池保温套，分子筛过滤器的夹套出口、柯来浦单元出口和蓄电池保温套连接到氢化镁储罐的导热介质入口。分子筛过滤器为两台，两台分子筛过滤器交替进行工作，一台过滤水时，通过分子筛过滤器对氢气进行脱水净化，使氢气含量达到99.999％。另一台进行再生，再生过程利用导热油传给的热量。
如图7所示，柯来浦单元包括膨胀机64、发电机65、氢气热压缩设备67和中间再热器68，膨胀机出口通过氢气热压缩设备连接到膨胀机入口，膨胀机与发电机轴连接，发电机与外部电力系统电路连接。氢气热压缩设备67可以采用多级梯级利用模式，每个梯级可以由多个反应床组成，所述反应床内装载金属储氢材料，包括但不限于稀土系金属氢化物；低压氢气由低压氢气入口进入反应床，低压氢气被储氢材料吸收形成金属氢化物，对完成吸氢后的金属氢化物加热放出高压氢气。每一个反应床的运行模式既可以采用内部金属氢化物直接抽出更换模式，又可以采用间接换热模式，反应床内金属氢化物主要以稀土为主，从而使柯来浦单元内部的氢气通过导热介质循环管路66带入的热量加热升压后进入膨胀机64做功，带动发电机65发电。图7中实线是低温热流管线，虚线是柯来浦单元内部氢气循环管线。
本发明水化氢化镁的能源系统的运行方式是：通过罐体内部的喷水管路36喷入水，水与氢化镁反应生成氢气和氢氧化镁，并产生大量的热。水箱12的水经水泵13和流量计14进入装满氢化镁的氢化镁储罐15，通过罐体内部的喷水管路36喷入罐内的氢化镁中，氢化镁与水反应生成氢氧化镁和氢气，并放出大量的热。氢气经氢气输出管路3进入分子筛过滤器2过滤出水分和其他保护气，例如氮气，然后进入氢气缓冲及温度调节罐1存储，两台分子筛过滤器交替进行过滤，通过阀门实现交替操作。氢化镁与水反应放出的热量传递给换热夹层37中的导热油，携带热量的导热油经导热介质出口17分为三路，一路经导热油管路4进入柯来浦单元5，利用柯来浦单元发电，发的电储存到蓄电池，另一路经导热油管路4进入分子筛过滤器2的夹层，为分子筛过滤器再生提供热量，再生温度为105℃，过滤和再生得到的水进入水箱12，保护气氮气放空，第三路经导热油管路4进入蓄电池6的保温套，在冬季室外时对蓄电池进行保温，使蓄电池始终处在适宜温度下。氢气缓冲及温度调节罐中纯净的氢气经计量设备69到氢燃料电池，由空气进气口10进入的空气经空气净化器净化后进入氢燃料电池。在氢燃料电池中氢气和空气反应生成水并产生电能，产生的电能经电力输出电缆8输入到用电设备或并入电网，也可以通过合适的装置输入蓄电池6内对蓄电池进行充电，可以利用蓄电池实现负荷调峰功能，生成的水经水出口到水箱12作氢化镁储罐反应用水，氢燃料电池过程的废气包括剩余的空气经尾气出口和尾气净化器48到净气排放口7排出。
水箱12上设有补水及调节水口，可以外排或从外界补充水。尾气净化器48要把空气中带入的氮氧化物和臭氧进行脱除，达到从净气排放口7排出的气体中氮氧化物小于5微克每标立方米，臭氧小于50微克每标立方米，一氧化碳小于100微克每标立方米，VOC小 于100微克每标立方米，颗粒物小于50微克每标立方米，把从环境大气中带入的污染物进行有效脱除，降到较低水平，实现空气净化功能。携带热量的导热油介质可以由氮气等惰性介质所代替。氢化镁储罐运行温度不超过150℃，压力不高于0.2MPa。从氢气缓冲及温度调控罐1进入氢燃料电池的氢气温度为80℃，压力为0.18MPa。通过温度传感器31、压力传感器35、氢气流量计69、电力输出电缆8和蓄电池6反馈的信号实现联合五控，设定数据包，通过控制加水量使系统稳定正常运行，产生符合要求的稳定流量的氢气，同时确保没有多余的水进入氢化镁储罐，并满足电力输出电缆8的用电需求。氢化镁储罐中加入的是以金属镁为主的含氢量为加入氢化镁总重量7.5％的储氢材料。如加水后反应完全，约产生加入氢化镁总重量15％的氢气，并放出大量的热，氢化镁储罐15夹套内的导热油换热介质将这部分热量从导热油出口17带出。图7中余热进入柯来浦单元进行余热发电，导热氢反应床组油换热介质进入柯来浦单元的入口温度不超过150℃。柯来浦单元中67产生的氢气压力为20MPa进入膨胀机64做功，带动发电机65发电，发出的电能储存在蓄电池6内。
氢化镁储罐15为严格密封并与外界完全隔离的金属材料制成。氢化镁加注枪通过带密码锁的截止阀将饱和的氢化镁加入到氢化镁储罐中，同时关紧带密码锁的截止阀，内部系统运行加水放出全部产生的氢气后，金属氢化镁主要变成干燥的氢氧化镁，这时打开带密码锁的截止阀，通过加注枪将氢氧化镁抽出，然后再将饱和的氢化镁加入到氢化镁储罐中。氢燃料电池为质子膜燃料电池，工作温度为30-80℃，输出直流电流。通过氢气流量计69在线统计放氢量，可以实时得到氢化镁储罐中剩余的放氢量，各装置信息和各传感器信号都进入ECU单元，统一控制。
冬季室外时在水箱中添加氯化钠，水箱内形成3％防冻氯化钠水溶液，并在水箱出口设置过滤膜，使氯化钠始终保留在水箱内，透过膜后的软水进入氢化镁储罐，从而防止水系统的冬季低温防冻问题。如果水箱和氢化镁储罐之间的管道里面有多余的氢气，也可以保证氢气通过过滤膜，进入氢化镁储罐中。
空气净化器11使进入氢燃料电池内的空气得到有效净化，满足氢燃料电池的需要，净化后的空气颗粒物小于500微克每标立方米。
实施例2
本发明另一实施方式如图4所示，系统设有氢化镁更换装置和释能单元40，氢化镁更换装置包括分离罐20、氢氧化镁储罐21、余氢吸收单元22、真空罐23、保护气压缩机25、高压保护气罐26、氢化镁储罐45、供料器46、抽出计量仪72、添加计量仪73、加注枪驱动机构和加注枪19。加注枪19与加注枪驱动机构连接，如图8、图9所示，加注枪驱动机构 设有外管76、内管77、密封圈78、过滤网79和锁紧法兰80。外管与保护气管路27连接，内管与抽料-添加共用管路71连接，氢化镁储罐15的添加抽出口18设有带密码锁的截止阀39，加注枪与添加抽出口18通过锁紧法兰密封连接。高压保护气罐为两台，两台高压保护气罐交替进行工作，高压保护气罐与真空罐之间设有旁路。释能单元即为实施例1中的水化氢化镁的能源系统，包括两台氢化镁储罐15、柯来浦单元5、蓄电池6、氢气缓冲及温度调节罐1、分子筛过滤器2、氢燃料电池9、空气进气口10、尾气净化器48、净气排放口7、水箱12、水泵13、流量计14和空气净化器11，两台氢化镁储罐外接管路配置方式一致，通过阀门进行切换，两台氢化镁储罐交替进行放氢和更换物料。蓄电池与柯来浦单元电路连接，氢化镁储罐15为两台，两台氢化镁储罐交替运行。加注枪设有保护气入口和进料-出料口，进料-出料口通过抽料-添加共用管路71和抽出管路28连接到分离罐20，分离罐的固体出口通过抽出计量仪72连接到氢氧化镁储罐，准确计量抽出的氢氧化镁。分离罐的气体出口通过余氢吸收单元连接到真空罐，真空罐通过单向阀24和保护气压缩机连接到高压保护气罐。高压保护气罐出口分为两路，一路连接到供料器46，一路连接通过保护气管路27到加注枪的保护气入口。氢化镁储罐通过供料器、氢化镁计量仪73、添加管路29和抽料-添加共用管路71连接到加注枪的进料-出料口，准确计量加入的饱和氢化镁。释能单元的连接关系与运行方式与实施例1相同。系统也可以采用重力输送、机械输送、气力输送、真空输送、液力输送、电磁输送等其它方法或它们的组合，总之，通过密码锁打开罐体，使氢化镁储罐内的氢氧化镁送出，然后加入氢化镁，罐体关闭密封，从而可靠的实现氢化镁储罐内氢氧化镁和氢化镁进行物料更换的任何方法。
氢化镁储罐中的氢化镁全部转化为氢氧化镁之后需要更换氢化镁储罐中物料，卸出氢氧化镁，添加饱和的氢化镁原料，使放氢过程保持连续。加注枪可以自由伸缩进出氢化镁储罐实现氢化镁的添加和氢氧化镁的抽出。保护气为氮气、二氧化碳或其他惰性气体，允许采用加压运行，不排除使用上述气体的超临界状态。氢化镁更换装置通过加注枪19与要更换物料的氢化镁储罐的添加抽出口18连接，进行更换操作，过程为①加注枪对准加注口，打开添加抽出口18的带密码锁的截止阀39，通过控制中心发出信号打开密码锁，加注枪的锁紧法兰与加注口的法兰对接锁紧。②采用气流输送方式将氢化镁储罐中的氢氧化镁从氢化镁储罐中抽出，经抽出管路28到分离罐20进行气固分离，分出的固体进入氢氧化镁储罐21，分出的保护气(氮气)由分离罐顶部出去经余氢吸收单元22到真空罐23，然后经单向阀24和保护气压缩机25到高压保护气罐26。高压保护气罐26中的氮气为抽出和添加提供气力输送所需的动力。氢氧化镁储罐21中的氢氧化镁运至再生单元，将氢氧化镁变成氢化 镁，再运回使用，再生可以利用清洁能源的调峰电力进行金属镁的电解再生和加氢等方法。③采用气流输送方式向氢化镁储罐添加饱和氢化镁，氢化镁储罐45中饱和的氢化镁经供料器46和添加管路29至加注枪，由高压保护气罐26中的氮气提供气力输送动力向氢化镁储罐加注饱和氢化镁物料。④加注完毕后，关闭带密码锁的截止阀39，抽出加注枪，然后根据正在运行的氢化镁储罐15中氢化镁放氢情况，确定两台氢化镁储罐的更换时机。释能单元的运行过程与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明第三种实施方式如图5所示，为能源系统安装在汽车内运行，包括释能单元、轮毂电机41、人工操控台42、中央控制器43和电机驱动单元44，释能单元包括氢化镁储罐15、柯来浦单元5、氢气缓冲及温度调节罐1、分子筛过滤器2、氢燃料电池9、空气进气口10、水箱12、水泵13、流量计14、净气排放口7和空气净化器11。蓄电池与柯来浦单元电路连接，氢化镁储罐15为一台。氢化镁储罐的导热介质出口17一路通过车用空调97连接到导热介质入口16。氢燃料电池通过电力输出电缆8与电机驱动单元电路连接，柯来浦单元与蓄电池电路连接，蓄电池与电机驱动单元电路连接。人工操控台通过中央控制器与电机驱动单元电路连接，轮毂电机41电路连接到电机驱动单元。带有能源系统的汽车工作过程为：释能单元40的氢燃料电池9产生的电能和柯来浦单元产生的电力根据汽车实际运行工况通过电缆输送到电机驱动单元44或蓄电池6进行蓄电，电机驱动单元驱动汽车行驶。行驶过程中刹车或减速时轮毂电机41回收的电储存到蓄电池，作为补充电力。
氢化镁储罐的导热介质为氮气，导热介质出口一路连接柯来浦单元，一路连接分子筛过滤器夹套入口，一路连接蓄电池保温套入口，使蓄电池在冬季时也能在合适的温度下工作，还有一路连接汽车空调系统，用于冬季采暖。汽车为电动汽车，分为两种能源配置设计方案，一种为蓄电池的功率大于燃料电池的功率时，蓄电池为主动力，燃料电池为补充动力和用于蓄电池充电，两者配合或由蓄电池单独供给汽车启动及行驶耗能，燃料电池的释能单元可以微型化，可以通过充电插头给电动汽车或混合动力汽车的电池充电，也可以将燃料电池的释能单元移到汽车外面，对释能单元中的燃料进行更换。在任何工况下均可以对电动汽车或混合动力汽车进行慢充，极端情况下允许快充，从而使电动汽车或混合动力汽车的电池重量和数量大幅降低，使电动汽车或混合动力汽车的电池寿命显著提高。另一种为蓄电池的功率小于燃料电池的功率，燃料电池为主动力，蓄电池为补充动力，两者配合或由燃料电池主要供给汽车行驶耗能，由蓄电池为汽车提供启动、加速等能源。汽车的蓄电池外加保温套，保温套的热量来源为氢化镁储罐水化过程中产生的热量。
冬季时在水箱中添加氯化钙，水箱内形成5％防冻氯化钙水溶液，并在水箱出口设置离子交换膜。
实施例4
本发明第四种实施方式如图6所示，为水化氢化镁的能源系统在手机上的应用，包括手机57和外部填充设备56。手机57包括氢燃料电池9、手机蓄电池98和超安电池盒52，氢燃料电池设有空气进气口10、净气排放口7和超安电池盒接口模块54，氢燃料电池与超安电池盒接口模块54连接。超安电池盒中设有氢气控制模块51、氢化镁模块63和水控制模块49，超安电池盒接口模块通过氢气接口60与氢气控制模块51连接，通过水接口61与水控制模块连接。水控制模块设有水插孔50，氢化镁模块设有氢化物更换插孔55，外部填充设备设有水添加插针53和氢化物更换插针62，水控制模块通过水插孔50与水添加插针连接，氢化镁模块通过氢化物更换插孔与氢化物更换插针连接。外部填充设备56中设有自动定位夹紧设备59、微型氢化镁更换系统、水添加/抽出系统、低温氢气吸收器及智能管理系统。微型氢化镁更换系统的结构和原理如实施例1的图4。手机上设置密码锁，水添加插针53和氢化物更换插针62上设置对应的密码，在插入过程中，手机识别上述两插针上的密码，当密码相符后，密码锁打开，进行氢化镁和水的更换操作。氢燃料电池9和超安电池盒52可以为整体式，也可以为分体式，可以作为整体固化在手机上，也可以作为可拆卸部件使用。
带有水化氢化镁的能源系统的手机的工作原理是：水控制模块49中水经水控制模块与氢化镁模块之间的膜进入氢化镁模块63，水与氢化镁反应生成氢气和氢氧化镁。氢气经氢气接口60进入氢燃料电池，氢气经氢化镁模块与氢气控制模块之间的膜进入氢气控制模块51，膜具有单向性，只允许氢气从氢化镁模块进入氢气控制模块，膜也可以用微型阀门替代，微型阀门也为单向阀门，氢燃料电池中氢气与经空气进气口10进入的空气进行反应生成水，并产生电能供手机使用。产生的水经水接口61进入水控制模块49。氢化镁模块63中氢化镁完全转化为氢氧化镁后，通过将手机插入外部填充设备56进行更换。更换过程中，首先将手机插入外部填充设备56，自动定位夹紧设备59自动夹紧手机，手机对插针进行识别，当插针和插孔的密码相符时，手机上的密码锁58完成识别。当氢氧化镁抽完时才添加饱和氢化镁。具体抽出添加过程如下：首先通过氢化物更换插针62卸出氢化镁模块63中的氢氧化镁到外部填充设备，再通过氢化物更换插针62向氢化镁模块63中补充饱和的氢化镁。通过水添加插针53向水控制模块49补充水或抽出水控制模块49中多余的水。设置在外部填充设备56中的低温氢气吸收器吸收过程中伴随氢氧化镁的微量氢气。定期到营业服务网点更换外部填充设备56中的氢氧化镁，将氢氧化镁排出，然后再加入饱和氢化镁。
冬季时在水控制模块中添加氯化钙，水控制模块内形成2％防冻氯化钙水溶液，并在水控制模块出口设置反渗透膜。手机内可以设置手机蓄电池，手机蓄电池与燃料电池并联设置，根据用电电量通过智能控制调解用电供需，在满足手机正常使用情况下优先给手机蓄电池充电。手机蓄电池根据实际需要可大可小，手机蓄电池也可以使用外接电力蓄电。手机外部填充设备56的微型氢化镁更换系统与实施例2中氢化镁更换装置的结构和原理相同，由各部件结构微缩制造而成，氢化镁模块63正常使用温度一般不超过50℃，待机时间正常使用情况下为7天。
实施例5
柯来浦单元也可以应用于高温余热回收，例如活塞式发动机或燃气轮机，其结构形式做相应调整，变为复合式柯来浦单元。如图10所示，复合式柯来浦单元包括1级换热器81、2级换热器82、3级换热器83、4级换热器84、5级换热器85、压缩膨胀联合循环装置87、1号氢反应床组89、2号氢反应床组90、3号氢反应床组91、导热介质循环入口管路94、导热介质循环出口管路95。压缩膨胀联合循环装置设有工质压缩机86、工质膨胀机88、6号换热器93和7号换热器102。膨胀机92、工质压缩机86和工质膨胀机88同轴连接。导热介质循环入口管路94与1级换热器81的加热介质导热介质循环入口连接，1级换热器81依次通过2级换热器82、3级换热器83、4级换热器84和5级换热器85与导热介质循环出口管路95连接。1级换热器81与1号氢反应床组89循环连接，2级换热器82与2号氢反应床组90循环连接，3级换热器83与3号氢反应床组91循环连接，膨胀机92与4级换热器84循环连接，5级换热器85与6号换热器93循环连接，6号换热器93与7号换热器102连接，7号换热器102向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热。1号氢反应床组89、2号氢反应床组90和3号氢反应床组91与膨胀机92循环连接，膨胀机92与6号换热器93循环连接，6号换热器93连接到工质压缩机86入口，工质膨胀机88出口连接到6号换热器。1号氢反应床组与2号氢反应床组循环连接，2号氢反应床组与3号氢反应床组循环连接，3号氢反应床组与6号换热器循环连接。循环连接均为导热介质热流管线。每个氢反应床组为6个氢反应床，其结构和运行方式如实施例1。
利用活塞式内燃机或燃气轮机600℃的尾气余热发电。600℃的尾气余热通过导热介质热流管线依次连接1号氢反应床组89、2号氢反应床组90和3号氢反应床组91，利用其高温余热部分发电，机械效率达到尾气余热量的60％左右。然后再通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置87，利用尾气的低温余热部分继续做功发电，将尾气中35℃以上的热量全部利用，机械效率可达尾气余热量的15％左右。35℃以上的低温余热来自三部分，一是整个活塞式内燃机 或燃气轮机及尾气系统充分保温，收集所有的热量，二是柯来浦装置中氢反应床组和膨胀机的散热，三是3号氢反应床组60℃时的吸氢放热。采用以上柯来浦复合式装置利用余热的机械效率可以达到尾气余热量的75％左右。
复合式柯来浦单元的工作过程：
1、600℃的尾气经过1级换热器，将热量带入并加热1号氢反应床组，产生500℃、35MPa的高温高压氢气进入膨胀机92做功，做功后的350℃、2MPa的低压氢气，进入1号氢反应床组吸氢放热。
2、1级换热器出口的510℃尾气经过2级换热器，将热量带入并加热2号氢反应床组，同时将1号氢反应床组吸氢放出的热量，也收集汇入到2号氢反应床组，产生350℃、35MPa的高压氢气进入膨胀机92做功，做功后的200℃、2MPa的低压氢气，进入2号氢反应床组吸氢放热。
3、2级换热器出口的350℃尾气经过3级换热器，将热量带入并加热3号氢反应床组，同时将2号氢反应床组吸氢放出的热量，也收集汇入到3号氢反应床组，产生200℃、35MPa的高压氢气进入膨胀机92做功，做功后的60℃、2MPa的低压氢气，进入3号氢反应床组吸氢放热。膨胀机92分为三组叶片，每组叶片可以多级，每组进出口压力相同，温度不同，允许每组叶片中均有多级抽头与4级换热器84进行换热，以提高做功效率。
4、通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置87，利用35℃以上的低温余热部分继续做功发电，将尾气中35℃以上的热量全部利用。35℃以上的低温余热来自三部分，一是整个活塞式内燃机或燃气轮机及尾气系统充分保温，收集所有的热量，二是柯来浦装置中氢反应床组和膨胀机92的散热，三是3号氢反应床组60℃时的吸氢放热。经过6号换热器93将以上三部分热量带入并加热工质到不低于35℃，加热后的工质经工质压缩机86压缩到220℃，2MPa，工质压缩机86的动力来自膨胀机92，利用膨胀机92全部的动力用于带动工质压缩机86，然后经工质膨胀机88做功，工质膨胀机88出口温度为35℃，压力0.1MPa，然后工质进入7号换热器102向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热，温度降为不高于20℃，然后进入6号换热器93，循环做功。工质为二氧化碳或其他有机化合物。也可以根据工质不同和环境温度不同选择部分利用膨胀机92的动力带动工质压缩机86运行，只要满足能将一定温度以上的热量全部都用于做功即可，膨胀机92的另一部分动力以轴功形式输出。
将复合式柯来浦单元与燃气轮机组合，与燃气轮机共轴，如图11所示，成为燃气轮机的有机组成部分，使燃气轮机的机械效率达到85％左右，复合式柯来浦单元也可以与活塞式发动机共轴组合，也可以利用任何形式的余热，也可以与燃气轮机或活塞式发动机等非共 轴组合。
实施例6
本发明第六种实施方式如图12所示，为第二种组合式柯来浦单元，包括氢反应床103、初级换热器104、次级换热器105、终级换热器106、膨胀机92、压缩膨胀联合循环装置87、60℃发电厂乏汽管路和60℃热水管路。压缩膨胀联合循环装置设有工质压缩机86、工质膨胀机88、6号换热器93和7号换热器102，膨胀机、工质压缩机和工质膨胀机轴连接。60℃发电厂乏汽管路依次通过初级换热器、次级换热器和终级换热器连接到60℃热水管路，60℃热水管路连接到电厂锅炉。氢反应床的氢气出口连接到膨胀机的入口，膨胀机的出口连接到氢反应床的氢气入口。初级换热器与氢反应床循环连接，次级换热器与膨胀机的中段循环连接，终级换热器与6号换热器循环连接，氢反应床与6号换热器循环连接，6号换热器连接到工质压缩机入口，工质膨胀机出口连接到7号换热器，6号换热器与7号换热器连接，7号换热器102向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热。
柯来浦单元也可以应用于低温余热回收，例如发电厂60℃的乏汽冷凝热，其结构形式做相应调整，变为复合式柯来浦单元。如图12所示，利用发电厂60℃的乏汽冷凝热发电。60℃的乏汽冷凝热通过初级换热器104的导热介质热流管线连接氢反应床103，利用其冷凝热发电，发电效率达到15％左右，冷凝后60℃热水返回电厂发生蒸汽。然后再通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置87，利用乏汽冷凝水的低温余热部分继续做功发电，将工质中35℃以上的热量全部利用，利用效率可达32％左右。35℃以上的低温余热来自三部分，一是整个乏汽余热发电系统充分保温，收集所有的热量，二是柯来浦单元中氢反应床和膨胀机的散热，三是35℃时氢反应床103的吸氢放热。采用以上复合式柯来浦装置利用余热的效率可以达到47％左右。复合式柯来浦单元的工作过程如下：1、发电厂60℃的乏汽经过初级换热器，将冷凝热带入并加热氢反应床，产生60℃、0.5MPa的带压氢气进入膨胀机92做功，做功过程中的低温氢气由次级换热器105再热提升做功能力，做功后的35℃、0.1MPa的低压氢气，进入氢反应床吸氢放热。2、通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置，利用35℃以上的低温余热部分继续做功发电，将工质中35℃以上的热量全部利用。35℃以上的低温余热来自三部分，一是整个乏汽余热发电系统充分保温，收集所有的热量，二是柯来浦装置中氢反应床和膨胀机的散热，三是35℃时氢反应床103的吸氢放热。工质为二氧化碳。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种水化氢化镁的能源系统，包括氢化镁储罐(15)、柯来浦单元(5)和蓄电池(6)，所述蓄电池与柯来浦单元电路连接，所述氢化镁储罐设有热介质入口(16)、热介质出口(17)、添加抽出口(18)、氢气出口(33)和水入口(47)，其特征是：所述系统设有氢气缓冲及温度调节罐(1)、计量设备(69)、分子筛过滤器(2)、氢燃料电池(9)、空气进气口(10)、尾气净化器(48)、净气排放口(7)、水箱(12)、水泵(13)、流量计(14)和空气净化器(11)，所述氢燃料电池设有电力输出电缆(8)、空气入口、氢气入口、出水口和尾气出口；所述空气进气口通过空气净化器与空气入口连接，所述尾气出口通过尾气净化器与净气排放口连接；所述出水口连接到水箱(12)，分子筛过滤器的出水口连接到水箱，水箱与补水及调节水口(70)连接；所述水箱通过水泵(13)和流量计(14)连接到氢化镁储罐的水入口(47)，所述水入口(47)管路上设有过滤膜(96)，氢化镁储罐的氢气出口通过分子筛过滤器、氢气缓冲及温度调节罐和计量设备连接到氢燃料电池的氢气入口；所述氢化镁储罐的导热介质出口分为三路，一路通过导热介质管路(4)连接到分子筛过滤器夹套入口，一路通过导热介质管路(4)连接到柯来浦单元，一路通过导热介质管路(4)连接到蓄电池保温套，所述分子筛过滤器的夹套出口连接到氢化镁储罐的导热介质入口，柯来浦单元出口连接到氢化镁储罐的导热介质入口，蓄电池保温套出口连接到氢化镁储罐的导热介质入口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：氢燃料电池(9)被氢活塞式内燃机或氢燃气轮机代替，使用纯氧作为助燃气时，氢活塞式内燃机或氢燃气轮机从尾气出口排出的水和含氢的尾气通过水箱(12)和过滤膜(96)进入氢化镁储罐(15)；所述氢化镁储罐(15)中的氢化镁用金属镁代替，所述氢化镁储罐(15)中的氢化镁或金属镁水化后变成氢氧化镁或通过罐内加热变成氧化镁，或是以上两者的混合物，然后从氢化镁储罐内移出后，再加入饱和的氢化镁或金属镁；或者所述氢化镁储罐(15)中的氢化镁不与水反应，直接通过加热放出氢气后变成金属镁，金属镁从氢化镁储罐内移出后，再加入饱和的氢化镁；能与氢气结合形成金属氢化物或/和能与水反应放出氢气的金属都适用于这种方法，以上金属或以上金属任何比例的混合物，与其他物质结合形成的混合物也都适用于这种方法。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述氢化镁储罐(15)由罐体(38)的内壁和外壁构成，内壁和外壁之间形成换热夹层(37)，罐体的内部设有喷水管路(36)，罐体外壁的外部设有保温层(34)；所述罐体的一端设有压力传感器(35)、防爆阀(31)、氢气出口(33)、水入口(47)和温度传感器(32)，所述添加抽出口(18)位于罐体的另一端，添加抽出口设有带密码锁的截止阀(39)；所述罐体(38)为金属材料、非金 属材料或以上两者的组合材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述系统设有氢化镁更换装置，所述氢化镁更换装置包括分离罐(20)、氢氧化镁储罐(21)、余氢吸收单元(22)、真空罐(23)、保护气压缩机(25)、高压保护气罐(26)、氢化镁储罐(45)、供料器(46)、抽出计量仪(72)、添加计量仪(73)、加注枪驱动机构(75)和加注枪(19)；所述加注枪驱动机构设有外管(76)、内管(77)、密封圈(78)、过滤网(79)和锁紧法兰(80)；外管与保护气管路(27)连接，内管与添加-抽料共用管路(71)连接；所述加注枪驱动机构与加注枪连接，所述加注枪通过锁紧法兰与氢化镁储罐(15)的添加抽出口(18)密封连接；所述加注枪设有保护气入口和进料-出料口，所述进料-出料口通过添加-抽料共用管路(71)和抽出管路(28)连接到分离罐，分离罐的固体出口通过抽出计量仪连接到氢氧化镁储罐，分离罐的气体出口通过余氢吸收单元连接到真空罐，所述真空罐通过单向阀(24)和保护气压缩机连接到高压保护气罐；所述高压保护气罐出口分为两路，一路连接到供料器，一路连接通过保护气管路(27)到加注枪的保护气入口；所述氢化镁储罐通过供料器、添加计量仪、添加管路(29)和添加-抽料共用管路(71)连接到加注枪的进料-出料口。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：氢氧化镁储罐中的氢氧化镁运至再生单元，将氢氧化镁变成氢化镁，再运回使用，再生利用清洁能源的调峰电力进行金属镁的电解再生和加氢再生；所述水化氢化镁的能源系统应用于移动设备、交通设备、固定设备、家用设备、厨房灶具、发电设备、服装鞋类、动力设备或建筑设备，依据应用场景不同，系统结构尺寸进行放大或者缩小；或者所述系统采用重力输送、机械输送、气力输送、真空输送、液力输送、电磁输送的方法或它们的组合，更换氢化镁和氢氧化镁，或更换氢化镁和氧化镁，或更换氢化镁和氢氧化镁-氧化镁的混合物，或更换金属镁和氢氧化镁，或更换金属镁和氧化镁，或更换金属镁和氢氧化镁-氧化镁的混合物，或更换氢化镁和金属镁，或更换能与氢气结合形成金属氢化物或/和能与水反应放出氢气的金属或该金属与其他物质的混合物与该金属和其他物质的混合物的氢氧化物或/和氧化物。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述能源系统安装在汽车，所述汽车设有释能单元(40)、轮毂电机(41)、人工操控台(42)、中央控制器(43)和电机驱动单元(44)；所述氢燃料电池通过电力输出电缆(8)与电机驱动单元电路连接，所述人工操控台通过中央控制器与电机驱动单元电路连接，所述轮毂电机、蓄电池与电机驱动单元电路连接；释能单元(40)的氢燃料电池(9)产生的电能和柯来浦单元产生的电力根据汽车实际运行工况通过电缆输送到电机驱动单元(44)或蓄电池(6)进行蓄电，电机驱动单 元驱动汽车行驶；行驶过程中刹车或减速时轮毂电机(41)回收的电储存到蓄电池，作为补充电力；氢化镁储罐的导热介质为氮气、导热油、二氧化碳或热稳定物质，导热介质出口一路连接柯来浦单元，一路连接分子筛过滤器夹套入口，一路连接蓄电池保温套入口，使蓄电池在冬季时能工作，还有一路连接汽车空调系统，用于冬季采暖。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述系统包括手机(57)和外部填充设备(56)，所述手机包括氢燃料电池(9)、超安电池盒(52)和密码锁(58)，所述外部填充设备设有水添加插针(53)、氢化物更换插针(62)、自动定位夹紧设备(59)、微型氢化镁更换系统、水添加/抽出系统、低温氢气吸收器及智能管理系统；所述氢燃料电池设有空气进气口(10)、净气排放口(7)和超安电池盒接口模块(54)，氢燃料电池与超安电池盒接口模块(54)连接；所述超安电池盒中设有氢气控制模块(51)、氢化镁模块(63)和水控制模块(49)；所述超安电池盒接口模块通过氢气接口(60)与氢气控制模块(51)连接，通过水接口(61)与水控制模块连接；所述水控制模块设有水插孔(50)，所述氢化镁模块设有氢化物更换插孔，所述水控制模块通过水插孔(50)与水添加插针连接，所述氢化镁模块通过氢化物更换插孔与氢化物更换插针连接；手机内设置手机蓄电池，手机蓄电池与燃料电池并联或串联设置；水控制模块(49)中水经水控制模块与氢化镁模块之间的膜进入氢化镁模块(63)，水与氢化镁反应生成氢气和氢氧化镁；氢气经氢气接口(60)进入氢燃料电池，氢气经氢化镁模块与氢气控制模块之间的膜进入氢气控制模块(51)，膜具有单向性，只允许氢气从氢化镁模块进入氢气控制模块，或者膜用微型单向阀门替代，氢燃料电池中氢气与经空气进气口(10)进入的空气进行反应生成水，并产生电能供手机使用；产生的水经水接口(61)进入水控制模块(49)；氢化镁模块(63)中氢化镁完全转化为氢氧化镁后，通过将手机插入外部填充设备(56)进行更换；或者手机蓄电池使用外接电力蓄电；手机外部填充设备(56)的微型氢化镁更换系统与氢化镁更换装置的结构和原理相同，由各部件结构微缩制造而成，氢化镁模块(63)正常使用温度范围为-40～100℃。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述柯来浦单元包括膨胀机(64)、发电机(65)、氢气热压缩设备(67)和中间再热器(68)；所述膨胀机出口通过氢气热压缩设备连接到膨胀机入口，所述膨胀机与发电机轴连接，所述发电机与外部电力系统电路连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述氢气热压缩设备(67)采用多级梯级利用模式，每个梯级可以由多个反应床组成，所述反应床内装载金属储氢材料，包括但不限于稀土系金属氢化物；低压氢气由低压氢气入口进入反应床，低压氢气被储氢材 料吸收形成金属氢化物，对完成吸氢后的金属氢化物加热放出高压氢气；每一个反应床的运行模式采用内部金属氢化物直接抽出更换模式，或采用间接换热模式，反应床内金属氢化物主要以稀土为主，从而使柯来浦单元内部的氢气通过导热介质循环管路(66)带入的热量加热升压后进入膨胀机(64)做功，带动发电机(65)发电。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：柯来浦单元应用于高温余热回收为复合式柯来浦单元，所述复合式柯来浦单元包括1级换热器(81)、2级换热器(82)、3级换热器(83)、4级换热器(84)、5级换热器(85)、1号氢反应床组(89)、2号氢反应床组(90)、3号氢反应床组(91)、膨胀机(92)、压缩膨胀联合循环装置(87)、导热介质循环入口管路(94)和导热介质循环出口管路(95)；所述压缩膨胀联合循环装置设有工质压缩机(86)、工质膨胀机(88)、6号换热器(93)和7号换热器(102)，所述膨胀机、工质压缩机和工质膨胀机同轴连接，也可以不同轴连接；工质压缩机与工质膨胀机依次与7号换热器和6号换热器循环连接，所述7号换热器向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热；所述导热介质循环入口管路(94)与1级换热器(81)的导热介质循环入口连接，1级换热器依次通过2级换热器、3级换热器、4级换热器和5级换热器与导热介质循环出口管路(95)连接；所述1级换热器(81)与1号氢反应床组(89)循环连接，所述2级换热器(82)与2号氢反应床组(90)循环连接，所述3级换热器(83)与3号氢反应床组(91)循环连接，所述膨胀机(92)与4级换热器(84)循环连接，所述5级换热器与6号换热器循环连接，所述6号换热器与7号换热器连接；所述1号氢反应床组、2号氢反应床组和3号氢反应床组与膨胀机循环连接，所述膨胀机与6号换热器循环连接，所述6号换热器连接到工质压缩机入口，所述工质膨胀机出口连接到7号换热器；所述1号氢反应床组与2号氢反应床组循环连接，所述2号氢反应床组与3号氢反应床组循环连接，所述3号氢反应床组与6号换热器循环连接，6号换热器与7号换热器连接；如果初始余热温度高于或低于600℃，增加或减少氢反应床组的级数和个数；利用活塞式内燃机或燃气轮机600℃的尾气余热发电；600℃的尾气余热通过导热介质热流管线依次连接1号氢反应床组(89)、2号氢反应床组(90)和3号氢反应床组(91)；然后再通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置(87)，利用尾气的低温余热部分继续做功发电，将尾气中35℃以上的热量全部利用；膨胀机(92)分为一组以上叶片，每组叶片可以一级以上，每组叶片中至少一个抽头与最后一级换热器进行换热；通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置(87)，利用-50～100℃之间的低温余热部分继续做功发电；选定温度以上的低温余热来自三部分，一是整个活塞式内燃机或燃气轮机及尾气系统充分保温，收集所有的热量，二是柯来浦装置中氢反应床组和膨胀机(92)的散热，三是最后一级氢反应床组的吸 氢放热；经过6号换热器(93)将以上三部分热量带入并加热工质到不低于选定温度，加热后的工质经工质压缩机(86)加压升温后，工质压缩机(86)的动力来自膨胀机(92)，利用膨胀机(92)全部或部分的动力用于带动工质压缩机(86)，然后经工质膨胀机(88)做功，工质膨胀机(88)出口温度为高于或等于选定温度，压力高于或等于0.1MPa，然后工质进入7号换热器(102)向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热，温度降为不高于环境温度或冷却水温度，然后进入6号换热器(93)，循环做功；工质为二氧化碳或其他有机化合物；选择部分利用膨胀机(92)的动力带动工质压缩机(86)运行，膨胀机(92)的另一部分动力以轴功形式输出。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述释能单元和用能单元单独使用或一起使用，用于固定设备、移动设备、交通设备或家用设备；更换装置置于固定场所或安装于移动装置上；所述氢化镁储罐(15)有至少两种更换方法：第一种方法是整体更换氢化镁储罐，新更换的储罐内装有吸氢达到饱和的氢化镁；第二种方法是更换氢化镁储罐内的已经使用过的氢化镁，换上饱和的氢化镁。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：冬季时在水箱中添加适合循环防冻系统的一种或多种一定比例的无机物或有机物或它们的混合物，水箱内形成一定浓度的防冻水溶液，并在水箱出口设置过滤膜，使这些无机物或有机物或它们的混合物始终保留在水箱内，透过膜后的软水进入氢化镁储罐，从而防止水系统的冬季低温防冻问题；如果水箱和氢化镁储罐之间的管道里面有多余的氢气，保证氢气通过过滤膜，进入氢化镁储罐中；所述尾气净化器(48)由NO/O3催化还原器、活性炭吸附器、CO/VOC氧化器和颗粒物离子吸附器四个模块组成，所述NO/O3催化还原器、活性炭吸附器、CO/VOC氧化器和颗粒物离子吸附器依次连接。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：能源系统应用于鞋类的动力系统，衣服的温度调节系统，电动汽车的充电续航在电动汽车运行或停止过程中依据电池需要慢充或快充；所述能源系统的氢化镁物流采用智能网络化运营模式，同时在更换氢化镁时为交通设备的使用者提供物品的物流配送。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述能源系统设有复合式柯来浦单元，包括氢反应床(103)、初级换热器(104)、次级换热器(105)、终级换热器(106)、膨胀机(92)、压缩膨胀联合循环装置(87)、60℃发电厂乏汽管路和60℃热水管路；所述压缩膨胀联合循环装置设有工质压缩机(86)、工质膨胀机(88)、6号换热器(93)和7号换热器(102)，所述膨胀机、工质压缩机和工质膨胀机轴连接；60℃发电厂乏汽管路依次通 过初级换热器、次级换热器和终级换热器连接到60℃热水管路；所述氢反应床的氢气出口连接到膨胀机的入口，所述膨胀机的出口连接到氢反应床的氢气入口；所述初级换热器与氢反应床循环连接，所述次级换热器与膨胀机的中段循环连接，所述终级换热器与6号换热器循环连接，氢反应床与6号换热器循环连接，6号换热器连接到工质压缩机入口，工质膨胀机出口连接到7号换热器，6号换热器与7号换热器连接，7号换热器向外界环境散热或向冷却水中散热；发电厂的乏汽经过初级换热器，将冷凝热带入并加热氢反应床，产生具有温度和压力的带压氢气进入膨胀机(92)做功，做功过程中的低温氢气由次级换热器(105)再热提升做功能力，做功后的低温低压氢气，进入氢反应床吸氢放热；通过压缩膨胀联合循环装置，利用-50～100℃之间的低温余热部分继续做功发电，将尾气中选定温度以上的热量全部利用。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述水化氢化镁的能源系统，其特征是：所述柯来浦单元中氢气热压缩设备(67)中金属氢化物通过导热介质流体在放氢压力下携带热量直接进入氢反应床中，所述导热介质流体为气体、液体，所述气体为氢气、一氧化碳、甲烷、氮气、二氧化碳、氩气、氦气、氖气的还原性或惰性气体，允许使用上述气体的超临界状态，所述液体为导热油、高分子有机溶剂；当金属氢化物需要加热高压放氢时，首先将导热介质流体加压到放氢压力，然后利用导热介质循环管路(66)加热到放氢温度，再直接泵入氢气热压缩设备(67)，加热金属氢化物并提供热量，使金属氢化物实现快速升温高压放氢，每个氢反应床中金属氢化物高压放出的氢气出口上设有耐高温高压过滤膜，仅允许氢气流出，导热介质流体通过旁路与导热介质循环管路(66)循环连接，也可以进入下一级氢气热压缩设备的放氢过程；当金属氢化物需要降温低压吸氢时，首先将导热介质流体加压到吸氢压力，然后直接泵入氢气热压缩设备(67)冷却金属氢化物到放氢温度同时移走吸氢过程中的放热，以上热量传递给上一级氢反应床组或同级内氢反应床或导热介质循环管路(66)，使金属氢化物实现快速降温低压吸氢；氢气热压缩设备也可以采用电阻加热、感应加热、电磁加热、电弧加热、辐射加热的加热方式；对于复合式柯来浦单元同样适用。
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