WO2019127969A1 - 微电网控制系统及微电网 - Google Patents

微电网控制系统及微电网 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019127969A1
WO2019127969A1 PCT/CN2018/082127 CN2018082127W WO2019127969A1 WO 2019127969 A1 WO2019127969 A1 WO 2019127969A1 CN 2018082127 W CN2018082127 W CN 2018082127W WO 2019127969 A1 WO2019127969 A1 WO 2019127969A1
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Prior art keywords
grid
controller
voltage
microgrid
command
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/082127
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵帅央
兰云海
秦承志
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Beijing Etechwin Electric Co Ltd
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Beijing Etechwin Electric Co Ltd
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Application filed by Beijing Etechwin Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Beijing Etechwin Electric Co Ltd
Priority to ES18893524T priority Critical patent/ES3004339T3/es
Priority to AU2018393156A priority patent/AU2018393156B2/en
Priority to EP18893524.1A priority patent/EP3734787B1/en
Priority to US16/764,865 priority patent/US11509166B2/en
Publication of WO2019127969A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019127969A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
    • H02J13/16—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network the power network being controlled at grid-level, e.g. using aggregators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/28—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/36—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
    • H02J13/13—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network
    • H02J13/1321—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H02J13/1323—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using optical fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
    • H02J13/14—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network the power network being locally controlled, e.g. home energy management systems [HEMS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/40—Synchronisation of generators for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/42—Synchronisation of generators for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/40—Synchronisation of generators for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/44—Synchronisation of generators for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of active power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2103/00—Details of circuit arrangements for mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2103/30—Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
    • H02J2103/35—Grid-level management of power transmission or distribution systems, e.g. load flow analysis or active network management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/10—Local stationary networks having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/388—Arrangements for the handling of islanding, e.g. for disconnection or for avoiding the disconnection of power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/14—District level solutions, i.e. local energy networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to microgrids and, more particularly, to a microgrid control system and a microgrid.
  • a microgrid is a system of control units, energy storage devices, loads, and micro-power supplies that supply electrical energy to a load.
  • the microgrid can be operated in parallel with the external grid or in isolation.
  • the real-time nature of the existing microgrid depends on the communication and the corresponding speed of the downstream equipment, and the stability of the operation of the microgrid system is poor and needs to be improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a microgrid control system and a microgrid, which enhance the stability of the microgrid operation through hierarchical control.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a microgrid control system including: a grid switch, an energy router, a first controller, and a second controller, wherein the first controller controls the Closing and disconnecting the network switch, and transmitting a first control command according to a state of the microgrid control system; the second controller receiving the first control command from the first controller, in response to the A control command controls the energy router.
  • Another aspect of the present invention also provides a microgrid comprising: the microgrid control system as described above, and an energy storage unit and a load; the energy storage unit is connected to one end of the energy router, and the other end of the energy router is connected to the network a switch is connected to the power grid; the energy router provides power to the load; the energy storage unit and the grid-connected switch are connected to the first controller through the optical fiber network; the energy router is connected to the second controller through the optical fiber network, the second controller Connecting the first controller through the optical fiber network; when the microgrid system is in an off-grid state, the microgrid control system converts the direct current of the energy storage unit into alternating current to supply power to the load; When the microgrid system is in the grid-connected state, the microgrid control system converts the alternating current of the grid into direct current to charge the energy storage unit.
  • microgrid control system and the microgrid of the invention enhance the stability of the microgrid operation through hierarchical control; in addition, the dual closed loop control of voltage and current achieves the capability of 100% unbalanced load in the off-grid state.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a microgrid control system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a hardware connection diagram of a microgrid control system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of determining an angle of positive and negative sequential rotational coordinate transformation of an output voltage and an output current of an energy router, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of determining a d-axis component of a positive sequence output voltage of an energy router, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of determining a q-axis component of a positive sequence output voltage of an energy router, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of determining a DC component of positive and negative sequence components of an output voltage, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of determining actual output active power and actual output reactive power, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of determining a DC component of a positive and negative sequence component of an output current, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 illustrates experimental waveforms with unbalanced loads in a VSG control mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates experimental waveforms of an energy router black start in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of determining a positive and negative sequence output voltage component of an energy router in a stationary coordinate system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a diagram showing the obtaining of each harmonic voltage given in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of generating a modulated wave in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an experimental waveform in which an off-grid state is switched to a grid-connected state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 15 is a diagram showing the determination of positive and negative sequence output voltage components in a stationary coordinate system in a grid-connected state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an experimental waveform in which a grid-connected state is switched to an off-grid state, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 17 shows a block diagram of a microgrid system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 through 17 A microgrid control system and a microgrid according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 through 17.
  • a microgrid control system includes a grid-connected switch 100, a first controller 200, a second controller 300, and an energy router 400.
  • the grid switch 100, the first controller 200, the second controller 300, and the energy router 400 communicate with each other using an optical fiber.
  • the fiber optic communication protocol can be a custom proprietary protocol to maximize real-time performance.
  • fiber optic communication coding and decoding can be performed through a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the first controller 200 controls the closing and opening of the grid switch 100, and transmits a first control command according to the state of the micro grid control system; the second controller 300 receives the first from the first controller 200 Control instructions that control the energy router 400 in response to the first control command.
  • the micro-grid control system when the grid-connected switch 100 is closed, the micro-grid control system is in a grid-connected state; when the grid-connected switch 100 is turned off, the micro-grid control system is in an off-grid state.
  • the second controller 300 includes a digital signal processor (DSP).
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the second controller 300 can be configured to be in a VSG control mode when the digital signal processor is running the VSG algorithm and in a PQ control mode when the digital signal processor is running the PQ algorithm.
  • the first controller 200 can also include a digital signal processor to utilize a control algorithm.
  • data exchange is possible with the digital signal processor via a field programmable gate array.
  • the first controller 200 when the grid switch 100 is disconnected, the first controller 200 generates a first frequency adjustment command and a first voltage adjustment command according to the actual voltage and frequency of the power grid, according to the grid three-phase voltage and the micro-grid three-phase.
  • the voltage determines a first active power command and a first reactive power command, and the first frequency adjustment command, the first voltage adjustment command, the first active power command, and the first reactive power command are used as the first control command
  • the second controller 300 is in a VSG (ie, virtual synchronous generator) control mode.
  • VSG virtual synchronous generator
  • the micro-grid control system when the grid-connected switch 100 is disconnected, the micro-grid control system is in an off-grid state, and the first controller 200 sets the first frequency adjustment command, the first voltage adjustment command, the first active power command, and the first The reactive power command is transmitted as a first control command, the second controller 300 is in a VSG control mode, and controls the energy router 400 in response to the received first control command.
  • the first controller 200 determines the grid voltage amplitude U outg and the grid angular frequency, and uses the grid voltage amplitude U outg as the first voltage adjustment command U ref , and uses the grid angular frequency as the first frequency Adjusting the command ⁇ ref ; and the first controller 200 further determines the difference between the grid frequency F reqg , the micro grid frequency F reqm and the micro grid voltage amplitude U outm , the grid frequency F reqg and the micro grid frequency F reqm Performing PI (proportional integral) adjustment, and determining the difference adjusted by PI as the first active power command P ref , and performing PI on the difference between the grid voltage amplitude U outg and the micro grid voltage amplitude U outm The adjustment is made and the PI adjusted difference is determined as the first reactive power command Q ref .
  • the above two PI adjustments simulate the voltage regulation and frequency modulation process of the synchronous generator.
  • the voltage amplitude and frequency output by the microgrid can be consistent with the voltage amplitude and frequency of the grid output, and the output of the microgrid
  • the voltage phase and the voltage phase of the grid output are inconsistent.
  • the first controller 200 collects the three-phase voltage of the power grid, calculates the grid voltage amplitude U outg , the grid frequency F reqg and the grid voltage phase Thetag through a software phase-locked loop (PLL), and multiplies 2 ⁇ by the frequency F of the grid. Reqg is determined as the grid angular frequency.
  • PLL software phase-locked loop
  • the first controller 200 collects the three-phase voltage of the micro-grid, and calculates the micro-grid voltage amplitude U outm , the micro-grid frequency F reqm and the micro-grid voltage phase Thetam through the software phase-locked loop.
  • the second controller 300 receives the first voltage adjustment command U ref and the first frequency adjustment command ⁇ ref , and is responsive to the first voltage adjustment command U ref and the first frequency adjustment command ⁇ ref to energy
  • the router 400 performs control so that the voltage amplitude and frequency output by the microgrid are consistent with the voltage amplitude and frequency of the grid output.
  • the second controller 300 receives the first active power command P ref and the first reactive power command Q ref , and is responsive to the first active power command P ref and the first reactive power command Q ref
  • the energy router 400 is controlled to cause the energy router 400 to output active and reactive power that match the load.
  • the second controller 300 determines the actual output active power Pout and the actual output reactive power Qout according to the output voltage of the energy router 400 (ie, the output voltage of the microgrid), and invokes the rotor motion equation and the prime mover adjustment.
  • the equation determines the angle ⁇ of the positive and negative sequential rotational coordinate transformation of the output voltage and the output current of the energy router 400 in combination with the actual output active power P out , the first active power command P ref and the first frequency adjustment command ⁇ ref .
  • the second controller 300 determines the positive sequence output voltage of the energy router 400 according to the actual output reactive power Q out , the first reactive power command Q ref , and the first voltage adjustment command U ref .
  • the d and q axis components are given U dref , U qref , and the d and q axis components of the negative sequence output voltage of the energy router 400 are set to zero.
  • the second controller 300 is configured to perform positive sequence and negative sequence rotational coordinate transformation on the output voltage of the energy router 400 to obtain positive sequence components U d , U q of the output voltage and a negative sequence component U dn , U qn ; a DC component of the DC component U dNotch , U qNotch and the negative sequence components U dn , U qn of the positive sequence components U d , U q of the output voltage are obtained by a notch (Notch) UdnNotch , U qnNotch ; the output current of the energy router 400 is subjected to positive sequence and negative sequence rotation coordinate transformation to obtain the positive sequence components I d , I q and the negative sequence components I dn and I qn of the output current; the output of the positive sequence component current I d, I q of the DC component I dNotch, I qNotch and the negative sequence component I dn, the DC component I qn I
  • the second controller 300 is further configured to: pass the positive sequence components U d , U q and the negative sequence components U dn , U qn of the output voltage notch filter center frequency is twice the output frequency to obtain a positive sequence component of the output voltage U d, U q of the direct current component U dNotch, U qNotch and negative sequence components U dn, the direct current component U qn UdnNotch, U qnNotch . 9 shows an experimental waveform with an unbalanced load in a VSG control mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
  • a curve 1 is a line voltage Uab output by the energy router 400
  • a curve 2 is a line voltage Ubc output by the energy router 400
  • Curves 3, 4, and 5 are three-phase currents Ia, Ib, and Ic output by the quantity router 400. It can be seen from FIG. 9 that the technical solution with the unbalanced load in the off-grid state can control the output voltage to be balanced and is not affected by the unbalanced load, thereby verifying the correctness of the control algorithm.
  • the instantaneous active power can be calculated by the following formula:
  • U dNotch is the d-axis DC component of the positive sequence component of the output voltage
  • U qNotch is the q-axis DC component of the positive sequence component of the output voltage
  • I dNotch is the d-axis of the positive sequence component of the output current
  • the DC component, I qNotch is the q-axis DC component of the positive sequence component of the output current.
  • the instantaneous reactive power can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the second controller 300 passes the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power through the low-pass filter to obtain the actual output active power P out and the actual output reactive power Q out , which can improve the second in the off-grid state.
  • ⁇ ref is the first frequency adjustment command
  • ⁇ out is the output voltage angular frequency
  • P out is the actual output active power
  • P m is the VSG virtual mechanical power given
  • J is the virtual moment of inertia
  • D is the virtual damping coefficient
  • ⁇ is the angle of the positive and negative sequential rotational coordinate transformation of the output voltage and output current of the energy router 400.
  • the prime mover adjustment equation is:
  • P ref is the first active power command
  • K p is the active adjustment coefficient
  • P m is the VSG virtual mechanical power given
  • the first active power command and the virtual governor are combined according to the angular power deviation output power.
  • the voltage regulation of the second controller 300 in the VSG control mode is to simulate the reactive voltage sagging relationship of the synchronous generator to obtain the VSG output voltage, as shown in the following equation:
  • E ref is the VSG output voltage
  • U ref is the first voltage regulation command
  • Q ref is the first reactive power command
  • Q out is the actual output reactive power
  • K q is the reactive power difference coefficient
  • the virtual impedance ⁇ L V is added . Therefore, the d and q axis components of the positive sequence output voltage of the energy router 400 are given by U dref and U qref by the following formula:
  • the d and q-axis components of the negative sequence output voltage of the energy router 400 are set to zero.
  • the second controller 300 calls a ramp function to add the first voltage adjustment command U ref to the output of the reactive offset adjustment, thereby implementing a zero-start boost function.
  • the output voltage of the energy router (ie the output voltage of the microgrid) gradually rises from zero to a given value.
  • 10 shows an experimental waveform of an energy router black start according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 10, curve 1 is a line voltage U ab output by the energy router 400, and curve 2 is a line voltage U bc output by the energy router 400. As can be seen from Fig. 10, the microgrid voltage gradually rises from zero to a given voltage, which reduces the magnetizing inrush current of the distribution transformer and ensures the stability of the frequency and voltage of the microgrid.
  • the second controller 300 is further configured to: give d, q-axis components of the positive and negative sequence output voltages of the energy router 400 with DC components U dNotch , U qNotch of positive and negative sequence components of the output voltage
  • the difference between U dnNotch and U qnNotch is PI adjusted, and the difference after PI adjustment is given as the positive and negative sequence output current components of the energy router 400, I dref , I qref , I dnref , I qnref ; energy router 400 positive and negative sequence current component of the output of a given I dref, I qref, I dnref , I qnref negative sequence component of the output current of the DC component I dNotch, I qNotch, I dnNotch , I qnNotch difference, Determining the positive and negative sequence output voltage components of the energy router 400 in the stationary coordinate system given U alfapref , U betapref
  • the second controller 300 gives the positive and negative sequence output current components of the energy router 400 to I dref , I qref , I dnref , I qnref and the DC components I dNotch , I qNotch of the positive and negative sequence components of the output current.
  • the difference between I dnNotch and I qnNotch is adjusted by PI, plus the voltage coupling term generated by the reactor, and then inversely transformed to obtain the positive and negative sequence output voltage components of the energy router 400 in the stationary coordinate system given U alfapref , U betapref , U Alfanref , U betanref .
  • the second controller 300 detects the odd harmonics in the output voltage of the energy router 400, and determines the DC component of each harmonic voltage, and performs PI adjustment on the difference between the DC component of the respective harmonic voltages and 0. And obtaining the U alfahref and U betahref for each harmonic voltage by inversely transforming the difference after the PI adjustment, thereby suppressing harmonics in the output voltage of the energy router 400.
  • the active power is 90 kW
  • the reactive power is 30 kW.
  • Five times of the output voltage of the energy router 400 is calculated by FFT analysis without harmonic suppression.
  • the harmonic content is 6.7%
  • the 7th harmonic content is 3.5%
  • the 11th harmonic content is 2.2%
  • the 13th harmonic content is 1.8%.
  • the 5th harmonic content in the output voltage of the energy router 400 is calculated by the FFT analysis to be 0.23%
  • the 7th harmonic content is 0.14%
  • the 11th harmonic content is 0.10%, 13 times.
  • the harmonic content is 0.08%. It can be seen that the 5, 7, 11, and 13 harmonics of the output voltage of the energy router 400 are well suppressed, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the harmonic suppression control algorithm.
  • the second controller 300 detects the 5th, 7th, 11th, and 13th harmonics in the output voltage of the energy router 400, and converts the output voltage of the energy router 400 by the rotational coordinate transformation to obtain the component of the time.
  • the 5th and 11th harmonics appear as negative sequence components
  • the 7th and 13th harmonics appear as positive sequence components. Therefore, the rotation angles of 5 and 11 times are -5 ⁇ ⁇ and -11, respectively.
  • the negative-sequence rotation coordinate transformation of ⁇ is performed by transforming the positive-sequence rotation coordinates of 7 ⁇ and 13 ⁇ at 7 and 13 times, respectively, to obtain the component of the second time.
  • the second controller 300 obtains the feedforward quantities U alfa , U beta of the output voltage by static coordinate transformation on the output voltage of the energy router 400, and calls SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation) modulated wave generation.
  • the function combines the positive and negative sequence output voltage components in the stationary coordinate system to give U alfapref , U betapref , U alfanref , U betanref , each harmonic voltage given U alfahref , U betahref , the feed forward amount of the output voltage U alfa
  • the first controller 200 determines the grid voltage amplitude U outg , the grid voltage phase Thetag, the microgrid voltage phase Thetam, and the microgrid angular frequency, and detects the grid voltage phase. Whether the difference between the tag and the microgrid voltage phase Thetam reaches a predetermined threshold; when the first controller 200 detects that the difference reaches a predetermined threshold, the control of the grid-connected switch 100 is closed, thereby achieving an off-grid state smoothly switching to a grid-connected state. .
  • the first controller 200 obtains the second frequency adjustment instruction by superimposing a predetermined multiple of the difference value on the microgrid angular frequency, and determines the grid voltage amplitude U outg as the second voltage adjustment instruction, and further determines a second active power command and a second reactive power command matched with the load, and then the second frequency adjustment command, the second voltage adjustment command, the second active power command, and the second reactive power The power command is used as the first control command.
  • the predetermined multiple is 5 times, but the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the active power in the off-grid state is 100kw, and the reactive power is 90kw; the active power in the grid-connected state is 10kw, and the reactive power is 0kw.
  • Curves 1 and 2 are the line voltages U ab , U bc output by the energy router 400
  • curves 3 , 4 , 5 are the three-phase currents I a , I b , I c output by the energy router 400
  • curve 6 is the grid-connected switch 100 status.
  • the off-grid state is switched to the grid-connected state, the voltage and current output by the energy router 400 have no impact, and the power after the grid is quickly tracked for active and reactive commands in the grid-connected state.
  • the first controller 200 when the grid-connected switch 100 is closed, the first controller 200 generates a third active power command and a third reactive power command as the first control command according to the power of the load and the state of the energy storage unit.
  • the second controller 300 is in the PQ (active power) control mode.
  • the micro-grid control system when the grid-connected switch 100 is closed, the micro-grid control system is in a grid-connected state, and the first controller 200 transmits the third active power command and the third reactive power command as the first control command.
  • the second controller 300 is in the PQ control mode and controls the energy router 400 in response to the received first control command.
  • the second controller 300 does not perform voltage closed-loop control and voltage harmonic suppression control. And, the second controller 300 sets the negative sequence output current components of the energy router 400 to I dnref and I qnref to zero.
  • the second controller 300 gives I dref , I qref , I dnref , I qnref and the DC component I dNotch of the positive and negative sequence components of the output current of the energy router 400 according to the positive and negative sequence output current components of the energy router 400.
  • I qNotch , I dnNotch , I qnNotch determine the positive and negative sequence output voltage components in the stationary coordinate system given U alfapref , U betapref , U alfanref , U betanref , and call the SVPWM modulated wave generation function in combination with the stationary coordinate system
  • the positive and negative sequence output voltage components are given by the sum of U alfapref , U betapref , U alfanref , U betanref and the feed forward amount U alfa , U beta of the output voltage of the energy router 400 to generate a modulated wave to control the energy router. run.
  • the second controller 300 the positive and negative sequence current component of the output energy of the router 400 for a given I dref, I qref, I dnref , I qnref energy router DC component positive and negative sequence component of the output current 400 I dNotch, The difference between I qNotch , I dnNotch and I qnNotch , after PI adjustment, plus the voltage coupling term generated by the reactor, and then inverse transformation to obtain the positive and negative sequence output voltage components in the stationary coordinate system given U alfapref , U betapref , U Alfanref , U betanref , and call the SVPWM modulated wave generating function in combination with the positive and negative sequence output voltage components in the stationary coordinate system to give the feed forward of the output voltage of U alfapref , U betapref , U alfanref , U betanref and energy router 400 The sum of U alfa and U beta to generate modulated waves.
  • the control grid-connected switch 100 when the first controller 200 detects a grid fault when the microgrid control system is in the grid-connected state, the control grid-connected switch 100 is turned off.
  • the first controller generates a fourth active power command and a fourth reactive power command according to a current flowing through the grid switch, and then uses the fourth active power command and the fourth reactive power command as The first control instruction.
  • the active power in the off-grid state is 100 kw, and the reactive power is 90 kw.
  • Curves 1 and 2 are the line voltages U ab , U bc output by the energy router 400
  • curves 3 , 4 , 5 are the three-phase currents I a , I b , I c output by the energy router 400
  • curve 6 is the grid-connected switch 100 status. It can be seen from FIG. 16 that the output power of the energy router 400 before the off-grid is matched with the load, so that the current flowing through the grid switch 100 can be ensured to be small, and the voltage and current are not in the process of switching the grid state to the off-grid state. Shock.
  • FIG. 1 A microgrid system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with FIG.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a microgrid system including: a microgrid control system, an energy storage unit 10 and a load 20 as described above; and an end of the energy storage unit 10 connected to the energy router 400
  • the other end of the energy router 400 is connected to the power grid 30 through the grid switch 100; the energy router 400 provides power to the load 20; the energy storage unit 10 and the grid switch 100 are connected to the first controller 200 through a fiber optic network; and the energy router 400 is connected through the optical network.
  • the second controller 300 is connected, and the second controller 300 is connected to the first controller 200 through a fiber optic network.
  • the microgrid control system converts the direct current of the energy storage unit 10 into alternating current to supply the load 20; when the microgrid is in the grid-connected state, the microgrid control system converts the alternating current of the grid 30 It is DC power to charge the energy storage unit 10.
  • microgrid control system and the microgrid according to the embodiments of the present invention enhance the stability of the microgrid operation through hierarchical control; in addition, the double closed loop control of voltage and current realizes 100% unbalanced load in the off-grid state. Ability.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种微电网控制系统及微电网，微电网控制系统包括：并网开关、能量路由器、第一控制器和第二控制器，第一控制器控制并网开关并发送第一控制指令，第二控制器接收第一控制指令，响应于第一控制指令对能量路由器进行控制。

Description

微电网控制系统及微电网 技术领域
本发明总体说来涉及微电网，更具体地讲，涉及一种微电网控制系统及微电网。
背景技术
随着电力新技术的发展，人们通过引入微电网结构来对外部电网进行调整，从而有利于分布式电源互联并大规模的接入到中低压配电系统中来。微电网是一组控制装置、储能装置、负荷、和微电源构成的系统单元，向负荷供给电能。微电网既可以与外部电网并网运行，也可以孤立运行。
然而，现有的微电网的实时性取决于通讯以及下游设备的相应速度，并且微电网系统运行的稳定性较差，亟待改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种微电网控制系统及微电网，通过分层控制增强微电网运行的稳定性。
本发明的一方面提供一种微电网控制系统，所述微电网控制系统包括：并网开关、能量路由器、第一控制器和第二控制器，其中，所述第一控制器控制所述并网开关的闭合和断开，并根据所述微电网控制系统的状态发送第一控制指令；所述第二控制器从所述第一控制器接收所述第一控制指令，响应于所述第一控制指令对所述能量路由器进行控制。
本发明的另一方面还提供一种微电网，包括：如上所述的微电网控制系统，以及储能单元和负载；所述储能单元连接能量路由器的一端，能量路由器的另一端通过并网开关连接电网；所述能量路由器为负载提供电能；所述储能单元和并网开关通过光纤网络连接第一控制器；所述能量路由器通过光纤网络连接第二控制器，所述第二控制器通过光纤网络连接第一控制器；在所述微电网系统处于离网状态时，所述微电网控制系统将所述储能单元的直流电转换为交流电，以对所述负载进行供电；在所述微电网系统处于并网状 态时，所述微电网控制系统将电网的交流电转换为直流电，以对所述储能单元进行充电。
本发明的微电网控制系统及微电网通过分层控制增强微电网运行的稳定性；此外，还通过电压和电流的双闭环控制，实现离网状态下带100％不平衡负载的能力。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图进行的详细描述，本发明的上述和其它目的、特点和优点将会变得更加清楚，其中：
图1示出根据本发明的实施例的微电网控制系统的框图；
图2示出根据本发明的实施例的微电网控制系统的硬件连接示意图；
图3示出根据本发明的实施例的确定能量路由器的输出电压和输出电流的正负序旋转坐标变换的角度的示意图；
图4示出根据本发明的实施例的确定能量路由器的正序输出电压的d轴分量给定的示意图；
图5示出根据本发明的实施例的确定能量路由器的正序输出电压的q轴分量给定的示意图；
图6示出根据本发明的实施例的确定输出电压的正负序分量的直流分量的示意图；
图7示出根据本发明的实施例的确定实际输出有功功率和实际输出无功功率的示意图；
图8示出根据本发明的实施例的确定输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量的示意图；
图9示出根据本发明的实施例的VSG控制模式下带不平衡负载的实验波形；
图10示出根据本发明的实施例的能量路由器黑启动的实验波形；
图11示出根据本发明的实施例的确定静止坐标系下能量路由器的正负序输出电压分量给定的示意图；
图12示出根据本发明的实施例的获得各次谐波电压给定的示意图；
图13示出根据本发明的实施例的产生调制波的示意图；
图14示出根据本发明的实施例的离网状态切换为并网状态的实验波形；
图15示出根据本发明的实施例的并网状态下确定静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定的示意图；
图16示出根据本发明的实施例的并网状态切换为离网状态的实验波形；
图17示出根据本发明的实施例的微电网系统的框图。
具体实施方式
现在，将参照附图更充分地描述不同的示例实施例，其中，一些示例性实施例在附图中示出。
下面参照图1至图17描述根据本发明的实施例的微电网控制系统及微电网。
参照图1和图2，根据本发明的实施例的微电网控制系统包括：并网开关100、第一控制器200、第二控制器300和能量路由器400。并网开关100、第一控制器200、第二控制器300和能量路由器400之间采用光纤进行通信。这里，光纤通讯协议可为自定义的私有协议，以最大限度提高实时性能。作为示例，可通过现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)进行光纤通讯编码与解码。
这里，第一控制器200控制并网开关100的闭合和断开，并根据所述微电网控制系统的状态发送第一控制指令；第二控制器300从第一控制器200接收所述第一控制指令，响应于所述第一控制指令对能量路由器400进行控制。
应当理解，当并网开关100闭合时，所述微电网控制系统处于并网状态；当并网开关100断开时，所述微电网控制系统处于离网状态。
这里，第二控制器300包括数字信号处理器(DSP)。第二控制器300可被配置为当所述数字信号处理器运行VSG算法时处于VSG控制模式，当所述数字信号处理器运行PQ算法时处于PQ控制模式。
应当理解，第一控制器200也可包括数字信号处理器，以运用控制算法。
优选地，可通过现场可编程门阵列与数字信号处理器进行数据交换。
在一个实施例中，当并网开关100断开时，第一控制器200根据电网的实际电压和频率产生第一频率调节指令和第一电压调节指令，根据电网三相电压和微电网三相电压确定第一有功功率指令和第一无功功率指令，并将所述第一频率调节指令、第一电压调节指令、第一有功功率指令和第一无功功率指令作为所述第一控制指令；第二控制器300处于VSG(即，虚拟同步发 电机)控制模式。
也就是说，当并网开关100断开时，所述微电网控制系统处于离网状态，第一控制器200将第一频率调节指令、第一电压调节指令、第一有功功率指令和第一无功功率指令作为第一控制指令进行发送，第二控制器300处于VSG控制模式，并响应于接收的所述第一控制指令对能量路由器400进行控制。
下面详细介绍离网状态下第一控制器200的控制过程。
第一控制器200确定电网电压幅值U outg和电网角频率，并将所述电网电压幅值U outg作为所述第一电压调节指令U ref，将所述电网角频率作为所述第一频率调节指令ω ref；并且，第一控制器200还确定电网频率F reqg、微电网频率F reqm和微电网电压幅值U outm，对所述电网频率F reqg和所述微电网频率F reqm的差进行PI(比例积分)调节，并将经过PI调节的差确定为所述第一有功功率指令P ref，对所述电网电压幅值U outg和所述微电网电压幅值U outm的差进行PI调节，并将经过PI调节的差确定为所述第一无功功率指令Q ref。
这里，上述两个PI调节模拟了同步发电机的调压和调频过程，在离网状态下可以使微电网输出的电压幅值、频率与电网输出的电压幅值、频率一致，微电网输出的电压相位和电网输出的电压相位不一致。
优选地，第一控制器200采集电网三相电压，通过软件锁相环(PLL)计算出电网电压幅值U outg、电网频率F reqg和电网电压相位Thetag，并将2π乘以电网的频率F reqg确定为电网角频率。
优选地，第一控制器200采集微电网三相电压，通过软件锁相环计算出微电网电压幅值U outm、微电网的频率F reqm和微电网电压相位Thetam。
下面详细介绍离网状态下第二控制器300的控制过程。
第二控制器300接收所述第一电压调节指令U ref和所述第一频率调节指令ω ref，并响应于所述第一电压调节指令U ref和所述第一频率调节指令ω ref对能量路由器400进行控制，以使微电网输出的电压幅值、频率与电网输出的电压幅值、频率一致。此外，第二控制器300接收所述第一有功功率指令P ref和第一无功功率指令Q ref，并响应于所述第一有功功率指令P ref和所述第一无功功率指令Q ref对能量路由器400进行控制，以使能量路由器400输出与负载相匹配的有功功率和无功功率。
参照图3，第二控制器300根据能量路由器400的输出电压(即，微电 网的输出电压)确定实际输出有功功率P out和实际输出无功功率Q out，并调用转子运动方程和原动机调节方程结合所述实际输出有功功率P out、所述第一有功功率指令P ref和所述第一频率调节指令ω ref确定能量路由器400的输出电压和输出电流的正负序旋转坐标变换的角度θ。
参照图4和图5，第二控制器300根据实际输出无功功率Q out、所述第一无功功率指令Q ref和所述第一电压调节指令U ref确定能量路由器400的正序输出电压的d、q轴分量给定U dref、U qref，并将能量路由器400的负序输出电压的d、q轴分量给定设为0。
参照图6、图7和图8，第二控制器300被配置为：将能量路由器400的输出电压进行正序和负序旋转坐标变换得到所述输出电压的正序分量U d、U q和负序分量U dn、U qn；通过陷波器(Notch)得到所述输出电压的正序分量U d、U q的直流分量U dNotch、U qNotch和负序分量U dn、U qn的直流分量 UdnNotch、U qnNotch；将能量路由器400的输出电流进行正序和负序旋转坐标变换得到所述输出电流的正序分量I d、I q和负序分量I dn、I qn；通过陷波器得到所述输出电流的正序分量I d、I q的直流分量I dNotch、I qNotch和负序分量I dn、I qn的直流分量I dnNotch、I qnNotch；根据所述输出电压的正负序分量的直流分量U dNotch、U qNotch、U dnNotch、U qnNotch以及所述输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量I dNotch、I qNotch、I dnNotch、I qnNotch，计算能量路由器400的瞬时有功功率和瞬时无功功率；将所述瞬时有功功率和所述瞬时无功功率经过低通滤波器(LPF)得到实际输出有功功率P out和实际输出无功功率Q out。
优选地，为了抑制不平衡负载导致的输出电压的不平衡，第二控制器300还被配置为：将所述输出电压的正序分量U d、U q和负序分量U dn、U qn经过中心频率为2倍输出频率的陷波器，来得到所述输出电压的正序分量U d、U q的直流分量U dNotch、U qNotch和负序分量U dn、U qn的直流分量 UdnNotch、U qnNotch。图9示出根据本发明的实施例的VSG控制模式下带不平衡负载的实验波形，参照图9，曲线1是能量路由器400输出的线电压Uab，曲线2是能量路由器400输出的线电压Ubc，曲线3、4、5是量路由器400输出的三相电流Ia、Ib、Ic。由图9可知，本技术方案在离网状态下带不平衡负载可以控制输出电压是平衡的，不受不平衡负载的影响，从而验证了控制算法的正确。
这里，所述瞬时有功功率可通过以下式子进行计算：
1.5×(U dNotch×I dNotch+U qNotch×I qNotch)，
其中，U dNotch为所述输出电压的正序分量的d轴直流分量，U qNotch为所述输出电压的正序分量的q轴直流分量，I dNotch为所述输出电流的正序分量的d轴直流分量，I qNotch为所述输出电流的正序分量的q轴直流分量。
所述瞬时无功功率可通过以下式子进行计算：
1.5×(U qNotch×I dNotch-U dNotch×I qNotch)。
应当理解，第二控制器300将所述瞬时有功功率和所述瞬时无功功率经过低通滤波器得到实际输出有功功率P out和实际输出无功功率Q out，可以提高离网状态下第二控制器的VSG控制模式的稳定性。
这里，转子运动方程为：
Figure PCTCN2018082127-appb-000001
其中，ω ref为所述第一频率调节指令，ω out为输出电压角频率，P out为实际输出有功功率，P m为VSG虚拟机械功率给定，J为虚拟转动惯量，D为虚拟阻尼系数，θ为能量路由器400的输出电压和输出电流的正负序旋转坐标变换的角度。
原动机调节方程为：
P m＝P ref+K p(ω ref-ω out)，
其中，P ref为第一有功功率指令，K p为有功调差系数，P m为VSG虚拟机械功率给定，由第一有功功率指令和虚拟调速器根据角频率偏差输出的调节功率共同组成，由分布式电源和储能单元来模拟同步机的原动机来提供。
第二控制器300在VSG控制模式下的调压是模拟同步发电机的无功电压下垂关系来得到VSG输出电压，具体如下式所示：
E ref＝K q(Q ref-Q out)+U ref，
其中，E ref为VSG输出电压，U ref为第一电压调节指令，Q ref为第一无功功率指令，Q out为实际输出无功功率，K q为无功调差系数。
为了多机并联运行的稳定，增加了虚拟阻抗ωL V，故能量路由器400的正序输出电压的d、q轴分量给定U dref、U qref可通过下式确定：
Figure PCTCN2018082127-appb-000002
为了实现离网状态下带不平衡负载，将能量路由器400的负序输出电压 的d、q轴分量给定设为0。
为了使能量路由器400具有离网黑启动功能，第二控制器300调用斜坡函数来将所述第一电压调节指令U ref添加到无功偏差调节的输出上，从而实现零启升压功能，使能量路由器的输出电压(即微电网的输出电压)从零逐步上升到给定值。图10示出根据本发明的实施例的能量路由器黑启动的实验波形，参照图10，曲线1是能量路由器400输出的线电压U ab，曲线2是能量路由器400输出的线电压U bc，由图10可知，微电网电压是从零逐渐上升到给定电压，减小了配电变压器的励磁涌流，保证了微电网的频率和电压的稳定。
参照图11，第二控制器300还被配置为：对能量路由器400的正负序输出电压的d、q轴分量给定与所述输出电压的正负序分量的直流分量U dNotch、U qNotch、U dnNotch、U qnNotch的差进行PI调节，并将经过PI调节之后的差作为能量路由器400的正负序输出电流分量给定I dref、I qref、I dnref、I qnref；根据经过PI调节的能量路由器400的正负序输出电流分量给定I dref、I qref、I dnref、I qnref与所述输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量I dNotch、I qNotch、I dnNotch、I qnNotch的差，确定静止坐标系下能量路由器400的正负序输出电压分量给定U alfapref、U betapref、U alfanref、U betanref，以实现电压和电流的双闭环控制，从而实现离网状态下带100％不平衡负载。
优选地，第二控制器300将能量路由器400的正负序输出电流分量给定I dref、I qref、I dnref、I qnref与所述输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量I dNotch、I qNotch、I dnNotch、I qnNotch的差经过PI调节，加上电抗器产生的电压耦合项，再经过反变换得到静止坐标系下能量路由器400的正负序输出电压分量给定U alfapref、U betapref、U alfanref、U betanref。
在离网状态下带非线性负载时，如果不进行谐波抑制，将会导致能量路由器400的输出电压中含有奇次谐波，导致输出电压的谐波畸变率THD超标，不满足敏感负载供电的电能质量要求。因此，第二控制器300检测能量路由器400的输出电压中的奇次谐波，并确定各次谐波电压的直流分量，对所述各次谐波电压的直流分量与0的差进行PI调节，并通过对经过PI调节之后差进行反变换来获得各次谐波电压给定U alfahref、U betahref，从而抑制能量路由器400的输出电压中的谐波。
作为示例，离网状态下带不控整流非线性负载，有功功率为90kW、无 功功率为30kW，在没有进行谐波抑制的情况下，由FFT分析计算能量路由器400的输出电压中的5次谐波含量为6.7％，7次谐波含量为3.5％，11次谐波含量为2.2％，13次谐波含量为1.8％。在进行谐波抑制的情况下，由FFT分析计算能量路由器400的输出电压中的5次谐波含量为0.23％，7次谐波含量为0.14％，11次谐波含量为0.10％，13次谐波含量为0.08％。由此可见，能量路由器400的输出电压中的5、7、11、13谐波得到很好的抑制，从而验证了谐波抑制控制算法的有效性。
参照图12，第二控制器300检测能量路由器400的输出电压中的5、7、11、13次谐波，并将能量路由器400的输出电压经过旋转坐标变换得到该次的分量，应当理解，在一般平衡负载应用中，5、11次谐波表现为负序分量，7、13次谐波表现为正序分量，因此，将5、11次进行旋转角度分别为-5×θ和-11×θ的负序旋转坐标变换，将7、13次进行旋转角度分别为7×θ和13×θ的正序旋转坐标变换，从而得到该次的分量。然后，第二控制器300将得到的该次分量经过低通滤波器得到该次谐波电流的直流分量，对所述各次谐波电压的直流分量与0的差进行PI调节，并通过对经过PI调节之后差进行反变换来获得各次谐波电压给定(U alfahref、U betahref(h＝5、7、11、13))。
参照图13，第二控制器300通过对能量路由器400的输出电压经过静止坐标变换来获得所述输出电压的前馈量U alfa、U beta，并调用SVPWM(空间矢量脉宽调制)调制波生成函数结合静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定U alfapref、U betapref、U alfanref、U betanref、各次谐波电压给定U alfahref、U betahref、所述输出电压的前馈量U alfa、U beta之和，来产生调制波，以控制能量路由器400的运行。
在另一实施例中，当并网开关100断开时，第一控制器200确定电网电压幅值U outg、电网电压相位Thetag、微电网电压相位Thetam和微电网角频率，并检测电网电压相位Thetag和微电网电压相位Thetam的差值是否达到预定阈值；当第一控制器200检测到所述差值达到预定阈值时，控制并网开关100闭合，从而实现离网状态平稳切换为并网状态。
具体地，第一控制器200通过将所述差值的预定倍数叠加到所述微网角频率上来获得第二频率调节指令，并将电网电压幅值U outg作为第二电压调节指令，还确定与负载相匹配的第二有功功率指令和第二无功功率指令，然后将所述第二频率调节指令、所述第二电压调节指令、所述第二有功功率指令 和所述第二无功功率指令作为所述第一控制指令。
优选地，预定倍数为5倍，但本发明不限于此。
参照图14，离网状态下的有功功率为100kw，无功功率为90kw；并网状态下的有功功率为10kw，无功功率为0kw。曲线1和2是能量路由器400输出的线电压U ab、U bc，曲线3、4、5是能量路由器400输出的三相电流I a、I b、I c，曲线6为并网开关100的状态。由图14可知，离网状态切换到并网状态时，能量路由器400输出的电压和电流无冲击，并网后功率很快跟踪并网状态的有功和无功指令。
在又一实施例中，当并网开关100闭合时，第一控制器200根据负载的功率和储能单元的状态产生第三有功功率指令和第三无功功率指令作为所述第一控制指令；第二控制器300处于PQ(有功无功)控制模式。
也就是说，当并网开关100闭合时，所述微电网控制系统处于并网状态，第一控制器200将第三有功功率指令和第三无功功率指令作为第一控制指令进行发送，第二控制器300处于PQ控制模式，并响应于接收的所述第一控制指令对能量路由器400进行控制。
在并网状态下，第二控制器300不进行电压闭环控制和电压谐波抑制控制。并且，第二控制器300将能量路由器400的负序输出电流分量给定I dnref、I qnref设为0。
参照图15，第二控制器300根据能量路由器400的正负序输出电流分量给定I dref、I qref、I dnref、I qnref与能量路由器400的输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量I dNotch、I qNotch、I dnNotch、I qnNotch确定静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定U alfapref、U betapref、U alfanref、U betanref，并调用SVPWM调制波生成函数结合所述静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定U alfapref、U betapref、U alfanref、U betanref与能量路由器400的输出电压的前馈量U alfa、U beta之和，来产生调制波，以控制所述能量路由器的运行。
具体地，第二控制器300将能量路由器400的正负序输出电流分量给定I dref、I qref、I dnref、I qnref与能量路由器400的输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量I dNotch、I qNotch、I dnNotch、I qnNotch的差，经过PI调节，加上电抗器产生的电压耦合项，再经过反变换得到静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定U alfapref、U betapref、U alfanref、U betanref，并调用SVPWM调制波生成函数结合所述静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定U alfapref、U betapref、U alfanref、U betanref与能量路由 器400的输出电压的前馈量U alfa、U beta之和，来产生调制波。
在又一实施例中，当第一控制器200在所述微电网控制系统处于并网状态下检测到电网故障时，控制并网开关100断开。
在又一实施例中，当并网开关100闭合时，如果第一控制器200检测到流过并网开关100的电流达到预定电流阈值，则控制并网开关100断开，从而实现并网状态平稳切换为离网状态。
具体地，所述第一控制器根据流过并网开关的电流产生第四有功功率指令和第四无功功率指令，然后将所述第四有功功率指令和所述第四无功功率指令作为所述第一控制指令。
参照图16，离网状态下的有功功率为100kw，无功功率为90kw。曲线1和2是能量路由器400输出的线电压U ab、U bc，曲线3、4、5是能量路由器400输出的三相电流I a、I b、I c，曲线6为并网开关100的状态。由图16可知，在离网前能量路由器400的输出功率已经和负载相匹配，这样可以保证流过并网开关100的电流很小，并网状态切换到离网状态的过程中电压和电流没有冲击。
下面结合图17描述根据本发明的实施例的微电网系统。
参照图17，根据本发明的实施例还提供一种微电网系统，微电网系统包括：如上所述的微电网控制系统、储能单元10和负载20；储能单元10连接能量路由器400的一端，能量路由器400的另一端通过并网开关100连接电网30；能量路由器400为负载20提供电能；储能单元10和并网开关100通过光纤网络连接第一控制器200；能量路由器400通过光纤网络连接第二控制器300，第二控制器300通过光纤网络连接第一控制器200。
在微电网处于离网状态时，微电网控制系统将储能单元10的直流电转换为交流电，以对负载20进行供电；在微电网处于并网状态时，微电网控制系统将电网30的交流电转换为直流电，以对储能单元10进行充电。
此外，本发明的实施例的微电网控制系统及微电网通过分层控制增强微电网运行的稳定性；此外，还通过电压和电流的双闭环控制，实现离网状态下带100％不平衡负载的能力。
尽管已经参照其示例性实施例具体显示和描述了本发明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，在不脱离权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对其进行形式和细节上的各种改变。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种微电网控制系统，其特征在于，所述微电网控制系统包括：并网开关、能量路由器、第一控制器和第二控制器，
    其中，所述第一控制器控制所述并网开关的闭合和断开，并根据所述微电网控制系统的状态发送第一控制指令，
    所述第二控制器从所述第一控制器接收所述第一控制指令，响应于所述第一控制指令对所述能量路由器进行控制。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    当所述并网开关断开时，所述第一控制器根据电网的实际电压和频率产生第一频率调节指令和第一电压调节指令，根据电网三相电压和微电网三相电压确定第一有功功率指令和第一无功功率指令，并将所述第一频率调节指令、第一电压调节指令、第一有功功率指令和第一无功功率指令作为所述第一控制指令；
    其中，所述第二控制器处于VSG控制模式。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一控制器确定电网电压幅值和电网角频率，并将所述电网电压幅值作为所述第一电压调节指令，将所述电网角频率作为所述第一频率调节指令；
    所述第二控制器接收所述第一电压调节指令和所述第一频率调节指令，并响应于所述第一电压调节指令和所述第一频率调节指令对所述能量路由器进行控制，以使微电网输出的电压幅值、频率与电网输出的电压幅值、频率一致。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一控制器确定电网频率、电网电压幅值、微电网频率和微电网电压幅值，对所述电网频率和所述微电网频率的差进行PI调节，并将经过PI调节的差确定为所述第一有功功率指令，对所述电网电压幅值和所述微电网电压幅值的差进行PI调节，并将经过PI调节的差确定为所述第一无功功率指令；
    所述第二控制器接收所述第一有功功率指令和第一无功功率指令，并响应于所述第一有功功率指令和所述第一无功功率指令对所述能量路由器进行 控制，以使所述能量路由器输出与负载相匹配的有功功率和无功功率。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第二控制器根据所述能量路由器的输出电压确定实际输出有功功率和实际输出无功功率，并调用转子运动方程和原动机调节方程结合所述实际输出有功功率、所述第一有功功率指令和所述第一频率调节指令确定所述能量路由器的输出电压和输出电流的正负序旋转坐标变换的角度；
    所述第二控制器根据实际输出无功功率、所述第一无功功率指令和所述第一电压调节指令确定所述能量路由器的正序输出电压的d、q轴分量给定，并将所述能量路由器的负序输出电压的d、q轴分量给定设为0。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，所述第二控制器被配置为：
    将所述能量路由器的输出电压进行正序和负序旋转坐标变换得到所述输出电压的正负序分量；
    通过陷波器得到所述输出电压的正负序分量的直流分量；
    将所述能量路由器的输出电流进行正序和负序旋转坐标变换得到所述输出电流的正负序分量；
    通过陷波器得到所述输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量；
    根据所述输出电压的正负序分量的直流分量以及所述输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量，计算所述能量路由器的瞬时有功功率和瞬时无功功率；
    将所述瞬时有功功率和所述瞬时无功功率经过低通滤波器得到实际输出有功功率和实际输出无功功率。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，所述第二控制器还被配置为：
    对所述能量路由器的正负序输出电压的d、q轴分量给定与所述输出电压的正负序分量的直流分量的差进行PI调节，并将经过PI调节之后的差作为所述能量路由器的正负序输出电流分量给定；
    根据经过PI调节的所述能量路由器的正负序输出电流分量给定与所述输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量的差，确定静止坐标系下所述能量路由器的正负序输出电压分量给定，以实现电压和电流的双闭环控制。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第二控制器检测所述能量路由器的输出电压中的奇次谐波，并确定 各次谐波电压的直流分量，对所述各次谐波电压的直流分量与0的差进行PI调节，并通过对经过PI调节之后差进行反变换来获得各次谐波电压给定。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    第二控制器通过对所述能量路由器的输出电压经过静止坐标变换来获得所述输出电压的前馈量，并调用SVPWM调制波生成函数结合静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定、各次谐波电压给定、所述输出电压的前馈量之和，来产生调制波，以控制所述能量路由器的运行。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第二控制器调用斜坡函数来将所述第一电压调节指令添加到无功偏差调节的输出上。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    当所述并网开关断开时，所述第一控制器确定电网电压幅值、电网电压相位、微电网电压相位和微电网角频率，并检测所述电网电压相位和所述微电网电压相位的差值是否达到预定阈值；
    当所述第一控制器检测到所述差值达到预定阈值时，控制所述并网开关闭合。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一控制器通过将所述差值的预定倍数叠加到所述微电网角频率上来获得第二频率调节指令，并将所述电网电压幅值作为第二电压调节指令，还确定与负载相匹配的第二有功功率指令和第二无功功率指令，然后将所述第二频率调节指令、所述第二电压调节指令、所述第二有功功率指令和所述第二无功功率指令作为所述第一控制指令。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    当所述并网开关闭合时，所述第一控制器根据负载的功率和储能单元的状态产生第三有功功率指令和第三无功功率指令作为所述第一控制指令；
    其中，所述第二控制器处于PQ控制模式。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第二控制器根据所述能量路由器的正负序输出电流分量给定与所述能量路由器的输出电流的正负序分量的直流分量确定静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定，并调用SVPWM调制波生成函数结合所述静止坐标系下的正负序输出电压分量给定与所述能量路由器的输出电压的前馈量之和，来 产生调制波，以控制所述能量路由器的运行。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    当所述并网开关闭合时，如果所述第一控制器检测到流过所述并网开关的电流达到预定电流阈值，则控制所述并网开关断开。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一控制器根据流过并网开关的电流产生第四有功功率指令和第四无功功率指令，然后将所述第四有功功率指令和所述第四无功功率指令作为所述第一控制指令。
  17. 如权利要求1所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    当所述第一控制器在所述微电网控制系统处于并网状态下检测到电网故障时，控制所述并网开关断开。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的微电网控制系统，其特征在于，
    所述第二控制器包括数字信号处理器，
    其中，所述第二控制器被配置为当所述数字信号处理器运行VSG算法时处于VSG控制模式，当所述数字信号处理器运行PQ算法时处于PQ控制模式。
  19. 一种微电网，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1所述的微电网控制系统，以及储能单元和负载；其中，
    所述储能单元连接能量路由器的一端，能量路由器的另一端通过并网开关连接电网；所述能量路由器为负载提供电能；
    所述储能单元和并网开关通过光纤网络连接第一控制器；
    所述能量路由器通过光纤网络连接第二控制器，所述第二控制器通过光纤网络连接第一控制器；
    在所述微电网系统处于离网状态时，所述微电网控制系统将所述储能单元的直流电转换为交流电，以对所述负载进行供电；
    在所述微电网系统处于并网状态时，所述微电网控制系统将电网的交流电转换为直流电，以对所述储能单元进行充电。
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