WO2019136825A1 - 一种高透光率的光伏封装材料 - Google Patents

一种高透光率的光伏封装材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019136825A1
WO2019136825A1 PCT/CN2018/079509 CN2018079509W WO2019136825A1 WO 2019136825 A1 WO2019136825 A1 WO 2019136825A1 CN 2018079509 W CN2018079509 W CN 2018079509W WO 2019136825 A1 WO2019136825 A1 WO 2019136825A1
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Prior art keywords
mass
parts
light transmittance
packaging material
high light
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PCT/CN2018/079509
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏梦娟
桑燕
周光大
熊曦
侯宏兵
林建华
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Hangzhou First Applied Material Co Ltd
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Hangzhou First Applied Material Co Ltd
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Priority to EP18900477.3A priority Critical patent/EP3739002B1/en
Priority to US16/630,465 priority patent/US11525043B2/en
Priority to JP2019571582A priority patent/JP6934960B2/ja
Publication of WO2019136825A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019136825A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
    • H10F19/804—Materials of encapsulations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2351/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2351/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2351/06—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
    • C08K5/3432—Six-membered rings
    • C08K5/3435—Piperidines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/39—Thiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. dithiocarbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
    • C08K5/5425—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one C=C bond
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of packaging materials for photovoltaic modules, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic packaging material with high light transmittance.
  • the photovoltaic component is a five-layer sandwich structure composed of an upper glass, an upper encapsulating material, a cell sheet, a lower encapsulating material, and a back sheet or glass.
  • the sunlight passes through the upper glass and the upper transparent encapsulating material to convert the light energy into electrical energy on the cell.
  • the absorption and loss of the sunlight in the component are closely related to the refractive index of the materials of each layer of the component, and some interactive optical reactions occur after the battery is packaged. Any two materials with different refractive index interfaces will cause light reflection, and optical loss will reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules.
  • the refractive index of the encapsulating material affects the glass-encapsulated layer interface and the reflection loss of the silicon-anti-reflective film (ARC)-encapsulation layer interface. If the refractive index of the encapsulating material is equal to the geometric mean of the refractive indices of the upper glass and the silicon, the reflectivity is zero and the utilization of the solar light by the silicon is maximized. For photovoltaic packaging materials, the most important thing is to achieve an optimized matching of the refractive index of the glass/front packaging material/cell, avoiding absorption of light in the useful spectral range (where the C-Si battery has a spectral range of 350-1200 nm).
  • the black silicon technology of the battery sheet solves the problem of high reflectivity of the diamond-cut silicon wafer.
  • the black silicon material can capture almost all sunlight, and the wet black silicon technology increases the absorption of blue light, greatly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, in order to avoid
  • the packaging material further restricts the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module, so it is urgent to improve the light transmittance of the photovoltaic packaging material, and achieve a perfect match of the strength of the glass/encapsulation material/cell.
  • Patent CN101353558A does not use ultraviolet light absorber, does not produce ultraviolet light cut-off, can better utilize the ultraviolet band of 300-400nm, increase the light transmittance by increasing the absorption of light, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery, but the material does not contain ultraviolet light. Absorbents, while the long-term UV resistance and mechanical properties of EVA films may be affected.
  • Patent CN102656705A uses a fluorescent material doped with a fluorescent material for wavelength conversion to improve its light transmittance and battery efficiency, but its absorption band is narrow, the amount of "red shift" is relatively small, there is significant self-absorption loss, and the down conversion material is Whether the conversion efficiency can be maintained stably for a long time needs to be verified.
  • Patent CN107502232A adds a composite plasticizer of spiropyran and phthalate to EVA resin to improve its light transmittance, but this plasticizer is easy to migrate under high temperature and high humidity environment, affecting the long-term reliability of components. Sexually, the graphene oxide nanometer added in the system is expensive and has a hydrophilic structure, and the water vapor barrier property of the prepared EVA film is questioned.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a photovoltaic packaging material with high light transmittance.
  • the light absorption rate of the packaging material should be as low as possible, and the light transmittance should be as high as possible.
  • the occurrence of cross-linking reaction can destroy the regularity of the photovoltaic encapsulating material segment, inhibit the crystallization of the segment, and reduce the size of the nucleus.
  • the grain size is smaller than the visible light wavelength, and the light transmittance of the photovoltaic package material is improved.
  • a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material prepared by the following method: 100 parts by mass of a photovoltaic encapsulating material matrix resin or a graft modified matrix resin, 0.001 ⁇ 5 parts by mass of an oxygen-containing or sulfur-containing compound, 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of a reactive plasticizer, 0.01 to 1.5 parts by mass of an initiator, 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of a co-crosslinking agent, and 0.1 to 3.0 parts by mass
  • the silane coupling agent, 0.1 to 0.4 parts by mass of the ultraviolet light absorber, and 0.1 to 1.0 part by mass of the light stabilizer are prepared by premixing, melt extrusion, casting film formation, cooling, slitting, and winding. Photovoltaic photovoltaic packaging materials.
  • the photovoltaic encapsulating material base resin is a transparent polymer material composed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, and an ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer
  • ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer
  • the graft modified matrix resin is obtained by graft modification of a matrix resin and a graft monomer by a free radical grafting melt reaction;
  • the graft monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl siloxane and unsaturated monobasic Acid, unsaturated dibasic acid, maleic anhydride, dibutyl maleate.
  • the graft ratio is 0.1 to 20% by weight; preferably, the graft ratio is 1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably the graft ratio is 1 to 5% by weight.
  • the oxygen-containing or sulfur-containing compound has a refractive index of 1.48 to 1.70; the oxygen-containing compound is selected from a compound containing an epoxy group, an ether group or an ester group; and the sulfur-containing compound is selected from a group containing a sulfide group. Or a thioester-based compound.
  • the sulfur-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of a thiocarbamate, a thioaminoacetate, a thioaminopropionate, a thioaminobutyrate, a bis-dimethacrylate bis-diethanol diester, 4 4'-2 Dimercaptodiphenyl sulfide dimethacrylate, ethanedithiol dimethacrylate, thiobisethanol dimethacrylate, thiophenol methacrylate, methacrylic acid Thiophenolate.
  • the reactive plasticizer molecule contains a molecular group which can undergo a melting reaction under the action of a radical.
  • the initiator is composed of tert-butyl peroxycarbonate isopropyl ester, 2,5-dimethyl 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, 1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3.
  • the co-crosslinking agent is a polyfunctional acrylate or methacrylate compound.
  • the reactive plasticizer is composed of allyl acetate, allyl propionate, allyl butyrate, disubstituted allyl carbamate, disubstituted allyl glycine
  • ester disubstituted allylaminopropionate, disubstituted allylaminobutyrate, allyl diglycol carbonate resin, diallyl phthalate, in any ratio Mixed composition.
  • the co-crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, propoxypentaerythritol tetraacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate Ester, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, propoxyglycerol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate , triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol (200) diacrylate, polyethylene glycol (400) diacrylic acid Ester, polyethylene glycol (600) diacrylate, polyethylene glycol (200) dimethacryl
  • the ultraviolet light absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone.
  • the light stabilizer is bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl sebacate.
  • the high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material has a crosslinking degree of 55 to 96%; a thickness of 0.10 to 1.00 mm, preferably 0.20 to 0.80 mm, more preferably 0.30 to 0.60 mm, and most preferably 0.40 to ⁇ . 0.50mm.
  • the beneficial effect of the invention is that the high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material of the invention has high light transmittance, can improve the utilization ratio of the component to sunlight, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the component.
  • a reactive plasticizer to the photovoltaic packaging material system to increase the degree of crosslinking, the occurrence of crosslinking reaction can destroy the regularity of the photovoltaic packaging material segment, inhibit the crystallization of the segment, reduce the size of the crystal nucleus, and make the crystallite smaller than
  • the visible light wavelength increases the light transmittance of the photovoltaic material, and the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the packaging material also increase.
  • the refractive index of the front encapsulating material is increased, the interfacial reflection with the glass and the cell sheet is reduced, the photon efficiency is improved, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic encapsulating material is improved, and the glass is realized. / The better matching of the refractive index between the front packaging material / the battery sheet, increasing the utilization of the components for sunlight, optimizing and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the components.
  • the invention provides a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a mass content of VA (vinyl acetate) of 28%, 1 part by mass of thiourethane, and 5 parts by mass of allyl group by mass fraction Acetate, 1 part by mass of isopropyl t-butyl peroxycarbonate, 5 parts by mass of pentaerythritol triacrylate, 1 part by mass of KH570, 0.1 part of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 0.1 part of bis- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl sebacate.
  • the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the above mixture is preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic packaging material, which is designated as E-1.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • 100 parts by mass of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, 1 part by mass of the thioaminoacetate, 5 parts by mass of the allyl acetate, and 1 part by mass of the t-butyl group are used in terms of mass fraction.
  • the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the above mixture is preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic packaging material, which is designated as E-3.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a VA (vinyl acetate) mass content of 28% 100 parts by mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a VA (vinyl acetate) mass content of 28%, 1 part by mass of thiodiethanol dimethacrylate, and 5 parts by mass, based on mass fraction Disubstituted allyl carbamate, 1 part by mass of isopropyl t-butyl peroxycarbonate, 5 parts by mass of pentaerythritol triacrylate, 1 part by mass of KH570, 0.1 part of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyl Oxybenzophenone, 0.1 part of bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl sebacate.
  • the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the above mixture is preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic packaging material, which
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • ethylene-methyl methacrylate 100 parts by mass of ethylene-methyl methacrylate, 1 part by mass of thiobisethanol dimethacrylate, and 5 parts by mass of disubstituted allyl carbamate, by mass fraction, 1 part by mass of 2,5-dimethyl 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 5 parts by mass of pentaerythritol triacrylate, 1 part by mass of KH570, 0.1 part of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyl Oxybenzophenone, 0.1 part of bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl sebacate.
  • the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the above mixture is preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic packaging material, which is designated as E-9.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the above mixture is preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic packaging material, which is designated as E-10.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a VA (vinyl acetate) mass content of 30% 100 parts by mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a VA (vinyl acetate) mass content of 30%, 1 part by mass of thiobisethanol dimethacrylate, and 5 parts by mass, based on mass fraction Diallyl phthalate, 1 part by mass of tert-butyl peroxy 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoate, 5 parts by mass of quaternary ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, 1 part by mass of KH570, 0.1 part 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 0.1 part of bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl sebacate.
  • the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the above mixture is preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic packaging material, which
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the above mixture is preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic packaging material, which is designated as E-12.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • This embodiment provides an encapsulating material having a high light transmittance photovoltaic packaging material.
  • 100 parts of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer is added in terms of mass fraction, and 1 part by mass of isopropyl t-butyl peroxycarbonate, 5 parts by mass of pentaerythritol triacrylate, and 1 part by mass of KH570, 0.1 are added.
  • the mixture was uniformly mixed, and the above mixture was preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic package, which was designated as C-2.
  • ethylene-methyl methacrylate 100 parts of ethylene-methyl methacrylate, 1 part by mass of isopropyl t-butyl peroxycarbonate, 5 parts by mass of pentaerythritol triacrylate, and 1 part by mass of KH570 are added in terms of mass fraction.
  • the mixture was uniformly mixed, and the above mixture was preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic package, which was designated as C-3.
  • ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (vinyl acetate (VA) mass content of 28%, DuPont, USA) and 10% of polyolefin were used in terms of mass fraction.
  • Octyloxybenzophenone 0.1 part of bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl sebacate. The mixture was uniformly mixed, and the above mixture was preliminarily mixed, melt extruded, cast into a film, cooled, slit, and wound to obtain the photovoltaic package, which was designated as C-4.
  • the light transmittance test was performed. After lamination, the thickness of each of the examples and the comparative examples was 0.45 mm, and the light transmittance test was based on GB/T. The measurement was carried out at 2410-2008, and the transmittance of the film at 400 to 700 nm was measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.
  • Table 1 Test results of the packaging materials of Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4
  • the photovoltaic package material obtained by the solution of the present invention has higher light transmittance and the light transmittance is as high as 92% or more.
  • the crosslinking degree can be improved by the crosslinking reaction, the regularity of the photovoltaic packaging material segment can be broken, the crystallization of the segment can be suppressed, and the size of the crystal nucleus can be reduced.
  • the grain size is made smaller than the visible light wavelength, and the light transmittance of the photovoltaic material is improved.
  • the refractive index of the front encapsulating material is increased, the interfacial reflection with the glass and the cell sheet is reduced, the photon efficiency is improved, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic encapsulating material is improved, and the glass is realized. / The better matching of the refractive index between the front packaging material / the battery sheet, increasing the utilization of the components for sunlight, optimizing and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the components.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种高透光率的光伏封装材料，本发明将100质量份的光伏封装材料基体树脂或接枝改性的基体树脂、0.001～5质量份的含氧或含硫化合物、0.01～10质量份的反应型增塑剂、0.01～1.5质量份的引发剂、0.01～10质量份的助交联剂、0.1～3.0质量份的硅烷偶联剂、0.1～0.4质量份的紫外光吸收剂、0.1～1.0质量份的光稳定剂经过预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序制备高透光率的光伏封装材料。本发明提高了光伏封装材料的透光率，进而实现玻璃/前层封装材料/电池片三者之间折光率的更好的匹配，增加组件对太阳光的利用率，优化并提高了组件光电转换效率。

Description

一种高透光率的光伏封装材料 技术领域
本发明属于光伏组件用封装材料领域，尤其涉及一种高透光率的光伏封装材料。
背景技术
国家能源局“十三五”规划提出：至2020年底，太阳能发电装机达到110GW以上，其中，光伏发电装机达到105GW以上。这说明发展规模已不再是我国光伏行业发展的首要目标，降本增效将是更关键的要素目标，而其中一个行之有效的降本增效方法就是提高光伏组件前层封装材料的透光率。
光伏组件是由上层玻璃、上层封装材料、电池片、下层封装材料和背板或玻璃组成的五层夹心结构。太阳光通过上层玻璃、上层透明封装材料，在电池片上将光能转换为电能，太阳光在组件中的吸收和损耗与组件各层材料的折光指数息息相关，电池封装后会发生某些交互光学反应，任何两种折光指数不同的材料界面都会引起光反射，光学损失会降低光伏组件的光电转换效率。封装材料的折光指数影响着玻璃-封装层界面以及硅-减反射膜(ARC)-封装层界面的反射损失。如果封装材料的折光指数等于上层玻璃与硅片的折射率的几何平均值时，反射率为零，硅片对太阳光的利用率达到最大。对于光伏封装材料，最关键的是实现玻璃/前层封装材料/电池片的折光率的优化匹配，避免吸收有用光谱区间的光线(其中C-Si电池的光谱区间为350-1200nm)。目前电池片黑硅技术解决了金刚线切多晶硅片的反射率过高问题，黑硅材料能够捕捉几乎全部日光，湿法黑硅技术增加了蓝光的吸收，大幅度提高了光电转换效率，为避免封装材料对进一步提高光伏组件光电转换效率的制约，因此亟待提高光伏封装材料的透光率，实现玻璃/封装材料/电池片的强强联合完美匹配。
目前也有一些专利提出了提高封装材料透光性能，降低光伏封装损失的方法。专利CN101353558A不使用紫外光吸收剂，不产生紫外光截止，能更好利用300～400nm的紫外波段，通过增加光的吸收提高透光率，进而提高电池光电转换效率，但材料由于不含紫外光吸收剂，而EVA胶膜的长期抗紫外性能和机械性能或许受到影响。专利CN102656705A通过波长转换用荧光材料掺杂封装材料，提高其透光率和电池效率，但其吸收带较窄，“红移”量相对较小，存在明显的自吸收损失，并且下转换材料的转换效率能否长期稳定保持，尚需验证。专利CN107502232A在EVA树脂中添加由螺吡喃与邻苯二甲酸酯类的复合增塑剂来提高其透光率，但这种增塑剂易在高温高湿环境下迁移，影响组件的长期可靠性，其在体系中加入的氧化石墨烯纳米价格昂贵，并且为亲水结构，所制备EVA胶膜的水汽阻隔性存在质疑。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种高透光率的光伏封装材料。为了优化并提高组件光电转换效率，封装材料的光吸收率应该尽量低，光透过率应该尽量高。一方面，通过在光伏封装材料体系中加入反应型增塑剂，提高其交联度，交联反应的发生可破坏光伏封装材料链段的规整性，抑制链段结晶，减小晶核尺寸，使晶粒粒径小于可见光波长，提高光伏封装材料的透光率。另一方面，通过调控封装材料的折光指数，在封装材料体系中引入含氧或含硫化合物，提高前层封装材料的折光指数，提高透光率，减少封装材料与玻璃和电池片之间的界面反射，更好的实现玻璃/前层封装材料/电池片的折光指数的优化匹配，提高入射到电池片的光线强度，提高电池电流和输出功率。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：一种高透光率的光伏封装材料，它通过以下方法制备得到：将100质量份的光伏封装材料基体树脂或接枝改性的基体树脂、0.001～5质量份的含氧或含硫化合物、0.01～10质量份的反应型增塑剂、0.01～1.5质量份的引发剂、0.01～10质量份的助交联剂、0.1～3.0质量份的硅烷偶联剂、0.1～0.4质量份的紫外光吸收剂、0.1～1.0质量份的光稳定剂经过预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序制备高透光率的光伏封装材料。
进一步地，所述光伏封装材料基体树脂为透明的聚合物材料，所述聚合物材料由乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-α烯烃共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸离子交联聚合物中的一种或多种按照任意配比混合而成。
进一步地，所述接枝改性的基体树脂由基体树脂与接枝单体通过自由基接枝的熔融反应进行接枝改性得到；接枝单体选自乙烯基硅氧烷、不饱和一元酸、不饱和二元酸、马来酸酐、马来酸二丁酯。
进一步地，所述接枝改性的基体树脂中，接枝率为0.1～20wt％；优选接枝率为1～10wt％，更优选接枝率为1～5wt％。
进一步地，所述含氧或含硫化合物的折光指数为1.48～1.70；所述含氧化合物选自含有环氧基、醚基或酯基的化合物；所述含硫化合物选自含有硫醚基或硫酯基的化合物。
进一步地，所述含硫化合物选自硫代氨基甲酸酯、硫代氨基乙酸酯、硫代氨基丙酸酯、硫代氨基丁酸酯、双甲基丙烯酸硫代双乙醇双酯、4,4’-2二巯基二苯硫醚双甲基丙烯酸酯、一缩乙二硫醇双甲基丙烯酸酯、硫代双乙醇双甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯、甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯。
进一步地，所述反应型增塑剂分子中含有在自由基作用下可发生熔融反应的分子基团。所述引发剂由叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、2,5-二甲基2,5-双(叔丁过氧基)己烷、1-双(过氧 化叔丁基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、2,5-二甲基2,5-双(叔丁过氧化)己烷、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-双(叔戊基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-双(叔戊基过氧)环己烷、2,2-双(叔丁基基过氧)丁烷、过氧化碳酸叔戊酯、过氧化3,3,5-三甲基己酸叔丁酯的一种或多种按任意配比混合组成。所述助交联剂为多官能团的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯类化合物。
进一步地，所述反应型增塑剂由烯丙基乙酸酯、烯丙基丙酸酯、烯丙基丁酸酯、双取代烯丙基氨基甲酸酯、双取代烯丙基氨基乙酸酯、双取代烯丙基氨基丙酸酯、双取代烯丙基氨基丁酸酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯树脂、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯的一种或多种按任意配比混合组成。所述助交联剂选自季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、乙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、丙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(200)二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(400)二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(600)二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(200)二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(400)二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(600)二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧化双酚A二丙烯酸酯、乙氧化双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯、1，3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1，4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯。
进一步地，所述紫外光吸收剂为2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮。所述光稳定剂为癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。
进一步地，所述高透光率的光伏封装材料的交联度为55～96％；厚度为0.10～1.00mm，优选为0.20～0.80mm，更优选为0.30～0.60mm，最优选为0.40～0.50mm。
根据上述技术方案的实施，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的高透光率的光伏封装材料具有较高的透光率，可以提高组件对太阳光的利用率，提高组件的光电转换效率。通过在光伏封装材料体系中加入反应型增塑剂提高其交联度，交联反应的发生可破坏光伏封装材料链段的规整性，抑制链段结晶，减小晶核尺寸，使晶粒小于可见光波长，提高光伏材料的透光率，同时封装材料的热稳定性和力学性能也有所增加。通过在封装材料体系中引入含氧或含硫化合物，提高前层封装材料的折光指数，以减少与玻璃和电池片的界面反射，提高光量子效率，提高光伏封装材料的透光率，进而实现玻璃/前层封装材料/电池片三者之间折光率的更好的匹配，增加组件对太阳光的利用率，优化并提高组件光电转换效率。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种高透光率的光伏封装材料。
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的VA(醋酸乙烯)质量含量为28％的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、1质量份的硫代氨基甲酸酯、5质量份的烯丙基乙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-1。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的VA(醋酸乙烯)质量含量为28％的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝乙烯基硅氧烷(接枝率5wt％)、1质量份的硫代氨基甲酸酯、5质量份的烯丙基乙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-2。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-α烯烃共聚物、1质量份的硫代氨基乙酸酯、5质量份的烯丙基乙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-3。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-α烯烃共聚物接枝马来酸二丁酯(接枝率5wt％)、1质量份的硫代氨基乙酸酯、5质量份的烯丙基乙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤 出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-4。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、1质量份的硫代氨基丁酸酯、5质量份的烯丙基乙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-5。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(接枝率5wt％)、1质量份的硫代氨基丁酸酯、5质量份的烯丙基乙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-6。
实施例7
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的VA(醋酸乙烯)质量含量为28％的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、1质量份的双甲基丙烯酸硫代双乙醇双酯、5质量份的双取代烯丙基氨基甲酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-7。
实施例8
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-α烯烃共聚物、1质量份的双甲基丙烯酸硫代双乙醇双酯、5质量份的双取代烯丙基氨基甲酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-8。
实施例9
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、1质量份的双甲基丙烯酸硫代双乙醇双酯、5质量份的双取代烯丙基氨基甲酸酯、1质量份的2,5-二甲基2,5-双(叔丁过氧化)己烷、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-9。
实施例10
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的VA(醋酸乙烯)质量含量为26％的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、1质量份的硫代双乙醇双甲基丙烯酸酯、5质量份的烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯树脂、1质量份的2,5-二甲基2,5-双(叔丁过氧化)己烷、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-10。
实施例11
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的VA(醋酸乙烯)质量含量为30％的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、1质量份的硫代双乙醇双甲基丙烯酸酯、5质量份的邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、1质量份的过氧化3,3,5-三甲基己酸叔丁酯、5质量份的季乙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-11。
实施例12
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-α烯烃共聚物、1质量份的甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯、5质量份的双取代烯丙基氨基丙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、5质量份的丙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-12。
实施例13
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、1质量份的甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯、5质量份的双取代烯丙基氨基丙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、5质量份的丙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-13。
实施例14
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-甲基丙烯酸离子交联聚合物、1质量份的甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯、5质量份的双取代烯丙基氨基丙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、5质量份的丙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-14。
实施例15
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-甲基丙烯酸离子交联聚合物接枝马来酸二丁酯、1质量份的甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯、5质量份的双取代烯丙基氨基丙酸酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、5质量份的丙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-15。
实施例16
本实施例提供一种封装材料，具有高透光率的光伏封装材料。
本例中，以质量分数计，100质量份的乙烯-甲基丙烯酸离子交联聚合物、1质量份的硫代双乙醇双甲基丙烯酸酯、5质量份的邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、5质量份的丙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装材料，记为E-16。
比较例1
本例中，以质量分数计，取100份VA(醋酸乙烯)质量含量为28％的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，加入1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。 混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装，记为C-1。
比较例2
本例中，以质量分数计，取100份乙烯-α烯烃共聚物，加入1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装，记为C-2。
比较例3
本例中，以质量分数计，取100份乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯，加入1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装，记为C-3。
比较例4
本例中，以质量分数计，取90％的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(醋酸乙烯(VA)质量含量为28％，美国杜邦公司)，10％的聚烯烃。以100份质量的上述基体树脂为基准，加入1质量份的叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、5质量份的季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、1质量份的KH570、0.1份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.1份癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。混合均匀，上述混合物经预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序，制得所述光伏封装，记为C-4。
性能测试
对实施例1～16和比较例1～4的封装材料进行层压后进行透光率测试，层压后各实施例及比较例胶膜的厚度为0.45mm，透光率测试依据GB/T 2410-2008进行测定，用紫外-可见分光光度计测定胶膜400～700nm的透光率。
表1：实施例1～16和比较例1～4的封装材料的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018079509-appb-000001
由上述实施例和比较例的透光率性能测试数据对比可知：本发明方案所得光伏封装材料具有更高的透光率，透光率高达92％以上。由上述实施例可知，通过在光伏封装材料体系中加入反应型增塑剂可以通过交联反应提高交联度，破坏光伏封装材料链段的规整性，抑制链段结晶，减小晶核尺寸，使晶粒小于可见光波长，提高光伏材料的透光率。通过在封装材料体系中引入含氧或含硫化合物，提高前层封装材料的折光指数，以减少与玻璃和电池片的界面反射，提高光量子效率，提高光伏封装材料的透光率，进而实现玻璃/前层封装材料/电池片三者之间折光率的更好的匹配，增加组件对太阳光的利用率，优化并提高组件光电转换效率。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述，其目的在于让熟悉此领域技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，且本发明不限于上述的实施例，凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，它通过以下方法制备得到：将100质量份的光伏封装材料基体树脂或接枝改性的基体树脂、0.001～5质量份的含氧或含硫化合物、0.01～10质量份的反应型增塑剂、0.01～1.5质量份的引发剂、0.01～10质量份的助交联剂、0.1～3.0质量份的硅烷偶联剂、0.1～0.4质量份的紫外光吸收剂、0.1～1.0质量份的光稳定剂经过预混合、熔融挤出、流延成膜、冷却、分切和收卷等工序制备高透光率的光伏封装材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，所述光伏封装材料基体树脂为透明的聚合物材料，所述聚合物材料由乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-α烯烃共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸离子交联聚合物中的一种或多种按照任意配比混合而成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，所述接枝改性的基体树脂由基体树脂与接枝单体通过自由基接枝的熔融反应进行接枝改性得到；接枝单体选自乙烯基硅氧烷、不饱和一元酸、不饱和二元酸、马来酸酐、马来酸二丁酯。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，所述接枝改性的基体树脂中，接枝率为0.1～20wt％；优选接枝率为1～10wt％，更优选接枝率为1～5wt％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，所述含氧或含硫化合物的折光指数为1.48～1.70；所述含氧化合物选自含有环氧基、醚基或酯基的化合物；所述含硫化合物选自含有硫醚基或硫酯基的化合物。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，所述含硫化合物选自硫代氨基甲酸酯、硫代氨基乙酸酯、硫代氨基丙酸酯、硫代氨基丁酸酯、双甲基丙烯酸硫代双乙醇双酯、4,4’-2二巯基二苯硫醚双甲基丙烯酸酯、一缩乙二硫醇双甲基丙烯酸酯、硫代双乙醇双甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯、甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，所述反应型增塑剂分子中含有在自由基作用下可发生熔融反应的分子基团。所述引发剂由叔丁基过氧化碳酸异丙酯、2,5-二甲基2,5-双(叔丁过氧基)己烷、1-双(过氧化叔丁基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯、2,5-二甲基2,5-双(叔丁过氧化)己烷、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-双(叔戊基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-双(叔戊基过氧)环己烷、2,2-双(叔丁基基过氧)丁烷、过氧化碳酸叔戊酯、过氧化3,3,5-三甲基己酸叔丁酯的一种或多种按任意配比混合组成。所述助交联剂为多官能团的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯类化合物。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，所述反应型增塑剂由烯丙基乙酸酯、烯丙基丙酸酯、烯丙基丁酸酯、双取代烯丙基氨基甲酸酯、双取代烯丙基氨基乙酸酯、双取代烯丙基氨基丙酸酯、双取代烯丙基氨基丁酸酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯树脂、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯的一种或多种按任意配比混合组成。所述助交联剂选自季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、乙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、丙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(200)二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(400)二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(600)二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(200)二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(400)二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(600)二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧化双酚A二丙烯酸酯、乙氧化双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯、1，3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1，4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于，所述紫外光吸收剂为2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮。所述光稳定剂为癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯。
  10. 根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的高透光率的光伏封装材料，其特征在于：所述高透光率的光伏封装材料的交联度为55～96％；厚度为0.10～1.00mm，优选为0.20～0.80mm，更优选为0.30～0.60mm，最优选为0.40～0.50mm。
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