WO2019129285A1 - 电池固定座、换电装置、电动车、电动车的安装方法 - Google Patents

电池固定座、换电装置、电动车、电动车的安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019129285A1
WO2019129285A1 PCT/CN2018/125679 CN2018125679W WO2019129285A1 WO 2019129285 A1 WO2019129285 A1 WO 2019129285A1 CN 2018125679 W CN2018125679 W CN 2018125679W WO 2019129285 A1 WO2019129285 A1 WO 2019129285A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
lock
support
locking
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/125679
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
黄春华
兰志波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aulton New Energy Automotive Technology Co Ltd
Shanghai Dianba New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Aulton New Energy Automotive Technology Co Ltd
Shanghai Dianba New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201711482966.3A external-priority patent/CN109987067B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201711486896.9A external-priority patent/CN109994667B/zh
Priority to AU2018396985A priority Critical patent/AU2018396985B2/en
Priority to CA3087315A priority patent/CA3087315C/en
Priority to SG11202006165SA priority patent/SG11202006165SA/en
Priority to MYPI2020003365A priority patent/MY188815A/en
Priority to MX2020006899A priority patent/MX393434B/es
Priority to KR1020227003183A priority patent/KR102437941B1/ko
Priority to EP18896986.9A priority patent/EP3734690A4/en
Priority to EA202091607A priority patent/EA037620B1/ru
Priority to BR112020013376-0A priority patent/BR112020013376B1/pt
Priority to US16/958,763 priority patent/US11588338B2/en
Priority to KR1020227003182A priority patent/KR102533870B1/ko
Application filed by Aulton New Energy Automotive Technology Co Ltd, Shanghai Dianba New Energy Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Aulton New Energy Automotive Technology Co Ltd
Priority to JP2020536589A priority patent/JP6997326B2/ja
Priority to KR1020207022033A priority patent/KR102359015B1/ko
Publication of WO2019129285A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019129285A1/zh
Priority to PH12020551016A priority patent/PH12020551016A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to ZA2020/04455A priority patent/ZA202004455B/en
Priority to JP2021204065A priority patent/JP7103589B2/ja
Priority to JP2021204066A priority patent/JP7143991B2/ja
Priority to US18/156,408 priority patent/US12119692B2/en
Priority to US18/156,403 priority patent/US12126201B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/70Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/751Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/296Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by terminals of battery packs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/298Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91Electric vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/639Additional means for holding or locking coupling parts together, after engagement, e.g. separate keylock, retainer strap
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, and in particular to a method for mounting a battery holder, a power changing device, an electric vehicle, and an electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack installation methods of the existing electric vehicles are generally classified into fixed type and replaceable type, wherein the fixed type of battery pack is generally fixed on the automobile, and the vehicle is directly charged as a charging object during charging.
  • the replaceable battery pack is generally installed in an active manner, and the battery pack can be removed at any time and replaced with a new one.
  • the locking and unlocking of the battery pack is involved.
  • the left and right sides of the battery pack are provided with a lock shaft; the locking mechanism is fixed on the battery pack fixing seat to be assembled into a power changing device, and the power changing device is further mounted on the chassis of the electric vehicle; the lock shaft and the lock The mechanism is matched to realize the locking of the battery pack.
  • the fixing bracket is only provided with a locking mechanism that cooperates with the lock shaft of the battery pack, and the weight of the battery pack is concentrated on the locking mechanism of the fixing bracket, resulting in stress concentration of the locking mechanism.
  • the service life is low, and the connection strength between the battery pack and the fixing bracket is low.
  • an electrical connection device is also involved, which not only affects the connection between the battery pack and the battery pack holder, but also affects the reliability of the electrical connection between the battery pack and the electrical connection device.
  • the locking mechanism and the electrical connection device are independently disposed, and the locking mechanism is prone to lock the battery pack in place, but the electrical connection between the battery pack and the electrical connection device cannot be reliably achieved. Or, the battery pack and the electrical connection device can be electrically connected relatively reliably, but the battery pack cannot be locked in place. That is to say, the power-changing device in the prior art is difficult to realize the synchronization action between the locking mechanism and the electrical connection device, and easily affects the efficiency of power-changing and the reliability of power-changing.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a power changing device and a mounting method thereof.
  • a battery holder for mounting on a body of an electric vehicle to fix a battery pack, the battery holder comprising a fixing bracket and a locking mechanism, the locking mechanism being fixed to the fixing bracket, the battery
  • the mount also includes:
  • a plurality of supporting devices are fixed on a side of the fixing bracket facing the battery pack, and the plurality of supporting devices are used to provide a plurality of supporting points for supporting the battery pack.
  • a plurality of supporting portions are provided on the battery pack, and a plurality of supporting portions are supported on the fixing bracket.
  • the supporting device, the weight of the battery pack can be distributed on the plurality of supporting devices and the locking mechanism at the same time, the force of the fixing bracket is more uniform, the force applied by the battery pack to the locking mechanism is reduced, and the fixing bracket is avoided.
  • the locking mechanism is concentrated, which improves the service life of the locking mechanism, thereby improving the safety performance, and also improving the connection strength between the battery pack assembly and the battery holder.
  • the battery holder has a simple structure and low production cost, and at the same time, avoids over-positioning, thereby reducing the risk that the locking mechanism cannot be unlocked.
  • the locking mechanism includes a lock base, and the lock base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, the opening being for accessing a lock shaft of the battery pack
  • the cavity is provided with a support groove, and a lower surface of the support groove is in the same plane as a lower surface of the cavity.
  • the lower surface of the support groove is located on the same plane as the lower surface of the cavity of the lock mechanism, so that the battery pack can be more stably fixed in the fixed bracket, so that the battery pack can be moved smoothly.
  • the supporting device is provided with a supporting groove;
  • the supporting device comprises a supporting base, and the supporting base is provided with a supporting opening and the supporting groove extending from the supporting opening, the supporting opening is used for A support portion mounted to the battery pack enters the support groove.
  • the support portion of the battery pack enters the support slot of the battery holder, and while the lock is in place, the support portion is also pressed into the support groove of the support base. , thereby further enabling the battery pack to be more firmly fixed in the fixed bracket.
  • the fixing bracket has an upper receiving cavity, the upper receiving cavity is located above the supporting opening, and an upper seating sensor is disposed in the upper receiving cavity, and the upper positioning sensor is used for detecting the location Whether the support portion of the battery pack has passed through the support opening;
  • the fixing bracket has a front seating accommodating cavity, the front seating accommodating cavity is located at a front end of the supporting groove, and a front locating sensor is disposed in the front accommodating cavity, and the front position sensor is used for detecting Whether the support portion of the battery pack has entered the front end of the support groove.
  • the upper position sensor detects whether the support portion of the battery pack has passed through the support opening, so that it can be determined whether the installation of the battery pack in the height direction of the electric vehicle relative to the battery mount is in place; the front position sensor detects the battery pack. Whether the support portion has entered the front end of the support slot, so that it can be judged whether the installation of the battery pack relative to the battery mount in the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle is in place, thereby ensuring that the electric vehicle runs under the condition that the battery pack is installed in place, and the electric motor is improved. The safety of the car.
  • the supporting device further comprises an elastic member at least partially located in the support groove, and the elastic member is for abutting the support portion of the battery pack.
  • the elastic member does not necessarily need to be in contact with the support portion, but once contacted, the support portion can be prevented from rigidly colliding with the support base.
  • the elastic member comprises an elastic pad, an elastic handle and an elastic head which are sequentially connected; the elastic pad is located in the support groove, and the elastic pad is used for abutting the support portion of the battery pack;
  • the elastic handle is disposed on the support base, and a wall portion of the support base is interposed between the elastic pad and the elastic head.
  • the entire elastic member can be stably mounted to the support base.
  • the support base is provided with a positioning hole
  • the supporting device further includes a positioning pin, the positioning pin portion is located outside the positioning hole, and the positioning pin is interference fit with the positioning hole;
  • the support base is provided with a mounting hole, the mounting hole is a threaded hole, and the support base is detachably connected to the fixing bracket through the mounting hole;
  • the support opening is a bell mouth.
  • the positioning pin portion is located outside the positioning hole, and the positioning pin has an interference fit with the positioning hole.
  • the positioning pin can be used for positioning.
  • the mounting holes are threaded holes through which threaded fasteners can be passed to mount the support to the mounting bracket.
  • the support opening is a bell mouth for facilitating the support portion to enter the support groove.
  • a plurality of the supporting devices are distributed on both sides of the fixing bracket in the longitudinal direction of the fixing bracket.
  • the above-described structural arrangement is adopted, so that the battery pack can be more smoothly mounted to the battery holder.
  • the number of the supporting devices respectively located on two sides of the fixing bracket is the same, and the supporting devices disposed on both sides of the fixing bracket are correspondingly and oppositely arranged.
  • the locking mechanism is disposed on both sides of the fixing bracket in the longitudinal direction of the fixing bracket, and the supporting device on the same side and the locking mechanism are spaced apart.
  • the supporting device is distributed at both ends of the fixing bracket, the locking mechanism Located in the middle of the fixed bracket.
  • two of the locking mechanisms are disposed on two sides of the fixing bracket in the longitudinal direction of the fixing bracket, and two locking mechanisms located on the same side of the fixing bracket are spaced apart And are a primary locking mechanism and a secondary locking mechanism.
  • the secondary locking mechanism can provide a secondary locking or locking protection function for the battery pack, and is used to prevent the battery pack from falling when the primary locking mechanism fails, thereby improving safety performance.
  • the primary locking mechanism comprises a lock link, at least one primary locking tongue, at least one primary locking base, and the primary locking base is fixed to the fixing bracket, the first stage
  • the lock base is provided with a first opening and a first-level cavity extending from the first-level opening, the first-level opening is for a first-stage lock shaft mounted on the battery pack to enter the first-level cavity, and the lock is connected a rod is rotatably coupled to the at least one of the primary locking tongues for driving the primary locking tongue to rotate under an external force, enabling the primary locking tongue to rotate relative to the primary locking base to a change between the stage unlocking state and the first stage locking state, wherein the primary locking tongue can block the primary locking shaft from the primary opening when the primary locking tongue is in the primary locking state Leaving the first stage cavity;
  • the secondary locking mechanism includes:
  • the secondary lock base is fixed to the fixed bracket, the secondary lock base is provided with a secondary opening and a second-level cavity extending from the secondary opening The secondary opening is for the secondary lock shaft mounted on the battery pack to enter the secondary cavity;
  • a secondary locking tongue the secondary locking tongue being rotatable relative to the secondary locking base to change between an unlocked state and a locked state, the secondary locking tongue comprising a fixedly connected secondary locking tongue a body and a secondary bolt extension, the secondary bolt extension being located outside the secondary lock base, the secondary bolt body when the secondary bolt is in the locked state
  • the secondary lock shaft can be prevented from exiting the secondary cavity from the secondary opening;
  • the secondary reset component is disposed on the secondary lock base and the secondary reset component acts on the secondary lock tongue, and the secondary reset component is capable of elastic deformation, the second The stage resetting member is adapted to rotate the secondary bolt in a locking direction to reset from the unlocked state to the locked state.
  • the secondary resetting member is arranged to facilitate the resetting of the secondary locking tongue from the unlocked state to the locked state, so that the battery pack is conveniently installed and locked, and under the action of the secondary reset component.
  • the secondary locking tongue does not easily change to the unlocked state, and the locking is more reliable; the secondary locking tongue extension portion located outside the secondary locking base can be realized by acting on the secondary locking tongue extension to implement the secondary locking tongue body.
  • the rotation is easy to unlock.
  • the fixing bracket comprises a frame and a temporary connecting member, wherein a side of the frame in the width direction of the fixing bracket has a bracket opening, and the temporary connecting member is detachably connected to the frame a portion located at both ends of the opening of the bracket and covering the opening of the bracket or located in the opening of the bracket;
  • the battery holder further includes a quick change sensor, the quick change sensor is disposed on the fixed bracket, and the quick change sensor is configured to detect a position signal of the power changing device, and send the position signal to Controller.
  • the temporary connecting member is detachably connected to a portion of the frame at both ends of the opening of the bracket, and when the battery pack and the battery holder are mounted to the electric vehicle, the temporary connecting member can be disassembled, thereby Helps reduce the weight of electric vehicles.
  • the quick-change sensor is a forced high-voltage sensor that can detect the position signal of the power-changing device. When the power-changing device has reached the preset setting, the quick-change sensor transmits the detected signal to the controller to perform the power-off operation on the battery pack. In order to ensure that the battery pack is replaced in the event of power failure, improve its safety performance.
  • the present invention also provides a power changing device, which is characterized in that it comprises the above-mentioned battery fixing seat, the fixing bracket is formed with a battery pack accommodating cavity for accommodating a battery pack, and the two sides of the battery pack are provided with a lock shaft, the lock The stopping mechanism is fixed on both sides of the battery pack accommodating chamber, and the power changing device further includes:
  • the vehicle body end electrical connector is disposed in the battery pack receiving cavity, and the vehicle body end electrical connector faces the battery end connector of the battery pack, the vehicle body end
  • the electrical connector and the battery end connector each have a plurality of corresponding poles
  • the lock shaft of the battery pack rises into position in the locking mechanism in the height direction of the battery pack, the lock shaft is along the length direction of the battery pack in the lock mechanism a distance of the locking point is greater than a gap between the battery end electrical connector and the vehicle body end electrical connector along a length direction of the battery pack;
  • the battery end electrical connector can be reliably electrically connected to the vehicle body end electrical connector, thereby improving the use of the power exchange device for the electric vehicle. Reliability of power exchange and efficiency of power exchange.
  • the distance between the lock shaft and the locking point in the length direction of the battery pack in the locking mechanism is a first distance
  • the high voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector and the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector are between a gap along the length of the battery pack is a second distance
  • the height of the low-voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector is lower than the height of the high-voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector, and the low-voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector and the high-voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector
  • the difference in height between the first distance and the second distance is less than or equal to;
  • the height of the low-voltage pole of the battery-side electrical connector is lower than the height of the high-voltage pole of the battery-side electrical connector, and between the low-voltage pole of the battery-side electrical connector and the high-voltage pole of the battery-side electrical connector
  • the height difference is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.
  • the relationship between the height difference and the difference is such that when the vehicle body electrical connector is connected to the battery terminal electrical connector, the high voltage is connected first, and the low voltage is connected after the low voltage contact, as long as the contactor control switch in the battery pack can be output after the low voltage contact high pressure. Moreover, when the connection between the vehicle body end electrical connector and the battery end electrical connector is disconnected, the low voltage first disconnects and controls the high voltage disconnection to prevent the occurrence of undesirable phenomena such as arc striking and sintering due to high voltage unbroken.
  • the height difference between the low voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector and the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector ranges from 0 to 2 mm.
  • the distance between the lock shaft and the locking point in the length direction of the battery pack in the locking mechanism is a first distance
  • the high voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector and the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector are between a gap along the length of the battery pack is a second distance
  • the height of the low-voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector is lower than the height of the high-voltage pole of the vehicle body electrical connector, and the height of the low-voltage pole of the battery-side electrical connector is lower than the high-voltage pole of the battery-side electrical connector the height of;
  • the height difference between the low voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector and the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector and the height between the low voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector and the high voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.
  • the relationship between the height difference and the difference is such that when the vehicle body electrical connector is connected to the battery terminal electrical connector, the high voltage is connected first, and the low voltage is connected after the low voltage contact, as long as the contactor control switch in the battery pack can be output after the low voltage contact high pressure. Moreover, when the connection between the vehicle body end electrical connector and the battery end electrical connector is disconnected, the low voltage first disconnects and controls the high voltage disconnection to prevent the occurrence of undesirable phenomena such as arc striking and sintering due to high voltage unbroken.
  • the vehicle body end electrical connector is used for floating electrical connection with the battery end electrical connector
  • the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector has an electrical contact end and a terminal
  • the end surface of the electrical contact end of the high voltage pole is provided with a groove, the groove is recessed inward along the axial direction of the high voltage pole, and the conductive elastic member is embedded in the groove, and the conductive elastic member protrudes from the contact of the electrical contact end
  • the conductive elastic member is a conductive spring.
  • the locking mechanism includes a lock base, the lock base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, the opening is for the lock shaft to enter the cavity;
  • the battery pack holder has an upper receiving cavity, the upper receiving cavity is located above the opening, and the upper receiving cavity is provided with an upper position sensor, and the upper positioning sensor is used for detecting whether the locking shaft has passed through the opening and at the height along the battery pack Rising into position in the direction of the locking mechanism;
  • the battery pack holder has a front-position receiving cavity, the front-position receiving cavity is located at the front end of the cavity, and the front-position receiving cavity is provided with a front-position sensor, and the front-position sensor is used to detect whether the lock shaft has entered the front end of the cavity. And locked in place in the locking mechanism along the length of the battery pack.
  • the upper position sensor can detect whether the lock shaft is raised into position in the lock mechanism, and the front position sensor can detect whether the lock shaft is locked in position at the front end of the cavity to reach the lock point, and the upper position sensor and the front position sensor can The reliability of the locking of the battery pack is improved, thereby improving the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector of the vehicle body end and the electrical connector of the battery end, thereby contributing to improving the reliability of the electric vehicle.
  • two locking mechanisms are disposed on both sides of the battery pack fixing seat in the longitudinal direction of the battery pack fixing seat, and two locking mechanisms located on the same side of the battery pack fixing seat are respectively arranged at intervals, and are respectively a primary locking mechanism and a secondary locking mechanism;
  • the vehicle body end electrical connector is disposed in a side wall of the battery pack fixing seat along the width direction of the battery pack fixing seat;
  • the length direction of the battery pack holder is parallel to the length direction of the battery pack.
  • the secondary locking mechanism acts to lock the lock shaft of the battery pack to prevent the battery pack from falling off, thereby facilitating further improvement of the electric vehicle's power exchange. reliability.
  • the power changing device further comprises a protection lock mechanism, the protection lock mechanism is fixed on a side of the battery pack fixing seat opposite to the first-level lock mechanism, and the protection lock mechanism is disposed on the movement path of the lock link for limiting Movement of the lock link relative to the primary lock base;
  • the protection lock mechanism is movable relative to the lock link between the first position and the second position; wherein when the protection lock mechanism is in the first position, the protection lock mechanism acts on the lock link to limit the lock link Relative to the movement of the primary lock base; when the protective lock mechanism is in the second position, the protective lock mechanism is disengaged from the lock link to allow movement of the lock link relative to the primary lock base.
  • the protection lock mechanism can restrict the movement of the lock link relative to the primary lock base, thereby improving the locking effect of the primary locking mechanism.
  • the first locking mechanism can lock the lock shaft more reliably. Furthermore, it is also advantageous to improve the reliability of electric vehicles.
  • the protection lock mechanism comprises:
  • the first lower casing is detachably connected to a side of the first lock base opposite to the lock shaft, the inner portion of the lower casing has a receiving cavity, and the side wall of the lower casing has a connection with the receiving cavity Through hole
  • the lock pin is located in the accommodating cavity, and the lock pin is disposed through the lock pin, and is switchable between an extended state and a retracted state; wherein, when the lock pin is in the extended state, the lock pin is located at the first Position; when the lock pin is in the retracted state, the lock pin is in the second position;
  • the protection lock mechanism further includes a power pin that acts on the lock pin and is movable relative to the lock pin under external force to engage or disengage from the lock pin; wherein, when the power pin is separated from the lock pin At the time, the power pin applies a force to the lock pin in the retracting direction to bring the lock pin in the retracted state; when the power pin is engaged with the lock pin, the lock pin is in the extended state.
  • a power pin that acts on the lock pin and is movable relative to the lock pin under external force to engage or disengage from the lock pin; wherein, when the power pin is separated from the lock pin At the time, the power pin applies a force to the lock pin in the retracting direction to bring the lock pin in the retracted state; when the power pin is engaged with the lock pin, the lock pin is in the extended state.
  • the battery pack holder is further provided with a wire harness for transmitting the up-position signal detected by the up-position sensor and the front-position signal detected by the front-position sensor to the power-changing device.
  • the power changing device further comprises:
  • the plurality of supporting mechanisms are fixed on a side of the battery pack fixing seat facing the battery pack, and the plurality of supporting mechanisms are used for providing a plurality of supporting points for supporting the battery pack;
  • the support mechanism comprises:
  • the support base is provided with a support opening and a support groove extending from the support opening, the support opening is for the support portion mounted on the battery pack to enter the support groove;
  • a plurality of supporting mechanisms are distributed on both sides of the battery pack fixing seat in the longitudinal direction of the battery pack fixing seat, and the supporting mechanisms provided on both sides of the battery pack fixing seat are correspondingly arranged and arranged opposite to each other;
  • a locking mechanism is disposed on both sides of the battery pack fixing seat in the longitudinal direction of the battery pack fixing seat, and the supporting mechanism on the same side and the locking mechanism are spaced apart from each other.
  • the supporting mechanism can support the battery pack, facilitate the installation of the battery pack and the battery pack fixing seat, and is beneficial to improving the locking effect of the locking mechanism, thereby facilitating the improvement of the electric vehicle reliability.
  • the power changing device further comprises:
  • the electric energy sensor is disposed on the battery pack fixing seat for sensing the power changing device, and is used for controlling the electrical connection between the vehicle body end electrical connector and the battery end electrical connector.
  • the power change sensor can disconnect the electrical connection between the vehicle body end electrical connector and the battery end electrical connector, thereby being able to electrically
  • the car plays a protective role.
  • the invention also provides a method for installing a power changing device as above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the present invention also provides an electric vehicle including a battery pack assembly including a battery pack and a lock shaft, the lock shaft being mounted to the battery pack, the electric vehicle further including the above a battery holder, the battery pack assembly being mounted to the battery holder, the lock shaft being located in the locking mechanism;
  • the battery pack assembly further includes a plurality of support portions, and the plurality of support portions are mounted on the battery pack and are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of support devices, wherein the support device is configured to support a corresponding one. Said support.
  • an electric vehicle including the battery holder as described above is used.
  • the battery pack On the basis of the locking of the locking mechanism and the lock shaft to realize the locking of the battery pack, the battery pack is provided with a plurality of supporting portions and the fixing bracket respectively.
  • the plurality of supporting devices cooperate, the weight of the battery pack can be distributed on the plurality of supporting devices and the locking mechanism at the same time, the force of the fixing bracket is more uniform, and the force applied by the battery pack to the locking mechanism is reduced, thereby avoiding
  • the locking mechanism on the fixing bracket is concentrated, which improves the service life of the locking mechanism, thereby improving the safety performance, and also improving the connection strength between the battery pack assembly and the battery holder, thereby improving the safety performance of the electric vehicle. .
  • the locking mechanism includes a lock base, the lock base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, the opening is for the lock shaft to enter the cavity, The lock shaft is located in the cavity;
  • the support device includes a support base, the support base is provided with a support opening and the support groove extending from the support opening, the support opening is used for the support portion to enter the support groove;
  • the support portion includes a support shaft, and the support shaft is press-fitted on the support base and located in the support groove.
  • the support shaft when the lock shaft enters the opening, the support shaft enters the support opening, and when the lock shaft enters the cavity of the lock mechanism, the support shaft of the battery pack enters the support groove of the battery holder, and while the lock is in place
  • the support shaft is also pressed into the support groove of the support base, thereby further enabling the battery pack to be more stably fixed in the fixed bracket.
  • the support portion further includes a sleeve, and the sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the support shaft.
  • the sleeve can be rotatably sleeved on the support shaft, so that the sleeve can be rolled, thereby ensuring multiple installations, reducing wear and improving the service life of the support portion.
  • the sleeve is made of an elastic material
  • the support portion further includes a gasket, the gasket is sleeved on the support shaft, and is pressed on one end of the sleeve;
  • the support shaft includes a shaft body and a flange portion, the flange portion is coaxially disposed at one end of the shaft body, the sleeve is sleeved on the shaft body, and the flange portion is detachable Connected to the battery pack.
  • the support shaft is provided with an electromagnetic induction element, and the electromagnetic induction element is preferably a magnetic steel;
  • the fixing bracket has an upper receiving cavity, the upper receiving cavity is located above the supporting opening, and the upper receiving cavity is provided with an upper position sensor, and the upper positioning sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction component, a method for detecting whether a support portion of the battery pack has passed through the support opening;
  • the fixing bracket has a front seating accommodating cavity, the front seating accommodating cavity is located at a front end of the supporting groove, and a front locating sensor is disposed in the front accommodating cavity, and the front locating sensor acts on the An electromagnetic induction element is configured to detect whether a support portion of the battery pack has entered a front end of the support groove.
  • the upper position sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction element on the support portion to detect whether the support portion of the battery pack has passed through the support opening, thereby determining whether the battery pack is installed relative to the battery mount in the height direction of the electric vehicle. Already in place.
  • the front-position sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction element on the support portion to detect whether the support portion of the battery pack has entered the front end of the support slot, so that it can be determined whether the installation of the battery pack relative to the battery holder in the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle is in place. In addition, it is possible to ensure that the electric vehicle runs with the battery pack installed in place, thereby improving the safety of the electric vehicle.
  • an end of the support shaft remote from the battery pack is provided with a recessed portion, the electromagnetic induction element is located in the recessed portion, and the electromagnetic induction element and the support shaft are away from the battery pack. Both ends are on the same plane.
  • the support portion comprises:
  • the support shaft is press-fitted to the support device
  • the sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the support shaft.
  • the electric vehicle further includes a chassis, and the battery holder is fixed to the chassis.
  • the battery holder of the present invention and the electric vehicle including the same are provided on the battery pack by providing a plurality of support portions on the basis of locking the battery lock with the lock mechanism and the lock shaft.
  • the weight of the battery pack can be distributed on the plurality of supporting devices and the locking mechanism at the same time, the force of the fixing bracket is more uniform, and the application of the battery pack to the locking mechanism is reduced.
  • the force avoids the concentration of the locking mechanism on the fixing bracket, improves the service life of the locking mechanism, thereby improving the safety performance, and also improving the connection strength between the battery pack assembly and the battery holder.
  • the battery holder of the present invention and the electric vehicle including the same have a simple structure, low production cost, and at the same time, avoid over-positioning, thereby reducing the risk that the locking mechanism cannot be unlocked.
  • the battery end electrical connector can be reliably electrically connected to the vehicle body end electrical connector, thereby improving the use of the power exchange. The reliability and power conversion efficiency of the device for electric vehicle replacement.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery holder according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of a battery holder according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is another partial schematic view showing the battery holder of the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein a portion is coincident with Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a secondary locking mechanism of a battery holder according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view showing a supporting device of a battery holder according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery pack assembly of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and a battery holder.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery pack assembly of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing the structure of a support portion of a battery pack assembly of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a view showing the internal structure of a support portion of a battery pack assembly of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial schematic structural view of a power changing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of another part of a power changing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a first-stage locking mechanism in a power-changing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a secondary locking mechanism in a power changing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the protection lock mechanism of the power change device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein the lock pin is in an extended state.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic exploded view showing the protection lock mechanism of the power changing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is another schematic cross-sectional view showing the protection lock mechanism of the power change device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein the lock pin is in a retracted state.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lock pin in the protection lock mechanism according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of a power pin in a protection lock mechanism according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of a supporting mechanism in a power changing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Battery holder 10; fixing bracket: 11; frame: 110; bracket opening: 111; temporary connecting member: 112; primary locking mechanism: 12; locking link: 120; first-level locking tongue: 121; Base: 122; primary opening: 123; primary cavity: 124; secondary locking mechanism: 13; secondary locking tongue: 130; secondary locking tongue body: 1300; secondary locking tongue extension: 1301; Secondary lock base: 131; secondary opening: 132; secondary cavity: 133; secondary reset component: 134; support device: 14; support base: 140; support opening: 141; support groove: 142; Parts: 143; elastic pad: 1430; elastic head: 1431; positioning hole: 144; positioning pin: 145; mounting hole: 146; battery pack assembly: 30; battery pack: 31; primary lock shaft: 32; Stage lock shaft: 33; support part: 34; support shaft: 340; shaft body: 3400; flange part: 3401; bushing: 341; gasket: 342; electromagnetic induction element: 343; recess: 344; Width
  • 10 protection lock mechanism 101 first lower casing; 1011 first accommodating cavity; 1012 through hole; 102 lock pin; 1021 execution portion; 1022 connection portion; 1023 second accommodating cavity; 1024 first inclined portion; 1026 second electromagnetic induction element; 103 power pin; 1031 blocking portion; 1032 second inclined portion; 104 first electromagnetic induction element; 105 first elastic element; 106 second elastic element; 107 second lower casing; Third receiving cavity; 108 upper casing; 1081 fourth receiving cavity; 1082 first sensor; 1083 second sensor; 20 primary locking mechanism; 201 locking link; Base; 204 primary cavity; 205 unlocking block; 30 secondary locking mechanism; 301 secondary locking base; 3011 secondary opening; 3012 secondary cavity; 302 secondary locking tongue; 3021 secondary locking tongue body 3022 secondary bolt extension; 303 secondary reset component; 40 support mechanism; 401 support base; 402 support opening; 403 support slot; 50 body end electrical connector; 501 terminal; 502 electrical contact end; Battery pack holder; 601 through hole; 602 battery pack receiving chamber; 70 harness
  • FIG. 1-5 are schematic structural views of a battery holder according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the battery holder 10 is mounted on the body of the electric vehicle to fix the battery pack 31, and the quick change battery pack or the rechargeable battery pack can be installed.
  • the battery holder 10 includes a fixing bracket 11, a locking mechanism, and a plurality of supporting devices 14.
  • the locking mechanism is fixed to the fixing bracket 11 .
  • a plurality of supporting devices 14 are fixed to a side of the fixing bracket 11 facing the battery pack 31, and are used to provide a plurality of supporting points for supporting the battery pack 31.
  • a plurality of supporting portions 34 are provided on the battery pack 31, and the support bracket 11 is provided on the fixing bracket 11 for supporting the support.
  • the plurality of supporting devices 14 of the supporting portion 34, the weight of the battery pack 31 can be simultaneously distributed on the plurality of supporting devices 14 and the locking mechanism, the force of the fixing bracket 11 is more uniform, and the battery pack 31 is reduced to be locked.
  • the force on the mechanism avoids the concentration of the locking mechanism on the fixing bracket 11, improves the service life of the locking mechanism, thereby improving the safety performance, and also improves the battery pack assembly 30 and the battery holder 10. Connection strength.
  • the battery holder 10 has a simple structure, low production cost, and at the same time, avoids over-positioning, thereby reducing the risk that the locking mechanism cannot be unlocked.
  • the fixing bracket 11 is a frame structure.
  • the locking mechanism and the plurality of support devices 14 are secured within the frame of the frame structure.
  • the fixing bracket 11 may also be a disc-shaped structure having an annular side wall and a rectangular parallelepiped structure or a plate-like structure having an open bottom surface, which does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the fixing bracket 11 includes a frame 110 and a temporary connecting member 112.
  • the side of the frame 110 in the width direction W of the fixing bracket has a bracket opening 111.
  • the temporary connecting member 112 is detachably connected to a portion of the frame 110 at both ends of the bracket opening 111, and covers the bracket opening 111 or the bracket opening 111. Inside. When the battery pack 31 and the battery holder 10 have been mounted to the electric vehicle, the temporary connector 112 can be detached, thereby contributing to reducing the weight of the electric vehicle.
  • the locking mechanism generally includes a lock base having an opening and a cavity extending from the opening for opening the lock shaft mounted to the battery pack 31 into the cavity.
  • the support device 14 is provided with a support groove 142, and the lower surface of the support groove 142 is in the same plane as the lower surface of the cavity. This allows the battery pack 31 to be more firmly fixed in the fixed bracket 11, so that the battery pack 31 can be moved smoothly.
  • a locking mechanism is disposed on both sides of the fixing bracket 11 in the longitudinal direction L of the fixing bracket, and between the supporting device 14 and the locking mechanism on the same side is Interval setting.
  • the longitudinal direction of the fixing bracket 11 is substantially the same as the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the supporting device 14 is distributed at both ends of the fixing bracket 11, and the locking mechanism is located at the center of the fixing bracket 11.
  • two locking mechanisms are disposed on both sides of the fixing bracket 11 in the longitudinal direction L of the fixing bracket.
  • Two locking mechanisms on the same side of the fixed bracket 11 are spaced apart and are a primary locking mechanism 12 and a secondary locking mechanism 13, respectively.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 13 is used in conjunction with the primary locking mechanism 12; the primary locking mechanism 12 can be referred to the "locking device" disclosed in Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN106427514A.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 13 can provide a secondary locking or locking protection function for the battery pack 31, and is used to prevent the battery pack 31 from falling when the primary locking mechanism 12 fails, thereby improving safety performance.
  • the primary locking mechanism 12 includes a lock link 120, at least one primary lock tongue 121, and at least one primary lock base 122.
  • the primary lock base 122 is fixed to the fixed bracket 11 .
  • three fixed lock bases 122 and three first lock tongues 121 are disposed on both sides of the frame of the fixing bracket 11 . 2 and 3 are partial schematic views of one side.
  • the primary locking base 122 is provided with a primary opening 123 and a first-level cavity 124 extending from the primary opening 123.
  • the primary opening 123 is for mounting the primary locking shaft of the battery pack 31. 32 enters the first stage cavity 124.
  • the lock link 120 is rotatably coupled to the at least one primary locking tongue 121 for driving the primary locking tongue 121 to rotate under the action of an external force, so that the primary locking tongue 121 can be rotated relative to the primary locking base 122 to be at the first level.
  • the unlock state and the first lock state change. When the primary locking tongue 121 is in the primary locking state, the primary locking tongue 121 can prevent the primary locking shaft 32 from exiting the primary cavity 124 from the primary opening 123.
  • the "primary lock state” refers to the locked state of the primary lock mechanism 12; the “primary unlock state” refers to the unlocked state of the primary lock mechanism 12.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 13 includes a secondary lock base 131, a secondary lock tongue 130, and a secondary reset member 134.
  • the secondary lock base 131 is fixed to the fixed bracket 11 .
  • the secondary lock base 131 is provided with a secondary opening 132 and a secondary cavity 133 extending from the secondary opening 132.
  • the secondary opening 132 is for mounting the secondary lock shaft 33 of the battery pack 31 (structure and The stage lock shaft 32 is identical or similar) into the secondary cavity 133.
  • the secondary bolt 130 is rotatable relative to the secondary lock base 131 to vary between an unlocked state and a locked state.
  • the secondary locking tongue 130 includes a fixedly connected secondary locking tongue body 1300 and a secondary locking tongue extension 1301 that is external to the secondary locking base 131. When the secondary locking tongue 130 is in the locked state, the secondary locking tongue body 1300 can prevent the secondary locking shaft 33 from exiting the secondary cavity 133 from the secondary opening 132.
  • the secondary reset member 134 is disposed on the secondary lock base 131 and the secondary reset member 134 acts on the secondary lock tongue 130.
  • the secondary reset member 134 is resiliently deformable and the secondary reset member 134 is configured to rotate the secondary lock tongue 130 in a locked direction to reset from the unlocked state to the locked state.
  • the secondary resetting member 134 is provided to facilitate the resetting of the secondary locking tongue 130 from the unlocked state to the locked state, so that the battery pack 31 is conveniently installed and locked, and is operated by the secondary resetting member 134.
  • the secondary locking tongue 130 does not easily change to the unlocked state, and the locking is more reliable; the expansion of the secondary locking tongue 130 located outside the secondary locking base 131 can be implemented by acting on the expansion of the secondary locking tongue 130.
  • the rotation of the body of the stage lock tongue 130 is convenient for unlocking.
  • the lower surface of the support groove 142 is in the same plane as the lower surface of the first-stage cavity 124 and the lower surface of the secondary cavity 133.
  • the lower surface of the support groove 142, the lower surface of the first-stage cavity 124, and the lower surface of the secondary cavity 133 all refer to the surface near the ground in use, and bear the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31, the primary lock shaft 32, and The support function of the secondary lock shaft 33, the three in the same plane can make the battery pack 31 move smoothly.
  • a plurality of support means 14 are distributed on both sides of the fixed bracket 11 in the longitudinal direction L of the fixed bracket. This allows the battery pack 31 to be more smoothly mounted to the battery holder 10.
  • the number of the supporting devices 14 respectively located on both sides of the fixing bracket 11 is the same, and the supporting devices 14 disposed on both sides of the fixing bracket 11 are correspondingly arranged and disposed opposite to each other.
  • the support device 14 is similar in structure to the primary lock base 122 and the secondary lock base 131, and has no locking action, and serves only as a support platform for the battery pack 31. In other embodiments, other similar support mechanisms with support platforms are applicable.
  • the number of support means 14 can be adjusted according to the weight of the actual battery pack 31, preferably to an average of no more than 25 KG per support device 14.
  • the supporting device 14 includes a supporting base 140.
  • the supporting base 140 is provided with a supporting opening 141 and a supporting groove 142 extending from the supporting opening 141 for supporting the supporting portion 34 of the battery pack 31. Enter the support slot 142.
  • the lock shaft enters the lock mechanism (in the present embodiment, the primary lock shaft 32 enters the primary lock mechanism 12 and the secondary lock shaft 33 enters the secondary lock mechanism 13), the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31
  • the support slot 142 of the battery holder 10 is inserted into the support slot 142 of the support base 140, so that the battery pack 31 can be more stably fixed to the fixed bracket. 11 inside.
  • the supporting device 14 further includes an elastic member 143 at least partially located in the supporting groove 142 for abutting the supporting portion 34 of the battery pack 31.
  • the elastic member 143 does not necessarily need to be in contact with the support portion 34, but once contacted, the support portion 34 can be prevented from rigidly colliding with the support base 140.
  • the elastic member 143 includes elastic pads 1430, elastic handles (not shown), and elastic heads 1431 that are sequentially connected.
  • the elastic pad 1430 is located in the support groove 142 , and the elastic pad 1430 is used to abut the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31 .
  • the elastic handle is disposed on the support base 140 , and the wall of the support base 140 is engaged between the elastic pad 1430 and the elastic head 1431 .
  • the elastic member 143 is preferably made of rubber.
  • the support base 140 is provided with a positioning hole 144.
  • the support device 14 also includes a locating pin 145.
  • the positioning pin 145 is partially located outside the positioning hole 144, and the positioning pin 145 is in an interference fit with the positioning hole 144.
  • the positioning pin 145 can be used for positioning.
  • the support base 140 is provided with a mounting hole 146.
  • the mounting hole 146 is a threaded hole, and the support base 140 is detachably connected to the fixing bracket 11 through the mounting hole 146.
  • the support opening 141 is a bell mouth for facilitating the support portion 34 to enter the support groove 142.
  • the fixing bracket 11 has an upper receiving chamber (not shown), and the upper receiving chamber is located above the supporting opening 141.
  • An upper seating sensor (not shown) is provided in the upper receiving chamber, and the upper seating sensor is configured to detect whether the supporting portion 34 of the battery pack 31 has passed through the supporting opening 141, so that the battery pack 31 can be judged to be relatively in the height direction of the electric vehicle. Whether the installation of the battery holder 10 is in place.
  • the fixing bracket 11 has a front seating accommodating chamber (not shown), and the front seating accommodating chamber is located at the front end of the support groove 142.
  • the front end refers to a position close to the front end of the electric vehicle in the longitudinal direction.
  • a front position sensor (not shown) is provided in the front seating chamber for detecting whether the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31 has entered the front end of the support groove 142. Therefore, it can be judged whether or not the installation of the battery pack 31 with respect to the battery holder 10 in the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle is in place, thereby ensuring that the electric vehicle travels with the battery pack 31 installed in place, thereby improving the safety of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery holder 10 further includes a quick change sensor (not shown), and the quick change sensor is disposed on the fixed bracket 11.
  • the quick change sensor is used to detect the position signal of the power changing device and to transmit the position signal to the controller.
  • the quick-change sensor is a forced high-voltage sensor that can detect the position signal of the power-changing device. When the power-changing device has reached the preset setting, the quick-change sensor transmits the detected signal to the controller to power off the battery pack 31. Operation to ensure that the battery pack 31 is replaced in the event of power failure, thereby improving its safety performance.
  • the present invention also provides an electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle includes a battery pack assembly 30 and a battery holder 10 as described above.
  • the battery pack assembly 30 is mounted to the battery holder 10.
  • the electric vehicle further includes a chassis (not shown) to which the battery holder 10 is fixed.
  • the battery pack assembly 30 includes a battery pack 31 and a lock shaft (in the present embodiment, the lock shaft has a primary lock shaft 32 and a secondary lock shaft 33), and the lock shaft is mounted to the battery pack 31.
  • the lock shaft is located in the lock mechanism (in the present embodiment, the primary lock shaft 32 is located in the primary lock mechanism 12 and the secondary lock shaft 33 is located in the secondary lock mechanism 13).
  • the battery pack assembly 30 further includes a plurality of support portions 34 that are mounted to the battery pack 31 and are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of support devices 14 for supporting the corresponding support portions 34.
  • the battery pack 31 is provided with a plurality of support portions 34 and a plurality of fixing brackets 11 respectively.
  • the supporting device 14 is matched, and the weight of the battery pack 31 can be distributed on the plurality of supporting devices 14 and the locking mechanism at the same time.
  • the force of the fixing bracket 11 is more uniform, and the force applied by the battery pack 31 to the locking mechanism is reduced.
  • the concentration of the locking mechanism on the fixing bracket 11 is prevented from being concentrated, the service life of the locking mechanism is improved, the safety performance is improved, and the connection strength between the battery pack 31 assembly 30 and the battery holder 10 is also improved, thereby Improve the safety performance of electric vehicles.
  • the support portion 34 includes a support shaft 340 that is press-fitted to the support base 140 and located within the support groove 142.
  • the lock shaft enters the opening (in the present embodiment, the primary lock shaft 32 enters the primary opening 123 and the secondary lock shaft 33 enters the secondary opening 132)
  • the support shaft 340 enters the support opening 141 and enters the lock at the lock shaft.
  • the cavity of the mechanism (in the present embodiment, when the primary lock shaft 32 enters the primary cavity 124 of the primary lock mechanism 12 and the secondary lock shaft 33 enters the secondary cavity 133 of the secondary lock mechanism 13)
  • the support shaft 340 of the battery pack 31 enters the support slot 142 of the battery holder 10, and while the lock is in place, the support shaft 340 is also pressed into the support slot 142 of the support base 140, thereby further making the battery pack 31 It can be more firmly fixed in the fixing bracket 11.
  • the support portion 34 further includes a sleeve 341, and the sleeve 341 is rotatably sleeved on the support shaft 340.
  • the sleeve 341 is rotatably sleeved on the support shaft 340, so that the sleeve 341 can be rolled, thereby ensuring multiple installations, reducing wear and increasing the service life of the support portion 34.
  • the material of the sleeve 341 is preferably an elastic material;
  • the support portion 34 further includes a spacer 342.
  • the spacer 342 is sleeved on the support shaft 340 and is pressed against one end of the sleeve 341.
  • the support shaft 340 includes a shaft body 3400 and a flange portion 3401.
  • the flange portion 3401 is coaxially disposed at one end of the shaft body 3400.
  • the sleeve 341 is sleeved on the shaft body 3400, and the flange portion 3401 is detachably connected to the battery pack 31.
  • the support shaft 340 is provided with an electromagnetic induction element 343.
  • the electromagnetic induction element 343 is preferably a magnetic steel.
  • One end of the support shaft 340 remote from the battery pack 31 is provided with a recess 344, and the electromagnetic induction element 343 is located in the recess 344.
  • the electromagnetic induction element 343 is located on the same plane as the end faces of the support shaft 340 away from the battery pack 31.
  • the upper seating sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction element 343 for detecting whether the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31 has passed through the support opening 141. Thereby, it can be judged whether or not the mounting of the battery pack 31 with respect to the battery holder 10 in the height direction of the electric vehicle is in place.
  • the front in-position sensor acts on the electromagnetic induction element 343 for detecting whether the support portion 34 of the battery pack 31 has entered the front end of the support groove 142. Therefore, it can be judged whether or not the installation of the battery pack 31 with respect to the battery holder 10 in the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle is in place, thereby ensuring that the electric vehicle travels with the battery pack 31 installed in place, thereby improving the safety of the electric vehicle.
  • the secondary locking shaft 33 moves upward under the action of an external force, enters the secondary cavity 133 through the secondary opening 132, and the secondary locking shaft 33 acts on the secondary locking tongue 130 such that the secondary locking tongue 130 rotates counterclockwise Rotation, at the same time, the support portion 34 moves upward by the external force, enters the support groove 142 through the support opening 141; the secondary lock tongue 130 acts on the secondary reset member 134, so that the elastic force of the secondary reset member 134 changes;
  • the secondary cavity 133 is formed by a passage through which the secondary lock shaft 33 passes, and the secondary lock shaft 33 can be moved from the rear to the front. Meanwhile, the support portion 34 can be in the support groove 142.
  • the secondary locking tongue 130 rotates clockwise under the action of the resetting member, resets to the locked state, and locks on the secondary locking shaft 33. While in place, the support portion 34 is also in place.
  • the unlocking process a force is applied to the secondary locking tongue 130 such that the secondary locking tongue 130 rotates in a counterclockwise direction; the secondary locking tongue 130 acts on the secondary resetting member 134 such that the elastic force of the secondary resetting member 134 changes;
  • the secondary cavity 133 is formed by a passage through which the secondary locking shaft 33 passes; the secondary locking shaft 33 can move from the rear to the rear, and then moves downward through the secondary opening 132.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 13 is separated, and at the same time, the supporting portion 34 can move from the rear to the rear in the supporting groove 142, and then moves downward through the supporting opening 141 to leave the supporting device 14.
  • the power changing device includes a battery pack holder 60 (which corresponds to the battery holder in the first embodiment) and a vehicle body end electrical connector 50.
  • the fixing bracket of the battery pack holder is formed with a battery pack accommodating cavity 602 for accommodating a battery pack (not shown).
  • the battery pack is provided with a lock shaft on both sides thereof, and the locking mechanism is fixed to the battery pack accommodating cavity 602. On both sides.
  • the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 is disposed in a side of the battery pack accommodating chamber 602 toward the battery end electrical connector of the battery pack.
  • the distance of the lock shaft in the locking mechanism along the length direction of the battery pack is greater than the battery end electrical connector and the vehicle. There is a gap between the body end electrical connectors 50 along the length of the battery pack.
  • the battery end electrical connector is in an interference fit with the vehicle body end electrical connector 50.
  • the battery end electrical connector when the lock shaft of the battery pack is locked in position in the lock mechanism, the battery end electrical connector can be reliably electrically connected to the vehicle body end electrical connector 50, thereby improving the use of the power exchange device pair. Reliability and power conversion efficiency of electric vehicles.
  • the distance of the lock shaft in the locking mechanism along the length direction of the battery pack from the locking point is referred to as the first distance
  • the high voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector and the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 are referred to.
  • the gap between the columns in the length direction along the battery pack is referred to as the second distance.
  • the height of the low voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 is lower than the height of the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50, and the low voltage pole and the vehicle body of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50
  • the difference in height between the high voltage poles of the terminal electrical connector 50 is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.
  • the high voltage is connected first, and the low voltage is connected after the low voltage contact, as long as the contactor control switch in the battery pack is contacted after the low voltage contact. Can output high voltage.
  • the low voltage first disconnects and controls the high voltage disconnection, thereby preventing the occurrence of undesirable phenomena such as arc striking and sintering due to high voltage unbroken.
  • the height difference between the low voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 and the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 ranges from 0 to 2 mm. In the present embodiment, the height difference between the low voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 and the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 is 1 mm.
  • the difference in height between the low-voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector 50 and the high-voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector 50 enables the vehicle body end connector 50 and the battery terminal electrical connector to be realized. Based on this, any value of the difference between 0 and the first distance and the second distance can be taken.
  • the low voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector may be lower than the height of the high voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector, and the low voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector and The height difference between the high voltage poles of the battery end electrical connector is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.
  • the height of the low voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector 50 is lower than the height of the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector 50, and the battery end electrical connector
  • the height of the low voltage pole is lower than the height of the high voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector; the height difference between the low pole pole of the vehicle body end connector 50 and the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end connector 50 and the battery
  • the sum of the height differences between the low voltage pole of the terminal electrical connector and the high voltage pole of the battery end electrical connector is less than or equal to the difference between the first distance and the second distance.
  • the battery end connector is electrically connected to the vehicle body end electrical connector.
  • the high voltage pole of the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 of FIG. 10 has an electrical contact end 502 and a terminal end 501.
  • the end surface of the electrical contact end 502 of the high voltage pole is provided with a groove (not shown), the groove is recessed inward along the axial direction of the high voltage pole, and a conductive elastic member is embedded in the groove (Fig.
  • the conductive elastic member protrudes from the contact surface of the electrical contact end 502.
  • the conductive elastic member is a conductive spring.
  • the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 includes a flexible electrical connector (not shown) and a high voltage plug, one end of which is in floating electrical connection with the terminal 501 of the high voltage pole.
  • the high voltage plug is in floating electrical connection with the other end of the flexible electrical connector.
  • the locking mechanism includes a lock base, and the lock base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening for opening the lock shaft into the cavity.
  • the battery pack holder 60 has an upper receiving cavity, and the upper receiving cavity is located above the opening.
  • the upper receiving cavity is provided with an upper position sensor, and the upper position sensor is used for detecting whether the lock shaft has passed through the opening and is along the battery pack. It rises into position in the locking mechanism in the height direction.
  • the battery pack holder 60 further has a front-position receiving cavity, the front-position receiving cavity is located at the front end of the cavity, and the front-position receiving cavity is provided with a front-position sensor for detecting whether the lock shaft has entered the front end of the cavity, and Locked into place in the locking mechanism along the length of the battery pack.
  • the upper position sensor can detect whether the lock shaft is raised into position in the lock mechanism, and the front position sensor can detect whether the lock shaft is locked in position at the front end of the cavity, reaches the lock point, the upper position sensor and the front position sensor
  • the reliability of the locking of the battery pack can be improved, thereby improving the reliability of the electrical connection between the vehicle body end connector 50 and the battery end electrical connector, thereby facilitating the improvement of the electric vehicle reliability.
  • the battery pack holder 60 is further provided with a wire harness 70 for transmitting the up-position signal detected by the up-position sensor and the front-position signal detected by the front-position sensor to the power-changing device.
  • the battery pack holder 60 is provided with two locking mechanisms on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the battery pack holder 60, and two locks on the same side of the battery pack holder 60.
  • the mechanism is spaced apart, and the two locking mechanisms are the primary locking mechanism 20 and the secondary locking mechanism 30, respectively.
  • the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 is disposed in a side wall of the battery pack holder 60 along the width direction of the battery pack holder 60.
  • the length direction of the battery pack holder 60 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the battery pack.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 acts to lock the lock shaft of the battery pack to prevent the battery pack from falling off, thereby facilitating further improvement of the electric vehicle's reliable power exchange. Sex.
  • the primary locking mechanism 20 includes a lock link 201, at least one primary lock tongue 202, and at least one primary lock base 203.
  • the primary lock base 203 is fixed to the battery pack holder. 60.
  • the primary lock base 203 is provided with a primary opening and a first-level cavity 204 extending from the primary opening.
  • the primary opening is for the primary locking shaft of the battery pack to enter the first-level cavity 204, and the locking link 201 is
  • the at least one primary locking tongue 202 is rotatably coupled for driving the primary locking tongue 202 to rotate under the action of an external force, so that the primary locking tongue 202 can be rotated relative to the primary locking base 203 to be unlocked in the first stage and the first stage.
  • the lock state changes, and when the primary lock tongue 202 is in the primary lock state, the primary lock tongue 202 can prevent the primary lock shaft from exiting the primary cavity 204 from the primary opening.
  • An unlocking block 205 is further disposed on a side of the locking link 201 facing the primary locking base 203.
  • the unlocking block 205 is an arc-shaped protrusion formed outwardly from the locking link 201.
  • the top of the unlocking block 205 is a locking link 201. Recessed inner arc groove.
  • the number of the primary locking tongue 202 and the primary locking base 203 is three.
  • the secondary lock mechanism 30 includes a secondary lock base 301, a secondary lock tongue 302, and a secondary reset member 303.
  • the secondary lock base 301 is fixed to the battery pack fixing base 60.
  • the secondary lock base 301 is provided with a secondary opening 3011 and a secondary cavity 3012 extending from the secondary opening 3011.
  • the secondary opening 3011 is used for The secondary lock shaft for the battery pack enters the secondary cavity 3012.
  • the secondary locking tongue 302 is rotatable relative to the secondary locking base 301 to change between a secondary unlocking state and a secondary locking state, the secondary locking tongue 302 comprising a fixedly connected secondary locking tongue body 3021 and a secondary locking
  • the tongue extension 3022, the second locking tongue 302 expansion portion is located outside the secondary lock base 301, and when the secondary locking tongue 302 is in the secondary locking state, the secondary locking tongue body 3021 can block the secondary locking shaft from the second Stage opening 3011 exits secondary cavity 3012.
  • the secondary reset member 303 is disposed on the secondary lock base 301 and the secondary reset member 303 acts on the secondary lock tongue 302, the secondary reset member 303 can be elastically deformed, and the secondary reset member 303 is used to make the secondary lock tongue 302 Rotate in a locking direction to reset from the secondary unlocked state to the secondary locked state.
  • the power changing device further includes a protection lock mechanism 10.
  • the protection lock mechanism 10 is fixed on the side of the battery pack fixing base 60 opposite to the primary lock mechanism.
  • the protection lock mechanism 10 is disposed on the moving path of the lock link 201 for limiting the lock link 201 relative to the primary lock.
  • the dongle mechanism 10 is moveable relative to the lock link 201 between a first position and a second position.
  • the protection lock mechanism 10 when the protection lock mechanism 10 is in the first position, the protection lock mechanism 10 acts on the lock link 201 to limit the movement of the lock link 201 relative to the primary lock base 203; when the protection lock mechanism 10 is in the second position The guard lock mechanism 10 is disengaged from the lock link 201 to permit movement of the lock link 201 relative to the primary lock base 203.
  • the protection lock mechanism 10 can restrict the movement of the lock link 201 relative to the primary lock base 203, thereby improving the locking effect of the primary locking mechanism 20.
  • the primary locking mechanism 20 is enabled to lock the lock shaft relatively reliably. Furthermore, it is also advantageous to improve the reliability of electric vehicles.
  • the dongle mechanism 10 includes a first lower housing 101 and a locking pin 102.
  • the first lower casing 101 is detachably connected to a side of the primary lock base 203 opposite to the lock shaft.
  • the inner portion of the first lower casing 101 has a first accommodating cavity 1011, and the side wall of the lower casing has a A through hole 1012 that communicates with the cavity 1011.
  • the lock pin 102 is located in the first accommodating cavity 1011, and the lock is disposed through the through hole 1012, and is switchable between an extended state and a retracted state.
  • the locking pin 102 when the locking pin 102 is in the extended state, the locking pin 102 is in the first position; when the locking pin 102 is in the retracted state, the locking pin 102 is in the second position.
  • the locking pin 102 is switched between the first position and the second position, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.
  • the battery pack holder 60 is provided with a through hole 601 through which the lock pin 102 is switched between the first position and the second position.
  • the protection lock mechanism 10 further includes a power pin 103, a first electromagnetic induction element 104, and a first elastic element 105.
  • the power pin 103 acts on the locking pin 102, and the power pin 103 is movable relative to the locking pin 102 to engage or disengage the locking pin 102.
  • the first electromagnetic induction element 104 is disposed on the power pin 103. The first electromagnetic induction element 104 is used to drive the power pin 103 to apply the force of the lock pin 102 in the retracting direction of the lock pin 102 under the action of the external electromagnetic device.
  • the first elastic element 105 is connected to the end of the locking pin 102 away from the cavity, the first elastic element 105 abuts between the locking pin 102 and the inner wall surface of the first receiving cavity 1011, and the first elastic element 105 is used for applying the lock The force of the pin 102 along the extending direction of the locking pin 102.
  • the power pin 103 is separated from the lock pin 102 and applied to the locking pin 102 in the retracting direction, so that the locking pin 102 is in the retracted state.
  • the first elastic element 105 applies a force to the locking pin 102 in the extending direction, and the power pin 103 is engaged with the locking pin 102 so that the locking pin 102 is extended. Out of state.
  • the power pin 103 moves toward the direction away from the lock pin 102, and applies a force to the lock pin 102 in the retracting direction, so that the lock
  • the locking pin 102 will press the first elastic member 105.
  • the first elastic member 105 provides a restoring force to the locking pin 102, so that the locking pin 102 is returned for A position where the power pin 103 is engaged.
  • the power pin 103 moves toward the lock pin 102 to engage the lock pin 102 such that the lock pin 102 is in the extended state.
  • the engagement and separation of the power pin 103 and the lock pin 102 are controlled by magnetic attraction, and the extension and retraction of the lock pin 102 are controlled, the control method is simple, and the control efficiency is high.
  • the lock pin 102 has an execution portion 1021 and a connection portion 1022.
  • the connecting portion 1022 is connected to one end of the executing portion 1021 away from the first-stage cavity 204.
  • the connecting portion 1022 has a second receiving cavity 1023 for receiving the power pin 103.
  • the first elastic element 105 is connected to the end of the connecting portion 1022 away from the executing portion 1021 , and the first elastic element 105 abuts between the connecting portion 1022 and the inner wall surface of the first receiving cavity 1011 , and the first elastic element 105 is applied to The force of the connecting portion 1022 in the extending direction.
  • the longitudinal direction of the connecting portion 1022 forms a first angle with the height direction of the power pin 103
  • the second receiving cavity 1023 extends in the height direction of the power pin 103 to make the power pin 103 relative to the locking pin 102. Movement along the height direction of the power pin 103.
  • the power pin 103 has a leading end and a trailing end in the height direction thereof.
  • the first end of the power pin 103 is embedded in the second receiving cavity 1023, and the first electromagnetic sensing element 104 is disposed at the tail end of the power pin 103.
  • the inner wall surface of the second accommodating cavity 1023 has a first inclined portion 1024, and the first end of the power pin 103 has a second inclined portion 1032 adapted to the first inclined portion 1024.
  • the cooperation of the first inclined portion 1024 and the second inclined portion 1032 is skillfully utilized, and when the power pin 103 moves in a direction away from the lock pin 102, the first inclined portion 1024 is opposite to the second inclined portion 1032.
  • the sliding force applied to the second inclined portion 1032 by the first inclined portion 1024 can be decomposed into a component force in the retracting direction, and the locking pin 102 is retracted by the component force.
  • the inner wall surface of the second accommodating cavity 1023 further has a recessed portion 1025, and the leading end of the power pin 103 has a convex portion adapted to the recessed portion 1025.
  • the first accommodating cavity 1023 has two first inclined portions 1024 on the inner wall surface, and the two first inclined portions 1024 are oppositely disposed on opposite sides of the recessed portion 1025.
  • the recessed portion 1025 can limit the power pin 103 to facilitate the reliable engagement of the power pin 103 and the lock pin 102, thereby contributing to the stable extension of the lock pin 102, thereby Helps achieve reliable locking of the lock shaft.
  • the first electromagnetic induction element 104 is embedded in the tail end of the power pin 103.
  • the arrangement is such that the first electromagnetic induction element 104 does not take up extra space outside the power pin 103, which is advantageous for improving space utilization. In addition, it is also advantageous to protect the first electromagnetic induction element 104.
  • the tail end of the power pin 103 is sleeved with a second elastic member 106, and the second elastic member 106 applies a force to the power pin 103 in a direction close to the connecting portion 1022; wherein the second elastic member 106 is applied to the power pin 103.
  • the force is greater than the weight of the power pin 103.
  • the force applied by the second elastic member 106 to the power pin 103 can cause the power pin 103 not to fall under the action of gravity, thereby being able to further improve The reliability of the power pin 103 engaging the lock pin 102.
  • the protection lock mechanism 10 further includes a second lower casing 107 connected to the bottom of the first lower casing 101.
  • the second lower casing 107 has a third accommodating cavity 1071, and the third accommodating cavity 1071
  • the power pin 103 is located in the third accommodating cavity 1071 in communication with the first accommodating cavity 1011.
  • a second angle is formed between a central axis of the second lower casing 107 and a central axis of the first lower casing 101, and the second angle is equal to the first angle.
  • the outer wall surface of the power pin 103 is provided with a blocking portion 1031 at a position corresponding to both ends of the second elastic member 106, and the second elastic member 106 is interposed between the two blocking portions 1031. That is, in the present embodiment, the second elastic member 106 is entirely sleeved on the outer wall surface of the power pin 103, and the second elastic member 106 is a spring.
  • the main function of the blocking portion 1031 is to position the second elastic member 106 to restrict the movement of the second elastic member 106 in the height direction of the power pin 103.
  • the protection lock mechanism 10 further includes an upper casing 108 that is press-fitted and detachably coupled to the first lower casing 101.
  • the upper housing 108 can fix and protect the lock pin 102, the power pin 103, and the like.
  • the upper housing 108 has a fourth receiving cavity 1081, a first sensor 1082 is disposed in the fourth receiving cavity 1081, and a second electromagnetic sensing component 1026 is disposed on the executing portion 1021.
  • the first sensor 1082 acts on the second electromagnetic induction element 1026 to detect that the executing portion 1021 is in the extended state.
  • a second sensor 1083 is further disposed in the fourth accommodating cavity 1081, and the second sensor 1083 acts on the second electromagnetic sensing element 1026 to detect that the executing portion 1021 is in the retracted state.
  • the second sensor 1083 is closer to the power pin 103 than the first sensor 1082.
  • the first sensor 1082, the second sensor 1083 and the second electromagnetic sensing element 1026 can reliably detect when the locking pin 102 is in the extended state and the retracted state, which is beneficial to unlock the battery pack by the primary locking mechanism 20. And lock.
  • the first electromagnetic induction element 104 and the second electromagnetic induction element 1026 are both magnetic steel.
  • the protection lock mechanism 10 realizes the extension and retraction of the lock pin 102 by means of the electromagnetic attraction power pin 103, and the extension and retraction of the lock pin 102 are in the same linear direction.
  • other driving modes non-electromagnetic driving methods
  • the action path of the locking pin 102 may be set as a curve, or other non-locking may be adopted.
  • the structure of the pin 102 such as a crank mechanism, a rocker mechanism, enables switching of the protective lock between the first position and the second position.
  • the power changing device further includes a plurality of support mechanisms 40.
  • a plurality of support mechanisms 40 are fixed on a side of the battery pack holder 60 facing the battery pack, and a plurality of support mechanisms 40 are used to provide a plurality of support points for supporting the battery pack.
  • the support mechanism 40 includes a support base 401.
  • the support base 401 is provided with a support opening 402 and a support slot 403 extending from the support opening 402.
  • the support opening 402 is used for the support portion mounted on the battery pack to enter the support slot 403.
  • the plurality of supporting mechanisms 40 are distributed on both sides of the battery pack fixing base 60 in the longitudinal direction of the battery pack fixing base 60, and the supporting mechanisms 40 provided on both sides of the battery pack fixing base 60 are correspondingly arranged and opposed to each other.
  • a lock mechanism is disposed on both sides of the battery pack holder 60 in the longitudinal direction of the battery pack holder 60, and the support mechanism 40 on the same side and the lock mechanism are spaced apart from each other.
  • the supporting mechanism 40 can support the battery pack, facilitate the installation of the battery pack and the battery pack fixing seat 60, and is beneficial to improving the locking effect of the locking mechanism, thereby facilitating the improvement of the power-changing reliability of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack fixing base 60 in FIG. 10 is further provided with a power-changing sensor (not shown), the power-changing sensor is used for sensing the power-changing device, and is used for controlling the electrical connection of the vehicle body end.
  • the electrical connection between the device 50 and the battery terminal electrical connector is broken.
  • the power change sensor can disconnect the electrical connection between the vehicle body end electrical connector 50 and the battery end electrical connector, thereby enabling the electric vehicle to function. Protective effects.
  • This embodiment also discloses a method for installing a power changing device.
  • the installation method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Insert the battery pack from the bottom of the battery pack holder into the battery pack holder along the height direction of the battery pack until the lock shaft rises into position in the lock mechanism along the height direction of the battery pack;
  • Step 2 The battery pack is moved forward along its length until the lock shaft reaches the locking point within the locking mechanism along the length of the battery pack.
  • the battery end electrical connector can be reliably electrically connected to the vehicle body end electrical connector, thereby improving the use of the switch.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电池固定座、换电装置、电动车、电动车的安装方法。电池固定座用于安装在电动车的车体上以固定电池包,电池固定座包括固定支架、锁止机构和多个支撑装置,锁止机构固设于固定支架,支撑装置固设于固定支架面向电池包的一侧,多个支撑装置用于提供支撑电池包的多个支撑点。电动车包括如上所述的电池固定座。本发明的电池固定座及含其的电动车,电池包的重量能够同时分布在多个支撑装置以及锁止机构上,固定支架的受力更加均匀,减小了电池包施加至锁止机构上的作用力,避免了固定支架上的锁止机构受力集中,提高了锁止机构的使用寿命,进而提高了安全性能,并且还提高了电池包总成与电池固定座的连接强度。

Description

电池固定座、换电装置、电动车、电动车的安装方法
本申请要求申请日为2017年12月29日的中国专利申请CN201711482966.3和CN201711486896.9的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车领域,特别涉及一种电池固定座、换电装置、电动车、电动车的安装方法。
背景技术
现有的电动车的电池包安装方式一般分为固定式和可换式,其中固定式的电池包一般固定在汽车上,充电时直接以汽车作为充电对象。而可换式的电池包,一般采用活动安装的方式,电池包可以随时取下并更换新的电池包。
在更换新的电池包的过程中,涉及到电池包的锁止和解锁。一般而言,电池包的左右两侧安装有锁轴;锁止机构固定在电池包固定座上以组装成换电装置,换电装置再一并安装到电动车的底盘上;锁轴与锁止机构配合,实现电池包的锁止。
然而,采用上述结构形式存在以下缺陷:固定支架上仅设置有与电池包的锁轴配合的锁止机构,电池包的重量集中在固定支架的锁止机构上,导致锁止机构的受力集中,其使用寿命较低,且电池包与固定支架的连接强度较低。
在更换新的电池包的过程中,还涉及到电连接装置,锁止机构不仅影响电池包与电池包固定座之间的连接,还影响电池包与电连接装置之间电连接的可靠性。
但是,在现有技术中,锁止机构和电连接装置之间是独立设置的,容易出现锁止机构将电池包锁止到位了、但是不能实现电池包与电连接装置之间电连接的可靠,或者电池包与电连接装置之间能够较为可靠地电连接,但是电池包不能够锁止到位。也就是说,现有技术中的换电装置较难实现锁止机构与电连接装置的同步作用,容易影响换电的效率和换电可靠性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中的缺陷,提供一种换电装置及其安装方法。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题:
一种电池固定座,用于安装在电动车的车体上以固定电池包,所述电池固定座包括固定支架和锁止机构,所述锁止机构固设于所述固定支架,所述电池固定座还包括:
多个支撑装置,所述支撑装置固设于所述固定支架面向电池包的一侧,多个所述支撑装置用于提供支撑所述电池包的多个支撑点。
在本方案中,在将锁止机构与锁轴相配合实现电池包锁止的基础上,通过在电池包上设置多个支撑部,并在固定支架上设置用于支撑所述支撑部的多个支撑装置,电池包的重量能够同时分布在多个支撑装置以及锁止机构上,固定支架的受力更加均匀,减小了电池包施加至锁止机构上的作用力,避免了固定支架上的锁止机构受力集中,提高了锁止机构的使用寿命,进而提高了安全性能,并且还提高了电池包总成与电池固定座的连接强度。另外,电池固定座结构简单,生产成本低,同时,避免了过定位,从而降低了锁止机构不能解锁的风险。
较佳地,所述锁止机构包括有锁基座,所述锁基座设有一开口以及自所述开口延伸的一空腔,所述开口用于供安装于所述电池包的锁轴进入所述空腔;所述支撑装置设有支撑槽,所述支撑槽的下表面与所述空腔的下表面位于同一平面。
在本方案中,支撑槽的下表面与锁止机构的空腔的下表面位于同一平面,使得电池包能够更加稳固地固定于固定支架内,从而可以使得电池包移动平稳。
较佳地,所述支撑装置设有支撑槽;所述支撑装置包括支撑基座,所述支撑基座设有一支撑开口以及自所述支撑开口延伸的所述支撑槽,所述支撑开口用于供安装于所述电池包的支撑部进入所述支撑槽。
在本方案中,在锁轴进入锁止机构的同时,电池包的支撑部进入电池固定座的支撑槽,且在锁止到位的同时,支撑部也正好压设于支撑基座的支撑槽内,从而进一步使得电池包能够更加稳固地固定于固定支架内。
较佳地,所述固定支架具有上到位容纳腔,所述上到位容纳腔位于所述支撑开口的上方,所述上到位容纳腔内设有上到位传感器,所述上到位传感器用于检测所述电池包的支撑部是否已通过所述支撑开口;
和/或,所述固定支架具有前到位容纳腔,所述前到位容纳腔位于所述支撑槽的前端,所述前到位容纳腔内设有前到位传感器,所述前到位传感器用于检测所述电池包的支撑部是否已进入所述支撑槽的前端。
在本方案中,上到位传感器检测电池包的支撑部是否已通过支撑开口,从而可以判断电池包在电动车的高度方向上相对于电池固定座的安装是否已到位;前到位传感器检测电池包的支撑部是否已进入支撑槽的前端,从而可以判断电池包在电动车的长度方向 上相对于电池固定座的安装是否已到位,进而才能确保电动车在电池包安装到位的情况下行驶,提高电动车的安全性。
较佳地,所述支撑装置还包括一弹性部件,所述弹性部件至少部分位于所述支撑槽内,所述弹性部件用于抵接所述电池包的支撑部。在本方案中,弹性部件不一定需要与支撑部接触,但是一旦接触,则可以防止支撑部与支撑基座刚性撞击。
较佳地,所述弹性部件包括依次连接的弹性垫、弹性柄部以及弹性头部;所述弹性垫位于所述支撑槽内,所述弹性垫用于抵接所述电池包的支撑部;所述弹性柄部穿设于所述支撑基座,且所述支撑基座的壁部卡设于所述弹性垫与所述弹性头部之间。在本方案中,这样整个弹性部件可以稳固地安装于支撑基座。
较佳地,所述支撑基座设有定位孔,所述支撑装置还包括定位销,所述定位销部分位于所述定位孔外,且所述定位销与所述定位孔过盈配合;
和/或,所述支撑基座设有安装孔,所述安装孔为螺纹孔,所述支撑基座通过所述安装孔可拆卸连接于所述固定支架;
和/或,所述支撑开口为喇叭口。
在本方案中,定位销部分位于定位孔外,且定位销与定位孔过盈配合,在将支撑装置安装到固定支架上时,定位销可以用于定位。安装孔为螺纹孔,螺纹紧固件可以穿过安装孔以将支撑装置安装到固定支架上。支撑开口为喇叭口,便于支撑部进入支撑槽。
较佳地,多个所述支撑装置分布于所述固定支架中位于所述固定支架的长度方向上的两侧。在本方案中,采用上述结构设置方式,使得电池包能够更加平稳地安装于电池固定座。较佳地,分别位于所述固定支架的两侧的所述支撑装置的数量相同,且所述固定支架的两侧设置的所述支撑装置一一对应并相对设置。较佳地,所述固定支架中位于所述固定支架的长度方向上的两侧均设有所述锁止机构,位于同一侧的所述支撑装置与所述锁止机构之间为间隔设置。较佳地,在位于同一侧的所述支撑装置和所述锁止机构中,在所述固定支架的长度方向上,所述支撑装置分布于所述固定支架的两端,所述锁止机构位于所述固定支架的中部。
较佳地,所述固定支架中位于所述固定支架的长度方向上的两侧均设有两个所述锁止机构,位于所述固定支架的同一侧的两个所述锁止机构间隔设置,并分别为一级锁止机构和二级锁止机构。在本方案中,二级锁止机构可以为电池包提供二级锁止或锁止保护功能,在一级锁止机构失效时用于防止电池包掉落,提高安全性能。
较佳地,所述一级锁止机构包括锁连杆、至少一个一级锁舌、至少一个一级锁基座,所述一级锁基座固设于所述固定支架,所述一级锁基座设有一级开口以及自所述一级开 口延伸的一级空腔,所述一级开口用于供安装于所述电池包的一级锁轴进入所述一级空腔,锁连杆与至少一个所述一级锁舌可旋转连接,用于在外力作用下带动所述一级锁舌旋转,使所述一级锁舌能够相对于所述一级锁基座旋转以在一级解锁状态以及一级锁止状态之间变化,当所述一级锁舌处于所述一级锁止状态时,所述一级锁舌能够阻止所述一级锁轴从所述一级开口离开所述一级空腔;
和/或,所述二级锁止机构包括有:
二级锁基座,所述二级锁基座固设于所述固定支架,所述二级锁基座设有一二级开口以及自所述二级开口延伸的一二级空腔,所述二级开口用于供安装于所述电池包的二级锁轴进入所述二级空腔;
二级锁舌,所述二级锁舌能够相对于所述二级锁基座旋转以在一解锁状态以及一锁止状态之间变化,所述二级锁舌包括固定连接的二级锁舌本体和二级锁舌扩展部,所述二级锁舌扩展部位于所述二级锁基座的外部,当所述二级锁舌处于所述锁止状态时,所述二级锁舌本体能够阻止所述二级锁轴从所述二级开口离开所述二级空腔;以及
二级复位部件,所述二级复位部件设于所述二级锁基座且所述二级复位部件作用于所述二级锁舌,所述二级复位部件能够发生弹性变形,所述二级复位部件用于使得所述二级锁舌沿一锁止方向旋转以从所述解锁状态复位到所述锁止状态。
在本方案中,在二级锁止机构中,设置二级复位部件便于二级锁舌从解锁状态复位到锁止状态,使得电池包安装、锁止均方便,且在二级复位部件作用下,二级锁舌不会轻易变化为解锁状态,锁止更加可靠;设置位于二级锁基座外部的二级锁舌扩展部,可以通过作用于二级锁舌扩展部实现二级锁舌本体的旋转,解锁方便。
较佳地,所述固定支架包括一框架和一临时连接件,所述框架中位于所述固定支架的宽度方向上的一侧具有支架开口,所述临时连接件可拆卸连接于所述框架中位于所述支架开口的两端的部位,并覆盖于所述支架开口或位于所述支架开口内;
和/或,所述电池固定座还包括快换传感器,所述快换传感器设置于所述固定支架,所述快换传感器用于检测换电设备的位置信号,并将所述位置信号输送至控制器。
在本方案中,临时连接件可拆卸连接于所述框架中位于所述支架开口的两端的部位,在将电池包和电池固定座已安装至电动车时,可将临时连接件拆卸,从而有利于减轻电动车的重量。
快换传感器即强行断高压传感器,能够检测换电设备的位置信号,当换电设备已到达预设设置时,快换传感器将检测到的信号传递给控制器,以便对电池包进行断电操作,以保证电池包在断电的情况下进行更换,提高其安全性能。
本发明还提供一种换电装置,其特点在于,其包括上述电池固定座,固定支架形成有用于容纳电池包的电池包容纳腔,所述电池包的两侧设有锁轴,所述锁止机构固设于所述电池包容纳腔的两侧,所述换电装置还包括:
车体端电连接器,所述车体端电连接器设于所述电池包容纳腔内,且所述车体端电连接器朝向所述电池包的电池端连接器,所述车体端电连接器与所述电池端连接器均具有多个相对应的极柱;
其中,当所述电池包的锁轴沿所述电池包的高度方向上在所述锁止机构内上升到位时,所述锁轴在所述锁止机构内沿所述电池包的长度方向距离锁定点的距离大于所述电池端电连接器、所述车体端电连接器之间在沿所述电池包的长度方向上的间隙;
当所述锁轴到达所述锁止机构的锁定点时,所述电池端电连接器的极柱抵接于所述车体端电连接器的极柱。
在本方案中,当电池包的锁轴在锁止机构内锁止到位后,电池端电连接器能够可靠地与车体端电连接器电连接,从而能够提高使用该换电装置对电动汽车换电的可靠性和换电效率。
较佳地,锁轴在锁止机构内沿电池包的长度方向距离锁定点的距离为第一距离,电池端电连接器的高压极柱、车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间在沿电池包的长度方向上的间隙为第二距离;
车体端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于车体端电连接器的高压极柱的高度,且车体端电连接器的低压极柱和车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值;
或,电池端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于电池端电连接器的高压极柱的高度,且电池端电连接器的低压极柱和电池端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值。
在本方案中,上述高度差与差值的关系使得车体端电连接器与电池端电连接器连接时,高压先连接、低压后连接,只要低压接触后电池包内接触器控制开关可输出高压。并且能够使得车体端电连接器与电池端电连接器的连接断开时,低压先断开控制高压断开,防止因高压未断引起极柱拉弧烧结等不良现象发生。
较佳地,车体端电连接器的低压极柱和车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差的范围为0~2mm。
较佳地,锁轴在锁止机构内沿电池包的长度方向距离锁定点的距离为第一距离,电池端电连接器的高压极柱、车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间在沿电池包的长度方向上的 间隙为第二距离;
车体端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于车体端电连接器的高压极柱的高度,且电池端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于电池端电连接器的高压极柱的高度;
车体端电连接器的低压极柱和车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差以及电池端电连接器的低压极柱和电池端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差之和小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值。
在本方案中,上述高度差与差值的关系使得车体端电连接器与电池端电连接器连接时,高压先连接、低压后连接,只要低压接触后电池包内接触器控制开关可输出高压。并且能够使得车体端电连接器与电池端电连接器的连接断开时,低压先断开控制高压断开,防止因高压未断引起极柱拉弧烧结等不良现象发生。
较佳地,所述车体端电连接器用于与所述电池端电连接器之间浮动电连接;
优选地,所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱具有电接触端和接线端;
其中,高压极柱的电接触端的端面上设有凹槽,凹槽沿高压极柱的轴向向内凹进,凹槽内嵌设有导电弹性件,导电弹性件凸出于电接触端的接触面;优选地,导电弹性件为导电簧。
较佳地,锁止机构括有锁基座,锁基座设有一开口以及自开口延伸的一空腔,开口用于供锁轴进入空腔;
电池包固定座具有上到位容纳腔,上到位容纳腔位于开口的上方,上到位容纳腔内设有上到位传感器,上到位传感器用于检测锁轴是否已通过开口,并在沿电池包的高度方向上在锁止机构内上升到位;
和/或,电池包固定座具有前到位容纳腔,前到位容纳腔位于空腔的前端,前到位容纳腔内设有前到位传感器,前到位传感器用于检测锁轴是否已进入空腔的前端,并在沿电池包的长度方向上在锁止机构内锁止到位。
在本方案中,上到位传感器能够检测锁轴是否在锁止机构内上升到位,前到位传感器能够检测锁轴是否在空腔的前端锁止到位、达到锁定点,上到位传感器和前到位传感器能够提高电池包的锁止可靠性,从而有利于提高车体端电连接器与电池端电连接器的电连接可靠性,进而有利于提高电动汽车的换电可靠性。
较佳地,电池包固定座中位于电池包固定座的长度方向上的两侧均设有两个锁止机构,位于电池包固定座的同一侧的两个锁止机构间隔设置,并分别为一级锁止机构和二级锁止机构;
车体端电连接器设于电池包固定座中沿电池包固定座的宽度方向上的一侧壁;
其中,电池包固定座的长度方向平行于电池包的长度方向。
在本方案中,当以一级锁止机构失效时,二级锁止机构起作用,以对电池包的锁轴进行锁止,防止电池包脱落,从而,有利于进一步提高电动汽车的换电可靠性。
较佳地,换电装置还包括保护锁机构,保护锁机构固设于电池包固定座上与一级锁机构相对的一侧,保护锁机构设于锁连杆的移动路径上,用于限制锁连杆相对于一级锁基座的运动;
优选地,保护锁机构能够相对于锁连杆在第一位置和第二位置之间移动;其中,当保护锁机构位于第一位置时,保护锁机构作用于锁连杆,以限制锁连杆相对于一级锁基座的运动;当保护锁机构位于第二位置时,保护锁机构与锁连杆脱离,以允许锁连杆相对于一级锁基座的运动。
在本方案中,当一级锁止机构对锁轴进行锁止时,保护锁机构能够限制锁连杆相对于一级锁基座的运动,从而能够提高一级锁止机构的锁止效果,使得一级锁止机构能够较为可靠地对锁轴进行锁定。进而,也有利于提高电动汽车的换电可靠性。
较佳地,保护锁机构包括:
下壳体,第一下壳体可拆卸连接于一级锁基座中与锁轴相对的一侧面,下壳体的内部具有容置腔,下壳体的侧壁具有与容置腔相连通的贯穿孔;
锁销,锁销位于容置腔内,且锁销穿设于锁销,并能够在一伸出状态和一缩回状态之间切换;其中,锁销处于伸出状态时,锁销位于第一位置;锁销处于缩回状态时,锁销位于第二位置;
优选地,保护锁机构还包括动力销,动力销作用于锁销,并在外力作用下能够相对于锁销运动,以与锁销相接合或相分离;其中,当动力销与锁销相分离时,动力销施加给锁销沿缩回方向的作用力,以使锁销处于缩回状态;当动力销与锁销相接合时,锁销处于伸出状态。
较佳地,电池包固定座上还设有线束,线束用于将上到位传感器检测到的上到位信号、前到位传感器检测到的前到位信号传递到换电设备。
较佳地,换电装置还包括:
多个支撑机构,多个支撑机构固设于电池包固定座面向电池包的一侧,多个支撑机构用于提供支撑电池包的多个支撑点;
优选地,支撑机构包括:
支撑基座,支撑基座设有支撑开口以及自支撑开口延伸的支撑槽,支撑开口用于供安装于电池包的支撑部进入支撑槽;
优选地,多个支撑机构分布于电池包固定座中位于电池包固定座的长度方向上的两侧,且电池包固定座的两侧设置的支撑机构一一对应并相对设置;
电池包固定座中位于电池包固定座的长度方向上的两侧均设有锁止机构,位于同一侧的支撑机构与锁止机构之间间隔设置。
在本方案中,支撑机构能够对电池包起到支撑作用,便于实现电池包与电池包固定座的安装,有利于提高锁止机构的锁止效果,从而有利于提高电动汽车的换电可靠性。
较佳地,换电装置还包括:
换电传感器,换电传感器设于电池包固定座上,用于感应换电设备,并用于控制车体端电连接器与电池端电连接器之间的电连接断开。
在本方案中,当换电设备将电池包从电池包固定座上取下时,换电传感器能够断开车体端电连接器与电池端电连接器之间的电连接,从而能够对电动汽车起到保护作用。
本发明还提供一种如上的换电装置的安装方法,其特点在于,其包括以下步骤:
S1、将电池包自电池包固定座的底部沿电池包的高度方向装入电池包固定座,直至锁轴在沿电池包的高度方向上在锁止机构内上升到位;
S2、使电池包沿其长度方向向前运动,直至锁轴在沿电池包的长度方向上在锁止机构内到达锁定点。
本发明还提供了一种电动车,其包括电池包总成,所述电池包总成包括电池包和锁轴,所述锁轴安装于所述电池包,所述电动车还包括如上所述的电池固定座,所述电池包总成安装于所述电池固定座,所述锁轴位于所述锁止机构内;
所述电池包总成还包括多个支撑部,多个所述支撑部安装于所述电池包,并与多个所述支撑装置一一对应设置,所述支撑装置用于支撑相对应的所述支撑部。
在本方案中,采用包括如上所述的电池固定座的电动车,在将锁止机构与锁轴相配合实现电池包锁止的基础上,电池包上设置多个支撑部分别与固定支架上的多个支撑装置配合,电池包的重量能够同时分布在多个支撑装置以及锁止机构上,固定支架的受力更加均匀,减小了电池包施加至锁止机构上的作用力,避免了固定支架上的锁止机构受力集中,提高了锁止机构的使用寿命,进而提高了安全性能,并且还提高了电池包总成与电池固定座的连接强度,从而提高了电动车的安全性能。
较佳地,所述锁止机构包括有锁基座,所述锁基座设有一开口以及自所述开口延伸的一空腔,所述开口用于供所述锁轴进入所述空腔,所述锁轴位于所述空腔内;
所述支撑装置包括支撑基座,所述支撑基座设有一支撑开口以及自所述支撑开口延伸的所述支撑槽,所述支撑开口用于供所述支撑部进入所述支撑槽;
所述支撑部包括支撑轴,所述支撑轴压设于所述支撑基座,并位于所述支撑槽内。
在本方案中,在锁轴进入开口时,支撑轴进入支撑开口,在锁轴进入锁止机构的空腔时,电池包的支撑轴进入电池固定座的支撑槽,且在锁止到位的同时,支撑轴也正好压设于支撑基座的支撑槽内,从而进一步使得电池包能够更加稳固地固定于固定支架内。
较佳地,所述支撑部还包括轴套,所述轴套可旋转套设于所述支撑轴。在本方案中,轴套可旋转套设于支撑轴,使得轴套可滚动,从而保证实现多次安装,减小磨损,提高支撑部的使用寿命。
较佳地,所述轴套的材质为弹性材质;
和/或,所述支撑部还包括垫片,所述垫片套设于所述支撑轴,并压设于所述轴套的一端;
和/或,所述支撑轴包括轴本体和法兰部,所述法兰部同轴设置于所述轴本体的一端,所述轴套套设于所述轴本体,所述法兰部可拆卸连接于所述电池包。
较佳地,所述支撑轴上设有电磁感应元件,所述电磁感应元件优选为磁钢;
所述固定支架具有上到位容纳腔,所述上到位容纳腔位于所述支撑开口的上方,所述上到位容纳腔内设有上到位传感器,所述上到位传感器作用于所述电磁感应元件,用于检测所述电池包的支撑部是否已通过所述支撑开口;
和/或,所述固定支架具有前到位容纳腔,所述前到位容纳腔位于所述支撑槽的前端,所述前到位容纳腔内设有前到位传感器,所述前到位传感器作用于所述电磁感应元件,用于检测所述电池包的支撑部是否已进入所述支撑槽的前端。
在本方案中,上到位传感器作用于支撑部上的电磁感应元件,检测电池包的支撑部是否已通过支撑开口,从而可以判断电池包在电动车的高度方向上相对于电池固定座的安装是否已到位。
前到位传感器作用于支撑部上的电磁感应元件,检测电池包的支撑部是否已进入支撑槽的前端,从而可以判断电池包在电动车的长度方向上相对于电池固定座的安装是否已到位,进而才能确保电动车在电池包安装到位的情况下行驶,提高电动车的安全性。
较佳地,所述支撑轴中远离所述电池包的一端设有凹陷部,所述电磁感应元件位于所述凹陷部内,且所述电磁感应元件与所述支撑轴中远离所述电池包的两端面位于同一平面上。
较佳地,所述支撑部包括:
支撑轴,所述支撑轴压设于所述支撑装置;
轴套,所述轴套可旋转套设于所述支撑轴。
较佳地,所述电动车还包括底盘,所述电池固定座固定于所述底盘。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
本发明的电池固定座及含其的电动车,在将锁止机构与锁轴相配合实现电池包锁止的基础上,通过在电池包上设置多个支撑部,并在固定支架上设置用于支撑所述支撑部的多个支撑装置,电池包的重量能够同时分布在多个支撑装置以及锁止机构上,固定支架的受力更加均匀,减小了电池包施加至锁止机构上的作用力,避免了固定支架上的锁止机构受力集中,提高了锁止机构的使用寿命,进而提高了安全性能,并且还提高了电池包总成与电池固定座的连接强度。另外,本发明的电池固定座及含其的电动车结构简单,生产成本低,同时,避免了过定位,从而降低了锁止机构不能解锁的风险。在本发明的换电装置中,当电池包的锁轴在锁止机构内锁止到位后,电池端电连接器能够可靠地与车体端电连接器电连接,从而能够提高使用该换电装置对电动汽车换电的可靠性和换电效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的电池固定座的立体结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1的电池固定座的局部示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1的电池固定座的另一局部示意图,其中部分与图2重合。
图4为本发明实施例1的电池固定座的二级锁止机构的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例1的电池固定座的支撑装置的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例1的电动车的电池包总成与电池固定座配合的立体结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例1的电动车的电池包总成的立体结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例1的电动车的电池包总成的支撑部的立体结构示意图。
图9为本发明实施例1的电动车的电池包总成的支撑部的内部结构示意图。
图10为本发明实施例2的换电装置的部分结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例2的换电装置的另一部分结构示意图。
图12为本发明实施例2的换电装置中一级锁止机构的结构示意图。
图13为本发明实施例2的换电装置中二级锁止机构的结构示意图。
图14为本发明实施例2的换电装置中保护锁机构的截面示意图,其中,锁销处于伸出状态。
图15为本发明实施例2的换电装置中保护锁机构的分解结构示意图。
图16为本发明实施例2的换电装置中保护锁机构的另一截面示意图,其中,锁销处于缩回状态。
图17为本发明实施例2的保护锁机构中锁销的结构示意图。
图18为本发明实施例2的保护锁机构中动力销的结构示意图。
图19为本发明实施例2的换电装置中支撑机构的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
实施例1
电池固定座:10;固定支架:11;框架:110;支架开口:111;临时连接件:112;一级锁止机构:12;锁连杆:120;一级锁舌:121;一级锁基座:122;一级开口:123;一级空腔:124;二级锁止机构:13;二级锁舌:130;二级锁舌本体:1300;二级锁舌扩展部:1301;二级锁基座:131;二级开口:132;二级空腔:133;二级复位部件:134;支撑装置:14;支撑基座:140;支撑开口:141;支撑槽:142;弹性部件:143;弹性垫:1430;弹性头部:1431;定位孔:144;定位销:145;安装孔:146;电池包总成:30;电池包:31;一级锁轴:32;二级锁轴:33;支撑部:34;支撑轴:340;轴本体:3400;法兰部:3401;轴套:341;垫片:342;电磁感应元件:343;凹陷部:344;固定支架的宽度方向:W;固定支架的长度方向:L
实施例2
10保护锁机构;101第一下壳体;1011第一容置腔;1012贯穿孔;102锁销;1021执行部;1022连接部;1023第二容置腔;1024第一倾斜部;1025凹陷部;1026第二电磁感应元件;103动力销;1031阻挡部;1032第二倾斜部;104第一电磁感应元件;105第一弹性元件;106第二弹性元件;107第二下壳体;1071第三容置腔;108上壳体;1081第四容置腔;1082第一传感器;1083第二传感器;20一级锁止机构;201锁连杆;202一级锁舌;203一级锁基座;204一级空腔;205解锁块;30二级锁止机构;301二级锁基座;3011二级开口;3012二级空腔;302二级锁舌;3021二级锁舌本体;3022二级锁舌扩展部;303二级复位部件;40支撑机构;401支撑基座;402支撑开口;403支撑槽;50车体端电连接器;501接线端;502电接触端;60电池包固定座;601通孔;602电池包容纳腔;70线束
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
图1-5根据本发明一实施例示出了一种电池固定座的结构示意图。如图1-5所示,电池固定座10用于安装在电动车的车体上以固定电池包31,即可安装快换电池包或充电电池包。电池固定座10包括固定支架11、锁止机构和多个支撑装置14。锁止机构固设于固定支架11。多个支撑装置14固设于固定支架11面向电池包31的一侧,并用于提供支撑电池包31的多个支撑点。
在本实施例中,在将锁止机构与锁轴相配合实现电池包31锁止的基础上,通过在电池包31上设置多个支撑部34,并在固定支架11上设置用于支撑所述支撑部34的多个支撑装置14,电池包31的重量能够同时分布在多个支撑装置14以及锁止机构上,固定支架11的受力更加均匀,减小了电池包31施加至锁止机构上的作用力,避免了固定支架11上的锁止机构受力集中,提高了锁止机构的使用寿命,进而提高了安全性能,并且还提高了电池包总成30与电池固定座10的连接强度。并且,电池固定座10结构简单,生产成本低,同时,避免了过定位,从而降低了锁止机构不能解锁的风险。
如图1所示,固定支架11为框架结构。锁止机构和多个支撑装置14固定于框架结构的框内。当然,在其他实施例中,固定支架11也可以为具有环形侧壁的盘状结构、底面具有开口的长方体结构或板状结构,在此并不对本发明的保护范围产生限定作用。
其中,固定支架11包括一框架110和一临时连接件112。框架110中位于固定支架的宽度方向W上的一侧具有支架开口111,临时连接件112可拆卸连接于框架110中位于支架开口111的两端的部位,并覆盖于支架开口111或位于支架开口111内。在将电池包31和电池固定座10已安装至电动车时,可将临时连接件112拆卸,从而有利于减轻电动车的重量。
另外,锁止机构一般包括有锁基座,锁基座设有一开口以及自开口延伸的一空腔,开口用于供安装于电池包31的锁轴进入空腔。支撑装置14设有支撑槽142,支撑槽142的下表面与空腔的下表面位于同一平面。这样使得电池包31能够更加稳固地固定于固定支架11内,从而可以使得电池包31移动平稳。
在一优选的实施方式中,如图1所示,固定支架11中位于固定支架的长度方向L上的两侧均设有锁止机构,位于同一侧的支撑装置14与锁止机构之间为间隔设置。其中,固定支架11的长度方向与电动车的长度方向大致相同。
进一步优选地,在位于同一侧的支撑装置14和锁止机构中,在固定支架的长度方向L上,支撑装置14分布于固定支架11的两端,锁止机构位于固定支架11的中部。
如图1-3所示,固定支架11中位于固定支架的长度方向L上的两侧均设有两个锁止机构。位于固定支架11的同一侧的两个锁止机构间隔设置,并分别为一级锁止机构12和二级锁止机构13。其中,二级锁止机构13与一级锁止机构12协同使用;一级锁止机构12可参照公开号为CN106427514A的中国专利申请公开的“锁止装置”。二级锁止机构13可以为电池包31提供二级锁止或锁止保护功能,在一级锁止机构12失效时用于防止电池包31掉落,提高安全性能。
另外,一级锁止机构12包括锁连杆120、至少一个一级锁舌121和至少一个一级锁基座122。一级锁基座122固设于固定支架11。本实施例中,固定支架11的框内两侧各设有3个一级锁基座122和3个一级锁舌121。图2和图3即是其中一侧的局部示意图。
如图2-3所示,一级锁基座122设有一级开口123以及自一级开口123延伸的一级空腔124,一级开口123用于供安装于电池包31的一级锁轴32进入一级空腔124。锁连杆120与至少一个一级锁舌121可旋转连接,用于在外力作用下带动一级锁舌121旋转,使一级锁舌121能够相对于一级锁基座122旋转以在一级解锁状态以及一级锁止状态之间变化。当一级锁舌121处于一级锁止状态时,一级锁舌121能够阻止一级锁轴32从一级开口123离开一级空腔124。的“一级锁止状态”指的是一级锁止机构12的锁止的状态;的“一级解锁状态”指的是一级锁止机构12的解锁的状态。
如图4所示,二级锁止机构13包括有二级锁基座131、二级锁舌130和二级复位部件134。二级锁基座131固设于固定支架11。二级锁基座131设有一二级开口132以及自二级开口132延伸的一二级空腔133,二级开口132用于供安装于电池包31的二级锁轴33(结构与一级锁轴32相同或类似)进入二级空腔133。
二级锁舌130能够相对于二级锁基座131旋转以在一解锁状态以及一锁止状态之间变化。二级锁舌130包括固定连接的二级锁舌本体1300和二级锁舌扩展部1301,二级锁舌扩展部1301位于二级锁基座131的外部。当二级锁舌130处于锁止状态时,二级锁舌本体1300能够阻止二级锁轴33从二级开口132离开二级空腔133。
二级复位部件134设于二级锁基座131且二级复位部件134作用于二级锁舌130。二级复位部件134能够发生弹性变形,二级复位部件134用于使得二级锁舌130沿一锁止方向旋转以从解锁状态复位到锁止状态。
在二级锁止机构13中,设置二级复位部件134便于二级锁舌130从解锁状态复位到锁止状态,使得电池包31安装、锁止均方便,且在二级复位部件134作用下,二级锁舌 130不会轻易变化为解锁状态,锁止更加可靠;设置位于二级锁基座131外部的二级锁舌130扩展部,可以通过作用于二级锁舌130扩展部实现二级锁舌130本体的旋转,解锁方便。
在本实施例中,如图1-5所示,支撑槽142的下表面与一级空腔124的下表面、二级空腔133的下表面位于同一平面。支撑槽142的下表面、一级空腔124的下表面以及二级空腔133的下表面均指的是使用时靠近地面的表面,承担电池包31的支撑部34、一级锁轴32和二级锁轴33的支撑作用,三者位于同一平面可以使得电池包31移动平稳。
在一优选的实施方式中,多个支撑装置14分布于固定支架11中位于固定支架的长度方向L上的两侧。这样使得电池包31能够更加平稳地安装于电池固定座10。分别位于固定支架11的两侧的支撑装置14的数量相同,且固定支架11的两侧设置的支撑装置14一一对应并相对设置。
本实施例中,支撑装置14与一级锁基座122、二级锁基座131的结构类似,没有锁止作用,仅作为电池包31的支撑平台。其他实施例中,其他类似的具有支撑平台的支撑机构均可以适用。支撑装置14的数量可以根据实际电池包31的重量进行调整,优选达到平均每个支撑装置14上承受的重量不超过25KG。
如图5所示,支撑装置14包括支撑基座140,支撑基座140设有一支撑开口141以及自支撑开口141延伸的支撑槽142,支撑开口141用于供安装于电池包31的支撑部34进入支撑槽142。
在锁轴进入锁止机构(在本实施例中,一级锁轴32进入一级锁止机构12,二级锁轴33进入二级锁止机构13)的同时,电池包31的支撑部34进入电池固定座10的支撑槽142,且在锁止到位的同时,支撑部34也正好压设于支撑基座140的支撑槽142内,从而进一步使得电池包31能够更加稳固地固定于固定支架11内。
另外,支撑装置14还包括一弹性部件143,弹性部件143至少部分位于支撑槽142内,弹性部件143用于抵接电池包31的支撑部34。弹性部件143不一定需要与支撑部34接触,但是一旦接触,则可以防止支撑部34与支撑基座140刚性撞击。
具体地,弹性部件143包括依次连接的弹性垫1430、弹性柄部(未示出)以及弹性头部1431。弹性垫1430位于支撑槽142内,弹性垫1430用于抵接电池包31的支撑部34。弹性柄部穿设于支撑基座140,且支撑基座140的壁部卡设于弹性垫1430与弹性头部1431之间。这样整个弹性部件143可以稳固地安装于支撑基座140。弹性部件143优选由橡胶制成。
进一步地,支撑基座140设有定位孔144。支撑装置14还包括定位销145。定位销 145部分位于定位孔144外,且定位销145与定位孔144过盈配合。在将支撑装置14安装到固定支架11上时,定位销145可以用于定位。
支撑基座140设有安装孔146,安装孔146为螺纹孔,支撑基座140通过安装孔146可拆卸连接于固定支架11。支撑开口141为喇叭口,便于支撑部34进入支撑槽142。
如图1-3和5所示,固定支架11具有上到位容纳腔(未示出),上到位容纳腔位于支撑开口141的上方。上到位容纳腔内设有上到位传感器(未示出),上到位传感器用于检测电池包31的支撑部34是否已通过支撑开口141,从而可以判断电池包31在电动车的高度方向上相对于电池固定座10的安装是否已到位。
固定支架11具有前到位容纳腔(未示出),前到位容纳腔位于支撑槽142的前端。前端指的是在电动车的长度方向上靠近车头的位置。前到位容纳腔内设有前到位传感器(未示出),前到位传感器用于检测电池包31的支撑部34是否已进入支撑槽142的前端。从而可以判断电池包31在电动车的长度方向上相对于电池固定座10的安装是否已到位,进而才能确保电动车在电池包31安装到位的情况下行驶,提高电动车的安全性。
电池固定座10还包括快换传感器(未示出),快换传感器设置于固定支架11。快换传感器用于检测换电设备的位置信号,并将位置信号输送至控制器。快换传感器即强行断高压传感器,能够检测换电设备的位置信号,当换电设备已到达预设设置时,快换传感器将检测到的信号传递给控制器,以便对电池包31进行断电操作,以保证电池包31在断电的情况下进行更换,提高其安全性能。
本发明还提供了一种电动车,如图6所示,电动车包括电池包总成30和如上的电池固定座10,电池包总成30安装于电池固定座10。在本实施例中,电动车还包括底盘(未示出),电池固定座10固定于底盘。
如图7所示,电池包总成30包括电池包31和锁轴(在本实施例中,锁轴具有一级锁轴32和二级锁轴33),锁轴安装于电池包31。锁轴位于锁止机构内(在本实施例中,一级锁轴32位于一级锁止机构12内,二级锁轴33位于二级锁止机构13内)。
电池包总成30还包括多个支撑部34,多个支撑部34安装于电池包31,并与多个支撑装置14一一对应设置,支撑装置14用于支撑相对应的支撑部34。
采用包括如上的电池固定座10的电动车,在将锁止机构与锁轴相配合实现电池包31锁止的基础上,电池包31上设置多个支撑部34分别与固定支架11上的多个支撑装置14配合,电池包31的重量能够同时分布在多个支撑装置14以及锁止机构上,固定支架11的受力更加均匀,减小了电池包31施加至锁止机构上的作用力,避免了固定支架11上的锁止机构受力集中,提高了锁止机构的使用寿命,进而提高了安全性能,并且还提高 了电池包31总成30与电池固定座10的连接强度,从而提高了电动车的安全性能。
如图5和8-9所示,支撑部34包括支撑轴340,支撑轴340压设于支撑基座140,并位于支撑槽142内。在锁轴进入开口(在本实施例中,一级锁轴32进入一级开口123,二级锁轴33进入二级开口132)时,支撑轴340进入支撑开口141,在锁轴进入锁止机构的空腔(在本实施例中,一级锁轴32进入一级锁止机构12的一级空腔124,二级锁轴33进入二级锁止机构13的二级空腔133)时,电池包31的支撑轴340进入电池固定座10的支撑槽142,且在锁止到位的同时,支撑轴340也正好压设于支撑基座140的支撑槽142内,从而进一步使得电池包31能够更加稳固地固定于固定支架11内。
另外,支撑部34还包括轴套341,轴套341可旋转套设于支撑轴340。轴套341可旋转套设于支撑轴340,使得轴套341可滚动,从而保证实现多次安装,减小磨损,提高支撑部34的使用寿命。轴套341的材质优选为弹性材质;
在一优选的实施方式中,支撑部34还包括垫片342,垫片342套设于支撑轴340,并压设于轴套341的一端。支撑轴340包括轴本体3400和法兰部3401,法兰部3401同轴设置于轴本体3400的一端,轴套341套设于轴本体3400,法兰部3401可拆卸连接于电池包31。
进一步优选地,支撑轴340上设有电磁感应元件343。电磁感应元件343优选为磁钢。支撑轴340中远离电池包31的一端设有凹陷部344,电磁感应元件343位于凹陷部344内。且电磁感应元件343与支撑轴340中远离电池包31的两端面位于同一平面上。
上到位传感器作用于电磁感应元件343,用于检测电池包31的支撑部34是否已通过支撑开口141。从而可以判断电池包31在电动车的高度方向上相对于电池固定座10的安装是否已到位。
前到位传感器作用于电磁感应元件343,用于检测电池包31的支撑部34是否已进入支撑槽142的前端。从而可以判断电池包31在电动车的长度方向上相对于电池固定座10的安装是否已到位,进而才能确保电动车在电池包31安装到位的情况下行驶,提高电动车的安全性。
接下来,主要参考图4-5和图7,简单描述二级锁止机构13和支撑装置14的工作过程,主要包括解锁过程以及锁止过程,其中初始状态均为锁止状态。
锁止过程:二级锁轴33在外力作用下向上移动,经过二级开口132进入二级空腔133,二级锁轴33作用于二级锁舌130使得二级锁舌130绕逆时针方向旋转,同时,支撑部34在外力作用下向上移动,经过支撑开口141进入支撑槽142;二级锁舌130作用于二级复位部件134,使得二级复位部件134的弹力发生变化;二级锁舌130旋转到一定角度后, 二级空腔133内可供二级锁轴33经过的通道形成,二级锁轴33可从后往前运动,同时,支撑部34在支撑槽142内可从后往前运动;直至二级锁轴33不再与二级锁舌130接触,二级锁舌130在复位部件的作用下顺时针旋转,复位至锁止状态,在二级锁轴33锁止到位的同时,支撑部34也安装到位。
解锁过程:给二级锁舌130施加一作用力,使得二级锁舌130绕逆时针方向旋转;二级锁舌130作用于二级复位部件134,使得二级复位部件134的弹力发生变化;二级锁舌130旋转到一定角度后,二级空腔133内可供二级锁轴33经过的通道形成;二级锁轴33可从前往后运动,再经过二级开口132往下运动,离开二级锁止机构13,同时,支撑部34可在支撑槽142内从前往后运动,再经过支撑开口141往下运动,离开支撑装置14。
实施例2
本实施例揭示一种换电装置,用于对电动汽车进行换电。如图10和图11所示,换电装置包括电池包固定座60(该电池固定座对应于实施例1中的电池固定座)、车体端电连接器50。其中,电池包固定座的固定支架形成有用于容纳电池包(图中未标示出)的电池包容纳腔602,电池包的两侧设有锁轴,锁止机构固设于电池包容纳腔602的两侧。车体端电连接器50设于电池包容纳腔602内朝向电池包的电池端电连接器的一侧。其中,当电池包的锁轴沿电池包的高度方向上在锁止机构内上升到位时,锁轴在锁止机构内沿电池包的长度方向距离锁定点的距离大于电池端电连接器、车体端电连接器50之间在沿电池包的长度方向上的间隙。当锁轴到达锁止机构的锁定点时,电池端电连接器与车体端电连接器50过盈配合。
在本实施方式中,当电池包的锁轴在锁止机构内锁止到位后,电池端电连接器能够可靠地与车体端电连接器50电连接,从而能够提高使用该换电装置对电动汽车换电的可靠性和换电效率。
为了便于描述,将锁轴在锁止机构内沿电池包的长度方向距离锁定点的距离称作第一距离,将电池端电连接器的高压极柱、车体端电连接器50的高压极柱之间在沿电池包的长度方向上的间隙称作第二距离。在本实施方式中,车体端电连接器50的低压极柱的高度低于车体端电连接器50的高压极柱的高度,且车体端电连接器50的低压极柱和车体端电连接器50的高压极柱之间的高度差小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值。
在本实施方式中,上述高度差与差值的关系使得车体端电连接器50与电池端电连接器连接时,高压先连接、低压后连接,只要低压接触后电池包内接触器控制开关可输出高压。并且能够使得车体端电连接器50与电池端电连接器的连接断开时,低压先断开控 制高压断开,防止因高压未断引起极柱拉弧烧结等不良现象发生。优选地,车体端电连接器50的低压极柱和车体端电连接器50的高压极柱之间的高度差的范围为0~2mm。且在本实施方式中,车体端电连接器50的低压极柱和车体端电连接器50的高压极柱之间的高度差为1mm。
需要说明的是,车体端电连接器50的低压极柱和车体端电连接器50的高压极柱之间的高度差在能够实现车体端电连接器50和电池端电连接器的基础上,可以取0与第一距离与第二距离之间的差值的任意数值。
在其他可替代的实施方式中,也可以设置为:电池端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于电池端电连接器的高压极柱的高度,且电池端电连接器的低压极柱和电池端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值。
在另一可替代的实施方式中,也可以设置为:车体端电连接器50的低压极柱的高度低于车体端电连接器50的高压极柱的高度,且电池端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于电池端电连接器的高压极柱的高度;车体端电连接器50的低压极柱和车体端电连接器50的高压极柱之间的高度差以及电池端电连接器的低压极柱和电池端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差之和小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值。
在本实施方式中,电池端连接器与车体端电连接器之间浮动电连接,图10中的车体端电连接器50的高压极柱具有电接触端502和接线端501。其中,高压极柱的电接触端502的端面上设有凹槽(图中未标示出),凹槽沿高压极柱的轴向向内凹进,凹槽内嵌设有导电弹性件(图中未标示出),导电弹性件凸出于电接触端502的接触面。优选地,导电弹性件为导电簧。另外,车体端电连接器50包括柔性电连接件(图中未标示出)和高压插头,柔性电连接件的一端与高压极柱的接线端501浮动电连接。高压插头与柔性电连接件的另一端浮动电连接。
在本实施方式中,锁止机构括有锁基座,锁基座设有一开口以及自开口延伸的一空腔,开口用于供锁轴进入空腔。电池包固定座60具有上到位容纳腔,上到位容纳腔位于开口的上方,上到位容纳腔内设有上到位传感器,上到位传感器用于检测锁轴是否已通过开口,并在沿电池包的高度方向上在锁止机构内上升到位。电池包固定座60还具有前到位容纳腔,前到位容纳腔位于空腔的前端,前到位容纳腔内设有前到位传感器,前到位传感器用于检测锁轴是否已进入空腔的前端,并在沿电池包的长度方向上在锁止机构内锁止到位。
在本实施方式中,上到位传感器能够检测锁轴是否在锁止机构内上升到位,前到位传感器能够检测锁轴是否在空腔的前端锁止到位、达到锁定点,上到位传感器和前到位 传感器能够提高电池包的锁止可靠性,从而有利于提高车体端电连接器50与电池端电连接器的电连接可靠性,进而有利于提高电动汽车的换电可靠性。
如图10所示,电池包固定座60上还设有线束70,线束70用于将上到位传感器检测到的上到位信号、前到位传感器检测到的前到位信号传递到换电设备。
参照图10和图11予以理解,电池包固定座60中位于电池包固定座60的长度方向上的两侧均设有两个锁止机构,位于电池包固定座60的同一侧的两个锁止机构间隔设置,且两个锁止机构分别为一级锁止机构20和二级锁止机构30。车体端电连接器50设于电池包固定座60中沿电池包固定座60的宽度方向上的一侧壁。电池包固定座60的长度方向平行于电池包的长度方向。其中,当以一级锁止机构20失效时,二级锁止机构30起作用,以对电池包的锁轴进行锁止,防止电池包脱落,从而,有利于进一步提高电动汽车的换电可靠性。
参照图10-12予以理解,一级锁止机构20包括锁连杆201、至少一个一级锁舌202、至少一个一级锁基座203,一级锁基座203固设于电池包固定座60,一级锁基座203设有一级开口以及自一级开口延伸的一级空腔204,一级开口用于供电池包的一级锁轴进入一级空腔204,锁连杆201与至少一个一级锁舌202可旋转连接,用于在外力作用下带动一级锁舌202旋转,使一级锁舌202能够相对于一级锁基座203旋转以在一级解锁状态以及一级锁止状态之间变化,当一级锁舌202处于一级锁止状态时,一级锁舌202能够阻止一级锁轴从一级开口离开一级空腔204。锁连杆201朝向一级锁基座203的一侧还设有解锁块205,解锁块205为自锁连杆201向外形成的弧形凸起,解锁块205的顶部为向锁连杆201凹进的内弧槽。其中,在本实施方式中,一级锁舌202和一级锁基座203的数量均为三个。
参照图10和图13予以理解,二级锁止机构30包括有二级锁基座301、二级锁舌302和二级复位部件303。其中,二级锁基座301固设于电池包固定座60,二级锁基座301设有一二级开口3011以及自二级开口3011延伸的二级空腔3012,二级开口3011用于供电池包的二级锁轴进入二级空腔3012。二级锁舌302能够相对于二级锁基座301旋转以在二级解锁状态以及二级锁止状态之间变化,二级锁舌302包括固定连接的二级锁舌本体3021和二级锁舌扩展部3022,二级锁舌302扩展部位于二级锁基座301的外部,当二级锁舌302处于二级锁止状态时,二级锁舌本体3021能够阻止二级锁轴从二级开口3011离开二级空腔3012。二级复位部件303设于二级锁基座301且二级复位部件303作用于二级锁舌302,二级复位部件303能够发生弹性变形,二级复位部件303用于使得二级锁舌302沿一锁止方向旋转以从二级解锁状态复位到二级锁止状态。
参照图10、图11和图14-16予以理解,换电装置还包括保护锁机构10。保护锁机构10固设于电池包固定座60上与一级锁机构相对的一侧,保护锁机构10设于锁连杆201的移动路径上,用于限制锁连杆201相对于一级锁基座203的运动。保护锁机构10能够相对于锁连杆201在第一位置和第二位置之间移动。其中,当保护锁机构10位于第一位置时,保护锁机构10作用于锁连杆201,以限制锁连杆201相对于一级锁基座203的运动;当保护锁机构10位于第二位置时,保护锁机构10与锁连杆201脱离,以允许锁连杆201相对于一级锁基座203的运动。
当一级锁止机构20对锁轴进行锁止时,保护锁机构10能够限制锁连杆201相对于一级锁基座203的运动,从而能够提高一级锁止机构20的锁止效果,使得一级锁止机构20能够较为可靠地对锁轴进行锁定。进而,也有利于提高电动汽车的换电可靠性。
参照图11、图14-18予以理解,保护锁机构10包括第一下壳体101和锁销102。第一下壳体101可拆卸连接于一级锁基座203中与锁轴相对的一侧面,第一下壳体101的内部具有第一容置腔1011,下壳体的侧壁具有与第一容置腔1011相连通的贯穿孔1012。锁销102位于第一容置腔1011内,且锁穿设于贯穿孔1012,并能够在一伸出状态和一缩回状态之间切换。其中,锁销102处于伸出状态时,锁销102位于第一位置;锁销102处于缩回状态时,锁销102位于第二位置。通过控制锁销102的伸出和缩回来实现锁销102在第一位置和第二位置之间的切换,结构简单,便于实现。另外,如图2所示,电池包固定座60上设有通孔601,锁销102通过通孔601在第一位置和第二位置之间切换。
保护锁机构10还包括动力销103、第一电磁感应元件104和第一弹性元件105。动力销103作用于锁销102,动力销103能够相对于锁销102运动,以与锁销102相接合或相分离。第一电磁感应元件104设于动力销103,第一电磁感应元件104用于在外部电磁设备的作用下,带动动力销103施加给锁销102沿锁销102的缩回方向的作用力。第一弹性元件105连接于锁销102远离空腔的一端,第一弹性元件105抵接于锁销102与第一容置腔1011的内壁面之间,第一弹性元件105用于施加给锁销102沿锁销102的伸出方向的作用力。其中,当第一电磁感应元件104与外部电磁设备吸合时,动力销103与锁销102相分离,并施加给锁销102沿缩回方向的作用力,以使锁销102处于缩回状态;当第一电磁感应元件104与外部电磁设备分离时,第一弹性元件105施加给锁销102沿伸出方向的作用力,动力销103与锁销102相接合,以使锁销102处于伸出状态。
在本实施方式中,当第一电磁感应元件104与外部电磁设备吸合时,动力销103朝着远离锁销102的方向运动,并施加给锁销102沿缩回方向的作用力,使得锁销102缩回,锁销102会挤压第一弹性元件105,当动力销103与锁销102完全分离后,第一弹性 元件105向锁销102提供回复力,使得锁销102回到用于与动力销103接合的位置。当第一电磁感应元件104与外部电磁设备分离时,动力销103朝着靠近锁销102的方向运动,以与锁销102接合,使得锁销102处于伸出状态。另外,在本实施方式中,采用磁性吸合的方式来控制动力销103与锁销102的接合与分离,进而控制锁销102的伸出与缩回,控制方法简单,且控制效率较高。
锁销102具有执行部1021和连接部1022。连接部1022连接于执行部1021远离一级空腔204的一端,连接部1022具有第二容置腔1023,第二容置腔1023用于容置动力销103。其中,第一弹性元件105连接于连接部1022远离执行部1021的一端,第一弹性元件105抵接于连接部1022与第一容置腔1011的内壁面之间,第一弹性元件105施加给连接部1022沿伸出方向的作用力。当动力销103与锁销102接合时,动力销103靠近锁销102的一端卡合于第二容置腔1023,属于内嵌式连接,占用的空间较少。
本实施方式中,连接部1022的长度方向与动力销103的高度方向形成有第一夹角,第二容置腔1023沿动力销103的高度方向延伸,以使动力销103相对于锁销102沿动力销103的高度方向运动。
动力销103沿其高度方向具有首端和尾端,动力销103的首端嵌设于第二容置腔1023,第一电磁感应元件104设于动力销103的尾端。第二容置腔1023的内壁面上具有第一倾斜部1024,动力销103的首端具有与第一倾斜部1024相适配的第二倾斜部1032。其中,动力销103与锁销102相接合时,第一倾斜部1024贴合于第二倾斜部1032;当动力销103与锁销102相分离时,第二倾斜部1032相对于第一倾斜部1024向下运动,并施加给锁销102沿缩回方向的作用力,以使锁销102处于缩回状态。
在本实施方式中,巧妙地利用第一倾斜部1024和第二倾斜部1032的配合,当动力销103朝着远离锁销102的方向运动时,第一倾斜部1024相对于第二倾斜部1032滑动,第一倾斜部1024施加给第二倾斜部1032的摩擦力可以分解为一沿缩回方向的分力,在该分力的作用下,锁销102缩回。
第二容置腔1023的内壁面上还具有凹陷部1025,动力销103的首端具有与凹陷部1025相适配的凸出部。第二容置腔1023的内壁面上具有两个第一倾斜部1024,且两个第一倾斜部1024相对设置于凹陷部1025的两侧。在本实施方式中,凹陷部1025能够对动力销103起到限位作用,有助于使得动力销103与锁销102的可靠接合,从而有助于实现锁销102的稳定伸出,从而有助于实现对锁轴的可靠锁止。
第一电磁感应元件104嵌设于动力销103的尾端。如此设置使得第一电磁感应元件104不会在动力销103的外部额外占用空间,有利于提高空间利用率。另外,也有利于保 护第一电磁感应元件104。
另外,动力销103的尾端套设有第二弹性元件106,第二弹性元件106施加给动力销103沿靠近连接部1022的方向的作用力;其中第二弹性元件106施加给动力销103的作用力大于动力销103的重力。在本实施方式中,当动力销103与锁销102接合时,第二弹性元件106施加给动力销103的作用力,能够使得动力销103不会在重力的作用下掉落,从而能够进一步提高动力销103与锁销102接合的可靠性。当需要动力销103朝着靠近锁销102的方向运动时,第二弹性元件106施加给动力销103的作用力能够克服动力销103的重力,从而使得动力销103能够较为可靠地朝着靠近锁销102的方向运动。
保护锁机构10还包括第二下壳体107,第二下壳体107连接于第一下壳体101的底部,第二下壳体107具有第三容置腔1071,第三容置腔1071与第一容置腔1011相连通,动力销103位于第三容置腔1071内。第二下壳体107的中心轴线与第一下壳体101的中心轴线之间形成有第二夹角,第二夹角等于第一夹角。
另外,动力销103的外壁面上与第二弹性元件106的两端相对应的位置处均设有阻挡部1031,第二弹性元件106卡设于两阻挡部1031之间。也就是说,在本实施方式中,第二弹性元件106整体套设在动力销103的外壁面,且第二弹性元件106为弹簧。其中,阻挡部1031的主要作用是对第二弹性元件106进行定位,以限制第二弹性元件106沿动力销103的高度方向的运动。
另外,保护锁机构10还包括上壳体108,上壳体108压设于并可拆卸连接于第一下壳体101。上壳体108能够对锁销102、动力销103等起到固定和保护作用。上壳体108具有第四容置腔1081,第四容置腔1081内设有第一传感器1082,执行部1021上设有第二电磁感应元件1026。其中,第一传感器1082作用于第二电磁感应元件1026,以检测执行部1021处于伸出状态。第四容置腔1081内还设有第二传感器1083,第二传感器1083作用于第二电磁感应元件1026,以检测执行部1021处于缩回状态。其中,与第一传感器1082相比,第二传感器1083更靠近动力销103。通过第一传感器1082、第二传感器1083与第二电磁感应元件1026能够可靠地检测到锁销102何时处于伸出状态、缩回状态,有利于实现一级锁止机构20对电池包的解锁和锁止。另外,在本实施方式中,第一电磁感应元件104和第二电磁感应元件1026均为磁钢。
另外,在本实施方式中,保护锁机构10采用电磁吸合动力销103的方式实现锁销102的伸出和缩进,且锁销102的伸出和缩进在同一直线方向上。在其他可替代的实施方式中,可以采用其他驱动方式(非电磁驱动方式)实现锁销102的伸出和缩进,也可以将锁销102的行动路径设置为曲线,也可以采用其他非锁销102的结构,如曲柄机构、摇 杆机构,来实现保护锁构在第一位置和第二位置之间的切换。
参照图10和图19予以理解,换电装置还包括多个支撑机构40。多个支撑机构40固设于电池包固定座60面向电池包的一侧,多个支撑机构40用于提供支撑电池包的多个支撑点。具体地,支撑机构40包括支撑基座401,支撑基座401设有支撑开口402以及自支撑开口402延伸的支撑槽403,支撑开口402用于供安装于电池包的支撑部进入支撑槽403。多个支撑机构40分布于电池包固定座60中位于电池包固定座60的长度方向上的两侧,且电池包固定座60的两侧设置的支撑机构40一一对应并相对设置。电池包固定座60中位于电池包固定座60的长度方向上的两侧均设有锁止机构,位于同一侧的支撑机构40与锁止机构之间间隔设置。支撑机构40能够对电池包起到支撑作用,便于实现电池包与电池包固定座60的安装,有利于提高锁止机构的锁止效果,从而有利于提高电动汽车的换电可靠性。
另外,在本实施方式中,图10中的电池包固定座60上还设有换电传感器(图中未标示出),换电传感器用于感应换电设备,并用于控制车体端电连接器50与电池端电连接器之间的电连接断开。当换电设备将电池包从电池包固定座60上取下时,换电传感器能够断开车体端电连接器50与电池端电连接器之间的电连接,从而能够对电动汽车起到保护作用。
本实施例还揭示一种换电装置的安装方法,安装方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将电池包自电池包固定座的底部沿电池包的高度方向装入电池包固定座,直至锁轴在沿电池包的高度方向上在锁止机构内上升到位;
步骤2、使电池包沿其长度方向向前运动,直至锁轴在沿电池包的长度方向上在锁止机构内到达锁定点。
对于本实施例中的换电装置,当电池包的锁轴在锁止机构内锁止到位后,电池端电连接器能够可靠地与车体端电连接器电连接,从而能够提高使用该换电装置对电动汽车换电的可靠性和换电效率。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,这些仅是举例说明,在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下,可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此,本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池固定座,用于安装在电动车的车体上以固定电池包,所述电池固定座包括固定支架和锁止机构,所述锁止机构固设于所述固定支架,其特征在于,所述电池固定座还包括:
    多个支撑装置,所述支撑装置固设于所述固定支架面向电池包的一侧,多个所述支撑装置用于提供支撑所述电池包的多个支撑点。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池固定座,其特征在于,所述锁止机构包括有锁基座,所述锁基座设有一开口以及自所述开口延伸的一空腔,所述开口用于供安装于所述电池包的锁轴进入所述空腔;
    所述支撑装置设有支撑槽,所述支撑槽的下表面与所述空腔的下表面位于同一平面。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池固定座,其特征在于,所述支撑装置设有支撑槽;
    所述支撑装置包括:
    支撑基座,所述支撑基座设有一支撑开口以及自所述支撑开口延伸的所述支撑槽,所述支撑开口用于供安装于所述电池包的支撑部进入所述支撑槽;
    优选地,所述固定支架具有上到位容纳腔,所述上到位容纳腔位于所述支撑开口的上方,所述上到位容纳腔内设有上到位传感器,所述上到位传感器用于检测所述电池包的支撑部是否已通过所述支撑开口;
    和/或,所述固定支架具有前到位容纳腔,所述前到位容纳腔位于所述支撑槽的前端,所述前到位容纳腔内设有前到位传感器,所述前到位传感器用于检测所述电池包的支撑部是否已进入所述支撑槽的前端。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池固定座,其特征在于,所述支撑装置还包括一弹性部件,所述弹性部件至少部分位于所述支撑槽内,所述弹性部件用于抵接所述电池包的支撑部;
    优选地,所述弹性部件包括依次连接的弹性垫、弹性柄部以及弹性头部;
    所述弹性垫位于所述支撑槽内,所述弹性垫用于抵接所述电池包的支撑部;
    所述弹性柄部穿设于所述支撑基座,且所述支撑基座的壁部卡设于所述弹性垫与所述弹性头部之间。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的电池固定座,其特征在于,所述支撑基座设有定位孔,所述支撑装置还包括定位销,所述定位销部分位于所述定位孔外,且所述定位销与所述定位孔过盈配合;
    和/或,所述支撑基座设有安装孔,所述安装孔为螺纹孔,所述支撑基座通过所述安 装孔可拆卸连接于所述固定支架;
    和/或,所述支撑开口为喇叭口。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中至少一项所述的电池固定座,其特征在于,多个所述支撑装置分布于所述固定支架中位于所述固定支架的长度方向上的两侧;
    优选地,分别位于所述固定支架的两侧的所述支撑装置的数量相同,且所述固定支架的两侧设置的所述支撑装置一一对应并相对设置;
    和/或,,所述固定支架中位于所述固定支架的长度方向上的两侧均设有所述锁止机构,位于同一侧的所述支撑装置与所述锁止机构之间为间隔设置;
    优选地,在位于同一侧的所述支撑装置和所述锁止机构中,在所述固定支架的长度方向上,所述支撑装置分布于所述固定支架的两端,所述锁止机构位于所述固定支架的中部。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电池固定座,其特征在于,所述固定支架中位于所述固定支架的长度方向上的两侧均设有两个所述锁止机构,位于所述固定支架的同一侧的两个所述锁止机构间隔设置,并分别为一级锁止机构和二级锁止机构;
    优选地,所述一级锁止机构包括锁连杆、至少一个一级锁舌、至少一个一级锁基座,所述一级锁基座固设于所述固定支架,所述一级锁基座设有一级开口以及自所述一级开口延伸的一级空腔,所述一级开口用于供安装于所述电池包的一级锁轴进入所述一级空腔,锁连杆与至少一个所述一级锁舌可旋转连接,用于在外力作用下带动所述一级锁舌旋转,使所述一级锁舌能够相对于所述一级锁基座旋转以在一级解锁状态以及一级锁止状态之间变化,当所述一级锁舌处于所述一级锁止状态时,所述一级锁舌能够阻止所述一级锁轴从所述一级开口离开所述一级空腔;
    和/或,所述二级锁止机构包括有:
    二级锁基座,所述二级锁基座固设于所述固定支架,所述二级锁基座设有一二级开口以及自所述二级开口延伸的一二级空腔,所述二级开口用于供安装于所述电池包的二级锁轴进入所述二级空腔;
    二级锁舌,所述二级锁舌能够相对于所述二级锁基座旋转以在一解锁状态以及一锁止状态之间变化,所述二级锁舌包括固定连接的二级锁舌本体和二级锁舌扩展部,所述二级锁舌扩展部位于所述二级锁基座的外部,当所述二级锁舌处于所述锁止状态时,所述二级锁舌本体能够阻止所述二级锁轴从所述二级开口离开所述二级空腔;以及
    二级复位部件,所述二级复位部件设于所述二级锁基座且所述二级复位部件作用于所述二级锁舌,所述二级复位部件能够发生弹性变形,所述二级复位部件用于使得所述 二级锁舌沿一锁止方向旋转以从所述解锁状态复位到所述锁止状态。
  8. 如权利要求1-7至少一项所述的电池固定座,其特征在于,所述固定支架包括一框架和一临时连接件,所述框架中位于所述固定支架的宽度方向上的一侧具有支架开口,所述临时连接件可拆卸连接于所述框架中位于所述支架开口的两端的部位,并覆盖于所述支架开口或位于所述支架开口内;
    和/或,所述电池固定座还包括快换传感器,所述快换传感器设置于所述固定支架,所述快换传感器用于检测换电设备的位置信号,并将所述位置信号输送至控制器。
  9. 一种换电装置,其特征在于,其包括权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的电池固定座,固定支架形成有用于容纳电池包的电池包容纳腔,所述电池包的两侧设有锁轴,所述锁止机构固设于所述电池包容纳腔的两侧,所述换电装置还包括:
    车体端电连接器,所述车体端电连接器设于所述电池包容纳腔内且所述车体端电连接器朝向所述电池包的电池端连接器所述车体端电连接器与所述电池端连接器均具有多个相对应的极柱;
    其中,当所述电池包的锁轴沿所述电池包的高度方向上在所述锁止机构内上升到位时,所述锁轴在所述锁止机构内沿所述电池包的长度方向距离锁定点的距离大于所述电池端电连接器、所述车体端电连接器之间在沿所述电池包的长度方向上的间隙;
    当所述锁轴到达所述锁止机构的锁定点时,所述电池端电连接器的极柱抵接于所述车体端电连接器的极柱。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的换电装置,其特征在于,所述锁轴在所述锁止机构内沿所述电池包的长度方向距离锁定点的距离为第一距离,所述电池端电连接器的高压极柱、所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间在沿所述电池包的长度方向上的间隙为第二距离;
    所述车体端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱的高度,且所述车体端电连接器的低压极柱和所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值;
    或,所述电池端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于所述电池端电连接器的高压极柱的高度,且所述电池端电连接器的低压极柱和所述电池端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值;
    优选地,所述车体端电连接器的低压极柱和所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差的范围为0~2mm。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的换电装置,其特征在于,所述锁轴在所述锁止机构内沿所述电池包的长度方向距离锁定点的距离为第一距离,所述电池端电连接器的高压极柱、 所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间在沿所述电池包的长度方向上的间隙为第二距离;
    所述车体端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱的高度,且所述电池端电连接器的低压极柱的高度低于所述电池端电连接器的高压极柱的高度;
    所述车体端电连接器的低压极柱和所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差以及所述电池端电连接器的低压极柱和所述电池端电连接器的高压极柱之间的高度差之和小于或等于第一距离与第二距离之间的差值。
  12. 如权利要求9-11中至少一项所述的换电装置,其特征在于,所述车体端电连接器用于与所述电池端电连接器之间浮动电连接;
    优选地,所述车体端电连接器的高压极柱具有电接触端和接线端;
    其中,所述高压极柱的所述电接触端的端面上设有凹槽,所述凹槽沿所述高压极柱的轴向向内凹进,所述凹槽内嵌设有导电弹性件,所述导电弹性件凸出于所述电接触端的接触面;
    优选地,所述导电弹性件为导电簧。
  13. 如权利要求9所述的换电装置,其特征在于,所述锁止机构括有锁基座,所述锁基座设有一开口以及自所述开口延伸的一空腔,所述开口用于供所述锁轴进入所述空腔;
    所述电池包固定座具有上到位容纳腔,所述上到位容纳腔位于所述开口的上方,所述上到位容纳腔内设有上到位传感器,所述上到位传感器用于检测所述锁轴是否已通过所述开口,并在沿所述电池包的高度方向上在所述锁止机构内上升到位;
    和/或,所述电池包固定座具有前到位容纳腔,所述前到位容纳腔位于所述空腔的前端,所述前到位容纳腔内设有前到位传感器,所述前到位传感器用于检测所述锁轴是否已进入所述空腔的前端,并在沿所述电池包的长度方向上在所述锁止机构内锁止到位;
    优选地,所述电池包固定座中位于所述电池包固定座的长度方向上的两侧均设有两个所述锁止机构,位于所述电池包固定座的同一侧的两个所述锁止机构间隔设置,并分别为一级锁止机构和二级锁止机构;所述车体端电连接器设于所述电池包固定座中沿所述电池包固定座的宽度方向上的一侧壁;其中,所述电池包固定座的长度方向平行于所述电池包的长度方向。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的换电装置,其特征在于,所述换电装置还包括:
    保护锁机构,所述保护锁机构固设于所述电池包固定座上与所述一级锁机构相对的一侧,所述保护锁机构设于所述一级锁机构的锁连杆的移动路径上,用于限制所述锁连杆相对于所述一级锁机构的一级锁基座的运动;
    优选地,所述保护锁机构能够相对于所述锁连杆在第一位置和第二位置之间移动;
    其中,当所述保护锁机构位于所述第一位置时,所述保护锁机构作用于所述锁连杆,以限制所述锁连杆相对于所述一级锁基座的运动;
    当所述保护锁机构位于所述第二位置时,所述保护锁机构与所述锁连杆脱离,以允许所述锁连杆相对于所述一级锁基座的运动;
    优选地,所述保护锁机构包括:
    下壳体,所述第一下壳体可拆卸连接于所述一级锁基座中与所述锁轴相对的一侧面,所述下壳体的内部具有容置腔,所述下壳体的侧壁具有与所述容置腔相连通的贯穿孔;
    锁销,所述锁销位于所述容置腔内,且所述锁销穿设于所述锁销,并能够在一伸出状态和一缩回状态之间切换;其中,所述锁销处于所述伸出状态时,所述锁销位于所述第一位置;所述锁销处于所述缩回状态时,所述锁销位于所述第二位置;
    优选地,所述保护锁机构还包括:
    动力销,所述动力销作用于所述锁销,并在外力作用下能够相对于所述锁销运动,以与所述锁销相接合或相分离;
    其中,当所述动力销与所述锁销相分离时,所述动力销施加给所述锁销沿缩回方向的作用力,以使所述锁销处于所述缩回状态;
    当所述动力销与所述锁销相接合时,所述锁销处于所述伸出状态。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的换电装置,其特征在于,所述电池包固定座上还设有线束,所述线束用于将所述上到位传感器检测到的上到位信号、所述前到位传感器检测到的前到位信号传递到换电设备。
  16. 如权利要求9-15中至少一项所述的换电装置,其特征在于,所述换电装置还包括:
    多个支撑机构,多个所述支撑机构固设于所述电池包固定座面向所述电池包的一侧,多个所述支撑机构用于提供支撑所述电池包的多个支撑点;
    优选地,所述支撑机构包括:
    支撑基座,所述支撑基座设有支撑开口以及自所述支撑开口延伸的支撑槽,所述支撑开口用于供安装于所述电池包的支撑部进入所述支撑槽;
    优选地,多个所述支撑机构分布于所述电池包固定座中位于所述电池包固定座的长度方向上的两侧,且所述电池包固定座的两侧设置的所述支撑机构一一对应并相对设置;
    所述电池包固定座中位于所述电池包固定座的长度方向上的两侧均设有所述锁止机构,位于同一侧的所述支撑机构与所述锁止机构之间间隔设置。
  17. 如权利要求9-16中至少一项所述的换电装置,其特征在于,所述换电装置还包括:
    换电传感器,所述换电传感器设于所述电池包固定座上,用于感应换电设备,并用于控制所述车体端电连接器与所述电池端电连接器之间的电连接断开。
  18. 一种如权利要求9-17中任意一项所述的换电装置的安装方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
    S1、将所述电池包自所述电池包固定座的底部沿所述电池包的高度方向装入所述电池包固定座,直至所述锁轴在沿所述电池包的高度方向上在所述锁止机构内上升到位;
    S2、使所述电池包沿其长度方向向前运动,直至所述锁轴在沿所述电池包的长度方向上在所述锁止机构内到达所述锁定点。
  19. 一种电动车,其包括电池包总成,所述电池包总成包括电池包和锁轴,所述锁轴安装于所述电池包,其特征在于,所述电动车还包括如权利要求1所述的电池固定座,所述电池包总成安装于所述电池固定座,所述锁轴位于所述锁止机构内;
    所述电池包总成还包括多个支撑部,多个所述支撑部安装于所述电池包,并与多个所述支撑装置一一对应设置,所述支撑装置用于支撑相对应的所述支撑部。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的电动车,其特征在于,所述锁止机构包括有锁基座,所述锁基座设有一开口以及自所述开口延伸的一空腔,所述开口用于供所述锁轴进入所述空腔,所述锁轴位于所述空腔内;
    所述支撑装置包括支撑基座,所述支撑基座设有一支撑开口以及自所述支撑开口延伸的所述支撑槽,所述支撑开口用于供所述支撑部进入所述支撑槽;
    所述支撑部包括支撑轴,所述支撑轴压设于所述支撑基座,并位于所述支撑槽内;
    优选地,所述支撑部还包括轴套,所述轴套可旋转套设于所述支撑轴;
    优选地,所述轴套的材质为弹性材质;
    和/或,所述支撑部还包括垫片,所述垫片套设于所述支撑轴,并压设于所述轴套的一端;
    和/或,所述支撑轴包括轴本体和法兰部,所述法兰部同轴设置于所述轴本体的一端,所述轴套套设于所述轴本体,所述法兰部可拆卸连接于所述电池包;
    和/或,所述支撑轴上设有电磁感应元件,所述电磁感应元件优选为磁钢;
    所述固定支架具有上到位容纳腔,所述上到位容纳腔位于所述支撑开口的上方,所述上到位容纳腔内设有上到位传感器,所述上到位传感器作用于所述电磁感应元件,用于检测所述电池包的支撑部是否已通过所述支撑开口;
    和/或,所述固定支架具有前到位容纳腔,所述前到位容纳腔位于所述支撑槽的前端,所述前到位容纳腔内设有前到位传感器,所述前到位传感器作用于所述电磁感应元件,用于检测所述电池包的支撑部是否已进入所述支撑槽的前端。;
    优选地,所述支撑轴中远离所述电池包的一端设有凹陷部,所述电磁感应元件位于所述凹陷部内,且所述电磁感应元件与所述支撑轴中远离所述电池包的两端面位于同一平面上;
    和/或,所述支撑部包括:
    支撑轴,所述支撑轴压设于所述支撑装置;
    轴套,所述轴套可旋转套设于所述支撑轴;
    优选地,所述电动车还包括底盘,所述电池固定座固定于所述底盘。
PCT/CN2018/125679 2017-12-29 2018-12-29 电池固定座、换电装置、电动车、电动车的安装方法 Ceased WO2019129285A1 (zh)

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CA3087315A CA3087315C (en) 2017-12-29 2018-12-29 Battery holder, power transfer device, electric vehicle and installation method for electric vehicle
US16/958,763 US11588338B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2018-12-29 Battery holder, power transfer device, electric vehicle and installation method for power transfer device
AU2018396985A AU2018396985B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2018-12-29 Battery holder, power transfer device, electric vehicle and installation method for electric vehicle
BR112020013376-0A BR112020013376B1 (pt) 2017-12-29 2018-12-29 Retentor de bateria e veículo elétrico
PH12020551016A PH12020551016A1 (en) 2017-12-29 2020-06-29 Battery holder, power transfer device, electric vehicle and installation method for electric vehicle
ZA2020/04455A ZA202004455B (en) 2017-12-29 2020-07-20 Battery holder, power transfer device, electric vehicle and installation method for electric vehicle
JP2021204065A JP7103589B2 (ja) 2017-12-29 2021-12-16 電池ホルダー、電池交換装置、電気自動車、電気自動車の取付方法
JP2021204066A JP7143991B2 (ja) 2017-12-29 2021-12-16 電池ホルダー、電池交換装置、電気自動車、電気自動車の取付方法
US18/156,408 US12119692B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2023-01-19 Battery holder, power transfer device, electric vehicle and installation method for power transfer device
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