WO2019134471A1 - 电动车辆的电池更换方法 - Google Patents

电动车辆的电池更换方法 Download PDF

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WO2019134471A1
WO2019134471A1 PCT/CN2018/118957 CN2018118957W WO2019134471A1 WO 2019134471 A1 WO2019134471 A1 WO 2019134471A1 CN 2018118957 W CN2018118957 W CN 2018118957W WO 2019134471 A1 WO2019134471 A1 WO 2019134471A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
vehicle
temperature
replaced
current
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郝战铎
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NIO Nextev Ltd
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NIO Nextev Ltd
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Priority to EP18898436.3A priority Critical patent/EP3736170A4/en
Publication of WO2019134471A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019134471A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular relates to a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle.
  • the coolant carried by the coolant will be slightly affected by the thermal expansion and contraction, that is, the temperature of the power battery rises, and the coolant carried by it expands and overflows; the temperature of the power battery decreases, and the coolant carried by it shrinks. Further, an external coolant is introduced.
  • the multiple accumulation and transfer of the micro-coolant changes from quantitative to qualitative, resulting in an alarm of too little coolant in the electric vehicle in winter (winter, the temperature of the power battery after the replacement of the electric vehicle is lowered)
  • the coolant inside it shrinks, and the next time the power is changed, the power battery carries more coolant, that is, when the power is changed, the power battery will bring the micro-coolant of the car itself to the power station;
  • Excessive alarm or even overflow of coolant in summer, the temperature of the power battery after the replacement of the electric vehicle increases, and the coolant inside it expands.
  • the coolant carried by the power battery becomes less, that is, change When electricity is used, the power battery will bring the coolant to the car itself.
  • the car has too much coolant, there is a risk of spillage).
  • the coolant may decompose harmful gases, which seriously affects the health and safety of the driver and passenger.
  • the present invention provides a battery replacement method for the electric vehicle.
  • the battery replacement method includes the following steps: acquiring current liquid level information of the coolant of the vehicle to be replaced; and matching, according to the current liquid level information, the battery that matches the corresponding temperature to the vehicle to be replaced.
  • the battery replacement method before the step of “matching the battery of the to-be-changed vehicle according to the current liquid level information”, the battery replacement method further includes: acquiring the to-be-replaced The current battery temperature of the electric vehicle.
  • the step of “matching the battery to be exchanged according to the current liquid level information” comprises: comparing the current liquid level of the cooling liquid of the vehicle to be replaced. a standard liquid level of the coolant of the vehicle to be replaced; based on the current battery temperature of the vehicle to be replaced, according to the comparison result, the battery to be exchanged matches the battery of the corresponding temperature; wherein the standard liquid level is The level of coolant in the vehicle under normal operating conditions.
  • the step of "based on the current battery temperature of the to-be-returned vehicle, according to the comparison result, the battery to be exchanged to match the battery of the corresponding temperature" includes: if the to-be-changed If the current liquid level of the electric vehicle coolant is higher than the standard liquid level, the battery to be exchanged matches the first preset temperature battery higher than the current battery temperature.
  • the step of "based on the current battery temperature of the to-be-returned vehicle, according to the comparison result, the battery to be exchanged to match the battery of the corresponding temperature" includes: if the to-be-changed If the current liquid level of the electric vehicle coolant is lower than the standard liquid level, the battery to be exchanged matches the battery having a second preset temperature lower than the current battery temperature.
  • the step of "based on the current battery temperature of the to-be-returned vehicle, according to the comparison result, the battery to be exchanged to match the battery of the corresponding temperature" includes: if the to-be-changed The current level of the electric vehicle coolant is equal to the standard level, and the battery to be exchanged matches the battery equal to the current battery temperature.
  • the first preset temperature and/or the second preset temperature is 12 degrees.
  • the step of "based on the current battery temperature of the vehicle to be replaced, according to the comparison result, the battery to be replaced with the corresponding temperature according to the comparison result" further includes: if the If the to-be-matched battery matches the required battery to be matched, one battery is selected from the to-be-matched battery for heating or cooling to meet the matching requirement of the to-be-returned vehicle.
  • the step of "selecting one battery from the battery to be matched for heating or cooling to meet the matching requirement of the vehicle to be replaced" specifically includes: acquiring the vehicle to be replaced The time at which the power-changing location is reached; before the vehicle to be replaced arrives at the power-changing location, the selected battery to be matched is heated or cooled to a temperature that satisfies the matching requirement of the vehicle to be replaced.
  • the battery replacement method is applied to a charging and replacing station.
  • the battery to be exchanged for the vehicle to be exchanged according to the current liquid level of the cooling liquid of the vehicle to be exchanged, the battery to be exchanged for the vehicle to be exchanged, and the temperature change of the matched battery in the vehicle to be exchanged is adjusted to be changed.
  • the amount of coolant in the electric vehicle so as to stabilize the amount of coolant inside the electric vehicle.
  • the invention can effectively prevent the problem that the amount of the coolant in the vehicle is too small or too much during the process of frequently replacing the battery, and eliminates the safety hazard caused by the excessive or too little coolant in the vehicle, and ensures the safety hazard.
  • Driving safety Moreover, the technical solution of the present invention does not increase the complexity of the power substation system, and only needs to match the battery of the appropriate temperature for the vehicle to be replaced, which is highly implementable and easy to popularize.
  • FIG. 1 is a main flow chart of a battery replacement method of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed flow chart of an embodiment of a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a main flow chart showing a battery exchange method of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
  • the battery replacement method of the present invention includes the following steps: S110: acquiring current liquid level information of a coolant of a vehicle to be replaced; S120, and matching, according to current liquid level information, a battery that matches a corresponding temperature to a vehicle to be replaced.
  • the power station sets the main control unit, and after receiving the power change request of the to-be-returned vehicle, the cloud server sends the current liquid level of the cooling fluid of the vehicle to be exchanged to the main control unit of the power exchange station.
  • the main control unit matches the battery of the corresponding temperature to the vehicle to be exchanged according to the current liquid level information.
  • the coolant carried by the battery is slightly affected by the thermal expansion and contraction, and for the electric vehicle that frequently replaces the battery, the trace amount is The multiple accumulation transfer of the coolant changes from quantitative to qualitative, resulting in too little or too much coolant in the electric vehicle.
  • the battery to be exchanged for the corresponding temperature is used, and the matched battery is used for the power to be exchanged.
  • the temperature change in the vehicle is used to adjust the amount of coolant in the vehicle to be replaced, thereby achieving the purpose of stabilizing the amount of coolant inside the electric vehicle.
  • Fig. 2 is a detailed flow chart showing an embodiment of a battery replacement method for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
  • step S210 is first performed to acquire the current liquid level h of the coolant of the vehicle to be replaced, and the standard liquid level H of the vehicle to be replaced.
  • the standard liquid level H is the liquid level of the cooling liquid of the vehicle under normal conditions, and can also be understood as: the purpose of matching the battery of the corresponding temperature for the vehicle to be replaced is to maintain the liquid level of the cooling liquid of the vehicle to be exchanged.
  • step S220 is performed to obtain a current battery temperature t of the vehicle to be replaced; and S230, comparing the current liquid level h of the vehicle to be replaced with the standard liquid level H.
  • step S240 the process goes to step S240 to match the battery to be exchanged with the battery of the first preset temperature higher than the current battery temperature t.
  • h>H indicates that the liquid level of the coolant of the vehicle to be replaced is high.
  • the battery temperature matched for the vehicle to be replaced is higher than the current battery temperature of the vehicle to be replaced, t is replaced.
  • the temperature in the vehicle will decrease.
  • the coolant carried by the battery will shrink. A small amount of coolant in the vehicle will be added to the coolant carried by the battery, thereby reducing the amount of coolant in the vehicle to prevent the amount of coolant in the vehicle. There is too much coolant in the vehicle.
  • the battery to be exchanged matches a battery that is 12 ° C higher than its current battery temperature t. If there is no battery in the power station that meets the matching requirements of the vehicle to be replaced (ie, the temperature of the battery to be matched is not t+12 °C), then a battery can be selected from the batteries to be matched for heating or cooling to achieve the temperature. t+12 °C. It should be noted that the 12° C. here is only an example. In theory, as long as the replaced battery temperature is higher than the current battery temperature t of the vehicle to be replaced, in actual operation, those skilled in the art can perform specific experiments according to specific experiments. The data is the battery to be replaced with a suitable temperature for the vehicle to be replaced.
  • the battery temperature matched for the vehicle to be replaced is The current battery temperature t of the vehicle to be replaced is equal, so the temperature of the replaced battery in the vehicle does not change, that is, it does not affect the amount of coolant in the vehicle. Thereby maintaining the amount of coolant in the vehicle (maintained at the standard level).
  • a battery may be selected from the batteries to be matched for heating or cooling. Let its temperature reach t.
  • step S260 match the battery to be exchanged to a battery having a second preset temperature lower than the current battery temperature t.
  • h ⁇ H indicates that the liquid level of the coolant of the vehicle to be replaced is low.
  • t is replaced.
  • the temperature of the battery in the vehicle will increase. When the temperature rises, the coolant carried by the battery will expand and overflow into the coolant in the vehicle, thereby providing replenishment of the coolant in the vehicle to prevent the amount of coolant in the vehicle. less.
  • the battery to be exchanged matches a battery that is 12 ° C lower than its current battery temperature t. If there is no battery in the power station that meets the matching requirements of the vehicle to be replaced (ie, the temperature of the battery to be matched is not t-12 °C), then one of the batteries to be matched may be selected for heating or cooling to reach the temperature. T-12 ° C. It should be noted that the 12° C. here is merely an example. In theory, as long as the replaced battery temperature is lower than the current battery temperature t of the vehicle to be replaced, in actual operation, those skilled in the art can perform specific experiments according to specific experiments. The data is the battery to be replaced with a suitable temperature for the vehicle to be replaced.
  • the above-mentioned "to be matched battery” can be understood as a full-charge battery in a power station.
  • a liquid-cooling device is usually provided in the power-changing device, and the full-charge battery in the power-changing device can be replaced by the liquid cooling device. Maintain at the set temperature. In other words, the temperature of the battery to be matched in the power station is a known temperature.
  • the battery replacement method of the present invention further includes the following steps: if the battery to be matched that meets the matching requirement of the vehicle to be replaced is not met, the time for the vehicle to be replaced to arrive at the power station is obtained; Before the electric vehicle arrives at the power station, the selected battery to be matched is heated or cooled to a temperature that satisfies the matching requirement of the vehicle to be replaced. For example, if the battery to be exchanged needs to match the battery temperature to A and the temperature of the battery to be matched is A+10 ° C, then the temperature of the battery to be matched needs to be cooled to A.
  • the main control unit can be When the electric vehicle arrives at the power station, the liquid cooling device controls the liquid cooling device to cool the temperature of the battery to be matched by 10 ° C during the time when the vehicle to be replaced reaches the power station, thereby reducing the waiting time for the user to change the power.
  • the temperature change of the replaced battery in the vehicle affects the amount of coolant carried by the vehicle, such as causing the coolant to expand and overflow.
  • the coolant in the vehicle absorbs the coolant in the vehicle or shrinks the coolant.
  • the battery to be matched with the appropriate temperature for the vehicle to be replaced can adjust the amount of coolant in the vehicle, thereby cooling the vehicle. Maintain at the standard level.
  • the technical solution of the present invention does not increase the complexity of the power substation system, and only needs to match the battery of the appropriate temperature for the vehicle to be replaced, which is highly implementable and easy to popularize.

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Abstract

一种电动车辆的电池更换方法，包括下列步骤：获取待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位信息；根据所述当前液位信息为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池。该方法能够达到稳定电动车辆内部冷却液量的目的，从而有效防止车辆在频繁更换电池的过程中，导致车辆内冷却液的量过少或过多的问题，消除了车辆内冷却液因过多或过少而带来的安全隐患，保证了行车安全。

Description

电动车辆的电池更换方法 技术领域
本发明属于电动汽车技术领域，具体涉及一种电动车辆的电池更换方法。
背景技术
在环保以及清洁能源概念的大趋势下，电动汽车因对环境影响相对传统汽车较小，已经成为行业发展的共识。作为电动汽车核心的动力电池，其续航能力一直是困扰电动汽车发展的瓶颈所在。为了减少用户等待充电的时间，对电动汽车的动力电池进行快速更换的运营方式，在分钟级的时间内完成电池的更换(与传统汽车加油时间基本相同)，从而无需改变用户使用汽车的习惯。
在当前的换电模式下，动力电池大多采用能量密度较高的三元聚合物锂电池(既能够增加电池的容量，又能够降低电池的重量)，这类电池内阻大，导致充放电过程中发热量明显，因此在对其进行充电过程中往往采用液冷方式控制电池温度。在实际应用中，这种液冷动力电池在车载状态下的温度与在换电站充满电时的温度存在较大的温差(通常在10℃以上)，动力电池在电动汽车与换电站之间转移的过程中，其携带的冷却液受到热胀冷缩的影响会有微量的变化，即，动力电池温度升高，其携带的冷却液膨胀溢出；动力电池温度降低，其携带的冷却液收缩，进而引入外部冷却液。
如上所述，对于频繁更换电池的电动汽车来说，微量冷却液的多次积累转移由量变到质变，导致电动汽车在冬季发生冷却液过少报警(冬季，电动汽车更换后的动力电池温度下降，其内的冷却液收缩，至下次换电时，动力电池携带的冷却液变多，也即，换电时，动力电池会将汽车本身的微量冷却液带到换电站)；在夏季发生冷却液过多报警甚至溢出的情形(夏季，电动汽车更换后的动力电池温度升高，其内的冷却液膨胀，至下次换电时，动力电池携带的冷却液变少，也即，换电时，动力电池会将换电站的为了冷却液带到汽车本身，当汽车本申请冷却液过多时，有溢出风险)。尤其是冷却液溢出后， 如遇到车内高温部件，冷却液可能分解出有害气体，严重影响驾乘人员身体健康以及形成安全。
基于此，特提出本发明。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有电动车辆在更换动力电池过程中，导致电动车辆的冷却液过多或过少的问题，本发明提供了一种电动车辆的电池更换方法，所述电池更换方法包括下列步骤：获取待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位信息；根据所述当前液位信息为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，在“根据所述当前液位信息为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤之前，所述电池更换方法还包括：获取所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，“根据所述当前液位信息为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤具体包括：比较所述待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位与所述待换电车辆冷却液的标准液位；基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池；其中，所述标准液位为车辆在正常工况下的冷却液的液位。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，“基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤具体包括：如果所述待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位高于标准液位，则为所述待换电车辆匹配比所述当前电池温度高第一预设温度电池。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，“基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤具体包括：如果所述待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位低于标准液位，则为所述待换电车辆匹配比所述当前电池温度低第二预设温度的电池。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，“基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤具体包括：如果所述待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位 等于标准液位，则为所述待换电车辆匹配等于所述当前电池温度的电池。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，所述第一预设温度和/或所述第二预设温度为12度。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，“基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤还包括：如果没有满足所述待换电车辆匹配要求的待匹配电池，则从所述待匹配电池中选择一个电池进行加热或冷却以满足所述待换电车辆的匹配要求。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，“从所述待匹配电池中选择一个电池进行加热或冷却以满足所述待换电车辆的匹配要求”的步骤具体包括：获取所述待换电车辆到达换电地点的时间；在所述待换电车辆到达换电地点之前，将选择的待匹配电池加热或冷却到满足所述待换电车辆匹配要求的温度。
在上述电池更换方法的优选实施方式中，所述电池更换方法应用于充换电站。
在本发明的技术方案中，根据待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位，为待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池，利用匹配后的电池在待换电车辆内的温度变化，来调节待换电车辆内冷却液的量，从而达到稳定电动车辆内部冷却液量的目的。本发明能够有效防止车辆在频繁更换电池的过程中，导致车辆内冷却液的量过少或过多的问题，消除了车辆内冷却液因过多或过少而带来的安全隐患，保证了行车安全。并且，本发明的技术方案不增加换电站系统的复杂性，只需要为待换电车辆匹配合适温度的电池即可，可实施性强，易于推广。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电动车辆的电池更换方法的主要流程图；
图2是本发明的电动车辆的电池更换方法一种实施例的详细流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的实施例目的、技术方案和优点更加明显，下 面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所述描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，尽管本申请中按照特定顺序描述了本发明的方法的各个步骤，但是这些顺序并不是限制性的，在不偏离本发明的基本原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以按照不同的顺序来执行所述步骤。
首先参照图1，图1是本发明的电动车辆的电池更换方法的主要流程图。如图1所示，本发明的电池更换方法包括下列步骤：S110、获取待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位信息；S120、根据当前液位信息为待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池。在一种可能的实施方式中，换电站设置主控单元，云端服务器在接收到待换电车辆的换电请求后，将待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位发送给换电站的主控单元，由主控单元根据当前液位信息为待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池。
如背景技术中所述，电池在电动车辆与换电站之间转移的过程中，电池携带的冷却液受到热胀冷缩的影响会有微量的变化，对于频繁更换电池的电动车辆来说，微量冷却液的多次积累转移由量变到质变，导致电动车辆内的冷却液的量过少或过多。为了维持电动车辆内冷却液的正常量，通过上述步骤S110和S120，根据待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位，为待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池，利用匹配后的电池在待换电车辆内的温度变化，来调节待换电车辆内冷却液的量，从而达到稳定电动车辆内部冷却液量的目的。
下面以本发明的电池更换方法在换电站中的应用为例进行详细说明。
参照图2，图2是本发明的电动车辆的电池更换方法一种实施例的详细流程图。如图2所示，首先执行步骤S210、获取待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位h，以及待换电车辆的标准液位H。其中，标准液位H为车辆在正常情况下的冷却液的液位，还可以理解为：为待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池的目的是为了将待换电车辆的冷却液的液位维持在标准液位。然后执行步骤S220、获取待换电车辆的当前电池温度t；以及S230、比较待换电车辆的当前液位h与标准液位H。
如果h＞H，进入步骤S240，为待换电车辆匹配比当前电池温度t高第一预设温度的电池。具体地，h＞H说明待换电车辆的冷却液的液位较高，这种情况下，由于为待换电车辆匹配的电池温度高于待换电车辆的当前电池温度为t，因此更换后的电池在车辆内的温度 会下降，温度降低则电池携带的冷却液会收缩，车辆内的少量冷却液则会补充到电池携带的冷却液中，从而降低车辆内冷却液的量，以防止车辆内冷却液量过多。
在一种优选的实施方式中，为待换电车辆匹配比其当前电池温度t高12℃的电池。如果换电站中没有满足待换电车辆匹配要求的电池(即待匹配电池的温度不为t+12℃)，此时可以从待匹配电池中选择一个电池进行加热或冷却，以使其温度达到t+12℃。需要说明的是，此处的12℃仅作为示例说明，理论上只要更换的电池温度高于待换电车辆的当前电池温度t均可，而实际操作中，本领域技术人员可以根据具体的实验数据为待换电车辆更换合适温度的电池。
如果h＝H，则进入步骤S250，为待换电车辆匹配温度等于t的电池。具体地，h＝H说明待换电车辆的冷却液的液位为标准液位，即车辆内冷却液的量无需增加或减少，这种情况下，由于为待换电车辆匹配的电池温度与待换电车辆的当前电池温度t相等，因此更换后的电池在车辆内的温度也不会变化，即不会影响车内冷却液的量。从而维持车辆内冷却液的量不变(维持在标准液位)。如果换电站中没有满足待换电车辆匹配要求的待匹配电池(即换电站中的待匹配电池的温度与t不相等)，此时可以从待匹配电池中选择一个电池进行加热或冷却，以使其温度达到t。
如果h＜H，则进入步骤S260，为待换电车辆匹配比当前电池温度t低第二预设温度的电池。具体地，h＜H说明待换电车辆的冷却液的液位较低，这种情况下，由于为待换电车辆匹配的电池温度低于待换电车辆的当前电池温度为t，因此更换后的电池在车辆内的温度会升高，温度升高则电池携带的冷却液会膨胀而溢出到车辆内的冷却液，从而为车辆内的冷却液提供补给，以防止车辆内冷却液量过少。
在一种优选的实施方式中，为待换电车辆匹配比其当前电池温度t低12℃的电池。如果换电站中没有满足待换电车辆匹配要求的电池(即待匹配电池的温度不为t-12℃)，此时可以从待匹配电池中选择一个电池进行加热或冷却，以使其温度达到t-12℃。需要说明的是，此处的12℃仅作为示例说明，理论上只要更换的电池温度低于待换电车辆的当前电池温度t均可，而实际操作中，本领域技术人员可以根据具体的实验数据为待换电车辆更换合适温度的电池。
上文中的“待匹配电池”可以理解为换电站中满电量电池、在一种可能的实施方式中，换电站中通常设置有液冷装置，通过液冷 装置可以将换电站中的满电量电池维持在设定的温度。换言之，换电站中的待匹配电池的温度为已知的温度。
在一种优选的实施方式中，本发明的电池更换方法还包括以下步骤：如果没有满足待换电车辆匹配要求的待匹配电池，则获取待换电车辆到达换电站的时间；然后在待换电车辆到达换电站之前，将选择的待匹配电池加热或冷却到满足待换电车辆匹配要求的温度。举例而言，假如待换电车辆需要匹配的电池温度为A，而待匹配电池的温度为A+10℃，则需要将待匹配电池的温度冷却到A，此时，主控单元可以根据待换电车辆到达换电站的时间，控制液冷装置以不同的冷却策略在待换电车辆到达换电站的时间内，将待匹配电池的温度冷却10℃，从而可以减少用户换电的等待时间。
综上所述，由于冷却液的热胀冷缩，为待换电车辆更换电池后，更换后的电池在车辆内的温度变化会影响其携带的冷却液的量，如使冷却液膨胀溢出到车辆内的冷却液中，或使冷却液收缩而吸收车辆内的冷却液。基于待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位和待换电车辆的当前电池温度，为待换电车辆匹配合适温度的电池，可以起到调节车辆内冷却液的量，从而将车辆内的冷却液维持在标准液位。从而有效地防止了车辆在频繁更换电池的过程中，导致车辆内冷却液的量过少或过多的问题，消除了车辆内冷却液因过多或过少而带来的安全隐患，保证了行车安全。并且，本发明的技术方案不增加换电站系统的复杂性，只需要为待换电车辆匹配合适温度的电池即可，可实施性强，易于推广。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电动车辆的电池更换方法，其特征在于，所述电池更换方法包括下列步骤：
    获取待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位信息；
    根据所述当前液位信息为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，在“根据所述当前液位信息为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤之前，所述电池更换方法还包括：
    获取所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，“根据所述当前液位信息为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤具体包括：
    比较所述待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位与所述待换电车辆冷却液的标准液位；
    基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池；
    其中，所述标准液位为车辆在正常工况下的冷却液的液位。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，“基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤具体包括：
    如果所述待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位高于标准液位，则为所述待换电车辆匹配比所述当前电池温度高第一预设温度的电池。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，“基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤具体包括：
    如果所述待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位低于标准液位，则为所述待换电车辆匹配比所述当前电池温度低第二预设温度的电池。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，“基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤具体包括：
    如果所述待换电车辆冷却液的当前液位等于标准液位，则为所述待换电车辆匹配等于所述当前电池温度的电池。
  7. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，所述第一预设温度和/或所述第二预设温度为12度。
  8. 根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，“基于所述待换电车辆的当前电池温度，根据比较结果为所述待换电车辆匹配相应温度的电池”的步骤还包括：
    如果没有满足所述待换电车辆匹配要求的待匹配电池，则从所述待匹配电池中选择一个电池进行加热或冷却以满足所述待换电车辆的匹配要求。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，“从所述待匹配电池中选择一个电池进行加热或冷却以满足所述待换电车辆的匹配要求”的步骤具体包括：
    获取所述待换电车辆到达换电地点的时间；
    在所述待换电车辆到达换电地点之前，将选择的待匹配电池加热或冷却到满足所述待换电车辆匹配要求的温度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池更换方法，其特征在于，所述电池更换方法应用于充换电站。
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