WO2019119971A1 - 电机转子和永磁电机 - Google Patents

电机转子和永磁电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019119971A1
WO2019119971A1 PCT/CN2018/112310 CN2018112310W WO2019119971A1 WO 2019119971 A1 WO2019119971 A1 WO 2019119971A1 CN 2018112310 W CN2018112310 W CN 2018112310W WO 2019119971 A1 WO2019119971 A1 WO 2019119971A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
motor
magnetic
rotor
electric machine
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/112310
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董明珠
胡余生
陈彬
周博
王敏
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Priority to US16/755,115 priority Critical patent/US11177707B2/en
Priority to EP18891229.9A priority patent/EP3675329B1/en
Publication of WO2019119971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019119971A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H02K1/2773—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and in particular relates to a motor rotor and a permanent magnet motor.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a motor rotor and a permanent magnet motor, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of charging and demagnetizing, increase the magnetic tuning range of the motor, and improve the operating efficiency of the motor when the magnetization is controlled.
  • the present invention provides a motor rotor including a rotor core and a plurality of magnetic poles disposed in the rotor core, the magnetic poles including a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, and a third permanent magnet, the first permanent magnet Positioned at a central position of the magnetic pole where it is located, the second permanent magnet is disposed on both sides of the first permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet is disposed on a side of the second permanent magnet away from the first permanent magnet, and the coercive force of the first permanent magnet Less than the coercive force of the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet, the third permanent magnet is disposed on the q-axis of the motor, and in the cross section of the rotor core, the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet
  • the dimensional relationship between the two satisfies m/2>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)
  • the motor tuning range multiple m is obtained by the following formula:
  • Br1 is the remanence of the first permanent magnet
  • Br2 is the remanence of the second permanent magnet
  • Br3 is the remanence of the third permanent magnet.
  • the angle ⁇ between the side of the second permanent magnet adjacent to the side of the first permanent magnet and the d-axis of the motor satisfies 10° ⁇ 20°.
  • the rotor of the motor further comprises a central rotating shaft
  • the rotor core further comprises a central shaft hole
  • the central rotating shaft is disposed in the central shaft hole
  • the radial inner side of the second permanent magnet and/or the third permanent magnet is provided with a magnetic isolation groove
  • the radially outer side of the third permanent magnet is provided with a slit extending from the outer circumference of the rotor core to the radially outer side surface of the third permanent magnet, and the width L7 of the slit satisfies 0.5H3 ⁇ L7 ⁇ 0.8H3.
  • a radially outer outer circumference of the third permanent magnet is provided with a groove which is adjacent to a radially outer apex of the d-axis of the motor and a center of the rotor core
  • the angle between the q-axis of the motor where the third permanent magnet is located is ⁇ 1, the mechanical angle of the magnetic pole is ⁇ 2, and 5% ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10% ⁇ 2.
  • the second permanent magnet is disposed at one end of the motor q-axis with a magnetic isolation groove, the magnetic isolation groove is located radially inward of the third permanent magnet, and the first permanent magnetic bridge is disposed between the third permanent magnet and the magnetic isolation groove.
  • a second magnetic bridge is formed between the adjacent two magnetic isolation slots, and a Y-shaped structure is formed between the first magnetic isolation bridge and the second magnetic isolation bridge.
  • the radial width L5 of the first magnetic isolation bridge is L5 ⁇ 0.7 mm; and/or the relationship between the circumferential widths L6 and L5 of the second magnetic isolation bridge satisfies L5 ⁇ L6 ⁇ 1.6L5.
  • a permanent magnet motor including a motor rotor, which is the motor rotor described above.
  • the motor rotor provided by the present invention comprises a rotor core and a plurality of magnetic poles disposed in the rotor core, the magnetic poles comprising a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet and a third permanent magnet, the first permanent magnet being disposed at a magnetic pole thereof a central position, the second permanent magnet is disposed on two sides of the first permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet is disposed on a side of the second permanent magnet away from the first permanent magnet, the coercive force of the first permanent magnet is smaller than the second permanent magnet and The coercive force of the third permanent magnet, the third permanent magnet is disposed on the q-axis of the motor, and the dimensional relationship between the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet satisfies m in the cross section of the rotor core /2>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]>m/10; where m is the motor tuning range multiple
  • H3 is the width of the third permanent magnet
  • Hcj3 is the intrinsic coercive force of the third permanent magnet.
  • the third permanent magnet is disposed on the q-axis of the motor, the q-axis reluctance of the motor can be increased to ensure the inductance Ld>Lq, and the motor operating efficiency is optimized under the state of magnetization. Since the relationship between the size of the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet and the magnetic modulating range is defined, a small charging and demagnetizing current design can be ensured within the required magnetic modulating range. Further improve the operating efficiency of the motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotor of a motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a first size structural view of a rotor of a motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a second structural view of a rotor of a motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the size structure of a rotor of a motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Rotor core 2. First permanent magnet; 3. Second permanent magnet; 4. Third permanent magnet; 5. Center shaft hole; 6. Center shaft; 7. Magnetic isolation groove; , groove; 10, the first magnetic bridge; 11, the second magnetic bridge.
  • a motor rotor includes a rotor core 1 and a plurality of magnetic poles disposed in the rotor core 1, the magnetic poles including a first permanent magnet 2, a second permanent magnet 3, and a third permanent magnet 4, the first permanent magnet 2 is disposed at a central position of the magnetic pole where it is located, the second permanent magnet 3 is disposed at two sides of the first permanent magnet 2, and the third permanent magnet 4 is disposed at the second permanent magnet 3 away from the first permanent magnet 3 On one side of a permanent magnet 2, the coercive force of the first permanent magnet 2 is smaller than the coercive force of the second permanent magnet 3 and the third permanent magnet 4, and the third permanent magnet 4 is disposed on the q-axis of the motor at the rotor core In the cross section of 1, the dimensional relationship between the first permanent magnet 2, the second permanent magnet 3, and the third permanent magnet 4 satisfies m/2>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+
  • L2 is the length of the second permanent magnet 3
  • H2 is the width of the second permanent magnet 3
  • Hcj2 is the intrinsic coercive force of the second permanent magnet 3
  • H3 is the The width of the three permanent magnets 4 Hcj3 is the intrinsic coercive force of the third permanent magnet 4.
  • the rotor of the motor adopts magnetization control in the motor control logic, and the magnetic steel with lower coercive force during the whole operation process is in the state of magnetic preservation, and the problem of magnetic flux change does not occur, because the first permanent magnet 2 with low coercive force is located.
  • the magnetic pole center position of the magnetic pole of the first permanent magnet 2 can reduce the difficulty of charging and demagnetizing the motor, greatly reduce the magnitude of the magnetizing current and the demagnetizing current of the permanent magnet, and reduce the controller cost. Since the third permanent magnet 4 is disposed on the q-axis of the motor, the q-axis reluctance of the motor can be increased to ensure the inductance Ld>Lq, and the motor operating efficiency is optimized under the state of magnetization.
  • variable flux motor is affected by the control accuracy during the conventional driving process, and the problem of demagnetization of the low-coercive permanent magnet may occur. Therefore, the motor design adopts the magnetization-driven design; however, in order to ensure the motor efficiency under the control of the magnetization in the normal operation of the motor, the motor design is Ld>Lq, so the structure of each permanent magnet is designed as a W-shaped structure, and The third permanent magnet 4 with higher coercive force is arranged on the q-axis to increase the q-axis magnetic resistance, and the inductance Ld>Lq is ensured to ensure the optimal operating efficiency of the motor in the state of magnetization.
  • the third permanent magnet 4 itself is symmetrical about the motor q in which it is located, so that the q-axis magnetic resistance distribution in the adjacent magnetic poles is uniform, so that the magnetic lines in the motor are evenly distributed, thereby effectively improving the operating efficiency and operational stability of the motor. .
  • the first permanent magnet 2 is rectangular, and in the cross section of the rotor core 1, the first permanent magnet 2 is arranged in a line shape in the circumferential direction, and the first permanent magnet 2 is perpendicular to the first permanent magnet 2
  • the d-axis of the magnetic pole is located, so that the structural design of the first permanent magnet 2 can be made more reasonable, the volume occupation of the first permanent magnet 2 in the radial direction of the rotor is reduced, and the second permanent magnet 3 with higher coercive force is increased.
  • the amount of permanent magnets increases the torque and power density of the motor, and at the same time reduces the charge and demagnetization current of the motor when the magnetic field is adjusted, reduces the difficulty of charging and demagnetizing the motor, and realizes real-time synchronous adjustment of the internal magnetic field of the motor.
  • the motor tuning range multiple m is obtained by the following formula:
  • Br1 is the remanence of the first permanent magnet 2
  • Br2 is the remanence of the second permanent magnet 3
  • Br3 is the remanence of the third permanent magnet 4.
  • the magnitude of the charge and discharge current can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively reducing the cost of the control module.
  • the value of m is 1.5, 0.75>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]>0.15, so that the design of the charging and demagnetizing current is reasonable, such as the cost of the control module is not If the upper limit is required and the frequency modulation requirement is met, the value of m can be set to 5, and the size relationship range can be relaxed to 2.5>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]> 0.5 or even higher.
  • the width relationship of the first permanent magnet 2, the second permanent magnet 3, and the third permanent magnet 4 satisfies: 1.5H2 ⁇ H1 ⁇ 2H2; and/or 0.8H3 ⁇ H1 ⁇ H3, so that the widths of the second permanent magnet 3 and the third permanent magnet 4 can have a good proportional relationship with the width of the first permanent magnet 2, ensuring the motor Has good running performance.
  • the angle ⁇ between the side of the second permanent magnet 3 close to the side of the first permanent magnet 2 and the d-axis of the motor satisfies 10° ⁇ 20°, thereby ensuring that the operating efficiency and torque ripple of the motor can be achieved. Optimal effect.
  • the motor rotor further comprises a central rotating shaft 6, the rotor core 1 further comprising a central shaft hole 5, the central rotating shaft 6 being disposed in the central shaft hole 5, the radially inner side of the second permanent magnet 3 and/or the third permanent magnet 4 a magnetic isolation groove 7 is provided.
  • the minimum distance L4 between the radially inner side of the magnetic flux shielding groove 7 and the side wall of the central shaft hole 5 satisfies 0.1 L2 ⁇ L4 ⁇ 0.3 L2;
  • the minimum distance L4 between the radially inner side of the magnetic flux barrier 7 and the side wall of the center shaft hole 5 satisfies 0.3 L2 ⁇ L4 ⁇ 0.7 L2.
  • the radially outer side of the third permanent magnet 4 is provided with a radially outer side extending from the outer circumference of the rotor core 1 to the third permanent magnet 4.
  • the slit 8 has a width L7 of the slit 8 which satisfies 0.5H3 ⁇ L7 ⁇ 0.8H3.
  • the width L7 of the slit 8 is smaller than the width H3 of the third permanent magnet 4, it is still ensured that the third permanent magnet 4 is stably held in the rotor core 1 and the third permanent magnet 4 is prevented from coming out of the slit 8. .
  • the magnetic pole 7 is disposed at one end of the second permanent magnet 3 near the q-axis of the motor, and the magnetic isolation slot 7 is located radially inward of the third permanent magnet 4, and the third permanent magnet 4 and the magnetic isolation slot 7 have the same
  • a magnetic isolation bridge 10 forms a second magnetic isolation bridge 11 between the adjacent two magnetic isolation slots 7, and a Y-shaped structure is formed between the first magnetic isolation bridge 10 and the second magnetic isolation bridge 11.
  • Designing a magnetic bridge between the second permanent magnet 3 and the third permanent magnet 4 can improve the internal structural strength of the rotor core 1, but the magnetic bridge can increase the magnetic flux leakage of the permanent magnet, so the structure of the magnetic isolation bridge is required. optimize.
  • the magnetic bridge between the third permanent magnet 4 and the second permanent magnet 3 on both sides thereof as a Y-shaped magnetic isolation structure, the magnetic flux leakage of the permanent magnet can be effectively reduced, and the working performance of the motor can be improved.
  • the radial width L5 of the first magnetic isolation bridge 10 is L5 ⁇ 0.7 mm; and/or the relationship between the circumferential widths L6 and L5 of the second magnetic isolation bridge 11 satisfies L5 ⁇ L6 ⁇ 1.6L5.
  • FIG. 4 in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, it is substantially identical to the second embodiment, except that in the present embodiment, the slot 8 is no longer designed, but in the rotor core 1
  • the outer circumference of the rotor on the radially outer side of the third permanent magnet 4 is provided with a groove 9 which is adjacent to the radially outer apex of the d-axis of the motor and the center of the rotor core 1 and the third permanent
  • the angle between the q-axis of the motor where the magnet 4 is located is ⁇ 1, the mechanical angle of the magnetic pole is ⁇ 2, and 5% ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10% ⁇ 2.
  • a magnetic bridge structure is formed between the groove bottom of the groove 9 and the radially outer side of the third permanent magnet 4.
  • the q-axis reluctance can be further increased, and the reluctance torque can be increased without affecting the main magnetic circuit, thereby effectively ensuring the efficiency of the motor.
  • the permanent magnet machine comprises a motor rotor, which is the motor rotor described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

一种电机转子和永磁电机。该电机转子包括转子铁芯（1）和设置在转子铁芯（1）内的多个磁极，磁极包括第一永磁体（2）、第二永磁体（3）和第三永磁体（4），在转子铁芯（1）的横截面上，第一永磁体（2）、第二永磁体（3）和第三永磁体（4）之间的尺寸关系满足m/2＞H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]＞m/10；其中m为电机调磁范围倍数，L1为第一永磁体（2）的长度，H1为第一永磁体（2）的宽度，Hcj1为第一永磁体（2）的内禀矫顽力，L2为第二永磁体（3）的长度，H2为第二永磁体（3）的宽度，Hcj2为第二永磁体（3）的内禀矫顽力，L3第三永磁体（4）的长度，H3为第三永磁体（4）的宽度，Hcj3为第三永磁体（4）的内禀矫顽力。该电机转子，能够有效降低充退磁难度，增加电机调磁范围，提高电机处于增磁控制时的运行效率。

Description

电机转子和永磁电机
本申请要求于2017年12月21日提交中国专利局、申请号为201711388505.X、发明名称为“电机转子和永磁电机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于电机技术领域，具体涉及一种电机转子和永磁电机。
背景技术
传统永磁电机依靠永磁体提供磁通，但永磁体提供磁场固定，电机内部磁场难以调节，使永磁电机难以兼顾高频和低频时的效率。且在供电电源电压固定的情况下，限制了电机的最高运行频率。目前，大多永磁电机只能通过弱磁控制扩大运行范围，当电机处于增磁控制时，会降低电机的运行效率。
发明内容
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种电机转子和永磁电机，能够有效降低充退磁难度，增加电机调磁范围，提高电机处于增磁控制时的运行效率。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种电机转子，包括转子铁芯和设置在转子铁芯内的多个磁极，磁极包括第一永磁体、第二永磁体和第三永磁体，第一永磁体设置在其所在磁极的中心位置，第二永磁体设置在第一永磁体的两侧，第三永磁体设置在第二永磁体远离第一永磁体的一侧，第一永磁体的矫顽力小于第二永磁体和第三永磁体的矫顽力，第三永磁体设置在电机q轴上，在转子铁芯的横截面上，第一永磁体、第二永磁体和第三永磁体之间的尺寸关系满足m/2>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]>m/10；其中m为电机调磁范围倍数，L1为第一永磁体的长度，H1为第一永磁体的宽度，Hcj1为第一永磁体的内禀矫顽力，L2为第二永磁体的长度，H2为第二永磁体的宽度，Hcj2为第二永磁体的内禀矫顽力，L3第三永磁体的长度，H3为第三永磁体的宽度， Hcj3为第三永磁体的内禀矫顽力。
优选地，电机调磁范围倍数m由如下公式获取：
{[Br2*Hcj2*(2H2L2+H3L3)+Br1*Hcj1*H1L1]/[Br2*Hcj2*(2H2L2+H3L3)]}*Br2*(2H2L2+H3L3)/[Br2*(2H2L2+H3L3)-Br1*H1L1]＝m
其中，Br1为第一永磁体的剩磁，Br2为第二永磁体的剩磁，Br3为第三永磁体的剩磁。
3.根据权利要求1的电机转子，其特征在于，第一永磁体、第二永磁体和第三永磁体的宽度关系满足：1.5H2<H1<2H2；和/或，0.8H3≤H1≤H3。
优选地，第二永磁体靠近第一永磁体一侧的侧边与电机d轴之间的夹角θ满足10°<θ<20°。
优选地，电机转子还包括中心转轴，转子铁芯还包括中心轴孔，中心转轴设置在中心轴孔内，第二永磁体和/或第三永磁体的径向内侧设置有隔磁槽，当中心转轴为导磁轴时，隔磁槽的径向内侧边与中心轴孔的侧壁之间的最小距离L4满足0.1L2<L4<0.3L2；当中心转轴为非导磁轴时，隔磁槽的径向内侧边与中心轴孔的侧壁之间的最小距离L4满足0.3L2<L4<0.7L2。
优选地，第三永磁体的径向外侧设置有从转子铁芯的外圆延伸至第三永磁体的径向外侧面的切槽，切槽的宽度L7满足0.5H3≤L7≤0.8H3。
优选地，在转子铁芯的横截面上，第三永磁体径向外侧的转子外圆上设置有凹槽，凹槽靠近电机d轴的径向外侧顶点与转子铁芯的中心连线与该第三永磁体所在的电机q轴之间的夹角为θ1，磁极的机械角度为θ2，5％θ2<θ1<10％θ2。
优选地，第二永磁体靠近电机q轴的一端设置有隔磁槽，隔磁槽位于第三永磁体的径向内侧，第三永磁体与隔磁槽之间具有第一隔磁桥，相邻的两个隔磁槽之间形成第二隔磁桥，第一隔磁桥和第二隔磁桥之间形成Y形结构。
优选地，第一隔磁桥的径向宽度L5为L5<0.7mm；和/或，第二隔磁桥的周向宽度L6与L5之间的关系满足L5≤L6≤1.6L5。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种永磁电机，包括电机转子，该电机转子为上述的电机转子。
本发明提供的电机转子，包括转子铁芯和设置在转子铁芯内的多个磁极，磁极包括第一永磁体、第二永磁体和第三永磁体，第一永磁体设置在其所在磁极的中心位置，第二永磁体设置在第一永磁体的两侧，第三永磁体设置在第二永磁体远离第一永磁体的一侧，第一永磁体的矫顽力小于第二永磁体和第三永 磁体的矫顽力，第三永磁体设置在电机q轴上，在转子铁芯的横截面上，第一永磁体、第二永磁体和第三永磁体之间的尺寸关系满足m/2>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]>m/10；其中m为电机调磁范围倍数，L1为第一永磁体的长度，H1为第一永磁体的宽度，Hcj1为第一永磁体的内禀矫顽力，L2为第二永磁体的长度，H2为第二永磁体的宽度，Hcj2为第二永磁体的内禀矫顽力，L3第三永磁体的长度，H3为第三永磁体的宽度，Hcj3为第三永磁体的内禀矫顽力。该电机转子在电机运行时，矫顽力较低的磁钢一直运行在增磁状态，不会出现磁通变化的问题，由于矫顽力较低的第一永磁体位于该第一永磁体所在磁极的磁极中心位置，因此能够降低电机的充退磁难度，大幅度减小矫顽力较低永磁体充退磁电流大小，改善转子内部低矫顽力永磁体正常运行时的磁稳定性。由于第三永磁体设置在电机q轴上，因此可以增大电机q轴磁阻，保证电感Ld＞Lq，保证在增磁状态下电机运行效率最优。由于限定了合理的第一永磁体、第二永磁体和第三永磁体的尺寸与调磁范围之间的关系，因此可以在要求的调磁范围内，能够保证较小的充退磁电流设计，进一步改善电机的运行效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一实施例的电机转子的结构示意图；
图2为本发明第二实施例的电机转子的第一尺寸结构图；
图3为本发明第二实施例的电机转子的第二尺寸结构图；
图4为本发明第三实施例的电机转子的尺寸结构图。
附图标记表示为：
1、转子铁芯；2、第一永磁体；3、第二永磁体；4、第三永磁体；5、中心轴孔；6、中心转轴；7、隔磁槽；8、切槽；9、凹槽；10、第一隔磁桥；11、第二隔磁桥。
具体实施方式
结合参见图1至4所示，根据本发明的实施例，电机转子包括转子铁芯1和设置在转子铁芯1内的多个磁极，磁极包括第一永磁体2、第二永磁体3和第三永磁体4，第一永磁体2设置在其所在磁极的中心位置，第二永磁体3设 置在第一永磁体2的两侧，第三永磁体4设置在第二永磁体3远离第一永磁体2的一侧，第一永磁体2的矫顽力小于第二永磁体3和第三永磁体4的矫顽力，第三永磁体4设置在电机q轴上，在转子铁芯1的横截面上，第一永磁体2、第二永磁体3和第三永磁体4之间的尺寸关系满足m/2>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]>m/10；其中m为电机调磁范围倍数，L1为第一永磁体2的长度，H1为第一永磁体2的宽度，Hcj1为第一永磁体2的内禀矫顽力，L2为第二永磁体3的长度，H2为第二永磁体3的宽度，Hcj2为第二永磁体3的内禀矫顽力，L3第三永磁体4的长度，H3为第三永磁体4的宽度，Hcj3为第三永磁体4的内禀矫顽力。
该电机转子在电机控制逻辑采用增磁控制，整个运行过程矫顽力较低的磁钢处于保磁状态，不会出现磁通变化的问题，由于矫顽力较低的第一永磁体2位于该第一永磁体2所在磁极的磁极中心位置，因此能够降低电机的充退磁难度，大幅度减小矫顽力较低永磁体充退磁电流大小，降低控制器成本。由于第三永磁体4设置在电机q轴上，因此可以增大电机q轴磁阻，保证电感Ld＞Lq，保证在增磁状态下电机运行效率最优。由于限定了合理的第一永磁体2、第二永磁体3和第三永磁体4的尺寸与调磁范围之间的关系，因此可以在要求的调磁范围内，能够保证较小的充退磁电流设计，进一步改善电机的运行效率。
可变磁通电机在采用常规驱动过程中受控制精度的影响，可能出现低矫顽力永磁体退磁的问题。因此电机设计采用增磁驱动设计；但为保证电机在正常运行中保证其在增磁控制下时的电机效率，电机设计Ld>Lq，因此将每极永磁体的结构设计为W型结构，并在q轴上设置矫顽力较高的第三永磁体4，以增加q轴磁阻，保证电感Ld＞Lq，保证在增磁状态下电机运行效率最优。
优选地，第三永磁体4自身关于其所在的电机q轴对称，可以使相邻的磁极内q轴磁阻分布均匀，从而使得电机内磁力线分布均匀，有效提高电机的运行效率和运行稳定性。
优选地，第一永磁体2为矩形，且在转子铁芯1的横截面上，第一永磁体2沿周向方向呈一字型排布，第一永磁体2垂直于第一永磁体2所在磁极的d轴，从而能够使得第一永磁体2的结构设计更加合理，减小第一永磁体2在转子径向方向上的体积占用，增大矫顽力较高的第二永磁体3的永磁体用量，提高电机的转矩和功率密度，同时更加有效地减小调节磁场时电机的充退磁电流大小，降低电机充退磁难度，实现电机内部磁场实时同步调节。
优选地，电机调磁范围倍数m由如下公式获取：
{[Br2*Hcj2*(2H2L2+H3L3)+Br1*Hcj1*H1L1]/[Br2*Hcj2*(2H2L2+H3L3)]}*Br2*(2H2L2+H3L3)/[Br2*(2H2L2+H3L3)-Br1*H1L1]＝m
其中，Br1为第一永磁体2的剩磁，Br2为第二永磁体3的剩磁，Br3为第三永磁体4的剩磁。
采用上述的尺寸约束，可以有效的减小充退磁电流的大小，从而可以有效减少控制模块成本。
优选地，m取值为1.5，0.75>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]>0.15，这样设计充退磁电流比较合理，如控制模块成本不设上限要求，且方案调频要求，也可以使m取值5，则尺寸关系范围可以放宽到2.5>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]>0.5，甚至更高。
结合参见图1所示，根据本发明的第一实施例，在转子铁芯1的横截面上，第一永磁体2、第二永磁体3和第三永磁体4的宽度关系满足：1.5H2<H1<2H2；和/或，0.8H3≤H1≤H3，从而使得第二永磁体3和第三永磁体4的宽度能够与第一永磁体2的宽度之间具有良好的比例关系，保证电机具有良好的运行性能。
优选地，第二永磁体3靠近第一永磁体2一侧的侧边与电机d轴之间的夹角θ满足10°<θ<20°，从而保证电机的运行效率和转矩脉动可以达到最优效果。
优选地，电机转子还包括中心转轴6，转子铁芯1还包括中心轴孔5，中心转轴6设置在中心轴孔5内，第二永磁体3和/或第三永磁体4的径向内侧设置有隔磁槽7，当中心转轴6为导磁轴时，隔磁槽7的径向内侧边与中心轴孔5的侧壁之间的最小距离L4满足0.1L2<L4<0.3L2；当中心转轴6为非导磁轴时，隔磁槽7的径向内侧边与中心轴孔5的侧壁之间的最小距离L4满足0.3L2<L4<0.7L2。
根据中心转轴6的导磁性能的不同，可以设计合理的隔磁槽7与中心轴孔5之间的尺寸关系，从而改变电机磁场两级之间的磁路，有效的改变电机效率及充退磁电流大小。
结合参见图2和图3所示，根据本发明的第二实施例，第三永磁体4的径向外侧设置有从转子铁芯1的外圆延伸至第三永磁体4的径向外侧面的切槽8，切槽8的宽度L7满足0.5H3≤L7≤0.8H3。通过对第三永磁体4的径向外侧的铁芯进行切槽处理，并设计合理的切槽尺寸，能够减小切向永磁体端部漏磁，并进一步增大q轴磁阻。由于切槽8的宽度L7小于第三永磁体4的宽度H3的尺寸，因此仍然可以保证第三永磁体4稳定地保持在转子铁芯1内，避免第 三永磁体4从切槽8处脱出。
优选地，第二永磁体3靠近电机q轴的一端设置有隔磁槽7，隔磁槽7位于第三永磁体4的径向内侧，第三永磁体4与隔磁槽7之间具有第一隔磁桥10，相邻的两个隔磁槽7之间形成第二隔磁桥11，第一隔磁桥10和第二隔磁桥11之间形成Y形结构。在第二永磁体3和第三永磁体4之间设计隔磁桥，能够提高转子铁芯1的内部结构强度，但是隔磁桥会增加永磁体的漏磁，因此需要对隔磁桥的结构进行优化。通过将第三永磁体4和其两侧的第二永磁体3之间的隔磁桥设计为Y形隔磁结构，能够有效减少永磁体漏磁，提高电机工作性能。
优选地，第一隔磁桥10的径向宽度L5为L5<0.7mm；和/或，第二隔磁桥11的周向宽度L6与L5之间的关系满足L5≤L6≤1.6L5。
结合参见图4所示，根据本发明的第三实施例，其与第二实施例基本相同，不同之处在于，在本实施例中，不再设计切槽8，而是在转子铁芯1的横截面上，第三永磁体4径向外侧的转子外圆上设置有凹槽9，凹槽9靠近电机d轴的径向外侧顶点与转子铁芯1的中心连线与该第三永磁体4所在的电机q轴之间的夹角为θ1，磁极的机械角度为θ2，5％θ2<θ1<10％θ2。该凹槽9的槽底与第三永磁体4的径向外侧边之间形成隔磁桥结构。
通过限制凹槽9的开槽角度，能够进一步的增大q轴磁阻，提升磁阻转矩，同时不会影响主磁路，从而有效保证电机效率。
根据本发明的实施例，永磁电机包括电机转子，该电机转子为上述的电机转子。
本领域的技术人员容易理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各有利方式可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机转子，其特征在于，包括转子铁芯(1)和设置在所述转子铁芯(1)内的多个磁极，所述磁极包括第一永磁体(2)、第二永磁体(3)和第三永磁体(4)，所述第一永磁体(2)设置在其所在磁极的中心位置，所述第二永磁体(3)设置在所述第一永磁体(2)的两侧，所述第三永磁体(4)设置在所述第二永磁体(3)远离所述第一永磁体(2)的一侧，所述第一永磁体(2)的矫顽力小于所述第二永磁体(3)和所述第三永磁体(4)的矫顽力，所述第三永磁体(4)设置在电机q轴上，在转子铁芯(1)的横截面上，所述第一永磁体(2)、第二永磁体(3)和第三永磁体(4)之间的尺寸关系满足m/2>H1*Hcj1*L1/[(H2*Hcj2*L2+1/2H3*Hcj2*L3)]>m/10；其中m为电机调磁范围倍数，L1为第一永磁体(2)的长度，H1为第一永磁体(2)的宽度，Hcj1为第一永磁体(2)的内禀矫顽力，L2为第二永磁体(3)的长度，H2为第二永磁体(3)的宽度，Hcj2为第二永磁体(3)的内禀矫顽力，L3第三永磁体(4)的长度，H3为第三永磁体(4)的宽度，Hcj3为第三永磁体(4)的内禀矫顽力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述电机调磁范围倍数m由如下公式获取：
    {[Br2*Hcj2*(2H2L2+H3L3)+Br1*Hcj1*H1L1]/[Br2*Hcj2*(2H2L2+H3L3)]}*Br2*(2H2L2+H3L3)/[Br2*(2H2L2+H3L3)-Br1*H1L1]＝m
    其中，Br1为第一永磁体(2)的剩磁，Br2为第二永磁体(3)的剩磁，Br3为第三永磁体(4)的剩磁。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(2)、第二永磁体(3)和第三永磁体(4)的宽度关系满足：1.5H2<H1<2H2；和/或，0.8H3≤H1≤H3。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体(3)靠近所述第一永磁体(2)一侧的侧边与电机d轴之间的夹角θ满足10°<θ<20°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述电机转子还包括中心转轴(6)，所述转子铁芯(1)还包括中心轴孔(5)，所述中心转轴(6)设置在所述中心轴孔(5)内，所述第二永磁体(3)和/或所述第三永磁体(4)的径向内侧设置有隔磁槽(7)，当所述中心转轴(6)为导磁轴时，所述隔磁槽(7)的径向内侧边与所述中心轴孔(5)的侧壁之间的最小距离L4满足 0.1L2<L4<0.3L2；当所述中心转轴(6)为非导磁轴时，所述隔磁槽(7)的径向内侧边与所述中心轴孔(5)的侧壁之间的最小距离L4满足0.3L2<L4<0.7L2。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述第三永磁体(4)的径向外侧设置有从所述转子铁芯(1)的外圆延伸至所述第三永磁体(4)的径向外侧面的切槽(8)，所述切槽(8)的宽度L7满足0.5H3≤L7≤0.8H3。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其特征在于，在所述转子铁芯(1)的横截面上，所述第三永磁体(4)径向外侧的转子外圆上设置有凹槽(9)，所述凹槽(9)靠近电机d轴的径向外侧顶点与所述转子铁芯(1)的中心连线与该第三永磁体(4)所在的电机q轴之间的夹角为θ1，磁极的机械角度为θ2，5％θ2<θ1<10％θ2。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体(3)靠近电机q轴的一端设置有隔磁槽(7)，所述隔磁槽(7)位于所述第三永磁体(4)的径向内侧，所述第三永磁体(4)与所述隔磁槽(7)之间具有第一隔磁桥(10)，相邻的两个所述隔磁槽(7)之间形成第二隔磁桥(11)，所述第一隔磁桥(10)和所述第二隔磁桥(11)之间形成Y形结构。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电机转子，其特征在于，所述第一隔磁桥(10)的径向宽度L5为L5<0.7mm；和/或，所述第二隔磁桥(11)的周向宽度L6与L5之间的关系满足L5≤L6≤1.6L5。
  10. 一种永磁电机，包括电机转子，其特征在于，所述电机转子为权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电机转子。
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