WO2019127029A1 - 一种闪避障碍物的方法、装置及飞行器 - Google Patents

一种闪避障碍物的方法、装置及飞行器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019127029A1
WO2019127029A1 PCT/CN2017/118673 CN2017118673W WO2019127029A1 WO 2019127029 A1 WO2019127029 A1 WO 2019127029A1 CN 2017118673 W CN2017118673 W CN 2017118673W WO 2019127029 A1 WO2019127029 A1 WO 2019127029A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
movable object
acceleration
axis
aircraft
obstacle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/118673
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱颖
宋宇
吴登禄
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Autel Robotics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Autel Robotics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Autel Robotics Co Ltd filed Critical Autel Robotics Co Ltd
Priority to EP17832183.2A priority Critical patent/EP3531223B1/en
Priority to CN201780003060.0A priority patent/CN108124472B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/118673 priority patent/WO2019127029A1/zh
Priority to US15/884,980 priority patent/US10725482B2/en
Publication of WO2019127029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019127029A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/10Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
    • G05D1/101Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft
    • G05D1/102Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft specially adapted for vertical take-off of aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/10Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
    • G05D1/101Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00Traffic control systems for aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00Traffic control systems for aircraft
    • G08G5/20Arrangements for acquiring, generating, sharing or displaying traffic information
    • G08G5/21Arrangements for acquiring, generating, sharing or displaying traffic information located onboard the aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00Traffic control systems for aircraft
    • G08G5/20Arrangements for acquiring, generating, sharing or displaying traffic information
    • G08G5/26Transmission of traffic-related information between aircraft and ground stations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00Traffic control systems for aircraft
    • G08G5/50Navigation or guidance aids
    • G08G5/55Navigation or guidance aids for a single aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00Traffic control systems for aircraft
    • G08G5/80Anti-collision systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00Type of UAV
    • B64U10/10Rotorcrafts
    • B64U10/13Flying platforms
    • B64U10/14Flying platforms with four distinct rotor axes, e.g. quadcopters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2201/00UAVs characterised by their flight controls
    • B64U2201/10UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20Rotors; Rotor supports
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00Traffic control systems for aircraft
    • G08G5/50Navigation or guidance aids
    • G08G5/57Navigation or guidance aids for unmanned aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of control, in particular to a method, a device and an aircraft for evading an obstacle.
  • the movable object may be damaged due to the inability to evade after hitting an obstacle.
  • the movable object may be an unmanned aerial vehicle, a robot, an unmanned ship, a manned aircraft, a car, or the like.
  • the drone during the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, it may not be able to dodge in time due to obstacles, resulting in damage to the unmanned aerial vehicle. In severe cases, it may lead to the unmanned aerial vehicle bomber.
  • the existing obstacle avoidance technology is based on infrared or radar sensors, and the processor performs complex algorithm identification to avoid obstacles.
  • this method requires high processor and environmental conditions, and may not achieve the ideal obstacle avoidance effect.
  • the present invention provides a method, a device and an aircraft for evading obstacles, so that the movable object can take effective evasive measures after hitting an obstacle.
  • the present invention provides a method of evading an obstacle for a movable object, the method comprising:
  • the movable object is controlled to move in the direction of the dodging obstacle to avoid the obstacle.
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in at least one direction.
  • the determining, according to the acceleration information of the movable object, that the movable object collides comprises:
  • the determining, according to the acceleration information, the direction of the obstacle avoidance comprises:
  • the direction in which the rate of change of the acceleration is determined is the direction in which the movable object is evading the obstacle.
  • the determining the direction of the acceleration change rate is a direction in which the movable object is evading an obstacle, comprising: calculating an acceleration change rate of the movable object and an x-axis in a three-dimensional space The angles ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ of the y-axis and the z-axis:
  • ⁇ A x , ⁇ A y , and ⁇ A z are acceleration change rates in three directions of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis, respectively, and the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis are perpendicular to each other;
  • the x-axis is a direction in which the movable object moves.
  • the movable object is an aircraft
  • a positive direction of the x-axis is a heading of the aircraft
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in two or three directions.
  • the acquiring acceleration information of the movable object includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the location comprises geographic coordinates and flight altitude.
  • the method further includes:
  • the movable object When the distance between the movable object moving to a position where the movable object collides and the position where the movable object collides with the movable object is less than a preset distance, the movable object follows The direction of the dodging obstacle moves.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for evading an obstacle for a movable object, the device comprising:
  • An acquiring module configured to acquire acceleration information of the movable object
  • a determining module configured to determine, according to acceleration information of the movable object, that the movable object collides
  • a control module configured to control the movable object to move in a direction of the dodging obstacle to avoid the obstacle.
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in at least one direction.
  • the determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the direction in which the rate of change of the acceleration is determined is the direction in which the movable object is evading the obstacle.
  • the determining module includes a computing module, and the computing module is configured to:
  • ⁇ A x , ⁇ A y , and ⁇ A z are acceleration change rates in three directions of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis, respectively, and the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis are perpendicular to each other;
  • the determining module determines, according to the ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ , a direction in which the movable object evades the obstacle.
  • the x-axis is a direction in which the movable object moves.
  • the movable object is an aircraft
  • a positive direction of the x-axis is a heading of the aircraft
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in two or three directions.
  • the acquiring module is specifically configured to:
  • the apparatus further includes a recording module for recording a position at which the movable object collides.
  • the location comprises geographic coordinates and flight altitude.
  • control module is further configured to:
  • the movable object When the distance between the movable object moving to a position where the movable object collides and the position where the movable object collides with the movable object is less than a preset distance, the movable object follows The direction of the dodging obstacle moves.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides an aircraft, including:
  • An inertial measurement unit communicatively coupled to the processor, for acquiring acceleration information of the aircraft;
  • the processor is used to:
  • the aircraft is controlled to move in the direction of the dodge obstacle to avoid the obstacle.
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in at least one direction.
  • the processor is configured to:
  • the processor is configured to:
  • the direction in which the rate of change of the acceleration is determined is the direction in which the aircraft evades the obstacle.
  • the processor is configured to:
  • ⁇ A x , ⁇ A y , and ⁇ A z are acceleration change rates in three directions of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis, respectively, and the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis are perpendicular to each other;
  • the x-axis is the direction in which the aircraft moves.
  • the positive direction of the x-axis is the heading of the aircraft.
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in two or three directions.
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the location comprises geographic coordinates and flight altitude.
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the aircraft moves in the direction of the dodging obstacle when the aircraft moves to a position where the aircraft collides and a distance between the aircraft and a position where the aircraft collides with the aircraft is less than a preset distance.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a movable object, including a processor and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions for implementing the foregoing when the instructions are executed by the processor The method of doping obstacles.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the obstacle dodging method described above.
  • the embodiment of the invention includes: acquiring acceleration information of the movable object; determining, according to the acceleration information of the movable object, that the movable object collides; determining a direction of the dodging obstacle according to the acceleration information; and controlling the movable object Movement in the direction of the dodge obstacle to avoid the obstacle.
  • the collision and the dodging direction of the movable object can be accurately known, thereby effectively performing dodging and avoiding continuous collision with the obstacle.
  • the device for detecting the acceleration information may be an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) that is provided by the movable object, and the hardware cost is saved without adding additional hardware.
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • the position at which the movable object collides is recorded.
  • the movable object moves in the direction of the dodging obstacle, thereby avoiding re-collision and further ensuring The safety of movable objects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an aircraft according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the acceleration of the aircraft shown in FIG. 1 in three directions under normal flight conditions;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the sudden change of acceleration of the aircraft shown in FIG. 1 in the x-axis direction;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the angle between the dodging direction and the x, y, and z axes of the aircraft shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for evading an obstacle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for evading an obstacle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for doping obstacles according to the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for doping obstacles, which can be used for a movable object such that the movable object can recognize the direction of the collision in the event of a collision, and control the movable object along the collision Move in the opposite direction to avoid obstacles in time.
  • the movable object in the embodiment of the present invention may be an unmanned aerial vehicle, a manned aircraft, a driverless car, an unmanned ship, an intelligent robot (for example, a sweeping robot, a mopping robot, etc.).
  • an intelligent robot for example, a sweeping robot, a mopping robot, etc.
  • the aircraft 10 includes a fuselage 11, an arm 12, a power unit 13, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 14, and a processor 15.
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • the arm 12 is connected to the body 11 , and the power unit 13 is disposed on the arm 12 .
  • the IMU 14 is communicatively coupled to the processor 15 for acquiring acceleration information of the aircraft 10 .
  • the IMU 14 may be disposed within the body 11.
  • the aircraft 10 in this embodiment has four arms 12, that is, the aircraft 10 in this embodiment is a quadrotor.
  • the aircraft 10 may be a rotorcraft, a fixed-wing aircraft or a fixed wing and a rotor.
  • a hybrid aircraft wherein the rotors can be a single rotor (one arm), a double rotor (two arms), a three-rotor (three arms), a six-rotor (six arms), and eight rotors (eight Arms) and so on.
  • the power unit 13 typically includes a motor disposed at the end of the arm 12 and a propeller coupled to the motor shaft.
  • the motor drives the propeller to rotate to provide lift to the movable object 10.
  • the IMU 14 can measure the three-axis attitude angle (or angular rate) of the aircraft 10 as well as the acceleration, typically at the location of the center of gravity of the aircraft 10.
  • an IMU 14 includes three single-axis accelerometers and three single-axis gyroscopes, three accelerometers respectively detecting acceleration signals of three axes of the aircraft 10 in three-dimensional space, and the gyroscope detects angular velocity signals. The angular velocity and acceleration of the aircraft 10 in three-dimensional space are measured, and the attitude of the aircraft 10 is calculated.
  • the IMU 14 may be self-contained by the aircraft 10. In other possible embodiments, the IMU 14 may also be an additional IMU chip, which may be fixedly movable by a hard connection. On object 10.
  • the processor 15 may include a plurality of functional units, such as a flight control unit for controlling the flight attitude of the aircraft, a target recognition unit for identifying the target, a tracking unit for tracking a specific target, a navigation unit for navigating the aircraft (for example, GPS (Global Positioning System), Beidou, and a data processing unit for processing environmental information acquired by related airborne devices.
  • a flight control unit for controlling the flight attitude of the aircraft
  • a target recognition unit for identifying the target
  • a tracking unit for tracking a specific target
  • a navigation unit for navigating the aircraft ( For example, GPS (Global Positioning System), Beidou, and a data processing unit for processing environmental information acquired by related airborne devices.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • Beidou Beidou
  • the processor 15 determines whether the aircraft 10 has collided by acquiring acceleration information detected by the IMU 14.
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in at least one direction.
  • the acceleration of the aircraft 10 is a slowly changing process, as shown in FIG.
  • the acceleration measured by the IMU 14 is abrupt.
  • the degree of acceleration change may be represented by an acceleration change rate, but when the acceleration change rate is greater than the acceleration change threshold, the processor 15 determines that the aircraft 10 has collided.
  • the acceleration value at time t0 is a0
  • the acceleration value at the next detection time t1 is a1.
  • the rate of change of acceleration at time t1 is:
  • the processor 15 determines that the aircraft 10 has collided in the X-axis direction according to the acceleration rate of the x-axis, and thereby determines the dodge.
  • the acceleration change rate threshold Ah can be set according to experience, and the present invention does not specifically limit this.
  • the acceleration rate of the aircraft can be determined by determining the vector sum of the rate of change of the acceleration in the three directions.
  • the direction of the rate of change of acceleration is the direction in which the aircraft 10 evades the obstacle.
  • ⁇ A x , ⁇ A y , and ⁇ A z are acceleration change rates in three directions of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis, respectively.
  • the rate of change of acceleration is projected onto the plane.
  • processor 15 may also record the location at which aircraft 10 collides. This location includes geographic coordinates and flight altitude. When the aircraft 10 is flying toward the location where the collision occurred and the distance of the aircraft 10 from the location is less than a predetermined threshold, the processor 15 controls the aircraft 10 to move in the direction of the dodge obstacle determined by the above method.
  • the processor 15 is further configured to:
  • the location information of the collision is transmitted to the control device, causing the control device to display the location information so that the operator knows the geographic location, preventing the operator from controlling the aircraft to fly again to the location, causing a collision again.
  • the processor 15 is further configured to:
  • the power device is controlled according to a preset rule or a control command to avoid occurrence of a collision again.
  • the preset rule may be to fly to a specified distance below, above, to the left, or to the right of the position where the collision occurred, or to remain at the current position, wait for further control commands, and the like.
  • the processor 15 is further configured to: send the alarm information when the aircraft 10 moves to the position where the collision occurs, and the position where the collision occurs is less than a preset distance To the control device.
  • the processor 15 is configured to: when the aircraft 10 moves to the position where the collision occurs, and the position where the collision occurs is less than a preset distance, send the alarm information to Control the device and receive control commands returned by the control device to avoid collisions.
  • the collision information of the aircraft and the direction of the dodge can be accurately known according to the acceleration information of the aircraft, thereby effectively performing dodging and avoiding continuous impact on the obstacle.
  • the device that detects the acceleration information can use the IMU that is provided by the aircraft, without adding additional hardware, saving hardware costs.
  • the position at which the aircraft collides is recorded. When moving to the position and the distance is relatively close, the aircraft moves in the direction of the dodging obstacle, thereby avoiding a collision and further ensuring the movable object. Security.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for evading an obstacle according to the present invention.
  • the method is applicable to a movable object, and the method includes:
  • Step 101 Acquire acceleration information of the movable object.
  • the movable object is an object that is movable and can control its direction of motion, for example, an aircraft capable of flying, a vehicle that runs on land, and the like.
  • the movable object when it is an aircraft, it may be a rotorcraft, a fixed-wing aircraft or an aircraft in which a fixed wing and a rotor are mixed, wherein the rotor may be a single rotor, a double rotor, a three-rotor, a quadrotor, a six-rotor, Eight rotors and so on.
  • the aircraft may include, but is not limited to, a drone.
  • the movable object may also be an unmanned car, a sweeping robot, a mopping robot, etc.
  • the acceleration information is obtained by an IMU built into the movable object.
  • the IMU can measure the triaxial attitude angle (or angular rate) of the movable object as well as the acceleration, usually at the position of the center of gravity of the movable object.
  • an IMU consists of three single-axis accelerometers and three single-axis gyros.
  • the accelerometer detects the three-axis acceleration signal of the movable object
  • the gyro detects the angular velocity signal, and measures the angular velocity of the movable object in three-dimensional space. Acceleration, and solve the posture of the movable object.
  • the IMU may be a self-contained movable object or an additional IMU chip, and the IMU chip may be fixed to the movable object by a hard connection.
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in at least one direction.
  • the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis are perpendicular to each other, and the acceleration information may include three directions: x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis.
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in two or three directions.
  • the acceleration information may include an acceleration change rate in three directions of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis, and may also include an acceleration change rate in any two of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis.
  • Step 102 Determine that the movable object collides according to the acceleration information of the movable object.
  • the acceleration of the movable object is a slowly changing process under normal flight conditions, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the acceleration change rate threshold is Ah
  • >Ah of any one of the axes is found at time t1, it is considered that a collision has occurred.
  • the rate of change of the three axes recorded at this time is ⁇ A x , ⁇ A y , ⁇ A z , respectively .
  • the acceleration change rate threshold Ah can be set in advance according to experience, and the present invention does not specifically limit this.
  • Step 103 Determine a direction of the dodging obstacle according to the acceleration information.
  • the x-axis is the direction in which the movable object moves
  • the x-axis rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise in the horizontal plane to the y-axis
  • the sky is the z-axis, that is, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis.
  • the angles ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ of the acceleration rate of the movable object and the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis in the three-dimensional space are calculated:
  • ⁇ A x , ⁇ A y , and ⁇ A z are acceleration change rates in three directions of x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively;
  • the movable object is an aircraft
  • a positive direction of the x-axis is a heading of the aircraft
  • the collision direction may also be determined according to the acceleration information, and the opposite direction of the collision direction is the dodging direction.
  • the determination of the collision direction according to the acceleration information may be determined by the rate of change of the acceleration in at least one direction, which is the reverse direction of the sum of the rate of change of the acceleration rate. Since the calculation method is similar to the above, it will not be repeated here.
  • Step 104 Control the movable object to move in the direction of the dodging obstacle to avoid the obstacle.
  • the processor in the movable object can control the power device on the movable object to fly in the calculated dodging direction to avoid the obstacle.
  • the collision and the dodging direction of the movable object can be accurately known, thereby effectively performing dodging and avoiding continuous collision with the obstacle.
  • the device for detecting the acceleration information may be an IMU that is provided by the movable object, and does not need to add additional hardware, thereby saving hardware costs.
  • FIG. 6 a flowchart of a method for evading obstacles according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein steps 201-204 are the same as steps 101-104 in the first embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • the second embodiment further comprises the following steps:
  • Step 205 Record a location where the movable object collides.
  • the location includes geographic coordinates and flight altitude.
  • step 205 can be performed after step 202, that is, to determine the location at which the collision occurred immediately after the collision of the movable object is determined.
  • the location information of the collision may be sent to the control device, so that the control device displays the location information, so that the operator knows the geographical location, and prevents the operator from controlling the movable object to move again. To this position, causing a collision again.
  • Step 206 when the distance between the movable object moving to a position where the movable object collides, and the position where the movable object collides with the movable object is less than a preset distance, the The moving object moves in the direction of the dodging obstacle.
  • the movable object by recording the position where the movable object collides, when moving to the position and the distance is relatively close, the movable object moves in the direction of the dodging obstacle, thereby avoiding re-collision and further ensuring The safety of movable objects.
  • the movable object when the movable object moves to the position where the collision occurs, and the position at which the collision occurs is less than a preset distance, the movable object moves according to a preset rule or a control instruction to avoid occurrence. Collide again.
  • the preset rule may be to control the movable object to fly at a specified distance below, above, to the left, or to the right of the position where the collision occurs, or to remain at the current position, wait for further control commands, and the like.
  • the movable object when the movable object moves to the position where the collision occurs, and the position at which the collision occurs is less than a preset distance, the movable object sends the alarm information to the control device. .
  • the movable object when the movable object moves to the position where the collision occurs, and the position at which the collision occurs is less than a preset distance, the movable object sends the alarm information to the control device, and Receive control commands returned by the control device to avoid collisions.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for evading obstacles, which is used to implement the above-mentioned embodiments and implementation manners, and has not been described again.
  • the term "module” may implement a combination of software and/or hardware of a predetermined function.
  • the devices described in the following embodiments may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.
  • the apparatus for doping obstacles includes:
  • the acquiring module 31 is configured to acquire acceleration information of the movable object
  • a determining module 32 configured to determine, according to acceleration information of the movable object, that the movable object collides
  • the control module 33 is configured to control the movable object to move in a direction of the dodging obstacle to avoid the obstacle.
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in at least one direction.
  • the determining module 32 is specifically configured to:
  • the determining module 32 is specifically configured to:
  • the direction in which the rate of change of the acceleration is determined is the direction in which the movable object is evading the obstacle.
  • the determining module 32 includes a computing module, the computing module is configured to:
  • ⁇ A x , ⁇ A y , and ⁇ A z are acceleration change rates in three directions of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis, respectively, and the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis are perpendicular to each other;
  • the determining module 32 determines a direction in which the movable object evades the obstacle according to the ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ .
  • the x-axis is a direction in which the movable object moves.
  • the movable object is an aircraft
  • a positive direction of the x-axis is a heading of the aircraft
  • the acceleration information includes an acceleration rate of change in two or three directions.
  • the obtaining module 31 is specifically configured to:
  • the apparatus further includes a recording module 34 for recording a location at which the movable object collides.
  • the location comprises geographic coordinates and flight altitude.
  • control module 33 is further configured to:
  • the movable object When the distance between the movable object moving to a position where the movable object collides and the position where the movable object collides with the movable object is less than a preset distance, the movable object follows The direction of the dodging obstacle moves.
  • the acquisition module 31 may be an inertial measurement chip
  • the determination module 32 may be a processor
  • the control module 33 may be a control chip, such as a flight control chip.
  • Recording module 34 can be a memory.
  • the collision and the dodging direction of the movable object can be accurately known, thereby effectively performing dodging and avoiding continuous collision with the obstacle.
  • the means for detecting the acceleration information may be an IMU that is provided by the movable object, without adding additional hardware, saving hardware costs.
  • the position at which the movable object collides is recorded. When moving to the position and the distance is relatively close, the movable object moves in the direction of the dodging obstacle, thereby avoiding re-collision and further ensuring The safety of movable objects.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a movable object, including a processor and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement any of the above A method of evading obstacles.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above methods of dodging obstacles.
  • the computer readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, a USB flash drive, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • the medium in which the program code is stored may include, but is not limited to, a USB flash drive, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • modules or steps of the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, which can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed over a network of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device and, in some cases, may be different from the order herein.
  • the steps shown or described are performed either separately as an integrated circuit module, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof are fabricated as a single integrated circuit module.
  • embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种闪避障碍物的方法、装置及可移动物体,所述方法包括:获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息;根据所述可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞;根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;控制所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。在本发明实施例中,根据可移动物体的加速度信息能够准确获知可移动物体发生碰撞以及闪避方向,从而有效进行闪避,避免持续撞击障碍物。

Description

一种闪避障碍物的方法、装置及飞行器 技术领域
本发明涉及控制领域,尤指一种闪避障碍物的方法、装置及飞行器。
背景技术
在可移动物体运动过程中,可能会由于碰到障碍物后无法闪避导致可移动物体损坏,可移动物体可以是无人飞行器、机器人、无人船、载人飞行器、汽车等。对于无人机来说,在无人飞行器飞行过程中,可能由于碰到障碍物后无法及时闪避,导致无人飞行器损坏,严重情况下,还有可能导致无人飞行器炸机。
现有的避障技术是基于红外或雷达传感器,通过处理器进行复杂的算法识别躲避障碍物。但是这种方式对处理器及环境条件要求较高,有可能达不到理想的避障效果。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种闪避障碍物的方法、装置及飞行器,使得可移动物体在碰到障碍物后能够采取有效的闪避措施。
为了达到本发明目的,本发明提供了一种闪避障碍物的方法,用于可移动物体,该方法包括:
获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息;
根据所述可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞;
根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;
控制所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍 物。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述根据可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞,包括:
判断所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率是否大于加速度变化率阈值;
若是,则判断所述可移动物体发生碰撞。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向,包括:
根据所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率的矢量和,确定所述可移动物体的加速度变化率;
确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述可移动物体闪避障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述可移动物体闪避障碍物的方向,包括:计算所述可移动物体的加速度变化率与三维空间中的x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角α、β和γ:
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000003
其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率,所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直;
根据所述α、β和γ确定所述可移动物体闪避所述障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述x轴为所述可移动物体移动的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述可移动物体为飞行器,所述x轴的正方向为所述飞行器的航向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括两个或三个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息,包括:
获取由所述可移动物体中内置的惯性测量单元测得的所述加速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述方法还包括:
记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述方法还包括:
当所述可移动物体向所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置运动,且所述可移动物体与所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置之间的距离小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动。
本发明实施例还提供了一种闪避障碍物的装置,用于可移动物体,该装置包括:
获取模块,用于获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息;
确定模块,用于根据所述可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞;以及
根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;
控制模块,用于控制所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述确定模块具体用于:
判断所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率是否大于加速度变化阈值;
若是,则判断所述可移动物体发生碰撞。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述确定模块具体用于:
根据所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率的矢量和,确定所述可移动物体的加速度变化率;
确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述可移动物体闪避障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述确定模块包括计算模块,所述计算模块用于:
计算所述可移动物体的加速度变化率与三维空间中的x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角α、β和γ:
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000006
其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率,所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直;
所述确定模块根据所述α、β和γ确定所述可移动物体闪避所述障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述x轴为所述可移动物体移动的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述可移动物体为飞行器,所述x轴的正方向为所述飞行器的航向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括两个或三个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述获取模块具体用于:
获取由所述可移动物体中内置的惯性测量单元测得的所述加速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括记录模块,所述记录模块用于记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述控制模还用于:
当所述可移动物体向所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置运动,且所述可移动物体与所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置之间的距离小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动。
本发明实施例还提供了一种飞行器,包括:
机身;
机臂,与所述机身相连;
动力装置,设于所述机臂上;
处理器;
惯性测量单元,与处理器通信连接,用于获取所述飞行器的加速度信息;
所述处理器用于:
根据所述飞行器的加速度信息确定所述飞行器发生碰撞;
根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;
控制所述飞行器按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器用于:
判断所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率是否大于加速度变化率阈值;
若是,则判断所述飞行器发生碰撞。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器用于:
根据所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率的矢量和,确定所述飞行器的加 速度变化率;
确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述飞行器闪避障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器用于:
计算所述飞行器的加速度变化率与三维空间中的x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角α、β和γ:
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000009
其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率,所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直;
根据所述α、β和γ确定所述飞行器闪避所述障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述x轴为所述飞行器移动的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述x轴的正方向为所述飞行器的航向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括两个或三个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器还用于:
记录发生碰撞的位置。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器还用于:
当所述飞行器向所述飞行器发生碰撞的位置运动,且所述飞行器与所述飞行器发生碰撞的位置之间的距离小于预设距离时,所述飞行器按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动。
本发明实施例还提供了一种可移动物体,包括处理器和计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令,当所述指令被所述处理器执行时,实现上述所述的闪避障碍物的方法。
本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述所述的障碍物闪避方法。
本发明实施例包括:获取可移动物体的加速度信息;根据所述可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞;根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;控制所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。在本发明实施例中,根据可移动物体的加速度信息能够准确获知可移动物体发生碰撞以及闪避方向,从而有效进行闪避,避免持续撞击障碍物。
在一个可选方案中,检测加速度信息的装置可以是可移动物体自带的惯性测量单元(Inertial Measurement Unit,IMU),无需增加额外硬件,节省了硬件成本。
在一个可选方案中,记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置,当向该位置运动且距离较近时,可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,可以避免发生再次碰撞,进一步保证了可移动物体的安全。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明技术方案的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本发明的技术方案,并不构成对本发明技术方案的限制。
图1为本发明一种飞行器其中一实施例的结构示意图;
图2为本发明图1所示飞行器在正常飞行情况下,三个方向的加速度示意图;
图3为本发明图1所示飞行器在x轴方向加速度突变的示意图;
图4为本发明图1所示飞行器计算闪避方向与x、y和z轴的夹角的示意图;
图5为本发明一种闪避障碍物的方法其中一实施例的流程图;
图6为本发明一种闪避障碍物的方法另一实施例的流程图;
图7为本发明一种闪避障碍物的装置其中一实施例的结构框图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行。并且,虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序,但是在某些情况下,可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
本发明的实施例提供了一种闪避障碍物的方法及装置,该方法及装置可用于可移动物体,从而使得该可移动物体在发生碰撞时能够识别碰撞的方向,控制可移动物体沿与碰撞方向相反的方向移动,及时躲避障碍物。
本发明实施例中的可移动物体可以是无人飞行器、载人飞行器、无人驾驶汽车、无人船、智能机器人(例如扫地机器人、拖地机器人等)等。
参见图1,以可移动物体为飞行器10为例对本发明的实施例进行具体说明。该飞行器10包括机身11、机臂12、动力装置13、惯性测量单元(Inertial Measurement Unit,IMU)14和处理器15。
其中,机臂12与机身11相连,所述动力装置13设于机臂12上,所述IMU 14与处理器15通信连接,用于获取所述飞行器10的加速度信息。在本发明的实施例中,所述IMU 14可以设于机身11内。
本实施例中的飞行器10具有四个机臂12,即本实施例中的飞行器10为四旋翼飞行器,在其他可能的实施例中,飞行器10可以是旋翼飞行器、固定 翼飞行器或固定翼与旋翼混合的飞行器,其中,所述旋翼可为单旋翼(一个机臂)、双旋翼(两个机臂)、三旋翼(三个机臂)、六旋翼(六个机臂)、八旋翼(八个机臂)等。
动力装置13通常包括设置在机臂12末端的电机和与电机轴相连的螺旋桨。电机带动螺旋桨旋转从而给可移动物体10提供升力。
所述IMU14可以测量飞行器10的三轴姿态角(或角速率)以及加速度,通常设置在飞行器10重心的位置。一般的,一个IMU14包含了三个单轴的加速度计和三个单轴的陀螺仪,三个加速度计分别检测飞行器10的在三维空间中的三个轴的加速度信号,而陀螺仪检测角速度信号,测量飞行器10在三维空间中的角速度和加速度,并以此解算出飞行器10的姿态。
在本发明的实施例中,所述IMU14可以是飞行器10自带的,在其他可能的实施例中,IMU14也可以是额外添加的IMU芯片,该IMU芯片可以通过硬连接的方式固定在可移动物体10上。
处理器15可以包括多个功能性单元,如,用于控制飞行器飞行姿态的飞行控制单元、用于识别目标的目标识别单元、用于跟踪特定目标的跟踪单元、用于导航飞行器的导航单元(例如GPS(Global Positioning System)、北斗)、以及用于处理相关机载设备所获取的环境信息的数据处理单元等。
处理器15通过获取IMU14检测的加速度信息来确定飞行器10是否发生碰撞。在本发明的一实施例中,加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
正常飞行情况下,飞行器10的加速度是一个缓慢变化的过程,如图2所示。当飞行器10发生碰撞后,如图3所示,IMU14测出的加速度则会发生突变。加速度变化的程度可以用加速度变化率来表示,但加速度变化率大于加速度变化阈值时,处理器15判断该飞行器10发生了碰撞。以x轴方向的加速度发生突变为例,记t0时刻的加速度值为a0,下一个检测时刻t1的加速度值为a1,那么,t1时刻的加速度变化率为:
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000010
假设加速度变化率阈值为Ah,则如果在t1时刻发现x轴的|ΔA|>Ah,则处理器15根据x轴的加速度变化率确定飞行器10在X轴方向发生了碰撞,并由此确定闪避障碍物的方向。其中,加速度变化率阈值Ah可以根据经验设定,本发明对此不做具体限定。
当处理器15检测到IMU14在空间三个方向上的加速度变化率均超过预设阈值时,则可以通过求三个方向上的加速度变化率的矢量和的方式来确定飞行器的加速度变化率,该加速度变化率的方向即为飞行器10闪避障碍物的方向。
如图4所示,假如飞行器10的飞行的方向即航向为x轴的正方向,指向天空的方向为z轴方向,加速度变化率与三维空间中x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角分别为α、β和γ,则:
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000013
其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率。
根据这三个角度,就可以确定飞行器在空间内的闪避障碍物的方向。
在其他可能的实施例中,如果只考虑在平面内闪避,则把加速度变化率投影到平面即可。
在本发明的一实施例中,处理器15还可以记录飞行器10发生碰撞的位置。该位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。当飞行器10向发生碰撞的位置飞行时,且飞行器10与该位置的距离小于预设阈值时,处理器15控制飞行器10按照由上述方法确定的闪避障碍物的方向运动。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器15还用于:
将发生碰撞的位置信息发送至控制设备,使所述控制设备显示所述位置信息,以便使操作者了解该地理位置,避免操作者控制飞行器再次飞行至该位置,造成再次碰撞。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器15还用于:
当所述飞行器10向所述发生碰撞的位置运动,且距离所述发生碰撞的位置小于预设距离时,按照预设规则或控制指令控制所述动力装置,避免发生再次碰撞。
其中,预设规则可以是改为在发生碰撞的位置下方、上方、左方、或右方等方向的指定距离飞行,或保持在当前位置,等待进一步控制指令等。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器15还用于:当所述飞行器10向所述发生碰撞的位置运动,且距离所述发生碰撞的位置小于预设距离时,将告警信息发送至控制设备。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述处理器15用于:当所述飞行器10向所述发生碰撞的位置运动,且距离所述发生碰撞的位置小于预设距离时,将告警信息发送至控制设备,并接收控制设备返回的控制指令,以避免发生再次碰撞。
在本发明实施例中,根据飞行器的加速度信息能够准确获知飞行器发生碰撞以及闪避方向,从而有效进行闪避,避免持续撞击障碍物。检测加速度信息的装置可以采用飞行器自带的IMU,无需增加额外硬件,节省了硬件成本。在一个可选方案中,记录所述飞行器发生碰撞的位置,当向该位置运动且距离较近时,飞行器按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,可以避免发生再次碰撞,进一步保证了可移动物体的安全。
图5为本发明的一种闪避障碍物的方法其中一实施例的流程图,该方法可用于可移动物体,该方法包括:
步骤101,获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息。
所述可移动物体为能够移动且可控制其运动方向的物体,例如,能够飞行的飞行器,在陆地上运行的车辆等。
其中,所述可移动物体为飞行器时,可以是旋翼飞行器、固定翼飞行器或固定翼与旋翼混合的飞行器,其中,所述旋翼可为单旋翼、双旋翼、三旋翼、四旋翼、六旋翼、八旋翼等。所述飞行器可以包括但不限于无人机。在其他可能的实施例中,可移动物体还可以是无人驾驶汽车、扫地机器人、拖地机器人等/
在本发明的一实施例中,通过所述可移动物体中内置的IMU获得所述加速度信息。采用这种方案,无需增加额外硬件,节省了硬件成本。
所述IMU可以测量可移动物体的三轴姿态角(或角速率)以及加速度,通常设置在可移动物体重心的位置。一般的,一个IMU包含了三个单轴的加速度计和三个单轴的陀螺,加速度计检测可移动物体三轴加速度信号,而陀螺检测角速度信号,测量可移动物体在三维空间中的角速度和加速度,并以此解算出可移动物体的姿态。
所述IMU可以是可移动物体自带的,也可以是额外添加的IMU芯片,该IMU芯片可以通过硬连接的方式固定在可移动物体上。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
以三维空间中的x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向为例,所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直,加速度信息可以包括x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向中的至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括两个或三个方向的加速度变化率。
例如,所述加速度信息可以包括x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向的加速度变化率,也可以包括x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向中其中任意两个方向的加速度变化率。
步骤102,根据所述可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰 撞。
以三维空间中的x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向为例,正常飞行情况下,可移动物体的加速度是一个缓慢变化的过程,如图2所示。
在本发明的一实施例中,判断所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率是否大于加速度变化率阈值;若是,则判断所述可移动物体发生碰撞。
当至少一个方向的加速度发生突变,如图3所示,以x轴方向的加速度发生突变为例,记t0时刻的加速度值为a0,下一个检测时刻t1的加速度值为a1,那么,t1时刻的加速度变化率为:
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000014
加速度变化率阈值为Ah,则如果在t1时刻发现任意一个轴的|ΔA|>Ah,则认为发生了碰撞。记录此时的3个轴的变化率分别为ΔA x,ΔA y,ΔA z
其中,加速度变化率阈值Ah可以根据经验事先设定,本发明对此不做具体限定。
步骤103,根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,根据所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率的矢量和,确定所述可移动物体的加速度变化率;确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述可移动物体闪避障碍物的方向。
如果只考虑在平面内闪避,则把矢量和方向投影到平面即可。
如图4所示,x轴为所述可移动物体移动的方向,x轴在水平面逆时针旋转90度为y轴,天空为z轴,也即所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直,计算所述可移动物体的加速度变化率与三维空间中的x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角α、β和γ:
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000017
其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率;
根据所述α、β和γ确定所述可移动物体闪避所述障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述可移动物体为飞行器,所述x轴的正方向为所述飞行器的航向。
在其他实施例中,也可以根据加速度信息确定碰撞方向,所述碰撞方向相反的方向即为闪避方向。
其中,与上面描述类似地,根据加速度信息确定碰撞方向可以通过至少一个方向的加速度变化率确定,为加速度变化率矢量和的反方向,由于计算方法与上面类似,此处不再赘述。
步骤104,控制所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。
其中,可移动物体中的处理器可以控制可移动物体上的动力装置按照计算得到的闪避方向飞行,以避开所述障碍物。
在本发明实施例中,根据可移动物体的加速度信息能够准确获知可移动物体发生碰撞以及闪避方向,从而有效进行闪避,避免持续撞击障碍物。进一步地,检测加速度信息的装置可以是可移动物体自带的IMU,无需增加额外硬件,节省了硬件成本。
如图6所示,为本发明第二实施例的闪避障碍物的方法流程图,其中步骤201~204与第一实施例中的步骤101~104相同,此处不再赘述。
与第一实施例相比,第二实施例还包括如下步骤:
步骤205,记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置。
其中,所述位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。
在另一实施例中,步骤205可以在步骤202之后执行,即:确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞之后,立即记录发生碰撞的位置。
在本发明的一实施例中,可以将发生碰撞的位置信息发送至控制设备,使所述控制设备显示所述位置信息,以便使操作者了解该地理位置,避免操作者控制可移动物体再次移动至该位置,造成再次碰撞。
步骤206,当所述可移动物体向所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置运动,且所述可移动物体与所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置之间的距离小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动。
本发明实施例中,通过记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置,当向该位置运动且距离较近时,可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,可以避免发生再次碰撞,进一步保证了可移动物体的安全。
在另一实施例中,当可移动物体向所述发生碰撞的位置运动,且距离所述发生碰撞的位置小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体按照预设规则或控制指令运动,避免发生再次碰撞。
其中,预设规则可以是控制所述可移动物体在发生碰撞的位置下方、上方、左方、或右方等方向的指定距离飞行,或保持在当前位置,等待进一步控制指令等。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述当可移动物体向所述发生碰撞的位置运动,且距离所述发生碰撞的位置小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体将告警信息发送至控制设备。
在本发明的一实施例中,当可移动物体向所述发生碰撞的位置运动,且距离所述发生碰撞的位置小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体将告警信息发送至控制设备,并接收控制设备返回的控制指令,以避免发生再次碰撞。
本发明实施例还提供了一种闪避障碍物的装置,该装置用于实现上述实 施例及实施方式,已经进行过说明的不再赘述。如以下所使用的,术语“模块”可以实现预定功能的软件和/或硬件的组合。尽管以下实施例所描述的装置可以以软件来实现,但是硬件,或者软件和硬件的组合的实现也是可能并被构想的。
如图7所示,本发明实施例的闪避障碍物的装置包括:
获取模块31,用于获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息;
确定模块32,用于根据所述可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞;以及
根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;
控制模块33,用于控制所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述确定模块32具体用于:
判断所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率是否大于加速度变化阈值;
若是,则判断所述可移动物体发生碰撞。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述确定模块32具体用于:
根据所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率的矢量和,确定所述可移动物体的加速度变化率;
确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述可移动物体闪避障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述确定模块32包括计算模块,所述计算模块用于:
计算所述可移动物体的加速度变化率与三维空间中的x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角α、β和γ:
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-000020
其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率,所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直;
所述确定模块32根据所述α、β和γ确定所述可移动物体闪避所述障碍物的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述x轴为所述可移动物体移动的方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述可移动物体为飞行器,所述x轴的正方向为所述飞行器的航向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述加速度信息包括两个或三个方向的加速度变化率。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述获取模块31具体用于:
获取由所述可移动物体中内置的惯性测量单元测得的所述加速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括记录模块34,所述记录模块34用于记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述控制模33还用于:
当所述可移动物体向所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置运动,且所述可移动物体与所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置之间的距离小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动。
在本发明的一实施例中,获取模块31可以为惯性测量芯片,确定模块32可以是处理器,控制模块33可以是控制芯片,例如飞控芯片。记录模块34可以是存储器。
在本发明实施例中,根据可移动物体的加速度信息能够准确获知可移动物体发生碰撞以及闪避方向,从而有效进行闪避,避免持续撞击障碍物。在一个可选方案中,检测加速度信息的装置可以是可移动物体自带的IMU,无需增加额外硬件,节省了硬件成本。在一个可选方案中,记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置,当向该位置运动且距离较近时,可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,可以避免发生再次碰撞,进一步保证了可移动物体的安全。
本发明实施例还提出了一种可移动物体,包括处理器和计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令,当所述指令被所述处理器执行时,实现上述任意一种闪避障碍物的方法。
本发明实施例还提出了一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述任意一种闪避障碍物的方法。
上述计算机可读存储介质可以包括但不限于:U盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、移动硬盘、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
显然,本领域的技术人员应该明白,上述的本发明实施例的模块或步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现,它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上,或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上,可选地,它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现,从而,可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行,并且在某些情况下,可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤,或者将它们分别制作成集成电路模块,或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样,本发明实施例不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
虽然本发明所揭露的实施方式如上,但所述的内容仅为便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式,并非用以限定本发明。任何本发明所属领域内的技术人员,在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下,可以在实施的形式及细 节上进行任何的修改与变化,但本发明的专利保护范围,仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (37)

  1. 一种闪避障碍物的方法,用于可移动物体,其特征在于,该方法包括:
    获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息;
    根据所述可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞;
    根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;
    控制所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞,包括:
    判断所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率是否大于加速度变化率阈值;
    若是,则判断所述可移动物体发生碰撞。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向,包括:
    根据所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率的矢量和,确定所述可移动物体的加速度变化率;
    确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述可移动物体闪避障碍物的方向。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述可移动物体闪避障碍物的方向,包括:
    计算所述可移动物体的加速度变化率与三维空间中的x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角α、β和γ:
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100003
    其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率,所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直;
    根据所述α、β和γ确定所述可移动物体闪避所述障碍物的方向。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述x轴为所述可移动物体移动的方向。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述可移动物体为飞行器,所述x轴的正方向为所述飞行器的航向。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加速度信息包括两个或三个方向的加速度变化率。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息,包括:
    获取由所述可移动物体中内置的惯性测量单元测得的所述加速度信息。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    当所述可移动物体向所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置运动,且所述可移动物体与所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置之间的距离小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动。
  13. 一种闪避障碍物的装置,用于可移动物体,其特征在于,该装置包括:
    获取模块,用于获取所述可移动物体的加速度信息;
    确定模块,用于根据所述可移动物体的加速度信息确定所述可移动物体发生碰撞;以及
    根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;
    控制模块,用于控制所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于,所述确定模块具体用于:
    判断所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率是否大于加速度变化阈值;
    若是,则判断所述可移动物体发生碰撞。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的装置,其特征在于,所述确定模块具体用于:
    根据所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率的矢量和,确定所述可移动物体的加速度变化率;
    确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述可移动物体闪避障碍物的方向。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置,其特征在于,所述确定模块包括计算模块,所述计算模块用于:
    计算所述可移动物体的加速度变化率与三维空间中的x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角α、β和γ:
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100006
    其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率,所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直;
    所述确定模块根据所述α、β和γ确定所述可移动物体闪避所述障碍物的方向。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于,所述x轴为所述可移动物体移动的方向。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于,所述可移动物体为飞行器,所述x轴的正方向为所述飞行器的航向。
  20. 根据权利要求14-19任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加速度信息包括两个或三个方向的加速度变化率。
  21. 根据权利要求13-20任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述获取模块具体用于:
    获取由所述可移动物体中内置的惯性测量单元测得的所述加速度信息。
  22. 根据权利要求13-21任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,该装置还包括记录模块,所述记录模块用于记录所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的装置,其特征在于,所述控制模还用于:
    当所述可移动物体向所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置运动,且所述可移动物体与所述可移动物体发生碰撞的位置之间的距离小于预设距离时,所述可移动物体按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动。
  25. 一种飞行器,其特征在于,包括:
    机身;
    机臂,与所述机身相连;
    动力装置,设于所述机臂上;
    处理器;
    惯性测量单元,与处理器通信连接,用于获取所述飞行器的加速度信息;
    所述处理器用于:
    根据所述飞行器的加速度信息确定所述飞行器发生碰撞;
    根据所述加速度信息确定闪避障碍物的方向;
    控制所述飞行器按照所述闪避障碍物的方向运动,以避开所述障碍物。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述加速度信息包括至少一个方向的加速度变化率。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述处理器用于:
    判断所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率是否大于加速度变化率阈值;
    若是,则判断所述飞行器发生碰撞。
  28. 根据权利要求26或27所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述处理器用于:
    根据所述至少一个方向的加速度变化率的矢量和,确定所述飞行器的加速度变化率;
    确定所述加速度变化率的方向为所述飞行器闪避障碍物的方向。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述处理器用于:
    计算所述飞行器的加速度变化率与三维空间中的x轴、y轴和z轴的夹角α、β和γ:
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2017118673-appb-100009
    其中,ΔA x、ΔA y、ΔA z分别为x轴、y轴、z轴三个方向上的加速度变化率,所述x轴、y轴和z轴两两垂直;
    根据所述α、β和γ确定所述飞行器闪避所述障碍物的方向。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述x轴为所述飞行器移动的方向。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述x轴的正方向为所述飞行器的航向。
  32. 根据权利要求26-31任一项所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述加速度信息包括两个或三个方向的加速度变化率。
  33. 根据权利要求25~32中任意一项所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于:
    记录发生碰撞的位置。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的飞行器,其特征在于,
    所述位置包括地理坐标和飞行高度。
  35. 根据权利要求33或34所述的飞行器,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于:
    当所述飞行器向所述飞行器发生碰撞的位置运动,且所述飞行器与所述飞行器发生碰撞的位置之间的距离小于预设距离时,所述飞行器按照所述闪避障碍物的方向飞行。
  36. 一种可移动物体,包括处理器和计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令,其特征在于,当所述指令被所述处理器执行时, 实现权利要求1~12任意一项所述的方法。
  37. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1~12任意一项所述的方法。
PCT/CN2017/118673 2017-12-26 2017-12-26 一种闪避障碍物的方法、装置及飞行器 Ceased WO2019127029A1 (zh)

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